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"content": "\u003cp>Recent episodes involving major U.S. news organizations have stoked fears that outlets are preemptively self-censoring coverage that could offend former President Donald Trump, who remains neck-and-neck in the polls with Vice President Kamala Harris ahead of Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the central media stories in the U.S. right now is the people who run big media companies making accommodations for a second Trump presidency and thinking about how to avoid antagonizing him,” Ben Smith, editor-in-chief and co-founder of the news site Semafor, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Los Angeles Times editor resigns after owner blocks endorsement of Harris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Semafor’s Max Tani first broke the news that the owner of the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>, Patrick Soon-Shiong, \u003ca href=\"https://www.semafor.com/article/10/22/2024/los-angeles-times-wont-endorse-for-president\">\u003cu>intervened to block the publication\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of an editorial endorsing Harris. \u003ca href=\"https://djt.nucleusemail.com/amplify/v/QuvJhBzYRA?hids=mBWoTxNLy3&_nlid=rMrU4PB2Uf&_nhids=mBWoTxNLy3\">\u003cu>The Trump campaign swiftly shared the Semafor story\u003c/u>\u003c/a> with supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>L.A. Times’ \u003c/em>editorials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/24/g-s1-29665/la-times-editor-resigns-presidential-endorsement\">\u003cu>editor, Mariel Garza, resigned\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, saying Soon-Shiong’s decision made the paper look “craven and hypocritical.” The newspaper has endorsed Harris, a Californian who lives in Los Angeles, for public office before; the paper’s editorial pages have routinely condemned Trump’s character, policies and record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-09-10/los-angeles-times-elections-endorsements-2024-november\">\u003cu>in endorsing state and local candidates\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, the \u003cem>L.A. Times \u003c/em>editorial page said voters would confront “the most consequential election in a generation” — though, it added, it was “not just talking about the presidential race.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publishers and owners have the right to weigh in on endorsements, of course, and often do so. This time, Soon-Shiong says he wanted something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the social media platform X, formerly Twitter, he wrote that the assignment had been to provide “clear and non-partisan information side-by-side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Editorial Board was provided the opportunity to draft a factual analysis of all the POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE policies by EACH candidate during their tenures at the White House, and how these policies affected the nation,” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/DrPatSoonShiong/status/1849217132183060705\">Soon-Shiong wrote\u003c/a>. “In addition, the Board was asked to provide their understanding of the policies and plans enunciated by the candidates during this campaign and its potential effect on the nation in the next four years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semafor Editor Smith noted that Soon-Shiong, like many media owners, has other business interests that can be directly affected by government actions. As a physician and medical inventor, Soon-Shiong has medical \u003ca href=\"https://www.urologytimes.com/view/dr-soon-shiong-discusses-the-fda-approval-of-n-803-in-nmibc\">\u003cu>products\u003c/u>\u003c/a> subject to review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and \u003ca href=\"https://patents.justia.com/inventor/patrick-soon-shiong\">\u003cu>applies for patents to federal regulators as well\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a lot of exposure to heavily regulated industries, I’d be very surprised if it’s something that media executives are not thinking about,” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, according to Stat News, which covers science, health care and medicine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/24/trump-patrick-soon-shiong-health-care/\">\u003cu>Soon-Shiong unsuccessfully sought a senior role\u003c/u>\u003c/a> overseeing U.S. health care at the outset of the Trump administration in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> did not respond to requests for comment beyond Soon-Shiong’s statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Concerns at NBC over Trump documentary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/22/nx-s1-5161480/trump-media-threats-abc-cbs-60-minutes-journalists\">\u003cu>repeatedly threatened\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to strip broadcast licenses from three big television networks — ABC, CBS and NBC — in retribution for moderators fact-checking him and running mate JD Vance during debates and for news coverage that Trump claims is unfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not how such federal regulation works: the Federal Communications Commission licenses local television and radio stations. However, the three broadcast networks own 80 local TV stations among them, making those licenses a pressure point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As CNN first reported, CBS News has \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/23/media/cbs-news-trump-60-minutes-legal-threat/index.html\">\u003cu>resisted Trump’s threats of legal action\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to force the release of its full, unedited interview with Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12011039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12011039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1081\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacob Soboroff attends Politicon at The Pasadena Convention Center on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2017, in Pasadena, Los Angeles County. \u003ccite>(Colin Young-Wolff/Invision/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“For the past decade, Donald Trump has been running a campaign against the media straight out of the playbook that authoritarians have used around the world, which is to threaten retaliation against news organizations if they don’t provide him with favorable enough coverage,” says Ian Bassin, an attorney and founder of the not-for-profit advocacy group Protect Democracy. “We are seeing now the seeds of that campaign bearing fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three journalists at left-leaning MSNBC told NPR that colleagues were concerned that a documentary produced by NBC News Studios about the effects of Trump’s policies on migrant families separated at the southern U.S. border will not be shown until early December, a month after Election Day. (The staffers asked for anonymity in order to discuss internal network matters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MSNBC star Rachel Maddow has been among the film’s biggest boosters internally. It is based on the reporting of NBC and MSNBC Correspondent Jacob Soboroff and directed by the noted filmmaker Errol Morris. Morris has publicly questioned the network’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is my movie not being shown on NBC prior to the election?” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/errolmorris/status/1842603262266237154\">\u003cu>Morris tweeted earlier this month\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. “It is not a partisan movie. It’s about a policy that was disgusting and should not be allowed to happen again. Make your own inferences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NBC News executives rejected the idea that political considerations had played any role in its programming decision about the film. MSNBC has shown another film, called \u003cem>From Russia with Lev\u003c/em>, about the allegations against Trump from an ally turned critic, Lev Parnas. Top MSNBC hosts have called Trump a “fascist” repeatedly in recent days, based on caustic characterizations from several of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/23/g-s1-29490/trump-john-kelly-fascist-dictator\">\u003cu>Trump’s former top aides\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, NBC News says it is proud of Soboroff’s film, noting it is based on reporting that previously aired on NBC and MSNBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fortunate that even amid this challenging documentary climate, we have been able to obtain significant visibility at several prestigious film festivals and an expanded theatrical run, which qualifies it for major awards, including the Oscars, ahead of its television debut soon,” it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soboroff has been on the network frequently, talking about related matters. NBC News Studios says it could not air the documentary while it is being shown at various film festivals and theaters. MSNBC officials concluded it would be better not to interrupt its intensifying political coverage immediately before Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lingering uncertainty over Washington Post endorsement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post’s \u003c/em>investigative reporters have been in the vanguard of exposing wrongdoing by Trump and his associates while in power. Its editorial section, which is operated separately, has been sharply critical of the former president.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12004928,news_11993255,news_11993392\"]Yet less than two weeks before Election Day, the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>’s opinion-section staff does not know whether the paper will run an editorial endorsement for president, according to two people at the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> with knowledge. (They asked for anonymity to talk about internal matters at the paper.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time \u003cem>The Post \u003c/em>did not make an endorsement for president in the general election was 1988, according to a review of archives. The \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> has been endorsing candidates for local office this fall. \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> endorsed Harris on Sept. 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Post\u003c/em> owner Jeff Bezos is the founder of Amazon and space company Blue Origin, both of which have contracts with the federal government. During the Trump administration, the Pentagon had to scrap a $10 billion cloud computing contract with Microsoft after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/10/804480574/amazon-wants-trump-to-testify-about-military-contract-awarded-to-microsoft\">\u003cu>Amazon filed a lawsuit\u003c/u>\u003c/a> alleging it had been passed over to punish Bezos for the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>’s reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-18/trump-says-he-s-looking-very-seriously-at-pentagon-cloud-deal\">\u003cu>Trump had said publicly\u003c/u>\u003c/a> that he, personally, had been reviewing the contract, which Amazon had previously been expected to win. Ultimately, four companies, including Amazon and Microsoft, were awarded parts of the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bezos’s new chief executive and publisher at the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>is Will Lewis, who has conservative bonafides. Lewis held the same role at Rupert Murdoch’s \u003cem>Wall Street Journal\u003c/em>; served as the editor of the London-based \u003cem>Telegraph\u003c/em>, which is closely allied with the Tory party; and was a consultant to Conservative Boris Johnson when Johnson was prime minister. Colleagues have told NPR that Bezos selected Lewis in part for his ability to get along with powerful conservative political figures, including Murdoch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corporate spokespersons for the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Outlets from the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> to perhaps even the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> are engaging in what the historian Timothy Snyder has called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/author/ian-bassin-and-maximillian-potter\">\u003cu>anticipatory obedience\u003c/u>\u003c/a> — pulling back from their obligation, to tell the truth in order to placate the tyrant so he doesn’t come after them,” Protect Democracy’s Bassin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Recent episodes involving major U.S. news organizations have stoked fears that outlets are preemptively self-censoring coverage that could offend former President Donald Trump, who remains neck-and-neck in the polls with Vice President Kamala Harris ahead of Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the central media stories in the U.S. right now is the people who run big media companies making accommodations for a second Trump presidency and thinking about how to avoid antagonizing him,” Ben Smith, editor-in-chief and co-founder of the news site Semafor, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Los Angeles Times editor resigns after owner blocks endorsement of Harris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Semafor’s Max Tani first broke the news that the owner of the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>, Patrick Soon-Shiong, \u003ca href=\"https://www.semafor.com/article/10/22/2024/los-angeles-times-wont-endorse-for-president\">\u003cu>intervened to block the publication\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of an editorial endorsing Harris. \u003ca href=\"https://djt.nucleusemail.com/amplify/v/QuvJhBzYRA?hids=mBWoTxNLy3&_nlid=rMrU4PB2Uf&_nhids=mBWoTxNLy3\">\u003cu>The Trump campaign swiftly shared the Semafor story\u003c/u>\u003c/a> with supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>L.A. Times’ \u003c/em>editorials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/24/g-s1-29665/la-times-editor-resigns-presidential-endorsement\">\u003cu>editor, Mariel Garza, resigned\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, saying Soon-Shiong’s decision made the paper look “craven and hypocritical.” The newspaper has endorsed Harris, a Californian who lives in Los Angeles, for public office before; the paper’s editorial pages have routinely condemned Trump’s character, policies and record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-09-10/los-angeles-times-elections-endorsements-2024-november\">\u003cu>in endorsing state and local candidates\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, the \u003cem>L.A. Times \u003c/em>editorial page said voters would confront “the most consequential election in a generation” — though, it added, it was “not just talking about the presidential race.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publishers and owners have the right to weigh in on endorsements, of course, and often do so. This time, Soon-Shiong says he wanted something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the social media platform X, formerly Twitter, he wrote that the assignment had been to provide “clear and non-partisan information side-by-side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Editorial Board was provided the opportunity to draft a factual analysis of all the POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE policies by EACH candidate during their tenures at the White House, and how these policies affected the nation,” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/DrPatSoonShiong/status/1849217132183060705\">Soon-Shiong wrote\u003c/a>. “In addition, the Board was asked to provide their understanding of the policies and plans enunciated by the candidates during this campaign and its potential effect on the nation in the next four years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semafor Editor Smith noted that Soon-Shiong, like many media owners, has other business interests that can be directly affected by government actions. As a physician and medical inventor, Soon-Shiong has medical \u003ca href=\"https://www.urologytimes.com/view/dr-soon-shiong-discusses-the-fda-approval-of-n-803-in-nmibc\">\u003cu>products\u003c/u>\u003c/a> subject to review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and \u003ca href=\"https://patents.justia.com/inventor/patrick-soon-shiong\">\u003cu>applies for patents to federal regulators as well\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a lot of exposure to heavily regulated industries, I’d be very surprised if it’s something that media executives are not thinking about,” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, according to Stat News, which covers science, health care and medicine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/24/trump-patrick-soon-shiong-health-care/\">\u003cu>Soon-Shiong unsuccessfully sought a senior role\u003c/u>\u003c/a> overseeing U.S. health care at the outset of the Trump administration in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> did not respond to requests for comment beyond Soon-Shiong’s statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Concerns at NBC over Trump documentary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/22/nx-s1-5161480/trump-media-threats-abc-cbs-60-minutes-journalists\">\u003cu>repeatedly threatened\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to strip broadcast licenses from three big television networks — ABC, CBS and NBC — in retribution for moderators fact-checking him and running mate JD Vance during debates and for news coverage that Trump claims is unfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not how such federal regulation works: the Federal Communications Commission licenses local television and radio stations. However, the three broadcast networks own 80 local TV stations among them, making those licenses a pressure point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As CNN first reported, CBS News has \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/23/media/cbs-news-trump-60-minutes-legal-threat/index.html\">\u003cu>resisted Trump’s threats of legal action\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to force the release of its full, unedited interview with Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12011039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12011039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1081\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacob Soboroff attends Politicon at The Pasadena Convention Center on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2017, in Pasadena, Los Angeles County. \u003ccite>(Colin Young-Wolff/Invision/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“For the past decade, Donald Trump has been running a campaign against the media straight out of the playbook that authoritarians have used around the world, which is to threaten retaliation against news organizations if they don’t provide him with favorable enough coverage,” says Ian Bassin, an attorney and founder of the not-for-profit advocacy group Protect Democracy. “We are seeing now the seeds of that campaign bearing fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three journalists at left-leaning MSNBC told NPR that colleagues were concerned that a documentary produced by NBC News Studios about the effects of Trump’s policies on migrant families separated at the southern U.S. border will not be shown until early December, a month after Election Day. (The staffers asked for anonymity in order to discuss internal network matters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MSNBC star Rachel Maddow has been among the film’s biggest boosters internally. It is based on the reporting of NBC and MSNBC Correspondent Jacob Soboroff and directed by the noted filmmaker Errol Morris. Morris has publicly questioned the network’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is my movie not being shown on NBC prior to the election?” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/errolmorris/status/1842603262266237154\">\u003cu>Morris tweeted earlier this month\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. “It is not a partisan movie. It’s about a policy that was disgusting and should not be allowed to happen again. Make your own inferences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NBC News executives rejected the idea that political considerations had played any role in its programming decision about the film. MSNBC has shown another film, called \u003cem>From Russia with Lev\u003c/em>, about the allegations against Trump from an ally turned critic, Lev Parnas. Top MSNBC hosts have called Trump a “fascist” repeatedly in recent days, based on caustic characterizations from several of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/23/g-s1-29490/trump-john-kelly-fascist-dictator\">\u003cu>Trump’s former top aides\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, NBC News says it is proud of Soboroff’s film, noting it is based on reporting that previously aired on NBC and MSNBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fortunate that even amid this challenging documentary climate, we have been able to obtain significant visibility at several prestigious film festivals and an expanded theatrical run, which qualifies it for major awards, including the Oscars, ahead of its television debut soon,” it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soboroff has been on the network frequently, talking about related matters. NBC News Studios says it could not air the documentary while it is being shown at various film festivals and theaters. MSNBC officials concluded it would be better not to interrupt its intensifying political coverage immediately before Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lingering uncertainty over Washington Post endorsement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post’s \u003c/em>investigative reporters have been in the vanguard of exposing wrongdoing by Trump and his associates while in power. Its editorial section, which is operated separately, has been sharply critical of the former president.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Yet less than two weeks before Election Day, the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>’s opinion-section staff does not know whether the paper will run an editorial endorsement for president, according to two people at the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> with knowledge. (They asked for anonymity to talk about internal matters at the paper.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time \u003cem>The Post \u003c/em>did not make an endorsement for president in the general election was 1988, according to a review of archives. The \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> has been endorsing candidates for local office this fall. \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> endorsed Harris on Sept. 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Post\u003c/em> owner Jeff Bezos is the founder of Amazon and space company Blue Origin, both of which have contracts with the federal government. During the Trump administration, the Pentagon had to scrap a $10 billion cloud computing contract with Microsoft after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/10/804480574/amazon-wants-trump-to-testify-about-military-contract-awarded-to-microsoft\">\u003cu>Amazon filed a lawsuit\u003c/u>\u003c/a> alleging it had been passed over to punish Bezos for the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>’s reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-18/trump-says-he-s-looking-very-seriously-at-pentagon-cloud-deal\">\u003cu>Trump had said publicly\u003c/u>\u003c/a> that he, personally, had been reviewing the contract, which Amazon had previously been expected to win. Ultimately, four companies, including Amazon and Microsoft, were awarded parts of the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bezos’s new chief executive and publisher at the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>is Will Lewis, who has conservative bonafides. Lewis held the same role at Rupert Murdoch’s \u003cem>Wall Street Journal\u003c/em>; served as the editor of the London-based \u003cem>Telegraph\u003c/em>, which is closely allied with the Tory party; and was a consultant to Conservative Boris Johnson when Johnson was prime minister. Colleagues have told NPR that Bezos selected Lewis in part for his ability to get along with powerful conservative political figures, including Murdoch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corporate spokespersons for the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Outlets from the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> to perhaps even the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> are engaging in what the historian Timothy Snyder has called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/author/ian-bassin-and-maximillian-potter\">\u003cu>anticipatory obedience\u003c/u>\u003c/a> — pulling back from their obligation, to tell the truth in order to placate the tyrant so he doesn’t come after them,” Protect Democracy’s Bassin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Biden administration is proposing a rule that would expand access to contraceptive products, including making over-the-counter birth control and condoms free for the first time for women of reproductive age who have private health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposal by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor Department and Treasury Department, which the administration announced on Monday, health insurance companies would be required to cover all recommended over-the-counter contraception products, such as condoms, spermicide and emergency contraception, without a prescription and at no cost, according to senior administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would also require private health insurance providers to notify recipients about the covered over-the-counter products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule comes as the Biden administration seeks to expand access to contraceptives and as other reproductive health, including access to abortion, has become a central issue in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/20/g-s1-23971/harris-abortion-preventable-deaths-georgia\">2024 presidential election campaign\u003c/a>. Republican-led states have restricted access to abortion since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/05/22/1252771024/state-abortion-laws-2024-election\">About half of states\u003c/a> now ban or severely restrict abortion, which has coincided with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/nx-s1-5020324\">steep declines\u003c/a> in prescriptions for birth control and emergency contraception in those states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra said when health care insurers impose burdensome administrative or cost-sharing requirements for services, “access to contraceptives become even more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have heard from women who need a specific brand of birth control but the cost of their prescription isn’t covered by their health insurance. We have made clear that in all 50 states, the Affordable Care Act guarantees coverage of women’s preventive services without cost sharing, including all birth control methods approved by the Food and Drug Administration,” Becerra told reporters. “This proposed rule will build on the progress we have already made under the Affordable Care Act to help ensure that more women can access the contraceptive services they need without out-of-pocket costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more on reproductive health\" tag=\"reproductive-health\"]The products would be able to be accessed the same way prescription medicines are accessed, such as at the pharmacy counter, according to senior administration officials. Getting the products through reimbursement would also be an option, depending on the health insurance plan, officials said.\u003cbr>\nBirth control became available to those with insurance without a copay because of the Affordable Care Act, but that required a prescription.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2023, a daily oral birth control pill, Opill, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/13/1187460902/opill-fda-approve-otc-birth-control-pill\" target=\"1187460902\" rel=\"noopener\">became the first over-the-counter birth control pill\u003c/a> to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. It became \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/04/1235404522/opill-over-counter-birth-control-pill-contraceptive-shop\" target=\"1235404522\" rel=\"noopener\">available for purchase online\u003c/a> in March and can be purchased for $19.99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration in January \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/01/22/fact-sheet-white-house-task-force-on-reproductive-healthcare-access-announces-new-actions-and-marks-the-51st-anniversary-of-roe-v-wade/\">announced several actions\u003c/a> aimed at strengthening access to abortion and contraceptives, including the Office of Personnel Management issuing guidance to insurers that will expand access to contraception for federal workers, families and retirees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be a comment period on the proposed rule, and if approved, it could go into effect in 2025, according to senior administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if former President Donald Trump wins the election, he could reverse the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Sydney Lupkin and Bill Chappell contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The products would be able to be accessed the same way prescription medicines are accessed, such as at the pharmacy counter, according to senior administration officials. Getting the products through reimbursement would also be an option, depending on the health insurance plan, officials said.\u003cbr>\nBirth control became available to those with insurance without a copay because of the Affordable Care Act, but that required a prescription.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2023, a daily oral birth control pill, Opill, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/13/1187460902/opill-fda-approve-otc-birth-control-pill\" target=\"1187460902\" rel=\"noopener\">became the first over-the-counter birth control pill\u003c/a> to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. It became \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/04/1235404522/opill-over-counter-birth-control-pill-contraceptive-shop\" target=\"1235404522\" rel=\"noopener\">available for purchase online\u003c/a> in March and can be purchased for $19.99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration in January \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/01/22/fact-sheet-white-house-task-force-on-reproductive-healthcare-access-announces-new-actions-and-marks-the-51st-anniversary-of-roe-v-wade/\">announced several actions\u003c/a> aimed at strengthening access to abortion and contraceptives, including the Office of Personnel Management issuing guidance to insurers that will expand access to contraception for federal workers, families and retirees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be a comment period on the proposed rule, and if approved, it could go into effect in 2025, according to senior administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if former President Donald Trump wins the election, he could reverse the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Sydney Lupkin and Bill Chappell contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A hack this month on the world’s largest archive of the internet — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151702292/how-do-you-create-an-internet-archive-of-all-human-knowledge\">whose mission\u003c/a> is to provide “universal access to all knowledge” — has compromised millions of users’ information and forced a temporary shutdown of its services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack on the Internet Archive leaked identifying information from more than 31 million user accounts, including patron email addresses and encrypted passwords, according to the website \u003ca href=\"https://haveibeenpwned.com/\">Have I Been Pwnd\u003c/a>, which tracks accounts that may be compromised in a data breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more on cybersecurity\" tag=\"cybersecurity\"]The Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco that operates on a shoestring budget, provides free access to its enormous digitized library of websites, current and past software applications and print materials. The organization said its vast cache of archival material “is safe” following the breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IA said that it took down the entire site temporarily to “access and improve our security.” By Friday, most of its services were back online, including its archive tool of websites, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151702292/how-do-you-create-an-internet-archive-of-all-human-knowledge\">the Wayback Machine\u003c/a>. The IA said it was working “around the clock” and through the weekend to restore the rest of its services securely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In coming days, more services will resume, some starting in read-only mode as full restoration will take more time,” read a blog entry from IA founder \u003ca href=\"https://blog.archive.org/2024/10/18/internet-archive-services-update-2024-10-17/\">Brewster Kahle posted Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the attack surfaced on Oct. 9, with visitors to archive.org sharing screenshots showing that the website’s JavaScript had been defaced with a message that the Internet Archive had been breached:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]“Have you ever felt like the Internet Archive runs on sticks and is constantly on the verge of suffering a catastrophic security breach? It just happened. See 31 million of you on [Have I Been Pwnd],” read the JavaScript alert that momentarily appeared on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re taking a cautious, deliberate approach to rebuild and strengthen our defenses. Our priority is ensuring the Internet Archive comes online stronger and more secure,” Kahle said in his blog post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted other recent cyberattacks on libraries — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bl.uk/cyber-incident/\">British Library\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-public-library-still-reeling-from-may-cyberattack/\">Seattle Public Library\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-library-ransomware-recovery-1.7126412\">Toronto Public Library\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-public-library-investigation-cyberattack-1.7353097\">Calgary Public Library\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope these attacks are not indicative of a trend,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the Internet Archive saw its first attack since its founding in 1996, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2024/10/18/internet-archive-hack-wayback/\">Kahle told\u003cem> The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and intermittent outages have followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/30/823797545/authors-publishers-condemn-the-national-emergency-library-as-piracy\">2020\u003c/a>, the Internet Archive has been dogged by lawsuits over its digitization of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/internet-archive-loses-hachette-books-case-appeal/\">copyrighted books\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/internet-archive-major-label-music-lawsuit-1235105273/\">music\u003c/a>. Kahle told the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>the costly fines from the lawsuits could amount to a death blow for the archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit has yet to share further updates on the breach of sensitive information. NPR has reached out to the Internet Archive for more details about the attack and how its patrons were affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco that operates on a shoestring budget, provides free access to its enormous digitized library of websites, current and past software applications and print materials. The organization said its vast cache of archival material “is safe” following the breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IA said that it took down the entire site temporarily to “access and improve our security.” By Friday, most of its services were back online, including its archive tool of websites, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151702292/how-do-you-create-an-internet-archive-of-all-human-knowledge\">the Wayback Machine\u003c/a>. The IA said it was working “around the clock” and through the weekend to restore the rest of its services securely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In coming days, more services will resume, some starting in read-only mode as full restoration will take more time,” read a blog entry from IA founder \u003ca href=\"https://blog.archive.org/2024/10/18/internet-archive-services-update-2024-10-17/\">Brewster Kahle posted Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the attack surfaced on Oct. 9, with visitors to archive.org sharing screenshots showing that the website’s JavaScript had been defaced with a message that the Internet Archive had been breached:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Have you ever felt like the Internet Archive runs on sticks and is constantly on the verge of suffering a catastrophic security breach? It just happened. See 31 million of you on [Have I Been Pwnd],” read the JavaScript alert that momentarily appeared on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re taking a cautious, deliberate approach to rebuild and strengthen our defenses. Our priority is ensuring the Internet Archive comes online stronger and more secure,” Kahle said in his blog post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted other recent cyberattacks on libraries — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bl.uk/cyber-incident/\">British Library\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-public-library-still-reeling-from-may-cyberattack/\">Seattle Public Library\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-library-ransomware-recovery-1.7126412\">Toronto Public Library\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-public-library-investigation-cyberattack-1.7353097\">Calgary Public Library\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope these attacks are not indicative of a trend,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the Internet Archive saw its first attack since its founding in 1996, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2024/10/18/internet-archive-hack-wayback/\">Kahle told\u003cem> The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and intermittent outages have followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/30/823797545/authors-publishers-condemn-the-national-emergency-library-as-piracy\">2020\u003c/a>, the Internet Archive has been dogged by lawsuits over its digitization of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/internet-archive-loses-hachette-books-case-appeal/\">copyrighted books\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/internet-archive-major-label-music-lawsuit-1235105273/\">music\u003c/a>. Kahle told the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>the costly fines from the lawsuits could amount to a death blow for the archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit has yet to share further updates on the breach of sensitive information. NPR has reached out to the Internet Archive for more details about the attack and how its patrons were affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The federal government will soon protect more than 4,500 square miles of ocean off the Central California coast. The Biden administration is creating a new national marine sanctuary, which will be the third largest in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sanctuary is also the first to be led by Indigenous people. It was nominated by members of the Northern Chumash Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>who drove the effort for more than a decade\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to protect the rugged coastline that is their historical homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, the new \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/\">\u003cu>Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> will be managed in partnership with tribes and Indigenous groups in the area, who will advise the federal government. It marks a growing movement under the Biden administration to give tribes a say over the lands and waters that were taken from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still here, and so are the Indigenous people wherever you live,” says Violet Sage Walker, chairwoman of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council, who led the campaign for the sanctuary. “Being able to address climate change, use traditional ecological knowledge, and participate in co-management is Indigenous peoples’ contribution to saving the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff1%2F6b%2F9ec7bc0b4453869e43ddd7e1adb4%2Funderwater2.gif\" alt=\"The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem.\">\u003cfigcaption>The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final sanctuary boundaries are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/24/1195653011/biden-proposes-vast-new-marine-sanctuary-in-partnership-with-california-tribe\">\u003cu>smaller than originally proposed\u003c/u>\u003c/a> due to California’s burgeoning offshore wind industry. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says it plans to look at expanding the sanctuary in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National marine sanctuaries are similar to a national forest on land. The new sanctuary will be protected from oil and gas drilling, as well as undersea mining, while fishing is still permitted. It also means more public outreach and monitoring for environmental impacts, something NOAA says is vital to understanding how the ecosystem is being affected by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will protect what they love, and they won’t love it unless they understand it,” says Paul Michel, regional policy coordinator for NOAA’s West Coast Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. “One of our challenges is to share this incredible resource with people to encourage their advocacy and support for ocean conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A vision for protection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>fulfillment of a lifelong dream\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of Walker’s father, Fred Collins. He nominated the area to become a sanctuary in 2015 with NOAA. The proposal languished under the Trump administration, and Collins passed away several years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all my dad ever wanted, that people would know that we are the stewards of this land,” Walker says. “One of the last conversations we had in the hospital before he passed away, he says the sanctuary was one of the most important things he did and that he wanted me to finish it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009358\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009358\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\" alt='A map with different regions highlighted in shades of blue with a title that reads \"New national marine sanctuary off the California coast.\"' width=\"1672\" height=\"1496\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM.png 1672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-800x716.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1020x913.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-160x143.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1536x1374.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ccite>(Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is home to a diverse marine ecosystem, where dense kelp forests support a broad array of l,ife from sea otters to migrating whales. For Walker, the area is also home to many sacred sites dating back thousands of years, like the rocky cliffs known as Point Conception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s where we spiritually believe that all people leave this world into the next life,” she says. “They take their journey – whatever faith you are, whatever spirituality you have – and that area will be fully and forever protected. For my father, our ancestors, elders who have passed – I think they would be the most excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Ocean has also been hit hard by climate change, like the massive marine heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/06/758042120/is-the-blob-back-latest-marine-heat-wave-could-pose-new-risks-to-sea-life\">\u003cu>known as “the Blob,”\u003c/u>\u003c/a> which dramatically altered the food web from 2014–16, affecting everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234718984/humpback-whale-decline-pacific-climate-change\">\u003cu>the tiniest creatures to massive whales\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historic designation of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary comes not a moment too soon,” says Congressman Salud Carbajal, who represents the area. “As our oceans and communities face unprecedented challenges from a changing marine environment, this new sanctuary comes at a critical time for our region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Compromise with the wind industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2022, the federal government held the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/biden-harris-administration-announces-winners-california-offshore-wind-energy-auction\">\u003cu>first offshore wind leases\u003c/u>\u003c/a> on the West Coast, opening the door for wind energy. The new floating turbines will be outside the sanctuary, but under the original sanctuary boundary, the undersea cables that bring power to shore would have been within it.[aside postID=\"news_11985188,news_11959107\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After negotiations, wind energy companies and tribal groups agreed to a smaller boundary for the sanctuary, with a \u003ca href=\"https://evenkeelwind.invenergy.com/news/northern-chumash-tribal-council-and-morro-bay-offshore-wind-leaseholders-announce-joint-support-for-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>phased approach to expand it\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. The current boundary leaves a corridor for wind energy infrastructure to be built. After that, NOAA has said it will begin the process of considering expanding the sanctuary to the original proposed size, something wind companies say they’ll support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a commitment to ensuring that infrastructure advances with consideration of the natural environment and species of concern and sensitive natural resources,” says Erin Lieberman, vice president of environmental compliance and strategy at Invenergy, one of the wind companies developing a project. “How we incorporate that into our project placement and our project design is a priority. And I hope and believe that we can be a model for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F6a%2Fb4%2Ff1d45e9342ac9cab1a5b8c76ba3b%2Fsanctuary1.gif\" alt=\"NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead, after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms.\">\u003cfigcaption>NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms. \u003ccite> (NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Offshore wind energy could be vital for California to reach its goal of getting 100% of its electricity by 2045 from sources that don’t emit planet-heating pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://schwarzenegger.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/images/files/OSW_Report.pdf\">\u003cu>Studies show\u003c/u>\u003c/a> offshore wind produces power at a vital time for the state – right as the sun sets and solar farms start turning off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compromises were made, but I think that’s the way we also move forward with addressing climate change,” Walker says. “Dealing with renewable green energy is not always easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Developing Indigenous co-management\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NOAA says it plans to manage the new Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary with input from the \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/indigenous-heritage/\">\u003cu>tribes and Indigenous groups in the area\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. Since only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized, the involvement may look different for different groups, something NOAA is still determining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, what this represents is a starting point because we realize we’ve got a lot of work to do to get to know one another, to build some trust,” Michel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has piloted Indigenous co-management in a handful of places, \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">\u003cu>like at the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> in Washington state. On land, the government is also working with \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/blm-forest-service-and-five-tribes-bears-ears-commission-commit-historic-co-management\">\u003cu>five tribes in managing\u003c/u>\u003c/a> the Bears Ears National Monument in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After centuries of displacement and violence, Walker says it will take time for Indigenous peoples to repair the relationship with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big step for them and we’ll just see how things go,” Walker says. “As long as I’m breathing, we’re going to be fighting to protect our Earth, Mother Earth. That’s just who most Indigenous people are.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The federal government will soon protect more than 4,500 square miles of ocean off the Central California coast. The Biden administration is creating a new national marine sanctuary, which will be the third largest in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sanctuary is also the first to be led by Indigenous people. It was nominated by members of the Northern Chumash Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>who drove the effort for more than a decade\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to protect the rugged coastline that is their historical homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, the new \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/\">\u003cu>Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> will be managed in partnership with tribes and Indigenous groups in the area, who will advise the federal government. It marks a growing movement under the Biden administration to give tribes a say over the lands and waters that were taken from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still here, and so are the Indigenous people wherever you live,” says Violet Sage Walker, chairwoman of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council, who led the campaign for the sanctuary. “Being able to address climate change, use traditional ecological knowledge, and participate in co-management is Indigenous peoples’ contribution to saving the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff1%2F6b%2F9ec7bc0b4453869e43ddd7e1adb4%2Funderwater2.gif\" alt=\"The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem.\">\u003cfigcaption>The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final sanctuary boundaries are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/24/1195653011/biden-proposes-vast-new-marine-sanctuary-in-partnership-with-california-tribe\">\u003cu>smaller than originally proposed\u003c/u>\u003c/a> due to California’s burgeoning offshore wind industry. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says it plans to look at expanding the sanctuary in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National marine sanctuaries are similar to a national forest on land. The new sanctuary will be protected from oil and gas drilling, as well as undersea mining, while fishing is still permitted. It also means more public outreach and monitoring for environmental impacts, something NOAA says is vital to understanding how the ecosystem is being affected by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will protect what they love, and they won’t love it unless they understand it,” says Paul Michel, regional policy coordinator for NOAA’s West Coast Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. “One of our challenges is to share this incredible resource with people to encourage their advocacy and support for ocean conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A vision for protection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>fulfillment of a lifelong dream\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of Walker’s father, Fred Collins. He nominated the area to become a sanctuary in 2015 with NOAA. The proposal languished under the Trump administration, and Collins passed away several years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all my dad ever wanted, that people would know that we are the stewards of this land,” Walker says. “One of the last conversations we had in the hospital before he passed away, he says the sanctuary was one of the most important things he did and that he wanted me to finish it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009358\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009358\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\" alt='A map with different regions highlighted in shades of blue with a title that reads \"New national marine sanctuary off the California coast.\"' width=\"1672\" height=\"1496\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM.png 1672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-800x716.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1020x913.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-160x143.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1536x1374.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ccite>(Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is home to a diverse marine ecosystem, where dense kelp forests support a broad array of l,ife from sea otters to migrating whales. For Walker, the area is also home to many sacred sites dating back thousands of years, like the rocky cliffs known as Point Conception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s where we spiritually believe that all people leave this world into the next life,” she says. “They take their journey – whatever faith you are, whatever spirituality you have – and that area will be fully and forever protected. For my father, our ancestors, elders who have passed – I think they would be the most excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Ocean has also been hit hard by climate change, like the massive marine heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/06/758042120/is-the-blob-back-latest-marine-heat-wave-could-pose-new-risks-to-sea-life\">\u003cu>known as “the Blob,”\u003c/u>\u003c/a> which dramatically altered the food web from 2014–16, affecting everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234718984/humpback-whale-decline-pacific-climate-change\">\u003cu>the tiniest creatures to massive whales\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historic designation of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary comes not a moment too soon,” says Congressman Salud Carbajal, who represents the area. “As our oceans and communities face unprecedented challenges from a changing marine environment, this new sanctuary comes at a critical time for our region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Compromise with the wind industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2022, the federal government held the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/biden-harris-administration-announces-winners-california-offshore-wind-energy-auction\">\u003cu>first offshore wind leases\u003c/u>\u003c/a> on the West Coast, opening the door for wind energy. The new floating turbines will be outside the sanctuary, but under the original sanctuary boundary, the undersea cables that bring power to shore would have been within it.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After negotiations, wind energy companies and tribal groups agreed to a smaller boundary for the sanctuary, with a \u003ca href=\"https://evenkeelwind.invenergy.com/news/northern-chumash-tribal-council-and-morro-bay-offshore-wind-leaseholders-announce-joint-support-for-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>phased approach to expand it\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. The current boundary leaves a corridor for wind energy infrastructure to be built. After that, NOAA has said it will begin the process of considering expanding the sanctuary to the original proposed size, something wind companies say they’ll support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a commitment to ensuring that infrastructure advances with consideration of the natural environment and species of concern and sensitive natural resources,” says Erin Lieberman, vice president of environmental compliance and strategy at Invenergy, one of the wind companies developing a project. “How we incorporate that into our project placement and our project design is a priority. And I hope and believe that we can be a model for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F6a%2Fb4%2Ff1d45e9342ac9cab1a5b8c76ba3b%2Fsanctuary1.gif\" alt=\"NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead, after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms.\">\u003cfigcaption>NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms. \u003ccite> (NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Offshore wind energy could be vital for California to reach its goal of getting 100% of its electricity by 2045 from sources that don’t emit planet-heating pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://schwarzenegger.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/images/files/OSW_Report.pdf\">\u003cu>Studies show\u003c/u>\u003c/a> offshore wind produces power at a vital time for the state – right as the sun sets and solar farms start turning off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compromises were made, but I think that’s the way we also move forward with addressing climate change,” Walker says. “Dealing with renewable green energy is not always easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Developing Indigenous co-management\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NOAA says it plans to manage the new Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary with input from the \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/indigenous-heritage/\">\u003cu>tribes and Indigenous groups in the area\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. Since only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized, the involvement may look different for different groups, something NOAA is still determining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, what this represents is a starting point because we realize we’ve got a lot of work to do to get to know one another, to build some trust,” Michel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has piloted Indigenous co-management in a handful of places, \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">\u003cu>like at the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> in Washington state. On land, the government is also working with \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/blm-forest-service-and-five-tribes-bears-ears-commission-commit-historic-co-management\">\u003cu>five tribes in managing\u003c/u>\u003c/a> the Bears Ears National Monument in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After centuries of displacement and violence, Walker says it will take time for Indigenous peoples to repair the relationship with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big step for them and we’ll just see how things go,” Walker says. “As long as I’m breathing, we’re going to be fighting to protect our Earth, Mother Earth. That’s just who most Indigenous people are.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Brenda H. almost didn’t make it to her first day of college. She tried to apply for financial aid through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) four times, but encountered glitch after glitch — including a widespread bug that impacted students whose parents or spouses don’t have Social Security numbers. Brenda’s parents are both undocumented, which is why Brenda requested we keep their last name out of this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until her fifth attempt this spring that Brenda was finally able to submit her FAFSA. The delay meant she committed to a college — California State University, Northridge — without knowing if she could afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was entering college blind,” she says as she thinks back to that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her financial aid package finally came, she says she was speechless. “My mouth dropped to the floor.” There were only a few weeks left before school started, and her award offer was much lower than she had planned for. “I was mad at FAFSA,” she says. “So I went in blind, I went in confused, and I went in angry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/24/nx-s1-5121218/fafsa-college-financial-aid-gao\">\u003cu>FAFSA debacle\u003c/u>\u003c/a> has followed students like Brenda into the school year, as the repercussions of months-long delays from the last financial aid cycle continue to play out. Many colleges traditionally ask students to commit to their school by May 1, but the National College Attainment Network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/page/FAFSAtracker\">\u003cu>estimated that\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, compared to last year, about 408,000 fewer high school seniors had successfully completed their FAFSA as of that week. Some colleges responded by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/05/1242776503/college-fafsa-financial-aid\">\u003cu>pushing their commitment deadlines\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, but the delays still left Brenda, and others like her, forced to make all kinds of decisions about college without knowing how they would pay for it. Now, many of those students are fighting to stay in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Brenda, that meant scrambling to find housing nearby — a room that’s a 30-minute bus ride from campus — and making her own lunches to save money. She’s hoping to get more aid out of the next FAFSA cycle, which has again been delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education began testing this year’s form with a limited number of students on Oct. 1, the form’s traditional release date. The agency says it’s working to fix glitches and release the application to all students by Dec. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I’m wondering how I’m going to pay for the next semester’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brenda’s mom is a seamstress and her dad works for a bulk spice market. Nobody in her family has ever been to college, so she didn’t grow up thinking she’d get a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed in 11th grade, when Brenda started taking drum lessons in the basement of a local nonprofit in Downtown Los Angeles. Kid City Hope Place serves low-income students with educational programs, financial aid help and activities meant to get them excited about higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember I was so scared of the upstairs kids because they were all about college, all about [their] future. And back in junior year, I didn’t even think I would go to college,” Brenda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009019\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1182\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-800x591.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1536x1135.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kid City Hope Place helped inspire Brenda to apply to college. The organization serves low-income students with educational programs, financial aid help and activities meant to get them excited about higher education. \u003ccite>(Jonaki Mehta/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim Fabian, the project director at Kid City, jokes that their music program is just a way to draw kids to the college access program upstairs. “It actually is one of the tactics we use for some of the students who might fall between the cracks — the students that aren’t high achieving, but aren’t low achieving, and they get stuck somewhere in the middle. They just need a gentle push.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case for Brenda, who says, “I just didn’t see a future for myself. But once I started going to the [college access] program at the end of my junior year, they encouraged me to apply to college, and encouraged me to apply for the FAFSA. They encouraged me to just go for it. Like, ‘You won’t regret this.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda’s counselors told her that because her family was low-income, she would likely qualify for substantial financial aid. Excited about the prospect of going to a four-year university, Brenda forged ahead and applied to colleges last fall, and then to the FAFSA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fabian says she didn’t know what to say earlier this year when the FAFSA application process failed every single Kid City family who applied. “It felt like a broken promise,” she says. “It was impossible to not feel that guilty feeling because we’re the intermediaries that are supposed to make these dreams happen, make this possible, give you a hand, talk you through the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the delays caused Brenda anxiety, she felt better when she saw her friends from higher-income families receive enough aid to cover their education. She was certain the same would be true for her. But when Brenda’s financial aid offer finally came in July, just a few weeks before school was set to begin, “I completely panicked,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She received a Pell Grant for $970 per semester, and was offered $2,750 in federal student loans each semester. That aid amount just about covers her tuition, but she’s on her own when it comes to housing, food, books and transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Brenda did manage to cobble together enough money to start classes in the fall, she says the financial stress has made it hard to focus on her actual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me think about my future … and sometimes I’ll catch myself not focusing in class because I’m wondering how I’m going to pay for the next semester.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just an application, but a gateway to ‘a life plan’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brenda is majoring in psychology. She has struggled with her own mental health and couldn’t get the help she needed, so she wants to become a therapist to help kids like her. But she’s worried about whether she can afford to finish her degree.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11999471,news_11957693,news_11987754\"]Brenda says this whole experience made her realize that, for her, the FAFSA isn’t just a bureaucratic application that results in a sum of money — it’s a gateway to “a life-plan.” Had she gotten her aid package in a timely manner, she could have made a more informed decision about college, applied to scholarships and maybe the entire thing would have been less stressful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole process, everything I experienced, just traumatized me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it was frustrating to hear the form was delayed again this year, but every time she feels discouraged about paying for her education, she thinks about her 2- and 3-year-old nieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to be a role model for them. I want them to know, ‘You can go to college. You’re not bound to be like your parents, you’re not bound to be like your grandparents. You can go to college and make a name for yourself.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she waits to apply to the next FAFSA, she’s trying to stay focused on her coursework, and on her newfound independence. Recently, she stayed out past midnight for the first time, and had her first sleepover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like ‘Wow! I feel so independent. I feel so adult.’ I’ve been experiencing a lot more in college than I did in the past 17 years of my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Brenda hopes she can keep having those new life experiences. But it’ll depend on whether she can afford to keep getting the education she never even dreamed of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Brenda H. almost didn’t make it to her first day of college. She tried to apply for financial aid through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) four times, but encountered glitch after glitch — including a widespread bug that impacted students whose parents or spouses don’t have Social Security numbers. Brenda’s parents are both undocumented, which is why Brenda requested we keep their last name out of this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until her fifth attempt this spring that Brenda was finally able to submit her FAFSA. The delay meant she committed to a college — California State University, Northridge — without knowing if she could afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was entering college blind,” she says as she thinks back to that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her financial aid package finally came, she says she was speechless. “My mouth dropped to the floor.” There were only a few weeks left before school started, and her award offer was much lower than she had planned for. “I was mad at FAFSA,” she says. “So I went in blind, I went in confused, and I went in angry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/24/nx-s1-5121218/fafsa-college-financial-aid-gao\">\u003cu>FAFSA debacle\u003c/u>\u003c/a> has followed students like Brenda into the school year, as the repercussions of months-long delays from the last financial aid cycle continue to play out. Many colleges traditionally ask students to commit to their school by May 1, but the National College Attainment Network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/page/FAFSAtracker\">\u003cu>estimated that\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, compared to last year, about 408,000 fewer high school seniors had successfully completed their FAFSA as of that week. Some colleges responded by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/05/1242776503/college-fafsa-financial-aid\">\u003cu>pushing their commitment deadlines\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, but the delays still left Brenda, and others like her, forced to make all kinds of decisions about college without knowing how they would pay for it. Now, many of those students are fighting to stay in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Brenda, that meant scrambling to find housing nearby — a room that’s a 30-minute bus ride from campus — and making her own lunches to save money. She’s hoping to get more aid out of the next FAFSA cycle, which has again been delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education began testing this year’s form with a limited number of students on Oct. 1, the form’s traditional release date. The agency says it’s working to fix glitches and release the application to all students by Dec. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I’m wondering how I’m going to pay for the next semester’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brenda’s mom is a seamstress and her dad works for a bulk spice market. Nobody in her family has ever been to college, so she didn’t grow up thinking she’d get a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed in 11th grade, when Brenda started taking drum lessons in the basement of a local nonprofit in Downtown Los Angeles. Kid City Hope Place serves low-income students with educational programs, financial aid help and activities meant to get them excited about higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember I was so scared of the upstairs kids because they were all about college, all about [their] future. And back in junior year, I didn’t even think I would go to college,” Brenda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009019\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1182\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-800x591.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1536x1135.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kid City Hope Place helped inspire Brenda to apply to college. The organization serves low-income students with educational programs, financial aid help and activities meant to get them excited about higher education. \u003ccite>(Jonaki Mehta/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim Fabian, the project director at Kid City, jokes that their music program is just a way to draw kids to the college access program upstairs. “It actually is one of the tactics we use for some of the students who might fall between the cracks — the students that aren’t high achieving, but aren’t low achieving, and they get stuck somewhere in the middle. They just need a gentle push.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case for Brenda, who says, “I just didn’t see a future for myself. But once I started going to the [college access] program at the end of my junior year, they encouraged me to apply to college, and encouraged me to apply for the FAFSA. They encouraged me to just go for it. Like, ‘You won’t regret this.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda’s counselors told her that because her family was low-income, she would likely qualify for substantial financial aid. Excited about the prospect of going to a four-year university, Brenda forged ahead and applied to colleges last fall, and then to the FAFSA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fabian says she didn’t know what to say earlier this year when the FAFSA application process failed every single Kid City family who applied. “It felt like a broken promise,” she says. “It was impossible to not feel that guilty feeling because we’re the intermediaries that are supposed to make these dreams happen, make this possible, give you a hand, talk you through the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the delays caused Brenda anxiety, she felt better when she saw her friends from higher-income families receive enough aid to cover their education. She was certain the same would be true for her. But when Brenda’s financial aid offer finally came in July, just a few weeks before school was set to begin, “I completely panicked,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She received a Pell Grant for $970 per semester, and was offered $2,750 in federal student loans each semester. That aid amount just about covers her tuition, but she’s on her own when it comes to housing, food, books and transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Brenda did manage to cobble together enough money to start classes in the fall, she says the financial stress has made it hard to focus on her actual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me think about my future … and sometimes I’ll catch myself not focusing in class because I’m wondering how I’m going to pay for the next semester.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just an application, but a gateway to ‘a life plan’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brenda is majoring in psychology. She has struggled with her own mental health and couldn’t get the help she needed, so she wants to become a therapist to help kids like her. But she’s worried about whether she can afford to finish her degree.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Brenda says this whole experience made her realize that, for her, the FAFSA isn’t just a bureaucratic application that results in a sum of money — it’s a gateway to “a life-plan.” Had she gotten her aid package in a timely manner, she could have made a more informed decision about college, applied to scholarships and maybe the entire thing would have been less stressful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole process, everything I experienced, just traumatized me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it was frustrating to hear the form was delayed again this year, but every time she feels discouraged about paying for her education, she thinks about her 2- and 3-year-old nieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to be a role model for them. I want them to know, ‘You can go to college. You’re not bound to be like your parents, you’re not bound to be like your grandparents. You can go to college and make a name for yourself.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she waits to apply to the next FAFSA, she’s trying to stay focused on her coursework, and on her newfound independence. Recently, she stayed out past midnight for the first time, and had her first sleepover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like ‘Wow! I feel so independent. I feel so adult.’ I’ve been experiencing a lot more in college than I did in the past 17 years of my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Brenda hopes she can keep having those new life experiences. But it’ll depend on whether she can afford to keep getting the education she never even dreamed of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Department of Justice is proposing a series of sanctions against Google to ensure it can no longer monopolize the search engine market. In a filing late Tuesday night, the government laid out its framework for reining in the tech giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals include possibly putting an end to exclusive agreements Google has with companies like Apple and Samsung, and prohibiting certain kinds of data tracking. The government wrote that it’s considering “behavioral and structural” remedies that would ensure Google couldn’t use its Chrome browser or Android phone in a way that advantages its search engine, but didn’t outline what the structural remedies would be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google’s anticompetitive conduct resulted in interlocking and pernicious harms,” reads the filing. The markets Google controls, it continues, “are indispensable to the lives of all Americans, whether as individuals or as business owners, and the importance of effectively unfettering these markets and restoring competition cannot be overstated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32-page filing follows federal Judge Amit Mehta’s ruling in August that Google had acted illegally to maintain a monopoly on the search engine market. That ruling was the culmination of an antitrust lawsuit that the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/20/925736276/google-abuses-its-monopoly-power-over-search-justice-department-says-in-lawsuit\">\u003cu>filed against Google in 2020\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, which was joined by 38 state attorneys general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department accused Google of illegally orchestrating its business dealings to ensure its search engine dominated the market. After a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/12/1198558372/doj-google-monopoly-antitrust-trial-search-engine\">\u003cu>10-week trial last fall\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, Mehta ruled in favor of the Justice Department. Google has said it will appeal this decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s filing on Tuesday is its initial set of proposals to seek remedies against Google. In the filing, the Justice Department said it intends to go through court-ordered discovery for further evidence to support its stance. It will file a more refined framework in November and Google will have a chance to propose its own remedies in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/public-policy/doj-search-remedies-framework/\">blog post\u003c/a> published Tuesday night, Google’s vice president of global affairs, Lee-Anne Mulholland, wrote, “We are concerned the DOJ is already signaling requests that go far beyond the specific legal issues in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulholland appears to be interpreting the government’s filing as calling for the breakup of Google’s Chrome and Android businesses. She argues that those businesses have cost the company billions to develop. They are free and have open-source code that has benefited competitors and customers, she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake: Breaking them off would change their business models, raise the cost of devices, and undermine Android and Google Play in their robust competition with Apple’s iPhone and App Store,” she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a major turning point in the regulation of Big Tech. Monopolies aren’t illegal in and of themselves, but using monopoly power to maintain market dominance is against the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last antitrust case of this magnitude to make it to trial was in 1998 when the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/atr/us-v-microsoft-courts-findings-fact\">\u003cu>Justice Department sued Microsoft\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. That lawsuit centered around claims that Microsoft illegally grouped its various products together in a way that both stifled competition and compelled people to use its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge ruled in favor of the Justice Department back then, saying \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/04/business/us-vs-microsoft-overview-us-judge-says-microsoft-violated-antitrust-laws-with.html\">\u003cu>Microsoft violated antitrust laws\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and held “an oppressive thumb on the scale of competitive fortune.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last quarter of a century, tech companies have amassed enormous power and now play a crucial part in most people’s daily lives. Google’s parent Alphabet is one of the most valuable companies in the world – now worth more than $2 trillion — and the word “Google” is synonymous with searching the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company controls around \u003ca href=\"https://www.similarweb.com/engines/\">\u003cu>90% of the U.S. search engine market\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, while its closest competitors, Bing and Yahoo, each have around 3% of the market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Mehta agrees with the Justice Department and decides to put stringent limits on Google’s reach, it could have a ripple effect throughout the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What the Justice Department wants from Google\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The thrust of the Justice Department’s case against Google focused on exclusive agreements the company made with device manufacturers, like Apple and Samsung. During the trial, internal documents and witnesses revealed that Google had paid billions of dollars per year to ensure it was the default search engine on smartphones, like the iPhone, and on web browsers, like Mozilla’s Firefox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witness testimony revealed the eye-popping sums Google paid its partners. For example, in 2021 alone, Google\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/02/1248152695/google-doj-monopoly-trial-antitrust-closing-arguments\">\u003cu> spent a total of $26.3 billion on its deals\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to be the default search engine. Apple had the most lucrative partnership with Google, bringing in $18 billion from the search giant that one year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/technology/google-apple-search-spotlight.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share\">\u003cu>according to the\u003c/u>\u003cem>\u003cu> New York Times\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government argued that these exclusive agreements made it difficult for rivals to edge in and left consumers with fewer choices. Google’s lawyers argued these were agreements that the search engine’s partners chose to enter on their own accords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department wrote in its Tuesday night filing that one of the remedies it’s evaluating is limiting or prohibiting the agreements. “Fully remedying these harms requires not only ending Google’s control of distribution today but also ensuring Google cannot control the distribution of tomorrow,” the filing states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the monthslong trial last year, Google argued that its search engine is the most popular because it is the best product out there and that people prefer it. When Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai testified, he said paying billions of dollars to ensure its search is the default made sense. [aside postID=\"news_11999009,news_11986133,news_11983333\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make it very, very seamless and easy for users to use our service,” Pichai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The search engine DuckDuckGo is a much smaller rival to Google. In a \u003ca href=\"https://spreadprivacy.com/creating-enduring-competition-in-the-search-market/\">\u003cu>blog post\u003c/u>\u003c/a> last month, CEO Gabriel Weinberg wrote that restricting Google’s exclusive contracts would level the playing field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google likes to claim everyone chooses Google,” Weinberg wrote. “But most consumers don’t: They just go with the default.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its filing, the Justice Department says it is evaluating other remedies, such as controlling how much data tracking Google carries out online. The government says the tracking raises “genuine privacy concerns” that could not only harm users but “deny scale to rivals.” Additionally, the Justice Department evaluated Google’s advertising business and said it’s considering remedies that would “create more competition and lower the barriers to entry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the Justice Department and Google issue further proposals in November and December, another trial will take place next April. Mehta will also preside over that case and will hear both sides as they argue their cases for possible remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google just \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/24237832/google-monopoly-trial-ad-tech-antitrust-us-search\">\u003cu>wrapped up the bulk of another trial\u003c/u>\u003c/a> brought by the Justice Department over its advertising business, in which the government alleged that the company illegally controls ad tools for publishers and advertisers. Closing arguments for that case are expected in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has targeted several other Big Tech companies in antitrust cases. Over the past few years, it’s sued \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/26/1191099421/amazon-ftc-lawsuit-antitrust-monopoly\">\u003cu>Amazon\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/21/1239802162/apple-iphone-doj-monopoly-antitrust-lawsuit\">\u003cu>Apple\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and Facebook parent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/19/1029310979/federal-trade-commission-refiles-suit-accusing-facebook-of-illegal-monopoly\">\u003cu>Meta\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, which owns Facebook and Instagram, over business practices the government says hurt both rivals and consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its case against Google, the government used the 1998 Microsoft suit as a blueprint. Bill Kovacic, an antitrust law professor at the George Washington University Law School and a former chair of the Federal Trade Commission, told NPR in August that the Justice Department’s win against Google could pave the way for other lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It establishes a foundation for obtaining a notable remedy in this case involving Google,” he said. “And it gives momentum to the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission prosecutions of other major tech companies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: Apple Card and Apple News are among NPR’s financial supporters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Department of Justice is proposing a series of sanctions against Google to ensure it can no longer monopolize the search engine market. In a filing late Tuesday night, the government laid out its framework for reining in the tech giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals include possibly putting an end to exclusive agreements Google has with companies like Apple and Samsung, and prohibiting certain kinds of data tracking. The government wrote that it’s considering “behavioral and structural” remedies that would ensure Google couldn’t use its Chrome browser or Android phone in a way that advantages its search engine, but didn’t outline what the structural remedies would be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google’s anticompetitive conduct resulted in interlocking and pernicious harms,” reads the filing. The markets Google controls, it continues, “are indispensable to the lives of all Americans, whether as individuals or as business owners, and the importance of effectively unfettering these markets and restoring competition cannot be overstated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32-page filing follows federal Judge Amit Mehta’s ruling in August that Google had acted illegally to maintain a monopoly on the search engine market. That ruling was the culmination of an antitrust lawsuit that the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/20/925736276/google-abuses-its-monopoly-power-over-search-justice-department-says-in-lawsuit\">\u003cu>filed against Google in 2020\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, which was joined by 38 state attorneys general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department accused Google of illegally orchestrating its business dealings to ensure its search engine dominated the market. After a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/12/1198558372/doj-google-monopoly-antitrust-trial-search-engine\">\u003cu>10-week trial last fall\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, Mehta ruled in favor of the Justice Department. Google has said it will appeal this decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s filing on Tuesday is its initial set of proposals to seek remedies against Google. In the filing, the Justice Department said it intends to go through court-ordered discovery for further evidence to support its stance. It will file a more refined framework in November and Google will have a chance to propose its own remedies in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/public-policy/doj-search-remedies-framework/\">blog post\u003c/a> published Tuesday night, Google’s vice president of global affairs, Lee-Anne Mulholland, wrote, “We are concerned the DOJ is already signaling requests that go far beyond the specific legal issues in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulholland appears to be interpreting the government’s filing as calling for the breakup of Google’s Chrome and Android businesses. She argues that those businesses have cost the company billions to develop. They are free and have open-source code that has benefited competitors and customers, she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake: Breaking them off would change their business models, raise the cost of devices, and undermine Android and Google Play in their robust competition with Apple’s iPhone and App Store,” she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a major turning point in the regulation of Big Tech. Monopolies aren’t illegal in and of themselves, but using monopoly power to maintain market dominance is against the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last antitrust case of this magnitude to make it to trial was in 1998 when the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/atr/us-v-microsoft-courts-findings-fact\">\u003cu>Justice Department sued Microsoft\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. That lawsuit centered around claims that Microsoft illegally grouped its various products together in a way that both stifled competition and compelled people to use its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge ruled in favor of the Justice Department back then, saying \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/04/business/us-vs-microsoft-overview-us-judge-says-microsoft-violated-antitrust-laws-with.html\">\u003cu>Microsoft violated antitrust laws\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and held “an oppressive thumb on the scale of competitive fortune.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last quarter of a century, tech companies have amassed enormous power and now play a crucial part in most people’s daily lives. Google’s parent Alphabet is one of the most valuable companies in the world – now worth more than $2 trillion — and the word “Google” is synonymous with searching the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company controls around \u003ca href=\"https://www.similarweb.com/engines/\">\u003cu>90% of the U.S. search engine market\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, while its closest competitors, Bing and Yahoo, each have around 3% of the market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Mehta agrees with the Justice Department and decides to put stringent limits on Google’s reach, it could have a ripple effect throughout the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What the Justice Department wants from Google\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The thrust of the Justice Department’s case against Google focused on exclusive agreements the company made with device manufacturers, like Apple and Samsung. During the trial, internal documents and witnesses revealed that Google had paid billions of dollars per year to ensure it was the default search engine on smartphones, like the iPhone, and on web browsers, like Mozilla’s Firefox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witness testimony revealed the eye-popping sums Google paid its partners. For example, in 2021 alone, Google\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/02/1248152695/google-doj-monopoly-trial-antitrust-closing-arguments\">\u003cu> spent a total of $26.3 billion on its deals\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to be the default search engine. Apple had the most lucrative partnership with Google, bringing in $18 billion from the search giant that one year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/technology/google-apple-search-spotlight.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share\">\u003cu>according to the\u003c/u>\u003cem>\u003cu> New York Times\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government argued that these exclusive agreements made it difficult for rivals to edge in and left consumers with fewer choices. Google’s lawyers argued these were agreements that the search engine’s partners chose to enter on their own accords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department wrote in its Tuesday night filing that one of the remedies it’s evaluating is limiting or prohibiting the agreements. “Fully remedying these harms requires not only ending Google’s control of distribution today but also ensuring Google cannot control the distribution of tomorrow,” the filing states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the monthslong trial last year, Google argued that its search engine is the most popular because it is the best product out there and that people prefer it. When Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai testified, he said paying billions of dollars to ensure its search is the default made sense. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make it very, very seamless and easy for users to use our service,” Pichai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The search engine DuckDuckGo is a much smaller rival to Google. In a \u003ca href=\"https://spreadprivacy.com/creating-enduring-competition-in-the-search-market/\">\u003cu>blog post\u003c/u>\u003c/a> last month, CEO Gabriel Weinberg wrote that restricting Google’s exclusive contracts would level the playing field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google likes to claim everyone chooses Google,” Weinberg wrote. “But most consumers don’t: They just go with the default.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its filing, the Justice Department says it is evaluating other remedies, such as controlling how much data tracking Google carries out online. The government says the tracking raises “genuine privacy concerns” that could not only harm users but “deny scale to rivals.” Additionally, the Justice Department evaluated Google’s advertising business and said it’s considering remedies that would “create more competition and lower the barriers to entry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the Justice Department and Google issue further proposals in November and December, another trial will take place next April. Mehta will also preside over that case and will hear both sides as they argue their cases for possible remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google just \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/24237832/google-monopoly-trial-ad-tech-antitrust-us-search\">\u003cu>wrapped up the bulk of another trial\u003c/u>\u003c/a> brought by the Justice Department over its advertising business, in which the government alleged that the company illegally controls ad tools for publishers and advertisers. Closing arguments for that case are expected in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has targeted several other Big Tech companies in antitrust cases. Over the past few years, it’s sued \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/26/1191099421/amazon-ftc-lawsuit-antitrust-monopoly\">\u003cu>Amazon\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/21/1239802162/apple-iphone-doj-monopoly-antitrust-lawsuit\">\u003cu>Apple\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and Facebook parent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/19/1029310979/federal-trade-commission-refiles-suit-accusing-facebook-of-illegal-monopoly\">\u003cu>Meta\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, which owns Facebook and Instagram, over business practices the government says hurt both rivals and consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its case against Google, the government used the 1998 Microsoft suit as a blueprint. Bill Kovacic, an antitrust law professor at the George Washington University Law School and a former chair of the Federal Trade Commission, told NPR in August that the Justice Department’s win against Google could pave the way for other lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It establishes a foundation for obtaining a notable remedy in this case involving Google,” he said. “And it gives momentum to the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission prosecutions of other major tech companies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden told reporters on Friday that he was confident the election would be free and fair, but he said he was concerned about the potential for violence if former President Donald Trump again refused to accept the will of the voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m confident it will be free and fair. I don’t know whether it’ll be peaceful,” Biden said during a surprise appearance at the White House daily briefing. “The things that Trump has said and the things that he said last time out when he didn’t like the outcome of the election were very dangerous.”[aside label=\"From the 2024 Voter Guide\" link1='https://www.kqed.org/voterguide/president,Learn about the U.S. Presidential Election' hero=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/80/2024/09/Aside-Presidential-2024-General-Election-1200x1200-1.png]Biden noted that during \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/02/nx-s1-5135675/jd-vance-tim-walz-vp-debate-fact-check\">this week’s vice presidential debate\u003c/a>, Trump’s running mate, Ohio Sen. JD Vance, would not say whether Trump would accept the outcome of the election. When asked if he and Trump would challenge the election results — even if every governor in the nation certified them — Vance demurred, saying he and Trump were “focused on the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know anything about what [Biden] said,” Trump told reporters in Georgia on Friday following the president’s remarks. “I only can hope that it’s going to be free and fair, and I think in this state it will be, and I hope in every state it will be, and I think we’re going to do very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump often links himself winning with fairness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters earlier this week, Trump said, “All I want is a fair election. That’s all. Just a fair, honest election. I hope we’re going to get that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when pressed on whether he trusts the process this year, he responded, “I’ll let you know in 33 days.” Two days later, in Michigan, Trump again lied about the results of the 2020 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We won. We won. We did win,” Trump said. “It was a rigged election. It was a rigged election. You have to tell Kamala Harris. That’s why I’m doing it again. If I’d thought I lost, I wouldn’t be doing this again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s remarks came during a week in which \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/02/nx-s1-5137303/trump-election-interference-jack-smith-immunity-jan-6\">a newly unsealed court filing\u003c/a> by special counsel Jack Smith offered perhaps the most detailed picture to date about the former president’s alleged efforts to overturn the 2020 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 165-page document, released Wednesday by the U.S. District judge presiding over the case, says that after Trump lost in 2020, he “resorted to crimes to try to stay in office” and “launched a series of increasingly desperate plans to overturn election results in seven states he had lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Biden noted that during \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/02/nx-s1-5135675/jd-vance-tim-walz-vp-debate-fact-check\">this week’s vice presidential debate\u003c/a>, Trump’s running mate, Ohio Sen. JD Vance, would not say whether Trump would accept the outcome of the election. When asked if he and Trump would challenge the election results — even if every governor in the nation certified them — Vance demurred, saying he and Trump were “focused on the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know anything about what [Biden] said,” Trump told reporters in Georgia on Friday following the president’s remarks. “I only can hope that it’s going to be free and fair, and I think in this state it will be, and I hope in every state it will be, and I think we’re going to do very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump often links himself winning with fairness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters earlier this week, Trump said, “All I want is a fair election. That’s all. Just a fair, honest election. I hope we’re going to get that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when pressed on whether he trusts the process this year, he responded, “I’ll let you know in 33 days.” Two days later, in Michigan, Trump again lied about the results of the 2020 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We won. We won. We did win,” Trump said. “It was a rigged election. It was a rigged election. You have to tell Kamala Harris. That’s why I’m doing it again. If I’d thought I lost, I wouldn’t be doing this again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s remarks came during a week in which \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/02/nx-s1-5137303/trump-election-interference-jack-smith-immunity-jan-6\">a newly unsealed court filing\u003c/a> by special counsel Jack Smith offered perhaps the most detailed picture to date about the former president’s alleged efforts to overturn the 2020 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 165-page document, released Wednesday by the U.S. District judge presiding over the case, says that after Trump lost in 2020, he “resorted to crimes to try to stay in office” and “launched a series of increasingly desperate plans to overturn election results in seven states he had lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Getting the COVID Vaccine During Pregnancy Protects Newborns From Hospitalization",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 90% of babies who had to be hospitalized for COVID-19 had mothers who didn’t get the vaccine during pregnancy, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7338a1.htm?s_cid=mm7338a1_w\">\u003cu>new data\u003c/u>\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies too young to be vaccinated had the highest COVID-19 hospitalization rate of any age group except people over 75.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infants can’t get vaccinated against COVID-19 until they are at least six months old. That leaves a “huge window” when infants are most vulnerable, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/providers/neil-silverman\">\u003cu>Dr. Neil Silverman\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/obgyn/maternal-fetal-medicine/clinical-programs/infectious-diseases-pregnancy\">\u003cu>Infectious Disease in Pregnancy\u003c/u>\u003c/a> program at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only effective protection for babies during those six months comes from vaccinating pregnant women, so they pass the antibodies on to their newborns. Vaccination during pregnancy also protects pregnant people from contracting severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study underscores the critical importance of vaccinating pregnant people. It also echoes what physicians have anecdotally reported for more than three years – people are still skeptical of COVID-19 vaccines due to persistent misinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study drew upon medical data in 12 states, collected between October 2022 and April 2024. The findings appear in the agency publication \u003cem>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report \u003c/em>(\u003cem>MMWR\u003c/em>).\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1,470 infants sick enough to be hospitalized due to COVID-19, severe outcomes occurred “frequently,” according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding newborns hospitalized at birth, about 1 in 5 infants hospitalized with COVID-19 required intensive care, and nearly one in 20 required a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These aren’t necessarily high-risk, ill newborns,” Silverman said. “These are full-term, healthy newborn kids who happen to get COVID and wind up on a ventilator in the hospital.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Many pregnant patients are still hesitant despite the risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>However, persistent vaccine misinformation online has led to skepticism among his pregnant patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most frustrating response I get from folks is that they need to do more research before they think about getting the COVID vaccine,” Silverman said. “We have dozens and dozens of studies showing the safety of the mRNA vaccine. I don’t know how much more research we can provide to skeptics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 1,000 babies hospitalized with COVID-19, the median age was just 2 months old, according to the report. Nine of the infants died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Carolina pediatrician \u003ca href=\"https://palmettopediatric.com/downtown-office.php\">\u003cu>Deborah Greenhouse\u003c/u>\u003c/a> said she plans to share the study with families she cares for. “There absolutely is a proportion of the population who will look at this and say, wow, I should get that vaccine. It could protect my baby,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that it might help to convince some parents when you can actually show them hospitalization numbers, and you can show them intensive care numbers, and you can show them mechanical ventilation numbers, those things are a big deal,” Greenhouse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Doctors should stock the shots and talk about it\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Often, Greenhouse waits to confirm that a parent in her office is pregnant before discussing the updated COVID-19 shot. Now she’s rethinking that strategy and may try talking about vaccination with \u003cem>all \u003c/em>parents when they bring their kids to appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity to intervene and to do some education and make them understand how important this is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians can encourage vaccination by making it as easy and simple as possible, Silverman said. He encouraged fellow doctors to offer the shots in their offices rather than sending patients out to pharmacies or other health care providers.[aside postID=\"news_12001396,news_12000297,news_11977786\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lose probably 30 to 40% of vaccination opportunities once someone has to leave the office to get a vaccine,” Silverman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, offering COVID-19 shots in their clinics may force some doctors to undertake a \u003ca href=\"https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/covid-vaccine-pediatricians-low-stockpile-managing-cost/\">\u003cu>difficult calculation\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If doctors overestimate how many patients will be interested in the vaccine, they may be unable to return all their excess doses and could lose money. On the other hand, they want enough doses on hand to vaccinate all the vulnerable patients who want the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article comes from NPR’s health reporting partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://kffhealthnews.org/\">\u003cem>\u003cu>KFF Health News\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 90% of babies who had to be hospitalized for COVID-19 had mothers who didn’t get the vaccine during pregnancy, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7338a1.htm?s_cid=mm7338a1_w\">\u003cu>new data\u003c/u>\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies too young to be vaccinated had the highest COVID-19 hospitalization rate of any age group except people over 75.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infants can’t get vaccinated against COVID-19 until they are at least six months old. That leaves a “huge window” when infants are most vulnerable, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/providers/neil-silverman\">\u003cu>Dr. Neil Silverman\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/obgyn/maternal-fetal-medicine/clinical-programs/infectious-diseases-pregnancy\">\u003cu>Infectious Disease in Pregnancy\u003c/u>\u003c/a> program at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only effective protection for babies during those six months comes from vaccinating pregnant women, so they pass the antibodies on to their newborns. Vaccination during pregnancy also protects pregnant people from contracting severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study underscores the critical importance of vaccinating pregnant people. It also echoes what physicians have anecdotally reported for more than three years – people are still skeptical of COVID-19 vaccines due to persistent misinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study drew upon medical data in 12 states, collected between October 2022 and April 2024. The findings appear in the agency publication \u003cem>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report \u003c/em>(\u003cem>MMWR\u003c/em>).\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1,470 infants sick enough to be hospitalized due to COVID-19, severe outcomes occurred “frequently,” according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding newborns hospitalized at birth, about 1 in 5 infants hospitalized with COVID-19 required intensive care, and nearly one in 20 required a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These aren’t necessarily high-risk, ill newborns,” Silverman said. “These are full-term, healthy newborn kids who happen to get COVID and wind up on a ventilator in the hospital.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Many pregnant patients are still hesitant despite the risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>However, persistent vaccine misinformation online has led to skepticism among his pregnant patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most frustrating response I get from folks is that they need to do more research before they think about getting the COVID vaccine,” Silverman said. “We have dozens and dozens of studies showing the safety of the mRNA vaccine. I don’t know how much more research we can provide to skeptics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 1,000 babies hospitalized with COVID-19, the median age was just 2 months old, according to the report. Nine of the infants died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Carolina pediatrician \u003ca href=\"https://palmettopediatric.com/downtown-office.php\">\u003cu>Deborah Greenhouse\u003c/u>\u003c/a> said she plans to share the study with families she cares for. “There absolutely is a proportion of the population who will look at this and say, wow, I should get that vaccine. It could protect my baby,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that it might help to convince some parents when you can actually show them hospitalization numbers, and you can show them intensive care numbers, and you can show them mechanical ventilation numbers, those things are a big deal,” Greenhouse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Doctors should stock the shots and talk about it\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Often, Greenhouse waits to confirm that a parent in her office is pregnant before discussing the updated COVID-19 shot. Now she’s rethinking that strategy and may try talking about vaccination with \u003cem>all \u003c/em>parents when they bring their kids to appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity to intervene and to do some education and make them understand how important this is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians can encourage vaccination by making it as easy and simple as possible, Silverman said. He encouraged fellow doctors to offer the shots in their offices rather than sending patients out to pharmacies or other health care providers.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lose probably 30 to 40% of vaccination opportunities once someone has to leave the office to get a vaccine,” Silverman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, offering COVID-19 shots in their clinics may force some doctors to undertake a \u003ca href=\"https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/covid-vaccine-pediatricians-low-stockpile-managing-cost/\">\u003cu>difficult calculation\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If doctors overestimate how many patients will be interested in the vaccine, they may be unable to return all their excess doses and could lose money. On the other hand, they want enough doses on hand to vaccinate all the vulnerable patients who want the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article comes from NPR’s health reporting partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://kffhealthnews.org/\">\u003cem>\u003cu>KFF Health News\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>States that passed anti-transgender laws aimed at minors saw suicide attempts by transgender and gender nonconforming teenagers increase by as much as 72% in the following years, a new study by \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/\">The Trevor Project\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peer-reviewed study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01979-5\">published Thursday\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Nature Human Behavior\u003c/em>, looked at survey data from young people in 19 states, comparing rates of suicide attempts before and after bans passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past few years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/07/03/nx-s1-4986385/trans-kids-health-bans-gender-affirming-care\">d\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/07/03/nx-s1-4986385/trans-kids-health-bans-gender-affirming-care\">ozens of states\u003c/a> have passed laws affecting how transgender young people do things like play sports, go to the bathroom at school, and access gender-affirming medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s findings are not theoretical for some families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know my child is dead,” Kentucky Senator Karen Berg \u003ca href=\"https://ket.org/legislature/archives/2023/regular/senate-chambers-200833\">says at the statehouse\u003c/a> during the debate over that state’s anti-trans bill in February 2023. Her transgender son had died by suicide two months earlier at age 24. “Your vote yes on this bill means one of two things: either you believe that trans children do not exist, or you believe that trans children do not deserve to exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anti-trans bill in Kentucky passed, at least 26 other states now have \u003ca href=\"https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps\">similar laws on the books\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these laws were being enacted, there was already a lot of research showing a strong association between anti-transgender policies and negative mental health outcomes, explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research/\">Ronita Nath\u003c/a>. She runs research at The Trevor Project, which offers 24–7 crisis services to LGBTQ+ youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and supporters of these laws argued that the evidence of negative mental health effects was weak, she says. “So we clearly knew we needed to very firmly establish causality, and that’s why we really prioritized this research,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they gathered data from transgender and nonbinary young people aged 13–24 from all over the country. “We do social media ads,” Nath says. “Once we reach our sample size in California or New York, we shut those ads down, and we amplify the ads in these harder-to-reach states, let’s say Wyoming or Idaho.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Nath and her colleagues used a sample of 61,240 young people surveyed from 2018–2022, a period during which 19 states passed a variety of anti-trans laws. They looked to see how the rate of attempted suicides in the previous year changed for residents of those states after the laws were passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found a very sharp and statistically significant rise in suicide attempt rates after enactment of the laws,” she says. A small rise was seen in a state soon after laws were enacted, followed by a sharper rise two or three years later. Among 13–17-year-olds, two years after a law took effect, the likelihood of a past-year suicide attempt was 72% higher than it was before passage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nath notes a randomized control trial would not be possible for this kind of research since you can’t randomly assign someone to live in one state or another. Instead, they analyzed the survey data for each state over time, comparing rates before and after laws were passed. The analysis took months, she says, and controlled for a variety of potentially confounding factors in order to isolate the impact of these laws on past-year suicide attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"arts_13958699,arts_13926077,news_11995853\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To see these numbers after everything was taken into account and the model still held — it’s terrifying,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study is the first of its kind, Nath adds. “These findings demonstrate that — regardless of a person’s political beliefs — if you live in a state that has passed an anti-transgender law, transgender, nonbinary young people in your home state are significantly more likely to attempt to take their own life,” she says. “This is the reality for these young people, and it’s not acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associate Professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/profile/brittany-charlton/\">Brittany Charlton\u003c/a> of Harvard Medical School, who wasn’t involved with the study, finds it impressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study is just so important,” she says. “It’s contributing to the growing body of evidence that demonstrates that these discriminatory anti-LGBTQ policies have harmful effects on health.” It does so convincingly, she says, with a large sample size and strong research methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nath adds that none of this is inevitable. “Trans and nonbinary young people are not inherently prone to increased suicide risk because of their gender identity,” she says. “They are placed at higher risk because of how they’re mistreated and stigmatized by others, including by the implementation of discriminatory policies like the ones examined in the study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-header \">\n\u003cp>She says future research will explore data from 2023, which saw the largest number of anti-trans state bills to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or is in crisis, call or text 9-8-8 to reach the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\">\u003cem>Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>States that passed anti-transgender laws aimed at minors saw suicide attempts by transgender and gender nonconforming teenagers increase by as much as 72% in the following years, a new study by \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/\">The Trevor Project\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peer-reviewed study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01979-5\">published Thursday\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Nature Human Behavior\u003c/em>, looked at survey data from young people in 19 states, comparing rates of suicide attempts before and after bans passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past few years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/07/03/nx-s1-4986385/trans-kids-health-bans-gender-affirming-care\">d\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/07/03/nx-s1-4986385/trans-kids-health-bans-gender-affirming-care\">ozens of states\u003c/a> have passed laws affecting how transgender young people do things like play sports, go to the bathroom at school, and access gender-affirming medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s findings are not theoretical for some families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know my child is dead,” Kentucky Senator Karen Berg \u003ca href=\"https://ket.org/legislature/archives/2023/regular/senate-chambers-200833\">says at the statehouse\u003c/a> during the debate over that state’s anti-trans bill in February 2023. Her transgender son had died by suicide two months earlier at age 24. “Your vote yes on this bill means one of two things: either you believe that trans children do not exist, or you believe that trans children do not deserve to exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anti-trans bill in Kentucky passed, at least 26 other states now have \u003ca href=\"https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps\">similar laws on the books\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these laws were being enacted, there was already a lot of research showing a strong association between anti-transgender policies and negative mental health outcomes, explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research/\">Ronita Nath\u003c/a>. She runs research at The Trevor Project, which offers 24–7 crisis services to LGBTQ+ youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and supporters of these laws argued that the evidence of negative mental health effects was weak, she says. “So we clearly knew we needed to very firmly establish causality, and that’s why we really prioritized this research,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they gathered data from transgender and nonbinary young people aged 13–24 from all over the country. “We do social media ads,” Nath says. “Once we reach our sample size in California or New York, we shut those ads down, and we amplify the ads in these harder-to-reach states, let’s say Wyoming or Idaho.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Nath and her colleagues used a sample of 61,240 young people surveyed from 2018–2022, a period during which 19 states passed a variety of anti-trans laws. They looked to see how the rate of attempted suicides in the previous year changed for residents of those states after the laws were passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found a very sharp and statistically significant rise in suicide attempt rates after enactment of the laws,” she says. A small rise was seen in a state soon after laws were enacted, followed by a sharper rise two or three years later. Among 13–17-year-olds, two years after a law took effect, the likelihood of a past-year suicide attempt was 72% higher than it was before passage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nath notes a randomized control trial would not be possible for this kind of research since you can’t randomly assign someone to live in one state or another. Instead, they analyzed the survey data for each state over time, comparing rates before and after laws were passed. The analysis took months, she says, and controlled for a variety of potentially confounding factors in order to isolate the impact of these laws on past-year suicide attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To see these numbers after everything was taken into account and the model still held — it’s terrifying,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study is the first of its kind, Nath adds. “These findings demonstrate that — regardless of a person’s political beliefs — if you live in a state that has passed an anti-transgender law, transgender, nonbinary young people in your home state are significantly more likely to attempt to take their own life,” she says. “This is the reality for these young people, and it’s not acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associate Professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/profile/brittany-charlton/\">Brittany Charlton\u003c/a> of Harvard Medical School, who wasn’t involved with the study, finds it impressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study is just so important,” she says. “It’s contributing to the growing body of evidence that demonstrates that these discriminatory anti-LGBTQ policies have harmful effects on health.” It does so convincingly, she says, with a large sample size and strong research methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nath adds that none of this is inevitable. “Trans and nonbinary young people are not inherently prone to increased suicide risk because of their gender identity,” she says. “They are placed at higher risk because of how they’re mistreated and stigmatized by others, including by the implementation of discriminatory policies like the ones examined in the study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-header \">\n\u003cp>She says future research will explore data from 2023, which saw the largest number of anti-trans state bills to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or is in crisis, call or text 9-8-8 to reach the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\">\u003cem>Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California's First Plastic Bag Ban Made Things Worse. Now It's Trying Again",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ten years after California approved a plastic bag ban that’s been blamed for making its plastic bag problem worse, the state is banning single-use plastic grocery bags entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, California became the first state to pass a plastic bag ban. It’s one of at least 12 states that now have some form of ban on single-use plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of a loophole in its initial ban that allowed grocers to charge for thicker plastic bags, California still dumped 231,072 tons of plastic grocery and merchandise bags in landfills in 2021, according to the state’s recycling agency, CalRecycle. That was a sharp increase from the year the ban took effect — and nearly 100,000 more tons than in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials are saying that there’s a perception that plastics — especially plastic bags — can be easily recycled. But they say that this is not the reality and that consumers have been deceived for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CalRecycle has not identified facilities that recycle plastic bags in the state of California,” the agency told NPR this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/23/nx-s1-5123619/california-sues-exxonmobil-for-misleading-public-on-plastic-recycling\">filed a suit \u003c/a>on Sunday alleging that ExxonMobil promoted recycling while knowing that it was technically and economically challenging and wouldn’t make much of a dent in the plastic waste problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a rundown of California’s new ban and similar measures:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why did California’s initial bag ban backfire?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s ban on thin single-use bags had a loophole that let grocers sell shoppers thicker plastic bags for a small fee: just 10 cents. In theory, the heavier bags were reusable. But in practice, they became a more substantial form of waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A plastic bag has an average lifespan of 12 minutes and then it is discarded, afflicting our environment with toxic microplastics that fester in our oceans and landfills for up to 1,000 years,” Sen. Catherine Blakespear, an author of the new ban, said in \u003ca href=\"https://sd38.senate.ca.gov/news/governor-signs-legislation-ban-plastic-bags-grocery-store-checkouts\">a news release\u003c/a> issued after Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the ban into law on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial ban was also undermined by the COVID-19 pandemic. When it was still unknown how the coronavirus spread, shoppers were barred from bringing reusable bags into grocery stores out of fear that their bags might be contaminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California kind of took one for the team as the first to pass a statewide ban on plastic bags,” Melissa Valliant, communications director for the advocacy group Beyond Plastics, told NPR. “It ended up providing a lesson for other state and even local governments to learn from and to not allow loopholes like thicker plastic bags.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does the new California law do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting on Jan. 1, 2026, customers at most grocery stores, convenience stores, and other retailers will have three main options: Pay at least 10 cents for a paper bag; use a reusable bag; or hand-carry their purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stores may offer paper bags at the point-of-sale, and they can also sell the canvas-style reusable bags in other areas of the store,” Nate Rose of the California Grocers Association, which supports the new ban, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the bags many shoppers are already accustomed to bringing with them to carry their groceries,” Rose added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And starting in 2028, stores’ paper bags will be required to be composed of at least 50% postconsumer recycled materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 70 organizations supported the legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/politics/these-are-the-2024-california-bills-gavin-newsom-has-signed-into-law-and-the-ones-he-has-vetoed\">member station LAist reports\u003c/a>, saying it “would prevent plastic waste, which releases toxic chemicals into the air, water and soil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006491\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006491\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"991\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-800x496.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1020x632.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1536x951.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s attorney general, Rob Bonta, has filed a lawsuit against ExxonMobil, alleging that the oil and gas corporation misled consumers by telling them that recycling was a viable solution for plastic waste. In 2021, some 231,072 tons of plastic grocery and merchandise bags went to landfills, according to the state’s recycling agency, CalRecycle. \u003ccite>(Muhammad Owais Khan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What’s so bad about plastic bags?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite industry claims about their recyclability, the thin bags are notoriously difficult and expensive to process and recycle. Instead, they often wind up in landfills, where they will persist for centuries, or in incinerators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a sense of the scale of the problem, consider Philadelphia. An evaluation commissioned by the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.phila.gov/media/20230428110156/PlasticBagBanReportApril2023.pdf\">said last year (PDF)\u003c/a> that in Philadelphia, “an estimated 1 billion single-use disposable plastic bags are used annually,” adding to waste, litter and emissions challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Municipal systems, the evaluation stated, “are unable to recycle plastic bags and the soft material causes equipment jamming at recycling centers, leading to dangerous and costly repairs that account for 150 hours of lost staff time and $300,000 in city costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, restrictions like bag bans “can be expected to eliminate almost 300 single-use plastic bags per person per year, on average,” according to an analysis by Environment America and the U.S. PIRG Education Fund that was \u003ca href=\"https://publicinterestnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Plastic-Bag-Bans-Work-January-2024.pdf\">published in January (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does the plastic industry say?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bag manufacturers are against bans on their products and they insist that the thin plastic film bag, made of polyethylene, makes more sense than the alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A polyethylene bag is 100% recyclable and can be recycled into itself, is produced with low carbon emissions, and the PE is made domestically from natural gas,” a general manager of bag supplier Crown Poly \u003ca href=\"https://bagalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FCR-NJ-Plastic-Retail-Bag-Demand-1.pdf\">said in a 2023 report (PDF)\u003c/a> prepared by Freedonia Custom Research on behalf of an industry group, the American Recyclable Plastic Bag Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Conversely, PP [polypropylene] bags are produced overseas and imported, produce higher emissions than film bags, and are not recyclable. In fact, 99% of PP is virgin and does not contain post-consumer recycled material,” the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note: While single-use bags can technically be recycled, it’s not an easy or cost-effective process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent they get recycled, a lot of polyethylene plastics get turned into low-grade materials. You can’t take a plastic bag and then make another plastic bag with the same properties out of it,” chemistry researcher John Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/nx-s1-5123535/as%20John%20Hartwig,%20UC%20Berkeley%E2%80%99s%20Henry%20Rapoport%20Chair%20in%20Organic%20Chemistry.\">said in 2022\u003c/a>, as he worked on ways to reuse the ubiquitous material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Recyclable Plastic Bag Alliance and another industry group, the Plastics Industry Association, did not respond to NPR’s request for comment on the new California ban before this story was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006492\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006492\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman loads groceries in plastic bags into her car at a Safeway store on March 28, 2007 in San Francisco. The Board of Supervisors in San Francisco approved groundbreaking legislation to outlaw plastic checkout bags at large supermarkets in about 6 months and large chain pharmacies in about a year. The ordinance is the first such law in any city in the US and has been drawing global scrutiny this week. \u003ccite>(David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Should people just use paper bags?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When bans on single-use plastic bags haven’t also included a fee on paper bags, their use has soared. In Portland, Ore., for instance, paper bag use \u003ca href=\"https://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/2012/10/portland_needs_to_expand_the_p.html\">shot up by nearly 500%\u003c/a> after the city enacted a ban (and before the state imposed its own ban with a fee for paper alternatives).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12005945,science_1994014,news_11936511\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar dynamic has played out in Philadelphia, where the proportion of supermarket shoppers using at least one paper bag tripled after a plastic-bag ban took effect without a fee for paper. A recent bid to \u003ca href=\"https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/philadelphia-plastic-bag-ban-paper-bag-fee-2024.html#:~:text=A%20month%20ago%2C%20Philadelphia%20City,imposed%20citywide%20plastic%20bag%20ban.\">tack on a 15-cent fee for paper bags\u003c/a> was axed by a pocket veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paper bags are easier to recycle than plastic, and more degradable. But environmental advocates want retailers and shoppers to move away from single-use bags of any type. They argue that a few minutes of convenience isn’t enough to justify cumbersome networks of bag collection, processing and production needed to recycle single-use bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole goal is to get people to switch from disposable options — especially plastic, but disposable options altogether — to reusable and refillable options,” Valliant said. “Because ultimately that is going to be the most sustainable and the best for both environment and human health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which 12 states have banned plastic bags?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2024, Colorado and Rhode Island enacted statewide bans on single-use plastic bags, joining 10 states that already had restrictions in place: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At their core, such bans are attempts to shift responsibility for plastic waste from consumers upstream — to retailers and, by extension, plastic producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same week California’s new ban became law, the state opened another front in its battle with plastic waste by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/23/nx-s1-5123619/california-sues-exxonmobil-for-misleading-public-on-plastic-recycling\">filing a lawsuit against oil and gas giant ExxonMobil,\u003c/a> a leading producer of the polymers used to make single-use plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades, ExxonMobil has been deceiving the public to convince us that plastic recycling could solve the plastic waste and pollution crisis when they clearly knew this wasn’t possible,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/23/nx-s1-5123619/california-sues-exxonmobil-for-misleading-public-on-plastic-recycling\">said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta accused ExxonMobil of profiting from “convincing consumers that they were responsible for the proliferation of plastic waste through their own personal habits, rather than through Mobil’s and Exxon’s efforts to produce an increasing number of plastic products designed for single-use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California became the first state to pass a plastic bag ban in 2014, but it's been blamed for making the problem worse. The state is now banning single-use plastic grocery bags entirely.\r\n\r\n",
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"title": "California's First Plastic Bag Ban Made Things Worse. Now It's Trying Again | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ten years after California approved a plastic bag ban that’s been blamed for making its plastic bag problem worse, the state is banning single-use plastic grocery bags entirely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, California became the first state to pass a plastic bag ban. It’s one of at least 12 states that now have some form of ban on single-use plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But because of a loophole in its initial ban that allowed grocers to charge for thicker plastic bags, California still dumped 231,072 tons of plastic grocery and merchandise bags in landfills in 2021, according to the state’s recycling agency, CalRecycle. That was a sharp increase from the year the ban took effect — and nearly 100,000 more tons than in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California officials are saying that there’s a perception that plastics — especially plastic bags — can be easily recycled. But they say that this is not the reality and that consumers have been deceived for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CalRecycle has not identified facilities that recycle plastic bags in the state of California,” the agency told NPR this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/23/nx-s1-5123619/california-sues-exxonmobil-for-misleading-public-on-plastic-recycling\">filed a suit \u003c/a>on Sunday alleging that ExxonMobil promoted recycling while knowing that it was technically and economically challenging and wouldn’t make much of a dent in the plastic waste problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a rundown of California’s new ban and similar measures:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why did California’s initial bag ban backfire?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s ban on thin single-use bags had a loophole that let grocers sell shoppers thicker plastic bags for a small fee: just 10 cents. In theory, the heavier bags were reusable. But in practice, they became a more substantial form of waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A plastic bag has an average lifespan of 12 minutes and then it is discarded, afflicting our environment with toxic microplastics that fester in our oceans and landfills for up to 1,000 years,” Sen. Catherine Blakespear, an author of the new ban, said in \u003ca href=\"https://sd38.senate.ca.gov/news/governor-signs-legislation-ban-plastic-bags-grocery-store-checkouts\">a news release\u003c/a> issued after Gov. Gavin Newsom signed the ban into law on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial ban was also undermined by the COVID-19 pandemic. When it was still unknown how the coronavirus spread, shoppers were barred from bringing reusable bags into grocery stores out of fear that their bags might be contaminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California kind of took one for the team as the first to pass a statewide ban on plastic bags,” Melissa Valliant, communications director for the advocacy group Beyond Plastics, told NPR. “It ended up providing a lesson for other state and even local governments to learn from and to not allow loopholes like thicker plastic bags.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does the new California law do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Starting on Jan. 1, 2026, customers at most grocery stores, convenience stores, and other retailers will have three main options: Pay at least 10 cents for a paper bag; use a reusable bag; or hand-carry their purchase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stores may offer paper bags at the point-of-sale, and they can also sell the canvas-style reusable bags in other areas of the store,” Nate Rose of the California Grocers Association, which supports the new ban, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the bags many shoppers are already accustomed to bringing with them to carry their groceries,” Rose added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And starting in 2028, stores’ paper bags will be required to be composed of at least 50% postconsumer recycled materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 70 organizations supported the legislation, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/politics/these-are-the-2024-california-bills-gavin-newsom-has-signed-into-law-and-the-ones-he-has-vetoed\">member station LAist reports\u003c/a>, saying it “would prevent plastic waste, which releases toxic chemicals into the air, water and soil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006491\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006491\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"991\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-800x496.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1020x632.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-160x99.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1536x951.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s attorney general, Rob Bonta, has filed a lawsuit against ExxonMobil, alleging that the oil and gas corporation misled consumers by telling them that recycling was a viable solution for plastic waste. In 2021, some 231,072 tons of plastic grocery and merchandise bags went to landfills, according to the state’s recycling agency, CalRecycle. \u003ccite>(Muhammad Owais Khan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What’s so bad about plastic bags?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite industry claims about their recyclability, the thin bags are notoriously difficult and expensive to process and recycle. Instead, they often wind up in landfills, where they will persist for centuries, or in incinerators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a sense of the scale of the problem, consider Philadelphia. An evaluation commissioned by the city \u003ca href=\"https://www.phila.gov/media/20230428110156/PlasticBagBanReportApril2023.pdf\">said last year (PDF)\u003c/a> that in Philadelphia, “an estimated 1 billion single-use disposable plastic bags are used annually,” adding to waste, litter and emissions challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Municipal systems, the evaluation stated, “are unable to recycle plastic bags and the soft material causes equipment jamming at recycling centers, leading to dangerous and costly repairs that account for 150 hours of lost staff time and $300,000 in city costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, restrictions like bag bans “can be expected to eliminate almost 300 single-use plastic bags per person per year, on average,” according to an analysis by Environment America and the U.S. PIRG Education Fund that was \u003ca href=\"https://publicinterestnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/Plastic-Bag-Bans-Work-January-2024.pdf\">published in January (PDF)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What does the plastic industry say?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bag manufacturers are against bans on their products and they insist that the thin plastic film bag, made of polyethylene, makes more sense than the alternatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A polyethylene bag is 100% recyclable and can be recycled into itself, is produced with low carbon emissions, and the PE is made domestically from natural gas,” a general manager of bag supplier Crown Poly \u003ca href=\"https://bagalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/FCR-NJ-Plastic-Retail-Bag-Demand-1.pdf\">said in a 2023 report (PDF)\u003c/a> prepared by Freedonia Custom Research on behalf of an industry group, the American Recyclable Plastic Bag Alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Conversely, PP [polypropylene] bags are produced overseas and imported, produce higher emissions than film bags, and are not recyclable. In fact, 99% of PP is virgin and does not contain post-consumer recycled material,” the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note: While single-use bags can technically be recycled, it’s not an easy or cost-effective process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent they get recycled, a lot of polyethylene plastics get turned into low-grade materials. You can’t take a plastic bag and then make another plastic bag with the same properties out of it,” chemistry researcher John Hartwig of the University of California, Berkeley \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/nx-s1-5123535/as%20John%20Hartwig,%20UC%20Berkeley%E2%80%99s%20Henry%20Rapoport%20Chair%20in%20Organic%20Chemistry.\">said in 2022\u003c/a>, as he worked on ways to reuse the ubiquitous material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Recyclable Plastic Bag Alliance and another industry group, the Plastics Industry Association, did not respond to NPR’s request for comment on the new California ban before this story was published.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12006492\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12006492\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman loads groceries in plastic bags into her car at a Safeway store on March 28, 2007 in San Francisco. The Board of Supervisors in San Francisco approved groundbreaking legislation to outlaw plastic checkout bags at large supermarkets in about 6 months and large chain pharmacies in about a year. The ordinance is the first such law in any city in the US and has been drawing global scrutiny this week. \u003ccite>(David Paul Morris/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Should people just use paper bags?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When bans on single-use plastic bags haven’t also included a fee on paper bags, their use has soared. In Portland, Ore., for instance, paper bag use \u003ca href=\"https://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/2012/10/portland_needs_to_expand_the_p.html\">shot up by nearly 500%\u003c/a> after the city enacted a ban (and before the state imposed its own ban with a fee for paper alternatives).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar dynamic has played out in Philadelphia, where the proportion of supermarket shoppers using at least one paper bag tripled after a plastic-bag ban took effect without a fee for paper. A recent bid to \u003ca href=\"https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia/philadelphia-plastic-bag-ban-paper-bag-fee-2024.html#:~:text=A%20month%20ago%2C%20Philadelphia%20City,imposed%20citywide%20plastic%20bag%20ban.\">tack on a 15-cent fee for paper bags\u003c/a> was axed by a pocket veto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paper bags are easier to recycle than plastic, and more degradable. But environmental advocates want retailers and shoppers to move away from single-use bags of any type. They argue that a few minutes of convenience isn’t enough to justify cumbersome networks of bag collection, processing and production needed to recycle single-use bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The whole goal is to get people to switch from disposable options — especially plastic, but disposable options altogether — to reusable and refillable options,” Valliant said. “Because ultimately that is going to be the most sustainable and the best for both environment and human health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Which 12 states have banned plastic bags?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2024, Colorado and Rhode Island enacted statewide bans on single-use plastic bags, joining 10 states that already had restrictions in place: California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Maine, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At their core, such bans are attempts to shift responsibility for plastic waste from consumers upstream — to retailers and, by extension, plastic producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same week California’s new ban became law, the state opened another front in its battle with plastic waste by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/23/nx-s1-5123619/california-sues-exxonmobil-for-misleading-public-on-plastic-recycling\">filing a lawsuit against oil and gas giant ExxonMobil,\u003c/a> a leading producer of the polymers used to make single-use plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For decades, ExxonMobil has been deceiving the public to convince us that plastic recycling could solve the plastic waste and pollution crisis when they clearly knew this wasn’t possible,” California Attorney General Rob Bonta \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/23/nx-s1-5123619/california-sues-exxonmobil-for-misleading-public-on-plastic-recycling\">said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonta accused ExxonMobil of profiting from “convincing consumers that they were responsible for the proliferation of plastic waste through their own personal habits, rather than through Mobil’s and Exxon’s efforts to produce an increasing number of plastic products designed for single-use.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A boy who was abducted from a California park in 1951 has been found alive and well on the East Coast thanks to DNA testing and the persistent efforts of his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luis Armando Albino was just 6 years old when he was kidnapped from the Oakland park where he had been playing with his older brother, lured by a woman who promised to buy him candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, she “transported him out of state and eventually to the East Coast,” the Oakland Police Department (OPD) told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and federal authorities searched extensively for Albino in the wake of his disappearance but couldn’t find him or his remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the while, his mother, Antonia Albino — who had moved the family from their native Puerto Rico just the year before — never gave up hope that he was alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She visited the police’s missing person bureau to press for information almost daily at first, then weekly, then monthly, and eventually annually, according to the \u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em>, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/09/20/oakland-boy-kidnapped-1951-found-alive-new-york/\">first reported the news\u003c/a> of his discovery last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family renewed their search 15 years after the kidnapping when Albino would have been 21, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/bay-area-boy-kidnapped-park-found-alive-19784249.php\">SFGATE reported\u003c/a>. They made multiple trips to Puerto Rico, where Antonia suspected her son had been taken, but turned up nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a rare situation when a boy disappears and doesn’t eventually show up — alive or dead,” Oakland police Lt. Dominic DiFraia told \u003cem>The Oakland Tribune \u003c/em>in 1966. “I’d give an awful lot to find out why.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has taken seven decades to begin to unravel that mystery. Earlier this year, long after his mother had died and his case had grown cold, it was Albino’s niece who finally tracked him down.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>DNA tests and newspaper clippings led investigators out east\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Alida Alequin, 63, knew she had a missing uncle because her family talked about it. Her late grandmother always kept a newspaper clipping about his abduction in her wallet and displayed his photo at their family home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alequin decided to take an online DNA test in 2020 “just for fun,” as she told the \u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the results was a 22% match with a man she had never met. The Oakland resident reached out to him but didn’t hear back or pursue it further — until earlier this year when she watched a documentary that inspired her to renew her search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alequin and her daughters searched the man’s name online, pored over microfilm of old \u003cem>Oakland Tribune \u003c/em>articles at the public library and became increasingly convinced that the man from the DNA database was their long-lost relative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OPD says she contacted their missing persons unit in March to alert them about the DNA test results and her uncle’s possible identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with new leads and technology, police reopened Albino’s case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They searched through public records of the potential match and collected DNA samples from Albino’s living siblings, with help from the California Department of Justice and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said investigators were unsuccessful in their multiple attempts to contact Albino and his family, and eventually were able to get FBI special agents dispatched to contact him at his residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI confirmed to NPR that it assisted Oakland police “by our ability to access … resources across state lines.” Authorities have not specified where Albino had been living on the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agents were eventually able to interview Albino and take a DNA sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His statements and genetics confirmed what police call “the best possible outcome”: He was indeed the boy who’d been snatched from the park 73 years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t start crying until after the investigators left,” Alequin told \u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em>. “I grabbed my mom’s hands and said, ‘We found him.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A “family reunion over 70 years in the making”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Details about Albino’s life on the East Coast are relatively scarce, and police say his case remains under investigation. They are asking anyone with information to contact the OPD \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/topics/missing-persons\">Missing Persons Unit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em> says Albino is a retired firefighter and Marine Corps veteran who served two tours of duty in Vietnam. He spent most of his life believing he was the “son of another couple,” according to \u003cem>SFGate\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Albino flew to California to meet Alequin and his other relatives. Police said the visit was arranged and funded by OPD investigators, FBI Victims Advocates and the California DOJ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an emotional moment for all parties involved and was a family reunion over 70 years in the making,” they added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alequin said her uncle hugged her, gave her a kiss on the cheek and said, “Thank you for finding me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has some memory of the abduction and his cross-country trip, she added but had never gotten answers from the adults in his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that trip, Albino reunited with his brother Roger, who had been with him on that fateful February day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alequin said the two “grabbed each other and had a really tight long hug,” then sat and talked about the kidnapping, their military service and more.[aside postID=\"news_11971374,news_11934183\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their reunion came at a bittersweet time: Roger died two months later, in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think he died happily,” Alequin said. “He was at peace with himself, knowing that his brother was found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was glad she could bring some closure to her mom and uncle and believed her grandmother — who died in 2005 — would be happy, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And who knows, with my story out there, it could help other families going through the same thing,” Alequin added. “I would say don’t give up.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She visited the police’s missing person bureau to press for information almost daily at first, then weekly, then monthly, and eventually annually, according to the \u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em>, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2024/09/20/oakland-boy-kidnapped-1951-found-alive-new-york/\">first reported the news\u003c/a> of his discovery last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family renewed their search 15 years after the kidnapping when Albino would have been 21, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/bay-area-boy-kidnapped-park-found-alive-19784249.php\">SFGATE reported\u003c/a>. They made multiple trips to Puerto Rico, where Antonia suspected her son had been taken, but turned up nothing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a rare situation when a boy disappears and doesn’t eventually show up — alive or dead,” Oakland police Lt. Dominic DiFraia told \u003cem>The Oakland Tribune \u003c/em>in 1966. “I’d give an awful lot to find out why.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has taken seven decades to begin to unravel that mystery. Earlier this year, long after his mother had died and his case had grown cold, it was Albino’s niece who finally tracked him down.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>DNA tests and newspaper clippings led investigators out east\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Alida Alequin, 63, knew she had a missing uncle because her family talked about it. Her late grandmother always kept a newspaper clipping about his abduction in her wallet and displayed his photo at their family home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alequin decided to take an online DNA test in 2020 “just for fun,” as she told the \u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the results was a 22% match with a man she had never met. The Oakland resident reached out to him but didn’t hear back or pursue it further — until earlier this year when she watched a documentary that inspired her to renew her search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alequin and her daughters searched the man’s name online, pored over microfilm of old \u003cem>Oakland Tribune \u003c/em>articles at the public library and became increasingly convinced that the man from the DNA database was their long-lost relative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OPD says she contacted their missing persons unit in March to alert them about the DNA test results and her uncle’s possible identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with new leads and technology, police reopened Albino’s case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They searched through public records of the potential match and collected DNA samples from Albino’s living siblings, with help from the California Department of Justice and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said investigators were unsuccessful in their multiple attempts to contact Albino and his family, and eventually were able to get FBI special agents dispatched to contact him at his residence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI confirmed to NPR that it assisted Oakland police “by our ability to access … resources across state lines.” Authorities have not specified where Albino had been living on the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agents were eventually able to interview Albino and take a DNA sample.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His statements and genetics confirmed what police call “the best possible outcome”: He was indeed the boy who’d been snatched from the park 73 years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t start crying until after the investigators left,” Alequin told \u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em>. “I grabbed my mom’s hands and said, ‘We found him.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A “family reunion over 70 years in the making”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Details about Albino’s life on the East Coast are relatively scarce, and police say his case remains under investigation. They are asking anyone with information to contact the OPD \u003ca href=\"https://www.oaklandca.gov/topics/missing-persons\">Missing Persons Unit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Mercury News\u003c/em> says Albino is a retired firefighter and Marine Corps veteran who served two tours of duty in Vietnam. He spent most of his life believing he was the “son of another couple,” according to \u003cem>SFGate\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Albino flew to California to meet Alequin and his other relatives. Police said the visit was arranged and funded by OPD investigators, FBI Victims Advocates and the California DOJ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was an emotional moment for all parties involved and was a family reunion over 70 years in the making,” they added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alequin said her uncle hugged her, gave her a kiss on the cheek and said, “Thank you for finding me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has some memory of the abduction and his cross-country trip, she added but had never gotten answers from the adults in his life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that trip, Albino reunited with his brother Roger, who had been with him on that fateful February day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alequin said the two “grabbed each other and had a really tight long hug,” then sat and talked about the kidnapping, their military service and more.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their reunion came at a bittersweet time: Roger died two months later, in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think he died happily,” Alequin said. “He was at peace with himself, knowing that his brother was found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was glad she could bring some closure to her mom and uncle and believed her grandmother — who died in 2005 — would be happy, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And who knows, with my story out there, it could help other families going through the same thing,” Alequin added. “I would say don’t give up.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Gas Stoves May Soon Come With a Tobacco-Style Health Warning Label in California",
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"content": "\u003cp>The next time you shop for a cooking stove, the gas versions might show a health warning label similar to those on tobacco products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a stove’s blue flame releases air pollution into your kitchen, California lawmakers have passed a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2513\">bill that would require such warning labels\u003c/a> on gas stoves for sale in stores and online. Gov. Gavin Newsom has until the end of September to sign the bill into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes after a series of lawsuits were filed against stove manufacturers, claiming they should have warned customers about potential health risks. \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">Environmental activists are encouraging people to switch to electric stoves as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBopt6do1M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">part of a broader campaign\u003c/a> to cut climate pollution from buildings.\u003c/span> Now, there’s an effort to put health warning labels on stoves nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A chef replaces her gas stove\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/state/pdf/State%20Appliances.pdf\">38% of U.S. homes\u003c/a> cook with natural gas, and utilities have preserved that market share with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/17/1183551603/gas-stove-utility-tobacco\">tobacco-style tactics\u003c/a> to avoid regulations on gas stoves. Part of that is a decades-old “cooking with gas” campaign that has helped gas stoves remain popular with cooks, including famous ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will say, historically, I’ve been really a snob about that,” says Samin Nosrat, who wrote the 2017 award-winning cookbook \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltfatacidheat.com/\">\u003cem>Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. She learned to cook with gas. “I just never accepted an alternative in my imagination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a few years back, she bought a house with a gas stove, and her carbon monoxide alarm kept going off when she cooked. At first, she assumed the alarm was broken and installed a new one. Finally, she called the gas company. A utility worker says that levels of the poisonous gas were “off the charts high” and that she should get checked for carbon monoxide poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004682\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1207\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-800x604.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-1020x769.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-1536x1159.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign above the Standard Gas Light Co. promotes cooking with gas. \u003ccite>(Schenectady Museum Association/Corbis via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nosrat was fine but says, “I really didn’t feel safe. I just always had this feeling of like, ‘Is my oven going to kill me?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her to switch from a gas to an electric range could have required expensive electrical upgrades and construction that would inconvenience her neighbors. So Nosrat opted for a new style of electric induction stove with a battery that doesn’t need a special outlet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her installation, the \u003ca href=\"https://copperhome.com/\">California company Copper\u003c/a> measured pollutants in Nosrat’s home before and after. It found that both nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide levels dropped dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Nosrat still uses a gas stove in her studio for work, she says it’s a relief to know her home range is no longer sending fossil fuel pollutants into her living space. And she found another benefit to using an induction stove with a smooth cooktop: “Cleaning it rules — like, you just spray it down and wipe it off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A California law to warn stove buyers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another Californian has been learning about indoor air pollution from gas stoves, and as a state lawmaker, she sponsored legislation to warn other stove buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Assemblymember Gail Pellerin, a Democrat from Santa Cruz, says she knew to turn on the vent hood when using the cooktop, but she hadn’t thought about her gas oven. “So if I’ve got a lasagna in the oven, I have never put the vent on because you’re not seeing the smoke and everything,” Pellerin told NPR. “So I was emitting horrible gases into my home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts say nitrogen dioxide is the biggest concern. It’s a reddish-brown gas and is a key element of smog outdoors. It can irritate airways and may contribute to the development of asthma, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://apha.org/Policies-and-Advocacy/Public-Health-Policy-Statements/Policy-Database/2023/01/18/Gas-Stove-Emissions\">American Public Health Association\u003c/a> has labeled gas cooking stoves “a public health concern,” and the \u003ca href=\"https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/gas%20stove?uri=%2FAMADoc%2Fdirectives.xml-D-135.964.xml\">American Medical Association\u003c/a> warns that cooking with gas increases the risk of childhood asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas stoves can also leak methane, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/27/1075874473/gas-stoves-climate-change-leak-methane\">even when they’re off\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/16/1181299405/gas-stoves-pollute-homes-with-benzene-which-is-linked-to-cancer\">stoves emit benzene\u003c/a>, which is linked to cancer. While stove manufacturers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/04/1149736969/gas-stove-makers-have-a-pollution-solution-theyre-just-not-using-it\">developed cleaner and more efficient burners\u003c/a>, they aren’t widely available to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004684\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas-lit flames burn on a natural gas stove. California’s Legislature passed a bill requiring health warning labels on new gas stoves. \u003ccite>(Richard Vogel/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2513\">Pellerin’s legislation\u003c/a> becomes law, it will require a label on gas stoves for sale in stores and online that says, “Gas stoves can release nitrogen dioxide, benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and other harmful pollutants into the air, which can be toxic to people and pets.” The label would also mention associated risks for breathing problems, suggest using a vent hood and say, “Young children, people with asthma, and people with heart or lung disease are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of combustion pollutants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is just important for us to have transparency and inform consumers so they can make the decision that’s right for their family,” Pellerin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar bills were introduced in Illinois and New York, but unlike California’s version, lawmakers did not pass them out of the legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign for warning labels is part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBopt6do1M\">larger climate effort\u003c/a> to get consumers to switch to electric appliances that don’t burn fossil fuels. Commercial and residential buildings account for about \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">13% of heat-trapping emissions\u003c/a>, mainly from the use of gas appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004686\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"898\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-1020x572.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-1536x862.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The natural gas production and supply system leaks the powerful greenhouse gas methane during drilling, fracking, processing and transport. \u003ccite>(Meredith Miotke/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) opposed California’s health warning legislation and suggested a different label that does not focus on fossil fuel combustion pollution. The trade group echoes gas industry arguments that smoke and fumes from cooking food are a bigger problem than pollution from burning gas and that two separate issues are being conflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we want to talk about people’s health and indoor air quality, then let’s talk about that. If we want to talk about fossil fuel versus electrification, then we need to talk about that,” says Kevin Messner, AHAM’s executive vice president and chief policy officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messner says all pollution from stoves — electric or gas — requires proper ventilation to prevent pollution from accumulating in homes. With warning labels only on gas stoves, Messner argues that this sends the wrong message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if you go to, let’s say, a retailer and you see a gas cooking product with a warning or information that says you should use ventilation. Then right next to it, you have an electric appliance or an induction [stove] that does not have that warning — this is common sense that you’re going to think, ‘I don’t need to use ventilation for the electric appliance,'” Messner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AHAM says it’s disappointed California lawmakers passed the health warning label only for gas stoves. But that has energized activists, who hope they can get similar labels on gas stoves for sale nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A national campaign for gas stove health warnings\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The use of gas stoves has become a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/21/1150397853/gas-stoves-became-part-of-the-culture-war-in-less-than-a-week-heres-why\">flash point in the culture wars\u003c/a>. One of the groups pushing for health warning labels has turned to humor to spread its message. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gasleaks.org/\">Gas Leaks Project\u003c/a> released a parody trailer this year for a \u003ca href=\"https://hotandtoxic.com/\">reality show it calls \u003cem>Hot & Toxic\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. The premise is an “unsuspecting homeowner” who loves her new gas stove but later learns it comes with some of “the hottest, most toxic housemates imaginable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each character represents a pollutant created from burning gas, including carbon monoxide, or “C.MO,” which echoes a line that reality show fans will recognize but with a twist. “I did not come here to make friends,” she says. “I came here to cause chest pain, nausea and vomiting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AskIzThmK4U&t=4s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A campaign associated with the parody encourages people to sign a petition to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), telling it to put warning labels on gas stoves nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPSC was at the center of a 2023 culture war campaign led by conservatives, who falsely claimed the Biden administration wanted to take away Americans’ gas stoves. Rep. Ronny Jackson, R-Texas, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/RonnyJacksonTX/status/1612839703018934274\">wrote on social media\u003c/a>, “I’ll NEVER give up my gas stove. If the maniacs in the White House come for my stove, they can pry it from my cold dead hands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outrage was prompted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-09/us-safety-agency-to-consider-ban-on-gas-stoves-amid-health-fears?sref=h2AwP2mF\">a story\u003c/a> in which CPSC Commissioner Richard Trumka Jr. suggested that the CPSC might consider stricter regulations on new gas stoves in response to health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11938934,science_1992085,science_1991664\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trumka and the CPSC did not respond to NPR’s requests for interviews. Even before that kerfuffle, the CPSC had launched a task force about gas stoves and indoor air quality. It included industry, environmental and consumer groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We met at least monthly for a year and a half,” AHAM’s Messner says, adding that participants leaned toward regulating cooking fumes instead of fossil fuel combustion pollution. “The enthusiasm for having CPSC’s task force trailed off by some who didn’t see it going in the direction where they wanted it to go, politically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Public Interest Research Group disputes that conclusion and says the staff member directing the group was reassigned. Still, U.S. PIRG has redirected its campaign and launched a new effort to get health warning labels on gas stoves sold in Washington, D.C., by suing one of the biggest stove manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Suing gas stove companies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>U.S. PIRG \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/23/nx-s1-4975635/lawsuit-gas-stoves-air-pollution-nitrogen-dioxide-health-risks\">filed a lawsuit in May\u003c/a> against the Chinese company Haier, which owns GE Appliances. U.S. PIRG says the manufacturer violates the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.dc.gov/consumer-protection/other-consumer-help-agencies-and-websites/submit-consumer-complaint/district-columbia-consumer-protection-laws\">District of Columbia’s consumer protection law\u003c/a>, which “prohibits a wide variety of deceptive and unconscionable business practices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re saying that it’s a deceptive practice for GE Appliances to sell gas stoves in the District without warning consumers about the well-documented health risks associated with cooking with gas,” says Abe Scarr, U.S. PIRG’s energy and utilities program director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group isn’t asking for money, aside from paying U.S. PIRG’s attorney fees and costs. Instead, it wants the court to require GE Appliances to put health warning labels on gas stoves sold in the District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for GE Appliances says the company won’t comment on the litigation but says: “All our ranges and cooktops meet or exceed applicable safety standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004690\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1143\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-1536x1097.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1992 analysis by Duke University and Environmental Protection Agency researchers found that children in a home with a gas stove have about a 20% increased risk of developing respiratory illness. A 2022 analysis showed that 12.7% of childhood asthma cases in the US can be attributed to the use of gas stoves in homes. \u003ccite>(Jeff Brady/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other gas stove manufacturers face \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/gas-stove-makers-fail-to-defeat-class-actions-over-emissions\">potential class action lawsuits\u003c/a> in California and Wisconsin that claim companies should disclose the risk of pollutants to consumers. Attorneys in Massachusetts have filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/eversource-faces-class-action-lawsuit-for-advertising-gas-use-as-safe-clean-81992643\">similar case\u003c/a> against the local gas utility Eversource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarr says the legal cases are needed because stove buyers aren’t getting the message that pollution from gas stoves can lead to health problems. His group \u003ca href=\"https://pirg.org/edfund/media-center/new-report-top-retailers-fail-to-warn-shoppers-about-health-risks-of-gas-stove-pollution/\">surveyed 62 Lowe’s, Home Depot and Best Buy locations in 11 states\u003c/a>. Secret shoppers were dispatched to ask about health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. PIRG found that most salespeople “flatly denied or expressed ignorance about the health risks of gas stoves” and that 15% of them “recommended gas stoves over electric ranges or induction cooktops, even when the secret shopper voiced concerns about pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowe’s and Best Buy did not respond to NPR’s interview requests. A Home Depot spokesperson says, “Most customers choose a gas, electric or induction range based on which fuel their home is equipped for” and also says that the retailer sells range hoods and that a stove’s instruction manual “speaks to the importance of ventilation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Scarr’s group pursues its D.C. lawsuit, he says they plan to again pressure the CPSC to require health warning labels for the entire country, possibly as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The next time you shop for a cooking stove, the gas versions might show a health warning label similar to those on tobacco products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because a stove’s blue flame releases air pollution into your kitchen, California lawmakers have passed a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2513\">bill that would require such warning labels\u003c/a> on gas stoves for sale in stores and online. Gov. Gavin Newsom has until the end of September to sign the bill into law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation comes after a series of lawsuits were filed against stove manufacturers, claiming they should have warned customers about potential health risks. \u003cspan style=\"margin: 0px;padding: 0px\">Environmental activists are encouraging people to switch to electric stoves as \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBopt6do1M\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">part of a broader campaign\u003c/a> to cut climate pollution from buildings.\u003c/span> Now, there’s an effort to put health warning labels on stoves nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A chef replaces her gas stove\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/consumption/residential/data/2020/state/pdf/State%20Appliances.pdf\">38% of U.S. homes\u003c/a> cook with natural gas, and utilities have preserved that market share with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/17/1183551603/gas-stove-utility-tobacco\">tobacco-style tactics\u003c/a> to avoid regulations on gas stoves. Part of that is a decades-old “cooking with gas” campaign that has helped gas stoves remain popular with cooks, including famous ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will say, historically, I’ve been really a snob about that,” says Samin Nosrat, who wrote the 2017 award-winning cookbook \u003ca href=\"https://www.saltfatacidheat.com/\">\u003cem>Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. She learned to cook with gas. “I just never accepted an alternative in my imagination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a few years back, she bought a house with a gas stove, and her carbon monoxide alarm kept going off when she cooked. At first, she assumed the alarm was broken and installed a new one. Finally, she called the gas company. A utility worker says that levels of the poisonous gas were “off the charts high” and that she should get checked for carbon monoxide poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004682\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1207\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-800x604.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-1020x769.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-160x121.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/gettyimages-529494904_custom-c41e11c5a1b38219f93dac6a4e3a6a56cd3be838-copy-1536x1159.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A sign above the Standard Gas Light Co. promotes cooking with gas. \u003ccite>(Schenectady Museum Association/Corbis via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nosrat was fine but says, “I really didn’t feel safe. I just always had this feeling of like, ‘Is my oven going to kill me?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For her to switch from a gas to an electric range could have required expensive electrical upgrades and construction that would inconvenience her neighbors. So Nosrat opted for a new style of electric induction stove with a battery that doesn’t need a special outlet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of her installation, the \u003ca href=\"https://copperhome.com/\">California company Copper\u003c/a> measured pollutants in Nosrat’s home before and after. It found that both nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide levels dropped dramatically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Nosrat still uses a gas stove in her studio for work, she says it’s a relief to know her home range is no longer sending fossil fuel pollutants into her living space. And she found another benefit to using an induction stove with a smooth cooktop: “Cleaning it rules — like, you just spray it down and wipe it off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A California law to warn stove buyers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Another Californian has been learning about indoor air pollution from gas stoves, and as a state lawmaker, she sponsored legislation to warn other stove buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Assemblymember Gail Pellerin, a Democrat from Santa Cruz, says she knew to turn on the vent hood when using the cooktop, but she hadn’t thought about her gas oven. “So if I’ve got a lasagna in the oven, I have never put the vent on because you’re not seeing the smoke and everything,” Pellerin told NPR. “So I was emitting horrible gases into my home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts say nitrogen dioxide is the biggest concern. It’s a reddish-brown gas and is a key element of smog outdoors. It can irritate airways and may contribute to the development of asthma, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://apha.org/Policies-and-Advocacy/Public-Health-Policy-Statements/Policy-Database/2023/01/18/Gas-Stove-Emissions\">American Public Health Association\u003c/a> has labeled gas cooking stoves “a public health concern,” and the \u003ca href=\"https://policysearch.ama-assn.org/policyfinder/detail/gas%20stove?uri=%2FAMADoc%2Fdirectives.xml-D-135.964.xml\">American Medical Association\u003c/a> warns that cooking with gas increases the risk of childhood asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gas stoves can also leak methane, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/01/27/1075874473/gas-stoves-climate-change-leak-methane\">even when they’re off\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/16/1181299405/gas-stoves-pollute-homes-with-benzene-which-is-linked-to-cancer\">stoves emit benzene\u003c/a>, which is linked to cancer. While stove manufacturers have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/04/1149736969/gas-stove-makers-have-a-pollution-solution-theyre-just-not-using-it\">developed cleaner and more efficient burners\u003c/a>, they aren’t widely available to consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004684\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas-lit flames burn on a natural gas stove. California’s Legislature passed a bill requiring health warning labels on new gas stoves. \u003ccite>(Richard Vogel/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2513\">Pellerin’s legislation\u003c/a> becomes law, it will require a label on gas stoves for sale in stores and online that says, “Gas stoves can release nitrogen dioxide, benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and other harmful pollutants into the air, which can be toxic to people and pets.” The label would also mention associated risks for breathing problems, suggest using a vent hood and say, “Young children, people with asthma, and people with heart or lung disease are especially vulnerable to the toxic effects of combustion pollutants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is just important for us to have transparency and inform consumers so they can make the decision that’s right for their family,” Pellerin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar bills were introduced in Illinois and New York, but unlike California’s version, lawmakers did not pass them out of the legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campaign for warning labels is part of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7YBopt6do1M\">larger climate effort\u003c/a> to get consumers to switch to electric appliances that don’t burn fossil fuels. Commercial and residential buildings account for about \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions\">13% of heat-trapping emissions\u003c/a>, mainly from the use of gas appliances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004686\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004686\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"898\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-1020x572.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/miotke_npr_emissions_final-edit_custom-9285ff5026575f5d075aa3acaae4ba3c20c9c14a-copy-1536x862.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The natural gas production and supply system leaks the powerful greenhouse gas methane during drilling, fracking, processing and transport. \u003ccite>(Meredith Miotke/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM) opposed California’s health warning legislation and suggested a different label that does not focus on fossil fuel combustion pollution. The trade group echoes gas industry arguments that smoke and fumes from cooking food are a bigger problem than pollution from burning gas and that two separate issues are being conflated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we want to talk about people’s health and indoor air quality, then let’s talk about that. If we want to talk about fossil fuel versus electrification, then we need to talk about that,” says Kevin Messner, AHAM’s executive vice president and chief policy officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Messner says all pollution from stoves — electric or gas — requires proper ventilation to prevent pollution from accumulating in homes. With warning labels only on gas stoves, Messner argues that this sends the wrong message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if you go to, let’s say, a retailer and you see a gas cooking product with a warning or information that says you should use ventilation. Then right next to it, you have an electric appliance or an induction [stove] that does not have that warning — this is common sense that you’re going to think, ‘I don’t need to use ventilation for the electric appliance,'” Messner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AHAM says it’s disappointed California lawmakers passed the health warning label only for gas stoves. But that has energized activists, who hope they can get similar labels on gas stoves for sale nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A national campaign for gas stove health warnings\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The use of gas stoves has become a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/21/1150397853/gas-stoves-became-part-of-the-culture-war-in-less-than-a-week-heres-why\">flash point in the culture wars\u003c/a>. One of the groups pushing for health warning labels has turned to humor to spread its message. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gasleaks.org/\">Gas Leaks Project\u003c/a> released a parody trailer this year for a \u003ca href=\"https://hotandtoxic.com/\">reality show it calls \u003cem>Hot & Toxic\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. The premise is an “unsuspecting homeowner” who loves her new gas stove but later learns it comes with some of “the hottest, most toxic housemates imaginable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each character represents a pollutant created from burning gas, including carbon monoxide, or “C.MO,” which echoes a line that reality show fans will recognize but with a twist. “I did not come here to make friends,” she says. “I came here to cause chest pain, nausea and vomiting.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/AskIzThmK4U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/AskIzThmK4U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A campaign associated with the parody encourages people to sign a petition to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), telling it to put warning labels on gas stoves nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CPSC was at the center of a 2023 culture war campaign led by conservatives, who falsely claimed the Biden administration wanted to take away Americans’ gas stoves. Rep. Ronny Jackson, R-Texas, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/RonnyJacksonTX/status/1612839703018934274\">wrote on social media\u003c/a>, “I’ll NEVER give up my gas stove. If the maniacs in the White House come for my stove, they can pry it from my cold dead hands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outrage was prompted by \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2023-01-09/us-safety-agency-to-consider-ban-on-gas-stoves-amid-health-fears?sref=h2AwP2mF\">a story\u003c/a> in which CPSC Commissioner Richard Trumka Jr. suggested that the CPSC might consider stricter regulations on new gas stoves in response to health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trumka and the CPSC did not respond to NPR’s requests for interviews. Even before that kerfuffle, the CPSC had launched a task force about gas stoves and indoor air quality. It included industry, environmental and consumer groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We met at least monthly for a year and a half,” AHAM’s Messner says, adding that participants leaned toward regulating cooking fumes instead of fossil fuel combustion pollution. “The enthusiasm for having CPSC’s task force trailed off by some who didn’t see it going in the direction where they wanted it to go, politically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Public Interest Research Group disputes that conclusion and says the staff member directing the group was reassigned. Still, U.S. PIRG has redirected its campaign and launched a new effort to get health warning labels on gas stoves sold in Washington, D.C., by suing one of the biggest stove manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Suing gas stove companies\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>U.S. PIRG \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/23/nx-s1-4975635/lawsuit-gas-stoves-air-pollution-nitrogen-dioxide-health-risks\">filed a lawsuit in May\u003c/a> against the Chinese company Haier, which owns GE Appliances. U.S. PIRG says the manufacturer violates the \u003ca href=\"https://oag.dc.gov/consumer-protection/other-consumer-help-agencies-and-websites/submit-consumer-complaint/district-columbia-consumer-protection-laws\">District of Columbia’s consumer protection law\u003c/a>, which “prohibits a wide variety of deceptive and unconscionable business practices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re saying that it’s a deceptive practice for GE Appliances to sell gas stoves in the District without warning consumers about the well-documented health risks associated with cooking with gas,” says Abe Scarr, U.S. PIRG’s energy and utilities program director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group isn’t asking for money, aside from paying U.S. PIRG’s attorney fees and costs. Instead, it wants the court to require GE Appliances to put health warning labels on gas stoves sold in the District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for GE Appliances says the company won’t comment on the litigation but says: “All our ranges and cooktops meet or exceed applicable safety standards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004690\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1143\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-1020x729.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1-1536x1097.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 1992 analysis by Duke University and Environmental Protection Agency researchers found that children in a home with a gas stove have about a 20% increased risk of developing respiratory illness. A 2022 analysis showed that 12.7% of childhood asthma cases in the US can be attributed to the use of gas stoves in homes. \u003ccite>(Jeff Brady/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other gas stove manufacturers face \u003ca href=\"https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/gas-stove-makers-fail-to-defeat-class-actions-over-emissions\">potential class action lawsuits\u003c/a> in California and Wisconsin that claim companies should disclose the risk of pollutants to consumers. Attorneys in Massachusetts have filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/latest-news-headlines/eversource-faces-class-action-lawsuit-for-advertising-gas-use-as-safe-clean-81992643\">similar case\u003c/a> against the local gas utility Eversource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scarr says the legal cases are needed because stove buyers aren’t getting the message that pollution from gas stoves can lead to health problems. His group \u003ca href=\"https://pirg.org/edfund/media-center/new-report-top-retailers-fail-to-warn-shoppers-about-health-risks-of-gas-stove-pollution/\">surveyed 62 Lowe’s, Home Depot and Best Buy locations in 11 states\u003c/a>. Secret shoppers were dispatched to ask about health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. PIRG found that most salespeople “flatly denied or expressed ignorance about the health risks of gas stoves” and that 15% of them “recommended gas stoves over electric ranges or induction cooktops, even when the secret shopper voiced concerns about pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowe’s and Best Buy did not respond to NPR’s interview requests. A Home Depot spokesperson says, “Most customers choose a gas, electric or induction range based on which fuel their home is equipped for” and also says that the retailer sells range hoods and that a stove’s instruction manual “speaks to the importance of ventilation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Scarr’s group pursues its D.C. lawsuit, he says they plan to again pressure the CPSC to require health warning labels for the entire country, possibly as soon as next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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