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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/elections/results\">Follow KQED’s election results for California and Bay Area races\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware State Sen. Sarah McBride is once again making history — she will be the first openly transgender person to serve in the U.S. Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McBride will succeed fellow Democrat Lisa Blunt Rochester as the state’s at-large member of Congress. Blunt Rochester handily won her race for Senate earlier on Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McBride has been a rising star in politics. She previously worked for former Delaware Gov. Jack Markell and the late Delaware Attorney General Beau Biden. In 2012, she interned with the Obama administration. Four years later, she became the first transgender person to speak at a major party convention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She won her state Senate seat in 2020 with more than 70% of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McBride told NPR in June that during her tenure in state politics, she’s seen firsthand the impact of representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much harder to hate up close,” she said. “I’ve seen the power of those interpersonal relationships that you have when you are present as a peer and as a colleague — I’ve seen them transform people’s approach, people’s minds, people’s hearts in Delaware. I know it might be a taller order in Washington, but I know it’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McBride has championed the issues of reproductive freedom, policies that guarantee paid leave and affordable child care, health care and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s previously said of her history-making bid that she hopes, ultimately, people will think of the policies she’s achieved before they think of her identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that is the best way to guarantee that while I may be a first, that I’m not the last, and that we build a world where it’s no longer noteworthy when a trans candidate runs and wins,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McBride told NPR in June that during her tenure in state politics, she’s seen firsthand the impact of representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much harder to hate up close,” she said. “I’ve seen the power of those interpersonal relationships that you have when you are present as a peer and as a colleague — I’ve seen them transform people’s approach, people’s minds, people’s hearts in Delaware. I know it might be a taller order in Washington, but I know it’s possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McBride has championed the issues of reproductive freedom, policies that guarantee paid leave and affordable child care, health care and housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s previously said of her history-making bid that she hopes, ultimately, people will think of the policies she’s achieved before they think of her identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that is the best way to guarantee that while I may be a first, that I’m not the last, and that we build a world where it’s no longer noteworthy when a trans candidate runs and wins,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/elections/\">upcoming election\u003c/a>, less than a week away, could reshape the U.S. Supreme Court — or not, depending on retirements, deaths, or other unforeseen events. The only certainty is political struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Depending on who wins the presidential election, \u003cem>and\u003c/em> control of the Senate, the current 6–to–3 conservative supermajority could remain the same, be trimmed to 5–to–4, or expand to an even larger and more lopsided conservative majority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"From the 2024 Voter Guide\" link1='https://www.kqed.org/voterguide/president,Learn about the U.S. Presidential Election' hero=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/80/2024/09/Aside-Presidential-2024-General-Election-1200x1200-1.png]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public, for the most part, understands that if there is a Supreme Court vacancy, the president’s nominee will generally reflect the president’s views. But, there is a genuine possibility that if the Senate is controlled by the opposition party, the open seat will remain unfilled — not for months, but for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, there is also a real possibility that lower court seats will go unfilled, unless there is significant backroom horse-trading. In short, with power split between the White House and the Senate, there could be unprecedented gridlock on judicial nominations that extends all the way up to the Supreme Court and down to the appellate and even district courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The Merrick Garland treatment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Republicans have wielded their power in unprecedented ways to prevent a president’s Supreme Court nominee from being confirmed. When conservative Justice Antonin Scalia died unexpectedly in 2016, Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell immediately announced that no Obama nominee would be considered at all prior to the election that was nearly a year away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/29/624467256/what-happened-with-merrick-garland-in-2016-and-why-it-matters-now\">went ahead anyway\u003c/a>, figuring that old norms would prevail if he nominated a respected and centrist judge, someone acceptable to both Democrats and Republicans. Judge Merrick Garland seemed the best fit, but Garland didn’t even get a hearing, much less a vote. Four years later, after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/18/100306972/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87\">death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u003c/a>, Senate Republicans put the pedal to the metal just weeks before the election, rapidly \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/26/927640619/senate-confirms-amy-coney-barrett-to-the-supreme-court\">pushing through the confirmation of judge, now Justice, Amy Coney Barrett\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, conservatives are just as determined to keep or expand their 6–to–3 Supreme Court majority. So what happens if Kamala Harris is elected president, but the Senate flips to Republican control?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll give you the Merrick Garland treatment,” says conservative scholar Josh Blackman, a professor at South Texas College of Law, Houston. “We’ll have the seat open for three or four years,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Trump win and a Democratic Senate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Would the reverse happen if Trump is elected but the Senate remains in Democratic hands?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats like to think of themselves as “more responsible” than Republicans, but the pressures would be enormous to do unto the Republicans what they did to the Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans “essentially crossed the Rubicon” in 2016 with the Garland nomination, says Harvard law professor Noah Feldman, who has written extensively about the court’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that we’re in a world of … controversial revolutionary decisions, neither party would be likely to give a positive vote to a nominee of the president from the opposite party,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NYU law professor Bob Bauer, who served as White House counsel for two years in the Obama administration, notes that institutional norms aren’t necessarily permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole notion that “a certain process has to be respected, regardless of the potential impact on one party or another,” he says. “It’s not a norm if it doesn’t command general adherence anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what if Trump is elected, and the Senate flips, as expected, to Republican control? The only thing then standing between nominating and confirming a new Trump-appointed justice would be two moderate Republican senators, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Susan Collins of Maine. If the Republican margin in the Senate is 52–48, their votes aren’t needed; JD Vance would cast the tie-breaking vote as vice president even if Murkowski and Collins voted against the nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what recourse would the Democrats have in a situation like that? How would they fight a Trump nomination? After all, there is no filibuster anymore to block a vote. Democrats abolished the filibuster for lower court nominations in 2011 in response to Republicans routinely blocking judicial nominations. Republicans then abolished the filibuster for Supreme Court nominations in 2017 after Trump was elected and nominated Neil Gorsuch to fill the seat that GOP leader McConnell had held open after Scalia’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats are only candid about this when speaking not for attribution. As one put it, “We would largely be left with the politics of personal destruction, investigating every aspect of a nominee’s life to find something that is disqualifying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Unforeseen circumstances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Of course, right now, there is no vacant seat at the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the deaths of Justices Scalia and Ginsburg prove that nothing is certain, they were far older than any member of the current court. Scalia was just days shy of turning 80 and Ginsburg was 87. In contrast, the oldest members of the current court are also among its most conservative. Justice Clarence Thomas is 76 and Justice Samuel Alito is 74, followed by liberal Justice Sonia Sotomayor, 70, and Chief Justice Roberts, 69.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the most politically active conservative thinkers would like to see Thomas and Alito step down for younger conservative judges who could serve for many decades longer and move the conservative needle even further to the right. They see as their “farm team” the ultra-conservative Fifth Circuit Court of appeals, populated with former Thomas and Alito clerks whose decisions are often reversed even by the current conservatives on the Supreme Court, including the men they once clerked for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those who know Thomas and Alito well are adamant that neither man would leave the court at this point. Several NPR spoke to would only speak candidly on condition of anonymity. “What would he do, go home and fly flags with his wife at the beach?” said one Alito ally, adding that the court is “Alito’s life.” As for Thomas, his friends and former clerks say he would see retirement as “caving into his critics” and being “driven off the court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there are no retirements or unexpected health crises, the court could well remain as is.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A period of dysfunction\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That leaves the lower courts, which get less attention than the Supreme Court, but decide many more cases. During the last year of the Obama administration, when Republicans controlled the Senate, not one nominee to a regional appeals court was confirmed, though 10 trial court judges, a tiny fraction of vacancies, were. The result was that on the day Trump was sworn in, there were 105 judicial vacancies to fill.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11992718,forum_2010101906513,news_12011637\"]Professor Blackman expects that if Harris is elected and Republicans control the Senate, something similar could happen for a full four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They may just stop, confirming” any lower court judges, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other conservatives think that is far too dire a prediction. They expect that especially in states where both senators are Democrats, there would be horse-trading and a deal that allocates judicial seats — basically, the Democrats get one, for example, for every two or three GOP nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard’s Feldman says he sees no light at the end of the tunnel when the parties are split, with a president of one party, and a Senate controlled by the other party. But dysfunction, he thinks could lead to change … eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We might have what I call the incredible shrinking Supreme Court,” he says, adding that “if we have divided government and we have justices naturally retiring or dying and they don’t get replaced, we could go down to eight, to seven, to six and eventually the public might start to notice and complain about it, and then some sort of compromise formation might be reached.” That said, he acknowledges a process like that could take 15 or 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he’s right, the end of dysfunction is a long way of off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Justice Clarence Thomas, the most senior and seasoned Supreme Court justice, provides a lesson of longevity and power. If he serves another three years, he will break Justice William O. Douglas’ 36-year record for length of service on the court. Indeed, even sooner, when the next president is sworn in this January, Thomas will be making decisions that directly effect his 11th presidential administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public, for the most part, understands that if there is a Supreme Court vacancy, the president’s nominee will generally reflect the president’s views. But, there is a genuine possibility that if the Senate is controlled by the opposition party, the open seat will remain unfilled — not for months, but for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, there is also a real possibility that lower court seats will go unfilled, unless there is significant backroom horse-trading. In short, with power split between the White House and the Senate, there could be unprecedented gridlock on judicial nominations that extends all the way up to the Supreme Court and down to the appellate and even district courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘The Merrick Garland treatment’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In recent years, Republicans have wielded their power in unprecedented ways to prevent a president’s Supreme Court nominee from being confirmed. When conservative Justice Antonin Scalia died unexpectedly in 2016, Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell immediately announced that no Obama nominee would be considered at all prior to the election that was nearly a year away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/29/624467256/what-happened-with-merrick-garland-in-2016-and-why-it-matters-now\">went ahead anyway\u003c/a>, figuring that old norms would prevail if he nominated a respected and centrist judge, someone acceptable to both Democrats and Republicans. Judge Merrick Garland seemed the best fit, but Garland didn’t even get a hearing, much less a vote. Four years later, after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/18/100306972/justice-ruth-bader-ginsburg-champion-of-gender-equality-dies-at-87\">death of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u003c/a>, Senate Republicans put the pedal to the metal just weeks before the election, rapidly \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/26/927640619/senate-confirms-amy-coney-barrett-to-the-supreme-court\">pushing through the confirmation of judge, now Justice, Amy Coney Barrett\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, conservatives are just as determined to keep or expand their 6–to–3 Supreme Court majority. So what happens if Kamala Harris is elected president, but the Senate flips to Republican control?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll give you the Merrick Garland treatment,” says conservative scholar Josh Blackman, a professor at South Texas College of Law, Houston. “We’ll have the seat open for three or four years,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Trump win and a Democratic Senate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Would the reverse happen if Trump is elected but the Senate remains in Democratic hands?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats like to think of themselves as “more responsible” than Republicans, but the pressures would be enormous to do unto the Republicans what they did to the Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans “essentially crossed the Rubicon” in 2016 with the Garland nomination, says Harvard law professor Noah Feldman, who has written extensively about the court’s history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that we’re in a world of … controversial revolutionary decisions, neither party would be likely to give a positive vote to a nominee of the president from the opposite party,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NYU law professor Bob Bauer, who served as White House counsel for two years in the Obama administration, notes that institutional norms aren’t necessarily permanent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole notion that “a certain process has to be respected, regardless of the potential impact on one party or another,” he says. “It’s not a norm if it doesn’t command general adherence anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what if Trump is elected, and the Senate flips, as expected, to Republican control? The only thing then standing between nominating and confirming a new Trump-appointed justice would be two moderate Republican senators, Lisa Murkowski of Alaska and Susan Collins of Maine. If the Republican margin in the Senate is 52–48, their votes aren’t needed; JD Vance would cast the tie-breaking vote as vice president even if Murkowski and Collins voted against the nominee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what recourse would the Democrats have in a situation like that? How would they fight a Trump nomination? After all, there is no filibuster anymore to block a vote. Democrats abolished the filibuster for lower court nominations in 2011 in response to Republicans routinely blocking judicial nominations. Republicans then abolished the filibuster for Supreme Court nominations in 2017 after Trump was elected and nominated Neil Gorsuch to fill the seat that GOP leader McConnell had held open after Scalia’s death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats are only candid about this when speaking not for attribution. As one put it, “We would largely be left with the politics of personal destruction, investigating every aspect of a nominee’s life to find something that is disqualifying.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Unforeseen circumstances\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Of course, right now, there is no vacant seat at the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the deaths of Justices Scalia and Ginsburg prove that nothing is certain, they were far older than any member of the current court. Scalia was just days shy of turning 80 and Ginsburg was 87. In contrast, the oldest members of the current court are also among its most conservative. Justice Clarence Thomas is 76 and Justice Samuel Alito is 74, followed by liberal Justice Sonia Sotomayor, 70, and Chief Justice Roberts, 69.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the most politically active conservative thinkers would like to see Thomas and Alito step down for younger conservative judges who could serve for many decades longer and move the conservative needle even further to the right. They see as their “farm team” the ultra-conservative Fifth Circuit Court of appeals, populated with former Thomas and Alito clerks whose decisions are often reversed even by the current conservatives on the Supreme Court, including the men they once clerked for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those who know Thomas and Alito well are adamant that neither man would leave the court at this point. Several NPR spoke to would only speak candidly on condition of anonymity. “What would he do, go home and fly flags with his wife at the beach?” said one Alito ally, adding that the court is “Alito’s life.” As for Thomas, his friends and former clerks say he would see retirement as “caving into his critics” and being “driven off the court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if there are no retirements or unexpected health crises, the court could well remain as is.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A period of dysfunction\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That leaves the lower courts, which get less attention than the Supreme Court, but decide many more cases. During the last year of the Obama administration, when Republicans controlled the Senate, not one nominee to a regional appeals court was confirmed, though 10 trial court judges, a tiny fraction of vacancies, were. The result was that on the day Trump was sworn in, there were 105 judicial vacancies to fill.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Professor Blackman expects that if Harris is elected and Republicans control the Senate, something similar could happen for a full four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They may just stop, confirming” any lower court judges, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other conservatives think that is far too dire a prediction. They expect that especially in states where both senators are Democrats, there would be horse-trading and a deal that allocates judicial seats — basically, the Democrats get one, for example, for every two or three GOP nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard’s Feldman says he sees no light at the end of the tunnel when the parties are split, with a president of one party, and a Senate controlled by the other party. But dysfunction, he thinks could lead to change … eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We might have what I call the incredible shrinking Supreme Court,” he says, adding that “if we have divided government and we have justices naturally retiring or dying and they don’t get replaced, we could go down to eight, to seven, to six and eventually the public might start to notice and complain about it, and then some sort of compromise formation might be reached.” That said, he acknowledges a process like that could take 15 or 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he’s right, the end of dysfunction is a long way of off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Justice Clarence Thomas, the most senior and seasoned Supreme Court justice, provides a lesson of longevity and power. If he serves another three years, he will break Justice William O. Douglas’ 36-year record for length of service on the court. Indeed, even sooner, when the next president is sworn in this January, Thomas will be making decisions that directly effect his 11th presidential administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s very unlikely — but \u003ca href=\"https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/\">theoretically possible\u003c/a> — that the presidential election ends with a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would mean that neither Kamala Harris nor Donald Trump, who are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/15/nx-s1-5153420/swing-state-map-donald-trump-kamala-harris-polls\">locked in a toss-up race\u003c/a>, wins enough electoral votes to become president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hasn’t happened in modern American politics — \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1800\">it did happen back in 1800\u003c/a> — and after a renewed effort to change how Nebraska allocates its electoral votes \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/24/nx-s1-5123871/a-republican-push-to-change-how-nebraska-awards-its-electoral-votes-stalls\">failed\u003c/a>, the prospect of a tie is now looking even less[aside label=\"From the 2024 Voter Guide\" link1='https://www.kqed.org/voterguide/president,Learn about the U.S. Presidential Election' hero=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/80/2024/09/Aside-Presidential-2024-General-Election-1200x1200-1.png]But if this year’s election did end 269–269, the U.S. Constitution does have a plan for what happens next. Experts and scholars point to \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-happens-if-trump-and-biden-tie-in-the-electoral-college/\">Article II\u003c/a> as well as the \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/what-happens-when-there-is-a-tie-in-the-electoral-college\">12th Amendment\u003c/a> to outline how this would work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elaine Kamarck, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution who has written a lot about presidential elections and presidential nominations, said we “have a pretty good rulebook” for where things go if there is a tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, she said, the election moves to the U.S. House of Representatives, where the newly elected members of Congress would first have to be sworn in and then vote on who becomes president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each state – regardless of the size of the state’s delegation – would then get one vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if they would deliberate or not or just take a poll,” Kamarck said. “In some cases, it’d be pretty easy. And they would cast their vote for one of the people who finished in the Electoral College.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it is unlikely \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/nx-s1-5111891/independent-third-party-candidates-swing-state-ballots\">third-party candidates\u003c/a> will win any electoral votes this year, so each state would have to vote for either Trump or Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\n“The Constitution says you need a majority of the House delegations,” Kamarck said. “So that would be 26 House delegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans currently have an edge if it were to come to this because the party right now has control of 26 U.S. House delegations, compared to the 22 controlled by Democrats. Two states — Minnesota and North Carolina — have split delegations. This, of course, could all change depending on what happens in this year’s general election.[aside postID=lowdown_3825 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/10/RS59244_Early_Voting_003-qut-1020x681.jpg']“What we’re really saying here is if the Electoral College was really in a tie, then the outcome of House races and Senate races would be absolutely critical to the outcome of the [presidential] election,” Kamarck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar process, she said, would play out in the U.S. Senate to decide who would become vice president. In that case, though, each senator gets a vote — instead of one vote per state like in the House. The candidate that gets to 51 votes becomes the vice president. And because these are separate votes, it’s possible that the president and vice president could end up being from different political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the House can’t get to 26 votes for a presidential candidate the first time, they would have to keep voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if no candidate gets to 26 by Inauguration Day, the person chosen as vice president by the Senate \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R40504/7\">will be acting president\u003c/a> while the House continues to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The House keeps voting and voting until the tie is broken,” Kamarck said. “So, there is an end to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s very unlikely — but \u003ca href=\"https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2024-election-forecast/\">theoretically possible\u003c/a> — that the presidential election ends with a 269–269 tie in the Electoral College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would mean that neither Kamala Harris nor Donald Trump, who are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/15/nx-s1-5153420/swing-state-map-donald-trump-kamala-harris-polls\">locked in a toss-up race\u003c/a>, wins enough electoral votes to become president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This hasn’t happened in modern American politics — \u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/United-States-presidential-election-of-1800\">it did happen back in 1800\u003c/a> — and after a renewed effort to change how Nebraska allocates its electoral votes \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/24/nx-s1-5123871/a-republican-push-to-change-how-nebraska-awards-its-electoral-votes-stalls\">failed\u003c/a>, the prospect of a tie is now looking even less\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But if this year’s election did end 269–269, the U.S. Constitution does have a plan for what happens next. Experts and scholars point to \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/articles/what-happens-if-trump-and-biden-tie-in-the-electoral-college/\">Article II\u003c/a> as well as the \u003ca href=\"https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/what-happens-when-there-is-a-tie-in-the-electoral-college\">12th Amendment\u003c/a> to outline how this would work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elaine Kamarck, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution who has written a lot about presidential elections and presidential nominations, said we “have a pretty good rulebook” for where things go if there is a tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, she said, the election moves to the U.S. House of Representatives, where the newly elected members of Congress would first have to be sworn in and then vote on who becomes president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each state – regardless of the size of the state’s delegation – would then get one vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know if they would deliberate or not or just take a poll,” Kamarck said. “In some cases, it’d be pretty easy. And they would cast their vote for one of the people who finished in the Electoral College.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it is unlikely \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/nx-s1-5111891/independent-third-party-candidates-swing-state-ballots\">third-party candidates\u003c/a> will win any electoral votes this year, so each state would have to vote for either Trump or Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“The Constitution says you need a majority of the House delegations,” Kamarck said. “So that would be 26 House delegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans currently have an edge if it were to come to this because the party right now has control of 26 U.S. House delegations, compared to the 22 controlled by Democrats. Two states — Minnesota and North Carolina — have split delegations. This, of course, could all change depending on what happens in this year’s general election.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“What we’re really saying here is if the Electoral College was really in a tie, then the outcome of House races and Senate races would be absolutely critical to the outcome of the [presidential] election,” Kamarck said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A similar process, she said, would play out in the U.S. Senate to decide who would become vice president. In that case, though, each senator gets a vote — instead of one vote per state like in the House. The candidate that gets to 51 votes becomes the vice president. And because these are separate votes, it’s possible that the president and vice president could end up being from different political parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the House can’t get to 26 votes for a presidential candidate the first time, they would have to keep voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if no candidate gets to 26 by Inauguration Day, the person chosen as vice president by the Senate \u003ca href=\"https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R40504/7\">will be acting president\u003c/a> while the House continues to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The House keeps voting and voting until the tie is broken,” Kamarck said. “So, there is an end to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Did the 'LA Times' and Other News Outlets Pull Punches to Appease Trump?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Recent episodes involving major U.S. news organizations have stoked fears that outlets are preemptively self-censoring coverage that could offend former President Donald Trump, who remains neck-and-neck in the polls with Vice President Kamala Harris ahead of Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the central media stories in the U.S. right now is the people who run big media companies making accommodations for a second Trump presidency and thinking about how to avoid antagonizing him,” Ben Smith, editor-in-chief and co-founder of the news site Semafor, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Los Angeles Times editor resigns after owner blocks endorsement of Harris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Semafor’s Max Tani first broke the news that the owner of the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>, Patrick Soon-Shiong, \u003ca href=\"https://www.semafor.com/article/10/22/2024/los-angeles-times-wont-endorse-for-president\">\u003cu>intervened to block the publication\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of an editorial endorsing Harris. \u003ca href=\"https://djt.nucleusemail.com/amplify/v/QuvJhBzYRA?hids=mBWoTxNLy3&_nlid=rMrU4PB2Uf&_nhids=mBWoTxNLy3\">\u003cu>The Trump campaign swiftly shared the Semafor story\u003c/u>\u003c/a> with supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>L.A. Times’ \u003c/em>editorials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/24/g-s1-29665/la-times-editor-resigns-presidential-endorsement\">\u003cu>editor, Mariel Garza, resigned\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, saying Soon-Shiong’s decision made the paper look “craven and hypocritical.” The newspaper has endorsed Harris, a Californian who lives in Los Angeles, for public office before; the paper’s editorial pages have routinely condemned Trump’s character, policies and record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-09-10/los-angeles-times-elections-endorsements-2024-november\">\u003cu>in endorsing state and local candidates\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, the \u003cem>L.A. Times \u003c/em>editorial page said voters would confront “the most consequential election in a generation” — though, it added, it was “not just talking about the presidential race.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publishers and owners have the right to weigh in on endorsements, of course, and often do so. This time, Soon-Shiong says he wanted something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the social media platform X, formerly Twitter, he wrote that the assignment had been to provide “clear and non-partisan information side-by-side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Editorial Board was provided the opportunity to draft a factual analysis of all the POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE policies by EACH candidate during their tenures at the White House, and how these policies affected the nation,” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/DrPatSoonShiong/status/1849217132183060705\">Soon-Shiong wrote\u003c/a>. “In addition, the Board was asked to provide their understanding of the policies and plans enunciated by the candidates during this campaign and its potential effect on the nation in the next four years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semafor Editor Smith noted that Soon-Shiong, like many media owners, has other business interests that can be directly affected by government actions. As a physician and medical inventor, Soon-Shiong has medical \u003ca href=\"https://www.urologytimes.com/view/dr-soon-shiong-discusses-the-fda-approval-of-n-803-in-nmibc\">\u003cu>products\u003c/u>\u003c/a> subject to review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and \u003ca href=\"https://patents.justia.com/inventor/patrick-soon-shiong\">\u003cu>applies for patents to federal regulators as well\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a lot of exposure to heavily regulated industries, I’d be very surprised if it’s something that media executives are not thinking about,” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, according to Stat News, which covers science, health care and medicine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/24/trump-patrick-soon-shiong-health-care/\">\u003cu>Soon-Shiong unsuccessfully sought a senior role\u003c/u>\u003c/a> overseeing U.S. health care at the outset of the Trump administration in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> did not respond to requests for comment beyond Soon-Shiong’s statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Concerns at NBC over Trump documentary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/22/nx-s1-5161480/trump-media-threats-abc-cbs-60-minutes-journalists\">\u003cu>repeatedly threatened\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to strip broadcast licenses from three big television networks — ABC, CBS and NBC — in retribution for moderators fact-checking him and running mate JD Vance during debates and for news coverage that Trump claims is unfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not how such federal regulation works: the Federal Communications Commission licenses local television and radio stations. However, the three broadcast networks own 80 local TV stations among them, making those licenses a pressure point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As CNN first reported, CBS News has \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/23/media/cbs-news-trump-60-minutes-legal-threat/index.html\">\u003cu>resisted Trump’s threats of legal action\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to force the release of its full, unedited interview with Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12011039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12011039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1081\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacob Soboroff attends Politicon at The Pasadena Convention Center on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2017, in Pasadena, Los Angeles County. \u003ccite>(Colin Young-Wolff/Invision/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“For the past decade, Donald Trump has been running a campaign against the media straight out of the playbook that authoritarians have used around the world, which is to threaten retaliation against news organizations if they don’t provide him with favorable enough coverage,” says Ian Bassin, an attorney and founder of the not-for-profit advocacy group Protect Democracy. “We are seeing now the seeds of that campaign bearing fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three journalists at left-leaning MSNBC told NPR that colleagues were concerned that a documentary produced by NBC News Studios about the effects of Trump’s policies on migrant families separated at the southern U.S. border will not be shown until early December, a month after Election Day. (The staffers asked for anonymity in order to discuss internal network matters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MSNBC star Rachel Maddow has been among the film’s biggest boosters internally. It is based on the reporting of NBC and MSNBC Correspondent Jacob Soboroff and directed by the noted filmmaker Errol Morris. Morris has publicly questioned the network’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is my movie not being shown on NBC prior to the election?” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/errolmorris/status/1842603262266237154\">\u003cu>Morris tweeted earlier this month\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. “It is not a partisan movie. It’s about a policy that was disgusting and should not be allowed to happen again. Make your own inferences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NBC News executives rejected the idea that political considerations had played any role in its programming decision about the film. MSNBC has shown another film, called \u003cem>From Russia with Lev\u003c/em>, about the allegations against Trump from an ally turned critic, Lev Parnas. Top MSNBC hosts have called Trump a “fascist” repeatedly in recent days, based on caustic characterizations from several of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/23/g-s1-29490/trump-john-kelly-fascist-dictator\">\u003cu>Trump’s former top aides\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, NBC News says it is proud of Soboroff’s film, noting it is based on reporting that previously aired on NBC and MSNBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fortunate that even amid this challenging documentary climate, we have been able to obtain significant visibility at several prestigious film festivals and an expanded theatrical run, which qualifies it for major awards, including the Oscars, ahead of its television debut soon,” it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soboroff has been on the network frequently, talking about related matters. NBC News Studios says it could not air the documentary while it is being shown at various film festivals and theaters. MSNBC officials concluded it would be better not to interrupt its intensifying political coverage immediately before Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lingering uncertainty over Washington Post endorsement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post’s \u003c/em>investigative reporters have been in the vanguard of exposing wrongdoing by Trump and his associates while in power. Its editorial section, which is operated separately, has been sharply critical of the former president.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12004928,news_11993255,news_11993392\"]Yet less than two weeks before Election Day, the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>’s opinion-section staff does not know whether the paper will run an editorial endorsement for president, according to two people at the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> with knowledge. (They asked for anonymity to talk about internal matters at the paper.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time \u003cem>The Post \u003c/em>did not make an endorsement for president in the general election was 1988, according to a review of archives. The \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> has been endorsing candidates for local office this fall. \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> endorsed Harris on Sept. 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Post\u003c/em> owner Jeff Bezos is the founder of Amazon and space company Blue Origin, both of which have contracts with the federal government. During the Trump administration, the Pentagon had to scrap a $10 billion cloud computing contract with Microsoft after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/10/804480574/amazon-wants-trump-to-testify-about-military-contract-awarded-to-microsoft\">\u003cu>Amazon filed a lawsuit\u003c/u>\u003c/a> alleging it had been passed over to punish Bezos for the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>’s reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-18/trump-says-he-s-looking-very-seriously-at-pentagon-cloud-deal\">\u003cu>Trump had said publicly\u003c/u>\u003c/a> that he, personally, had been reviewing the contract, which Amazon had previously been expected to win. Ultimately, four companies, including Amazon and Microsoft, were awarded parts of the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bezos’s new chief executive and publisher at the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>is Will Lewis, who has conservative bonafides. Lewis held the same role at Rupert Murdoch’s \u003cem>Wall Street Journal\u003c/em>; served as the editor of the London-based \u003cem>Telegraph\u003c/em>, which is closely allied with the Tory party; and was a consultant to Conservative Boris Johnson when Johnson was prime minister. Colleagues have told NPR that Bezos selected Lewis in part for his ability to get along with powerful conservative political figures, including Murdoch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corporate spokespersons for the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Outlets from the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> to perhaps even the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> are engaging in what the historian Timothy Snyder has called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/author/ian-bassin-and-maximillian-potter\">\u003cu>anticipatory obedience\u003c/u>\u003c/a> — pulling back from their obligation, to tell the truth in order to placate the tyrant so he doesn’t come after them,” Protect Democracy’s Bassin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Recent episodes involving major U.S. news organizations have stoked fears that outlets are preemptively self-censoring coverage that could offend former President Donald Trump.",
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"title": "Did the 'LA Times' and Other News Outlets Pull Punches to Appease Trump? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Recent episodes involving major U.S. news organizations have stoked fears that outlets are preemptively self-censoring coverage that could offend former President Donald Trump, who remains neck-and-neck in the polls with Vice President Kamala Harris ahead of Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the central media stories in the U.S. right now is the people who run big media companies making accommodations for a second Trump presidency and thinking about how to avoid antagonizing him,” Ben Smith, editor-in-chief and co-founder of the news site Semafor, tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Los Angeles Times editor resigns after owner blocks endorsement of Harris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Semafor’s Max Tani first broke the news that the owner of the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>, Patrick Soon-Shiong, \u003ca href=\"https://www.semafor.com/article/10/22/2024/los-angeles-times-wont-endorse-for-president\">\u003cu>intervened to block the publication\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of an editorial endorsing Harris. \u003ca href=\"https://djt.nucleusemail.com/amplify/v/QuvJhBzYRA?hids=mBWoTxNLy3&_nlid=rMrU4PB2Uf&_nhids=mBWoTxNLy3\">\u003cu>The Trump campaign swiftly shared the Semafor story\u003c/u>\u003c/a> with supporters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>L.A. Times’ \u003c/em>editorials \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/24/g-s1-29665/la-times-editor-resigns-presidential-endorsement\">\u003cu>editor, Mariel Garza, resigned\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, saying Soon-Shiong’s decision made the paper look “craven and hypocritical.” The newspaper has endorsed Harris, a Californian who lives in Los Angeles, for public office before; the paper’s editorial pages have routinely condemned Trump’s character, policies and record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2024-09-10/los-angeles-times-elections-endorsements-2024-november\">\u003cu>in endorsing state and local candidates\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, the \u003cem>L.A. Times \u003c/em>editorial page said voters would confront “the most consequential election in a generation” — though, it added, it was “not just talking about the presidential race.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publishers and owners have the right to weigh in on endorsements, of course, and often do so. This time, Soon-Shiong says he wanted something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the social media platform X, formerly Twitter, he wrote that the assignment had been to provide “clear and non-partisan information side-by-side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Editorial Board was provided the opportunity to draft a factual analysis of all the POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE policies by EACH candidate during their tenures at the White House, and how these policies affected the nation,” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/DrPatSoonShiong/status/1849217132183060705\">Soon-Shiong wrote\u003c/a>. “In addition, the Board was asked to provide their understanding of the policies and plans enunciated by the candidates during this campaign and its potential effect on the nation in the next four years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semafor Editor Smith noted that Soon-Shiong, like many media owners, has other business interests that can be directly affected by government actions. As a physician and medical inventor, Soon-Shiong has medical \u003ca href=\"https://www.urologytimes.com/view/dr-soon-shiong-discusses-the-fda-approval-of-n-803-in-nmibc\">\u003cu>products\u003c/u>\u003c/a> subject to review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and \u003ca href=\"https://patents.justia.com/inventor/patrick-soon-shiong\">\u003cu>applies for patents to federal regulators as well\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a lot of exposure to heavily regulated industries, I’d be very surprised if it’s something that media executives are not thinking about,” Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, according to Stat News, which covers science, health care and medicine, \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/01/24/trump-patrick-soon-shiong-health-care/\">\u003cu>Soon-Shiong unsuccessfully sought a senior role\u003c/u>\u003c/a> overseeing U.S. health care at the outset of the Trump administration in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> did not respond to requests for comment beyond Soon-Shiong’s statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Concerns at NBC over Trump documentary\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/22/nx-s1-5161480/trump-media-threats-abc-cbs-60-minutes-journalists\">\u003cu>repeatedly threatened\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to strip broadcast licenses from three big television networks — ABC, CBS and NBC — in retribution for moderators fact-checking him and running mate JD Vance during debates and for news coverage that Trump claims is unfair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not how such federal regulation works: the Federal Communications Commission licenses local television and radio stations. However, the three broadcast networks own 80 local TV stations among them, making those licenses a pressure point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As CNN first reported, CBS News has \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2024/10/23/media/cbs-news-trump-60-minutes-legal-threat/index.html\">\u003cu>resisted Trump’s threats of legal action\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to force the release of its full, unedited interview with Harris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12011039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12011039\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1081\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x541.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x689.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1038.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jacob Soboroff attends Politicon at The Pasadena Convention Center on Sunday, Aug. 30, 2017, in Pasadena, Los Angeles County. \u003ccite>(Colin Young-Wolff/Invision/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“For the past decade, Donald Trump has been running a campaign against the media straight out of the playbook that authoritarians have used around the world, which is to threaten retaliation against news organizations if they don’t provide him with favorable enough coverage,” says Ian Bassin, an attorney and founder of the not-for-profit advocacy group Protect Democracy. “We are seeing now the seeds of that campaign bearing fruit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three journalists at left-leaning MSNBC told NPR that colleagues were concerned that a documentary produced by NBC News Studios about the effects of Trump’s policies on migrant families separated at the southern U.S. border will not be shown until early December, a month after Election Day. (The staffers asked for anonymity in order to discuss internal network matters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MSNBC star Rachel Maddow has been among the film’s biggest boosters internally. It is based on the reporting of NBC and MSNBC Correspondent Jacob Soboroff and directed by the noted filmmaker Errol Morris. Morris has publicly questioned the network’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is my movie not being shown on NBC prior to the election?” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/errolmorris/status/1842603262266237154\">\u003cu>Morris tweeted earlier this month\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. “It is not a partisan movie. It’s about a policy that was disgusting and should not be allowed to happen again. Make your own inferences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NBC News executives rejected the idea that political considerations had played any role in its programming decision about the film. MSNBC has shown another film, called \u003cem>From Russia with Lev\u003c/em>, about the allegations against Trump from an ally turned critic, Lev Parnas. Top MSNBC hosts have called Trump a “fascist” repeatedly in recent days, based on caustic characterizations from several of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/23/g-s1-29490/trump-john-kelly-fascist-dictator\">\u003cu>Trump’s former top aides\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, NBC News says it is proud of Soboroff’s film, noting it is based on reporting that previously aired on NBC and MSNBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are fortunate that even amid this challenging documentary climate, we have been able to obtain significant visibility at several prestigious film festivals and an expanded theatrical run, which qualifies it for major awards, including the Oscars, ahead of its television debut soon,” it says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soboroff has been on the network frequently, talking about related matters. NBC News Studios says it could not air the documentary while it is being shown at various film festivals and theaters. MSNBC officials concluded it would be better not to interrupt its intensifying political coverage immediately before Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lingering uncertainty over Washington Post endorsement\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Washington Post’s \u003c/em>investigative reporters have been in the vanguard of exposing wrongdoing by Trump and his associates while in power. Its editorial section, which is operated separately, has been sharply critical of the former president.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Yet less than two weeks before Election Day, the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>’s opinion-section staff does not know whether the paper will run an editorial endorsement for president, according to two people at the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> with knowledge. (They asked for anonymity to talk about internal matters at the paper.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time \u003cem>The Post \u003c/em>did not make an endorsement for president in the general election was 1988, according to a review of archives. The \u003cem>Post\u003c/em> has been endorsing candidates for local office this fall. \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> endorsed Harris on Sept. 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Post\u003c/em> owner Jeff Bezos is the founder of Amazon and space company Blue Origin, both of which have contracts with the federal government. During the Trump administration, the Pentagon had to scrap a $10 billion cloud computing contract with Microsoft after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/02/10/804480574/amazon-wants-trump-to-testify-about-military-contract-awarded-to-microsoft\">\u003cu>Amazon filed a lawsuit\u003c/u>\u003c/a> alleging it had been passed over to punish Bezos for the \u003cem>Post\u003c/em>’s reporting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-07-18/trump-says-he-s-looking-very-seriously-at-pentagon-cloud-deal\">\u003cu>Trump had said publicly\u003c/u>\u003c/a> that he, personally, had been reviewing the contract, which Amazon had previously been expected to win. Ultimately, four companies, including Amazon and Microsoft, were awarded parts of the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bezos’s new chief executive and publisher at the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>is Will Lewis, who has conservative bonafides. Lewis held the same role at Rupert Murdoch’s \u003cem>Wall Street Journal\u003c/em>; served as the editor of the London-based \u003cem>Telegraph\u003c/em>, which is closely allied with the Tory party; and was a consultant to Conservative Boris Johnson when Johnson was prime minister. Colleagues have told NPR that Bezos selected Lewis in part for his ability to get along with powerful conservative political figures, including Murdoch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corporate spokespersons for the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> did not respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Outlets from the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> to perhaps even the \u003cem>Washington Post\u003c/em> are engaging in what the historian Timothy Snyder has called \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/author/ian-bassin-and-maximillian-potter\">\u003cu>anticipatory obedience\u003c/u>\u003c/a> — pulling back from their obligation, to tell the truth in order to placate the tyrant so he doesn’t come after them,” Protect Democracy’s Bassin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Biden administration is proposing a rule that would expand access to contraceptive products, including making over-the-counter birth control and condoms free for the first time for women of reproductive age who have private health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the proposal by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Labor Department and Treasury Department, which the administration announced on Monday, health insurance companies would be required to cover all recommended over-the-counter contraception products, such as condoms, spermicide and emergency contraception, without a prescription and at no cost, according to senior administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would also require private health insurance providers to notify recipients about the covered over-the-counter products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed rule comes as the Biden administration seeks to expand access to contraceptives and as other reproductive health, including access to abortion, has become a central issue in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/20/g-s1-23971/harris-abortion-preventable-deaths-georgia\">2024 presidential election campaign\u003c/a>. Republican-led states have restricted access to abortion since the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade in 2022. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/05/22/1252771024/state-abortion-laws-2024-election\">About half of states\u003c/a> now ban or severely restrict abortion, which has coincided with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/nx-s1-5020324\">steep declines\u003c/a> in prescriptions for birth control and emergency contraception in those states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HHS Secretary Xavier Becerra said when health care insurers impose burdensome administrative or cost-sharing requirements for services, “access to contraceptives become even more difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have heard from women who need a specific brand of birth control but the cost of their prescription isn’t covered by their health insurance. We have made clear that in all 50 states, the Affordable Care Act guarantees coverage of women’s preventive services without cost sharing, including all birth control methods approved by the Food and Drug Administration,” Becerra told reporters. “This proposed rule will build on the progress we have already made under the Affordable Care Act to help ensure that more women can access the contraceptive services they need without out-of-pocket costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more on reproductive health\" tag=\"reproductive-health\"]The products would be able to be accessed the same way prescription medicines are accessed, such as at the pharmacy counter, according to senior administration officials. Getting the products through reimbursement would also be an option, depending on the health insurance plan, officials said.\u003cbr>\nBirth control became available to those with insurance without a copay because of the Affordable Care Act, but that required a prescription.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2023, a daily oral birth control pill, Opill, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/13/1187460902/opill-fda-approve-otc-birth-control-pill\" target=\"1187460902\" rel=\"noopener\">became the first over-the-counter birth control pill\u003c/a> to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. It became \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/04/1235404522/opill-over-counter-birth-control-pill-contraceptive-shop\" target=\"1235404522\" rel=\"noopener\">available for purchase online\u003c/a> in March and can be purchased for $19.99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration in January \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/01/22/fact-sheet-white-house-task-force-on-reproductive-healthcare-access-announces-new-actions-and-marks-the-51st-anniversary-of-roe-v-wade/\">announced several actions\u003c/a> aimed at strengthening access to abortion and contraceptives, including the Office of Personnel Management issuing guidance to insurers that will expand access to contraception for federal workers, families and retirees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be a comment period on the proposed rule, and if approved, it could go into effect in 2025, according to senior administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if former President Donald Trump wins the election, he could reverse the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Sydney Lupkin and Bill Chappell contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The products would be able to be accessed the same way prescription medicines are accessed, such as at the pharmacy counter, according to senior administration officials. Getting the products through reimbursement would also be an option, depending on the health insurance plan, officials said.\u003cbr>\nBirth control became available to those with insurance without a copay because of the Affordable Care Act, but that required a prescription.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2023, a daily oral birth control pill, Opill, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/13/1187460902/opill-fda-approve-otc-birth-control-pill\" target=\"1187460902\" rel=\"noopener\">became the first over-the-counter birth control pill\u003c/a> to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration. It became \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/03/04/1235404522/opill-over-counter-birth-control-pill-contraceptive-shop\" target=\"1235404522\" rel=\"noopener\">available for purchase online\u003c/a> in March and can be purchased for $19.99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration in January \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2024/01/22/fact-sheet-white-house-task-force-on-reproductive-healthcare-access-announces-new-actions-and-marks-the-51st-anniversary-of-roe-v-wade/\">announced several actions\u003c/a> aimed at strengthening access to abortion and contraceptives, including the Office of Personnel Management issuing guidance to insurers that will expand access to contraception for federal workers, families and retirees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There will be a comment period on the proposed rule, and if approved, it could go into effect in 2025, according to senior administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, if former President Donald Trump wins the election, he could reverse the rule.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Sydney Lupkin and Bill Chappell contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A hack this month on the world’s largest archive of the internet — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151702292/how-do-you-create-an-internet-archive-of-all-human-knowledge\">whose mission\u003c/a> is to provide “universal access to all knowledge” — has compromised millions of users’ information and forced a temporary shutdown of its services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack on the Internet Archive leaked identifying information from more than 31 million user accounts, including patron email addresses and encrypted passwords, according to the website \u003ca href=\"https://haveibeenpwned.com/\">Have I Been Pwnd\u003c/a>, which tracks accounts that may be compromised in a data breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"more on cybersecurity\" tag=\"cybersecurity\"]The Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco that operates on a shoestring budget, provides free access to its enormous digitized library of websites, current and past software applications and print materials. The organization said its vast cache of archival material “is safe” following the breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IA said that it took down the entire site temporarily to “access and improve our security.” By Friday, most of its services were back online, including its archive tool of websites, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151702292/how-do-you-create-an-internet-archive-of-all-human-knowledge\">the Wayback Machine\u003c/a>. The IA said it was working “around the clock” and through the weekend to restore the rest of its services securely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In coming days, more services will resume, some starting in read-only mode as full restoration will take more time,” read a blog entry from IA founder \u003ca href=\"https://blog.archive.org/2024/10/18/internet-archive-services-update-2024-10-17/\">Brewster Kahle posted Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the attack surfaced on Oct. 9, with visitors to archive.org sharing screenshots showing that the website’s JavaScript had been defaced with a message that the Internet Archive had been breached:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]“Have you ever felt like the Internet Archive runs on sticks and is constantly on the verge of suffering a catastrophic security breach? It just happened. See 31 million of you on [Have I Been Pwnd],” read the JavaScript alert that momentarily appeared on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re taking a cautious, deliberate approach to rebuild and strengthen our defenses. Our priority is ensuring the Internet Archive comes online stronger and more secure,” Kahle said in his blog post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted other recent cyberattacks on libraries — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bl.uk/cyber-incident/\">British Library\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-public-library-still-reeling-from-may-cyberattack/\">Seattle Public Library\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-library-ransomware-recovery-1.7126412\">Toronto Public Library\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-public-library-investigation-cyberattack-1.7353097\">Calgary Public Library\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope these attacks are not indicative of a trend,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the Internet Archive saw its first attack since its founding in 1996, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2024/10/18/internet-archive-hack-wayback/\">Kahle told\u003cem> The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and intermittent outages have followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/30/823797545/authors-publishers-condemn-the-national-emergency-library-as-piracy\">2020\u003c/a>, the Internet Archive has been dogged by lawsuits over its digitization of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/internet-archive-loses-hachette-books-case-appeal/\">copyrighted books\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/internet-archive-major-label-music-lawsuit-1235105273/\">music\u003c/a>. Kahle told the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>the costly fines from the lawsuits could amount to a death blow for the archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit has yet to share further updates on the breach of sensitive information. NPR has reached out to the Internet Archive for more details about the attack and how its patrons were affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Internet Archive, a nonprofit based in San Francisco that operates on a shoestring budget, provides free access to its enormous digitized library of websites, current and past software applications and print materials. The organization said its vast cache of archival material “is safe” following the breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IA said that it took down the entire site temporarily to “access and improve our security.” By Friday, most of its services were back online, including its archive tool of websites, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/27/1151702292/how-do-you-create-an-internet-archive-of-all-human-knowledge\">the Wayback Machine\u003c/a>. The IA said it was working “around the clock” and through the weekend to restore the rest of its services securely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In coming days, more services will resume, some starting in read-only mode as full restoration will take more time,” read a blog entry from IA founder \u003ca href=\"https://blog.archive.org/2024/10/18/internet-archive-services-update-2024-10-17/\">Brewster Kahle posted Friday\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of the attack surfaced on Oct. 9, with visitors to archive.org sharing screenshots showing that the website’s JavaScript had been defaced with a message that the Internet Archive had been breached:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Have you ever felt like the Internet Archive runs on sticks and is constantly on the verge of suffering a catastrophic security breach? It just happened. See 31 million of you on [Have I Been Pwnd],” read the JavaScript alert that momentarily appeared on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re taking a cautious, deliberate approach to rebuild and strengthen our defenses. Our priority is ensuring the Internet Archive comes online stronger and more secure,” Kahle said in his blog post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted other recent cyberattacks on libraries — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.bl.uk/cyber-incident/\">British Library\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-public-library-still-reeling-from-may-cyberattack/\">Seattle Public Library\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-library-ransomware-recovery-1.7126412\">Toronto Public Library\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/calgary-public-library-investigation-cyberattack-1.7353097\">Calgary Public Library\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope these attacks are not indicative of a trend,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, the Internet Archive saw its first attack since its founding in 1996, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2024/10/18/internet-archive-hack-wayback/\">Kahle told\u003cem> The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, and intermittent outages have followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/03/30/823797545/authors-publishers-condemn-the-national-emergency-library-as-piracy\">2020\u003c/a>, the Internet Archive has been dogged by lawsuits over its digitization of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/internet-archive-loses-hachette-books-case-appeal/\">copyrighted books\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollingstone.com/music/music-features/internet-archive-major-label-music-lawsuit-1235105273/\">music\u003c/a>. Kahle told the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>the costly fines from the lawsuits could amount to a death blow for the archive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit has yet to share further updates on the breach of sensitive information. NPR has reached out to the Internet Archive for more details about the attack and how its patrons were affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The federal government will soon protect more than 4,500 square miles of ocean off the Central California coast. The Biden administration is creating a new national marine sanctuary, which will be the third largest in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sanctuary is also the first to be led by Indigenous people. It was nominated by members of the Northern Chumash Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>who drove the effort for more than a decade\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to protect the rugged coastline that is their historical homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, the new \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/\">\u003cu>Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> will be managed in partnership with tribes and Indigenous groups in the area, who will advise the federal government. It marks a growing movement under the Biden administration to give tribes a say over the lands and waters that were taken from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still here, and so are the Indigenous people wherever you live,” says Violet Sage Walker, chairwoman of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council, who led the campaign for the sanctuary. “Being able to address climate change, use traditional ecological knowledge, and participate in co-management is Indigenous peoples’ contribution to saving the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff1%2F6b%2F9ec7bc0b4453869e43ddd7e1adb4%2Funderwater2.gif\" alt=\"The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem.\">\u003cfigcaption>The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final sanctuary boundaries are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/24/1195653011/biden-proposes-vast-new-marine-sanctuary-in-partnership-with-california-tribe\">\u003cu>smaller than originally proposed\u003c/u>\u003c/a> due to California’s burgeoning offshore wind industry. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says it plans to look at expanding the sanctuary in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National marine sanctuaries are similar to a national forest on land. The new sanctuary will be protected from oil and gas drilling, as well as undersea mining, while fishing is still permitted. It also means more public outreach and monitoring for environmental impacts, something NOAA says is vital to understanding how the ecosystem is being affected by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will protect what they love, and they won’t love it unless they understand it,” says Paul Michel, regional policy coordinator for NOAA’s West Coast Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. “One of our challenges is to share this incredible resource with people to encourage their advocacy and support for ocean conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A vision for protection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>fulfillment of a lifelong dream\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of Walker’s father, Fred Collins. He nominated the area to become a sanctuary in 2015 with NOAA. The proposal languished under the Trump administration, and Collins passed away several years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all my dad ever wanted, that people would know that we are the stewards of this land,” Walker says. “One of the last conversations we had in the hospital before he passed away, he says the sanctuary was one of the most important things he did and that he wanted me to finish it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009358\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009358\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\" alt='A map with different regions highlighted in shades of blue with a title that reads \"New national marine sanctuary off the California coast.\"' width=\"1672\" height=\"1496\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM.png 1672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-800x716.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1020x913.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-160x143.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1536x1374.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ccite>(Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is home to a diverse marine ecosystem, where dense kelp forests support a broad array of l,ife from sea otters to migrating whales. For Walker, the area is also home to many sacred sites dating back thousands of years, like the rocky cliffs known as Point Conception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s where we spiritually believe that all people leave this world into the next life,” she says. “They take their journey – whatever faith you are, whatever spirituality you have – and that area will be fully and forever protected. For my father, our ancestors, elders who have passed – I think they would be the most excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Ocean has also been hit hard by climate change, like the massive marine heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/06/758042120/is-the-blob-back-latest-marine-heat-wave-could-pose-new-risks-to-sea-life\">\u003cu>known as “the Blob,”\u003c/u>\u003c/a> which dramatically altered the food web from 2014–16, affecting everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234718984/humpback-whale-decline-pacific-climate-change\">\u003cu>the tiniest creatures to massive whales\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historic designation of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary comes not a moment too soon,” says Congressman Salud Carbajal, who represents the area. “As our oceans and communities face unprecedented challenges from a changing marine environment, this new sanctuary comes at a critical time for our region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Compromise with the wind industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2022, the federal government held the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/biden-harris-administration-announces-winners-california-offshore-wind-energy-auction\">\u003cu>first offshore wind leases\u003c/u>\u003c/a> on the West Coast, opening the door for wind energy. The new floating turbines will be outside the sanctuary, but under the original sanctuary boundary, the undersea cables that bring power to shore would have been within it.[aside postID=\"news_11985188,news_11959107\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After negotiations, wind energy companies and tribal groups agreed to a smaller boundary for the sanctuary, with a \u003ca href=\"https://evenkeelwind.invenergy.com/news/northern-chumash-tribal-council-and-morro-bay-offshore-wind-leaseholders-announce-joint-support-for-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>phased approach to expand it\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. The current boundary leaves a corridor for wind energy infrastructure to be built. After that, NOAA has said it will begin the process of considering expanding the sanctuary to the original proposed size, something wind companies say they’ll support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a commitment to ensuring that infrastructure advances with consideration of the natural environment and species of concern and sensitive natural resources,” says Erin Lieberman, vice president of environmental compliance and strategy at Invenergy, one of the wind companies developing a project. “How we incorporate that into our project placement and our project design is a priority. And I hope and believe that we can be a model for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F6a%2Fb4%2Ff1d45e9342ac9cab1a5b8c76ba3b%2Fsanctuary1.gif\" alt=\"NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead, after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms.\">\u003cfigcaption>NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms. \u003ccite> (NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Offshore wind energy could be vital for California to reach its goal of getting 100% of its electricity by 2045 from sources that don’t emit planet-heating pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://schwarzenegger.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/images/files/OSW_Report.pdf\">\u003cu>Studies show\u003c/u>\u003c/a> offshore wind produces power at a vital time for the state – right as the sun sets and solar farms start turning off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compromises were made, but I think that’s the way we also move forward with addressing climate change,” Walker says. “Dealing with renewable green energy is not always easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Developing Indigenous co-management\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NOAA says it plans to manage the new Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary with input from the \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/indigenous-heritage/\">\u003cu>tribes and Indigenous groups in the area\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. Since only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized, the involvement may look different for different groups, something NOAA is still determining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, what this represents is a starting point because we realize we’ve got a lot of work to do to get to know one another, to build some trust,” Michel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has piloted Indigenous co-management in a handful of places, \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">\u003cu>like at the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> in Washington state. On land, the government is also working with \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/blm-forest-service-and-five-tribes-bears-ears-commission-commit-historic-co-management\">\u003cu>five tribes in managing\u003c/u>\u003c/a> the Bears Ears National Monument in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After centuries of displacement and violence, Walker says it will take time for Indigenous peoples to repair the relationship with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big step for them and we’ll just see how things go,” Walker says. “As long as I’m breathing, we’re going to be fighting to protect our Earth, Mother Earth. That’s just who most Indigenous people are.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The federal government will soon protect more than 4,500 square miles of ocean off the Central California coast. The Biden administration is creating a new national marine sanctuary, which will be the third largest in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sanctuary is also the first to be led by Indigenous people. It was nominated by members of the Northern Chumash Tribe, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>who drove the effort for more than a decade\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to protect the rugged coastline that is their historical homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Going forward, the new \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/\">\u003cu>Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> will be managed in partnership with tribes and Indigenous groups in the area, who will advise the federal government. It marks a growing movement under the Biden administration to give tribes a say over the lands and waters that were taken from them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re still here, and so are the Indigenous people wherever you live,” says Violet Sage Walker, chairwoman of the Northern Chumash Tribal Council, who led the campaign for the sanctuary. “Being able to address climate change, use traditional ecological knowledge, and participate in co-management is Indigenous peoples’ contribution to saving the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Ff1%2F6b%2F9ec7bc0b4453869e43ddd7e1adb4%2Funderwater2.gif\" alt=\"The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem.\">\u003cfigcaption>The Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary will become the sixth off the West Coast, protecting a vibrant marine ecosystem. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The final sanctuary boundaries are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/24/1195653011/biden-proposes-vast-new-marine-sanctuary-in-partnership-with-california-tribe\">\u003cu>smaller than originally proposed\u003c/u>\u003c/a> due to California’s burgeoning offshore wind industry. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) says it plans to look at expanding the sanctuary in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National marine sanctuaries are similar to a national forest on land. The new sanctuary will be protected from oil and gas drilling, as well as undersea mining, while fishing is still permitted. It also means more public outreach and monitoring for environmental impacts, something NOAA says is vital to understanding how the ecosystem is being affected by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will protect what they love, and they won’t love it unless they understand it,” says Paul Michel, regional policy coordinator for NOAA’s West Coast Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. “One of our challenges is to share this incredible resource with people to encourage their advocacy and support for ocean conservation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A vision for protection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/10/1192122040/chumash-tribe-california-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>fulfillment of a lifelong dream\u003c/u>\u003c/a> of Walker’s father, Fred Collins. He nominated the area to become a sanctuary in 2015 with NOAA. The proposal languished under the Trump administration, and Collins passed away several years later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all my dad ever wanted, that people would know that we are the stewards of this land,” Walker says. “One of the last conversations we had in the hospital before he passed away, he says the sanctuary was one of the most important things he did and that he wanted me to finish it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009358\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009358\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52%E2%80%AFAM.png\" alt='A map with different regions highlighted in shades of blue with a title that reads \"New national marine sanctuary off the California coast.\"' width=\"1672\" height=\"1496\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM.png 1672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-800x716.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1020x913.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-160x143.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Screenshot-2024-10-14-at-10.48.52 AM-1536x1374.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1672px) 100vw, 1672px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ccite>(Connie Hanzhang Jin/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The new sanctuary is home to a diverse marine ecosystem, where dense kelp forests support a broad array of l,ife from sea otters to migrating whales. For Walker, the area is also home to many sacred sites dating back thousands of years, like the rocky cliffs known as Point Conception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s where we spiritually believe that all people leave this world into the next life,” she says. “They take their journey – whatever faith you are, whatever spirituality you have – and that area will be fully and forever protected. For my father, our ancestors, elders who have passed – I think they would be the most excited about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pacific Ocean has also been hit hard by climate change, like the massive marine heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/06/758042120/is-the-blob-back-latest-marine-heat-wave-could-pose-new-risks-to-sea-life\">\u003cu>known as “the Blob,”\u003c/u>\u003c/a> which dramatically altered the food web from 2014–16, affecting everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/29/1234718984/humpback-whale-decline-pacific-climate-change\">\u003cu>the tiniest creatures to massive whales\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The historic designation of the Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary comes not a moment too soon,” says Congressman Salud Carbajal, who represents the area. “As our oceans and communities face unprecedented challenges from a changing marine environment, this new sanctuary comes at a critical time for our region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Compromise with the wind industry\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2022, the federal government held the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/biden-harris-administration-announces-winners-california-offshore-wind-energy-auction\">\u003cu>first offshore wind leases\u003c/u>\u003c/a> on the West Coast, opening the door for wind energy. The new floating turbines will be outside the sanctuary, but under the original sanctuary boundary, the undersea cables that bring power to shore would have been within it.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After negotiations, wind energy companies and tribal groups agreed to a smaller boundary for the sanctuary, with a \u003ca href=\"https://evenkeelwind.invenergy.com/news/northern-chumash-tribal-council-and-morro-bay-offshore-wind-leaseholders-announce-joint-support-for-marine-sanctuary\">\u003cu>phased approach to expand it\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. The current boundary leaves a corridor for wind energy infrastructure to be built. After that, NOAA has said it will begin the process of considering expanding the sanctuary to the original proposed size, something wind companies say they’ll support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a commitment to ensuring that infrastructure advances with consideration of the natural environment and species of concern and sensitive natural resources,” says Erin Lieberman, vice president of environmental compliance and strategy at Invenergy, one of the wind companies developing a project. “How we incorporate that into our project placement and our project design is a priority. And I hope and believe that we can be a model for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1000x563+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F6a%2Fb4%2Ff1d45e9342ac9cab1a5b8c76ba3b%2Fsanctuary1.gif\" alt=\"NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead, after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms.\">\u003cfigcaption>NOAA plans to consider expanding the new Chumash Heritage Marine Sanctuary in the years ahead after new infrastructure is built for offshore wind farms. \u003ccite> (NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Offshore wind energy could be vital for California to reach its goal of getting 100% of its electricity by 2045 from sources that don’t emit planet-heating pollution. \u003ca href=\"https://schwarzenegger.usc.edu/wp-content/uploads/images/files/OSW_Report.pdf\">\u003cu>Studies show\u003c/u>\u003c/a> offshore wind produces power at a vital time for the state – right as the sun sets and solar farms start turning off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compromises were made, but I think that’s the way we also move forward with addressing climate change,” Walker says. “Dealing with renewable green energy is not always easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Developing Indigenous co-management\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NOAA says it plans to manage the new Chumash Heritage National Marine Sanctuary with input from the \u003ca href=\"https://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/chumash-heritage/indigenous-heritage/\">\u003cu>tribes and Indigenous groups in the area\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. Since only one band of Chumash, the Santa Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians, is federally recognized, the involvement may look different for different groups, something NOAA is still determining.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Really, what this represents is a starting point because we realize we’ve got a lot of work to do to get to know one another, to build some trust,” Michel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government has piloted Indigenous co-management in a handful of places, \u003ca href=\"https://olympiccoast.noaa.gov/management/intergovernmentalpolicy.html\">\u003cu>like at the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/u>\u003c/a> in Washington state. On land, the government is also working with \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/blm-forest-service-and-five-tribes-bears-ears-commission-commit-historic-co-management\">\u003cu>five tribes in managing\u003c/u>\u003c/a> the Bears Ears National Monument in Utah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After centuries of displacement and violence, Walker says it will take time for Indigenous peoples to repair the relationship with the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big step for them and we’ll just see how things go,” Walker says. “As long as I’m breathing, we’re going to be fighting to protect our Earth, Mother Earth. That’s just who most Indigenous people are.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Brenda H. almost didn’t make it to her first day of college. She tried to apply for financial aid through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) four times, but encountered glitch after glitch — including a widespread bug that impacted students whose parents or spouses don’t have Social Security numbers. Brenda’s parents are both undocumented, which is why Brenda requested we keep their last name out of this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until her fifth attempt this spring that Brenda was finally able to submit her FAFSA. The delay meant she committed to a college — California State University, Northridge — without knowing if she could afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was entering college blind,” she says as she thinks back to that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her financial aid package finally came, she says she was speechless. “My mouth dropped to the floor.” There were only a few weeks left before school started, and her award offer was much lower than she had planned for. “I was mad at FAFSA,” she says. “So I went in blind, I went in confused, and I went in angry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/24/nx-s1-5121218/fafsa-college-financial-aid-gao\">\u003cu>FAFSA debacle\u003c/u>\u003c/a> has followed students like Brenda into the school year, as the repercussions of months-long delays from the last financial aid cycle continue to play out. Many colleges traditionally ask students to commit to their school by May 1, but the National College Attainment Network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/page/FAFSAtracker\">\u003cu>estimated that\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, compared to last year, about 408,000 fewer high school seniors had successfully completed their FAFSA as of that week. Some colleges responded by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/05/1242776503/college-fafsa-financial-aid\">\u003cu>pushing their commitment deadlines\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, but the delays still left Brenda, and others like her, forced to make all kinds of decisions about college without knowing how they would pay for it. Now, many of those students are fighting to stay in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Brenda, that meant scrambling to find housing nearby — a room that’s a 30-minute bus ride from campus — and making her own lunches to save money. She’s hoping to get more aid out of the next FAFSA cycle, which has again been delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education began testing this year’s form with a limited number of students on Oct. 1, the form’s traditional release date. The agency says it’s working to fix glitches and release the application to all students by Dec. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I’m wondering how I’m going to pay for the next semester’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brenda’s mom is a seamstress and her dad works for a bulk spice market. Nobody in her family has ever been to college, so she didn’t grow up thinking she’d get a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed in 11th grade, when Brenda started taking drum lessons in the basement of a local nonprofit in Downtown Los Angeles. Kid City Hope Place serves low-income students with educational programs, financial aid help and activities meant to get them excited about higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember I was so scared of the upstairs kids because they were all about college, all about [their] future. And back in junior year, I didn’t even think I would go to college,” Brenda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009019\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1182\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-800x591.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1536x1135.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kid City Hope Place helped inspire Brenda to apply to college. The organization serves low-income students with educational programs, financial aid help and activities meant to get them excited about higher education. \u003ccite>(Jonaki Mehta/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim Fabian, the project director at Kid City, jokes that their music program is just a way to draw kids to the college access program upstairs. “It actually is one of the tactics we use for some of the students who might fall between the cracks — the students that aren’t high achieving, but aren’t low achieving, and they get stuck somewhere in the middle. They just need a gentle push.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case for Brenda, who says, “I just didn’t see a future for myself. But once I started going to the [college access] program at the end of my junior year, they encouraged me to apply to college, and encouraged me to apply for the FAFSA. They encouraged me to just go for it. Like, ‘You won’t regret this.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda’s counselors told her that because her family was low-income, she would likely qualify for substantial financial aid. Excited about the prospect of going to a four-year university, Brenda forged ahead and applied to colleges last fall, and then to the FAFSA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fabian says she didn’t know what to say earlier this year when the FAFSA application process failed every single Kid City family who applied. “It felt like a broken promise,” she says. “It was impossible to not feel that guilty feeling because we’re the intermediaries that are supposed to make these dreams happen, make this possible, give you a hand, talk you through the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the delays caused Brenda anxiety, she felt better when she saw her friends from higher-income families receive enough aid to cover their education. She was certain the same would be true for her. But when Brenda’s financial aid offer finally came in July, just a few weeks before school was set to begin, “I completely panicked,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She received a Pell Grant for $970 per semester, and was offered $2,750 in federal student loans each semester. That aid amount just about covers her tuition, but she’s on her own when it comes to housing, food, books and transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Brenda did manage to cobble together enough money to start classes in the fall, she says the financial stress has made it hard to focus on her actual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me think about my future … and sometimes I’ll catch myself not focusing in class because I’m wondering how I’m going to pay for the next semester.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just an application, but a gateway to ‘a life plan’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brenda is majoring in psychology. She has struggled with her own mental health and couldn’t get the help she needed, so she wants to become a therapist to help kids like her. But she’s worried about whether she can afford to finish her degree.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11999471,news_11957693,news_11987754\"]Brenda says this whole experience made her realize that, for her, the FAFSA isn’t just a bureaucratic application that results in a sum of money — it’s a gateway to “a life-plan.” Had she gotten her aid package in a timely manner, she could have made a more informed decision about college, applied to scholarships and maybe the entire thing would have been less stressful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole process, everything I experienced, just traumatized me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it was frustrating to hear the form was delayed again this year, but every time she feels discouraged about paying for her education, she thinks about her 2- and 3-year-old nieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to be a role model for them. I want them to know, ‘You can go to college. You’re not bound to be like your parents, you’re not bound to be like your grandparents. You can go to college and make a name for yourself.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she waits to apply to the next FAFSA, she’s trying to stay focused on her coursework, and on her newfound independence. Recently, she stayed out past midnight for the first time, and had her first sleepover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like ‘Wow! I feel so independent. I feel so adult.’ I’ve been experiencing a lot more in college than I did in the past 17 years of my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Brenda hopes she can keep having those new life experiences. But it’ll depend on whether she can afford to keep getting the education she never even dreamed of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Brenda H. almost didn’t make it to her first day of college. She tried to apply for financial aid through the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) four times, but encountered glitch after glitch — including a widespread bug that impacted students whose parents or spouses don’t have Social Security numbers. Brenda’s parents are both undocumented, which is why Brenda requested we keep their last name out of this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t until her fifth attempt this spring that Brenda was finally able to submit her FAFSA. The delay meant she committed to a college — California State University, Northridge — without knowing if she could afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was entering college blind,” she says as she thinks back to that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her financial aid package finally came, she says she was speechless. “My mouth dropped to the floor.” There were only a few weeks left before school started, and her award offer was much lower than she had planned for. “I was mad at FAFSA,” she says. “So I went in blind, I went in confused, and I went in angry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/24/nx-s1-5121218/fafsa-college-financial-aid-gao\">\u003cu>FAFSA debacle\u003c/u>\u003c/a> has followed students like Brenda into the school year, as the repercussions of months-long delays from the last financial aid cycle continue to play out. Many colleges traditionally ask students to commit to their school by May 1, but the National College Attainment Network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/page/FAFSAtracker\">\u003cu>estimated that\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, compared to last year, about 408,000 fewer high school seniors had successfully completed their FAFSA as of that week. Some colleges responded by \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/05/1242776503/college-fafsa-financial-aid\">\u003cu>pushing their commitment deadlines\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, but the delays still left Brenda, and others like her, forced to make all kinds of decisions about college without knowing how they would pay for it. Now, many of those students are fighting to stay in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Brenda, that meant scrambling to find housing nearby — a room that’s a 30-minute bus ride from campus — and making her own lunches to save money. She’s hoping to get more aid out of the next FAFSA cycle, which has again been delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Education began testing this year’s form with a limited number of students on Oct. 1, the form’s traditional release date. The agency says it’s working to fix glitches and release the application to all students by Dec. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I’m wondering how I’m going to pay for the next semester’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brenda’s mom is a seamstress and her dad works for a bulk spice market. Nobody in her family has ever been to college, so she didn’t grow up thinking she’d get a degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed in 11th grade, when Brenda started taking drum lessons in the basement of a local nonprofit in Downtown Los Angeles. Kid City Hope Place serves low-income students with educational programs, financial aid help and activities meant to get them excited about higher education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember I was so scared of the upstairs kids because they were all about college, all about [their] future. And back in junior year, I didn’t even think I would go to college,” Brenda says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12009019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12009019\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1182\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-800x591.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1020x754.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1536x1135.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kid City Hope Place helped inspire Brenda to apply to college. The organization serves low-income students with educational programs, financial aid help and activities meant to get them excited about higher education. \u003ccite>(Jonaki Mehta/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kim Fabian, the project director at Kid City, jokes that their music program is just a way to draw kids to the college access program upstairs. “It actually is one of the tactics we use for some of the students who might fall between the cracks — the students that aren’t high achieving, but aren’t low achieving, and they get stuck somewhere in the middle. They just need a gentle push.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the case for Brenda, who says, “I just didn’t see a future for myself. But once I started going to the [college access] program at the end of my junior year, they encouraged me to apply to college, and encouraged me to apply for the FAFSA. They encouraged me to just go for it. Like, ‘You won’t regret this.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brenda’s counselors told her that because her family was low-income, she would likely qualify for substantial financial aid. Excited about the prospect of going to a four-year university, Brenda forged ahead and applied to colleges last fall, and then to the FAFSA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fabian says she didn’t know what to say earlier this year when the FAFSA application process failed every single Kid City family who applied. “It felt like a broken promise,” she says. “It was impossible to not feel that guilty feeling because we’re the intermediaries that are supposed to make these dreams happen, make this possible, give you a hand, talk you through the process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the delays caused Brenda anxiety, she felt better when she saw her friends from higher-income families receive enough aid to cover their education. She was certain the same would be true for her. But when Brenda’s financial aid offer finally came in July, just a few weeks before school was set to begin, “I completely panicked,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She received a Pell Grant for $970 per semester, and was offered $2,750 in federal student loans each semester. That aid amount just about covers her tuition, but she’s on her own when it comes to housing, food, books and transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Brenda did manage to cobble together enough money to start classes in the fall, she says the financial stress has made it hard to focus on her actual education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes me think about my future … and sometimes I’ll catch myself not focusing in class because I’m wondering how I’m going to pay for the next semester.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Not just an application, but a gateway to ‘a life plan’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Brenda is majoring in psychology. She has struggled with her own mental health and couldn’t get the help she needed, so she wants to become a therapist to help kids like her. But she’s worried about whether she can afford to finish her degree.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Brenda says this whole experience made her realize that, for her, the FAFSA isn’t just a bureaucratic application that results in a sum of money — it’s a gateway to “a life-plan.” Had she gotten her aid package in a timely manner, she could have made a more informed decision about college, applied to scholarships and maybe the entire thing would have been less stressful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This whole process, everything I experienced, just traumatized me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says it was frustrating to hear the form was delayed again this year, but every time she feels discouraged about paying for her education, she thinks about her 2- and 3-year-old nieces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to be a role model for them. I want them to know, ‘You can go to college. You’re not bound to be like your parents, you’re not bound to be like your grandparents. You can go to college and make a name for yourself.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she waits to apply to the next FAFSA, she’s trying to stay focused on her coursework, and on her newfound independence. Recently, she stayed out past midnight for the first time, and had her first sleepover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like ‘Wow! I feel so independent. I feel so adult.’ I’ve been experiencing a lot more in college than I did in the past 17 years of my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Brenda hopes she can keep having those new life experiences. But it’ll depend on whether she can afford to keep getting the education she never even dreamed of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Department of Justice is proposing a series of sanctions against Google to ensure it can no longer monopolize the search engine market. In a filing late Tuesday night, the government laid out its framework for reining in the tech giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals include possibly putting an end to exclusive agreements Google has with companies like Apple and Samsung, and prohibiting certain kinds of data tracking. The government wrote that it’s considering “behavioral and structural” remedies that would ensure Google couldn’t use its Chrome browser or Android phone in a way that advantages its search engine, but didn’t outline what the structural remedies would be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google’s anticompetitive conduct resulted in interlocking and pernicious harms,” reads the filing. The markets Google controls, it continues, “are indispensable to the lives of all Americans, whether as individuals or as business owners, and the importance of effectively unfettering these markets and restoring competition cannot be overstated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32-page filing follows federal Judge Amit Mehta’s ruling in August that Google had acted illegally to maintain a monopoly on the search engine market. That ruling was the culmination of an antitrust lawsuit that the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/20/925736276/google-abuses-its-monopoly-power-over-search-justice-department-says-in-lawsuit\">\u003cu>filed against Google in 2020\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, which was joined by 38 state attorneys general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department accused Google of illegally orchestrating its business dealings to ensure its search engine dominated the market. After a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/12/1198558372/doj-google-monopoly-antitrust-trial-search-engine\">\u003cu>10-week trial last fall\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, Mehta ruled in favor of the Justice Department. Google has said it will appeal this decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s filing on Tuesday is its initial set of proposals to seek remedies against Google. In the filing, the Justice Department said it intends to go through court-ordered discovery for further evidence to support its stance. It will file a more refined framework in November and Google will have a chance to propose its own remedies in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/public-policy/doj-search-remedies-framework/\">blog post\u003c/a> published Tuesday night, Google’s vice president of global affairs, Lee-Anne Mulholland, wrote, “We are concerned the DOJ is already signaling requests that go far beyond the specific legal issues in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulholland appears to be interpreting the government’s filing as calling for the breakup of Google’s Chrome and Android businesses. She argues that those businesses have cost the company billions to develop. They are free and have open-source code that has benefited competitors and customers, she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake: Breaking them off would change their business models, raise the cost of devices, and undermine Android and Google Play in their robust competition with Apple’s iPhone and App Store,” she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a major turning point in the regulation of Big Tech. Monopolies aren’t illegal in and of themselves, but using monopoly power to maintain market dominance is against the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last antitrust case of this magnitude to make it to trial was in 1998 when the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/atr/us-v-microsoft-courts-findings-fact\">\u003cu>Justice Department sued Microsoft\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. That lawsuit centered around claims that Microsoft illegally grouped its various products together in a way that both stifled competition and compelled people to use its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge ruled in favor of the Justice Department back then, saying \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/04/business/us-vs-microsoft-overview-us-judge-says-microsoft-violated-antitrust-laws-with.html\">\u003cu>Microsoft violated antitrust laws\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and held “an oppressive thumb on the scale of competitive fortune.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last quarter of a century, tech companies have amassed enormous power and now play a crucial part in most people’s daily lives. Google’s parent Alphabet is one of the most valuable companies in the world – now worth more than $2 trillion — and the word “Google” is synonymous with searching the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company controls around \u003ca href=\"https://www.similarweb.com/engines/\">\u003cu>90% of the U.S. search engine market\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, while its closest competitors, Bing and Yahoo, each have around 3% of the market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Mehta agrees with the Justice Department and decides to put stringent limits on Google’s reach, it could have a ripple effect throughout the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What the Justice Department wants from Google\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The thrust of the Justice Department’s case against Google focused on exclusive agreements the company made with device manufacturers, like Apple and Samsung. During the trial, internal documents and witnesses revealed that Google had paid billions of dollars per year to ensure it was the default search engine on smartphones, like the iPhone, and on web browsers, like Mozilla’s Firefox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witness testimony revealed the eye-popping sums Google paid its partners. For example, in 2021 alone, Google\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/02/1248152695/google-doj-monopoly-trial-antitrust-closing-arguments\">\u003cu> spent a total of $26.3 billion on its deals\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to be the default search engine. Apple had the most lucrative partnership with Google, bringing in $18 billion from the search giant that one year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/technology/google-apple-search-spotlight.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share\">\u003cu>according to the\u003c/u>\u003cem>\u003cu> New York Times\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government argued that these exclusive agreements made it difficult for rivals to edge in and left consumers with fewer choices. Google’s lawyers argued these were agreements that the search engine’s partners chose to enter on their own accords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department wrote in its Tuesday night filing that one of the remedies it’s evaluating is limiting or prohibiting the agreements. “Fully remedying these harms requires not only ending Google’s control of distribution today but also ensuring Google cannot control the distribution of tomorrow,” the filing states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the monthslong trial last year, Google argued that its search engine is the most popular because it is the best product out there and that people prefer it. When Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai testified, he said paying billions of dollars to ensure its search is the default made sense. [aside postID=\"news_11999009,news_11986133,news_11983333\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make it very, very seamless and easy for users to use our service,” Pichai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The search engine DuckDuckGo is a much smaller rival to Google. In a \u003ca href=\"https://spreadprivacy.com/creating-enduring-competition-in-the-search-market/\">\u003cu>blog post\u003c/u>\u003c/a> last month, CEO Gabriel Weinberg wrote that restricting Google’s exclusive contracts would level the playing field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google likes to claim everyone chooses Google,” Weinberg wrote. “But most consumers don’t: They just go with the default.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its filing, the Justice Department says it is evaluating other remedies, such as controlling how much data tracking Google carries out online. The government says the tracking raises “genuine privacy concerns” that could not only harm users but “deny scale to rivals.” Additionally, the Justice Department evaluated Google’s advertising business and said it’s considering remedies that would “create more competition and lower the barriers to entry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the Justice Department and Google issue further proposals in November and December, another trial will take place next April. Mehta will also preside over that case and will hear both sides as they argue their cases for possible remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google just \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/24237832/google-monopoly-trial-ad-tech-antitrust-us-search\">\u003cu>wrapped up the bulk of another trial\u003c/u>\u003c/a> brought by the Justice Department over its advertising business, in which the government alleged that the company illegally controls ad tools for publishers and advertisers. Closing arguments for that case are expected in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has targeted several other Big Tech companies in antitrust cases. Over the past few years, it’s sued \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/26/1191099421/amazon-ftc-lawsuit-antitrust-monopoly\">\u003cu>Amazon\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/21/1239802162/apple-iphone-doj-monopoly-antitrust-lawsuit\">\u003cu>Apple\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and Facebook parent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/19/1029310979/federal-trade-commission-refiles-suit-accusing-facebook-of-illegal-monopoly\">\u003cu>Meta\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, which owns Facebook and Instagram, over business practices the government says hurt both rivals and consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its case against Google, the government used the 1998 Microsoft suit as a blueprint. Bill Kovacic, an antitrust law professor at the George Washington University Law School and a former chair of the Federal Trade Commission, told NPR in August that the Justice Department’s win against Google could pave the way for other lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It establishes a foundation for obtaining a notable remedy in this case involving Google,” he said. “And it gives momentum to the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission prosecutions of other major tech companies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s note: Apple Card and Apple News are among NPR’s financial supporters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Department of Justice is proposing a series of sanctions against Google to ensure it can no longer monopolize the search engine market. In a filing late Tuesday night, the government laid out its framework for reining in the tech giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals include possibly putting an end to exclusive agreements Google has with companies like Apple and Samsung, and prohibiting certain kinds of data tracking. The government wrote that it’s considering “behavioral and structural” remedies that would ensure Google couldn’t use its Chrome browser or Android phone in a way that advantages its search engine, but didn’t outline what the structural remedies would be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google’s anticompetitive conduct resulted in interlocking and pernicious harms,” reads the filing. The markets Google controls, it continues, “are indispensable to the lives of all Americans, whether as individuals or as business owners, and the importance of effectively unfettering these markets and restoring competition cannot be overstated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 32-page filing follows federal Judge Amit Mehta’s ruling in August that Google had acted illegally to maintain a monopoly on the search engine market. That ruling was the culmination of an antitrust lawsuit that the Justice Department \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/10/20/925736276/google-abuses-its-monopoly-power-over-search-justice-department-says-in-lawsuit\">\u003cu>filed against Google in 2020\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, which was joined by 38 state attorneys general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department accused Google of illegally orchestrating its business dealings to ensure its search engine dominated the market. After a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/12/1198558372/doj-google-monopoly-antitrust-trial-search-engine\">\u003cu>10-week trial last fall\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, Mehta ruled in favor of the Justice Department. Google has said it will appeal this decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s filing on Tuesday is its initial set of proposals to seek remedies against Google. In the filing, the Justice Department said it intends to go through court-ordered discovery for further evidence to support its stance. It will file a more refined framework in November and Google will have a chance to propose its own remedies in December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/outreach-initiatives/public-policy/doj-search-remedies-framework/\">blog post\u003c/a> published Tuesday night, Google’s vice president of global affairs, Lee-Anne Mulholland, wrote, “We are concerned the DOJ is already signaling requests that go far beyond the specific legal issues in this case.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mulholland appears to be interpreting the government’s filing as calling for the breakup of Google’s Chrome and Android businesses. She argues that those businesses have cost the company billions to develop. They are free and have open-source code that has benefited competitors and customers, she wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake: Breaking them off would change their business models, raise the cost of devices, and undermine Android and Google Play in their robust competition with Apple’s iPhone and App Store,” she continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a major turning point in the regulation of Big Tech. Monopolies aren’t illegal in and of themselves, but using monopoly power to maintain market dominance is against the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last antitrust case of this magnitude to make it to trial was in 1998 when the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/atr/us-v-microsoft-courts-findings-fact\">\u003cu>Justice Department sued Microsoft\u003c/u>\u003c/a>. That lawsuit centered around claims that Microsoft illegally grouped its various products together in a way that both stifled competition and compelled people to use its products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A judge ruled in favor of the Justice Department back then, saying \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2000/04/04/business/us-vs-microsoft-overview-us-judge-says-microsoft-violated-antitrust-laws-with.html\">\u003cu>Microsoft violated antitrust laws\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and held “an oppressive thumb on the scale of competitive fortune.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last quarter of a century, tech companies have amassed enormous power and now play a crucial part in most people’s daily lives. Google’s parent Alphabet is one of the most valuable companies in the world – now worth more than $2 trillion — and the word “Google” is synonymous with searching the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company controls around \u003ca href=\"https://www.similarweb.com/engines/\">\u003cu>90% of the U.S. search engine market\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, while its closest competitors, Bing and Yahoo, each have around 3% of the market share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Mehta agrees with the Justice Department and decides to put stringent limits on Google’s reach, it could have a ripple effect throughout the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What the Justice Department wants from Google\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The thrust of the Justice Department’s case against Google focused on exclusive agreements the company made with device manufacturers, like Apple and Samsung. During the trial, internal documents and witnesses revealed that Google had paid billions of dollars per year to ensure it was the default search engine on smartphones, like the iPhone, and on web browsers, like Mozilla’s Firefox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witness testimony revealed the eye-popping sums Google paid its partners. For example, in 2021 alone, Google\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/05/02/1248152695/google-doj-monopoly-trial-antitrust-closing-arguments\">\u003cu> spent a total of $26.3 billion on its deals\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to be the default search engine. Apple had the most lucrative partnership with Google, bringing in $18 billion from the search giant that one year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/26/technology/google-apple-search-spotlight.html?partner=slack&smid=sl-share\">\u003cu>according to the\u003c/u>\u003cem>\u003cu> New York Times\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government argued that these exclusive agreements made it difficult for rivals to edge in and left consumers with fewer choices. Google’s lawyers argued these were agreements that the search engine’s partners chose to enter on their own accords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department wrote in its Tuesday night filing that one of the remedies it’s evaluating is limiting or prohibiting the agreements. “Fully remedying these harms requires not only ending Google’s control of distribution today but also ensuring Google cannot control the distribution of tomorrow,” the filing states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the monthslong trial last year, Google argued that its search engine is the most popular because it is the best product out there and that people prefer it. When Google’s CEO Sundar Pichai testified, he said paying billions of dollars to ensure its search is the default made sense. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to make it very, very seamless and easy for users to use our service,” Pichai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The search engine DuckDuckGo is a much smaller rival to Google. In a \u003ca href=\"https://spreadprivacy.com/creating-enduring-competition-in-the-search-market/\">\u003cu>blog post\u003c/u>\u003c/a> last month, CEO Gabriel Weinberg wrote that restricting Google’s exclusive contracts would level the playing field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Google likes to claim everyone chooses Google,” Weinberg wrote. “But most consumers don’t: They just go with the default.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its filing, the Justice Department says it is evaluating other remedies, such as controlling how much data tracking Google carries out online. The government says the tracking raises “genuine privacy concerns” that could not only harm users but “deny scale to rivals.” Additionally, the Justice Department evaluated Google’s advertising business and said it’s considering remedies that would “create more competition and lower the barriers to entry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the Justice Department and Google issue further proposals in November and December, another trial will take place next April. Mehta will also preside over that case and will hear both sides as they argue their cases for possible remedies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google just \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/24237832/google-monopoly-trial-ad-tech-antitrust-us-search\">\u003cu>wrapped up the bulk of another trial\u003c/u>\u003c/a> brought by the Justice Department over its advertising business, in which the government alleged that the company illegally controls ad tools for publishers and advertisers. Closing arguments for that case are expected in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government has targeted several other Big Tech companies in antitrust cases. Over the past few years, it’s sued \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/09/26/1191099421/amazon-ftc-lawsuit-antitrust-monopoly\">\u003cu>Amazon\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/21/1239802162/apple-iphone-doj-monopoly-antitrust-lawsuit\">\u003cu>Apple\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and Facebook parent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/08/19/1029310979/federal-trade-commission-refiles-suit-accusing-facebook-of-illegal-monopoly\">\u003cu>Meta\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, which owns Facebook and Instagram, over business practices the government says hurt both rivals and consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its case against Google, the government used the 1998 Microsoft suit as a blueprint. Bill Kovacic, an antitrust law professor at the George Washington University Law School and a former chair of the Federal Trade Commission, told NPR in August that the Justice Department’s win against Google could pave the way for other lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It establishes a foundation for obtaining a notable remedy in this case involving Google,” he said. “And it gives momentum to the Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission prosecutions of other major tech companies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden told reporters on Friday that he was confident the election would be free and fair, but he said he was concerned about the potential for violence if former President Donald Trump again refused to accept the will of the voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m confident it will be free and fair. I don’t know whether it’ll be peaceful,” Biden said during a surprise appearance at the White House daily briefing. “The things that Trump has said and the things that he said last time out when he didn’t like the outcome of the election were very dangerous.”[aside label=\"From the 2024 Voter Guide\" link1='https://www.kqed.org/voterguide/president,Learn about the U.S. Presidential Election' hero=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/80/2024/09/Aside-Presidential-2024-General-Election-1200x1200-1.png]Biden noted that during \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/02/nx-s1-5135675/jd-vance-tim-walz-vp-debate-fact-check\">this week’s vice presidential debate\u003c/a>, Trump’s running mate, Ohio Sen. JD Vance, would not say whether Trump would accept the outcome of the election. When asked if he and Trump would challenge the election results — even if every governor in the nation certified them — Vance demurred, saying he and Trump were “focused on the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know anything about what [Biden] said,” Trump told reporters in Georgia on Friday following the president’s remarks. “I only can hope that it’s going to be free and fair, and I think in this state it will be, and I hope in every state it will be, and I think we’re going to do very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump often links himself winning with fairness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters earlier this week, Trump said, “All I want is a fair election. That’s all. Just a fair, honest election. I hope we’re going to get that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when pressed on whether he trusts the process this year, he responded, “I’ll let you know in 33 days.” Two days later, in Michigan, Trump again lied about the results of the 2020 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We won. We won. We did win,” Trump said. “It was a rigged election. It was a rigged election. You have to tell Kamala Harris. That’s why I’m doing it again. If I’d thought I lost, I wouldn’t be doing this again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s remarks came during a week in which \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/02/nx-s1-5137303/trump-election-interference-jack-smith-immunity-jan-6\">a newly unsealed court filing\u003c/a> by special counsel Jack Smith offered perhaps the most detailed picture to date about the former president’s alleged efforts to overturn the 2020 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 165-page document, released Wednesday by the U.S. District judge presiding over the case, says that after Trump lost in 2020, he “resorted to crimes to try to stay in office” and “launched a series of increasingly desperate plans to overturn election results in seven states he had lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Biden noted that during \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/02/nx-s1-5135675/jd-vance-tim-walz-vp-debate-fact-check\">this week’s vice presidential debate\u003c/a>, Trump’s running mate, Ohio Sen. JD Vance, would not say whether Trump would accept the outcome of the election. When asked if he and Trump would challenge the election results — even if every governor in the nation certified them — Vance demurred, saying he and Trump were “focused on the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know anything about what [Biden] said,” Trump told reporters in Georgia on Friday following the president’s remarks. “I only can hope that it’s going to be free and fair, and I think in this state it will be, and I hope in every state it will be, and I think we’re going to do very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump often links himself winning with fairness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters earlier this week, Trump said, “All I want is a fair election. That’s all. Just a fair, honest election. I hope we’re going to get that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when pressed on whether he trusts the process this year, he responded, “I’ll let you know in 33 days.” Two days later, in Michigan, Trump again lied about the results of the 2020 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We won. We won. We did win,” Trump said. “It was a rigged election. It was a rigged election. You have to tell Kamala Harris. That’s why I’m doing it again. If I’d thought I lost, I wouldn’t be doing this again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s remarks came during a week in which \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/10/02/nx-s1-5137303/trump-election-interference-jack-smith-immunity-jan-6\">a newly unsealed court filing\u003c/a> by special counsel Jack Smith offered perhaps the most detailed picture to date about the former president’s alleged efforts to overturn the 2020 election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 165-page document, released Wednesday by the U.S. District judge presiding over the case, says that after Trump lost in 2020, he “resorted to crimes to try to stay in office” and “launched a series of increasingly desperate plans to overturn election results in seven states he had lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Getting the COVID Vaccine During Pregnancy Protects Newborns From Hospitalization",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 90% of babies who had to be hospitalized for COVID-19 had mothers who didn’t get the vaccine during pregnancy, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7338a1.htm?s_cid=mm7338a1_w\">\u003cu>new data\u003c/u>\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies too young to be vaccinated had the highest COVID-19 hospitalization rate of any age group except people over 75.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infants can’t get vaccinated against COVID-19 until they are at least six months old. That leaves a “huge window” when infants are most vulnerable, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/providers/neil-silverman\">\u003cu>Dr. Neil Silverman\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/obgyn/maternal-fetal-medicine/clinical-programs/infectious-diseases-pregnancy\">\u003cu>Infectious Disease in Pregnancy\u003c/u>\u003c/a> program at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only effective protection for babies during those six months comes from vaccinating pregnant women, so they pass the antibodies on to their newborns. Vaccination during pregnancy also protects pregnant people from contracting severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study underscores the critical importance of vaccinating pregnant people. It also echoes what physicians have anecdotally reported for more than three years – people are still skeptical of COVID-19 vaccines due to persistent misinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study drew upon medical data in 12 states, collected between October 2022 and April 2024. The findings appear in the agency publication \u003cem>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report \u003c/em>(\u003cem>MMWR\u003c/em>).\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1,470 infants sick enough to be hospitalized due to COVID-19, severe outcomes occurred “frequently,” according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding newborns hospitalized at birth, about 1 in 5 infants hospitalized with COVID-19 required intensive care, and nearly one in 20 required a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These aren’t necessarily high-risk, ill newborns,” Silverman said. “These are full-term, healthy newborn kids who happen to get COVID and wind up on a ventilator in the hospital.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Many pregnant patients are still hesitant despite the risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>However, persistent vaccine misinformation online has led to skepticism among his pregnant patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most frustrating response I get from folks is that they need to do more research before they think about getting the COVID vaccine,” Silverman said. “We have dozens and dozens of studies showing the safety of the mRNA vaccine. I don’t know how much more research we can provide to skeptics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 1,000 babies hospitalized with COVID-19, the median age was just 2 months old, according to the report. Nine of the infants died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Carolina pediatrician \u003ca href=\"https://palmettopediatric.com/downtown-office.php\">\u003cu>Deborah Greenhouse\u003c/u>\u003c/a> said she plans to share the study with families she cares for. “There absolutely is a proportion of the population who will look at this and say, wow, I should get that vaccine. It could protect my baby,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that it might help to convince some parents when you can actually show them hospitalization numbers, and you can show them intensive care numbers, and you can show them mechanical ventilation numbers, those things are a big deal,” Greenhouse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Doctors should stock the shots and talk about it\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Often, Greenhouse waits to confirm that a parent in her office is pregnant before discussing the updated COVID-19 shot. Now she’s rethinking that strategy and may try talking about vaccination with \u003cem>all \u003c/em>parents when they bring their kids to appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity to intervene and to do some education and make them understand how important this is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians can encourage vaccination by making it as easy and simple as possible, Silverman said. He encouraged fellow doctors to offer the shots in their offices rather than sending patients out to pharmacies or other health care providers.[aside postID=\"news_12001396,news_12000297,news_11977786\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lose probably 30 to 40% of vaccination opportunities once someone has to leave the office to get a vaccine,” Silverman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, offering COVID-19 shots in their clinics may force some doctors to undertake a \u003ca href=\"https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/covid-vaccine-pediatricians-low-stockpile-managing-cost/\">\u003cu>difficult calculation\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If doctors overestimate how many patients will be interested in the vaccine, they may be unable to return all their excess doses and could lose money. On the other hand, they want enough doses on hand to vaccinate all the vulnerable patients who want the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article comes from NPR’s health reporting partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://kffhealthnews.org/\">\u003cem>\u003cu>KFF Health News\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 90% of babies who had to be hospitalized for COVID-19 had mothers who didn’t get the vaccine during pregnancy, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7338a1.htm?s_cid=mm7338a1_w\">\u003cu>new data\u003c/u>\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babies too young to be vaccinated had the highest COVID-19 hospitalization rate of any age group except people over 75.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infants can’t get vaccinated against COVID-19 until they are at least six months old. That leaves a “huge window” when infants are most vulnerable, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/providers/neil-silverman\">\u003cu>Dr. Neil Silverman\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/obgyn/maternal-fetal-medicine/clinical-programs/infectious-diseases-pregnancy\">\u003cu>Infectious Disease in Pregnancy\u003c/u>\u003c/a> program at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only effective protection for babies during those six months comes from vaccinating pregnant women, so they pass the antibodies on to their newborns. Vaccination during pregnancy also protects pregnant people from contracting severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study underscores the critical importance of vaccinating pregnant people. It also echoes what physicians have anecdotally reported for more than three years – people are still skeptical of COVID-19 vaccines due to persistent misinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study drew upon medical data in 12 states, collected between October 2022 and April 2024. The findings appear in the agency publication \u003cem>Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report \u003c/em>(\u003cem>MMWR\u003c/em>).\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 1,470 infants sick enough to be hospitalized due to COVID-19, severe outcomes occurred “frequently,” according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excluding newborns hospitalized at birth, about 1 in 5 infants hospitalized with COVID-19 required intensive care, and nearly one in 20 required a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These aren’t necessarily high-risk, ill newborns,” Silverman said. “These are full-term, healthy newborn kids who happen to get COVID and wind up on a ventilator in the hospital.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Many pregnant patients are still hesitant despite the risks\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>However, persistent vaccine misinformation online has led to skepticism among his pregnant patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most frustrating response I get from folks is that they need to do more research before they think about getting the COVID vaccine,” Silverman said. “We have dozens and dozens of studies showing the safety of the mRNA vaccine. I don’t know how much more research we can provide to skeptics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 1,000 babies hospitalized with COVID-19, the median age was just 2 months old, according to the report. Nine of the infants died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Carolina pediatrician \u003ca href=\"https://palmettopediatric.com/downtown-office.php\">\u003cu>Deborah Greenhouse\u003c/u>\u003c/a> said she plans to share the study with families she cares for. “There absolutely is a proportion of the population who will look at this and say, wow, I should get that vaccine. It could protect my baby,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that it might help to convince some parents when you can actually show them hospitalization numbers, and you can show them intensive care numbers, and you can show them mechanical ventilation numbers, those things are a big deal,” Greenhouse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Doctors should stock the shots and talk about it\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Often, Greenhouse waits to confirm that a parent in her office is pregnant before discussing the updated COVID-19 shot. Now she’s rethinking that strategy and may try talking about vaccination with \u003cem>all \u003c/em>parents when they bring their kids to appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have an opportunity to intervene and to do some education and make them understand how important this is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians can encourage vaccination by making it as easy and simple as possible, Silverman said. He encouraged fellow doctors to offer the shots in their offices rather than sending patients out to pharmacies or other health care providers.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We lose probably 30 to 40% of vaccination opportunities once someone has to leave the office to get a vaccine,” Silverman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, offering COVID-19 shots in their clinics may force some doctors to undertake a \u003ca href=\"https://kffhealthnews.org/news/article/covid-vaccine-pediatricians-low-stockpile-managing-cost/\">\u003cu>difficult calculation\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If doctors overestimate how many patients will be interested in the vaccine, they may be unable to return all their excess doses and could lose money. On the other hand, they want enough doses on hand to vaccinate all the vulnerable patients who want the shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article comes from NPR’s health reporting partnership with \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://kffhealthnews.org/\">\u003cem>\u003cu>KFF Health News\u003c/u>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>States that passed anti-transgender laws aimed at minors saw suicide attempts by transgender and gender nonconforming teenagers increase by as much as 72% in the following years, a new study by \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/\">The Trevor Project\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peer-reviewed study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01979-5\">published Thursday\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Nature Human Behavior\u003c/em>, looked at survey data from young people in 19 states, comparing rates of suicide attempts before and after bans passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past few years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/07/03/nx-s1-4986385/trans-kids-health-bans-gender-affirming-care\">d\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/07/03/nx-s1-4986385/trans-kids-health-bans-gender-affirming-care\">ozens of states\u003c/a> have passed laws affecting how transgender young people do things like play sports, go to the bathroom at school, and access gender-affirming medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s findings are not theoretical for some families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know my child is dead,” Kentucky Senator Karen Berg \u003ca href=\"https://ket.org/legislature/archives/2023/regular/senate-chambers-200833\">says at the statehouse\u003c/a> during the debate over that state’s anti-trans bill in February 2023. Her transgender son had died by suicide two months earlier at age 24. “Your vote yes on this bill means one of two things: either you believe that trans children do not exist, or you believe that trans children do not deserve to exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anti-trans bill in Kentucky passed, at least 26 other states now have \u003ca href=\"https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps\">similar laws on the books\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these laws were being enacted, there was already a lot of research showing a strong association between anti-transgender policies and negative mental health outcomes, explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research/\">Ronita Nath\u003c/a>. She runs research at The Trevor Project, which offers 24–7 crisis services to LGBTQ+ youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and supporters of these laws argued that the evidence of negative mental health effects was weak, she says. “So we clearly knew we needed to very firmly establish causality, and that’s why we really prioritized this research,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they gathered data from transgender and nonbinary young people aged 13–24 from all over the country. “We do social media ads,” Nath says. “Once we reach our sample size in California or New York, we shut those ads down, and we amplify the ads in these harder-to-reach states, let’s say Wyoming or Idaho.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Nath and her colleagues used a sample of 61,240 young people surveyed from 2018–2022, a period during which 19 states passed a variety of anti-trans laws. They looked to see how the rate of attempted suicides in the previous year changed for residents of those states after the laws were passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found a very sharp and statistically significant rise in suicide attempt rates after enactment of the laws,” she says. A small rise was seen in a state soon after laws were enacted, followed by a sharper rise two or three years later. Among 13–17-year-olds, two years after a law took effect, the likelihood of a past-year suicide attempt was 72% higher than it was before passage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nath notes a randomized control trial would not be possible for this kind of research since you can’t randomly assign someone to live in one state or another. Instead, they analyzed the survey data for each state over time, comparing rates before and after laws were passed. The analysis took months, she says, and controlled for a variety of potentially confounding factors in order to isolate the impact of these laws on past-year suicide attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"arts_13958699,arts_13926077,news_11995853\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To see these numbers after everything was taken into account and the model still held — it’s terrifying,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study is the first of its kind, Nath adds. “These findings demonstrate that — regardless of a person’s political beliefs — if you live in a state that has passed an anti-transgender law, transgender, nonbinary young people in your home state are significantly more likely to attempt to take their own life,” she says. “This is the reality for these young people, and it’s not acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associate Professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/profile/brittany-charlton/\">Brittany Charlton\u003c/a> of Harvard Medical School, who wasn’t involved with the study, finds it impressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study is just so important,” she says. “It’s contributing to the growing body of evidence that demonstrates that these discriminatory anti-LGBTQ policies have harmful effects on health.” It does so convincingly, she says, with a large sample size and strong research methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nath adds that none of this is inevitable. “Trans and nonbinary young people are not inherently prone to increased suicide risk because of their gender identity,” she says. “They are placed at higher risk because of how they’re mistreated and stigmatized by others, including by the implementation of discriminatory policies like the ones examined in the study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-header \">\n\u003cp>She says future research will explore data from 2023, which saw the largest number of anti-trans state bills to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or is in crisis, call or text 9-8-8 to reach the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\">\u003cem>Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>States that passed anti-transgender laws aimed at minors saw suicide attempts by transgender and gender nonconforming teenagers increase by as much as 72% in the following years, a new study by \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/\">The Trevor Project\u003c/a> says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The peer-reviewed study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-024-01979-5\">published Thursday\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Nature Human Behavior\u003c/em>, looked at survey data from young people in 19 states, comparing rates of suicide attempts before and after bans passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past few years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/07/03/nx-s1-4986385/trans-kids-health-bans-gender-affirming-care\">d\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/shots-health-news/2024/07/03/nx-s1-4986385/trans-kids-health-bans-gender-affirming-care\">ozens of states\u003c/a> have passed laws affecting how transgender young people do things like play sports, go to the bathroom at school, and access gender-affirming medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s findings are not theoretical for some families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know my child is dead,” Kentucky Senator Karen Berg \u003ca href=\"https://ket.org/legislature/archives/2023/regular/senate-chambers-200833\">says at the statehouse\u003c/a> during the debate over that state’s anti-trans bill in February 2023. Her transgender son had died by suicide two months earlier at age 24. “Your vote yes on this bill means one of two things: either you believe that trans children do not exist, or you believe that trans children do not deserve to exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The anti-trans bill in Kentucky passed, at least 26 other states now have \u003ca href=\"https://www.lgbtmap.org/equality-maps\">similar laws on the books\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As these laws were being enacted, there was already a lot of research showing a strong association between anti-transgender policies and negative mental health outcomes, explains \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetrevorproject.org/research/\">Ronita Nath\u003c/a>. She runs research at The Trevor Project, which offers 24–7 crisis services to LGBTQ+ youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and supporters of these laws argued that the evidence of negative mental health effects was weak, she says. “So we clearly knew we needed to very firmly establish causality, and that’s why we really prioritized this research,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, they gathered data from transgender and nonbinary young people aged 13–24 from all over the country. “We do social media ads,” Nath says. “Once we reach our sample size in California or New York, we shut those ads down, and we amplify the ads in these harder-to-reach states, let’s say Wyoming or Idaho.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, Nath and her colleagues used a sample of 61,240 young people surveyed from 2018–2022, a period during which 19 states passed a variety of anti-trans laws. They looked to see how the rate of attempted suicides in the previous year changed for residents of those states after the laws were passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found a very sharp and statistically significant rise in suicide attempt rates after enactment of the laws,” she says. A small rise was seen in a state soon after laws were enacted, followed by a sharper rise two or three years later. Among 13–17-year-olds, two years after a law took effect, the likelihood of a past-year suicide attempt was 72% higher than it was before passage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nath notes a randomized control trial would not be possible for this kind of research since you can’t randomly assign someone to live in one state or another. Instead, they analyzed the survey data for each state over time, comparing rates before and after laws were passed. The analysis took months, she says, and controlled for a variety of potentially confounding factors in order to isolate the impact of these laws on past-year suicide attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To see these numbers after everything was taken into account and the model still held — it’s terrifying,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study is the first of its kind, Nath adds. “These findings demonstrate that — regardless of a person’s political beliefs — if you live in a state that has passed an anti-transgender law, transgender, nonbinary young people in your home state are significantly more likely to attempt to take their own life,” she says. “This is the reality for these young people, and it’s not acceptable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associate Professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/profile/brittany-charlton/\">Brittany Charlton\u003c/a> of Harvard Medical School, who wasn’t involved with the study, finds it impressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study is just so important,” she says. “It’s contributing to the growing body of evidence that demonstrates that these discriminatory anti-LGBTQ policies have harmful effects on health.” It does so convincingly, she says, with a large sample size and strong research methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nath adds that none of this is inevitable. “Trans and nonbinary young people are not inherently prone to increased suicide risk because of their gender identity,” she says. “They are placed at higher risk because of how they’re mistreated and stigmatized by others, including by the implementation of discriminatory policies like the ones examined in the study.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-header \">\n\u003cp>She says future research will explore data from 2023, which saw the largest number of anti-trans state bills to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you or someone you know may be considering suicide or is in crisis, call or text 9-8-8 to reach the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://988lifeline.org/\">\u003cem>Suicide & Crisis Lifeline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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