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"content": "\u003cp>A growing number of cities, states, police departments, school districts and other local governments are signaling they won’t cooperate with what Trump administration officials are describing as the largest migrant deportation effort in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Omaha police department has no plans to participate in any raids,” said Chief Todd Schmaderer, who heads the Omaha, Nebraska police department\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBHJUXlMIdE\"> in a video posted on Youtube\u003c/a>. He added that local officers “do not and will not” stop people to check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Department of Homeland Security say they’ve launched efforts nationally to identify, detain and deport far more migrants without legal status, including some allowed into the U.S. by the Biden administration. DHS officials also say their agents are now free to conduct raids at churches and schools, canceling guidelines that made “sensitive” areas off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appearing in the same video, Omaha’s Republican Mayor Jean Stothert said threats of a nationwide immigration crackdown are causing “concern and fear” in her community. “Enforcing immigration law is the responsibility of federal law enforcement agencies, not the Omaha police department,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omaha officials aren’t alone. Leaders in Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York City and other communities have made it clear they’ll \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/21/nx-s1-5269899/trump-immigration-enforcement-schools-churches\">play no role aiding any round-ups\u003c/a> of migrants without legal status — and may actively oppose them with lawsuits and other efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would have a very chilling effect on our ability to provide public safety in the city if people were afraid to call the Minneapolis police because they think we’re going to call Immigration on them,” said Minneapolis police Chief Brian O’Hara in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.mprnews.org/story/2025/01/17/minneapolis-police-chief-reiterates-policy-prohibiting-officers-enforcing-immigration-law\">interview with MPR News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At an event last week in Grand Prairie, Texas, police Chief Daniel Scesney said his department also won’t support immigration sweeps. “My officers would not be using their time efficiently if they were driving around trying to find people who might have been born in another place,”\u003ca href=\"https://www.keranews.org/news/2025-01-17/grand-prairie-police-chief-immigration-status-deportations\"> Scesney said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities publicly opposed some or all of the federal crackdown:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"edTag\">\n\u003cli>Denver’s city government \u003ca href=\"https://denvergov.org/Government/Agencies-Departments-Offices/Agencies-Departments-Offices-Directory/Mayors-Office/News/ICYMI-Denver-Takes-Commonsense-Approach-to-Trump-Mass-Deportation-Plans\">posted an editorial this week on its official website\u003c/a> describing the federal immigration crackdown as “a calamity.” Mayor Mike Johnson, a Democrat, said it’s likely the city will join lawsuits aimed at protecting migrant rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The school district in Bridgeport, Connecticut issued a statement saying U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents will be denied access to school buildings, buses or events without permission from officials. “Every student … regardless of their immigration status has the right to feel secure and supported,” said interim Superintendent Royce Avery.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In November, the city of Los Angeles \u003ca href=\"https://cd4.lacity.gov/press-releases/city-council-votes-to-establish-los-angeles-as-a-sanctuary-city/\">passed an ordinance\u003c/a> that prohibited use of city resources in immigration enforcement efforts while limiting information sharing with federal immigration authorities.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>At a \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NYCMayor/status/1882217228424081889\">gathering Wednesday in New York City\u003c/a>, Mayor Eric Adams, a former police officer, said city officials would “stand up for all New Yorkers, documented or undocumented” and “make sure you get the services you deserve.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In El Paso, Texas, Mayor Renard Johnson, who describes himself as nonpartisan, criticized Trump’s immigration plans to deploy U.S. troops along the southern border, which he described as “very safe.” At a public meeting this week, Renard spoke to migrant families: “You can live in peace in our communities, you can go to the schools, you can go to the churches, and you’re going to be okay.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Before President Trump took office, many local jurisdictions around the U.S. passed measures strictly limiting cooperation with U.S. immigration authorities. The Center for Immigration Studies, which advocates for tighter restrictions on migrants entering the U.S., identified \u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Map-Sanctuary-Cities-Counties-and-States\">13 states and more than 200 cities and counties\u003c/a> with some form of “sanctuary” law or ordinance protecting migrants.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101908578,news_12023442,news_12021487\"]Some cities have embraced Trump’s migrant deportation plan. Huntington Beach, California, passed a measure this week declaring the community a “non-sanctuary city.”\u003ca href=\"https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/news_detail_T4_R263.php\"> In a statement, Mayor Pat Burns\u003c/a>, a Republican, blasted other California officials for “subverting our federal government’s enforcement of our immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials have made it clear they plan to pressure local governments that don’t cooperate. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/22/nx-s1-5271541/doj-immigration-trump-memo-prosecution\">Justice Department memo\u003c/a> distributed this week said state and local officials could face prosecution if they fail to aid enforcement efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal law prohibits state and local actors from resisting, obstructing, and otherwise failing to comply with lawful immigration-related commands or requests,” the memo states, raising the possibility of charges for harboring immigrants without legal status or for failing to share information with immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Local Governments Across US Signal They Won't Aid Trump Migrant Crackdown",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/935764762/brian-mann\">Brian Mann\u003c/a>, NPR",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A growing number of cities, states, police departments, school districts and other local governments are signaling they won’t cooperate with what Trump administration officials are describing as the largest migrant deportation effort in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Omaha police department has no plans to participate in any raids,” said Chief Todd Schmaderer, who heads the Omaha, Nebraska police department\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBHJUXlMIdE\"> in a video posted on Youtube\u003c/a>. He added that local officers “do not and will not” stop people to check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the Department of Homeland Security say they’ve launched efforts nationally to identify, detain and deport far more migrants without legal status, including some allowed into the U.S. by the Biden administration. DHS officials also say their agents are now free to conduct raids at churches and schools, canceling guidelines that made “sensitive” areas off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Appearing in the same video, Omaha’s Republican Mayor Jean Stothert said threats of a nationwide immigration crackdown are causing “concern and fear” in her community. “Enforcing immigration law is the responsibility of federal law enforcement agencies, not the Omaha police department,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omaha officials aren’t alone. Leaders in Chicago, Denver, Los Angeles, Minneapolis, New York City and other communities have made it clear they’ll \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/21/nx-s1-5269899/trump-immigration-enforcement-schools-churches\">play no role aiding any round-ups\u003c/a> of migrants without legal status — and may actively oppose them with lawsuits and other efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would have a very chilling effect on our ability to provide public safety in the city if people were afraid to call the Minneapolis police because they think we’re going to call Immigration on them,” said Minneapolis police Chief Brian O’Hara in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.mprnews.org/story/2025/01/17/minneapolis-police-chief-reiterates-policy-prohibiting-officers-enforcing-immigration-law\">interview with MPR News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At an event last week in Grand Prairie, Texas, police Chief Daniel Scesney said his department also won’t support immigration sweeps. “My officers would not be using their time efficiently if they were driving around trying to find people who might have been born in another place,”\u003ca href=\"https://www.keranews.org/news/2025-01-17/grand-prairie-police-chief-immigration-status-deportations\"> Scesney said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities publicly opposed some or all of the federal crackdown:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul class=\"edTag\">\n\u003cli>Denver’s city government \u003ca href=\"https://denvergov.org/Government/Agencies-Departments-Offices/Agencies-Departments-Offices-Directory/Mayors-Office/News/ICYMI-Denver-Takes-Commonsense-Approach-to-Trump-Mass-Deportation-Plans\">posted an editorial this week on its official website\u003c/a> describing the federal immigration crackdown as “a calamity.” Mayor Mike Johnson, a Democrat, said it’s likely the city will join lawsuits aimed at protecting migrant rights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The school district in Bridgeport, Connecticut issued a statement saying U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents will be denied access to school buildings, buses or events without permission from officials. “Every student … regardless of their immigration status has the right to feel secure and supported,” said interim Superintendent Royce Avery.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In November, the city of Los Angeles \u003ca href=\"https://cd4.lacity.gov/press-releases/city-council-votes-to-establish-los-angeles-as-a-sanctuary-city/\">passed an ordinance\u003c/a> that prohibited use of city resources in immigration enforcement efforts while limiting information sharing with federal immigration authorities.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>At a \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NYCMayor/status/1882217228424081889\">gathering Wednesday in New York City\u003c/a>, Mayor Eric Adams, a former police officer, said city officials would “stand up for all New Yorkers, documented or undocumented” and “make sure you get the services you deserve.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>In El Paso, Texas, Mayor Renard Johnson, who describes himself as nonpartisan, criticized Trump’s immigration plans to deploy U.S. troops along the southern border, which he described as “very safe.” At a public meeting this week, Renard spoke to migrant families: “You can live in peace in our communities, you can go to the schools, you can go to the churches, and you’re going to be okay.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Before President Trump took office, many local jurisdictions around the U.S. passed measures strictly limiting cooperation with U.S. immigration authorities. The Center for Immigration Studies, which advocates for tighter restrictions on migrants entering the U.S., identified \u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Map-Sanctuary-Cities-Counties-and-States\">13 states and more than 200 cities and counties\u003c/a> with some form of “sanctuary” law or ordinance protecting migrants.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some cities have embraced Trump’s migrant deportation plan. Huntington Beach, California, passed a measure this week declaring the community a “non-sanctuary city.”\u003ca href=\"https://www.huntingtonbeachca.gov/news_detail_T4_R263.php\"> In a statement, Mayor Pat Burns\u003c/a>, a Republican, blasted other California officials for “subverting our federal government’s enforcement of our immigration laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials have made it clear they plan to pressure local governments that don’t cooperate. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/22/nx-s1-5271541/doj-immigration-trump-memo-prosecution\">Justice Department memo\u003c/a> distributed this week said state and local officials could face prosecution if they fail to aid enforcement efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal law prohibits state and local actors from resisting, obstructing, and otherwise failing to comply with lawful immigration-related commands or requests,” the memo states, raising the possibility of charges for harboring immigrants without legal status or for failing to share information with immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "an-economist-who-survived-a-wildfire-is-now-taking-on-californias-insurance-crisis",
"title": "An Economist Who Survived a Wildfire Is Now Taking on California's Insurance Crisis",
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"headTitle": "An Economist Who Survived a Wildfire Is Now Taking on California’s Insurance Crisis | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Three decades ago, Nancy Wallace narrowly escaped death in what was then California’s most destructive wildfire. Since then, the problem of wildfires has gotten much worse, so bad in fact that the state now faces a crisis in its market for home insurance. Solving the insurance crisis is something that’s very much in Wallace’s wheelhouse, and she’s been developing some important ideas and tools to try to fix it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace is a professor of finance and real estate at UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business, and she’s a former adviser to \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef7518929ced10a9f7f06a8c0ea57e929cddb1c954abd77cee9267cd15ad5db2539db1ff2d2b7789f6c0addedd6066e75004\">the U.S. Treasury Department\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75b0c04f222950d350d1e6d7870773b9a3bf30fbf2fd253aa66deda96eb6bbfc8448e9f0e97e5ffa877514308f0c876b1c\">Federal Reserve\u003c/a>. She specializes in identifying and mitigating financial risks in housing markets, and she’s conducted some eye-opening studies on the rising risk of wildfires. She’s working with climate scientists to create forecast models that can help rescue failing insurance markets. And she’s advocating for new insurance schemes and financial products that would help California homeowners retrofit their homes and lower the danger that they’re destroyed by future fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wallace’s expertise in this area is more than just academic. It’s informed by her horrifying experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A story that begins with fire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 20, 1991, Wallace smelled smoke wafting in the air outside of her home, high in the hills above Oakland, Calif. The day before, a fire had broken out down her street. Firefighters had put it out, but she was now on high alert. The air felt dry. The wind was picking up. And the smell of smoke scared her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace grew up in Michigan, never experiencing the danger of wildfires. She and her husband had moved to Oakland a few years earlier when she got a job at nearby UC Berkeley. They scraped together every penny they could and bought a fixer-upper in the Oakland Hills, near the ridgeline of the mountains above the city, surrounded by Monterey pine and eucalyptus trees. They had finished remodeling their home just one month before this fateful day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After smelling smoke, Wallace and her husband grabbed family heirlooms and antiques, important documents, some paintings and clothes, and their cat. They jumped in their car. And that’s when they saw a hurricane of fire engulfing the neighborhood below them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023795\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023795\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1063\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Hills fire burned thousands of homes and created a dust cloud that could be seen for miles. Picture taken on Oct. 20, 1991. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Chronicle/Hearst Newspapers/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They turned frantic. When they hit a fork in the road, they hesitated whether to turn right or left. Both directions were being enveloped by flames. Wallace insisted they go right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seconds after going right, a car came out of the flames,” Wallace says. “And they said, “If you go up this road, you will die.” They said that power lines had fallen on a truck. A firefighter (who turned out to be Oakland Fire Battalion Chief James M. Riley Jr.) and a passenger he was trying to rescue were both dead, and the truck and power lines were blocking the road. Wallace and her husband were forced to turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that point our cat shed her fur — literally shed her fur,” Wallace says. “Because the fire was just beating on our car. I thought for sure the car would burst into flames.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They drove the other direction, down a winding, one-lane road through the heart of the inferno. Embers were flying everywhere. Houses and trees were bursting into flames. They saw a motorcyclist on fire. They saw frantic drivers crashing into trees. They saw a heroic policeman — officer John William Grubensky, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75bce67e527b223b6b74454469a6ee4b5c4d28d4b80c1c74ca9c048c5577e51dda01054a7fea5db647bea7c09420b6d60a\">who would soon die attempting to rescue a family from a burning home\u003c/a> — on a loudspeaker, trying to keep people calm and get them out safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace and her husband got lucky. Their 6-year-old son was miles away, safe and sound during the whole ordeal. He had spent the night at a friend’s house. They were also lucky, of course, to escape with their lives. On the very same narrow street they had escaped on, vehicles after them got stuck behind a car that crashed, blocking their exit route. “Just on that one street, I think there were five people who died, along with officer Grubensky,” Wallace says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023797\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023797\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1218\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54-800x609.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54-1020x776.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54-1536x1169.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Claremont Hotel in October 1991. \u003ccite>(MediaNews Group/Oakland Tribune/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About two weeks later, Nancy and her family returned to see what happened to their home. It had turned to ash. “In the middle of this ash was a porcelain bowl,” Nancy says. Porcelain apparently doesn’t burn. “It was just sitting on top of the ash by itself. It was surreal. Everything else was gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Hills fire in 1991 ended up \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75485da7a340229be9c97f0e6420bf14a101443bb7f24e1e272415cbf09f6cfd05138067d7b96668b5ed57ec92aea7a128\">killing 25 people\u003c/a>, injuring 150 others, and destroying \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75ddd648a58c07d66aa9ddc9ec1529a704070de632598dd8b995cc7f99ca0cc8fa046ac848b82a3c3bd9ad1540bef156c9\">around 3,000 homes\u003c/a>. For a long time, it was \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75cf0200df54bf0a3d6ffb6d4f929c601dfc5564db5e40f55c222340b07cef5c051e7e292a3241c323ebbd7261014e0795\">the most destructive fire\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef750b1d7065c27ee79c4534ff1929155f236c2f543cf6e8581b18e39ef69b3bc9665b6e08c77eca56ac00c49a9311d8c1ba\">California history\u003c/a>. That is, until the last decade, when California has seen a mind-boggling uptick in even more destructive fires, including \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef753f8019c3c068c3eda0100d6cde825c212e8ef4b717d8666b3f4693739937c96492c750fdef03a0565e5a814432f85d38\">two in LA in recent weeks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why California properties got more valuable after fires\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Around five years ago, Wallace recounted her incredible story in the Oakland Hills fire to her former PhD student Carles Vergara-Alert, who was back in Berkeley on a sabbatical as a visiting professor, and two other Berkeley economists, Richard Stanton and Paulo Issler. And it inspired them to study how the rising risk of wildfires was affecting housing markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pretty weird thing seemed to be happening to properties destroyed by fires. Nancy noticed it in her own community. After the fire, people got insurance money and rebuilt their homes. Their homes seemed to get bigger and nicer. And, like elsewhere in the Bay Area, their home values went on a rocket ship to the moon in the decades after the fire. It was like everyone had forgotten that it was still a risky area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, this was just a casual observation about one place. Wallace, Vergara-Alert, Issler, and Stanton decided they wanted to build a comprehensive dataset to see what happened, more systematically, to California housing markets after they were scorched by wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dataset they assembled is pretty amazing. After each fire in California, the state’s fire agency, Cal Fire, sends a team of technicians to investigate. They create detailed maps of the burn areas and document, house by house, damages. The economists used this rich data on burn areas between 2001 and 2015, focusing on the houses that burned and the nearby houses that did not. They combined this data with their own comprehensive data on virtually every home in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think that property prices of the houses that burned would plummet. I mean, the house is destroyed, nearby parks, trees, hiking trails, and everything else is scorched, and the home’s views become burn zones, at least in the near-to-medium term, before nature and man-made structures come back from the ashes. Even more, you might think that the risks of living in the area would be top of mind for years to come, suppressing demand to live there. But no. Houses continue to be valuable investments in these fire-prone communities. Not only that. The economists find that, between 2001 and 2015, the properties that burned down and got rebuilt were actually significantly more valuable within five years of the catastrophe. Fire actually boosted their property values![aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1994867,science_1993316,news_12022996,news_12019991\"]One sort of obvious reason for this is these rebuilt houses were newer. And they were built to follow a more modern, state-mandated building code, making them more resistant to fire and earthquakes and generally safer. And, just as Wallace had observed in her own neighborhood, these rebuilt houses tended to be bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, in big wildfires, the houses in whole neighborhoods got built back bigger and better. Because the value of your house is influenced by the value of houses in your neighborhood, that was another boost to property values. Meanwhile, nature recovers — and, Wallace says, it recovers rather quickly in areas with Mediterranean climates — and the amazing beauty of these Californian communities returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, fires are obviously devastating in terms of lives lost, people hurt, disruptions to business, and so on. And for people who don’t have insurance, they cause huge financial losses. But — at least in the period the economists study, when, for the most part, there were functioning private insurance markets that offered full coverage and generous payouts — it seems like fires were actually a financial win for the average insured homeowner who lost their home. They were also a win for developers and construction companies, which rebuilt the homes. And they were at least partially a win for municipalities because rebuilt, more valuable homes meant higher property taxes, offsetting the tremendous taxpayer costs of fighting the fire and cleaning up afterwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there was at least one huge financial loser in all of this: insurance companies. They had to foot the massive bill for home reconstructions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In normal insurance markets, that’s fine. People pay premiums, and those premiums are estimated based on the probability of losses. When those losses materialize, the insurance company pays. It’s the whole game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Wallace says, something funky began happening in California’s insurance markets, and the state’s insurance system ended up breaking down.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How California’s insurance market failed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>First, the state has had restrictive regulations on what insurance companies can charge. Wallace says that a big force behind that was \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75935a55e5b4f983979ff21aed4f5612ec244a8152bf65baa21a39f957595996452ef222251e6f34859177d743878725d9\">Proposition 103\u003c/a>, which was championed by Ralph Nader. Back in the 1980s, Nader and other consumer activists argued that insurance companies should be strictly regulated when setting their premium rates. This ballot initiative, which was \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef754836c5dd42e63930ebfddf0673a0a63f0485dd58d5d3a6a2a18676baafd08074c8a161053c7dda64fb585a2d85138ad3\">narrowly approved\u003c/a> by California voters in 1988, required insurance companies to get rate hikes approved by the California Department of Insurance, and it introduced a bunch of measures that made rate hikes much harder to impose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this post-Prop 103 regulatory scheme, for example, the state prevented insurance companies from using forward-looking estimates of risk — so-called “catastrophe models” — when setting their rates. Consumer advocates saw these kinds of models, which use computers to forecast an uncertain future, as a Trojan horse for price-gouging. The state forced insurers to only use backward-looking estimates of risk. They figured it was more transparent and fair to use hard, verifiable data from the past. The state required insurers to base their premium rates on a 20-year average of historical losses. It also prevented insurers from pricing into their premiums the cost of “reinsurance,” or insurance for insurers — something that insurers sometimes need after extreme weather events require massive payouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With these and other measures, the California Department of Insurance effectively kept home insurance premiums artificially low. And, Nancy says, that had some big side effects, like incentivizing more people to live in fire-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prices are important, especially for things like where people locate, where houses are built,” Wallace says. Artificially low insurance prices, for example, may have encouraged cities and developers to build neighborhoods closer to the flammable wilderness. In fact, in recent decades, fire-prone areas have seen some of \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef752c85f755d7f54f2bc043d7d1d34258eba8e1c7c1ebf06fc3d30eef1874e17199f85a6715f4d26bab2a33138ba2c2c34d\">the fastest population growth\u003c/a> rates in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And greater density in fire country may have contributed, Wallace says, to problems like narrow roads prone to traffic jams, making escapes from wildfires — like the one she personally made — much harder. And this increased number of people living in fire-prone areas meant that taxpayers had to invest much more in firefighting and other public services to keep people safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a time, California’s insurance system was maybe workable. Big, destructive fires used to be rarer, so the insurance system didn’t experience as much stress. But, Wallace says, around a decade ago, there was a tipping point where big wildfires started becoming more frequent and more destructive. California has seen hotter temperatures. Droughts have increased. Wind speeds have picked up. And big, destructive fires have become more commonplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climate change, it has started to become clear that the future will not look like the past, and California’s regulations requiring insurers to make pricing decisions based on backward-looking models of risk have started to look pretty dumb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a free market for insurance, a higher risk for catastrophe would result in higher insurance premiums. But since California regulations prevented that, insurance premiums stayed artificially low. As big fires began demanding big payouts and the specter of more mass destruction loomed larger, insurance companies struggled to make the math work. And so they began fleeing the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Department of Insurance is seriously at fault,” Wallace says. “They destroyed the markets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With no ability to get standard private insurance, many Californians, especially in high-risk areas, were forced onto the state-created insurance plan of last resort, the California FAIR Plan (which is funded by private insurance companies and their policyholders in exchange for these insurers being able to sell property insurance in the state). This plan was not meant to be a permanent solution. It’s a high-risk pool. It’s expensive and it caps insurance payouts, so people with valuable properties, for example, can’t get the full value of their homes insured. (For more on the Fair Plan, listen to \u003cem>The Indicator’s\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef752def554e017046c68d64e56d9e122b948668defee7f3d98a8ca83c3b48f68959bbd53a4be40108278e4b49a01efa1366\">recent podcast\u003c/a> episode, “\u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75ad3ea8e1c631a94cbfd2f84a8bb2e0bdc5c41cb89b0aa89806246574584a2b7a19e0b2d5d203e970a6f94db4ef3aa9cb\">Who’s on the hook for California’s uninsurable homes?”\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, seeing insurers fleeing their state — and perhaps seeing the studies by Wallace and others — California regulators came to the conclusion that the state’s insurance regulations were unworkable. \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75a5ff1040268ead24f714da3ba14e4b61045ac73f797c9a64f33b8504aa92ce3015cef0a1f782e8d75cca1ae80db21f3b\">California’s insurance commissioner\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75afd08e6ec55b098466c8fb29f8a8aa0de37ff268054db7acdfbb72a833abc449d17eeefb0223deb668d431aec9134f60\">supported by Governor Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>, ended the ban on using forward-looking catastrophe models for setting premiums, giving the green light to the insurance industry to start actually trying to price in the rising risk and cost of wildfires. As part of this deal, insurers have agreed to underwrite more policies in fire-prone areas. Those changes took effect mere weeks ago, just before the outbreak of fires around Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef758d671df0f55cb759f76d79ae6a39676c82aaeb68eff8baa39485a93815c0798ffec35d920f986d03e7419e4b2504f677\">recently touted\u003c/a> the fact that, after these changes took effect, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75adaa7ecc510b1f002229dc3a5e52b0f0ba21fc0937c8de1d1ff4406e80c380209a180d0e4c2077bb2cae1b115367d0ca\">a private insurer\u003c/a> agreed to insure homes in the town of Paradise, which notoriously burned entirely to the ground in 2018 (listen to \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75923982ac856c35604a589df10ac0713768007a557a138dc8bb106d3a3746a95179e17bd5973a1bde5c377a0be2a53730\">this 2021 \u003cem>Planet Money\u003c/em> episode\u003c/a> about efforts to rebuild the town).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ I thought that was an absolutely crucial step,” Wallace says of California’s recent reforms to how it regulates insurance markets. “Now we have to get to work and figure out what the true pricing should be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is the right price for living in fire country?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Finding the right price for insurance premiums entails building and refining statistical models that can nail down the risks of wildfires for houses and businesses around the state. The current models, Wallace says, are not good enough. Insurance companies and the government, she says, “literally do not know” what the real risks are. There is quite a bit of uncertainty about, for example, how far fires can spread, which exact homes are the most at risk, and whether big fires in certain places are like 50- or 20- or 10-year events. Inaccurate estimates of fire risks, Wallace says, could result in premiums that are too low, as has been the case for a while in much of California, but also too high in some cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s why she and her colleagues at UC Berkeley, and, more specifically, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef754cff7aad12d66d30529af53e60e7510c3c8be12e3638bfe87ffabe5e31efbdeb49c9b5550a39224ede20bbbf4618d619\">Wallace’s lab\u003c/a> at the Fisher Center for Real Estate and Urban Economics, have been building bridges across disciplines, marshaling the data and intellect of climate scientists, computer scientists, engineers, economists, and more to create high-tech models that can better estimate the risk of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s important. As we’ve seen, the costs of fire destruction are enormous. And someone has to pay for it. If homeowners want to continue living in fire-prone areas, Wallace says, they need to bear more of the risk and, in effect, pay higher insurance premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This risk cannot be borne exclusively by insurance companies,” Wallace says. “It’s also got to be borne by homeowners.” Bearing more of that risk would, she says, incentivize homeowners to take more actions to protect their properties (and fight what economists call “moral hazard,” or people’s tendency to not take steps to mitigate risk when they’re insured).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond just accurately pricing wildfire risks, Wallace says, the government and insurance companies should work to incentivize and help homeowners to retrofit older, more flammable homes. Wallace points to \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef7580942e3312338e3342964bed36821bc9734f89f945bfee110ad76ed39d07fe3c7b1d2fd55489311bdd5196c2579778fd\">a study\u003c/a> by economists Patrick Baylis and Judson Boomhower. The economists find that California houses built after the mid-1990s — and, even more, those built after 2008 — are far more likely to survive wildfires. That’s because the state strengthened its building codes during those years, requiring that homes be built with, for example, more fire-retardant siding and roofs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Paradise, in Sonoma, in Napa, the Woolsey fire, the houses that survive are those with the post-2008 building code requirements,” Wallace says. “The major problem in California is that our [older] housing stock is not built to withstand the embers and the radiant heat of fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But updating California’s older housing stock is super expensive. Which is why Wallace wants policymakers and businesspeople to create new home loan programs, which would make it feasible for California homeowners to invest in making their homes more resistant to fire. She believes this could even be a money-making product for financial firms. “If you’re a bank, wouldn’t you like to invest in home loans that make the mortgages that you’re also planning to make safer?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace also hopes that, going forward, insurers could offer discounts on home insurance for taking anti-fire measures that lower risks, further incentivizing homeowners to protect their homes and reduce costs. This could be facilitated by technological innovations. For example, Wallace points to a former grad student of hers who actually created an app, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef753a638d8caa455b595774d9f5ced2a81e82649b882d660f362509fd0d031d668c994a9f0acd398e197f15bb4e72a30e37\">Firebreak\u003c/a>, which helps homeowners identify fire risks around their properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happens after the fires in the LA hills?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Wallace and her colleagues found in their study, for a long time, California homes that were destroyed by fires ended up getting bigger, better, and more valuable. Will the same thing happen again in the LA hills after the latest shocking fires?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace suggests that it’s possible this time is different. For one, “We don’t have that insurance market anymore,” Wallace says. “It’s been broken by not allowing firms to price the risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many homes in the LA hills were forced off of private insurance policies that gave them full coverage, and they had to turn to the California FAIR Plan, which caps residential coverage at $3 million. There are a significant number of destroyed homes in the LA hills that were worth more than that. Wallace also points to less affluent neighborhoods, like Altadena, where many homeowners did not have insurance (only people with mortgages are required to have fire casualty insurance). Absent some sort of government help, many fire victims will likely be unable to afford reconstruction. In the wake of natural disasters, construction costs tend to surge because tons of people need to build all at once and there are shortages of everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another big cost will be building back better. If the city and state are being sensible, Wallace says, they will make investments in better infrastructure, like a less fire-prone electricity grid and better water systems to fight fires, making it less likely for future fires to break out and spread. Even more, she says, the state should continue mandating that builders of new houses follow the building code that’s proven to be more resilient to fires. “It’s absolutely nonsensical to build back in the same risky way,” Wallace says. (Gov. Gavin Newsom recently issued \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef7510e032185965f148774b9357ac305ff7e327c20e50c1642e00232677078a240787be1e9855470a8a23ef7d9d75f34500\">a vague executive order\u003c/a> on this issue, directing state agencies to waive building regulations to speed up construction, but only those regulations “that can safely be suspended.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of high costs and more limited insurance coverage and other factors, Wallace says, there may be fewer homes built in the L.A. neighborhoods devastated by fires. And, with higher insurance premiums reflecting the risk for buildings there, these neighborhoods will likely become even more exclusive dens for the rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the current tragic circumstances, however, these burned-down neighborhoods still have a lot going for them. Their views of the ocean and the city are often incredible. Their charred parks and hiking trails will recover. And they’re still close to a legendary metropolis, with a vibrant culture, an incredible economy, and a housing shortage. The land in the L.A. hills is still very valuable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“L.A. is a major, metropolitan, gateway city of the world,” Wallace says. “And it is not going away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And whether it’s floods or tornados or earthquakes or wildfires, human beings have a remarkable knack for comfortably living in areas with lots of risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace expects that, if the state pursues the right path to make these neighborhoods more resilient to future fires and follows through with fixing the state’s broken insurance system, destroyed properties in the LA hills will be rebuilt, insurable in the private market, and they’ll eventually “return to trajectory,” increasing in value like they were in the years preceding the devastation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the victims who lost everything in the fires, Wallace, reflecting on her own experience losing her home, advises people to begin creating inventories of the things they lost and working with builders to get real estimates of the costs to rebuild, keeping in mind that construction costs will likely climb as everyone else seeks to rebuild. Such information can be critical for getting adequate payouts. Insurers may provide a vital service, she suggests, but they’re not really your friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This first appeared in the Planet Money newsletter. NPR’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef753cb9c306d51ac1990911bcebbb0b528f00f65bbeab48dcc02179139055944fdf71b0ce45e6af81dc02169f3fd4392388\">\u003cem>most recent Planet Money episode\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> has more on the fires in California. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "An Economist Who Survived a Wildfire Is Now Taking on California's Insurance Crisis | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Three decades ago, Nancy Wallace narrowly escaped death in what was then California’s most destructive wildfire. Since then, the problem of wildfires has gotten much worse, so bad in fact that the state now faces a crisis in its market for home insurance. Solving the insurance crisis is something that’s very much in Wallace’s wheelhouse, and she’s been developing some important ideas and tools to try to fix it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace is a professor of finance and real estate at UC Berkeley’s Haas School of Business, and she’s a former adviser to \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef7518929ced10a9f7f06a8c0ea57e929cddb1c954abd77cee9267cd15ad5db2539db1ff2d2b7789f6c0addedd6066e75004\">the U.S. Treasury Department\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75b0c04f222950d350d1e6d7870773b9a3bf30fbf2fd253aa66deda96eb6bbfc8448e9f0e97e5ffa877514308f0c876b1c\">Federal Reserve\u003c/a>. She specializes in identifying and mitigating financial risks in housing markets, and she’s conducted some eye-opening studies on the rising risk of wildfires. She’s working with climate scientists to create forecast models that can help rescue failing insurance markets. And she’s advocating for new insurance schemes and financial products that would help California homeowners retrofit their homes and lower the danger that they’re destroyed by future fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wallace’s expertise in this area is more than just academic. It’s informed by her horrifying experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A story that begins with fire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On Oct. 20, 1991, Wallace smelled smoke wafting in the air outside of her home, high in the hills above Oakland, Calif. The day before, a fire had broken out down her street. Firefighters had put it out, but she was now on high alert. The air felt dry. The wind was picking up. And the smell of smoke scared her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace grew up in Michigan, never experiencing the danger of wildfires. She and her husband had moved to Oakland a few years earlier when she got a job at nearby UC Berkeley. They scraped together every penny they could and bought a fixer-upper in the Oakland Hills, near the ridgeline of the mountains above the city, surrounded by Monterey pine and eucalyptus trees. They had finished remodeling their home just one month before this fateful day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After smelling smoke, Wallace and her husband grabbed family heirlooms and antiques, important documents, some paintings and clothes, and their cat. They jumped in their car. And that’s when they saw a hurricane of fire engulfing the neighborhood below them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023795\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023795\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1063\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-53-1536x1020.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Hills fire burned thousands of homes and created a dust cloud that could be seen for miles. Picture taken on Oct. 20, 1991. \u003ccite>(San Francisco Chronicle/Hearst Newspapers/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They turned frantic. When they hit a fork in the road, they hesitated whether to turn right or left. Both directions were being enveloped by flames. Wallace insisted they go right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seconds after going right, a car came out of the flames,” Wallace says. “And they said, “If you go up this road, you will die.” They said that power lines had fallen on a truck. A firefighter (who turned out to be Oakland Fire Battalion Chief James M. Riley Jr.) and a passenger he was trying to rescue were both dead, and the truck and power lines were blocking the road. Wallace and her husband were forced to turn around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At that point our cat shed her fur — literally shed her fur,” Wallace says. “Because the fire was just beating on our car. I thought for sure the car would burst into flames.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They drove the other direction, down a winding, one-lane road through the heart of the inferno. Embers were flying everywhere. Houses and trees were bursting into flames. They saw a motorcyclist on fire. They saw frantic drivers crashing into trees. They saw a heroic policeman — officer John William Grubensky, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75bce67e527b223b6b74454469a6ee4b5c4d28d4b80c1c74ca9c048c5577e51dda01054a7fea5db647bea7c09420b6d60a\">who would soon die attempting to rescue a family from a burning home\u003c/a> — on a loudspeaker, trying to keep people calm and get them out safely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace and her husband got lucky. Their 6-year-old son was miles away, safe and sound during the whole ordeal. He had spent the night at a friend’s house. They were also lucky, of course, to escape with their lives. On the very same narrow street they had escaped on, vehicles after them got stuck behind a car that crashed, blocking their exit route. “Just on that one street, I think there were five people who died, along with officer Grubensky,” Wallace says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023797\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023797\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1218\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54-800x609.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54-1020x776.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-54-1536x1169.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Claremont Hotel in October 1991. \u003ccite>(MediaNews Group/Oakland Tribune/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About two weeks later, Nancy and her family returned to see what happened to their home. It had turned to ash. “In the middle of this ash was a porcelain bowl,” Nancy says. Porcelain apparently doesn’t burn. “It was just sitting on top of the ash by itself. It was surreal. Everything else was gone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oakland Hills fire in 1991 ended up \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75485da7a340229be9c97f0e6420bf14a101443bb7f24e1e272415cbf09f6cfd05138067d7b96668b5ed57ec92aea7a128\">killing 25 people\u003c/a>, injuring 150 others, and destroying \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75ddd648a58c07d66aa9ddc9ec1529a704070de632598dd8b995cc7f99ca0cc8fa046ac848b82a3c3bd9ad1540bef156c9\">around 3,000 homes\u003c/a>. For a long time, it was \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75cf0200df54bf0a3d6ffb6d4f929c601dfc5564db5e40f55c222340b07cef5c051e7e292a3241c323ebbd7261014e0795\">the most destructive fire\u003c/a> in \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef750b1d7065c27ee79c4534ff1929155f236c2f543cf6e8581b18e39ef69b3bc9665b6e08c77eca56ac00c49a9311d8c1ba\">California history\u003c/a>. That is, until the last decade, when California has seen a mind-boggling uptick in even more destructive fires, including \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef753f8019c3c068c3eda0100d6cde825c212e8ef4b717d8666b3f4693739937c96492c750fdef03a0565e5a814432f85d38\">two in LA in recent weeks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why California properties got more valuable after fires\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Around five years ago, Wallace recounted her incredible story in the Oakland Hills fire to her former PhD student Carles Vergara-Alert, who was back in Berkeley on a sabbatical as a visiting professor, and two other Berkeley economists, Richard Stanton and Paulo Issler. And it inspired them to study how the rising risk of wildfires was affecting housing markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pretty weird thing seemed to be happening to properties destroyed by fires. Nancy noticed it in her own community. After the fire, people got insurance money and rebuilt their homes. Their homes seemed to get bigger and nicer. And, like elsewhere in the Bay Area, their home values went on a rocket ship to the moon in the decades after the fire. It was like everyone had forgotten that it was still a risky area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, this was just a casual observation about one place. Wallace, Vergara-Alert, Issler, and Stanton decided they wanted to build a comprehensive dataset to see what happened, more systematically, to California housing markets after they were scorched by wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dataset they assembled is pretty amazing. After each fire in California, the state’s fire agency, Cal Fire, sends a team of technicians to investigate. They create detailed maps of the burn areas and document, house by house, damages. The economists used this rich data on burn areas between 2001 and 2015, focusing on the houses that burned and the nearby houses that did not. They combined this data with their own comprehensive data on virtually every home in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might think that property prices of the houses that burned would plummet. I mean, the house is destroyed, nearby parks, trees, hiking trails, and everything else is scorched, and the home’s views become burn zones, at least in the near-to-medium term, before nature and man-made structures come back from the ashes. Even more, you might think that the risks of living in the area would be top of mind for years to come, suppressing demand to live there. But no. Houses continue to be valuable investments in these fire-prone communities. Not only that. The economists find that, between 2001 and 2015, the properties that burned down and got rebuilt were actually significantly more valuable within five years of the catastrophe. Fire actually boosted their property values!\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One sort of obvious reason for this is these rebuilt houses were newer. And they were built to follow a more modern, state-mandated building code, making them more resistant to fire and earthquakes and generally safer. And, just as Wallace had observed in her own neighborhood, these rebuilt houses tended to be bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, in big wildfires, the houses in whole neighborhoods got built back bigger and better. Because the value of your house is influenced by the value of houses in your neighborhood, that was another boost to property values. Meanwhile, nature recovers — and, Wallace says, it recovers rather quickly in areas with Mediterranean climates — and the amazing beauty of these Californian communities returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, fires are obviously devastating in terms of lives lost, people hurt, disruptions to business, and so on. And for people who don’t have insurance, they cause huge financial losses. But — at least in the period the economists study, when, for the most part, there were functioning private insurance markets that offered full coverage and generous payouts — it seems like fires were actually a financial win for the average insured homeowner who lost their home. They were also a win for developers and construction companies, which rebuilt the homes. And they were at least partially a win for municipalities because rebuilt, more valuable homes meant higher property taxes, offsetting the tremendous taxpayer costs of fighting the fire and cleaning up afterwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, there was at least one huge financial loser in all of this: insurance companies. They had to foot the massive bill for home reconstructions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In normal insurance markets, that’s fine. People pay premiums, and those premiums are estimated based on the probability of losses. When those losses materialize, the insurance company pays. It’s the whole game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Wallace says, something funky began happening in California’s insurance markets, and the state’s insurance system ended up breaking down.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How California’s insurance market failed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>First, the state has had restrictive regulations on what insurance companies can charge. Wallace says that a big force behind that was \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75935a55e5b4f983979ff21aed4f5612ec244a8152bf65baa21a39f957595996452ef222251e6f34859177d743878725d9\">Proposition 103\u003c/a>, which was championed by Ralph Nader. Back in the 1980s, Nader and other consumer activists argued that insurance companies should be strictly regulated when setting their premium rates. This ballot initiative, which was \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef754836c5dd42e63930ebfddf0673a0a63f0485dd58d5d3a6a2a18676baafd08074c8a161053c7dda64fb585a2d85138ad3\">narrowly approved\u003c/a> by California voters in 1988, required insurance companies to get rate hikes approved by the California Department of Insurance, and it introduced a bunch of measures that made rate hikes much harder to impose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this post-Prop 103 regulatory scheme, for example, the state prevented insurance companies from using forward-looking estimates of risk — so-called “catastrophe models” — when setting their rates. Consumer advocates saw these kinds of models, which use computers to forecast an uncertain future, as a Trojan horse for price-gouging. The state forced insurers to only use backward-looking estimates of risk. They figured it was more transparent and fair to use hard, verifiable data from the past. The state required insurers to base their premium rates on a 20-year average of historical losses. It also prevented insurers from pricing into their premiums the cost of “reinsurance,” or insurance for insurers — something that insurers sometimes need after extreme weather events require massive payouts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With these and other measures, the California Department of Insurance effectively kept home insurance premiums artificially low. And, Nancy says, that had some big side effects, like incentivizing more people to live in fire-prone areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prices are important, especially for things like where people locate, where houses are built,” Wallace says. Artificially low insurance prices, for example, may have encouraged cities and developers to build neighborhoods closer to the flammable wilderness. In fact, in recent decades, fire-prone areas have seen some of \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef752c85f755d7f54f2bc043d7d1d34258eba8e1c7c1ebf06fc3d30eef1874e17199f85a6715f4d26bab2a33138ba2c2c34d\">the fastest population growth\u003c/a> rates in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And greater density in fire country may have contributed, Wallace says, to problems like narrow roads prone to traffic jams, making escapes from wildfires — like the one she personally made — much harder. And this increased number of people living in fire-prone areas meant that taxpayers had to invest much more in firefighting and other public services to keep people safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a time, California’s insurance system was maybe workable. Big, destructive fires used to be rarer, so the insurance system didn’t experience as much stress. But, Wallace says, around a decade ago, there was a tipping point where big wildfires started becoming more frequent and more destructive. California has seen hotter temperatures. Droughts have increased. Wind speeds have picked up. And big, destructive fires have become more commonplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With climate change, it has started to become clear that the future will not look like the past, and California’s regulations requiring insurers to make pricing decisions based on backward-looking models of risk have started to look pretty dumb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a free market for insurance, a higher risk for catastrophe would result in higher insurance premiums. But since California regulations prevented that, insurance premiums stayed artificially low. As big fires began demanding big payouts and the specter of more mass destruction loomed larger, insurance companies struggled to make the math work. And so they began fleeing the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California Department of Insurance is seriously at fault,” Wallace says. “They destroyed the markets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With no ability to get standard private insurance, many Californians, especially in high-risk areas, were forced onto the state-created insurance plan of last resort, the California FAIR Plan (which is funded by private insurance companies and their policyholders in exchange for these insurers being able to sell property insurance in the state). This plan was not meant to be a permanent solution. It’s a high-risk pool. It’s expensive and it caps insurance payouts, so people with valuable properties, for example, can’t get the full value of their homes insured. (For more on the Fair Plan, listen to \u003cem>The Indicator’s\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef752def554e017046c68d64e56d9e122b948668defee7f3d98a8ca83c3b48f68959bbd53a4be40108278e4b49a01efa1366\">recent podcast\u003c/a> episode, “\u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75ad3ea8e1c631a94cbfd2f84a8bb2e0bdc5c41cb89b0aa89806246574584a2b7a19e0b2d5d203e970a6f94db4ef3aa9cb\">Who’s on the hook for California’s uninsurable homes?”\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, seeing insurers fleeing their state — and perhaps seeing the studies by Wallace and others — California regulators came to the conclusion that the state’s insurance regulations were unworkable. \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75a5ff1040268ead24f714da3ba14e4b61045ac73f797c9a64f33b8504aa92ce3015cef0a1f782e8d75cca1ae80db21f3b\">California’s insurance commissioner\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75afd08e6ec55b098466c8fb29f8a8aa0de37ff268054db7acdfbb72a833abc449d17eeefb0223deb668d431aec9134f60\">supported by Governor Gavin Newsom\u003c/a>, ended the ban on using forward-looking catastrophe models for setting premiums, giving the green light to the insurance industry to start actually trying to price in the rising risk and cost of wildfires. As part of this deal, insurers have agreed to underwrite more policies in fire-prone areas. Those changes took effect mere weeks ago, just before the outbreak of fires around Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef758d671df0f55cb759f76d79ae6a39676c82aaeb68eff8baa39485a93815c0798ffec35d920f986d03e7419e4b2504f677\">recently touted\u003c/a> the fact that, after these changes took effect, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75adaa7ecc510b1f002229dc3a5e52b0f0ba21fc0937c8de1d1ff4406e80c380209a180d0e4c2077bb2cae1b115367d0ca\">a private insurer\u003c/a> agreed to insure homes in the town of Paradise, which notoriously burned entirely to the ground in 2018 (listen to \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef75923982ac856c35604a589df10ac0713768007a557a138dc8bb106d3a3746a95179e17bd5973a1bde5c377a0be2a53730\">this 2021 \u003cem>Planet Money\u003c/em> episode\u003c/a> about efforts to rebuild the town).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ I thought that was an absolutely crucial step,” Wallace says of California’s recent reforms to how it regulates insurance markets. “Now we have to get to work and figure out what the true pricing should be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What is the right price for living in fire country?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Finding the right price for insurance premiums entails building and refining statistical models that can nail down the risks of wildfires for houses and businesses around the state. The current models, Wallace says, are not good enough. Insurance companies and the government, she says, “literally do not know” what the real risks are. There is quite a bit of uncertainty about, for example, how far fires can spread, which exact homes are the most at risk, and whether big fires in certain places are like 50- or 20- or 10-year events. Inaccurate estimates of fire risks, Wallace says, could result in premiums that are too low, as has been the case for a while in much of California, but also too high in some cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s why she and her colleagues at UC Berkeley, and, more specifically, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef754cff7aad12d66d30529af53e60e7510c3c8be12e3638bfe87ffabe5e31efbdeb49c9b5550a39224ede20bbbf4618d619\">Wallace’s lab\u003c/a> at the Fisher Center for Real Estate and Urban Economics, have been building bridges across disciplines, marshaling the data and intellect of climate scientists, computer scientists, engineers, economists, and more to create high-tech models that can better estimate the risk of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s important. As we’ve seen, the costs of fire destruction are enormous. And someone has to pay for it. If homeowners want to continue living in fire-prone areas, Wallace says, they need to bear more of the risk and, in effect, pay higher insurance premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This risk cannot be borne exclusively by insurance companies,” Wallace says. “It’s also got to be borne by homeowners.” Bearing more of that risk would, she says, incentivize homeowners to take more actions to protect their properties (and fight what economists call “moral hazard,” or people’s tendency to not take steps to mitigate risk when they’re insured).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond just accurately pricing wildfire risks, Wallace says, the government and insurance companies should work to incentivize and help homeowners to retrofit older, more flammable homes. Wallace points to \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef7580942e3312338e3342964bed36821bc9734f89f945bfee110ad76ed39d07fe3c7b1d2fd55489311bdd5196c2579778fd\">a study\u003c/a> by economists Patrick Baylis and Judson Boomhower. The economists find that California houses built after the mid-1990s — and, even more, those built after 2008 — are far more likely to survive wildfires. That’s because the state strengthened its building codes during those years, requiring that homes be built with, for example, more fire-retardant siding and roofs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Paradise, in Sonoma, in Napa, the Woolsey fire, the houses that survive are those with the post-2008 building code requirements,” Wallace says. “The major problem in California is that our [older] housing stock is not built to withstand the embers and the radiant heat of fires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But updating California’s older housing stock is super expensive. Which is why Wallace wants policymakers and businesspeople to create new home loan programs, which would make it feasible for California homeowners to invest in making their homes more resistant to fire. She believes this could even be a money-making product for financial firms. “If you’re a bank, wouldn’t you like to invest in home loans that make the mortgages that you’re also planning to make safer?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace also hopes that, going forward, insurers could offer discounts on home insurance for taking anti-fire measures that lower risks, further incentivizing homeowners to protect their homes and reduce costs. This could be facilitated by technological innovations. For example, Wallace points to a former grad student of hers who actually created an app, \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef753a638d8caa455b595774d9f5ced2a81e82649b882d660f362509fd0d031d668c994a9f0acd398e197f15bb4e72a30e37\">Firebreak\u003c/a>, which helps homeowners identify fire risks around their properties.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happens after the fires in the LA hills?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Wallace and her colleagues found in their study, for a long time, California homes that were destroyed by fires ended up getting bigger, better, and more valuable. Will the same thing happen again in the LA hills after the latest shocking fires?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace suggests that it’s possible this time is different. For one, “We don’t have that insurance market anymore,” Wallace says. “It’s been broken by not allowing firms to price the risk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many homes in the LA hills were forced off of private insurance policies that gave them full coverage, and they had to turn to the California FAIR Plan, which caps residential coverage at $3 million. There are a significant number of destroyed homes in the LA hills that were worth more than that. Wallace also points to less affluent neighborhoods, like Altadena, where many homeowners did not have insurance (only people with mortgages are required to have fire casualty insurance). Absent some sort of government help, many fire victims will likely be unable to afford reconstruction. In the wake of natural disasters, construction costs tend to surge because tons of people need to build all at once and there are shortages of everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another big cost will be building back better. If the city and state are being sensible, Wallace says, they will make investments in better infrastructure, like a less fire-prone electricity grid and better water systems to fight fires, making it less likely for future fires to break out and spread. Even more, she says, the state should continue mandating that builders of new houses follow the building code that’s proven to be more resilient to fires. “It’s absolutely nonsensical to build back in the same risky way,” Wallace says. (Gov. Gavin Newsom recently issued \u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef7510e032185965f148774b9357ac305ff7e327c20e50c1642e00232677078a240787be1e9855470a8a23ef7d9d75f34500\">a vague executive order\u003c/a> on this issue, directing state agencies to waive building regulations to speed up construction, but only those regulations “that can safely be suspended.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of high costs and more limited insurance coverage and other factors, Wallace says, there may be fewer homes built in the L.A. neighborhoods devastated by fires. And, with higher insurance premiums reflecting the risk for buildings there, these neighborhoods will likely become even more exclusive dens for the rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the current tragic circumstances, however, these burned-down neighborhoods still have a lot going for them. Their views of the ocean and the city are often incredible. Their charred parks and hiking trails will recover. And they’re still close to a legendary metropolis, with a vibrant culture, an incredible economy, and a housing shortage. The land in the L.A. hills is still very valuable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“L.A. is a major, metropolitan, gateway city of the world,” Wallace says. “And it is not going away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And whether it’s floods or tornados or earthquakes or wildfires, human beings have a remarkable knack for comfortably living in areas with lots of risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wallace expects that, if the state pursues the right path to make these neighborhoods more resilient to future fires and follows through with fixing the state’s broken insurance system, destroyed properties in the LA hills will be rebuilt, insurable in the private market, and they’ll eventually “return to trajectory,” increasing in value like they were in the years preceding the devastation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the victims who lost everything in the fires, Wallace, reflecting on her own experience losing her home, advises people to begin creating inventories of the things they lost and working with builders to get real estimates of the costs to rebuild, keeping in mind that construction costs will likely climb as everyone else seeks to rebuild. Such information can be critical for getting adequate payouts. Insurers may provide a vital service, she suggests, but they’re not really your friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This first appeared in the Planet Money newsletter. NPR’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://click.nl.npr.org/?qs=f4ba191b448cef753cb9c306d51ac1990911bcebbb0b528f00f65bbeab48dcc02179139055944fdf71b0ce45e6af81dc02169f3fd4392388\">\u003cem>most recent Planet Money episode\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> has more on the fires in California. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "paradise-burned-in-2018-rebuilding-it-offers-a-look-at-whats-ahead-for-la",
"title": "Paradise’s Recovery From the Camp Fire Holds Lessons for LA",
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"content": "\u003cp>You get a glimpse of the road ahead for Los Angeles after its wildfires by looking at a town that has already traveled it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2018, the Camp Fire destroyed about 11,000 homes in Paradise, Calif. and killed 85 people. The mountain town in the Sierra Nevada foothills is still recovering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person working on Paradise’s revival is Jenn Goodlin. She grew up there, and six years ago, she was living out of state, as almost her entire hometown burned to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt so helpless in Colorado. Like, how many Target gift cards can I send, right?” Goodlin said, speaking to NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A visit to Paradise later on made it clear to Goodlin that the best way to help Paradise was to move back and build a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023495\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-12023495\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-8-160x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-8-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-8.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jen Goodlin, executive director of the Rebuild Paradise Foundation, poses with a mural depicting a sunset from handprints of local children, at Paradise Community Park in November 2024. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jen Goodlin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Dragged my family along, my four children and my husband and said, ‘how about we leave our great life and move to a burnt-down town and live in a trailer for two and a half years?'” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She volunteered, helping people get food or sheds to store their tools. Then she took a job as executive director of the Rebuild Paradise Foundation, which finds money to help with rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most people never have to build a custom home in their lives, suddenly a town of thousands \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/08/1209471739/a-california-town-wiped-off-the-map-by-wildfire-is-still-recovering-five-years-o\">needed funding and knowledge of the basic, bureaucratic hurdles of construction\u003c/a>. The foundation would write people checks to pay for surveys, architecture and engineering fees and permit fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Septic was hit heavily, very expensive,” Goodlin said. \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/news/local/sewer-project-on-hold-for-town-of-paradise\">Without a sewer system\u003c/a>, Paradise relies on septic tanks. “We wanted to ease that burden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodlin said the foundation has a library of floor plans pre-approved by the town and county to help residents break ground more quickly. She said almost 200 new homes have relied on those floor plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many residents run into roadblocks with insurance companies that hesitate to cover homes in the so-called “wildland-urban interface” that is prone to fires. To make homes more resilient and more insurable, the foundation gave residents vouchers for gravel to lay down in the 5 feet surrounding their homes.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101908557,news_12015150,news_12021661\"]The nitty gritty of building and hardening homes has translated to growth. The \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/e-4-population-estimates-for-cities-counties-and-the-state-2021-2024-with-2020-census-benchmark/\">California Department of Finance\u003c/a>, which estimates populations in the state, said Paradise grew from fewer than 5,000 people in 2020 to nearly 11,000 in 2024. That’s still far from \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/e-4-population-estimates-for-cities-counties-and-the-state-2011-2020-with-2010-census-benchmark-new/\">a pre-Camp Fire population\u003c/a> of more than 26,000 in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the ground in Paradise, Goodlin has seen more\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>young families and children in town, noting that the Paradise Unified School District \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/news/local/cedarwood-elementary-in-magalia-unveils-upgraded-27-million-campus-ahead-of-school-year\">opened a new elementary school\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodlin’s advice for people in Los Angeles who talk of rebuilding homes is to take it one step at a time. She hopes Paradise’s story can be a survival guide for Altadena and Pacific Palisades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here. Like, we have gone through it — similar but different,” she said. “How can we help you now? People came to our side as well. But that’s now our job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was edited by Obed Manuel.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "What Los Angeles can learn from the experience of Paradise, a community that has spent more than six years recovering from the Camp Fire that killed 85 people and destroyed 11,000 homes.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You get a glimpse of the road ahead for Los Angeles after its wildfires by looking at a town that has already traveled it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2018, the Camp Fire destroyed about 11,000 homes in Paradise, Calif. and killed 85 people. The mountain town in the Sierra Nevada foothills is still recovering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person working on Paradise’s revival is Jenn Goodlin. She grew up there, and six years ago, she was living out of state, as almost her entire hometown burned to the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt so helpless in Colorado. Like, how many Target gift cards can I send, right?” Goodlin said, speaking to NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A visit to Paradise later on made it clear to Goodlin that the best way to help Paradise was to move back and build a home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023495\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-12023495\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-8-160x213.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"213\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-8-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-8.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jen Goodlin, executive director of the Rebuild Paradise Foundation, poses with a mural depicting a sunset from handprints of local children, at Paradise Community Park in November 2024. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jen Goodlin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Dragged my family along, my four children and my husband and said, ‘how about we leave our great life and move to a burnt-down town and live in a trailer for two and a half years?'” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She volunteered, helping people get food or sheds to store their tools. Then she took a job as executive director of the Rebuild Paradise Foundation, which finds money to help with rebuilding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While most people never have to build a custom home in their lives, suddenly a town of thousands \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/08/1209471739/a-california-town-wiped-off-the-map-by-wildfire-is-still-recovering-five-years-o\">needed funding and knowledge of the basic, bureaucratic hurdles of construction\u003c/a>. The foundation would write people checks to pay for surveys, architecture and engineering fees and permit fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Septic was hit heavily, very expensive,” Goodlin said. \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/news/local/sewer-project-on-hold-for-town-of-paradise\">Without a sewer system\u003c/a>, Paradise relies on septic tanks. “We wanted to ease that burden.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodlin said the foundation has a library of floor plans pre-approved by the town and county to help residents break ground more quickly. She said almost 200 new homes have relied on those floor plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many residents run into roadblocks with insurance companies that hesitate to cover homes in the so-called “wildland-urban interface” that is prone to fires. To make homes more resilient and more insurable, the foundation gave residents vouchers for gravel to lay down in the 5 feet surrounding their homes.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The nitty gritty of building and hardening homes has translated to growth. The \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/e-4-population-estimates-for-cities-counties-and-the-state-2021-2024-with-2020-census-benchmark/\">California Department of Finance\u003c/a>, which estimates populations in the state, said Paradise grew from fewer than 5,000 people in 2020 to nearly 11,000 in 2024. That’s still far from \u003ca href=\"https://dof.ca.gov/forecasting/demographics/estimates/e-4-population-estimates-for-cities-counties-and-the-state-2011-2020-with-2010-census-benchmark-new/\">a pre-Camp Fire population\u003c/a> of more than 26,000 in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the ground in Paradise, Goodlin has seen more\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>young families and children in town, noting that the Paradise Unified School District \u003ca href=\"https://krcrtv.com/news/local/cedarwood-elementary-in-magalia-unveils-upgraded-27-million-campus-ahead-of-school-year\">opened a new elementary school\u003c/a> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goodlin’s advice for people in Los Angeles who talk of rebuilding homes is to take it one step at a time. She hopes Paradise’s story can be a survival guide for Altadena and Pacific Palisades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are here. Like, we have gone through it — similar but different,” she said. “How can we help you now? People came to our side as well. But that’s now our job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was edited by Obed Manuel.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the second day of the second Trump administration, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/search-results/index.html?query=abortion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">search\u003c/a> for the term “abortion” on the website of the federal Department of Health and Human Services brings up 166 results. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/document/hhs-issues-notice-violation-california-its-abortion-coverage-mandate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top hit\u003c/a> is from January 24, 2020, during President Trump’s first term, and is about how \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ca-notice-of-violation-abortion-insurance-cases-01-24-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California violated the rights\u003c/a> of two religious organizations that wanted to offer health plans that excluded coverage for abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to sort the results to see the most recent items first returns no links at all, and the message reads “search unreachable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A site the Biden administration launched after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, ReproductiveRights.gov, is now a broken link. (An archived version of the site is \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20250114100235/http://www.reproductiverights.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still viewable\u003c/a> through the Internet Archive.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes to the information available on government websites reflects quiet moves on the part of the new Trump administration on abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abortion was not mentioned in Trump’s inaugural address. It was also not a focus of the dozens of executive actions he took after being sworn in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump’s first term, “conscience rights” ruled the day when it came to abortion, which was still legal in all states. Rights were oriented towards religious organizations and providers that objected to abortion. The HHS.gov website appears to have been quickly edited to reflect that view again.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101908553,news_12014103,news_12023094\"]The Biden administration held that abortion is an individual right. Now, content that reflects that position is hard to find on federal government websites. Some material is still online, however, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/hhs-report-reproductive-health.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 2022 action plan (PDF)\u003c/a> to “protect and strengthen reproductive care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The now-defunct ReproductiveRights.gov site included information about people’s rights to contraception, abortion medication and procedures, and emergency and preventive care while pregnant. It also directed people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.abortionfinder.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AbortionFinder\u003c/a> for information about state restrictions and financial assistance for people seeking abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s choice to lead HHS, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., has not yet had his confirmation hearing scheduled. Until last year, Kennedy took a very different stance on abortion than Trump, stating he was firmly in favor of abortion access. It is an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/14/nx-s1-5232808/robert-f-kennedy-jr-rfk-hhs-confirmation-hearing-abortion-vaccines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">open question whether anti-abortion\u003c/a> Republicans in the Senate will support him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the second day of the second Trump administration, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/search-results/index.html?query=abortion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">search\u003c/a> for the term “abortion” on the website of the federal Department of Health and Human Services brings up 166 results. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/guidance/document/hhs-issues-notice-violation-california-its-abortion-coverage-mandate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">top hit\u003c/a> is from January 24, 2020, during President Trump’s first term, and is about how \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/ca-notice-of-violation-abortion-insurance-cases-01-24-2020.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California violated the rights\u003c/a> of two religious organizations that wanted to offer health plans that excluded coverage for abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trying to sort the results to see the most recent items first returns no links at all, and the message reads “search unreachable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A site the Biden administration launched after the Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, ReproductiveRights.gov, is now a broken link. (An archived version of the site is \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20250114100235/http://www.reproductiverights.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still viewable\u003c/a> through the Internet Archive.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes to the information available on government websites reflects quiet moves on the part of the new Trump administration on abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abortion was not mentioned in Trump’s inaugural address. It was also not a focus of the dozens of executive actions he took after being sworn in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump’s first term, “conscience rights” ruled the day when it came to abortion, which was still legal in all states. Rights were oriented towards religious organizations and providers that objected to abortion. The HHS.gov website appears to have been quickly edited to reflect that view again.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Biden administration held that abortion is an individual right. Now, content that reflects that position is hard to find on federal government websites. Some material is still online, however, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/hhs-report-reproductive-health.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 2022 action plan (PDF)\u003c/a> to “protect and strengthen reproductive care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The now-defunct ReproductiveRights.gov site included information about people’s rights to contraception, abortion medication and procedures, and emergency and preventive care while pregnant. It also directed people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.abortionfinder.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AbortionFinder\u003c/a> for information about state restrictions and financial assistance for people seeking abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s choice to lead HHS, Robert F. Kennedy Jr., has not yet had his confirmation hearing scheduled. Until last year, Kennedy took a very different stance on abortion than Trump, stating he was firmly in favor of abortion access. It is an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/14/nx-s1-5232808/robert-f-kennedy-jr-rfk-hhs-confirmation-hearing-abortion-vaccines\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">open question whether anti-abortion\u003c/a> Republicans in the Senate will support him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>TIJUANA, Mexico — It’s noon and the sun is brutal. At the foot of a steep hill, in the shade, a woman with an exhausted stare is rocking her child to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Alamie says she can’t remember the last time she rested, certainly not back in Buenaventura, the city on Colombia’s Pacific coast where she comes from, a place rocked by armed conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband owned a small store there. He was a peace activist in his free time. Local gangs began demanding higher protection fees. She said, “They told us if we didn’t pay, they’d kill our family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alamie says the decision to leave home was made in a matter of seconds. They’d head north to the U.S.-Mexico border and hire a \u003cem>coyote\u003c/em> (a smuggler) to get them to the other side. Her sister, who lives in California, would be waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a coyote in Tijuana was easy. One guy offered to cross the family of three for $8,000. But folks at Juventud 2000, a shelter in the city, dissuaded them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told us we could get killed out there or caught and sent back to Colombia,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023023\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andres Patiño plays with his son outside the Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Immigrants like Alamie have decided instead to go the official route by using the CBP One app, which provides an appointment to request legal entry into the U.S. But she’s been waiting for five months and is starting to get desperate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unauthorized apprehensions at the U.S. southern border have decreased significantly in the past six months — by more than 70% compared with the same period in 2023, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-releases-december-2024-monthly-update\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government attributes the dip to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/06/23/1198912704/bidens-executive-actions-on-immigration-send-mixed-signals\">an executive order\u003c/a> issued last summer by President Biden that severely restricts asylum requests from migrants attempting to cross the U.S.-Mexico border with no authorization. Another factor is the implementation of the CBP One app, and experts say the Mexican national guard cracking down on migrants heading north is playing a key role, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Biden’s successor, President-elect Donald Trump, takes office on Jan. 20, he will be inheriting a quiet border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alamie says the date is looming in her mind. “I think about it every day,” she says. “I imagine him taking his seat at the White House. And then what’s going to happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to ramping up border security, Trump has promised to shut down the CBP One app. “We will stop all migrant flights, end all illegal entries” he \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1835315698169475316?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1835315698169475316%7Ctwgr%5Ec463189ca2f09e6a59829ce2e85febcef0d344a1%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fpolicy%2Fimmigration%2F3227614%2Ftrump-ending-cbp-one-migrant-app-border-consequences%2F\">posted on X last year\u003c/a>, “[and] terminate the Kamala phone app for smuggling illegals,” a reference to the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s assertion that the app is used to smuggle people across the border is false. Immigrants seeking asylum use the app to make appointments for screening with U.S. government officials to gain legal entry into the country while they wait to seek asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023024\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pedestrian port of entry in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023025\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023025\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents line the grounds of the migrant shelter Juventud 2000 in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the lower number of border apprehensions only tells part of the story. Behind the scenes, folks on the ground say major shifts are happening in how people cross the border. “Immigrants are still arriving,” says Jose Maria Garcia Lara, director of the Juventud 2000 migrant shelter. “They’re just moving underground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shelter is just a stone’s throw away from the border wall. It’s so packed that the floor of the main room is covered in back-to-back sleeping tents. Many people here are Mexicans displaced by narco violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, a nonprofit is delivering presents to migrant children. The result is utter chaos. Shrieks of delight are punctuated by beeping toy sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia Lara says this is nothing compared with what it was like early last year. There were so many migrants that people had to camp out in public parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For months now, the number of people arriving at the shelter has gone down,” he says. “They’re still coming to Tijuana though. Becoming invisible. Hiring coyotes who put them up in motels and safe houses, so they can cross over through more remote parts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023026\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-800x576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-1020x734.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-1536x1106.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Maria Garcia Lara head of migrant shelter Juventud 2000 in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Humanitarian aid groups say the shift has been notable. “Things along the border have changed in the last year to four months,” says James Crodero of the volunteer group Border Kindness, which leaves first aid supplies and water for migrants along the border. He says crossings have shifted “from more predictable routes that have been used for years on end, to areas that we don’t know. We know for a fact that people are coming across, and it has moved into more dangerous areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the Tijuana shelter, in her piece of shade, Alamie says she’s reconsidering attempting to cross. The coyote has almost doubled his price, from $8,000 to $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so close,” she sighs, pointing in the direction of the border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a general sense of anxiety at the shelter. Near where Alamie is sitting, a group of women wash clothing at a furious pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re all from Michoacán, Mexico, and say they’re all fleeing drug violence. They keep trying to get a CBP One appointment with no luck, and they know their window of opportunity is closing. But they don’t want to cross without documents or hire a coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked if they’d ever go back home, one woman, Marta, who asks that her last name be withheld fearing cartel violence, smiles wearily. Without pausing her scrubbing, she answers: “Never. But we can’t move forward either. We’re stuck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marta from Michoacán, Mexico, washes clothes at the migrant shelter Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023028\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child peers through the gate doors as women wash clothes at the Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the city, in a neighborhood up in the hills, a man named Samuel makes a living getting people like Marta and Alamie unstuck. Samuel is a coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He will not give his last name because what he does is illegal in both countries. And like all coyotes, he has to give a cut of his profits to a cartel. He won’t tell me which one. He simply refers to them as “\u003cem>los mañosos,\u003c/em>” or “the slick ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samuel says crossing costs between $9,000 and $12,000 for a family. He says he’s heard of coyotes who can “get violent” with women but that he’s always been respectful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023030\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mountain view of Tecate, Mexico, from California’s Jacumba Valley on Dec. 7, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, he says, migrants get crossed through deeper parts of the desert. It’s dangerous terrain, and can take up to a week, but it’s less patrolled by Mexican authorities and U.S. Border Patrol. “We don’t get caught. We have ways,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-header \">\n\u003cp>An unassuming middle-aged man, Samuel is surveilling as we speak, his eyes darting around. He speaks in short sentences unless he gets heated, like when he’s asked if the incoming Trump administration could hurt his business. “The U.S. can put up a wall,” he says. “But you better make sure it reaches the sky. Because there’s no such thing as a problem for us. Like a mouse, we’ll find a hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several miles up, on the other side of the border, many people envision a very different future under Trump’s administration, one with an impenetrable border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023031\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023031\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1324\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-800x662.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-1020x844.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-160x132.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-1536x1271.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe at the US southern border in Jacumba Valley, California, on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kate Monroe is the founder of Border Vets, a group of military veterans that advocate for stronger border security. We meet her on the San Diego side of the border, in what’s known as the Jacumba Wilderness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has reported extensively in this region. In the past few years, it’s been the site of massive informal open-air detention camps. “Up until just a few months ago, you would see 500 to 1,000 people a day crossing in every single hole along this border, in broad daylight,” she says. That sight scared her. “Americans, we don’t have to go quietly into the night. We can stand up and fight that,” referring to illegal crossings.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101908347,news_12021487,news_12016488\"]Still, for the last few months, it’s been quieter out here as border crossings go down or, depending on who you ask, go further underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe’s hope is that the incoming president takes border enforcement further. She says she’s looking forward to seeing mass deportations of immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everyone can agree that those people should go,” she says. Monroe also hopes to see a strengthened Border Patrol and the wall finished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being an advocate for tougher immigration and border enforcement doesn’t mean she doesn’t have compassion for immigrants, she says. Particularly when it comes to the risks and dangers women face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe says her military career ended after a brutal sexual assault. When she hears migrant women’s stories and the way sexual assault is often seen as the “price to pay” for making the trek to the U.S., it reminds her of what she endured. “It disgusts me,” she says. “It pains me and my spirit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If anything, she would like to see border security and deportations combined with immigration reform that allows for orderly migration. “If we really want people in our country, we need to build workforce housing, change our visa program, reimagine the way that we handle immigration. All these jobs we say Americans don’t want, we need to put together a plan to get labor here in a way that doesn’t get them assaulted, robbed and killed on the way here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023033\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023033\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe visits the southern US border in Jacumba Valley on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023034\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe speaks to migrants in Jacumba Valley, after they crossed into the US on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we talk, we see a family walking by the border wall. They’re the first migrants I’ve seen out here in three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They look terrified to see us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe gives them water. Two of the girls, ages 4 and 11, start sobbing. Their puffy winter jackets are covered in desert dust. Their father, Ronald, hugs them and cries. “It’s over,” he whispers in their ear. “We’re no longer running away. Nothing can happen to us now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is from Venezuela. They’ve been on the move for a month. They say it felt too scary to wait in Mexico hoping to get an official appointment for entry into the U.S., so they hired a coyote. When asked about that experience, Ronald’s voice cracks as he says, “To those people, we are nothing but merchandise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of seconds, before he can tell us his last name or the rest of his story, Border Patrol agents arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023035\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mother holds onto her daughter after crossing the southern border in Jacumba Valley as Border Patrol agents process the group. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Can you imagine how humiliating?” Monroe says, pointing at Ronald as he crouches to remove his shoelaces, a standard Border Patrol request, while his daughters watch. “Is this what compassion looks like?” she asks as the family is loaded into the patrol car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe believes scenes like this are a result of policies Democrats put in place. She says there has to be a better way for people to come to America, and that Trump has the answers to fix the broken immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Unauthorized apprehensions at the US southern border have decreased significantly in the past six months, with the CBP One app one of the main factors. But wait times can be long, and Trump has vowed to shut down the app.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>TIJUANA, Mexico — It’s noon and the sun is brutal. At the foot of a steep hill, in the shade, a woman with an exhausted stare is rocking her child to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cindy Alamie says she can’t remember the last time she rested, certainly not back in Buenaventura, the city on Colombia’s Pacific coast where she comes from, a place rocked by armed conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband owned a small store there. He was a peace activist in his free time. Local gangs began demanding higher protection fees. She said, “They told us if we didn’t pay, they’d kill our family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alamie says the decision to leave home was made in a matter of seconds. They’d head north to the U.S.-Mexico border and hire a \u003cem>coyote\u003c/em> (a smuggler) to get them to the other side. Her sister, who lives in California, would be waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a coyote in Tijuana was easy. One guy offered to cross the family of three for $8,000. But folks at Juventud 2000, a shelter in the city, dissuaded them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They told us we could get killed out there or caught and sent back to Colombia,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023023\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023023\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-7-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andres Patiño plays with his son outside the Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Immigrants like Alamie have decided instead to go the official route by using the CBP One app, which provides an appointment to request legal entry into the U.S. But she’s been waiting for five months and is starting to get desperate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unauthorized apprehensions at the U.S. southern border have decreased significantly in the past six months — by more than 70% compared with the same period in 2023, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-releases-december-2024-monthly-update\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government attributes the dip to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/06/23/1198912704/bidens-executive-actions-on-immigration-send-mixed-signals\">an executive order\u003c/a> issued last summer by President Biden that severely restricts asylum requests from migrants attempting to cross the U.S.-Mexico border with no authorization. Another factor is the implementation of the CBP One app, and experts say the Mexican national guard cracking down on migrants heading north is playing a key role, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Biden’s successor, President-elect Donald Trump, takes office on Jan. 20, he will be inheriting a quiet border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alamie says the date is looming in her mind. “I think about it every day,” she says. “I imagine him taking his seat at the White House. And then what’s going to happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to ramping up border security, Trump has promised to shut down the CBP One app. “We will stop all migrant flights, end all illegal entries” he \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1835315698169475316?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1835315698169475316%7Ctwgr%5Ec463189ca2f09e6a59829ce2e85febcef0d344a1%7Ctwcon%5Es1_&ref_url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fpolicy%2Fimmigration%2F3227614%2Ftrump-ending-cbp-one-migrant-app-border-consequences%2F\">posted on X last year\u003c/a>, “[and] terminate the Kamala phone app for smuggling illegals,” a reference to the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s assertion that the app is used to smuggle people across the border is false. Immigrants seeking asylum use the app to make appointments for screening with U.S. government officials to gain legal entry into the country while they wait to seek asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023024\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023024\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-2-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pedestrian port of entry in Tijuana, Mexico on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023025\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023025\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-3-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tents line the grounds of the migrant shelter Juventud 2000 in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the lower number of border apprehensions only tells part of the story. Behind the scenes, folks on the ground say major shifts are happening in how people cross the border. “Immigrants are still arriving,” says Jose Maria Garcia Lara, director of the Juventud 2000 migrant shelter. “They’re just moving underground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shelter is just a stone’s throw away from the border wall. It’s so packed that the floor of the main room is covered in back-to-back sleeping tents. Many people here are Mexicans displaced by narco violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On this day, a nonprofit is delivering presents to migrant children. The result is utter chaos. Shrieks of delight are punctuated by beeping toy sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia Lara says this is nothing compared with what it was like early last year. There were so many migrants that people had to camp out in public parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For months now, the number of people arriving at the shelter has gone down,” he says. “They’re still coming to Tijuana though. Becoming invisible. Hiring coyotes who put them up in motels and safe houses, so they can cross over through more remote parts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023026\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023026\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1152\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-800x576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-1020x734.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-4-copy-e1737242919751-1536x1106.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jose Maria Garcia Lara head of migrant shelter Juventud 2000 in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Humanitarian aid groups say the shift has been notable. “Things along the border have changed in the last year to four months,” says James Crodero of the volunteer group Border Kindness, which leaves first aid supplies and water for migrants along the border. He says crossings have shifted “from more predictable routes that have been used for years on end, to areas that we don’t know. We know for a fact that people are coming across, and it has moved into more dangerous areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the Tijuana shelter, in her piece of shade, Alamie says she’s reconsidering attempting to cross. The coyote has almost doubled his price, from $8,000 to $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so close,” she sighs, pointing in the direction of the border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a general sense of anxiety at the shelter. Near where Alamie is sitting, a group of women wash clothing at a furious pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re all from Michoacán, Mexico, and say they’re all fleeing drug violence. They keep trying to get a CBP One appointment with no luck, and they know their window of opportunity is closing. But they don’t want to cross without documents or hire a coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked if they’d ever go back home, one woman, Marta, who asks that her last name be withheld fearing cartel violence, smiles wearily. Without pausing her scrubbing, she answers: “Never. But we can’t move forward either. We’re stuck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023027\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023027\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-5-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marta from Michoacán, Mexico, washes clothes at the migrant shelter Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023028\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023028\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-6-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A child peers through the gate doors as women wash clothes at the Embajadores de Jesús church in Tijuana, Mexico, on Dec. 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the other side of the city, in a neighborhood up in the hills, a man named Samuel makes a living getting people like Marta and Alamie unstuck. Samuel is a coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He will not give his last name because what he does is illegal in both countries. And like all coyotes, he has to give a cut of his profits to a cartel. He won’t tell me which one. He simply refers to them as “\u003cem>los mañosos,\u003c/em>” or “the slick ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Samuel says crossing costs between $9,000 and $12,000 for a family. He says he’s heard of coyotes who can “get violent” with women but that he’s always been respectful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023030\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-7-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mountain view of Tecate, Mexico, from California’s Jacumba Valley on Dec. 7, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These days, he says, migrants get crossed through deeper parts of the desert. It’s dangerous terrain, and can take up to a week, but it’s less patrolled by Mexican authorities and U.S. Border Patrol. “We don’t get caught. We have ways,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-header \">\n\u003cp>An unassuming middle-aged man, Samuel is surveilling as we speak, his eyes darting around. He speaks in short sentences unless he gets heated, like when he’s asked if the incoming Trump administration could hurt his business. “The U.S. can put up a wall,” he says. “But you better make sure it reaches the sky. Because there’s no such thing as a problem for us. Like a mouse, we’ll find a hole.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several miles up, on the other side of the border, many people envision a very different future under Trump’s administration, one with an impenetrable border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023031\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023031\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1324\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-800x662.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-1020x844.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-160x132.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-8-copy-e1737243188696-1536x1271.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe at the US southern border in Jacumba Valley, California, on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Kate Monroe is the founder of Border Vets, a group of military veterans that advocate for stronger border security. We meet her on the San Diego side of the border, in what’s known as the Jacumba Wilderness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has reported extensively in this region. In the past few years, it’s been the site of massive informal open-air detention camps. “Up until just a few months ago, you would see 500 to 1,000 people a day crossing in every single hole along this border, in broad daylight,” she says. That sight scared her. “Americans, we don’t have to go quietly into the night. We can stand up and fight that,” referring to illegal crossings.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Still, for the last few months, it’s been quieter out here as border crossings go down or, depending on who you ask, go further underground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe’s hope is that the incoming president takes border enforcement further. She says she’s looking forward to seeing mass deportations of immigrants with criminal records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everyone can agree that those people should go,” she says. Monroe also hopes to see a strengthened Border Patrol and the wall finished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being an advocate for tougher immigration and border enforcement doesn’t mean she doesn’t have compassion for immigrants, she says. Particularly when it comes to the risks and dangers women face.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe says her military career ended after a brutal sexual assault. When she hears migrant women’s stories and the way sexual assault is often seen as the “price to pay” for making the trek to the U.S., it reminds her of what she endured. “It disgusts me,” she says. “It pains me and my spirit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If anything, she would like to see border security and deportations combined with immigration reform that allows for orderly migration. “If we really want people in our country, we need to build workforce housing, change our visa program, reimagine the way that we handle immigration. All these jobs we say Americans don’t want, we need to put together a plan to get labor here in a way that doesn’t get them assaulted, robbed and killed on the way here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023033\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023033\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-9-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe visits the southern US border in Jacumba Valley on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023034\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023034\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-10-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kate Monroe speaks to migrants in Jacumba Valley, after they crossed into the US on Dec. 8, 2024. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As we talk, we see a family walking by the border wall. They’re the first migrants I’ve seen out here in three days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They look terrified to see us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe gives them water. Two of the girls, ages 4 and 11, start sobbing. Their puffy winter jackets are covered in desert dust. Their father, Ronald, hugs them and cries. “It’s over,” he whispers in their ear. “We’re no longer running away. Nothing can happen to us now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is from Venezuela. They’ve been on the move for a month. They say it felt too scary to wait in Mexico hoping to get an official appointment for entry into the U.S., so they hired a coyote. When asked about that experience, Ronald’s voice cracks as he says, “To those people, we are nothing but merchandise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of seconds, before he can tell us his last name or the rest of his story, Border Patrol agents arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12023035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12023035\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-11-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mother holds onto her daughter after crossing the southern border in Jacumba Valley as Border Patrol agents process the group. \u003ccite>(Zaydee Sanchez for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Can you imagine how humiliating?” Monroe says, pointing at Ronald as he crouches to remove his shoelaces, a standard Border Patrol request, while his daughters watch. “Is this what compassion looks like?” she asks as the family is loaded into the patrol car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monroe believes scenes like this are a result of policies Democrats put in place. She says there has to be a better way for people to come to America, and that Trump has the answers to fix the broken immigration system.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "trump-says-hell-likely-give-tiktok-a-90-day-extension",
"title": "Trump Says He'll Likely Give TikTok a 90-Day Extension",
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"content": "\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump said Saturday that he will “most likely” give TikTok a 90-day reprieve from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/17/nx-s1-5258396/supreme-court-upholds-tiktok-ban\">a looming ban\u003c/a> once he assumes office on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that would be, certainly, an option that we look at,” Trump said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-likely-give-tiktok-90-day-extension-avoid-ban-rcna188258\">an interview\u003c/a> on NBC News’ \u003cem>Meet The Press \u003c/em>with Kristen Welker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But inside TikTok, the short-term focus is on 12:01 a.m. Sunday — when the ban under law officially takes effect. It is set to force Apple and Google to remove TikTok from app stores, as well as require TikTok’s web-hosting companies, including Oracle and Amazon Web Services, to sever ties with the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Failing to comply with the law carries stiff financial penalties: Up to $5,000 per user for companies supporting TikTok, fines that can easily reach into the billions of dollars given the size of the app’s U.S. userbase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Friday, TikTok announced it “will be forced to go dark” on Sunday unless the Biden administration guarantees it will not start issuing fines to firms supporting the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre derided the statement as “a stunt,” saying the Biden administration believes neither TikTok nor other companies backing TikTok need to take any action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have laid out our position clearly and straightforwardly: actions to implement this law will fall to the next administration. So TikTok and other companies should take up any concerns with them,” Jean-Pierre said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for TikTok did not return a request for comment on Saturday. It is unclear if Jean-Pierre’s assurance is enough for TikTok to back off its promise of taking the service dark early Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter how it plays out, Sunday will mark the first time ever the U.S. has had a law banning a social media app domestically. Rights advocates have argued it undermines America’s ability to push against censorship and to advocate for free expression on the global stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uncertainty for TikTok follows Supreme Court decision upholding ban law\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President Biden punting enforcement of the law, which bans TikTok nationwide unless the service divests from its China-based parent company, ByteDance, follows the president \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/24/1246663779/biden-ban-tiktok-us\">signing the law\u003c/a> in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress advanced the law to Biden’s desk with overwhelming bipartisan support, a reflection of how TikTok’s Chinese ownership has made the app a pariah in Washington. Lawmakers fear the Chinese Community Party could use the app to spy on Americans, or push dangerous disinformation — even if concrete evidence of that happening now has never been cited by TikTok’s critics.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12022673,arts_13970457,news_12021209\"]TikTok challenged the law as an infringement of millions of Americans’ free speech rights, but it lost in court. On Friday, a final legal judgement was entered when the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/17/nx-s1-5258396/supreme-court-upholds-tiktok-ban\">Supreme Court upheld the law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law provides the option of the president issuing a one-time 90-day pause, but only if the president can demonstrate that “significant progress” has been made toward a potential sale, or severing of TikTok’s connection to ByteDance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many bidders have stepped forward claiming to be interested in acquiring TikTok, ByteDance’s official position has long been that TikTok is not for sale. But China experts say that could change given the pressure the ban places on ByteDance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Supreme Court arguments, justices asked whether it is even possible to extend a law for 90 days even after the law starts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it tees up a statutory interpretation question,” responded U.S. Solicitor General Elizabeth Prelogar. “I’m not prepared to take a position on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Emma Bowman contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump said Saturday that he will “most likely” give TikTok a 90-day reprieve from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/17/nx-s1-5258396/supreme-court-upholds-tiktok-ban\">a looming ban\u003c/a> once he assumes office on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that would be, certainly, an option that we look at,” Trump said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/trump-likely-give-tiktok-90-day-extension-avoid-ban-rcna188258\">an interview\u003c/a> on NBC News’ \u003cem>Meet The Press \u003c/em>with Kristen Welker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But inside TikTok, the short-term focus is on 12:01 a.m. Sunday — when the ban under law officially takes effect. It is set to force Apple and Google to remove TikTok from app stores, as well as require TikTok’s web-hosting companies, including Oracle and Amazon Web Services, to sever ties with the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Failing to comply with the law carries stiff financial penalties: Up to $5,000 per user for companies supporting TikTok, fines that can easily reach into the billions of dollars given the size of the app’s U.S. userbase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Friday, TikTok announced it “will be forced to go dark” on Sunday unless the Biden administration guarantees it will not start issuing fines to firms supporting the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, White House press secretary Karine Jean-Pierre derided the statement as “a stunt,” saying the Biden administration believes neither TikTok nor other companies backing TikTok need to take any action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have laid out our position clearly and straightforwardly: actions to implement this law will fall to the next administration. So TikTok and other companies should take up any concerns with them,” Jean-Pierre said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for TikTok did not return a request for comment on Saturday. It is unclear if Jean-Pierre’s assurance is enough for TikTok to back off its promise of taking the service dark early Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No matter how it plays out, Sunday will mark the first time ever the U.S. has had a law banning a social media app domestically. Rights advocates have argued it undermines America’s ability to push against censorship and to advocate for free expression on the global stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Uncertainty for TikTok follows Supreme Court decision upholding ban law\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President Biden punting enforcement of the law, which bans TikTok nationwide unless the service divests from its China-based parent company, ByteDance, follows the president \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/24/1246663779/biden-ban-tiktok-us\">signing the law\u003c/a> in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress advanced the law to Biden’s desk with overwhelming bipartisan support, a reflection of how TikTok’s Chinese ownership has made the app a pariah in Washington. Lawmakers fear the Chinese Community Party could use the app to spy on Americans, or push dangerous disinformation — even if concrete evidence of that happening now has never been cited by TikTok’s critics.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>TikTok challenged the law as an infringement of millions of Americans’ free speech rights, but it lost in court. On Friday, a final legal judgement was entered when the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/17/nx-s1-5258396/supreme-court-upholds-tiktok-ban\">Supreme Court upheld the law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law provides the option of the president issuing a one-time 90-day pause, but only if the president can demonstrate that “significant progress” has been made toward a potential sale, or severing of TikTok’s connection to ByteDance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many bidders have stepped forward claiming to be interested in acquiring TikTok, ByteDance’s official position has long been that TikTok is not for sale. But China experts say that could change given the pressure the ban places on ByteDance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Supreme Court arguments, justices asked whether it is even possible to extend a law for 90 days even after the law starts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it tees up a statutory interpretation question,” responded U.S. Solicitor General Elizabeth Prelogar. “I’m not prepared to take a position on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Emma Bowman contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "whats-next-for-kamala-harris-2",
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"content": "\u003cp>Vice President Harris sat at her ceremonial desk Thursday afternoon for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/the-grounds/the-vice-presidents-residence-office/#:~:text=This%20desk%20is%20part%20of,Coolidge%2C%20Hoover%2C%20and%20Eisenhower.\">tradition that started back in the 1940s\u003c/a> — signing the top drawer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her final public event before her political opponent’s inauguration on January 20, Harris pulled out a Sharpie and became the first woman to sign the desk, capping off a historic four years as she broke barriers as the first woman elected to the vice presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aides and former staffers who have worked with her through the years cheered. Harris thanked them for their work, and told them that she’s not done yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will tell you that everyone here has so much to be proud of, and our work is not done,” Harris said. “And as you all know me — because we have spent long hours, long days and months and years together — it is not my nature to go quietly into the night, so don’t worry about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022891\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022891\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signatures of former US Vice Presidents including US Vice President Kamala Harris are seen on the drawer of the desk during a signing ceremony in the Vice President’s Ceremonial Office at the White House on Jan. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Mandel Ngan/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Harris is going back to California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Harris’ term isn’t ending the way she had hoped. Had she won the election in November, Harris would be packing up to move into the West Wing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead, she’s spent the last few weeks packing up and attending to constitutional duties in Washington, like certifying the election on January 6. She announced the tally of Electoral College votes, formally cemented her loss to Donald Trump to cheers from Republicans in Congress, and ensured a peaceful transfer of power — something Trump himself tried to subvert four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do believe very strongly that America’s democracy is only as strong as our willingness to fight for it … otherwise it is very fragile and it will not be willing to withstand moments of crisis. And today, America’s democracy stood,” she said after certifying the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022894\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1073\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46-1536x1030.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vice President Harris certifies the Electoral College vote as Speaker Mike Johnson applauds during a joint session of Congress on Jan. 6, 2025, ratifying the 2024 presidential election. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the time Inauguration Day arrives, boxes of materials from her four years in office will head to the National Archives — and the vice president herself will move to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her home was evacuated last week as a precaution amid the wildfires. Harris is moving to a different location in the city where she’ll remain as she figures out her next steps. Her husband, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/08/20/nx-s1-5010765/doug-emhoff-democratic-national-convention\">second gentleman Doug Emhoff\u003c/a>, will return to work at a still-to-be-announced law firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This VP expert sees 3 options for Harris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Harris is leaving office in a fairly unique position. Her national profile was boosted over the course of her short presidential run last year. She has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/15/politics/cnn-poll-biden-presidency/index.html\">higher approval rating now\u003c/a> than when she launched her campaign, though it is lower than when she first came into office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Goldstein, a law professor at St. Louis University and an expert on the modern vice presidency, said Harris is well-positioned to run for office again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s had experiences as vice president and as a presidential candidate that no Democratic figure under the age of 75 or so has had,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldstein said Harris likely has three options: run for governor of California in 2026, run for president in 2028, or take what he referred to as “Door Number Three:” something else that doesn’t involve running for office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022896\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vice President Harris speaks to her staff, former aides and friends before signing the drawer of her desk in the Vice President’s Ceremonial Office at the White House on Jan. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Mandel Ngan/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>She plans to stay in the public eye\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two Harris aides who spoke to NPR on the condition of anonymity to protect private conversations say she hasn’t made any decisions on her options — one source said there hasn’t been a full-on discussion yet. A second source said they feel running for governor would be “too low” — a step down for Harris after serving as vice president.[aside postID=news_12019149 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/GettyImages-2167179772_qed-1020x680.jpg']But Harris does intend to stay in the public eye, whether that’s in the form of speeches or social media, a third source says. And she’s keeping a small group of advisers with her as she decides how to weigh in over the next few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the sources close to Harris said she will likely have to make a decision by this summer if she does want to run for office again, to begin the work of fundraising and campaigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she leaves office on Monday, it will be the first time in more than 20 years that Harris has not been working as a public servant, which will be a big adjustment for her, those who know Harris say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Lateefah Simon, D-Calif., went to work for Harris back in her first elected position as District Attorney of San Francisco. Now, Simon is a new member of Congress representing Oakland, where her old boss grew up — and she says Harris is nowhere close to retiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited for what she’s going to do,” Simon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way — I’m going to repeat it time and time again — that I think she’s done. Has she told me what she’s going to do? No. But I know this woman, and I know she’s just beginning, really,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "America's first woman vice president said 'it is not my nature to go quietly into the night, so don't worry about that.'",
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"title": "What's Next for Kamala Harris? | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/1015466926/deepa-shivaram\">Deepa Shivaram\u003c/a>, NPR",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vice President Harris sat at her ceremonial desk Thursday afternoon for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/about-the-white-house/the-grounds/the-vice-presidents-residence-office/#:~:text=This%20desk%20is%20part%20of,Coolidge%2C%20Hoover%2C%20and%20Eisenhower.\">tradition that started back in the 1940s\u003c/a> — signing the top drawer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her final public event before her political opponent’s inauguration on January 20, Harris pulled out a Sharpie and became the first woman to sign the desk, capping off a historic four years as she broke barriers as the first woman elected to the vice presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aides and former staffers who have worked with her through the years cheered. Harris thanked them for their work, and told them that she’s not done yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will tell you that everyone here has so much to be proud of, and our work is not done,” Harris said. “And as you all know me — because we have spent long hours, long days and months and years together — it is not my nature to go quietly into the night, so don’t worry about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022891\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022891\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signatures of former US Vice Presidents including US Vice President Kamala Harris are seen on the drawer of the desk during a signing ceremony in the Vice President’s Ceremonial Office at the White House on Jan. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Mandel Ngan/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Harris is going back to California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Harris’ term isn’t ending the way she had hoped. Had she won the election in November, Harris would be packing up to move into the West Wing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But instead, she’s spent the last few weeks packing up and attending to constitutional duties in Washington, like certifying the election on January 6. She announced the tally of Electoral College votes, formally cemented her loss to Donald Trump to cheers from Republicans in Congress, and ensured a peaceful transfer of power — something Trump himself tried to subvert four years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do believe very strongly that America’s democracy is only as strong as our willingness to fight for it … otherwise it is very fragile and it will not be willing to withstand moments of crisis. And today, America’s democracy stood,” she said after certifying the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022894\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022894\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1073\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46-800x537.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-46-1536x1030.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vice President Harris certifies the Electoral College vote as Speaker Mike Johnson applauds during a joint session of Congress on Jan. 6, 2025, ratifying the 2024 presidential election. \u003ccite>(Win McNamee/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By the time Inauguration Day arrives, boxes of materials from her four years in office will head to the National Archives — and the vice president herself will move to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her home was evacuated last week as a precaution amid the wildfires. Harris is moving to a different location in the city where she’ll remain as she figures out her next steps. Her husband, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/08/20/nx-s1-5010765/doug-emhoff-democratic-national-convention\">second gentleman Doug Emhoff\u003c/a>, will return to work at a still-to-be-announced law firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>This VP expert sees 3 options for Harris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Harris is leaving office in a fairly unique position. Her national profile was boosted over the course of her short presidential run last year. She has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/15/politics/cnn-poll-biden-presidency/index.html\">higher approval rating now\u003c/a> than when she launched her campaign, though it is lower than when she first came into office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joel Goldstein, a law professor at St. Louis University and an expert on the modern vice presidency, said Harris is well-positioned to run for office again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s had experiences as vice president and as a presidential candidate that no Democratic figure under the age of 75 or so has had,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldstein said Harris likely has three options: run for governor of California in 2026, run for president in 2028, or take what he referred to as “Door Number Three:” something else that doesn’t involve running for office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022896\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022896\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-47-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vice President Harris speaks to her staff, former aides and friends before signing the drawer of her desk in the Vice President’s Ceremonial Office at the White House on Jan. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Mandel Ngan/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>She plans to stay in the public eye\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two Harris aides who spoke to NPR on the condition of anonymity to protect private conversations say she hasn’t made any decisions on her options — one source said there hasn’t been a full-on discussion yet. A second source said they feel running for governor would be “too low” — a step down for Harris after serving as vice president.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But Harris does intend to stay in the public eye, whether that’s in the form of speeches or social media, a third source says. And she’s keeping a small group of advisers with her as she decides how to weigh in over the next few months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the sources close to Harris said she will likely have to make a decision by this summer if she does want to run for office again, to begin the work of fundraising and campaigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she leaves office on Monday, it will be the first time in more than 20 years that Harris has not been working as a public servant, which will be a big adjustment for her, those who know Harris say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Lateefah Simon, D-Calif., went to work for Harris back in her first elected position as District Attorney of San Francisco. Now, Simon is a new member of Congress representing Oakland, where her old boss grew up — and she says Harris is nowhere close to retiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited for what she’s going to do,” Simon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way — I’m going to repeat it time and time again — that I think she’s done. Has she told me what she’s going to do? No. But I know this woman, and I know she’s just beginning, really,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What to Know About RedNote, the Chinese App That American TikTokkers Are Flooding",
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"content": "\u003cp>With the clock ticking on a potential \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/13/nx-s1-5258151/tiktok-ban-us-impact-prepare-workaround\">TikTok ban in the U.S.\u003c/a>, scores of Americans are flocking to a surprising alternative: a popular Chinese social media platform called Xiaohongshu, or RedNote in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court appears \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/10/nx-s1-5254236/tiktok-supreme-court-what-to-know\">unlikely to block\u003c/a> a law that requires TikTok to either be divested from its China-based parent company, ByteDance or shut down in the U.S. on Jan. 19. The law stems from concerns about the Chinese government \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/26/1247347363/china-tiktok-national-security\">accessing Americans’ data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s got many of the viral video app’s 170 million U.S.-based users preemptively looking for somewhere else to go. And RedNote seems to be the platform of choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The start of this week saw a dramatic uptick in \u003ca href=\"https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=now%207-d&geo=US&q=Xiaohongshu,rednote&hl=en\">Google searches\u003c/a> and social media posts about RedNote, as well as its surge to \u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/us/charts/iphone\">the top spot\u003c/a> of the “free apps” chart on Apple’s app store. The market intelligence firm \u003ca href=\"https://sensortower.com/\">Sensor Tower\u003c/a> told NPR that its data indicates RedNote is also the top-ranked social app on the Google Play store on Wednesday — a big jump from #162, where it stood this time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person close to RedNote \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/over-half-million-tiktok-refugees-flock-chinas-rednote-2025-01-14/\">told Reuters\u003c/a> that more than 700,000 new users joined in just two days. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/business/tiktok-rednote-xiaohongshu-app.html\">\u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a> that more than 100,000 people joined a live group chat hosted by a user named TikTok Refugee Club on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these American newcomers are calling themselves TikTok refugees, a term that’s proliferating across the app in hashtags, comment sections and live chats. And the app’s Chinese users appear to be welcoming them with open arms, asking for cat photos and help with their \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MissGinaDarling/status/1878881110664568935\">English homework\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While RedNote — like all social media apps in China — is subject to government censorship, many users are cheering the opportunity for cross-cultural exchange, especially given the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/26/1195711197/china-us-trade-tensions-commerce-secretary-gina-raimondo\">tense relationship\u003c/a> between the U.S. and Chinese governments and the fact that major platforms like Google and Facebook are blocked in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For so long we really haven’t been able to connect or talk with each other like this, but now we finally can, and it feels so special,” one Chinese user, who identified himself as Abe, said in a \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/TreeTimeBek/status/1878910950348398769\">now-viral post\u003c/a>. “This is such a real chance for us to get to know each other and maybe create something amazing together … You are not just welcome here, I really, really hope you will stay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lifestyle app is China’s take on Instagram, favored by women\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Chinese equivalent of TikTok is the ByteDance-owned platform Douyin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RedNote is a different app altogether. It’s considered China’s answer to Instagram, with a layout similar to Pinterest (displaying multiple posts at the same time) and a focus on travel, makeup, fashion and shopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users can post short videos, engage in live chats, call each other and even \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/chinas-instagram-like-xiaohongshu-making-inroads-with-e-commerce-sales-2024-12-16/\">purchase products\u003c/a> within the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It launched in 2013, originally named “Hong Kong Shopping Guide,” and Reuters reports that it aimed at Chinese tourists looking for local recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, it grew steadily and took on the name Xiaohongshu, which translates to “Little Red Book.” That phrase traditionally refers to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2008/04/24/89759725/chairman-mao-an-unlikely-business-guru\">collection of quotations\u003c/a> from Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RedNote boomed among younger consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic and is now valued at $\u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/2d5f515f-d341-41c8-ace5-16a16cb33e35\">17 billion\u003c/a>. It currently boasts 300 million monthly active users, 79% of whom are women, according to \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2025/01/13/xiaohongshu-rednote-chinas-answer-to-instagram-hits-no-1-on-the-app-store-as-tiktok-faces-us-shutdown/\">TechCrunch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app has caught on quickly among American audiences since last week, according to Sensor Tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It says U.S. mobile downloads of the app increased more than 20 times over the seven-day period beginning Jan. 8, compared to the previous week, and are up more than 30 times compared to the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a fifth of RedNote’s total app downloads so far this month have come from the U.S., the firm says, compared to just 2% during the same period in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>American users navigate language barriers and censorship\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>RedNote’s new American users are confronting the potentially taboo topics of privacy and censorship head-on. Users — from both countries — are \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MorningBrew/status/1879259262389801364\">joking about finally meeting\u003c/a> their “Chinese spies” and willingly handing over data (including the aforementioned “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Kyuu_Gong/status/1879249879874294064\">cat tax\u003c/a>“).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/business/tiktok-rednote-xiaohongshu-app.html\">\u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> reports\u003c/a> that in a group chat this week viewed more than 30,000 times, “participants discussed censorship and shared tips in the comments on how to avoid being banned from the platform for bringing up politically sensitive topics.”[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12021468,forum_2010101908398,news_12021209\"]“Welcome, but do not say anything about LGBTQ+. Thank you!” wrote a user in Beijing, in one example \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/china-news-rednote-app-reacts-us-tiktok-refugees-2014737\">reported by \u003cem>Newsweek\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.advocate.com/news/what-is-rednote-tiktok-alternate#rebelltitem1\">\u003cem>The Advocate \u003c/em>reported\u003c/a> that some American users have had their content removed or accounts suspended, including one woman who was banned for wearing a low-cut top in one video and mentioning “trans plight” in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, the China Digital Times — a California-based nonprofit that covers censorship in China — published a leaked trove of documents showing how the content moderation team at RedNote bans or limits posts about sensitive topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those include some \u003ca href=\"https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2022/07/list-of-derogatory-nicknames-for-xi-leaked-amid-crackdown-on-typos/\">546 derogatory nicknames\u003c/a> for Chinese leader Xi Jinping, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2022/07/how-xiaohongshu-censors-sudden-incidents/\">discussion of events\u003c/a> such as labor strikes, geographic discrimination, student suicides and criticism of the Chinese Communist Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, since most of the app’s content is in Mandarin, subtitles are suddenly rampant — as are posts from Americans who want to learn the language, including by exchanging translations of popular slang phrases with Chinese commenters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duolingo, the language learning app, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/duolingo/status/1879582775055176008\">tweeted on Wednesday\u003c/a> that it has seen a whopping 216% increase in Mandarin learners in the U.S. compared to this time last year — adding that people “learning Mandarin out of spite” are “not alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony that Americans are leaving TikTok for another Chinese-run app \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/14/nx-s1-5259577/in-u-s-tiktok-users-flock-to-another-chinese-app-and-love-the-irony\">has not been lost\u003c/a> on many users, some of whom see the move as an act of defiance against U.S. lawmakers’ efforts to ban it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did the U.S. government forget our founding principles? We are a nation built on spite,” user \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@thesleepydm?lang=en\">@thesleepydm posted\u003c/a> on TikTok, where they have over 200,000 followers. “We’re giving our information directly to the Chinese government now. The communists just have our information directly because of … what you did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "TikTok's 170 million US-based users are preemptively looking for somewhere else to go, and RedNote seems to be the platform of choice.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the clock ticking on a potential \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/13/nx-s1-5258151/tiktok-ban-us-impact-prepare-workaround\">TikTok ban in the U.S.\u003c/a>, scores of Americans are flocking to a surprising alternative: a popular Chinese social media platform called Xiaohongshu, or RedNote in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court appears \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/10/nx-s1-5254236/tiktok-supreme-court-what-to-know\">unlikely to block\u003c/a> a law that requires TikTok to either be divested from its China-based parent company, ByteDance or shut down in the U.S. on Jan. 19. The law stems from concerns about the Chinese government \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/04/26/1247347363/china-tiktok-national-security\">accessing Americans’ data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s got many of the viral video app’s 170 million U.S.-based users preemptively looking for somewhere else to go. And RedNote seems to be the platform of choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The start of this week saw a dramatic uptick in \u003ca href=\"https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=now%207-d&geo=US&q=Xiaohongshu,rednote&hl=en\">Google searches\u003c/a> and social media posts about RedNote, as well as its surge to \u003ca href=\"https://apps.apple.com/us/charts/iphone\">the top spot\u003c/a> of the “free apps” chart on Apple’s app store. The market intelligence firm \u003ca href=\"https://sensortower.com/\">Sensor Tower\u003c/a> told NPR that its data indicates RedNote is also the top-ranked social app on the Google Play store on Wednesday — a big jump from #162, where it stood this time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person close to RedNote \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/over-half-million-tiktok-refugees-flock-chinas-rednote-2025-01-14/\">told Reuters\u003c/a> that more than 700,000 new users joined in just two days. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/business/tiktok-rednote-xiaohongshu-app.html\">\u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a> that more than 100,000 people joined a live group chat hosted by a user named TikTok Refugee Club on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these American newcomers are calling themselves TikTok refugees, a term that’s proliferating across the app in hashtags, comment sections and live chats. And the app’s Chinese users appear to be welcoming them with open arms, asking for cat photos and help with their \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MissGinaDarling/status/1878881110664568935\">English homework\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While RedNote — like all social media apps in China — is subject to government censorship, many users are cheering the opportunity for cross-cultural exchange, especially given the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/26/1195711197/china-us-trade-tensions-commerce-secretary-gina-raimondo\">tense relationship\u003c/a> between the U.S. and Chinese governments and the fact that major platforms like Google and Facebook are blocked in China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For so long we really haven’t been able to connect or talk with each other like this, but now we finally can, and it feels so special,” one Chinese user, who identified himself as Abe, said in a \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/TreeTimeBek/status/1878910950348398769\">now-viral post\u003c/a>. “This is such a real chance for us to get to know each other and maybe create something amazing together … You are not just welcome here, I really, really hope you will stay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lifestyle app is China’s take on Instagram, favored by women\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Chinese equivalent of TikTok is the ByteDance-owned platform Douyin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RedNote is a different app altogether. It’s considered China’s answer to Instagram, with a layout similar to Pinterest (displaying multiple posts at the same time) and a focus on travel, makeup, fashion and shopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users can post short videos, engage in live chats, call each other and even \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/chinas-instagram-like-xiaohongshu-making-inroads-with-e-commerce-sales-2024-12-16/\">purchase products\u003c/a> within the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It launched in 2013, originally named “Hong Kong Shopping Guide,” and Reuters reports that it aimed at Chinese tourists looking for local recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, it grew steadily and took on the name Xiaohongshu, which translates to “Little Red Book.” That phrase traditionally refers to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2008/04/24/89759725/chairman-mao-an-unlikely-business-guru\">collection of quotations\u003c/a> from Chinese Communist leader Mao Zedong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RedNote boomed among younger consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic and is now valued at $\u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/2d5f515f-d341-41c8-ace5-16a16cb33e35\">17 billion\u003c/a>. It currently boasts 300 million monthly active users, 79% of whom are women, according to \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2025/01/13/xiaohongshu-rednote-chinas-answer-to-instagram-hits-no-1-on-the-app-store-as-tiktok-faces-us-shutdown/\">TechCrunch\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app has caught on quickly among American audiences since last week, according to Sensor Tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It says U.S. mobile downloads of the app increased more than 20 times over the seven-day period beginning Jan. 8, compared to the previous week, and are up more than 30 times compared to the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a fifth of RedNote’s total app downloads so far this month have come from the U.S., the firm says, compared to just 2% during the same period in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>American users navigate language barriers and censorship\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>RedNote’s new American users are confronting the potentially taboo topics of privacy and censorship head-on. Users — from both countries — are \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/MorningBrew/status/1879259262389801364\">joking about finally meeting\u003c/a> their “Chinese spies” and willingly handing over data (including the aforementioned “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/Kyuu_Gong/status/1879249879874294064\">cat tax\u003c/a>“).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/14/business/tiktok-rednote-xiaohongshu-app.html\">\u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> reports\u003c/a> that in a group chat this week viewed more than 30,000 times, “participants discussed censorship and shared tips in the comments on how to avoid being banned from the platform for bringing up politically sensitive topics.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Welcome, but do not say anything about LGBTQ+. Thank you!” wrote a user in Beijing, in one example \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/china-news-rednote-app-reacts-us-tiktok-refugees-2014737\">reported by \u003cem>Newsweek\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.advocate.com/news/what-is-rednote-tiktok-alternate#rebelltitem1\">\u003cem>The Advocate \u003c/em>reported\u003c/a> that some American users have had their content removed or accounts suspended, including one woman who was banned for wearing a low-cut top in one video and mentioning “trans plight” in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, the China Digital Times — a California-based nonprofit that covers censorship in China — published a leaked trove of documents showing how the content moderation team at RedNote bans or limits posts about sensitive topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those include some \u003ca href=\"https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2022/07/list-of-derogatory-nicknames-for-xi-leaked-amid-crackdown-on-typos/\">546 derogatory nicknames\u003c/a> for Chinese leader Xi Jinping, as well as \u003ca href=\"https://chinadigitaltimes.net/2022/07/how-xiaohongshu-censors-sudden-incidents/\">discussion of events\u003c/a> such as labor strikes, geographic discrimination, student suicides and criticism of the Chinese Communist Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, since most of the app’s content is in Mandarin, subtitles are suddenly rampant — as are posts from Americans who want to learn the language, including by exchanging translations of popular slang phrases with Chinese commenters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duolingo, the language learning app, \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/duolingo/status/1879582775055176008\">tweeted on Wednesday\u003c/a> that it has seen a whopping 216% increase in Mandarin learners in the U.S. compared to this time last year — adding that people “learning Mandarin out of spite” are “not alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The irony that Americans are leaving TikTok for another Chinese-run app \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/14/nx-s1-5259577/in-u-s-tiktok-users-flock-to-another-chinese-app-and-love-the-irony\">has not been lost\u003c/a> on many users, some of whom see the move as an act of defiance against U.S. lawmakers’ efforts to ban it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did the U.S. government forget our founding principles? We are a nation built on spite,” user \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@thesleepydm?lang=en\">@thesleepydm posted\u003c/a> on TikTok, where they have over 200,000 followers. “We’re giving our information directly to the Chinese government now. The communists just have our information directly because of … what you did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "israel-and-hamas-agree-to-ceasefire-and-hostage-deal",
"title": "Israel and Hamas Agree to Ceasefire and Hostage Deal",
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"headTitle": "Israel and Hamas Agree to Ceasefire and Hostage Deal | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:30 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel and Hamas have reached an agreement on a multiphase ceasefire that commits them to end the war in Gaza, President Biden and Qatar’s prime minister announced separately on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This deal will halt the fighting in Gaza, surge much needed-humanitarian assistance to Palestinian civilians, and reunite the hostages with their families after more than 15 months in captivity,” Biden said. He said it was the same as a proposal he made in May 2024, which was endorsed by the United Nations Security Council.[aside postID=news_12022344 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/CeasefireGazaAP-1020x680.jpg']Neither Israel nor Hamas immediately confirmed the deal, but officials close to the negotiations told NPR that both sides have reached a tentative ceasefire intended to end more than 15 months of the heaviest fighting ever between the two sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said there remained “several unresolved points,” but hoped “the details will be finalized tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal comes after weeks of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/13/g-s1-42463/israel-hamas-gaza-ceasefire-hostage-talks\">intensive rounds of indirect negotiations\u003c/a> in the Qatari capital Doha between Israel and Hamas, mediated by facilitators from the U.S., Egypt and Qatar. In an unusual twist, envoys from both President Biden’s administration and President-elect Donald Trump’s team were also there, pressuring the sides to close a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ceasefire is due to start on Sunday, according to Qatar’s Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani. Several technical details about the agreement remain unclear, and it will require formal ratification by Israel’s cabinet before it can take effect. Israel’s President Isaac Herzog called on “the cabinet and the government of Israel to accept and approve it when presented,” saying, “At great cost in blood, through enormous security, diplomatic, and societal efforts, we have created a moment of opportunity. We must seize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022339\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Relatives and supporters of hostages being held in the Gaza Strip rally outside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office in Jerusalem on Jan. 14. \u003ccite>(Jamal Awad/Xinhua via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Israel’s foreign minister, Gideon Saar, said he was cutting short a trip to Europe to return to Israel for a government meeting on the ceasefire, expected to take place Thursday. The country’s culture and sports minister, Miki Zohar, said in a statement he would vote on the agreement Thursday with his cabinet colleagues. “It is the duty of every government minister to vote in favor of the deal,” Zohar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier on Wednesday, Hamas had issued a statement that described a meeting between one of its senior leaders, Mohammed Darwish, and Ziad al-Nakhalah, the head of another armed faction that operates inside Gaza, the Islamic Jihad group. The statement said the two men’s discussion had involved “stressing the exertion of all efforts to make this round of negotiations a success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres welcomed news of the agreement, saying, “Our priority must be to ease the tremendous suffering caused by this conflict. … I call on all parties to facilitate the rapid, unhindered, and safe humanitarian relief for all civilians in need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HKjZ1d9UE-k\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A deal in three phases\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many obstacles remain, though, with fighting still ongoing. Palestinian officials reported Israeli attacks killed more than 50 people on Wednesday. But if all goes as planned, the deal is expected to take effect within days and play out in three phases over an extended period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first phase, lasting six weeks, Hamas promises to release 33 Israeli hostages in exchange for a far greater number of Palestinian detainees. It’s not clear how many are involved, since the group wants more detainees per each hostage freed alive, but has not said how many are still living. Most, but not all, are believed to be alive, according to Israeli officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total number of Palestinians released from Israeli custody is expected to be around 1,000, according to a Palestinian official who was not authorized to speak to the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel will reduce — but not end — its military presence in Gaza during the first phase. Hamas will not release the final hostages and Israel will not fully withdraw from Gaza until a later phase. The timeframes involved were not immediately clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Trump commented on his social media platform that there was a deal involving hostages. “THEY WILL BE RELEASED SHORTLY,” he wrote on his Truth Social network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a spokesperson for Israeli President Isaac Herzog published a photograph on social media that showed Herzog meeting at his presidential residence in Jerusalem with the head of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Mirjana Spoljaric Egger, in what the spokesperson said was “part of preparations for the hostage deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It’s the first truce since November 2023\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This would be the first formal ceasefire since a one-week truce in November 2023, which included an exchange of about 100 Israeli hostages held in Gaza and 240 Palestinian prisoners released from Israeli prisons. Subsequently, other hostages in Gaza were rescued or found dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The war began on Oct. 7, 2023, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/israel-gaza-war\">Hamas-led militants attacked southern Israel from Gaza\u003c/a>, killing around 1,200 people and taking more than 250 hostages into Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We, the families of 98 hostages, welcome with overwhelming joy and relief the agreement to bring our loved ones home,” a statement by the \u003ca href=\"https://stories.bringthemhomenow.net/\">Hostages and Missing Families Forum\u003c/a> said. “We wish to express our profound gratitude to President-elect Trump, President Biden, both administrations, and the international mediators for making this possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The war has killed more than 46,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza health authorities, who said the majority were women and children. The Israeli military says 405 soldiers have been killed in fighting since it invaded Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel and Hamas have fought a number of wars since the Palestinian militant organization wrested control of the Gaza Strip from the Palestinian Authority in 2007. However none of the previous conflicts have been nearly this long or this deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:30 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel and Hamas have reached an agreement on a multiphase ceasefire that commits them to end the war in Gaza, President Biden and Qatar’s prime minister announced separately on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This deal will halt the fighting in Gaza, surge much needed-humanitarian assistance to Palestinian civilians, and reunite the hostages with their families after more than 15 months in captivity,” Biden said. He said it was the same as a proposal he made in May 2024, which was endorsed by the United Nations Security Council.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Neither Israel nor Hamas immediately confirmed the deal, but officials close to the negotiations told NPR that both sides have reached a tentative ceasefire intended to end more than 15 months of the heaviest fighting ever between the two sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said there remained “several unresolved points,” but hoped “the details will be finalized tonight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal comes after weeks of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/13/g-s1-42463/israel-hamas-gaza-ceasefire-hostage-talks\">intensive rounds of indirect negotiations\u003c/a> in the Qatari capital Doha between Israel and Hamas, mediated by facilitators from the U.S., Egypt and Qatar. In an unusual twist, envoys from both President Biden’s administration and President-elect Donald Trump’s team were also there, pressuring the sides to close a deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ceasefire is due to start on Sunday, according to Qatar’s Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al Thani. Several technical details about the agreement remain unclear, and it will require formal ratification by Israel’s cabinet before it can take effect. Israel’s President Isaac Herzog called on “the cabinet and the government of Israel to accept and approve it when presented,” saying, “At great cost in blood, through enormous security, diplomatic, and societal efforts, we have created a moment of opportunity. We must seize it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022339\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-5-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Relatives and supporters of hostages being held in the Gaza Strip rally outside Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office in Jerusalem on Jan. 14. \u003ccite>(Jamal Awad/Xinhua via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Israel’s foreign minister, Gideon Saar, said he was cutting short a trip to Europe to return to Israel for a government meeting on the ceasefire, expected to take place Thursday. The country’s culture and sports minister, Miki Zohar, said in a statement he would vote on the agreement Thursday with his cabinet colleagues. “It is the duty of every government minister to vote in favor of the deal,” Zohar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier on Wednesday, Hamas had issued a statement that described a meeting between one of its senior leaders, Mohammed Darwish, and Ziad al-Nakhalah, the head of another armed faction that operates inside Gaza, the Islamic Jihad group. The statement said the two men’s discussion had involved “stressing the exertion of all efforts to make this round of negotiations a success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres welcomed news of the agreement, saying, “Our priority must be to ease the tremendous suffering caused by this conflict. … I call on all parties to facilitate the rapid, unhindered, and safe humanitarian relief for all civilians in need.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HKjZ1d9UE-k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HKjZ1d9UE-k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>A deal in three phases\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many obstacles remain, though, with fighting still ongoing. Palestinian officials reported Israeli attacks killed more than 50 people on Wednesday. But if all goes as planned, the deal is expected to take effect within days and play out in three phases over an extended period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first phase, lasting six weeks, Hamas promises to release 33 Israeli hostages in exchange for a far greater number of Palestinian detainees. It’s not clear how many are involved, since the group wants more detainees per each hostage freed alive, but has not said how many are still living. Most, but not all, are believed to be alive, according to Israeli officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total number of Palestinians released from Israeli custody is expected to be around 1,000, according to a Palestinian official who was not authorized to speak to the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel will reduce — but not end — its military presence in Gaza during the first phase. Hamas will not release the final hostages and Israel will not fully withdraw from Gaza until a later phase. The timeframes involved were not immediately clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President-elect Trump commented on his social media platform that there was a deal involving hostages. “THEY WILL BE RELEASED SHORTLY,” he wrote on his Truth Social network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a spokesperson for Israeli President Isaac Herzog published a photograph on social media that showed Herzog meeting at his presidential residence in Jerusalem with the head of the International Committee of the Red Cross, Mirjana Spoljaric Egger, in what the spokesperson said was “part of preparations for the hostage deal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>It’s the first truce since November 2023\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This would be the first formal ceasefire since a one-week truce in November 2023, which included an exchange of about 100 Israeli hostages held in Gaza and 240 Palestinian prisoners released from Israeli prisons. Subsequently, other hostages in Gaza were rescued or found dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The war began on Oct. 7, 2023, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/israel-gaza-war\">Hamas-led militants attacked southern Israel from Gaza\u003c/a>, killing around 1,200 people and taking more than 250 hostages into Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We, the families of 98 hostages, welcome with overwhelming joy and relief the agreement to bring our loved ones home,” a statement by the \u003ca href=\"https://stories.bringthemhomenow.net/\">Hostages and Missing Families Forum\u003c/a> said. “We wish to express our profound gratitude to President-elect Trump, President Biden, both administrations, and the international mediators for making this possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The war has killed more than 46,000 Palestinians, according to Gaza health authorities, who said the majority were women and children. The Israeli military says 405 soldiers have been killed in fighting since it invaded Gaza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Israel and Hamas have fought a number of wars since the Palestinian militant organization wrested control of the Gaza Strip from the Palestinian Authority in 2007. However none of the previous conflicts have been nearly this long or this deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "LA Fires Are Still Raging but Calmer Winds Are Forecast in the Coming Days",
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"headTitle": "LA Fires Are Still Raging but Calmer Winds Are Forecast in the Coming Days | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:45 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another day of fierce winds gusting to 65 mph in mountainous areas of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties in Southern California was expected on Wednesday, but weather more conducive to firefighting operations is expected soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service (NWS) \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/showsigwx.php?warnzone=CAZ353&warncounty=CAC083&firewxzone=CAZ353&local_place1=18%20Miles%20W%20Cuyama%20CA&product1=Red+Flag+Warning&lat=34.9106&lon=-119.9623\">issued\u003c/a> another red flag warning for the area until 3 p.m. PST, cautioning of more of the windy and dry conditions that have fed raging fires for more than a week. The strong Santa Ana winds have helped push the deadly blazes through the Los Angeles suburbs, killing at least 25 people and leveling expensive real estate in Pacific Palisades and Altadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, the fires have engulfed more than 40,000 acres (more than 62 square miles), according to Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The good news is that for the last two days we’ve had no increase in acreage at the Eaton Fire and it remains estimated at 14,117 acres with 35% containment,” Los Angeles County Fire Chief Anthony Marrone said of one of the largest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=c7285ba9ce524bbba6c689e96d013112\" width=\"1200\" height=\"650\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 14px\">(Map by Matthew Green/KQED)\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This map is updated regularly throughout the day. Wildfire locations and perimeters are sourced from \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> and updated multiple times per day. Click on each fire icon for more incident-specific detail. Evacuation zones and wind conditions can viewed by clicking the layers button (top left). If map is not loading correctly on your device, try \u003ca href=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=c7285ba9ce524bbba6c689e96d013112\">viewing it here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Palisades fire, which spans more than 23,000 acres, is just 19% contained, according to Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, meteorologists initially called for particularly strong winds that turned out to be lighter that expected, according to NPR member station \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/extreme-fire-weather-palisades-eaton\">LAist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a reprieve in the high winds was expected from Thursday into Saturday. NWS meteorologist Ryan Kittell noted that the service is worried about “one last [wind] enhancement” through Wednesday and that peak winds would be highest in Ventura County.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12021954,news_12021019,news_12021125\"]Speaking at a news conference on Wednesday, Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass had difficulty describing the devastation that has befallen her city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The massive, massive destruction. Is unimaginable until you actually see it,” Bass said. Even so, she said, it was time “to begin to think about how we rebuild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the fires broke out last week, responders from across the U.S., Canada and Mexico have come to the aid of Southern California. “Yesterday, I also had the opportunity to meet with our international partners from Mexico to express our heartfelt gratitude for their assistance. The outpouring of support from both near and far, I tell you, is absolutely remarkable,” LA Fire Chief Kristin Crowley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 25 dead, 17 were killed in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2025/1/7/eaton-fire\">Eaton Fire\u003c/a> and eight in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2025/1/7/palisades-fire\">Palisades Fire\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/eaton-palisades-fires-death-toll\">LAist says\u003c/a>. Officials said of the 13 still listed as missing, two bodies had been recovered but not yet positively identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 55,000 customers were \u003ca href=\"https://poweroutage.us/area/state/california\">without power on Wednesday\u003c/a> in Los Angeles and Ventura counties, according to PowerOutage.us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to help and stay safe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Resources to help stay safe:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/authorities-ask-residents-to-evacuate-when-ordered-warned\">\u003cstrong>With fire danger still high, authorities implore you to follow evacuation orders.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/dos-donts-after-wildfire\">\u003cstrong>What to do — and not do — when you get home after a fire evacuation.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/10/nx-s1-5256230/smoke-home-air-purifier-box-fan\"> \u003cstrong>Is smoke in your home? Here’s how to make an air purifier from a box fan.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/g-s1-24534/wildfire-app-watch-duty-firefighting\">\u003cstrong>Trying to stay safe in a wildfire? There’s an app that can help.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ways to support the response and recovery:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/how-to-help-la-fire-victims\">\u003cstrong>Want to help fire victims? Here’s what experts say does the most good and places seeking volunteers.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/kcrw-features/wildfire-help-donate-volunteer\">\u003cstrong>Wildfire donations and volunteering: How and where to help.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/cheat-sheet-what-to-do-if-you-need-to-make-a-fire-insurance-claim\">\u003cstrong>Share: These are the steps fire victims need to take to make an insurance claim.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Newsroom is following the extreme weather from across the region. Click through to \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>LAist’s coverage\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for the latest.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "LA Fires Are Still Raging but Calmer Winds Are Forecast in the Coming Days",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 1:45 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another day of fierce winds gusting to 65 mph in mountainous areas of Los Angeles and Ventura Counties in Southern California was expected on Wednesday, but weather more conducive to firefighting operations is expected soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service (NWS) \u003ca href=\"https://forecast.weather.gov/showsigwx.php?warnzone=CAZ353&warncounty=CAC083&firewxzone=CAZ353&local_place1=18%20Miles%20W%20Cuyama%20CA&product1=Red+Flag+Warning&lat=34.9106&lon=-119.9623\">issued\u003c/a> another red flag warning for the area until 3 p.m. PST, cautioning of more of the windy and dry conditions that have fed raging fires for more than a week. The strong Santa Ana winds have helped push the deadly blazes through the Los Angeles suburbs, killing at least 25 people and leveling expensive real estate in Pacific Palisades and Altadena.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All told, the fires have engulfed more than 40,000 acres (more than 62 square miles), according to Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The good news is that for the last two days we’ve had no increase in acreage at the Eaton Fire and it remains estimated at 14,117 acres with 35% containment,” Los Angeles County Fire Chief Anthony Marrone said of one of the largest fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=c7285ba9ce524bbba6c689e96d013112\" width=\"1200\" height=\"650\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 14px\">(Map by Matthew Green/KQED)\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>This map is updated regularly throughout the day. Wildfire locations and perimeters are sourced from \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/\">Cal Fire\u003c/a> and updated multiple times per day. Click on each fire icon for more incident-specific detail. Evacuation zones and wind conditions can viewed by clicking the layers button (top left). If map is not loading correctly on your device, try \u003ca href=\"https://kqedsf.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=c7285ba9ce524bbba6c689e96d013112\">viewing it here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Palisades fire, which spans more than 23,000 acres, is just 19% contained, according to Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, meteorologists initially called for particularly strong winds that turned out to be lighter that expected, according to NPR member station \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/extreme-fire-weather-palisades-eaton\">LAist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a reprieve in the high winds was expected from Thursday into Saturday. NWS meteorologist Ryan Kittell noted that the service is worried about “one last [wind] enhancement” through Wednesday and that peak winds would be highest in Ventura County.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Speaking at a news conference on Wednesday, Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass had difficulty describing the devastation that has befallen her city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The massive, massive destruction. Is unimaginable until you actually see it,” Bass said. Even so, she said, it was time “to begin to think about how we rebuild.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the fires broke out last week, responders from across the U.S., Canada and Mexico have come to the aid of Southern California. “Yesterday, I also had the opportunity to meet with our international partners from Mexico to express our heartfelt gratitude for their assistance. The outpouring of support from both near and far, I tell you, is absolutely remarkable,” LA Fire Chief Kristin Crowley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of the 25 dead, 17 were killed in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2025/1/7/eaton-fire\">Eaton Fire\u003c/a> and eight in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2025/1/7/palisades-fire\">Palisades Fire\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/eaton-palisades-fires-death-toll\">LAist says\u003c/a>. Officials said of the 13 still listed as missing, two bodies had been recovered but not yet positively identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 55,000 customers were \u003ca href=\"https://poweroutage.us/area/state/california\">without power on Wednesday\u003c/a> in Los Angeles and Ventura counties, according to PowerOutage.us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How to help and stay safe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Resources to help stay safe:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/authorities-ask-residents-to-evacuate-when-ordered-warned\">\u003cstrong>With fire danger still high, authorities implore you to follow evacuation orders.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/dos-donts-after-wildfire\">\u003cstrong>What to do — and not do — when you get home after a fire evacuation.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/10/nx-s1-5256230/smoke-home-air-purifier-box-fan\"> \u003cstrong>Is smoke in your home? Here’s how to make an air purifier from a box fan.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/g-s1-24534/wildfire-app-watch-duty-firefighting\">\u003cstrong>Trying to stay safe in a wildfire? There’s an app that can help.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ways to support the response and recovery:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/how-to-help-la-fire-victims\">\u003cstrong>Want to help fire victims? Here’s what experts say does the most good and places seeking volunteers.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/kcrw-features/wildfire-help-donate-volunteer\">\u003cstrong>Wildfire donations and volunteering: How and where to help.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/cheat-sheet-what-to-do-if-you-need-to-make-a-fire-insurance-claim\">\u003cstrong>Share: These are the steps fire victims need to take to make an insurance claim.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Newsroom is following the extreme weather from across the region. Click through to \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>LAist’s coverage\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for the latest.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "NPR Shopped for 96 Items at Walmart to Track How Prices Are Really Changing",
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"content": "\u003cp>LIBERTY COUNTY, Georgia — Ask almost any shopper outside this sprawling Walmart southeast of Savannah, and they’ll tell you about rising prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The meat is going up. Milk, eggs, everything is going up,” says Cicely Gardner, rolling a cart with some doughnuts in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wait. The rate of inflation has cooled for two years, and not everything is going up in price. So why does paying at checkout still cause such heartburn? What gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR set off to answer that question at the most popular retailer in the United States. For six years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/755496161/npr-shopping-cart\">we have tracked\u003c/a> the prices of dozens of items at this very Walmart superstore. And here’s what we learned on our latest visit, in December. \u003cem>(Or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/14/nx-s1-5241014/walmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024/#resnx-s1-5241014-105\">\u003cem>skip the analysis\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to see the full details of NPR’s shopping cart.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On average, prices ticked up 0.7% last year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NPR’s list includes 96 items from virtually every Walmart aisle: chips and veggies, shampoo and T-shirts, dog food and paper towels. To account for changes in package sizes, we focus on the price per unit, typically per ounce, whether it’s toothpaste in a tube or soup in a can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of 2024, the tracked prices on average increased just 0.7%\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>— far less than overall annual inflation, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm\">2.7% in November\u003c/a>. (December’s inflation data will be released on Wednesday.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because exactly half of our tracked prices stayed the same from December 2023 to December 2024 — a notable relief after the COVID-19 pandemic, when most prices jumped year to year because of turmoil in supply chains and labor markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/walmart-shopping-cart-20241212/?initialWidth=910&childId=responsive-embed-walmart-shopping-cart-20241212&parentTitle=NPR%20shopped%20at%20Walmart%20to%20track%20how%20inflation%20is%20changing%20prices%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fnx-s1-5241014%2Fwalmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-one items in NPR’s shopping cart actually got cheaper during the year, including garlic, bananas and salmon. Another 27 products got more expensive, including eggs, ground beef and laundry detergent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/datawrapper/uDESu/33/?initialWidth=910&childId=responsive-embed-uDESu&parentTitle=NPR%20shopped%20at%20Walmart%20to%20track%20how%20inflation%20is%20changing%20prices%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fnx-s1-5241014%2Fwalmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024\" width=\"800\" height=\"1150\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The 5-year view is much more painful\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Items in NPR’s shopping cart are much pricier since mid-2019, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/16/753712449/npr-shopping-cart-economics-how-prices-changed-at-a-walmart-in-1-year\">our last check\u003c/a> before the pandemic. On average, those tracked prices have increased around 25%. And that’s not far from federal inflation data: Cumulatively, U.S. prices are up 23% since 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a 4-pound bag of Domino sugar now costs $4.46. That’s 74% more compared with NPR’s visit to Walmart in 2019. A dozen eggs cost $4.90, or 83% more than they cost five years ago. Tide liquid laundry detergent now comes in a smaller container — 84 ounces instead of 100 ounces — but costs $1 more, in a classic case of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/08/1236921674/biden-state-of-the-union-shrinkflation-prices\">shrinkflation\u003c/a>. Regular family grocery runs add up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/walmart-shopping-cart-20241212/index2019.html?initialWidth=910&childId=responsive-embed-walmart-shopping-cart-20241212-index2019&parentTitle=NPR%20shopped%20at%20Walmart%20to%20track%20how%20inflation%20is%20changing%20prices%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fnx-s1-5241014%2Fwalmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2019, NPR’s visit to this suburban Walmart, near a large Army base, focused on the impact of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/16/753712449/npr-shopping-cart-economics-how-prices-changed-at-a-walmart-in-1-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">then-President Donald Trump’s trade war with China\u003c/a>. Our shopping cart was smaller, filled with many products either imported or made with imported parts. Only a few of those items have now gotten cheaper, including frozen shrimp, swai fish and — most dramatically — screwdrivers. (Walmart has switched brands, and the price is now 60% lower than it was.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">2019 prices will stay in the past\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Big price increases are rarely followed by equally big price decreases, historically. That’s because seismic shifts in the global economy cannot simply be undone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it still costs more than it did in 2019 to ship things across the world. It costs more to fertilize soil where our food grows, because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/10/1093066817/ukraine-war-gas-prices-refugees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Russia is one of the biggest exporters\u003c/a> of fertilizer. Prices have grown for paper and corrugated cardboard used in packaging. President Biden has largely kept Trump’s tariffs on Chinese imports, which means U.S. companies are paying higher import fees — and passing some of that cost on to shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stores, factories, farms and warehouses are paying more for utilities and insurance. Gas prices affect the cost of trucking. American wages, on average, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/10/nx-s1-5254674/jobs-labor-market-unemployment-trump-biden\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outpaced inflation\u003c/a> for more than a year and a half, with some wage increases affecting the cost of making, packing, selling and delivering our purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some items — like eggs, beef, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/12/1230120289/valentines-day-chocolate-cocoa-prices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chocolate\u003c/a> and coffee — have faced specific troubles. Cases of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/140039925/avian-flu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">avian flu have continued\u003c/a> in chickens and cows. Dairy and cattle farmers also point to droughts increasing the cost of feed. Extreme weather has damaged harvests of coffee and cocoa, leading to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/17/nx-s1-5228008/coffee-prices-brazil-drought-weather\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">record wholesale prices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Here’s what Walmart and manufacturers had to say\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NPR asked the companies that make the items in our shopping cart to explain their price increases. Some didn’t respond, including PepsiCo’s Frito-Lay, Eggland’s Best and Unilever, which makes Dove, Degree and Vaseline. And from those that did reply, we heard a common refrain: It simply costs more to make stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maker of Domino sugar, ASR Group, sent a detailed list of price increases it has faced since the start of the pandemic: general freight trucking costs up 19%, deep-sea shipping up 45%, rail-freight shipping 17%, wages 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Mills, whose Yoplait yogurt cup is 17 cents (or 28%) pricier than it was in mid-2019, said \u003ca href=\"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU0000709112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dairy inflation is worse\u003c/a> than general inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 16-ounce jar of Jif peanut butter is 90 cents (or 41%) more than it was in mid-2019; its maker, J.M. Smucker, said shelled peanut prices rose about 44%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welch’s, whose grape jelly went up almost 68% since mid-2019, said many farmers in its cooperative went into the pandemic already financially struggling, prompting the company to “increase returns to growers” to sustain those family farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many brands also said Walmart is the final arbiter of prices on its shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart does have the power to sell some popular items at break-even prices or even below cost, making up for the lost profits by charging a bit more for other products. But overall, supermarket prices are a complex amalgam of both the expenses and markups of manufacturers, wholesalers and the retailer as they respond to a myriad of factors, including harvests, seasons and shoppers’ loyalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart, as the largest U.S. retailer, tends to extract lowest-priced deals from suppliers. In November, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2024/11/19/walmart-wmt-q3-2025-earnings-call-transcript/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Walmart’s CEO said\u003c/a> the chain had lowered prices on 6,000 items, half of which were groceries. Walmart’s scale also enables it to keep prices as stable as possible, which was a key reason NPR chose the chain for this project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are committed to providing an Every Day Low Price experience both in stores and online,” a Walmart representative said in a written statement to NPR, “with the goal of having the lowest price on a basket of goods over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/datawrapper/3FGqu/41/?initialWidth=910&childId=responsive-embed-3FGqu&parentTitle=NPR%20shopped%20at%20Walmart%20to%20track%20how%20inflation%20is%20changing%20prices%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fnx-s1-5241014%2Fwalmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024\" width=\"800\" height=\"1300\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Research and analysis by Alina Selyukh/NPR. Graphics by Juweek Adolphe/NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LIBERTY COUNTY, Georgia — Ask almost any shopper outside this sprawling Walmart southeast of Savannah, and they’ll tell you about rising prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The meat is going up. Milk, eggs, everything is going up,” says Cicely Gardner, rolling a cart with some doughnuts in the parking lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wait. The rate of inflation has cooled for two years, and not everything is going up in price. So why does paying at checkout still cause such heartburn? What gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR set off to answer that question at the most popular retailer in the United States. For six years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/755496161/npr-shopping-cart\">we have tracked\u003c/a> the prices of dozens of items at this very Walmart superstore. And here’s what we learned on our latest visit, in December. \u003cem>(Or \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/14/nx-s1-5241014/walmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024/#resnx-s1-5241014-105\">\u003cem>skip the analysis\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> to see the full details of NPR’s shopping cart.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>On average, prices ticked up 0.7% last year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NPR’s list includes 96 items from virtually every Walmart aisle: chips and veggies, shampoo and T-shirts, dog food and paper towels. To account for changes in package sizes, we focus on the price per unit, typically per ounce, whether it’s toothpaste in a tube or soup in a can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of 2024, the tracked prices on average increased just 0.7%\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>— far less than overall annual inflation, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.bls.gov/news.release/cpi.nr0.htm\">2.7% in November\u003c/a>. (December’s inflation data will be released on Wednesday.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because exactly half of our tracked prices stayed the same from December 2023 to December 2024 — a notable relief after the COVID-19 pandemic, when most prices jumped year to year because of turmoil in supply chains and labor markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/walmart-shopping-cart-20241212/?initialWidth=910&childId=responsive-embed-walmart-shopping-cart-20241212&parentTitle=NPR%20shopped%20at%20Walmart%20to%20track%20how%20inflation%20is%20changing%20prices%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fnx-s1-5241014%2Fwalmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-one items in NPR’s shopping cart actually got cheaper during the year, including garlic, bananas and salmon. Another 27 products got more expensive, including eggs, ground beef and laundry detergent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/datawrapper/uDESu/33/?initialWidth=910&childId=responsive-embed-uDESu&parentTitle=NPR%20shopped%20at%20Walmart%20to%20track%20how%20inflation%20is%20changing%20prices%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fnx-s1-5241014%2Fwalmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024\" width=\"800\" height=\"1150\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The 5-year view is much more painful\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Items in NPR’s shopping cart are much pricier since mid-2019, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/16/753712449/npr-shopping-cart-economics-how-prices-changed-at-a-walmart-in-1-year\">our last check\u003c/a> before the pandemic. On average, those tracked prices have increased around 25%. And that’s not far from federal inflation data: Cumulatively, U.S. prices are up 23% since 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a 4-pound bag of Domino sugar now costs $4.46. That’s 74% more compared with NPR’s visit to Walmart in 2019. A dozen eggs cost $4.90, or 83% more than they cost five years ago. Tide liquid laundry detergent now comes in a smaller container — 84 ounces instead of 100 ounces — but costs $1 more, in a classic case of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/03/08/1236921674/biden-state-of-the-union-shrinkflation-prices\">shrinkflation\u003c/a>. Regular family grocery runs add up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/walmart-shopping-cart-20241212/index2019.html?initialWidth=910&childId=responsive-embed-walmart-shopping-cart-20241212-index2019&parentTitle=NPR%20shopped%20at%20Walmart%20to%20track%20how%20inflation%20is%20changing%20prices%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fnx-s1-5241014%2Fwalmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2019, NPR’s visit to this suburban Walmart, near a large Army base, focused on the impact of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/09/16/753712449/npr-shopping-cart-economics-how-prices-changed-at-a-walmart-in-1-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">then-President Donald Trump’s trade war with China\u003c/a>. Our shopping cart was smaller, filled with many products either imported or made with imported parts. Only a few of those items have now gotten cheaper, including frozen shrimp, swai fish and — most dramatically — screwdrivers. (Walmart has switched brands, and the price is now 60% lower than it was.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">2019 prices will stay in the past\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Big price increases are rarely followed by equally big price decreases, historically. That’s because seismic shifts in the global economy cannot simply be undone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it still costs more than it did in 2019 to ship things across the world. It costs more to fertilize soil where our food grows, because \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/10/1093066817/ukraine-war-gas-prices-refugees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Russia is one of the biggest exporters\u003c/a> of fertilizer. Prices have grown for paper and corrugated cardboard used in packaging. President Biden has largely kept Trump’s tariffs on Chinese imports, which means U.S. companies are paying higher import fees — and passing some of that cost on to shoppers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stores, factories, farms and warehouses are paying more for utilities and insurance. Gas prices affect the cost of trucking. American wages, on average, have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/10/nx-s1-5254674/jobs-labor-market-unemployment-trump-biden\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">outpaced inflation\u003c/a> for more than a year and a half, with some wage increases affecting the cost of making, packing, selling and delivering our purchases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some items — like eggs, beef, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/02/12/1230120289/valentines-day-chocolate-cocoa-prices\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chocolate\u003c/a> and coffee — have faced specific troubles. Cases of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/140039925/avian-flu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">avian flu have continued\u003c/a> in chickens and cows. Dairy and cattle farmers also point to droughts increasing the cost of feed. Extreme weather has damaged harvests of coffee and cocoa, leading to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/17/nx-s1-5228008/coffee-prices-brazil-drought-weather\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">record wholesale prices\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Here’s what Walmart and manufacturers had to say\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NPR asked the companies that make the items in our shopping cart to explain their price increases. Some didn’t respond, including PepsiCo’s Frito-Lay, Eggland’s Best and Unilever, which makes Dove, Degree and Vaseline. And from those that did reply, we heard a common refrain: It simply costs more to make stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The maker of Domino sugar, ASR Group, sent a detailed list of price increases it has faced since the start of the pandemic: general freight trucking costs up 19%, deep-sea shipping up 45%, rail-freight shipping 17%, wages 15%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Mills, whose Yoplait yogurt cup is 17 cents (or 28%) pricier than it was in mid-2019, said \u003ca href=\"https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/APU0000709112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dairy inflation is worse\u003c/a> than general inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 16-ounce jar of Jif peanut butter is 90 cents (or 41%) more than it was in mid-2019; its maker, J.M. Smucker, said shelled peanut prices rose about 44%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welch’s, whose grape jelly went up almost 68% since mid-2019, said many farmers in its cooperative went into the pandemic already financially struggling, prompting the company to “increase returns to growers” to sustain those family farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many brands also said Walmart is the final arbiter of prices on its shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart does have the power to sell some popular items at break-even prices or even below cost, making up for the lost profits by charging a bit more for other products. But overall, supermarket prices are a complex amalgam of both the expenses and markups of manufacturers, wholesalers and the retailer as they respond to a myriad of factors, including harvests, seasons and shoppers’ loyalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walmart, as the largest U.S. retailer, tends to extract lowest-priced deals from suppliers. In November, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fool.com/earnings/call-transcripts/2024/11/19/walmart-wmt-q3-2025-earnings-call-transcript/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Walmart’s CEO said\u003c/a> the chain had lowered prices on 6,000 items, half of which were groceries. Walmart’s scale also enables it to keep prices as stable as possible, which was a key reason NPR chose the chain for this project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are committed to providing an Every Day Low Price experience both in stores and online,” a Walmart representative said in a written statement to NPR, “with the goal of having the lowest price on a basket of goods over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://apps.npr.org/datawrapper/3FGqu/41/?initialWidth=910&childId=responsive-embed-3FGqu&parentTitle=NPR%20shopped%20at%20Walmart%20to%20track%20how%20inflation%20is%20changing%20prices%20%3A%20NPR&parentUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2025%2F01%2F14%2Fnx-s1-5241014%2Fwalmart-prices-npr-shopping-cart-2024\" width=\"800\" height=\"1300\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Research and analysis by Alina Selyukh/NPR. Graphics by Juweek Adolphe/NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'Particularly Dangerous Situation' Red Flag Warning and Other Wildfire Terms Explained",
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"headTitle": "‘Particularly Dangerous Situation’ Red Flag Warning and Other Wildfire Terms Explained | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A “particularly dangerous situation red flag warning” has been issued for parts of Southern California, as more extreme winds are expected to impact the region and deadly fires continue to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rare, National Weather Service-issued PDS warning is for “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/nwslosangeles/status/1879099654337667553?s=12&t=zqhVQvPMIcoxuuo4LPBNMw\">extremely rare and dangerous fire weather conditions\u003c/a> that have previously led to large and dangerous deadly wildfires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In effect for parts of Los Angeles and Ventura counties through noon Wednesday, the PDS red flag warning signals that “this setup is about as bad as it gets,” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/nwslosangeles/status/1878882840492044401?s=12&t=zqhVQvPMIcoxuuo4LPBNMw\">the NWS says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as member station LAist reports, the PDS red flag warning has already been issued \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/cheat-sheet-what-is-a-pds-weather-fire-talk\">a few other times in recent months\u003c/a> — an indication of the extreme weather Southern California is facing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “particularly dangerous situation” term was first used in the 1980s as guidance for tornado watches, says Marc Chenard, a meteorologist at the NWS Weather Prediction Center. Since then, it’s been used for other hazards, such as flash flood watches, to “signal more extreme events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the ongoing fires in Southern California, a PDS red flag warning means that “the risk of damage and loss of life is high,” Chenard tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A regular warning already indicates a significant hazard, Chenard says. “But when you see the PDS term attached to it, it’s even a level beyond that. So, now the threat to life and property is even more extreme.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple fires have been burning across Los Angeles and Ventura counties since last week, fueled in part by extremely dry conditions, gusty winds and low humidity. The Eaton, Palisades and Hurst fires have scorched more than 38,000 acres and destroyed more than 12,000 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few more terms related to the wildfires to understand:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022125\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter drags a hose during the Palisades Fire on Jan. 8, 2025, in Malibu, Los Angeles County. \u003ccite>(Eric Thayer/Getty Images North America)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Red flag warning:\u003c/strong> A \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mqt/redflagtips\">red flag warning\u003c/a> means there are conditions for an increased risk of fire: a combination of very low humidity, warm temperatures and strong winds. More on \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/what-is-a-red-flag-warning-fire-nws\">red flag warnings\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/cheat-sheet-what-is-a-pds-weather-fire-talk\">PDS warnings\u003c/a> from LAist.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Santa Ana winds:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/08/nx-s1-5252535/palisades-fire-california-los-angeles-santa-ana-winds\">Winds with powerful gusts\u003c/a> that sometimes exceed hurricane-force winds. They are caused by high pressure over the desert Southwest and push through the mountain passages in Southern California toward an area of lower pressure off the Pacific coast. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/08/nx-s1-5252535/palisades-fire-california-los-angeles-santa-ana-winds\">More on the Santa Ana winds\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Evacuation Warning:\u003c/strong> There is “impending danger” to life or property, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://news.caloes.ca.gov/know-the-difference-what-evacuation-warnings-and-orders-mean/\">California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services\u003c/a>. A person should also expect an order to evacuate will follow shortly after.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Evacuation Order:\u003c/strong> The office also says there is an “immediate threat” to one’s life and people within an evacuation zone should leave immediately. \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/evacuation-orders-warnings-what-they-mean-emergency-wildfire-earthquake\">More on evacuation warnings and orders from LAist\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Containment:\u003c/strong> Several factors determine how much of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/21/572305828/what-does-containing-a-fire-really-mean\">fire has been contained\u003c/a>. Rather than describing how much of a fire has been put out, it refers to how much of a perimeter firefighters have created around a fire to prevent it from spreading. \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/what-is-fire-containment\">More on containment from LAist\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Prescribed burns:\u003c/strong> Also called prescribed fires, they are controlled fires used as a tool in firefighting to help prevent forest fires from burning out of control, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/managing-land/prescribed-fire#:~:text=Prescribed%20fires%2C%20also%20known%20as,ecosystems%20that%20depend%20on%20fire.\">U.S. Forest Service\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12021125/la-fires-renew-debate-over-prescribed-burns-and-fire-preparedness-in-california\">More on the debate over prescribed burns from member station KQED\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>How to help and stay safe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Resources to help stay safe:\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/authorities-ask-residents-to-evacuate-when-ordered-warned\">\u003cstrong>With fire danger still high, authorities implore you to follow evacuation orders.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/dos-donts-after-wildfire\">\u003cstrong>What to do — and not do — when you get home after a fire evacuation.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/10/nx-s1-5256230/smoke-home-air-purifier-box-fan\"> \u003cstrong>Is smoke in your home? Here’s how to make an air purifier from a box fan.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/g-s1-24534/wildfire-app-watch-duty-firefighting\">\u003cstrong>Trying to stay safe in a wildfire? There’s an app that can help.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ways to support the response and recovery:\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/how-to-help-la-fire-victims\">\u003cstrong>Want to help fire victims? Here’s what experts say does the most good and places seeking volunteers.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/kcrw-features/wildfire-help-donate-volunteer\">\u003cstrong>Wildfire donations and volunteering: How and where to help.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/cheat-sheet-what-to-do-if-you-need-to-make-a-fire-insurance-claim\">\u003cstrong>Share: These are the steps fire victims need to take to make an insurance claim.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Newsroom is following the extreme weather from across the region. Click through to \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/\">\u003cem>LAist’s coverage\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for the latest.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The rare, National Weather Service-issued PDS warning is for 'extremely rare and dangerous fire weather conditions that have previously led to large and dangerous deadly wildfires.' Here are some other terms to know.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A “particularly dangerous situation red flag warning” has been issued for parts of Southern California, as more extreme winds are expected to impact the region and deadly fires continue to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rare, National Weather Service-issued PDS warning is for “\u003ca href=\"https://x.com/nwslosangeles/status/1879099654337667553?s=12&t=zqhVQvPMIcoxuuo4LPBNMw\">extremely rare and dangerous fire weather conditions\u003c/a> that have previously led to large and dangerous deadly wildfires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In effect for parts of Los Angeles and Ventura counties through noon Wednesday, the PDS red flag warning signals that “this setup is about as bad as it gets,” \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/nwslosangeles/status/1878882840492044401?s=12&t=zqhVQvPMIcoxuuo4LPBNMw\">the NWS says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as member station LAist reports, the PDS red flag warning has already been issued \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/cheat-sheet-what-is-a-pds-weather-fire-talk\">a few other times in recent months\u003c/a> — an indication of the extreme weather Southern California is facing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “particularly dangerous situation” term was first used in the 1980s as guidance for tornado watches, says Marc Chenard, a meteorologist at the NWS Weather Prediction Center. Since then, it’s been used for other hazards, such as flash flood watches, to “signal more extreme events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the ongoing fires in Southern California, a PDS red flag warning means that “the risk of damage and loss of life is high,” Chenard tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A regular warning already indicates a significant hazard, Chenard says. “But when you see the PDS term attached to it, it’s even a level beyond that. So, now the threat to life and property is even more extreme.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple fires have been burning across Los Angeles and Ventura counties since last week, fueled in part by extremely dry conditions, gusty winds and low humidity. The Eaton, Palisades and Hurst fires have scorched more than 38,000 acres and destroyed more than 12,000 structures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few more terms related to the wildfires to understand:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12022125\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12022125\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-40-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter drags a hose during the Palisades Fire on Jan. 8, 2025, in Malibu, Los Angeles County. \u003ccite>(Eric Thayer/Getty Images North America)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Red flag warning:\u003c/strong> A \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/mqt/redflagtips\">red flag warning\u003c/a> means there are conditions for an increased risk of fire: a combination of very low humidity, warm temperatures and strong winds. More on \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/what-is-a-red-flag-warning-fire-nws\">red flag warnings\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/cheat-sheet-what-is-a-pds-weather-fire-talk\">PDS warnings\u003c/a> from LAist.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Santa Ana winds:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/08/nx-s1-5252535/palisades-fire-california-los-angeles-santa-ana-winds\">Winds with powerful gusts\u003c/a> that sometimes exceed hurricane-force winds. They are caused by high pressure over the desert Southwest and push through the mountain passages in Southern California toward an area of lower pressure off the Pacific coast. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/08/nx-s1-5252535/palisades-fire-california-los-angeles-santa-ana-winds\">More on the Santa Ana winds\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Evacuation Warning:\u003c/strong> There is “impending danger” to life or property, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://news.caloes.ca.gov/know-the-difference-what-evacuation-warnings-and-orders-mean/\">California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services\u003c/a>. A person should also expect an order to evacuate will follow shortly after.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Evacuation Order:\u003c/strong> The office also says there is an “immediate threat” to one’s life and people within an evacuation zone should leave immediately. \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/evacuation-orders-warnings-what-they-mean-emergency-wildfire-earthquake\">More on evacuation warnings and orders from LAist\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Containment:\u003c/strong> Several factors determine how much of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/21/572305828/what-does-containing-a-fire-really-mean\">fire has been contained\u003c/a>. Rather than describing how much of a fire has been put out, it refers to how much of a perimeter firefighters have created around a fire to prevent it from spreading. \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/what-is-fire-containment\">More on containment from LAist\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Prescribed burns:\u003c/strong> Also called prescribed fires, they are controlled fires used as a tool in firefighting to help prevent forest fires from burning out of control, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/managing-land/prescribed-fire#:~:text=Prescribed%20fires%2C%20also%20known%20as,ecosystems%20that%20depend%20on%20fire.\">U.S. Forest Service\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12021125/la-fires-renew-debate-over-prescribed-burns-and-fire-preparedness-in-california\">More on the debate over prescribed burns from member station KQED\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>How to help and stay safe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Resources to help stay safe:\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/authorities-ask-residents-to-evacuate-when-ordered-warned\">\u003cstrong>With fire danger still high, authorities implore you to follow evacuation orders.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/dos-donts-after-wildfire\">\u003cstrong>What to do — and not do — when you get home after a fire evacuation.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/01/10/nx-s1-5256230/smoke-home-air-purifier-box-fan\"> \u003cstrong>Is smoke in your home? Here’s how to make an air purifier from a box fan.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/09/25/g-s1-24534/wildfire-app-watch-duty-firefighting\">\u003cstrong>Trying to stay safe in a wildfire? There’s an app that can help.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ways to support the response and recovery:\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/how-to-help-la-fire-victims\">\u003cstrong>Want to help fire victims? Here’s what experts say does the most good and places seeking volunteers.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/news/shows/kcrw-features/wildfire-help-donate-volunteer\">\u003cstrong>Wildfire donations and volunteering: How and where to help.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n➡️ \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/housing-homelessness/cheat-sheet-what-to-do-if-you-need-to-make-a-fire-insurance-claim\">\u003cstrong>Share: These are the steps fire victims need to take to make an insurance claim.\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The California Newsroom is following the extreme weather from across the region. Click through to \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/\">\u003cem>LAist’s coverage\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> for the latest.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
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