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"content": "\u003cp>LEXINGTON, Miss. — Inside a rural high school, five Advanced Placement physics students furiously scribbled notes about a video of a Yale University professor speaking more than 1,200 miles away. With textbooks open, they watched a lecture about Newton’s Laws on a giant screen, while their classroom teacher simultaneously offered examples of those laws in action. When the lecture ended, they had yet another to chance to learn: A physics video chat with their tutor, a sophomore physics major at Yale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unconventional flurry of both in-person and virtual academics in a school that had never before offered AP physics is part of a broader experiment that experts say could herald the future of education, especially for rural schools. That experiment is starting with these high schoolers in the Mississippi Delta, one of the poorest and most rural parts of the country. It’s too soon to know how well the free pilot program mixing online and in-person learning will work, but one thing is clear: Without it, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.holmes.k12.ms.us/superintendent-1\">Holmes County Superintendent Angel Meeks,\u003c/a> AP physics in this rural Mississippi district “would not exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students in Holmes County do not have the same benefits as students in more affluent areas,” Meeks said. “This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to provide access and opportunity they might not otherwise have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providing a rigorous pre-college curriculum has long been a struggle in many of the more than \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ruraled/tables/a.1.a.-1.asp\">7,100\u003c/a> U.S. rural school districts, where a lack of teachers, dwindling enrollment numbers and tight budgets make it difficult to offer electives, foreign languages and even basic classes that are a given in many suburban and urban schools. As a result, rural students often lag their peers in advanced courses, and also in college attendance and completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1234&context=carsey\">2015 report\u003c/a> found that the lack of AP classes may increase the financial burden on college-bound rural students: Students who don’t take AP classes don’t earn college credit that could enable them to graduate more quickly, and such students are “more likely to pay for additional remedial coursework when beginning college.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why there’s considerable excitement about the free program bringing AP physics to Mississippi this school year, courtesy of the \u003ca href=\"http://globalteachingproject.com/\">Global Teaching Project\u003c/a>, a Washington D.C.-based education company that is part of a nonprofit consortium in the state. A few years ago, the Holmes County school district offered a few college-level AP courses at only one of its three high schools. After the three schools consolidated during the 2014-15 school year, the newly formed Holmes County Central High School was able to offer five classes, including AP calculus, English language and English literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50706\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A word wall of physics vocabulary terms in a classroom at Holmes County Central High School. \u003ccite>(Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Holmes County, where \u003ca href=\"https://censusreporter.org/profiles/97000US2801980-holmes-county-school-district-ms/\">half the students live below poverty level\u003c/a>, is following a national trend by using online resources to offer more advanced high school courses to its students. It’s a model that Betsy DeVos, the U.S. Secretary of Education, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/10/08/education-betsy-devos-online-charter-schools-poor-results-243556\">called for\u003c/a>, claiming that virtual schools can offer “valuable options’’ in rural areas, where educators are eager to expand courses, as long as they don’t have to push already tight budgets or direct student funding away from schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, many rural districts have turned to online offerings as a fast way to increase college-level courses and either fill in for teachers they don’t have, or make better use of the teachers they do have. If a teacher is not fully qualified or certified to teach a course, some schools opt to have that teacher facilitate an online class for students, checking progress and answering student questions. Earlier this year, Illinois launched a self-directed online AP pilot program for \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/rural-schools-in-illinois-online-ap-courses/\">75 students at 10 rural high schools\u003c/a>. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/high-schools/blogs/high-school-notes/articles/2017-02-27/rural-high-schools-get-teens-into-advanced-placement-courses\">Maine\u003c/a>, students at rural schools can take courses through a state-funded online program, but must work with an adult mentor at school during the course. In Colorado, rural districts have worked together to offer more AP courses by creating video conference classrooms, where kids at \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcn.org/articles/how-one-tiny-high-school-hacked-advanced-placement-classes\">one high school can watch courses\u003c/a> taught by a teacher at a neighboring school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, as more rural schools look to virtual programs for help, there’s little evidence that online learning is equal to or can exceed outcomes from traditional in-person instruction, and some experts are urging caution — along with greater attention to quality. Some of the more time intensive virtual programs have shown poor outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Miron, an education professor specializing in evaluation, measurement, and research at Western Michigan University’s College of Education and Human Development, is concerned about the rate at which many states are adopting online learning programs, or even making participation in these programs a graduation requirement. “We’re getting legislation [about online learning] pushed in quickly and rolled out really rapidly, and we really still don’t have sufficient evidence,” Miron said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s not easy to track participation in online programs, a report by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.evergreenedgroup.com/\">Evergreen Education Group\u003c/a>, a leader in digital learning research, estimated that \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2017/06/14/online-classes-for-k-12-schools-what-you.html\">some 2.7 million students took about 4.5 million online courses\u003c/a> in 2014-15. That’s a sharp increase from the 2002-03 school year, when, according to the U.S. Department of Education, students took 317,000 online courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/online-learning-as-graduation-requirement.aspx\">five states\u003c/a> now require an online course as a graduation requirement, and many schools that turn to online learning find a growing number of programs available, all with varying degrees of depth and breadth. Some choose individual units or lessons within classrooms where students can move at their own pace, with a teacher serving as a facilitator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can also choose programs developed by various organizations or colleges, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2015/07/22/the-new-frontier-for-advanced-placement-online-ap-lessons-for-free/?utm_term=.f2c08166f74b\">offering lessons intended to supplement teaching in difficult AP subjects\u003c/a>, rather than serving as the sole learning experience for students. They can also turn to organizations like \u003ca href=\"http://www.k12.com/virtual-school-offerings/free-online-public-schools/high-school-program-courses/ap-honors-course-list.html\">K12.com\u003c/a> for online Advanced Placement courses. K12.com says the courses “follow curriculum specified by the College Board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the more extreme end of the spectrum, some high school students \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2017/06/14/online-classes-for-k-12-schools-what-you.html?r=1331048516&intc=EW-TC17-TOC\">enroll in virtual schools\u003c/a> for all or some classes, which may be run by states, nonprofits, universities, or private companies. Quality can vary greatly. Some states have embraced full-time virtual schools: In Pennsylvania \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/10/08/education-betsy-devos-online-charter-schools-poor-results-243556\">more than 30,000 students are enrolled in virtual charter schools that have a graduation rate of only 48 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, some providers of online education have faced controversy, lawsuits, and even shutdowns for misleading students and failing to provide an education. In 2017, several companies opened so-called “online high schools” that turned out to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2017/02/operators-online-high-schools-settle-ftc-charges-they-misled-tens\">no more than diploma mills\u003c/a>. The businesses, charged with violations by the Federal Trade Commission, were later banned from operating in a settlement reached with the federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while outcomes for students studying in online schools are “\u003ca href=\"http://nepc.colorado.edu/newsletter/2016/04/virtual-schools-annual-2016\">consistently below traditional public schools\u003c/a>,” enrollment in full-time online and blended learning schools continues to increase, according to a 2016 report by the National Education Policy Center. The authors of the report called for more oversight of virtual and blended learning schools, and urged policymakers to slow or stop their growth until more research is done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50705\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stack of old physics textbooks sits in a classroom at Holmes County Central High School. The Global Teaching Project purchased new textbook for students taking AP physics this year. \u003ccite>(Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential pathways, solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other possible solutions for improving access to courses have been offered by rural school advocates, like Robert Mahaffey, executive director of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.ruraledu.org/\"> Rural School and Community Trust,\u003c/a> who proposes expanding courses in rural schools that invest more in their staff, as well as offering teachers more pathways towards credentials and certification\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to lower the bar or water down that content,” Mahaffey said. “[T]teachers need to be in positions where they’re able to deliver content and not be restricted by particular credentials … how can we create professional pathways for teachers so they can get those certifications?” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron of Western Michigan is fond of the idea of high schools joining forces to share teachers or using technology so students in one high school can take a class, and participate virtually, as it is taught in a neighboring school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offering a course online is cheaper than hiring a full-time teacher for each school, but finding a way to offer online courses while still keeping “the ownership of curriculum and instruction local” is ideal, Miron said. By having some control over online learning programs, schools can keep tabs on quality and completion, which may be hard to do for online programs — especially if schools are paying other providers for classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron is also skeptical whether students in high school or younger grades can direct their own learning to the extent that some online programs expect. “It’s naive to think these students can sit and master the curriculum on their own,” Miron said. Programs “may have wonderful technology … but what we strongly believe is kids at the primary and secondary level of education don’t have the metacognitive skills to be successful with online instruction as it’s being delivered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, if programs lack oversight, it can be hard for a school to know if a student is performing poorly, or has dropped out, until it’s too late. This is especially true for online programs that enroll high numbers of students, Miron said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 investigation by the Florida Center for Investigative Reporting and StateImpact Florida, for example, found student-teacher ratios at the online school \u003ca href=\"http://www.k12.com/k12-education.html\">K12.com\u003c/a>, which contracts with various Florida districts to provide online classes, were as high as \u003ca href=\"https://stateimpact.npr.org/florida/2012/09/16/in-k12-courses-275-students-to-a-single-teacher/\">275 students to one teacher\u003c/a>. K12.com offered schools a smaller student-to-teacher ratio for an additional per-student fee. At the time of the reporting, the state’s maximum ratio for brick-and-mortar schools was 25 students to one teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Mississippi?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mississippi, which has lagged the nation in high-speed internet access for students, some districts have cobbled together funds for laptops and other devices that assist students with learning, allowing individual teachers to structure classes with technology. The state also offers a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/PN/VPS\">free online virtual school\u003c/a> where students can take up to two units of classes each year to supplement in-person courses, but enrollment in that program is limited. The program is currently full and no additional state-funded courses are currently available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Global Teaching Project chose to pilot its program in 10 low-income high schools in Mississippi because the state is largely rural, lacks certified teachers, and because the “need was so great” said Matthew Dolan, chief executive of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolan, a Washington-based attorney, hopes the project will eventually be a solution for rural schools nationwide that want the best of both the online and brick-and-mortar education worlds: high-quality expert teachers, student support, resources, small class sizes and human interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[We wanted] to try to come up with a solution for the overwhelming majority of rural schools … that frankly don’t have the teachers to take the lead,” he said. Dolan, who knew several Mississippi lawmakers from his tenure in Washington, was aware that Mississippi allows “consortiums,” or groups of organizations and school districts to band together, creating a vehicle for innovative programs. He relied on the advantages offered by this vehicle, and the Global Teaching Project launched the Mississippi Public School Consortium for Educational Access in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolan also relied on connections from his alma maters, Yale and the University of Virginia, to recruit tutors for the non-profit consortium, funded partly by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jkcf.org/\">Jack Kent Cooke Foundation\u003c/a> which is also among the various funders of \u003cem>The Hechinger Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Global Teaching Project incorporates aspects of successful high-quality online programs, many recommended by the International Association for K-12 Online Learning (iNACOL), which publishes \u003ca href=\"https://www.inacol.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/national-standards-for-quality-online-courses-v2.pdf\">standards for quality online learning programs\u003c/a>. These standards include elements like instructor-student and student-student interaction, the presence of frequent assessments, and content aligned with state standards or AP courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce Friend, chief operating officer for \u003ca href=\"https://www.inacol.org/about/\">iNACOL,\u003c/a> said teacher-student interaction is one of the most important aspects of any online course. “I’m not at all a fan of online learning programs where the teacher serves more as a tutor than the actual teacher,” Friend said. “There’s a difference between me really being your instructor who’s proactively making sure you understand the concepts and skills versus me saying ‘Hey…go through your online course. I’m here if you have any questions.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50702\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSRuralCourses1-e1520350918308.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Iftikhar Azeem, a physics teacher at Holmes County Central High School, reviews a lesson with students. \u003ccite>(Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How a ‘real-life’ teacher engages students\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Holmes Central High on a recent winter morning, physics teacher Iftikhar Azeem reviewed three of Newton’s Laws with his students, after watching Yale \u003ca href=\"https://physics.yale.edu/people/meg-urry\">Professor Meg Urry\u003c/a> on the screen set up at the front of the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you drop something on the floor, what happens?” Azeem asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It stops,” one student offered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why?” Azeem persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Friction,” another student answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, is that good or bad?” Azeem asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because otherwise things just keep going and don’t stop!” a student exclaimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of class contained a flurry of virtual and in-person activities. Azeem led students through a makeshift experiment involving eggs, cardboard rolls, and cups of water to demonstrate how potential energy transitions to kinetic energy. Students checked in with their Yale tutor via video chat. Later, they took out cell phones and texted answers to an online physics program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Azeem’s students will take the AP physics exam, along with a handful of students from the other nine rural high schools participating in the program. Last year, 527 students in the state took the Physics I exam, and only 175 passed. In Mississippi, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.ruraledu.org/user_uploads/file/WRM-2015-16.pdf\">44 percent of students\u003c/a> attend rural schools, performance on Advanced Placement exams has long lagged the national average. In 2017, the average score on all AP exams statewide was a 2.2, compared to a 2.84 nationwide. A 3 is the minimum score accepted by many schools to earn college credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2015-16 school year, Mississippi rolled out an initiative to increase participation in AP exams, especially among low-income and minority students. That year, participation on AP exams increased 37.9 percent for minority students, according to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/TD/news/2016/09/28/mississippi-students-increase-advanced-placement-participation-achievement\">Department of Education\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But access to such courses is still a problem. Many high schools in more rural parts of the state offer just a few, according to a review of College Board data. In many urban, more populated and affluent high schools, students have access to dozens; Oxford High School in Oxford, Mississippi offers 16 AP courses while Madison Central High School just outside of Jackson offers 23 courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Holmes County students are effusive in their praise of the program so far. They especially like the personalized video-conference tutoring from an undergraduate. “Having a tutor makes it easier,” said Jaylen Dennis, 17, who plans to major in electrical engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His classmate, Tamos Stevenson, who plans to study architecture, agreed. “He understands in the real world why we’re learning this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior Anna Martin, whose college plans include majoring in meteorology, doesn’t mind watching lectures on a video. “If we don’t understand the video, we have a teacher,” she said, motioning at Azeem, a certified physics teacher who knows the topic, but isn’t certified to teach Advanced Placement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azeem said the program is unique in offering multiple opportunities for students to get help, in person, online or via text. Still, the rural nature of the school creates limitations. Some students don’t have Internet access or computers at home. And the school does not have a physics lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need equipment,” Azeem said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolan of the Global Teaching Project said they are attempting to create a model that can be “scaled readily” and, right now, will cost nothing for school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, the project is funded by grant money and donations that are made to the consortium, but Dolan eventually hopes to make a profit. The most expensive aspect of the course so far has been filming lectures and paying for post-production of videos, which have cost between $100,000 and $150,000. The program also pays college students from the University of Virginia and Yale who act as tutors and meet students in person during a two-week summer program in Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While staff at the Global Teaching Project would like to see students succeed on the AP exams, they also want to “build a community of achievement in rural Mississippi” that encourages students to “revise their notion of themselves and ambition for themselves.” Next year, the group hopes to offer additional AP courses to the participating schools in Mississippi, and is speaking with other districts around the country about expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes County Central High School principal Charles Lacy said the experience is teaching students that “it’s ok to be smart and work hard.” Lacy said he sees online and distance learning as the future when it comes to providing more opportunity for students in areas like Holmes, which doesn’t have certified AP teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It certainly is my hope that this is the pilot for what will be the model in years to come,” Lacy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendent Meeks said providing a high-quality option for students to take Advanced Placement classes could be a game-changer not just for schools in the Mississippi Delta, but for underprivileged schools nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it can succeed in Holmes County … it could succeed in any situation where children are in poverty and where [there is] a lack of resources,” Meeks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://eepurl.com/c36ixT\">\u003cem>our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LEXINGTON, Miss. — Inside a rural high school, five Advanced Placement physics students furiously scribbled notes about a video of a Yale University professor speaking more than 1,200 miles away. With textbooks open, they watched a lecture about Newton’s Laws on a giant screen, while their classroom teacher simultaneously offered examples of those laws in action. When the lecture ended, they had yet another to chance to learn: A physics video chat with their tutor, a sophomore physics major at Yale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unconventional flurry of both in-person and virtual academics in a school that had never before offered AP physics is part of a broader experiment that experts say could herald the future of education, especially for rural schools. That experiment is starting with these high schoolers in the Mississippi Delta, one of the poorest and most rural parts of the country. It’s too soon to know how well the free pilot program mixing online and in-person learning will work, but one thing is clear: Without it, said \u003ca href=\"http://www.holmes.k12.ms.us/superintendent-1\">Holmes County Superintendent Angel Meeks,\u003c/a> AP physics in this rural Mississippi district “would not exist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Students in Holmes County do not have the same benefits as students in more affluent areas,” Meeks said. “This is a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to provide access and opportunity they might not otherwise have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Providing a rigorous pre-college curriculum has long been a struggle in many of the more than \u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/ruraled/tables/a.1.a.-1.asp\">7,100\u003c/a> U.S. rural school districts, where a lack of teachers, dwindling enrollment numbers and tight budgets make it difficult to offer electives, foreign languages and even basic classes that are a given in many suburban and urban schools. As a result, rural students often lag their peers in advanced courses, and also in college attendance and completion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://scholars.unh.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1234&context=carsey\">2015 report\u003c/a> found that the lack of AP classes may increase the financial burden on college-bound rural students: Students who don’t take AP classes don’t earn college credit that could enable them to graduate more quickly, and such students are “more likely to pay for additional remedial coursework when beginning college.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why there’s considerable excitement about the free program bringing AP physics to Mississippi this school year, courtesy of the \u003ca href=\"http://globalteachingproject.com/\">Global Teaching Project\u003c/a>, a Washington D.C.-based education company that is part of a nonprofit consortium in the state. A few years ago, the Holmes County school district offered a few college-level AP courses at only one of its three high schools. After the three schools consolidated during the 2014-15 school year, the newly formed Holmes County Central High School was able to offer five classes, including AP calculus, English language and English literature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50706\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMsRuralCourses5-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A word wall of physics vocabulary terms in a classroom at Holmes County Central High School. \u003ccite>(Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Holmes County, where \u003ca href=\"https://censusreporter.org/profiles/97000US2801980-holmes-county-school-district-ms/\">half the students live below poverty level\u003c/a>, is following a national trend by using online resources to offer more advanced high school courses to its students. It’s a model that Betsy DeVos, the U.S. Secretary of Education, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/10/08/education-betsy-devos-online-charter-schools-poor-results-243556\">called for\u003c/a>, claiming that virtual schools can offer “valuable options’’ in rural areas, where educators are eager to expand courses, as long as they don’t have to push already tight budgets or direct student funding away from schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, many rural districts have turned to online offerings as a fast way to increase college-level courses and either fill in for teachers they don’t have, or make better use of the teachers they do have. If a teacher is not fully qualified or certified to teach a course, some schools opt to have that teacher facilitate an online class for students, checking progress and answering student questions. Earlier this year, Illinois launched a self-directed online AP pilot program for \u003ca href=\"https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/rural-schools-in-illinois-online-ap-courses/\">75 students at 10 rural high schools\u003c/a>. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.usnews.com/high-schools/blogs/high-school-notes/articles/2017-02-27/rural-high-schools-get-teens-into-advanced-placement-courses\">Maine\u003c/a>, students at rural schools can take courses through a state-funded online program, but must work with an adult mentor at school during the course. In Colorado, rural districts have worked together to offer more AP courses by creating video conference classrooms, where kids at \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcn.org/articles/how-one-tiny-high-school-hacked-advanced-placement-classes\">one high school can watch courses\u003c/a> taught by a teacher at a neighboring school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, as more rural schools look to virtual programs for help, there’s little evidence that online learning is equal to or can exceed outcomes from traditional in-person instruction, and some experts are urging caution — along with greater attention to quality. Some of the more time intensive virtual programs have shown poor outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Miron, an education professor specializing in evaluation, measurement, and research at Western Michigan University’s College of Education and Human Development, is concerned about the rate at which many states are adopting online learning programs, or even making participation in these programs a graduation requirement. “We’re getting legislation [about online learning] pushed in quickly and rolled out really rapidly, and we really still don’t have sufficient evidence,” Miron said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s not easy to track participation in online programs, a report by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.evergreenedgroup.com/\">Evergreen Education Group\u003c/a>, a leader in digital learning research, estimated that \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2017/06/14/online-classes-for-k-12-schools-what-you.html\">some 2.7 million students took about 4.5 million online courses\u003c/a> in 2014-15. That’s a sharp increase from the 2002-03 school year, when, according to the U.S. Department of Education, students took 317,000 online courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/education/online-learning-as-graduation-requirement.aspx\">five states\u003c/a> now require an online course as a graduation requirement, and many schools that turn to online learning find a growing number of programs available, all with varying degrees of depth and breadth. Some choose individual units or lessons within classrooms where students can move at their own pace, with a teacher serving as a facilitator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can also choose programs developed by various organizations or colleges, \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/grade-point/wp/2015/07/22/the-new-frontier-for-advanced-placement-online-ap-lessons-for-free/?utm_term=.f2c08166f74b\">offering lessons intended to supplement teaching in difficult AP subjects\u003c/a>, rather than serving as the sole learning experience for students. They can also turn to organizations like \u003ca href=\"http://www.k12.com/virtual-school-offerings/free-online-public-schools/high-school-program-courses/ap-honors-course-list.html\">K12.com\u003c/a> for online Advanced Placement courses. K12.com says the courses “follow curriculum specified by the College Board.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the more extreme end of the spectrum, some high school students \u003ca href=\"https://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2017/06/14/online-classes-for-k-12-schools-what-you.html?r=1331048516&intc=EW-TC17-TOC\">enroll in virtual schools\u003c/a> for all or some classes, which may be run by states, nonprofits, universities, or private companies. Quality can vary greatly. Some states have embraced full-time virtual schools: In Pennsylvania \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2017/10/08/education-betsy-devos-online-charter-schools-poor-results-243556\">more than 30,000 students are enrolled in virtual charter schools that have a graduation rate of only 48 percent\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally, some providers of online education have faced controversy, lawsuits, and even shutdowns for misleading students and failing to provide an education. In 2017, several companies opened so-called “online high schools” that turned out to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftc.gov/news-events/press-releases/2017/02/operators-online-high-schools-settle-ftc-charges-they-misled-tens\">no more than diploma mills\u003c/a>. The businesses, charged with violations by the Federal Trade Commission, were later banned from operating in a settlement reached with the federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while outcomes for students studying in online schools are “\u003ca href=\"http://nepc.colorado.edu/newsletter/2016/04/virtual-schools-annual-2016\">consistently below traditional public schools\u003c/a>,” enrollment in full-time online and blended learning schools continues to increase, according to a 2016 report by the National Education Policy Center. The authors of the report called for more oversight of virtual and blended learning schools, and urged policymakers to slow or stop their growth until more research is done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50705\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4.jpg 1800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSruralcourses4-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stack of old physics textbooks sits in a classroom at Holmes County Central High School. The Global Teaching Project purchased new textbook for students taking AP physics this year. \u003ccite>(Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Potential pathways, solutions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other possible solutions for improving access to courses have been offered by rural school advocates, like Robert Mahaffey, executive director of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.ruraledu.org/\"> Rural School and Community Trust,\u003c/a> who proposes expanding courses in rural schools that invest more in their staff, as well as offering teachers more pathways towards credentials and certification\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t want to lower the bar or water down that content,” Mahaffey said. “[T]teachers need to be in positions where they’re able to deliver content and not be restricted by particular credentials … how can we create professional pathways for teachers so they can get those certifications?” he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron of Western Michigan is fond of the idea of high schools joining forces to share teachers or using technology so students in one high school can take a class, and participate virtually, as it is taught in a neighboring school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Offering a course online is cheaper than hiring a full-time teacher for each school, but finding a way to offer online courses while still keeping “the ownership of curriculum and instruction local” is ideal, Miron said. By having some control over online learning programs, schools can keep tabs on quality and completion, which may be hard to do for online programs — especially if schools are paying other providers for classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron is also skeptical whether students in high school or younger grades can direct their own learning to the extent that some online programs expect. “It’s naive to think these students can sit and master the curriculum on their own,” Miron said. Programs “may have wonderful technology … but what we strongly believe is kids at the primary and secondary level of education don’t have the metacognitive skills to be successful with online instruction as it’s being delivered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, if programs lack oversight, it can be hard for a school to know if a student is performing poorly, or has dropped out, until it’s too late. This is especially true for online programs that enroll high numbers of students, Miron said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 investigation by the Florida Center for Investigative Reporting and StateImpact Florida, for example, found student-teacher ratios at the online school \u003ca href=\"http://www.k12.com/k12-education.html\">K12.com\u003c/a>, which contracts with various Florida districts to provide online classes, were as high as \u003ca href=\"https://stateimpact.npr.org/florida/2012/09/16/in-k12-courses-275-students-to-a-single-teacher/\">275 students to one teacher\u003c/a>. K12.com offered schools a smaller student-to-teacher ratio for an additional per-student fee. At the time of the reporting, the state’s maximum ratio for brick-and-mortar schools was 25 students to one teacher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Mississippi?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mississippi, which has lagged the nation in high-speed internet access for students, some districts have cobbled together funds for laptops and other devices that assist students with learning, allowing individual teachers to structure classes with technology. The state also offers a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/PN/VPS\">free online virtual school\u003c/a> where students can take up to two units of classes each year to supplement in-person courses, but enrollment in that program is limited. The program is currently full and no additional state-funded courses are currently available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Global Teaching Project chose to pilot its program in 10 low-income high schools in Mississippi because the state is largely rural, lacks certified teachers, and because the “need was so great” said Matthew Dolan, chief executive of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolan, a Washington-based attorney, hopes the project will eventually be a solution for rural schools nationwide that want the best of both the online and brick-and-mortar education worlds: high-quality expert teachers, student support, resources, small class sizes and human interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[We wanted] to try to come up with a solution for the overwhelming majority of rural schools … that frankly don’t have the teachers to take the lead,” he said. Dolan, who knew several Mississippi lawmakers from his tenure in Washington, was aware that Mississippi allows “consortiums,” or groups of organizations and school districts to band together, creating a vehicle for innovative programs. He relied on the advantages offered by this vehicle, and the Global Teaching Project launched the Mississippi Public School Consortium for Educational Access in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolan also relied on connections from his alma maters, Yale and the University of Virginia, to recruit tutors for the non-profit consortium, funded partly by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jkcf.org/\">Jack Kent Cooke Foundation\u003c/a> which is also among the various funders of \u003cem>The Hechinger Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Global Teaching Project incorporates aspects of successful high-quality online programs, many recommended by the International Association for K-12 Online Learning (iNACOL), which publishes \u003ca href=\"https://www.inacol.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/national-standards-for-quality-online-courses-v2.pdf\">standards for quality online learning programs\u003c/a>. These standards include elements like instructor-student and student-student interaction, the presence of frequent assessments, and content aligned with state standards or AP courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruce Friend, chief operating officer for \u003ca href=\"https://www.inacol.org/about/\">iNACOL,\u003c/a> said teacher-student interaction is one of the most important aspects of any online course. “I’m not at all a fan of online learning programs where the teacher serves more as a tutor than the actual teacher,” Friend said. “There’s a difference between me really being your instructor who’s proactively making sure you understand the concepts and skills versus me saying ‘Hey…go through your online course. I’m here if you have any questions.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50702\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/03/MaderMSRuralCourses1-e1520350918308.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Iftikhar Azeem, a physics teacher at Holmes County Central High School, reviews a lesson with students. \u003ccite>(Jackie Mader/The Hechinger Report)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How a ‘real-life’ teacher engages students\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Holmes Central High on a recent winter morning, physics teacher Iftikhar Azeem reviewed three of Newton’s Laws with his students, after watching Yale \u003ca href=\"https://physics.yale.edu/people/meg-urry\">Professor Meg Urry\u003c/a> on the screen set up at the front of the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you drop something on the floor, what happens?” Azeem asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It stops,” one student offered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why?” Azeem persisted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Friction,” another student answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, is that good or bad?” Azeem asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because otherwise things just keep going and don’t stop!” a student exclaimed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of class contained a flurry of virtual and in-person activities. Azeem led students through a makeshift experiment involving eggs, cardboard rolls, and cups of water to demonstrate how potential energy transitions to kinetic energy. Students checked in with their Yale tutor via video chat. Later, they took out cell phones and texted answers to an online physics program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, Azeem’s students will take the AP physics exam, along with a handful of students from the other nine rural high schools participating in the program. Last year, 527 students in the state took the Physics I exam, and only 175 passed. In Mississippi, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.ruraledu.org/user_uploads/file/WRM-2015-16.pdf\">44 percent of students\u003c/a> attend rural schools, performance on Advanced Placement exams has long lagged the national average. In 2017, the average score on all AP exams statewide was a 2.2, compared to a 2.84 nationwide. A 3 is the minimum score accepted by many schools to earn college credit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2015-16 school year, Mississippi rolled out an initiative to increase participation in AP exams, especially among low-income and minority students. That year, participation on AP exams increased 37.9 percent for minority students, according to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.mde.k12.ms.us/TD/news/2016/09/28/mississippi-students-increase-advanced-placement-participation-achievement\">Department of Education\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But access to such courses is still a problem. Many high schools in more rural parts of the state offer just a few, according to a review of College Board data. In many urban, more populated and affluent high schools, students have access to dozens; Oxford High School in Oxford, Mississippi offers 16 AP courses while Madison Central High School just outside of Jackson offers 23 courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Holmes County students are effusive in their praise of the program so far. They especially like the personalized video-conference tutoring from an undergraduate. “Having a tutor makes it easier,” said Jaylen Dennis, 17, who plans to major in electrical engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His classmate, Tamos Stevenson, who plans to study architecture, agreed. “He understands in the real world why we’re learning this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior Anna Martin, whose college plans include majoring in meteorology, doesn’t mind watching lectures on a video. “If we don’t understand the video, we have a teacher,” she said, motioning at Azeem, a certified physics teacher who knows the topic, but isn’t certified to teach Advanced Placement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azeem said the program is unique in offering multiple opportunities for students to get help, in person, online or via text. Still, the rural nature of the school creates limitations. Some students don’t have Internet access or computers at home. And the school does not have a physics lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need equipment,” Azeem said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolan of the Global Teaching Project said they are attempting to create a model that can be “scaled readily” and, right now, will cost nothing for school districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, the project is funded by grant money and donations that are made to the consortium, but Dolan eventually hopes to make a profit. The most expensive aspect of the course so far has been filming lectures and paying for post-production of videos, which have cost between $100,000 and $150,000. The program also pays college students from the University of Virginia and Yale who act as tutors and meet students in person during a two-week summer program in Mississippi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While staff at the Global Teaching Project would like to see students succeed on the AP exams, they also want to “build a community of achievement in rural Mississippi” that encourages students to “revise their notion of themselves and ambition for themselves.” Next year, the group hopes to offer additional AP courses to the participating schools in Mississippi, and is speaking with other districts around the country about expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes County Central High School principal Charles Lacy said the experience is teaching students that “it’s ok to be smart and work hard.” Lacy said he sees online and distance learning as the future when it comes to providing more opportunity for students in areas like Holmes, which doesn’t have certified AP teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It certainly is my hope that this is the pilot for what will be the model in years to come,” Lacy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendent Meeks said providing a high-quality option for students to take Advanced Placement classes could be a game-changer not just for schools in the Mississippi Delta, but for underprivileged schools nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it can succeed in Holmes County … it could succeed in any situation where children are in poverty and where [there is] a lack of resources,” Meeks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. Sign up for \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://eepurl.com/c36ixT\">\u003cem>our newsletter\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>The excerpt below is from the book \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Connected-Start-Global-Learning-Primary-ebook/dp/B00V8T8Z1S\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Connected From the Start: Global Learning In the Primary Grades,”\u003c/a> by Kathy Cassidy, published by \u003ca href=\"http://plpnetwork.com/connected-from-the-start-book/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Powerful Learning Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Kathy Cassidy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some teachers I talk to say they do not have time to connect with other classrooms because they are too busy covering their curriculum. In fact, connecting with others is not an addition to our curriculum. It is not something we do after we have finished our reading and math for the day. It is the way we do our curriculum. From practicing counting by fives or comparing similarities and differences via Skype, to writing for a worldwide audience, to making and sharing videos of social studies concepts on our blogs, we connect and invite the world to learn with us and to help us learn. Although learning from others is a key reason why I continue to connect my classroom online, there are many other reasons as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Our Students Will Be Part Of a Hyper-Connected World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world seems to shrink a bit more every day. This has been the pattern for many decades. As this trend continues, the world that my students will be part of in their adult lives will be incredibly connected. Twenty-five years ago, I spent some time living in Thailand. When my husband and I left Canada to move there, we knew that our only connection with our family and friends would be letters and an occasional (and expensive) telephone call. If we were to make that move now, there would be a multitude of ways we could connect with home, both synchronously and asynchronously, anytime we chose. Although having a computer or device with an internet connection in my students’ homes becomes a little more common every year, not every child in my class has this access. Sometimes these children and their parents are able to access the Internet from a relative’s home or from the public library. What is clear is that we are continually moving toward the point at which every family will be connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These connections are not restricted to our private lives. Business is also becoming more globally connected. It is possible and perhaps even probable that our students will spend much of their working lives in some kind of virtual conversation with colleagues from around the world. If that is even a possibility, we owe it to them to begin to prepare them for that option. We want to get them ready for the world they will be part of, not the world that we lived in as children, or even the world we live in now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. A Global Perspective Increases Empathy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The enthusiasm of my students at the discovery of the volcano near the Voyagers’ school was tempered by the fact that they knew volcanoes could be extremely dangerous. Because of our online connection and conversations, they felt about the students in New Zealand the same way as they did about the students in the classroom next door. They were concerned for their safety, and it was important to them to find out if their friends were in danger in the event of a volcanic eruption. It is easy to brush off dangers or catastrophic events when they do not personally affect your life. Knowing others who may be affected by that danger takes something abstract and makes it personal. You begin to care. My students were relieved to discover that the volcano in New Zealand did not spew lava—only ash—and that the ash had never endangered any of the students at the school in Palmerston North.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From children in places far from where we live, my students have learned that not everyone has the same alphabet, that people speak other languages, that some areas do not have snow in the winter, that children everywhere learn to read and write, that school rules can be different, and that, yes, there are trees in Wisconsin. Without our online connections, these global understandings might not have been gained for many years, if ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Kids Often Learn Best From Other Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids can often learn better from a classmate or another child than they can from their teacher. If you are a teacher, I’m sure you’ve seen this in your own classroom. I certainly have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49425\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kathycassidy/\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-49425 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"A student practices reading with his Skype partner.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student practices reading with a teacher-in-training on Skype. \u003ccite>(Kathy Cassidy/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kathycassidy/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I remember one of the moments that this was hammered home to me. One of the objectives in my curriculum at the time was learning the difference between needs and wants. I planned and taught a couple of what I thought were fabulous lessons about what each of these concepts was and the difference between the two. Then, I asked the students to make a Common Craft type of video to show what they had learned. If you are not familiar with Common Craft, they have a series of simple but brilliant videos explaining concepts such as Twitter, social media, RSS and wikis. The camera points at a table and films the narrator’s hands. As he talks, the narrator pulls pieces of paper with simple drawings or words in and out of the camera’s view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My students’ task was to create a similar video to show what they had learned about the difference between needs and wants. When the videos were completed, it was obvious that despite my brilliant teaching, three of the students still did not understand the difference between these two words. Instead of re-teaching, I took those three students aside and showed them videos created by students who obviously had a clear grasp of the concepts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was like the lights went on. After having seen what their peers had created, those three students all clearly understood the differences, and they were able to go on to create a new video showing this learning. You can probably think of similar things that have happened in your own classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, imagine those “aha” moments happening through a connection with a child in another place your students have never been and will probably never have a chance to visit. I could have simply told my students that there are volcanoes in New Zealand, or read a book about children who wear uniforms to school, or shown a video about children who live near the ocean. Would my teaching have provoked the same learning? I don’t think so. As we talked with our Kiwi friends below the equator, the children could ask questions and get answers. They could observe the learning of the other children in response to the answers we gave. My students could be part of the lives of people who lived on the other side of the world. This vivid personal connection both inspired their learning and made it more meaningful to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. We Learn about Online Etiquette and Safety\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people worry that young children should not be online because they cannot be safe. Instead, I worry that young children who are isolated from social technologies will not learn HOW to be safe online. In our increasingly connected world, it is important for even five and six-year-olds to begin to learn what is appropriate when using technology to connect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49427\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kathycassidy/8522478858/in/photolist-dZ6W3E-4u1Qzg-6p7Ay8\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-49427 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-1020x966.jpg\" alt=\"Kathy Cassidy with her student.\" width=\"640\" height=\"606\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-1020x966.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-160x152.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-800x758.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-768x728.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-1180x1118.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-960x910.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-240x227.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-375x355.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-520x493.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kathy Cassidy with her student. \u003ccite>(A student)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While I agree we need to take steps to protect children, I think it is equally important that we begin to teach them how to handle themselves in virtual settings. Having them create digital content and interact in a safe manner is essential learning for a child growing up in the Internet age. Unfortunately, we are not having many conversations about this at the level where decisions are made about education policy and practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost everyone knows the story of an adult who, because of something that was posted online, was denied a chance at a job, or lost their employment, or was censured in some way. I know of a young man who was denied a chance to compete for a coveted job in tourism because the sponsoring organization found a video of him online using profanity at a professional football game. Incidents such as this are happening more and more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of online bullying is also gaining worldwide media attention. Many children and adults do not realize that once something is online, it stays online. You may be able to delete it from your website or Facebook page, but you must assume there will always be a record of what you posted somewhere in cyberspace. As significant as this issue has become in our lives, it will become even more important in the future as our world continues to become more connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even 10 years ago, we could never have predicted how important the Internet and the connections it allows would become. A positive digital footprint is on its way to becoming an essential part of all our lives. Even five and six year olds can begin to understand this concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My curriculum asks me to teach the students how to recognize potential safety risks in play areas. To my students, the Internet is a play area. Online safety is just one of the forms of safety that they need to learn to be healthy and secure as they grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When my own children were too young to cross the street on their own, I took their hand and crossed with them. As they grew, I let go of their hand and walked beside them. When they were ready, I watched as they crossed the street on their own. Finally, they were ready to do it entirely without me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When my primary-aged students begin to interact online, I do not set them loose to explore on their own. I figuratively take their hand and we do things together. After much modeling, I let the students do it while I watch. When those habits are firmly established, I watch from afar while they do it without me. I do this to ensure that they interact online in a safe and appropriate way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. I Place a High Value on Serendipity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, our classroom interactions with students far away have resulted in unforeseen learning. When we began connecting with the classroom in New Zealand, I had no idea that they lived near the ocean or that they had a volcano nearby. Those unexpected realities led to serendipitous learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, we have “accidentally” discovered that some schools have no girls, that some people go swimming on Christmas Day and that some schools have no school buses. We’ve learned what it looks like to have a tornado drill in a classroom. Year after year, I have let the students “discover” for themselves that when we chat with students in Australia or New Zealand, it is already the next day there. The learning is much stickier when they suddenly perceive that the kids down under are having summer when we are having winter and that not everyone wears snow clothes for four months of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day my class received a package in the mail from New Zealand. It contained some wonderful treasures such as kina and paua shells and ash from a “real” volcano. This led to more wonderful questions about why the pumice was so light and how the paua shell got to be blue inside, and why anyone would think to eat the spiky kina shellfish! More serendipity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of connections bring something to the classroom that nothing else can. Connecting globally has changed my classroom and my teaching practice in such a profound way that I feel almost claustrophobic thinking about old-style instruction. Maybe you already enjoy this same sense of freedom to connect. If not, let me introduce you to the tools I use to lower our classroom walls and welcome the world in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kathycassidy?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kathy Cassidy\u003c/a> is a Grade One teacher for Prairie South Schools in Moose Jaw, SK, Canada, and an Apple Distinguished Educator. Since 2005, she has been integrating various technologies into her teaching practice to help “connect” her primary-grades students so they can become global learners. In addition to her widely followed \u003ca href=\"http://mscassidysclass.edublogs.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">classroom blog\u003c/a>, she writes about her professional work at \u003ca href=\"http://kathycassidy.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Primary Preoccupation\u003c/a> and for the \u003ca href=\"http://plpnetwork.com/category/voices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Voices from the Learning Revolution\u003c/a> group blog.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>The excerpt below is from the book \u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Connected-Start-Global-Learning-Primary-ebook/dp/B00V8T8Z1S\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Connected From the Start: Global Learning In the Primary Grades,”\u003c/a> by Kathy Cassidy, published by \u003ca href=\"http://plpnetwork.com/connected-from-the-start-book/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Powerful Learning Press\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Kathy Cassidy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some teachers I talk to say they do not have time to connect with other classrooms because they are too busy covering their curriculum. In fact, connecting with others is not an addition to our curriculum. It is not something we do after we have finished our reading and math for the day. It is the way we do our curriculum. From practicing counting by fives or comparing similarities and differences via Skype, to writing for a worldwide audience, to making and sharing videos of social studies concepts on our blogs, we connect and invite the world to learn with us and to help us learn. Although learning from others is a key reason why I continue to connect my classroom online, there are many other reasons as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Our Students Will Be Part Of a Hyper-Connected World\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world seems to shrink a bit more every day. This has been the pattern for many decades. As this trend continues, the world that my students will be part of in their adult lives will be incredibly connected. Twenty-five years ago, I spent some time living in Thailand. When my husband and I left Canada to move there, we knew that our only connection with our family and friends would be letters and an occasional (and expensive) telephone call. If we were to make that move now, there would be a multitude of ways we could connect with home, both synchronously and asynchronously, anytime we chose. Although having a computer or device with an internet connection in my students’ homes becomes a little more common every year, not every child in my class has this access. Sometimes these children and their parents are able to access the Internet from a relative’s home or from the public library. What is clear is that we are continually moving toward the point at which every family will be connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These connections are not restricted to our private lives. Business is also becoming more globally connected. It is possible and perhaps even probable that our students will spend much of their working lives in some kind of virtual conversation with colleagues from around the world. If that is even a possibility, we owe it to them to begin to prepare them for that option. We want to get them ready for the world they will be part of, not the world that we lived in as children, or even the world we live in now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. A Global Perspective Increases Empathy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The enthusiasm of my students at the discovery of the volcano near the Voyagers’ school was tempered by the fact that they knew volcanoes could be extremely dangerous. Because of our online connection and conversations, they felt about the students in New Zealand the same way as they did about the students in the classroom next door. They were concerned for their safety, and it was important to them to find out if their friends were in danger in the event of a volcanic eruption. It is easy to brush off dangers or catastrophic events when they do not personally affect your life. Knowing others who may be affected by that danger takes something abstract and makes it personal. You begin to care. My students were relieved to discover that the volcano in New Zealand did not spew lava—only ash—and that the ash had never endangered any of the students at the school in Palmerston North.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From children in places far from where we live, my students have learned that not everyone has the same alphabet, that people speak other languages, that some areas do not have snow in the winter, that children everywhere learn to read and write, that school rules can be different, and that, yes, there are trees in Wisconsin. Without our online connections, these global understandings might not have been gained for many years, if ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Kids Often Learn Best From Other Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids can often learn better from a classmate or another child than they can from their teacher. If you are a teacher, I’m sure you’ve seen this in your own classroom. I certainly have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49425\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kathycassidy/\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-49425 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"A student practices reading with his Skype partner.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/6910692050_bd5bd10c8d_k-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student practices reading with a teacher-in-training on Skype. \u003ccite>(Kathy Cassidy/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kathycassidy/\">Flickr\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I remember one of the moments that this was hammered home to me. One of the objectives in my curriculum at the time was learning the difference between needs and wants. I planned and taught a couple of what I thought were fabulous lessons about what each of these concepts was and the difference between the two. Then, I asked the students to make a Common Craft type of video to show what they had learned. If you are not familiar with Common Craft, they have a series of simple but brilliant videos explaining concepts such as Twitter, social media, RSS and wikis. The camera points at a table and films the narrator’s hands. As he talks, the narrator pulls pieces of paper with simple drawings or words in and out of the camera’s view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My students’ task was to create a similar video to show what they had learned about the difference between needs and wants. When the videos were completed, it was obvious that despite my brilliant teaching, three of the students still did not understand the difference between these two words. Instead of re-teaching, I took those three students aside and showed them videos created by students who obviously had a clear grasp of the concepts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was like the lights went on. After having seen what their peers had created, those three students all clearly understood the differences, and they were able to go on to create a new video showing this learning. You can probably think of similar things that have happened in your own classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, imagine those “aha” moments happening through a connection with a child in another place your students have never been and will probably never have a chance to visit. I could have simply told my students that there are volcanoes in New Zealand, or read a book about children who wear uniforms to school, or shown a video about children who live near the ocean. Would my teaching have provoked the same learning? I don’t think so. As we talked with our Kiwi friends below the equator, the children could ask questions and get answers. They could observe the learning of the other children in response to the answers we gave. My students could be part of the lives of people who lived on the other side of the world. This vivid personal connection both inspired their learning and made it more meaningful to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. We Learn about Online Etiquette and Safety\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people worry that young children should not be online because they cannot be safe. Instead, I worry that young children who are isolated from social technologies will not learn HOW to be safe online. In our increasingly connected world, it is important for even five and six-year-olds to begin to learn what is appropriate when using technology to connect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49427\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kathycassidy/8522478858/in/photolist-dZ6W3E-4u1Qzg-6p7Ay8\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-49427 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-1020x966.jpg\" alt=\"Kathy Cassidy with her student.\" width=\"640\" height=\"606\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-1020x966.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-160x152.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-800x758.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-768x728.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-1180x1118.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-960x910.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-240x227.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-375x355.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h-520x493.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/10/8522478858_21951c49c8_h.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kathy Cassidy with her student. \u003ccite>(A student)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While I agree we need to take steps to protect children, I think it is equally important that we begin to teach them how to handle themselves in virtual settings. Having them create digital content and interact in a safe manner is essential learning for a child growing up in the Internet age. Unfortunately, we are not having many conversations about this at the level where decisions are made about education policy and practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost everyone knows the story of an adult who, because of something that was posted online, was denied a chance at a job, or lost their employment, or was censured in some way. I know of a young man who was denied a chance to compete for a coveted job in tourism because the sponsoring organization found a video of him online using profanity at a professional football game. Incidents such as this are happening more and more often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of online bullying is also gaining worldwide media attention. Many children and adults do not realize that once something is online, it stays online. You may be able to delete it from your website or Facebook page, but you must assume there will always be a record of what you posted somewhere in cyberspace. As significant as this issue has become in our lives, it will become even more important in the future as our world continues to become more connected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even 10 years ago, we could never have predicted how important the Internet and the connections it allows would become. A positive digital footprint is on its way to becoming an essential part of all our lives. Even five and six year olds can begin to understand this concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>My curriculum asks me to teach the students how to recognize potential safety risks in play areas. To my students, the Internet is a play area. Online safety is just one of the forms of safety that they need to learn to be healthy and secure as they grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When my own children were too young to cross the street on their own, I took their hand and crossed with them. As they grew, I let go of their hand and walked beside them. When they were ready, I watched as they crossed the street on their own. Finally, they were ready to do it entirely without me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When my primary-aged students begin to interact online, I do not set them loose to explore on their own. I figuratively take their hand and we do things together. After much modeling, I let the students do it while I watch. When those habits are firmly established, I watch from afar while they do it without me. I do this to ensure that they interact online in a safe and appropriate way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. I Place a High Value on Serendipity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, our classroom interactions with students far away have resulted in unforeseen learning. When we began connecting with the classroom in New Zealand, I had no idea that they lived near the ocean or that they had a volcano nearby. Those unexpected realities led to serendipitous learning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, we have “accidentally” discovered that some schools have no girls, that some people go swimming on Christmas Day and that some schools have no school buses. We’ve learned what it looks like to have a tornado drill in a classroom. Year after year, I have let the students “discover” for themselves that when we chat with students in Australia or New Zealand, it is already the next day there. The learning is much stickier when they suddenly perceive that the kids down under are having summer when we are having winter and that not everyone wears snow clothes for four months of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One day my class received a package in the mail from New Zealand. It contained some wonderful treasures such as kina and paua shells and ash from a “real” volcano. This led to more wonderful questions about why the pumice was so light and how the paua shell got to be blue inside, and why anyone would think to eat the spiky kina shellfish! More serendipity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of connections bring something to the classroom that nothing else can. Connecting globally has changed my classroom and my teaching practice in such a profound way that I feel almost claustrophobic thinking about old-style instruction. Maybe you already enjoy this same sense of freedom to connect. If not, let me introduce you to the tools I use to lower our classroom walls and welcome the world in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/kathycassidy?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kathy Cassidy\u003c/a> is a Grade One teacher for Prairie South Schools in Moose Jaw, SK, Canada, and an Apple Distinguished Educator. Since 2005, she has been integrating various technologies into her teaching practice to help “connect” her primary-grades students so they can become global learners. In addition to her widely followed \u003ca href=\"http://mscassidysclass.edublogs.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">classroom blog\u003c/a>, she writes about her professional work at \u003ca href=\"http://kathycassidy.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Primary Preoccupation\u003c/a> and for the \u003ca href=\"http://plpnetwork.com/category/voices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Voices from the Learning Revolution\u003c/a> group blog.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Parents today struggle to set screen time guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big reason is a lack of role models. Grandma doesn't have any tried-and-true sayings about iPad time. This stuff is just too new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many experts on kids and media are also parents themselves. So when I was interviewing dozens of them \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/01/29/579555277/what-kind-of-screen-time-parent-are-you-take-this-quiz-and-find-out\">for my book The Art of Screen Time\u003cem>,\u003c/em>\u003c/a> I asked them how they made screen time rules at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of them held themselves up as paragons, but it was interesting to see how the priorities they focused on in their own research corresponded with the priorities they set at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rules for the research pediatrician:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jenny Radesky is the lead author of the most recent revision of the \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/10/19/peds.2016-2591\"> guidelines on media and children\u003c/a> from the American Academy of Pediatrics. She is also the mother of two young boys, and as she says, \"We're not a tech-averse household.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband both grew up watching \"tons of TV\" and playing video games. \"We have a big flatscreen TV,\" Radesky says. \"I have a smartphone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, she says, as a doctor she may be more prone to distraction than he is: \"My husband's really good. His stuff is always just on the kitchen counter and he hardly checks it unless it rings. But if I'm on call I have my pager on. If something is an emergency that's how I can be found.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the kids, since they started school, the rule is \"no media on weekdays.\" They unplug at family dinner and before bed. They have a family movie night on Fridays, which is an example of the principle Radesky touts in her research, of \"joint media engagement,\" or simply sharing screen time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On weekends, they allow the kids cartoons, apps and games like Minecraft. But more than just limiting time, says Radesky, \"I try to help my older son be aware of the way he reacts to video games or how to interpret information we find online.\" For example, she tries to explain how he is being manipulated by games that ask him to make purchases while playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rules for the sleep researcher:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Hale is a sleep researcher at Stony Brook University in New York. She sums up her findings from over a decade of research: \"As kids and adults watch or use screens, with light shining in their eyes and close to their face, bedtime gets delayed. It takes longer to fall asleep, sleep quality is reduced and total sleep time is decreased.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hale is also the mother of two young children. She strictly enforces these rules: No screens in the hour before bed, no screens in the bedroom and no screens as part of the bedtime routine. It seems to be sinking in. When he was 4 years old, her son told his grandmother: \"You don't want to look at a screen before bed because it tells your brain to stay awake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rules for the anti-obesity doctor:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Warshawski, a pediatrician in Canada and founder of the Childhood Obesity Foundation there, has been involved in education efforts to get parents to cut back on media time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His materials promote the formula 5- 2- 1- 0. That means five servings of fruits and vegetables a day, no more than two hours of screens, one hour of physical activity, and no sugary beverages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife, also a doctor, split their pediatrics practice when their son and daughter were young so that one of them could always be home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We limited TV to an hour on weekdays after all other homework was done,\" he says. \"We said categorically no video games — my daughter didn't care, but my son thought it was extremely oppressive and unfair. Then he resigned himself. Ultimately, both of them have thanked us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rules for the media and violence researcher:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Gentile, a professor at Iowa State University, has two nearly grown daughters. He says when they were younger, he \"pretty much followed AAP guidelines: one hour a day in elementary school, two hours as they got older. But I'm much more strict on content than I am on time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, he doesn't rely on ratings. Instead, he would watch something himself before allowing his girls to see it. They were big fans of the Harry Potter books; they would wait for each movie to come out on video and then watch it in short bits, fast-forwarding through the scary parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he says, being the strict dad did once backfire in a funny way. He's a huge Star Wars fan. \"I was 13 when the original movie came out. I waited 10 years, ever since she was born, to share this pivotal, important movie with my older daughter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on his description, though, she wasn't having it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She says, 'No. All they do is fight all the way through it.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'Oh, please?'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'No, Dad.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reluctantly, Gentile saw her point: \"She had learned the lesson — if the movie is just about people fighting, it's not going to make her feel happy. She's not going to enjoy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+The+Screen+Time+Experts+Do+With+Their+Own+Kids&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Parents today struggle to set screen time guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big reason is a lack of role models. Grandma doesn't have any tried-and-true sayings about iPad time. This stuff is just too new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many experts on kids and media are also parents themselves. So when I was interviewing dozens of them \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/01/29/579555277/what-kind-of-screen-time-parent-are-you-take-this-quiz-and-find-out\">for my book The Art of Screen Time\u003cem>,\u003c/em>\u003c/a> I asked them how they made screen time rules at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of them held themselves up as paragons, but it was interesting to see how the priorities they focused on in their own research corresponded with the priorities they set at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rules for the research pediatrician:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jenny Radesky is the lead author of the most recent revision of the \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2016/10/19/peds.2016-2591\"> guidelines on media and children\u003c/a> from the American Academy of Pediatrics. She is also the mother of two young boys, and as she says, \"We're not a tech-averse household.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband both grew up watching \"tons of TV\" and playing video games. \"We have a big flatscreen TV,\" Radesky says. \"I have a smartphone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, she says, as a doctor she may be more prone to distraction than he is: \"My husband's really good. His stuff is always just on the kitchen counter and he hardly checks it unless it rings. But if I'm on call I have my pager on. If something is an emergency that's how I can be found.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the kids, since they started school, the rule is \"no media on weekdays.\" They unplug at family dinner and before bed. They have a family movie night on Fridays, which is an example of the principle Radesky touts in her research, of \"joint media engagement,\" or simply sharing screen time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On weekends, they allow the kids cartoons, apps and games like Minecraft. But more than just limiting time, says Radesky, \"I try to help my older son be aware of the way he reacts to video games or how to interpret information we find online.\" For example, she tries to explain how he is being manipulated by games that ask him to make purchases while playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rules for the sleep researcher:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren Hale is a sleep researcher at Stony Brook University in New York. She sums up her findings from over a decade of research: \"As kids and adults watch or use screens, with light shining in their eyes and close to their face, bedtime gets delayed. It takes longer to fall asleep, sleep quality is reduced and total sleep time is decreased.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hale is also the mother of two young children. She strictly enforces these rules: No screens in the hour before bed, no screens in the bedroom and no screens as part of the bedtime routine. It seems to be sinking in. When he was 4 years old, her son told his grandmother: \"You don't want to look at a screen before bed because it tells your brain to stay awake.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rules for the anti-obesity doctor:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Warshawski, a pediatrician in Canada and founder of the Childhood Obesity Foundation there, has been involved in education efforts to get parents to cut back on media time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His materials promote the formula 5- 2- 1- 0. That means five servings of fruits and vegetables a day, no more than two hours of screens, one hour of physical activity, and no sugary beverages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife, also a doctor, split their pediatrics practice when their son and daughter were young so that one of them could always be home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We limited TV to an hour on weekdays after all other homework was done,\" he says. \"We said categorically no video games — my daughter didn't care, but my son thought it was extremely oppressive and unfair. Then he resigned himself. Ultimately, both of them have thanked us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rules for the media and violence researcher:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Douglas Gentile, a professor at Iowa State University, has two nearly grown daughters. He says when they were younger, he \"pretty much followed AAP guidelines: one hour a day in elementary school, two hours as they got older. But I'm much more strict on content than I am on time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not surprisingly, he doesn't rely on ratings. Instead, he would watch something himself before allowing his girls to see it. They were big fans of the Harry Potter books; they would wait for each movie to come out on video and then watch it in short bits, fast-forwarding through the scary parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he says, being the strict dad did once backfire in a funny way. He's a huge Star Wars fan. \"I was 13 when the original movie came out. I waited 10 years, ever since she was born, to share this pivotal, important movie with my older daughter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on his description, though, she wasn't having it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She says, 'No. All they do is fight all the way through it.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'Oh, please?'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'No, Dad.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reluctantly, Gentile saw her point: \"She had learned the lesson — if the movie is just about people fighting, it's not going to make her feel happy. She's not going to enjoy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+The+Screen+Time+Experts+Do+With+Their+Own+Kids&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Teens and Tech: Distinguishing Addiction from Habit",
"title": "Teens and Tech: Distinguishing Addiction from Habit",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Look up from this screen right now. Take a look around. On a bus. In a cafe. Even at a stoplight. Chances are, most of the other people in your line of sight are staring at their phones or other devices. And if they don't happen to have one out, it is certainly tucked away in a pocket or bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are we truly addicted to technology? And what about our kids? It's a scary question, and a big one for scientists right now. Still, while the debate rages on, some doctors and technologists are focusing on solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a fairly even split in the scientific community about whether 'tech addiction' is a real thing,\" says Dr. Michael Bishop. He runs Summerland, which he calls \"a summer camp for screen overuse,\" for teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dueling diagnoses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Technology addiction\" doesn't appear in the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, the DSM-V, published in 2013. That's the Bible of the psychiatric profession in the United States. The closest it comes is something called \"Internet Gaming Disorder,\" and that is listed as a condition for further study, not an official diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This omission is important not only because it shapes therapists' and doctors' understanding of their patients, but because without an official DSM code, it is harder to bill insurers for treatment of a specific issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization has, by contrast, listed \"gaming disorder\" as a \u003ca href=\"https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1448597234\">disorder due to an addictive behavior\u003c/a> in the next edition of the International Classification of Diseases, an internationally used diagnostic manual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nicholas Kardaras is the author of the 2016 book \u003cem>Glow Kids: How Screen Addiction Is Hijacking Our Kids. \u003c/em>When I ask him about the term \"addiction\" he doesn't miss a beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are brain-imaging studies of the effects of screen time, he says. And he also has treated many teens who are so wrapped up in video games that they don't even get up to use the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the evidence is clear, but we're not ready to face it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have, as a society, gone all-in on tech,\" he says. \"So we don't want some buzz-killing truth-sayers telling us that the emperor has no clothes and that the devices that we've all so fallen in love with can be a problem\" — especially for kids and their developing brains, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addiction may not be an official term in the U.S., at least not yet. But researchers and clinicians like Bishop, who avoid using it, are still concerned about some of the patterns of behavior they see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I came to this issue out of a place of deep skepticism: addicted to video games? That can't be right,\" said Dr. Douglas Gentile at Iowa State University, who has been researching the effects of media on children for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, \"I've been forced by data to accept that it's a problem,\" he told me when I interviewed him\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/01/29/579555277/what-kind-of-screen-time-parent-are-you-take-this-quiz-and-find-out\"> for my book\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Art of Screen Time\u003c/em>. \"Addiction to video games and Internet use, defined as 'serious dysfunction in multiple aspects of your life that achieves clinical significance,' does seem to exist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring problematic use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentile's definition doesn't address the question of whether media can cause changes in your brain, or create a true physical dependency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also doesn't address the question, raised by some of the clinicians I've spoken with, of whether media overuse is best thought of as a symptom of something else, such as depression, anxiety or ADHD. Gentile's definition simply asks whether someone's relationship to media is causing problems to the extent that they would benefit from getting some help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentile was one of the co-authors of a study published in November that tried to shed more light on that question. The study \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-51599-001\">has the subtitle\u003c/a> \"A Parent Report Measure of Screen Media 'Addiction' in Children.\" Note that the term addiction is in quotes here. In the study, researchers asked parents of school-aged children to complete a questionnaire based on the criteria for \"Internet Gaming Disorder.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it asked, is their preferred media activity the only thing that puts them in a good mood? Are they angry or otherwise unhappy when forced to unplug? Is their use increasing over time? Do they sneak around to use screens? Does it interfere with family activities, friendships or school?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts I've talked to say the question of whether an adult, or a child, has a problem with technology can't be answered simply by measuring screen time. What matters most, this study suggests, is your relationship to it, and that requires looking at the full context of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeking treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though tech addiction isn't officially recognized yet in the United States, there are in-patient treatment facilities for teens that try to address the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For my book, I interviewed a teenage boy who attended a wilderness therapy program in Utah called Outback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I started playing when I was around 9 years old,\" said Griffin, whose last name I didn't use to protect his privacy. He chose email over a phone interview. \"I played because I found it fun, but after a while I played mostly because I preferred it over socializing and confronting my problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he spent weeks hiking through the wilderness, his mother saw a lot of improvement in his demeanor and focus. However, Griffin came home to a reality where he still needed a laptop for high school and still used a smartphone to connect with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop, who runs two therapeutic Summerland camps in California and North Carolina, says the teens who come to him fall into two broad categories. There are the ones, overwhelmingly boys, who spend so much time playing video games that, in his words, they \"fall behind in their social skills.\" Often they are battling depression or anxiety, or may be on the autism spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there is a group of mostly girls who misuse and overuse social media. They may be obsessed with taking selfies — Bishop calls them \"selfists\" — or they may have sent inappropriate pictures of themselves or bullied others online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the problem, \"We feel the issue is best conceptualized as a 'habit' over an 'addiction,' \" Bishop says. \"When teens think about their behavior as a habit, they are more empowered to change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labeling someone an addict, essentially saying they have a chronic disease, is a powerful move. And it may be especially dangerous for teens, who are in the process of forming their identities, says Maia Szalavitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szalavitz is an addiction expert and the author of \u003cem>Unbroken Brain: A Revolutionary New Way Of Understanding Addiction. \u003c/em>Based on her experience with drug and alcohol addiction, she thinks grouping kids together who have problems with screens can be counterproductive. Young people with milder problems may learn from their more \"deviant peers,\" she says. For that reason, she would encourage families to start with individual or family counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different habits demand different approaches to treatment. People who have problematic relationships with alcohol, drugs or gambling can choose abstinence, though it's far from easy. Those who are binge eaters, however, cannot. They must rebuild their relationships with food while continuing to eat every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In today's world, technology may be more like food than it is like alcohol. Video games or social media may be avoidable, but most students need to use computers for school assignments, build tech skills for the workplace, and learn to combat distraction and procrastination as part of growing up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can people, especially young people, forge healthier relationships with technology while continuing to use it every day? Some technologists believe that what has to happen is a change in the tech itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A public health approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tristan Harris is the cofounder of the Center for Humane Technology, an organization dedicated to pushing for more \"humane\" technology. A former \"design ethicist\" at Google, he tells NPR's Steve Inskeep that he saw the tech industry turning toward something \"less and less about actually trying to benefit people and more and more about how do we keep people hooked. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, as long as these companies make their money from advertising, they will have incentive to try to design products that maximize the time you spend using them, whether or not it makes your life better. Harris' solution is to pressure the industry to turn to new business models, such as subscription services. \"We're trying to completely change the incentives away from addiction, and the way to do that is to change the business model.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Common Sense Media, a nonprofit that offers parents research and resources on kids' media use, they are currently launching a \"Truth About Tech\" campaign that Harris compares to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/11/27/566014966/in-ads-tobacco-companies-admit-they-made-cigarettes-more-addictive\">anti-smoking campaigns\u003c/a> exposing the workings of Big Tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fighting tech with tech\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For over a decade Gabe Zichermann was a self-described \"cheerleader\" for what's called \"gamification.\" He consulted with the world's largest corporations and governments on how to make their products and policies as compelling as a video game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he says, \"There was a moment I realized that things had gone too far.\" He was in a restaurant and looked around and saw \"literally everyone was looking at their phones.\" Zichermann started thinking about his family history and about his own relationship to technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He realized that his work up to that point had been contributing to some serious social problems. Like Harris, he is concerned that in a world of ubiquitous and free content, platform and device makers make more money the more time you spend on screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, he says, results in \"a ton of compulsive behavior\" — around everything from pornography to World of Warcraft to Facebook. Feeling \"partially responsible,\" Zichermann set out to create an anti-addiction app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called Onward, and it has a number of different features and approaches in both free and paid modes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can simply monitor in the background and give you a report of your use, which for some people, says Zichermann, is enough to motivate change. Or it can share that report with someone else — say, a parent — for accountability (the app is rated for use by 13-year-olds and above).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, say you want to stop browsing Facebook during business hours. The paid mode of the app allows you to block Facebook, but it can also monitor in the background to try to predict when you \u003cem>might \u003c/em>be about to surf there. \"The idea is that when the drink is in your hand, it's too late,\" says Zichermann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that moment, the app serves up an intervention like a breathing exercise, or an invitation to get in touch with a friend. Zichermann calls this, \"a robot sitting on your shoulder — the angel of your good intention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has partnered with both UCLA Health and Columbia University Medical Center to research the efficacy of the app, and Zichermann says they plan to seek FDA approval as a so-called \"digiceutical.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In essence, Zichermann is trying to gamify balance — to keep score and offer people rewards for turning away from behavior that's become a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word \"addiction\" may currently be attracting controversy, but you don't need a doctor's official pronouncement to work on putting the devices down more often — or to encourage your kids to do so as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Screen+Addiction+Among+Teens%3A+Is+There+Such+A+Thing%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Look up from this screen right now. Take a look around. On a bus. In a cafe. Even at a stoplight. Chances are, most of the other people in your line of sight are staring at their phones or other devices. And if they don't happen to have one out, it is certainly tucked away in a pocket or bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But are we truly addicted to technology? And what about our kids? It's a scary question, and a big one for scientists right now. Still, while the debate rages on, some doctors and technologists are focusing on solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a fairly even split in the scientific community about whether 'tech addiction' is a real thing,\" says Dr. Michael Bishop. He runs Summerland, which he calls \"a summer camp for screen overuse,\" for teens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dueling diagnoses\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Technology addiction\" doesn't appear in the latest Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, the DSM-V, published in 2013. That's the Bible of the psychiatric profession in the United States. The closest it comes is something called \"Internet Gaming Disorder,\" and that is listed as a condition for further study, not an official diagnosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This omission is important not only because it shapes therapists' and doctors' understanding of their patients, but because without an official DSM code, it is harder to bill insurers for treatment of a specific issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization has, by contrast, listed \"gaming disorder\" as a \u003ca href=\"https://icd.who.int/dev11/l-m/en#/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f1448597234\">disorder due to an addictive behavior\u003c/a> in the next edition of the International Classification of Diseases, an internationally used diagnostic manual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nicholas Kardaras is the author of the 2016 book \u003cem>Glow Kids: How Screen Addiction Is Hijacking Our Kids. \u003c/em>When I ask him about the term \"addiction\" he doesn't miss a beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are brain-imaging studies of the effects of screen time, he says. And he also has treated many teens who are so wrapped up in video games that they don't even get up to use the bathroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the evidence is clear, but we're not ready to face it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have, as a society, gone all-in on tech,\" he says. \"So we don't want some buzz-killing truth-sayers telling us that the emperor has no clothes and that the devices that we've all so fallen in love with can be a problem\" — especially for kids and their developing brains, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addiction may not be an official term in the U.S., at least not yet. But researchers and clinicians like Bishop, who avoid using it, are still concerned about some of the patterns of behavior they see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I came to this issue out of a place of deep skepticism: addicted to video games? That can't be right,\" said Dr. Douglas Gentile at Iowa State University, who has been researching the effects of media on children for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, \"I've been forced by data to accept that it's a problem,\" he told me when I interviewed him\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2018/01/29/579555277/what-kind-of-screen-time-parent-are-you-take-this-quiz-and-find-out\"> for my book\u003c/a> \u003cem>The Art of Screen Time\u003c/em>. \"Addiction to video games and Internet use, defined as 'serious dysfunction in multiple aspects of your life that achieves clinical significance,' does seem to exist.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring problematic use\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentile's definition doesn't address the question of whether media can cause changes in your brain, or create a true physical dependency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also doesn't address the question, raised by some of the clinicians I've spoken with, of whether media overuse is best thought of as a symptom of something else, such as depression, anxiety or ADHD. Gentile's definition simply asks whether someone's relationship to media is causing problems to the extent that they would benefit from getting some help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gentile was one of the co-authors of a study published in November that tried to shed more light on that question. The study \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-51599-001\">has the subtitle\u003c/a> \"A Parent Report Measure of Screen Media 'Addiction' in Children.\" Note that the term addiction is in quotes here. In the study, researchers asked parents of school-aged children to complete a questionnaire based on the criteria for \"Internet Gaming Disorder.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it asked, is their preferred media activity the only thing that puts them in a good mood? Are they angry or otherwise unhappy when forced to unplug? Is their use increasing over time? Do they sneak around to use screens? Does it interfere with family activities, friendships or school?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts I've talked to say the question of whether an adult, or a child, has a problem with technology can't be answered simply by measuring screen time. What matters most, this study suggests, is your relationship to it, and that requires looking at the full context of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeking treatment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though tech addiction isn't officially recognized yet in the United States, there are in-patient treatment facilities for teens that try to address the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For my book, I interviewed a teenage boy who attended a wilderness therapy program in Utah called Outback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I started playing when I was around 9 years old,\" said Griffin, whose last name I didn't use to protect his privacy. He chose email over a phone interview. \"I played because I found it fun, but after a while I played mostly because I preferred it over socializing and confronting my problems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After he spent weeks hiking through the wilderness, his mother saw a lot of improvement in his demeanor and focus. However, Griffin came home to a reality where he still needed a laptop for high school and still used a smartphone to connect with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop, who runs two therapeutic Summerland camps in California and North Carolina, says the teens who come to him fall into two broad categories. There are the ones, overwhelmingly boys, who spend so much time playing video games that, in his words, they \"fall behind in their social skills.\" Often they are battling depression or anxiety, or may be on the autism spectrum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there is a group of mostly girls who misuse and overuse social media. They may be obsessed with taking selfies — Bishop calls them \"selfists\" — or they may have sent inappropriate pictures of themselves or bullied others online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of the problem, \"We feel the issue is best conceptualized as a 'habit' over an 'addiction,' \" Bishop says. \"When teens think about their behavior as a habit, they are more empowered to change.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labeling someone an addict, essentially saying they have a chronic disease, is a powerful move. And it may be especially dangerous for teens, who are in the process of forming their identities, says Maia Szalavitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szalavitz is an addiction expert and the author of \u003cem>Unbroken Brain: A Revolutionary New Way Of Understanding Addiction. \u003c/em>Based on her experience with drug and alcohol addiction, she thinks grouping kids together who have problems with screens can be counterproductive. Young people with milder problems may learn from their more \"deviant peers,\" she says. For that reason, she would encourage families to start with individual or family counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different habits demand different approaches to treatment. People who have problematic relationships with alcohol, drugs or gambling can choose abstinence, though it's far from easy. Those who are binge eaters, however, cannot. They must rebuild their relationships with food while continuing to eat every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In today's world, technology may be more like food than it is like alcohol. Video games or social media may be avoidable, but most students need to use computers for school assignments, build tech skills for the workplace, and learn to combat distraction and procrastination as part of growing up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How can people, especially young people, forge healthier relationships with technology while continuing to use it every day? Some technologists believe that what has to happen is a change in the tech itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A public health approach\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tristan Harris is the cofounder of the Center for Humane Technology, an organization dedicated to pushing for more \"humane\" technology. A former \"design ethicist\" at Google, he tells NPR's Steve Inskeep that he saw the tech industry turning toward something \"less and less about actually trying to benefit people and more and more about how do we keep people hooked. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, as long as these companies make their money from advertising, they will have incentive to try to design products that maximize the time you spend using them, whether or not it makes your life better. Harris' solution is to pressure the industry to turn to new business models, such as subscription services. \"We're trying to completely change the incentives away from addiction, and the way to do that is to change the business model.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Common Sense Media, a nonprofit that offers parents research and resources on kids' media use, they are currently launching a \"Truth About Tech\" campaign that Harris compares to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/11/27/566014966/in-ads-tobacco-companies-admit-they-made-cigarettes-more-addictive\">anti-smoking campaigns\u003c/a> exposing the workings of Big Tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fighting tech with tech\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For over a decade Gabe Zichermann was a self-described \"cheerleader\" for what's called \"gamification.\" He consulted with the world's largest corporations and governments on how to make their products and policies as compelling as a video game.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he says, \"There was a moment I realized that things had gone too far.\" He was in a restaurant and looked around and saw \"literally everyone was looking at their phones.\" Zichermann started thinking about his family history and about his own relationship to technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He realized that his work up to that point had been contributing to some serious social problems. Like Harris, he is concerned that in a world of ubiquitous and free content, platform and device makers make more money the more time you spend on screens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This, he says, results in \"a ton of compulsive behavior\" — around everything from pornography to World of Warcraft to Facebook. Feeling \"partially responsible,\" Zichermann set out to create an anti-addiction app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's called Onward, and it has a number of different features and approaches in both free and paid modes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can simply monitor in the background and give you a report of your use, which for some people, says Zichermann, is enough to motivate change. Or it can share that report with someone else — say, a parent — for accountability (the app is rated for use by 13-year-olds and above).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, say you want to stop browsing Facebook during business hours. The paid mode of the app allows you to block Facebook, but it can also monitor in the background to try to predict when you \u003cem>might \u003c/em>be about to surf there. \"The idea is that when the drink is in your hand, it's too late,\" says Zichermann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that moment, the app serves up an intervention like a breathing exercise, or an invitation to get in touch with a friend. Zichermann calls this, \"a robot sitting on your shoulder — the angel of your good intention.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has partnered with both UCLA Health and Columbia University Medical Center to research the efficacy of the app, and Zichermann says they plan to seek FDA approval as a so-called \"digiceutical.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In essence, Zichermann is trying to gamify balance — to keep score and offer people rewards for turning away from behavior that's become a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word \"addiction\" may currently be attracting controversy, but you don't need a doctor's official pronouncement to work on putting the devices down more often — or to encourage your kids to do so as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Screen+Addiction+Among+Teens%3A+Is+There+Such+A+Thing%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/08/11/the-connections-between-computer-use-and-learning-outcomes-in-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lack of clear evidence\u003c/a> that adding technology to classrooms makes them more effective has dimmed some of the excitement around its potential to radically transform learning. Advocates for technology are quick to point out that \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2042.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">implementation matters\u003c/a>, and getting the most out of technology that allows students to create, collaborate and connect across space and time will require \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/08/06/what-are-the-most-powerful-uses-of-tech-for-learning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fundamental shifts in teaching\u003c/a>. Skeptics, meanwhile, worry that precious education dollars are spent on expensive technology that strips the learning environment of important social dimensions, instead \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/22/shifting-tactics-rocketship-changes-computer-lab-model/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">isolating students on screens\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is truth in both sides of the argument. And \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/11/06/its-time-for-a-deeper-conversation-about-how-schools-use-technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lack of clarity \u003c/a>about how to ensure technology lives up to its potential has led harried teachers to question whether it’s worth their time to change everything they do in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators in Horry County, South Carolina have gone through this cycle of excitement about technology followed by a period of rethinking their strategy over the past few years. “We expected to see things dramatically move towards the use of technology in a very productive, constructive, critical way,” said Jeanie Dailey, a social studies learning specialist for the district. “And I don’t think that happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers found, as many others have, that at points devices were distractions to students, they had a tendency to make learning more individualistic, and that adults can’t assume because students have grown up with technology they automatically know how to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/05/24/teaching-respect-and-responsibility-even-to-digital-natives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">use devices productively\u003c/a>. “The piece that was making me so sad was that the kids weren’t being challenged to think collaboratively using these tools,” Dailey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'One of the things that has been a guiding principle of my career is we don't know the talents and strengths of the students in our room.'\u003ccite>Jeanie Dailey, social studies specialist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Dailey and a team of social studies teachers think they may have found a tool that gives them the flexibility to hold onto best practices they’ve long used, while leveraging computing power. \u003ca href=\"https://versolearning.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Verso Learning\u003c/a> is an Australian company that describes itself as a tool to help teachers take learning from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/06/14/how-do-you-know-when-a-teaching-strategy-is-most-effective-john-hattie-has-an-idea/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surface level to deep thinking\u003c/a> quickly. It’s basically an online communication platform, but Dailey and her team have found it has elevated the quality of thinking and discussion happening in middle school classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never lost sight of the fact that true literacy is listening, speaking, reading and writing,” said Dailey, who has taught for 40 years. “It’s real simple, but we don’t do it. So I see this as an extension of the work I’ve done in my career. Verso excites me, quite frankly. It gets back to some of the basics, but it has a 21st century feel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dailey has plenty of experience teaching these basic tenets of literacy without technology, but she has found elements of the virtual environment on Verso to be particularly powerful for highlighting unexpected pockets of brilliance in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CMLab3sUN2w\" frameborder=\"0\" gesture=\"media\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that has been a guiding principle of my career is we don’t know the talents and strengths of the students in our room,” Dailey said. “We know the high flyers and we know the ones who don’t perform well.” Because students can interact anonymously on Verso’s platform, and they can’t see other students’ responses until they’ve shared one of their own, Dailey sees more participation and more interaction between students who may never work together otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many tools that intend to keep students within the program as much as possible, Verso is designed to meld face-to-face interaction with online collaboration. Verso CEO Phil Stubbs says often when teachers first experiment with Verso they make the mistake of using it as an online question asking tool. Stubbs likes to say, “We want to see kids not at their first thinking, but at their best thinking,” something he believes only happens when they’ve been exposed to the ideas of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a typical activity middle school social studies teachers use starts with a provocative, open-ended question that drives at a hard-to-grasp or core concept in the curriculum. For seventh graders in Horry County studying global history, that prompt might be: What was the biggest cause of the French Revolution?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are given time to jot down their initial thoughts on paper and then they share their thinking in a small group. Only after they’ve had this initial opportunity to activate their thinking and interact with peers do students begin typing an answer into Verso – getting at what Stubbs would call their best thinking in that moment. Student responses to the question show up anonymously; after sharing their own response students are usually required to read and respond to several of their peers, also anonymously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, teachers can easily group students based on their responses to the question. For example, they may put students who agree into a group and then ask them to discuss their thinking in face-to-face groups before collaboratively writing a statement that synthesizes the arguments each member made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Some of the things they said were very deep thinking -- it was pretty awesome.'\u003ccite>Jennifer Wilson, seventh grade social studies teacher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If you can take kids to a synthesis level in one class, you’ve done a great job,” said Dailey, who is constantly pushing the teachers she coaches to remember that despite the massive amount of content social studies teachers have to cover in a year, none of it will make a lasting impact without deeper thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We run the danger of making it very low level questioning, very right/wrong answer questioning, multiple choice type responses and assessments,” Dailey said. “We run the risk in that kind of environment of forgetting what the big picture is -- that we want to make all kids college and career ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Samantha House, a seventh grade social studies teacher at St. James Middle School (a public school in Horry County), structuring the lesson so there are multiple points of collaboration helps all learners feel comfortable participating. “By the time it’s no longer anonymous they’ve had a lot of opportunities to see correct answers,” House said. “So they’ve learned from their peers.” And, just as importantly in her mind, many of her shy students, as well as those who struggle, have seen their ideas validated by anonymous peer responses. That makes them feel more confident to speak up during small group or whole-class discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Jwv2BpisDcuHIdM3Qd7iJV7KSKN2X5VT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on House and other teachers realized that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/10/15/developing-students-ability-to-give-and-take-effective-feedback/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">students didn’t know how to give one another substantive feedback\u003c/a>. When asked to comment on one another’s contributions in Verso students would write unhelpful things like, “I agree.” In response, teachers started giving them sentence starters to agree, disagree or extend another person’s idea. House says she’s seen an improvement in the academic vocabulary students use when responding to each other. And she's beginning to see that online practice spill over into the conversations students have in-person too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first House worried that an anonymous online discussion forum like Verso would lead to inappropriate or bullying comments, but she’s been surprised that the only comments her students flag are ones that don’t appropriately use the sentence starters for good feedback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Jennifer Wilson first tried Verso with her seventh graders at Aynor Middle she hadn’t had any professional development. She used the tool as a space for students to make a claim about the book they were reading and back it up with evidence. That worked well, but she’s even more excited about the collaborative structures she has since learned through professional development. She says the Verso activities work best when she asks a meaty, open-ended question and pairs work in Verso with the Kagan cooperative structures teachers in this district have been using for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example Wilson asked students which founding document was most important to the country: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, or the Bill of Rights (students understood the Bill of Rights is part of the Constitution, but thought it should be considered on its own). To formulate answers students had to understand the differences in the documents and make evidence-based arguments. “Some of the things they said were very deep thinking -- it was pretty awesome,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said preparing Verso lessons takes time because she has to plan a pre-Verso activity to get students thinking on their own, come up with a rich provocation or question for the Verso, and then make sure students debrief afterwards. She uses Verso once every two weeks, but she thinks the practice there is spilling over into students’ writing and academic discourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using Verso can be a bit more challenging when there’s a broad array of abilities in the classroom. “With high level honors students that works beautifully,” said Annette Nerone, a seventh grade social studies teacher at Myrtle Beach Middle School. “It’s not as simple with lower-level kids because now you're introducing a lot of different processes in one lesson.” Nerone has more English language learners and kids with special needs in her classes and she finds they need more support with Verso activities because they require so much reading and writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The higher level students can jump right in and they’ll basically do it on their own and the conversations are amazing. But with my lower level students, they need more support along the way,” Nerone said. She helps them by simplifying the instructions, offering sentence frames, and giving them lists of helpful vocabulary to include in their answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also likes to start activities by having students work together so that the kids who understand more English can help their peers understand the question and documents. Despite the inherent challenges of working with students who are struggling with the language, Nerone says students are proud when they write a response in Verso and see it pop up in the class dialogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nerone particularly likes using Verso in conjunction with the Kagan structures. She finds students enjoy the face-to-face interactions. “They’ll write interesting things to one another, but I think it’s kind of like human beings emailing back and forth. When you take the human side out of it you lose so much,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verso CEO Phil Stubbs agrees that the collaboration piece is key to making Verso a deep learning experience. His team has baked collaborative structures into the \u003ca href=\"https://versolearning.com/campus-features/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">premium version\u003c/a> of the technology with features like lesson builders, recipe cards, the ability to connect with other teachers, and other \u003ca href=\"https://versolearning.com/teaching-resources/sample-activities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professional development\u003c/a>. “You can only move from best to better if you have collaborative structures,” Stubbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeanie Dailey has appreciated Stubbs’ commitment to collaboration and the student experience. She knows his job is to sell a product, but she’s found him to be a helpful thought partner as she’s worked with classroom teachers on how to get the most out of the tool in Horry County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me the exciting piece is if you can create a model that teachers can follow, step by step by step, you can change how they think about the construction of knowledge,” Dailey said. She believes the model they are following gets students to go from a surface knowledge of a subject to a deeper level of synthesis and reflection in one 60-minute class period. And some teachers even take it a step further, asking kids to think metacognitively about how the comments and suggestions of peers changed their thinking on a topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dailey won’t have data until students take the standardized social studies exam in the spring, but she’s hoping all the writing they’ve done in Verso will boost their performance on the document-based questions. She says seeing improvement on test scores would be nice, but her real goals are bigger than that: “What I want to do as a social studies leader is help provide students with experiences that are enriching to them, that makes them better thinkers, deeper thinkers, more curious thinkers.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2016/08/11/the-connections-between-computer-use-and-learning-outcomes-in-students/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lack of clear evidence\u003c/a> that adding technology to classrooms makes them more effective has dimmed some of the excitement around its potential to radically transform learning. Advocates for technology are quick to point out that \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR2042.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">implementation matters\u003c/a>, and getting the most out of technology that allows students to create, collaborate and connect across space and time will require \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2014/08/06/what-are-the-most-powerful-uses-of-tech-for-learning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fundamental shifts in teaching\u003c/a>. Skeptics, meanwhile, worry that precious education dollars are spent on expensive technology that strips the learning environment of important social dimensions, instead \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/01/22/shifting-tactics-rocketship-changes-computer-lab-model/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">isolating students on screens\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is truth in both sides of the argument. And \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/11/06/its-time-for-a-deeper-conversation-about-how-schools-use-technology/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lack of clarity \u003c/a>about how to ensure technology lives up to its potential has led harried teachers to question whether it’s worth their time to change everything they do in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators in Horry County, South Carolina have gone through this cycle of excitement about technology followed by a period of rethinking their strategy over the past few years. “We expected to see things dramatically move towards the use of technology in a very productive, constructive, critical way,” said Jeanie Dailey, a social studies learning specialist for the district. “And I don’t think that happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teachers found, as many others have, that at points devices were distractions to students, they had a tendency to make learning more individualistic, and that adults can’t assume because students have grown up with technology they automatically know how to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2013/05/24/teaching-respect-and-responsibility-even-to-digital-natives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">use devices productively\u003c/a>. “The piece that was making me so sad was that the kids weren’t being challenged to think collaboratively using these tools,” Dailey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'One of the things that has been a guiding principle of my career is we don't know the talents and strengths of the students in our room.'\u003ccite>Jeanie Dailey, social studies specialist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Dailey and a team of social studies teachers think they may have found a tool that gives them the flexibility to hold onto best practices they’ve long used, while leveraging computing power. \u003ca href=\"https://versolearning.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Verso Learning\u003c/a> is an Australian company that describes itself as a tool to help teachers take learning from the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/06/14/how-do-you-know-when-a-teaching-strategy-is-most-effective-john-hattie-has-an-idea/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surface level to deep thinking\u003c/a> quickly. It’s basically an online communication platform, but Dailey and her team have found it has elevated the quality of thinking and discussion happening in middle school classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve never lost sight of the fact that true literacy is listening, speaking, reading and writing,” said Dailey, who has taught for 40 years. “It’s real simple, but we don’t do it. So I see this as an extension of the work I’ve done in my career. Verso excites me, quite frankly. It gets back to some of the basics, but it has a 21st century feel.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dailey has plenty of experience teaching these basic tenets of literacy without technology, but she has found elements of the virtual environment on Verso to be particularly powerful for highlighting unexpected pockets of brilliance in the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CMLab3sUN2w\" frameborder=\"0\" gesture=\"media\" allow=\"encrypted-media\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that has been a guiding principle of my career is we don’t know the talents and strengths of the students in our room,” Dailey said. “We know the high flyers and we know the ones who don’t perform well.” Because students can interact anonymously on Verso’s platform, and they can’t see other students’ responses until they’ve shared one of their own, Dailey sees more participation and more interaction between students who may never work together otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike many tools that intend to keep students within the program as much as possible, Verso is designed to meld face-to-face interaction with online collaboration. Verso CEO Phil Stubbs says often when teachers first experiment with Verso they make the mistake of using it as an online question asking tool. Stubbs likes to say, “We want to see kids not at their first thinking, but at their best thinking,” something he believes only happens when they’ve been exposed to the ideas of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a typical activity middle school social studies teachers use starts with a provocative, open-ended question that drives at a hard-to-grasp or core concept in the curriculum. For seventh graders in Horry County studying global history, that prompt might be: What was the biggest cause of the French Revolution?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are given time to jot down their initial thoughts on paper and then they share their thinking in a small group. Only after they’ve had this initial opportunity to activate their thinking and interact with peers do students begin typing an answer into Verso – getting at what Stubbs would call their best thinking in that moment. Student responses to the question show up anonymously; after sharing their own response students are usually required to read and respond to several of their peers, also anonymously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, teachers can easily group students based on their responses to the question. For example, they may put students who agree into a group and then ask them to discuss their thinking in face-to-face groups before collaboratively writing a statement that synthesizes the arguments each member made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'Some of the things they said were very deep thinking -- it was pretty awesome.'\u003ccite>Jennifer Wilson, seventh grade social studies teacher\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“If you can take kids to a synthesis level in one class, you’ve done a great job,” said Dailey, who is constantly pushing the teachers she coaches to remember that despite the massive amount of content social studies teachers have to cover in a year, none of it will make a lasting impact without deeper thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We run the danger of making it very low level questioning, very right/wrong answer questioning, multiple choice type responses and assessments,” Dailey said. “We run the risk in that kind of environment of forgetting what the big picture is -- that we want to make all kids college and career ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Samantha House, a seventh grade social studies teacher at St. James Middle School (a public school in Horry County), structuring the lesson so there are multiple points of collaboration helps all learners feel comfortable participating. “By the time it’s no longer anonymous they’ve had a lot of opportunities to see correct answers,” House said. “So they’ve learned from their peers.” And, just as importantly in her mind, many of her shy students, as well as those who struggle, have seen their ideas validated by anonymous peer responses. That makes them feel more confident to speak up during small group or whole-class discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early on House and other teachers realized that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2017/10/15/developing-students-ability-to-give-and-take-effective-feedback/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">students didn’t know how to give one another substantive feedback\u003c/a>. When asked to comment on one another’s contributions in Verso students would write unhelpful things like, “I agree.” In response, teachers started giving them sentence starters to agree, disagree or extend another person’s idea. House says she’s seen an improvement in the academic vocabulary students use when responding to each other. And she's beginning to see that online practice spill over into the conversations students have in-person too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first House worried that an anonymous online discussion forum like Verso would lead to inappropriate or bullying comments, but she’s been surprised that the only comments her students flag are ones that don’t appropriately use the sentence starters for good feedback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Jennifer Wilson first tried Verso with her seventh graders at Aynor Middle she hadn’t had any professional development. She used the tool as a space for students to make a claim about the book they were reading and back it up with evidence. That worked well, but she’s even more excited about the collaborative structures she has since learned through professional development. She says the Verso activities work best when she asks a meaty, open-ended question and pairs work in Verso with the Kagan cooperative structures teachers in this district have been using for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example Wilson asked students which founding document was most important to the country: the Declaration of Independence, the Constitution, or the Bill of Rights (students understood the Bill of Rights is part of the Constitution, but thought it should be considered on its own). To formulate answers students had to understand the differences in the documents and make evidence-based arguments. “Some of the things they said were very deep thinking -- it was pretty awesome,” Wilson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said preparing Verso lessons takes time because she has to plan a pre-Verso activity to get students thinking on their own, come up with a rich provocation or question for the Verso, and then make sure students debrief afterwards. She uses Verso once every two weeks, but she thinks the practice there is spilling over into students’ writing and academic discourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using Verso can be a bit more challenging when there’s a broad array of abilities in the classroom. “With high level honors students that works beautifully,” said Annette Nerone, a seventh grade social studies teacher at Myrtle Beach Middle School. “It’s not as simple with lower-level kids because now you're introducing a lot of different processes in one lesson.” Nerone has more English language learners and kids with special needs in her classes and she finds they need more support with Verso activities because they require so much reading and writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The higher level students can jump right in and they’ll basically do it on their own and the conversations are amazing. But with my lower level students, they need more support along the way,” Nerone said. She helps them by simplifying the instructions, offering sentence frames, and giving them lists of helpful vocabulary to include in their answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also likes to start activities by having students work together so that the kids who understand more English can help their peers understand the question and documents. Despite the inherent challenges of working with students who are struggling with the language, Nerone says students are proud when they write a response in Verso and see it pop up in the class dialogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nerone particularly likes using Verso in conjunction with the Kagan structures. She finds students enjoy the face-to-face interactions. “They’ll write interesting things to one another, but I think it’s kind of like human beings emailing back and forth. When you take the human side out of it you lose so much,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Verso CEO Phil Stubbs agrees that the collaboration piece is key to making Verso a deep learning experience. His team has baked collaborative structures into the \u003ca href=\"https://versolearning.com/campus-features/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">premium version\u003c/a> of the technology with features like lesson builders, recipe cards, the ability to connect with other teachers, and other \u003ca href=\"https://versolearning.com/teaching-resources/sample-activities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">professional development\u003c/a>. “You can only move from best to better if you have collaborative structures,” Stubbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeanie Dailey has appreciated Stubbs’ commitment to collaboration and the student experience. She knows his job is to sell a product, but she’s found him to be a helpful thought partner as she’s worked with classroom teachers on how to get the most out of the tool in Horry County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me the exciting piece is if you can create a model that teachers can follow, step by step by step, you can change how they think about the construction of knowledge,” Dailey said. She believes the model they are following gets students to go from a surface knowledge of a subject to a deeper level of synthesis and reflection in one 60-minute class period. And some teachers even take it a step further, asking kids to think metacognitively about how the comments and suggestions of peers changed their thinking on a topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\"If something on their desk or in their pocket dings, rings or vibrates — they will lose focus.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Students are doing so much in class, distraction and disruption isn't really something I worry about.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How should teachers — both K-12 and college — deal with the use of computers and phones by students in class?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, those sleek little supercomputers promise to connect us to all human knowledge. On the other hand, they are also scientifically designed by some of the world's top geniuses to feel as compelling as oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does that leave teachers? Should you ban these devices in the classroom? Let students go whole hog? Or is there a happy medium?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly simple topic ends up being what one professor and pedagogy expert calls \"a Rorschach test for so much that's going on in education.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, the California state teachers' pension fund weighed in — as a large investor in Apple, the makers of the iPhone. In an open letter, along with another activist shareholder, they\u003ca href=\"https://thinkdifferentlyaboutkids.com/\"> called on the company\u003c/a> to study digital distraction among youth and to make it easier to limit young people's use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter cited a national survey that found two-thirds of K-12 teachers said the number of students who are negatively distracted by digital technologies in the classroom is growing. Of those teachers surveyed, 75 percent said students' ability to focus on educational tasks has decreased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research at the college level backs that up; a small, 2017 study \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/students-are-better-off-without-a-laptop-in-the-classroom/\">at the University of Michigan\u003c/a> found students in an introductory psychology course spent up to a third of class time surfing the web to non-academic sites — even though they knew that the researchers were tracking their computer use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds ominous. But the debate over devices in the classroom has many more perspectives. I spoke with four professors, a high school teacher, a psychiatrist and a technologist to get a range of different views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No way, no how\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allia Griffin teaches in the Department of Ethnic Studies at Santa Clara University in California. Her policy is simple: \"Phones/devices must be turned off and not visible during class time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her reason is simple too: \"Phones are distracting. My experience has been that no matter how invested a student may be in a class discussion or lecture, if something on their desk or in their pocket dings, rings or vibrates — they will lose focus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she worries about missed opportunities to socialize face-to-face. \"Beyond being distracting, students also use phones/laptops/devices as objects to hide behind to avoid participating in class or interacting with their peers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequently, Griffin adds, \"I will walk into a classroom on the first day of the quarter and will find 30 students sitting silently in their seats and individually texting or Instagram-ing on their phones. This is a tragic scene. The college classroom is ... a unique space to exchange ideas and thoughts and develop the ability to communicate with a variety of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Candy\" is unhealthy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine Welzenbach teaches high school chemistry in Overland Park, Kan. She, too, bans cellphones — and even backpacks, where phones often hide — in her classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These devices are worse than distracting, she says. They can connect teens to cyberbullying, hate speech, sexting and other \"unhealthy\" experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welzenbach is vocal about her stance, despite what she calls \"shaming\" of teachers like herself who take a hard line. \"Teachers who see cell phones as distractions are often labeled as being 'unengaging.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She understands the argument that teens need to learn to use the Internet appropriately. But she uses healthy eating as an analogy: Don't give kids unlimited access to \"Halloween candy and Christmas cookies while they are still learning to eat a balanced diet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Distraction has an upside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you're really talking about when you talk about laptop bans, says Jesse Stommel, is student freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ultimately, I see strict laptop policies (and especially blanket bans) as a form of control,\" explains Stommel, who directs the Division of Teaching and Learning Technologies at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, he tells NPR, is a bad thing. \"I don't think the attention of students is actually something teachers can or should control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stommel, who's been engaged in many debates over laptop bans on Twitter, calls the issue \"weirdly divisive\" but also, in the end, \"a red herring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of an \"authoritarian approach,\" he suggests a conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can talk to students about attention and have them talk to us about how attention works for them,\" Stommel says. \"This is the kind of metacognitive work that is the stuff of learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Distraction, he adds, can actually be a gateway to learning. It can be necessary for \"peak experiences like making connections, having epiphanies, understanding abstract concepts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may also be times, he says, that the phone or computer can be an in-class tool. \"We can also ask students to use their devices in ways that help them and the rest of the class, looking up a confusing term, polling their friends on Facebook about a topic we're discussing or taking collaborative notes in an open document.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, says Stommel, there may be times and places to shut it down, too: \"We can ask students to close their laptops at particular moments, recognizing that it is useful to learn different things, at different times, in different ways.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embrace diversity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Prendergast, a professor of English at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, also believes that blanket bans are a bad idea. But her concern is a little different than Stommel's. She's thinking about students with special needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Federal law, including the Americans with Disabilities Act [ADA], extends to protect students' classrooms,\" she tells NPR. \"If a student needs to use a laptop as an accommodation, they have a right to do so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But making the student ask to bring a laptop could be seen as an invasion of privacy, Prendergast says. Better to allow them for all: \"The ADA enjoins us to affirmatively seek to remove barriers to education and to make our classrooms more inclusive, not less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Some students need to be device-free\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victoria Dunckley, a Los Angeles-based psychiatrist and the author of \u003cem>Reset Your Child's Brain,\u003c/em> has a different perspective. She prescribes strict limits on screen time to young people who are suffering from a variety of psychological ills. She says she's encountered \"pushback\" when trying to shield her patients from using devices at schools that have integrated them into the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If your students are distracted, then improve your teaching \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Bruff is a mathematician and director of the Center for Teaching at Vanderbilt University in Nashville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says research finds that note-taking by hand can lead to better recall than note-taking by typing on a computer. The reason is that when you write more slowly by hand, you have to think through what you're hearing and put down only the most important bits; touch-typers tend to transcribe what a person is saying without doing much processing of what they're hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Bruff adds, comparing those two scenarios misses a point that's backed up by even more research: Lecturing while someone takes notes is not a very engaging or effective mode of teaching to begin with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're going to spend 80 to 100 percent of your class time lecturing, phones are going to be distracting to students,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What works much better? Getting students to collaborate and debate in small groups, for one thing. He's also seen anecdotally that, \"If you give students something productive and on-topic to do with their devices,\" it reduces idle browsing. He calls this the \"Google jockey\" approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Stommel, he believes there is a time and a place for laptops and phones, but also a time and place to exclude them. \"Sometimes you want three students around a piece of paper.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fight technology with technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alanna Harvey is the co-founder and marketing director of Flipd, a phone app that limits the use of your phone. You can set a timer to lock yourself out of all functions except for basic texts and phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after launch, they noticed that college students were among their biggest user base, and began aiming the app at educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our research and discussions with customers have consistently found that digital distractions are negatively impacting the learning experience for students and educators,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey argues that Flipd offers a fresh, not coercive approach. Rather than instituting a ban, the company encourages professors to offer extra credit for installing the app and using it during class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highly engaging lesson plans, as Bruff advocates, are all well and good, but they're no match for the latest game or social network, Harvey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of the most engaging professors I know are Flipd customers,\" she says. \"Which I believe suggests that the problem isn't the professor, it may not even be the students, but it's the devices we know that are designed to influence and manipulate our behavior in many ways.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bring policies in line with values\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Warner, who teaches English at the College of Charleston in South Carolina, has been on both sides of the device divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as four years ago he had a policy of \"no laptops in class, except for specific, designated activities,\" and banned cell phones except for emergencies. But after engaging in debates online with Stommel and others, his position shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sees himself as \"more of a catalyst for learning, rather than a conduit of information.\" In order to live up to that value, he in turn needed his students to be what he calls \"self-governing\" over technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner says it's been working well. He has small writing classes, with about 20 students, and he almost never asks them to simply sit and take notes. \"Students are doing so much in class,\" he says, \"distraction and disruption isn't really something I worry about. They're too busy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Laptops+And+Phones+In+The+Classroom%3A+Yea%2C+Nay+Or+A+Third+Way%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\"If something on their desk or in their pocket dings, rings or vibrates — they will lose focus.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"Students are doing so much in class, distraction and disruption isn't really something I worry about.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How should teachers — both K-12 and college — deal with the use of computers and phones by students in class?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the one hand, those sleek little supercomputers promise to connect us to all human knowledge. On the other hand, they are also scientifically designed by some of the world's top geniuses to feel as compelling as oxygen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does that leave teachers? Should you ban these devices in the classroom? Let students go whole hog? Or is there a happy medium?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly simple topic ends up being what one professor and pedagogy expert calls \"a Rorschach test for so much that's going on in education.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, the California state teachers' pension fund weighed in — as a large investor in Apple, the makers of the iPhone. In an open letter, along with another activist shareholder, they\u003ca href=\"https://thinkdifferentlyaboutkids.com/\"> called on the company\u003c/a> to study digital distraction among youth and to make it easier to limit young people's use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter cited a national survey that found two-thirds of K-12 teachers said the number of students who are negatively distracted by digital technologies in the classroom is growing. Of those teachers surveyed, 75 percent said students' ability to focus on educational tasks has decreased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research at the college level backs that up; a small, 2017 study \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/students-are-better-off-without-a-laptop-in-the-classroom/\">at the University of Michigan\u003c/a> found students in an introductory psychology course spent up to a third of class time surfing the web to non-academic sites — even though they knew that the researchers were tracking their computer use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds ominous. But the debate over devices in the classroom has many more perspectives. I spoke with four professors, a high school teacher, a psychiatrist and a technologist to get a range of different views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No way, no how\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allia Griffin teaches in the Department of Ethnic Studies at Santa Clara University in California. Her policy is simple: \"Phones/devices must be turned off and not visible during class time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her reason is simple too: \"Phones are distracting. My experience has been that no matter how invested a student may be in a class discussion or lecture, if something on their desk or in their pocket dings, rings or vibrates — they will lose focus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she worries about missed opportunities to socialize face-to-face. \"Beyond being distracting, students also use phones/laptops/devices as objects to hide behind to avoid participating in class or interacting with their peers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frequently, Griffin adds, \"I will walk into a classroom on the first day of the quarter and will find 30 students sitting silently in their seats and individually texting or Instagram-ing on their phones. This is a tragic scene. The college classroom is ... a unique space to exchange ideas and thoughts and develop the ability to communicate with a variety of people.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"Candy\" is unhealthy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine Welzenbach teaches high school chemistry in Overland Park, Kan. She, too, bans cellphones — and even backpacks, where phones often hide — in her classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These devices are worse than distracting, she says. They can connect teens to cyberbullying, hate speech, sexting and other \"unhealthy\" experiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Welzenbach is vocal about her stance, despite what she calls \"shaming\" of teachers like herself who take a hard line. \"Teachers who see cell phones as distractions are often labeled as being 'unengaging.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She understands the argument that teens need to learn to use the Internet appropriately. But she uses healthy eating as an analogy: Don't give kids unlimited access to \"Halloween candy and Christmas cookies while they are still learning to eat a balanced diet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Distraction has an upside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you're really talking about when you talk about laptop bans, says Jesse Stommel, is student freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ultimately, I see strict laptop policies (and especially blanket bans) as a form of control,\" explains Stommel, who directs the Division of Teaching and Learning Technologies at the University of Mary Washington in Fredericksburg, Va.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, he tells NPR, is a bad thing. \"I don't think the attention of students is actually something teachers can or should control.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stommel, who's been engaged in many debates over laptop bans on Twitter, calls the issue \"weirdly divisive\" but also, in the end, \"a red herring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of an \"authoritarian approach,\" he suggests a conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can talk to students about attention and have them talk to us about how attention works for them,\" Stommel says. \"This is the kind of metacognitive work that is the stuff of learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Distraction, he adds, can actually be a gateway to learning. It can be necessary for \"peak experiences like making connections, having epiphanies, understanding abstract concepts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There may also be times, he says, that the phone or computer can be an in-class tool. \"We can also ask students to use their devices in ways that help them and the rest of the class, looking up a confusing term, polling their friends on Facebook about a topic we're discussing or taking collaborative notes in an open document.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, says Stommel, there may be times and places to shut it down, too: \"We can ask students to close their laptops at particular moments, recognizing that it is useful to learn different things, at different times, in different ways.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embrace diversity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Prendergast, a professor of English at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, also believes that blanket bans are a bad idea. But her concern is a little different than Stommel's. She's thinking about students with special needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Federal law, including the Americans with Disabilities Act [ADA], extends to protect students' classrooms,\" she tells NPR. \"If a student needs to use a laptop as an accommodation, they have a right to do so.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But making the student ask to bring a laptop could be seen as an invasion of privacy, Prendergast says. Better to allow them for all: \"The ADA enjoins us to affirmatively seek to remove barriers to education and to make our classrooms more inclusive, not less.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> Some students need to be device-free\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victoria Dunckley, a Los Angeles-based psychiatrist and the author of \u003cem>Reset Your Child's Brain,\u003c/em> has a different perspective. She prescribes strict limits on screen time to young people who are suffering from a variety of psychological ills. She says she's encountered \"pushback\" when trying to shield her patients from using devices at schools that have integrated them into the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If your students are distracted, then improve your teaching \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Derek Bruff is a mathematician and director of the Center for Teaching at Vanderbilt University in Nashville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says research finds that note-taking by hand can lead to better recall than note-taking by typing on a computer. The reason is that when you write more slowly by hand, you have to think through what you're hearing and put down only the most important bits; touch-typers tend to transcribe what a person is saying without doing much processing of what they're hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Bruff adds, comparing those two scenarios misses a point that's backed up by even more research: Lecturing while someone takes notes is not a very engaging or effective mode of teaching to begin with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're going to spend 80 to 100 percent of your class time lecturing, phones are going to be distracting to students,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What works much better? Getting students to collaborate and debate in small groups, for one thing. He's also seen anecdotally that, \"If you give students something productive and on-topic to do with their devices,\" it reduces idle browsing. He calls this the \"Google jockey\" approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Stommel, he believes there is a time and a place for laptops and phones, but also a time and place to exclude them. \"Sometimes you want three students around a piece of paper.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fight technology with technology\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alanna Harvey is the co-founder and marketing director of Flipd, a phone app that limits the use of your phone. You can set a timer to lock yourself out of all functions except for basic texts and phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after launch, they noticed that college students were among their biggest user base, and began aiming the app at educators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our research and discussions with customers have consistently found that digital distractions are negatively impacting the learning experience for students and educators,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey argues that Flipd offers a fresh, not coercive approach. Rather than instituting a ban, the company encourages professors to offer extra credit for installing the app and using it during class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highly engaging lesson plans, as Bruff advocates, are all well and good, but they're no match for the latest game or social network, Harvey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of the most engaging professors I know are Flipd customers,\" she says. \"Which I believe suggests that the problem isn't the professor, it may not even be the students, but it's the devices we know that are designed to influence and manipulate our behavior in many ways.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bring policies in line with values\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Warner, who teaches English at the College of Charleston in South Carolina, has been on both sides of the device divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As recently as four years ago he had a policy of \"no laptops in class, except for specific, designated activities,\" and banned cell phones except for emergencies. But after engaging in debates online with Stommel and others, his position shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He sees himself as \"more of a catalyst for learning, rather than a conduit of information.\" In order to live up to that value, he in turn needed his students to be what he calls \"self-governing\" over technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner says it's been working well. He has small writing classes, with about 20 students, and he almost never asks them to simply sit and take notes. \"Students are doing so much in class,\" he says, \"distraction and disruption isn't really something I worry about. They're too busy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Laptops+And+Phones+In+The+Classroom%3A+Yea%2C+Nay+Or+A+Third+Way%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tending toddlers can require endless reserves of energy. Just ask Huyen Le, supervisor of a family resource center in San Jose, California. After a full day’s work managing children’s reading programs and parenting workshops, she returns home to her own two-year-old daughter, Katelynn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do a lot in our center. Sometimes, I forget to do it with my kid at home,” Le says. Seeking inspiration, she turns to her phone where, for the last 10 months, she’s been receiving text messages with simple educational games, tips on how to engage with Katelynn and reminders of simple learning activities they can do together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The texts come from a team of researchers at Stanford University’s \u003ca href=\"https://cepa.stanford.edu/cepalabs/tipsbytext\">Center for Education Policy Analysis (CEPA) Labs\u003c/a>. Each message goes out to parents or other caregivers and reminds them of the skills young children will eventually need for school and how to help kids build them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is inspired in part by “nudge” techniques, that is, behavioral interventions that push a person during decision-making towards a certain goal. For example, many employers nudge you to save for retirement by contributing a portion of your paycheck to a 401k. You could always opt out, but making saving a default decision spares you the task of regularly choosing how much to put away – it lightens your cognitive load, so to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nudges could have a powerful effect on education. Parental engagement can be a major factor in a student’s success or failure – and parents tend to have a lot on their minds. So several researchers are exploring how a simple text-based nudge to parents could improve their kids’ academic performance by making engagement easier and even habitual for parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Peter Bergman, at Teachers College, Columbia University, found that in one West Virginia school district, simply keeping parents in the loop, through texting, as to their child’s absences and grades \u003ca href=\"http://www.columbia.edu/~psb2101/ParentRCT.pdf\">could cut course failures for middle and high school students by nearly 40 percent\u003c/a>. (The Hechinger Report is an independently funded unit of Teachers College.) Reminders made monitoring a child easier, thus increasing the odds mom or dad would stay involved in a kid’s educational life. Texting, Bergman explains, while not the only communication option, is a wide-reaching, effective and inexpensive medium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program Le participates in aims at parents of much younger children. Three times a week, researchers from CEPA Labs send parents and other caregivers suggestions on how to support children’s literacy, numeracy and social and emotional skills. Bath time, walks in the park and familiar household interactions become opportunities for children to learn and practice concepts they will later use in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a Monday message might flag an important domain (“children need to know the letters to learn how to read & write”); a Wednesday text might provide a related learning activity (such as asking a child to find the first letter in his or her name on signs or labels); and a Friday message might offer encouragement (“Keep pointing out the letters. You’re preparing your child 4 K [Kindergarten]!”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results thus far are encouraging. \u003ca href=\"https://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/One%20Step%20CEPA%20Working%20Paper%206%201%2017.pdf\">In an analysis of 935 families\u003c/a> with children in preschool in the San Francisco Unified School District, Loeb and her colleagues found that after eight months, teachers noted that text-receiving parents asked more questions about their child’s progress than other adults, and the kids themselves improved their literacy skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long run it tells us we can positively affect parenting, particularly for kids who have traditionally not been as well served,” says Stanford professor of education Susannah Loeb. In fact, language skills advanced most among kids who started the program with the lowest scores in a literacy assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These approaches work, explains University of Chicago professor Ariel Kalil, because they gradually reshape a parent’s routine and habits. Kalil, who co-directs the Behavioral Insights and Parenting Lab, has found that low-income parents know what they \u003cem>should \u003c/em>do with their kids – such as reading more books or practicing counting – but fail to follow through as other parts of their life get in the way. “The issue is basically habit formation, you have a gap between wanting to do something and actually doing it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the lab’s other co-director, University of Chicago professor Susan Mayer, Kalil is also exploring text-based nudges for low-income families. For instance, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w21602\">six-week study involving 169 parents\u003c/a>, Kalil and Mayer gave families tablets preloaded with more than 500 children’s stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of participating parents were asked to set weekly goals for how much time they would spend reading to kids, and then received texts with reminders of those targets, progress reports on meeting the aims and even notification when they spent the most time reading of any parent in the study in a given week. The other families received a tablet but no additional reading prompts. At the end of the intervention, the adults who had received the extra nudges spent more than twice as much time reading each week with their kids – a difference of 89 minutes on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If all of this reminds you of FitBit, but for family time, you’re right. In fact, both Loeb and Kalil make that comparison. Regular reminders of your progress, tips to achieve goals and, yes, gentle social pressure are all nudges that fitness trackers use to not just get you moving but also make walking habitual. If your device breaks, perhaps you won’t make 10,000 steps a day, but you’ll have created a routine that makes it likely you’ll hit, say, 7,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that respect, the texting-based education interventions can also stick. Kalil and Mayer found that three months after their experiment had wrapped up and the tablets had been taken away, the parents who had received nudges were \u003cem>still\u003c/em> spending twice as much time reading to their kids as the other families who participated. Building on those successes, Kalil and Mayer are exploring interventions aimed at parents’ math skills, math anxiety and improving preschool attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps because these interventions help parents achieve their goals in a collaborative, not paternalistic, spirit, families across these programs seem to appreciate the reminders. Le, who has helped enroll other caregivers at center where she works into the Stanford program, says, “They really enjoy receiving the texts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She herself likes having a record of activities to try with Katelynn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good to have it in the phone,” she says, where she can save a message for later if she can’t act on a tip right away. Given the many demands of parenthood, it can be nice to know that even when things become overwhelming someone will gently nudge you back on track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>, the nonprofit, independent news website focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.us2.list-manage2.com/subscribe?u=66c306eebb323868c3ce353c1&id=a4f3e0748b\">\u003cem>Sign up for our newsletter.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tending toddlers can require endless reserves of energy. Just ask Huyen Le, supervisor of a family resource center in San Jose, California. After a full day’s work managing children’s reading programs and parenting workshops, she returns home to her own two-year-old daughter, Katelynn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do a lot in our center. Sometimes, I forget to do it with my kid at home,” Le says. Seeking inspiration, she turns to her phone where, for the last 10 months, she’s been receiving text messages with simple educational games, tips on how to engage with Katelynn and reminders of simple learning activities they can do together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The texts come from a team of researchers at Stanford University’s \u003ca href=\"https://cepa.stanford.edu/cepalabs/tipsbytext\">Center for Education Policy Analysis (CEPA) Labs\u003c/a>. Each message goes out to parents or other caregivers and reminds them of the skills young children will eventually need for school and how to help kids build them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The approach is inspired in part by “nudge” techniques, that is, behavioral interventions that push a person during decision-making towards a certain goal. For example, many employers nudge you to save for retirement by contributing a portion of your paycheck to a 401k. You could always opt out, but making saving a default decision spares you the task of regularly choosing how much to put away – it lightens your cognitive load, so to speak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nudges could have a powerful effect on education. Parental engagement can be a major factor in a student’s success or failure – and parents tend to have a lot on their minds. So several researchers are exploring how a simple text-based nudge to parents could improve their kids’ academic performance by making engagement easier and even habitual for parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Peter Bergman, at Teachers College, Columbia University, found that in one West Virginia school district, simply keeping parents in the loop, through texting, as to their child’s absences and grades \u003ca href=\"http://www.columbia.edu/~psb2101/ParentRCT.pdf\">could cut course failures for middle and high school students by nearly 40 percent\u003c/a>. (The Hechinger Report is an independently funded unit of Teachers College.) Reminders made monitoring a child easier, thus increasing the odds mom or dad would stay involved in a kid’s educational life. Texting, Bergman explains, while not the only communication option, is a wide-reaching, effective and inexpensive medium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program Le participates in aims at parents of much younger children. Three times a week, researchers from CEPA Labs send parents and other caregivers suggestions on how to support children’s literacy, numeracy and social and emotional skills. Bath time, walks in the park and familiar household interactions become opportunities for children to learn and practice concepts they will later use in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, a Monday message might flag an important domain (“children need to know the letters to learn how to read & write”); a Wednesday text might provide a related learning activity (such as asking a child to find the first letter in his or her name on signs or labels); and a Friday message might offer encouragement (“Keep pointing out the letters. You’re preparing your child 4 K [Kindergarten]!”).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Results thus far are encouraging. \u003ca href=\"https://cepa.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/One%20Step%20CEPA%20Working%20Paper%206%201%2017.pdf\">In an analysis of 935 families\u003c/a> with children in preschool in the San Francisco Unified School District, Loeb and her colleagues found that after eight months, teachers noted that text-receiving parents asked more questions about their child’s progress than other adults, and the kids themselves improved their literacy skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the long run it tells us we can positively affect parenting, particularly for kids who have traditionally not been as well served,” says Stanford professor of education Susannah Loeb. In fact, language skills advanced most among kids who started the program with the lowest scores in a literacy assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These approaches work, explains University of Chicago professor Ariel Kalil, because they gradually reshape a parent’s routine and habits. Kalil, who co-directs the Behavioral Insights and Parenting Lab, has found that low-income parents know what they \u003cem>should \u003c/em>do with their kids – such as reading more books or practicing counting – but fail to follow through as other parts of their life get in the way. “The issue is basically habit formation, you have a gap between wanting to do something and actually doing it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the lab’s other co-director, University of Chicago professor Susan Mayer, Kalil is also exploring text-based nudges for low-income families. For instance, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nber.org/papers/w21602\">six-week study involving 169 parents\u003c/a>, Kalil and Mayer gave families tablets preloaded with more than 500 children’s stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half of participating parents were asked to set weekly goals for how much time they would spend reading to kids, and then received texts with reminders of those targets, progress reports on meeting the aims and even notification when they spent the most time reading of any parent in the study in a given week. The other families received a tablet but no additional reading prompts. At the end of the intervention, the adults who had received the extra nudges spent more than twice as much time reading each week with their kids – a difference of 89 minutes on average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If all of this reminds you of FitBit, but for family time, you’re right. In fact, both Loeb and Kalil make that comparison. Regular reminders of your progress, tips to achieve goals and, yes, gentle social pressure are all nudges that fitness trackers use to not just get you moving but also make walking habitual. If your device breaks, perhaps you won’t make 10,000 steps a day, but you’ll have created a routine that makes it likely you’ll hit, say, 7,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that respect, the texting-based education interventions can also stick. Kalil and Mayer found that three months after their experiment had wrapped up and the tablets had been taken away, the parents who had received nudges were \u003cem>still\u003c/em> spending twice as much time reading to their kids as the other families who participated. Building on those successes, Kalil and Mayer are exploring interventions aimed at parents’ math skills, math anxiety and improving preschool attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps because these interventions help parents achieve their goals in a collaborative, not paternalistic, spirit, families across these programs seem to appreciate the reminders. Le, who has helped enroll other caregivers at center where she works into the Stanford program, says, “They really enjoy receiving the texts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She herself likes having a record of activities to try with Katelynn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s good to have it in the phone,” she says, where she can save a message for later if she can’t act on a tip right away. Given the many demands of parenthood, it can be nice to know that even when things become overwhelming someone will gently nudge you back on track.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.org/\">The Hechinger Report\u003c/a>, the nonprofit, independent news website focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hechingerreport.us2.list-manage2.com/subscribe?u=66c306eebb323868c3ce353c1&id=a4f3e0748b\">\u003cem>Sign up for our newsletter.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "4 Tools to Help Empower Kids to Stand Up for What's Right",
"title": "4 Tools to Help Empower Kids to Stand Up for What's Right",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Compared to some of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/blog/we-all-teach-sel-inspiring-activities-for-every-classroom\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the other social and emotional learning (SEL) strengths\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, there's limited research on courage. For some psychologists, however, what defines courage is clear: To be courageous is to identify a meaningful goal and make the choice to reach it, despite personal risk. But what's \"meaningful\"? Values vary widely, and some who might feel they're exhibiting courage instead exhibit what Cynthia Pury calls \"bad courage,\" which she describes as \"\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/when_courage_goes_bad\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bravery in pursuit of goals that result in the destruction of oneself or of other people\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For our kids, it's important that they not only stand up for their convictions but also think critically about what's right and fight for equity and justice for all people. By being critical, courageous, confident and independent, kids \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.salemnews.com/news/local_news/two-students-speak-out-against-anti-semitic-symbol/article_b71bafaa-2f42-5e0b-8efc-67f0267f389b.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">can change their schools\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the world, emerging as better decision-makers more prepared to face adversity and support and defend uncommon -- yet just -- views. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Check out these picks to help kids find and amplify their unique voices.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/app/sit-with-us\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-49979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/app/sit-with-us\">\u003cb>Sit With Us\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This social app, created by a teen, takes a stand against bullying and helps kids find a seat at lunch. If used regularly in a school, students can break out of their traditional friend groups and search for new, welcoming tables. Students can take it further by becoming ambassadors and leaders who host open lunches for others. Kids can be a force for change with this tool, breaking down the barriers between peers who normally don't interact with each other.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/the-harry-potter-alliance\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-49977\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/the-harry-potter-alliance\">\u003cb>The Harry Potter Alliance\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By starting HPA chapters, students can work with supportive communities to do \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thehpalliance.org/campaign\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">good work\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and make the world a better place. This non-profit organization hosts online campaigns and events that encourage kids to take action on social issues such as gender equality and literacy. Students can even attend Wizard Activist School to help them build the skills necessary to lead and empower others. Through skill-building and community, kids will be able to tackle social justice head-on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/youth-voices\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-49980\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth.jpg 369w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/youth-voices\">\u003cb>Youth Voices\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this online community, kids can explore provocative issues such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthvoices.live/category/homelessness/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">homelessness\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthvoices.live/category/racism/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">racism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and then create poems, stories, and video conversations to argue their point of view. Students can rally others to comment on their message and start an online discussion. By providing an authentic audience for student writing, this social network can help students connect to young writers with various interests and build a portfolio of independent thought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/inspired\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-49978\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/inspired\">\u003cb>inspirED\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">inspirED acts as a resource for lessons that build social and emotional skills and promote a student-led community in schools. Along with the uplifting activities that give students strategies for feeling more energized and empowered, teachers can help students organize an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://inspired.fb.com/teams/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">inspirED team\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This team can work together to make an impact on the entire school community; kids can come together and blend their unique voices to lead the school in positive change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article’s content is an extension of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/blog/we-all-teach-sel-inspiring-activities-for-every-classroom\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We All Teach SEL\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> blog series from Common Sense Education. Check it out for a complete look at social and emotional learning in the classroom.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "These apps and digital tools selected by Common Sense Education can enable students to help lonely kids during lunchtime or find social causes they care about. ",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/\">Danny Wagner, Common Sense Education\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Compared to some of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/blog/we-all-teach-sel-inspiring-activities-for-every-classroom\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the other social and emotional learning (SEL) strengths\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, there's limited research on courage. For some psychologists, however, what defines courage is clear: To be courageous is to identify a meaningful goal and make the choice to reach it, despite personal risk. But what's \"meaningful\"? Values vary widely, and some who might feel they're exhibiting courage instead exhibit what Cynthia Pury calls \"bad courage,\" which she describes as \"\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/when_courage_goes_bad\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bravery in pursuit of goals that result in the destruction of oneself or of other people\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For our kids, it's important that they not only stand up for their convictions but also think critically about what's right and fight for equity and justice for all people. By being critical, courageous, confident and independent, kids \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.salemnews.com/news/local_news/two-students-speak-out-against-anti-semitic-symbol/article_b71bafaa-2f42-5e0b-8efc-67f0267f389b.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">can change their schools\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and the world, emerging as better decision-makers more prepared to face adversity and support and defend uncommon -- yet just -- views. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Check out these picks to help kids find and amplify their unique voices.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/app/sit-with-us\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-49979\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/sitwithus-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/app/sit-with-us\">\u003cb>Sit With Us\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This social app, created by a teen, takes a stand against bullying and helps kids find a seat at lunch. If used regularly in a school, students can break out of their traditional friend groups and search for new, welcoming tables. Students can take it further by becoming ambassadors and leaders who host open lunches for others. Kids can be a force for change with this tool, breaking down the barriers between peers who normally don't interact with each other.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/the-harry-potter-alliance\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-49977\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/harry-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/the-harry-potter-alliance\">\u003cb>The Harry Potter Alliance\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">By starting HPA chapters, students can work with supportive communities to do \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thehpalliance.org/campaign\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">good work\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and make the world a better place. This non-profit organization hosts online campaigns and events that encourage kids to take action on social issues such as gender equality and literacy. Students can even attend Wizard Activist School to help them build the skills necessary to lead and empower others. Through skill-building and community, kids will be able to tackle social justice head-on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/youth-voices\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-49980\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth.jpg 369w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/youth-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/youth-voices\">\u003cb>Youth Voices\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In this online community, kids can explore provocative issues such as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthvoices.live/category/homelessness/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">homelessness\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.youthvoices.live/category/racism/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">racism\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and then create poems, stories, and video conversations to argue their point of view. Students can rally others to comment on their message and start an online discussion. By providing an authentic audience for student writing, this social network can help students connect to young writers with various interests and build a portfolio of independent thought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/inspired\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-49978\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2018/01/inspired-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/website/inspired\">\u003cb>inspirED\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">inspirED acts as a resource for lessons that build social and emotional skills and promote a student-led community in schools. Along with the uplifting activities that give students strategies for feeling more energized and empowered, teachers can help students organize an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://inspired.fb.com/teams/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">inspirED team\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. This team can work together to make an impact on the entire school community; kids can come together and blend their unique voices to lead the school in positive change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article’s content is an extension of the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/blog/we-all-teach-sel-inspiring-activities-for-every-classroom\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We All Teach SEL\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> blog series from Common Sense Education. Check it out for a complete look at social and emotional learning in the classroom.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Parents Can Help Kids Navigate the Pressures of Their Digital Lives",
"title": "How Parents Can Help Kids Navigate the Pressures of Their Digital Lives",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>As adults witness the rising tides of teenaged anxiety, it’s tough not to notice a common thread that runs through the epidemic — something that past generations never dealt with. Clutched in the hand of nearly every teen is a smartphone, buzzing and beeping and blinking with social media notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents, all too often, just want to grab their teen’s phone and stuff it in a drawer. But is social media and the omnipresence of digital interactions really the cause of all this anxiety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer is: It’s complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies have noted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/parenting/wp/2017/12/13/digital-double-standards-youre-probably-making-as-a-parent/\" rel=\"nofollow\">significant uptick in depression and suicidal thoughts\u003c/a> over the past several years for teens, especially those who spend multiple hours a day using screens, and especially girls. But many of the pressures teenagers feel from social media are actually consistent with developmentally normal concerns around social standing and self-expression. Social media can certainly exacerbate these anxieties, but for parents to truly help their children cope, they should avoid making a blanket condemnation. Instead, parents should tailor their approach to the individual, learning where a particular child's stressors lie and how that child can best gain control of this alluring, powerful way to connect with peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Link Between Social Media and Mental Health Concerns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many experts have described a rise in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/\" rel=\"nofollow\">sleeplessness, loneliness, worry, and dependence\u003c/a> among teenagers — a rise that coincides with the release of the first iPhone 10 years ago. One \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2167702617723376\" rel=\"nofollow\">study\u003c/a> found that 48 percent of teens who spend five hours per day on an electronic device have at least one suicide risk factor, compared to 33 percent of teens who spend two hours a day on an electronic device. We’ve all heard anecdotes, too, of teens being reduced to tears from the constant communication and comparisons that social media invites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through likes and follows, teens are \"getting actual data on how much people like them and their appearance,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://childmind.org/bio/lindsey-giller-psyd/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Lindsey Giller\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at the \u003ca href=\"https://childmind.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Child Mind Institute\u003c/a> who specializes in youth and young adults with mood disorders. \"And you're not having any break from that technology.\" She's seen teens with anxiety, poor self-esteem, insecurity, and sadness attributed, at least in part, to constant social media use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teenage Challenges and Stressors, Exacerbated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the connection between anxiety and social media might not be simple, or purely negative. Correlation does not equal causation; it may be that depression and anxiety lead to more social media use, for example, rather than the other way around. There could also be an unknown third variable — for instance, academic pressures or economic concerns — connecting them, or teens could simply be more likely to admit to mental health concerns now than they were in previous generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also important to remember that teens experience social media in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/17/09/insta\">wide range of ways\u003c/a>. The ability to raise awareness, connect with people across the world, and share moments of beauty can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2017/08/smartphones_haven_t_destroyed_a_generation.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">empowering and uplifting\u003c/a> for some. And many teens understand that the images they see are curated snapshots, not real-life indicators, and are less likely to let those posts make them feel insecure about their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above all, says researcher \u003ca href=\"https://www.gse.harvard.edu/node/493341\" rel=\"nofollow\">Emily Weinstein\u003c/a>, who studies teens and their social media habits, parents need to keep in mind that it’s probably not \u003cem>just\u003c/em> social media that’s making their teens anxious — it’s the normal social stressors that these platforms facilitate, albeit at a different size and scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many of the behaviors we’re talking about have pre-digital corollaries,” says Weinstein, a postdoctoral fellow at the \u003ca>Harvard Graduate School of Education\u003c/a>. “They’re the same sort of developmental challenges that adolescents have grappled with for decades, though now they’re taking place in different spaces that can certainly amplify them and shift their quality, quantity, and scale.“\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But the idea of wanting to fit in, the critical importance of peer relationships, and the process of figuring out which version of yourself you want to be and how you want to express that identity to others — those features of adolescence are not new.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Triggering about Social Media?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYouth and technology expert \u003ca href=\"https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/alenhart\" rel=\"nofollow\">Amanda Lenhart\u003c/a>’s 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/06/teens-technology-and-friendships/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Pew study\u003c/a> of teens, technology, and friendships reveals a range of social media-induced stressors:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Seeing people posting about events to which you haven’t been invited\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feeling pressure to post positive and attractive content about yourself\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feeling pressure to get comments and likes on your posts\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Having someone post things about you that you cannot change or control\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In analyses of thousands of adolescents’ reactions to digital stressors, Weinstein and her colleagues have found even more challenges:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Feeling replaceable: If you don’t respond to a best friend’s picture quickly or effusively enough, will she find a better friend?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Too much communication: A boyfriend or girlfriend wants you to be texting far more often than you’re comfortable with.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Digital “FOMO”: If you’re not up-to-date on the latest social media posts, will it prevent you from feeling like you can participate in real-life conversations at school the next day?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Attachment to actual devices: If your phone is out of reach, will your privacy be invaded? Will you miss a message from a friend when he needs you?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For Parents, Strategies on Mitigating Anxiety — Without Overreacting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many different stressors, a key piece of advice for parents is to individualize your approach. In the same way that different teenagers need different types of social support from their parents, they need different types of digital support, as well. Weinstein suggests that if your teen seems irritable or overwhelmed by social media, pay attention to what specifically is causing those feelings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giller agrees. \"Really check in with your teen about what's going on,\" she says. Parents can and should help support and problem-solve with their teen, but they should also offer validation about how difficult these situations can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relatedly, don’t just take your teen’s phone away if you suspect drama. Doing so won’t get to the heart of the social issue at play — and it could potentially make your teen more upset by separating her from her friends and other aspects of digital media she enjoys. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as a family, you can also set screen-free times — whether it’s every evening after 9 p.m., on the car ride to school, an occasional screen-free weekend, or longer stretches over vacations and camps. “Many teens say they appreciate” these chances, says education writer \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/302894536/anya-kamenetz\" rel=\"nofollow\">Anya Kamenetz\u003c/a>, whose upcoming book \u003ca href=\"http://www.anyakamenetz.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u003cem>The Art of Screen Time: How Your Family Can Balance Digital Media and Real Life\u003c/em>\u003c/a> explores these issues in-depth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant part of your teen’s phone habits may be related to her parents, too. “Be good role models in your own use of tech,” advises Kamenetz. That means being mindful of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/parenting/wp/2017/12/13/digital-double-standards-youre-probably-making-as-a-parent/?utm_term=.a71377bb9bf3\" rel=\"nofollow\">your own distracted habit \u003c/a>of reaching for your cell, but it also means rejecting the isolation that screen time can generate. Make digital media an opportunity for real-life social opportunities, she says. Share some media activities with your teenager — playing games, watching YouTube clips, or reading up on mutual interests together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in most situations, it’s best to work \u003cem>with\u003c/em> your teen to set social media expectations. “You want to build consensus and get their buy-in,” says Kamenetz. Constant surveillance or control won’t build trust. Make it an open, mutual discussion. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You want to get teens to put their devices down on their own, says Weinstein, “so that you’re helping them build their ability to manage their interactions with and through technology.” And that’s increasingly looking like a key life skill that we’ll all need to develop, now and into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/leahjshafer\">Leah Shafer\u003c/a> is a staff writer for \u003ca href=\"https://www.gse.harvard.edu/uk\">Usable Knowledge\u003c/a>, which translates education research and well-tested practices so they’re accessible to practitioners, policymakers, and parents. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gse.harvard.edu/uk\">Usable Knowledge \u003c/a>is based at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As adults witness the rising tides of teenaged anxiety, it’s tough not to notice a common thread that runs through the epidemic — something that past generations never dealt with. Clutched in the hand of nearly every teen is a smartphone, buzzing and beeping and blinking with social media notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents, all too often, just want to grab their teen’s phone and stuff it in a drawer. But is social media and the omnipresence of digital interactions really the cause of all this anxiety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The short answer is: It’s complicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent studies have noted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/parenting/wp/2017/12/13/digital-double-standards-youre-probably-making-as-a-parent/\" rel=\"nofollow\">significant uptick in depression and suicidal thoughts\u003c/a> over the past several years for teens, especially those who spend multiple hours a day using screens, and especially girls. But many of the pressures teenagers feel from social media are actually consistent with developmentally normal concerns around social standing and self-expression. Social media can certainly exacerbate these anxieties, but for parents to truly help their children cope, they should avoid making a blanket condemnation. Instead, parents should tailor their approach to the individual, learning where a particular child's stressors lie and how that child can best gain control of this alluring, powerful way to connect with peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Link Between Social Media and Mental Health Concerns\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many experts have described a rise in \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/\" rel=\"nofollow\">sleeplessness, loneliness, worry, and dependence\u003c/a> among teenagers — a rise that coincides with the release of the first iPhone 10 years ago. One \u003ca href=\"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2167702617723376\" rel=\"nofollow\">study\u003c/a> found that 48 percent of teens who spend five hours per day on an electronic device have at least one suicide risk factor, compared to 33 percent of teens who spend two hours a day on an electronic device. We’ve all heard anecdotes, too, of teens being reduced to tears from the constant communication and comparisons that social media invites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through likes and follows, teens are \"getting actual data on how much people like them and their appearance,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://childmind.org/bio/lindsey-giller-psyd/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Lindsey Giller\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at the \u003ca href=\"https://childmind.org/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Child Mind Institute\u003c/a> who specializes in youth and young adults with mood disorders. \"And you're not having any break from that technology.\" She's seen teens with anxiety, poor self-esteem, insecurity, and sadness attributed, at least in part, to constant social media use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teenage Challenges and Stressors, Exacerbated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the connection between anxiety and social media might not be simple, or purely negative. Correlation does not equal causation; it may be that depression and anxiety lead to more social media use, for example, rather than the other way around. There could also be an unknown third variable — for instance, academic pressures or economic concerns — connecting them, or teens could simply be more likely to admit to mental health concerns now than they were in previous generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also important to remember that teens experience social media in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/17/09/insta\">wide range of ways\u003c/a>. The ability to raise awareness, connect with people across the world, and share moments of beauty can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/technology/future_tense/2017/08/smartphones_haven_t_destroyed_a_generation.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">empowering and uplifting\u003c/a> for some. And many teens understand that the images they see are curated snapshots, not real-life indicators, and are less likely to let those posts make them feel insecure about their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above all, says researcher \u003ca href=\"https://www.gse.harvard.edu/node/493341\" rel=\"nofollow\">Emily Weinstein\u003c/a>, who studies teens and their social media habits, parents need to keep in mind that it’s probably not \u003cem>just\u003c/em> social media that’s making their teens anxious — it’s the normal social stressors that these platforms facilitate, albeit at a different size and scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So many of the behaviors we’re talking about have pre-digital corollaries,” says Weinstein, a postdoctoral fellow at the \u003ca>Harvard Graduate School of Education\u003c/a>. “They’re the same sort of developmental challenges that adolescents have grappled with for decades, though now they’re taking place in different spaces that can certainly amplify them and shift their quality, quantity, and scale.“\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But the idea of wanting to fit in, the critical importance of peer relationships, and the process of figuring out which version of yourself you want to be and how you want to express that identity to others — those features of adolescence are not new.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Triggering about Social Media?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYouth and technology expert \u003ca href=\"https://cyber.harvard.edu/people/alenhart\" rel=\"nofollow\">Amanda Lenhart\u003c/a>’s 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/06/teens-technology-and-friendships/\" rel=\"nofollow\">Pew study\u003c/a> of teens, technology, and friendships reveals a range of social media-induced stressors:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Seeing people posting about events to which you haven’t been invited\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feeling pressure to post positive and attractive content about yourself\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feeling pressure to get comments and likes on your posts\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Having someone post things about you that you cannot change or control\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>In analyses of thousands of adolescents’ reactions to digital stressors, Weinstein and her colleagues have found even more challenges:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Feeling replaceable: If you don’t respond to a best friend’s picture quickly or effusively enough, will she find a better friend?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Too much communication: A boyfriend or girlfriend wants you to be texting far more often than you’re comfortable with.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Digital “FOMO”: If you’re not up-to-date on the latest social media posts, will it prevent you from feeling like you can participate in real-life conversations at school the next day?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Attachment to actual devices: If your phone is out of reach, will your privacy be invaded? Will you miss a message from a friend when he needs you?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>For Parents, Strategies on Mitigating Anxiety — Without Overreacting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many different stressors, a key piece of advice for parents is to individualize your approach. In the same way that different teenagers need different types of social support from their parents, they need different types of digital support, as well. Weinstein suggests that if your teen seems irritable or overwhelmed by social media, pay attention to what specifically is causing those feelings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giller agrees. \"Really check in with your teen about what's going on,\" she says. Parents can and should help support and problem-solve with their teen, but they should also offer validation about how difficult these situations can be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Relatedly, don’t just take your teen’s phone away if you suspect drama. Doing so won’t get to the heart of the social issue at play — and it could potentially make your teen more upset by separating her from her friends and other aspects of digital media she enjoys. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as a family, you can also set screen-free times — whether it’s every evening after 9 p.m., on the car ride to school, an occasional screen-free weekend, or longer stretches over vacations and camps. “Many teens say they appreciate” these chances, says education writer \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/302894536/anya-kamenetz\" rel=\"nofollow\">Anya Kamenetz\u003c/a>, whose upcoming book \u003ca href=\"http://www.anyakamenetz.net/\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u003cem>The Art of Screen Time: How Your Family Can Balance Digital Media and Real Life\u003c/em>\u003c/a> explores these issues in-depth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A significant part of your teen’s phone habits may be related to her parents, too. “Be good role models in your own use of tech,” advises Kamenetz. That means being mindful of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/parenting/wp/2017/12/13/digital-double-standards-youre-probably-making-as-a-parent/?utm_term=.a71377bb9bf3\" rel=\"nofollow\">your own distracted habit \u003c/a>of reaching for your cell, but it also means rejecting the isolation that screen time can generate. Make digital media an opportunity for real-life social opportunities, she says. Share some media activities with your teenager — playing games, watching YouTube clips, or reading up on mutual interests together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in most situations, it’s best to work \u003cem>with\u003c/em> your teen to set social media expectations. “You want to build consensus and get their buy-in,” says Kamenetz. Constant surveillance or control won’t build trust. Make it an open, mutual discussion. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You want to get teens to put their devices down on their own, says Weinstein, “so that you’re helping them build their ability to manage their interactions with and through technology.” And that’s increasingly looking like a key life skill that we’ll all need to develop, now and into the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/leahjshafer\">Leah Shafer\u003c/a> is a staff writer for \u003ca href=\"https://www.gse.harvard.edu/uk\">Usable Knowledge\u003c/a>, which translates education research and well-tested practices so they’re accessible to practitioners, policymakers, and parents. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gse.harvard.edu/uk\">Usable Knowledge \u003c/a>is based at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Critical Thinking Skills to Help Students Better Evaluate Scientific Claims",
"title": "Critical Thinking Skills to Help Students Better Evaluate Scientific Claims",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Michelle Joyce doesn’t shy away from politicized science topics such as climate change. In fact, she works to equip seniors at Palmetto Ridge High School in Naples, Florida with the skills to accurately evaluate those topics on their own. Along with teaching chemistry and physics, she offers a class called “thinking skills” where students solve logic and math puzzles while also enhancing their media literacy. Students go beyond just learning about legitimate sources of information on the internet and delve into just how the information is put together in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But teaching students those critical thinking skills only as they’re about to depart for college can be too little too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really hard thing to teach within the space of everything else that you need to teach in a classroom,” Joyce said. “It’s crucial that we teach it as early as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet has no shortage of dubious information; and the ability to evaluate health and science claims is a subset of media literacy. With the abundance of health/science content students may only see via social media, kids are ill-equipped to discern hype from real science.\u003ca href=\"https://sheg.stanford.edu/civic-online-reasoning/evaluating-evidence\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2550\" height=\"3300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment.png 2550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-160x207.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-800x1035.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-768x994.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-1020x1320.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-1180x1527.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-960x1242.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-240x311.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-375x485.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-520x673.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one recent \u003ca href=\"https://purl.stanford.edu/fv751yt5934\">study\u003c/a> by the Stanford History Education Group, 170 high school students were shown a photo of flowers growing fused together and asked if that provided strong evidence on the conditions outside the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Students with mastery of media literacy would argue this was not sufficient evidence because there is no information on the source of the photo or where the flowers were photographed. However, less than 20 percent of the students responding made that argument. Nearly 40 percent argued that the picture alone was strong evidence for conditions outside the nuclear plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are swimming in bullsh-t and lots of different claims about what helps or harms us,” said Dr. Andrew Oxman, director of research at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. “Everybody needs to figure out which claims are trustworthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>START EARLY\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these critical thinking concepts are not difficult but need to become habits adopted early in life, which is why Oxman first tried them out in his children’s elementary school classrooms. One way to teach how science is made is to let the children experience and figure it out for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxman gave students a bag of M&Ms and told them that some kids thought the red ones helped them study better but others got stomach aches. He instructed students to evaluate these claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They figured out very quickly, you have to compare like to like,” said Oxman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most revealing aspect of this lesson was how quickly students understood the pitfalls of setting up a randomized study. The teacher mentioned they could set random assignments much like they do in gym class where they set up teams by alternating students in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids started laughing because they understood right away that doesn’t work,” said Oxman. Students learned they can sabotage randomization in picking teams by setting up a line so they are one student away from their friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In research jargon, we referred to that as ‘concealed allocation’ and it’s a concept that takes time to explain to health professionals but the kids understood it right away intuitively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through this experiment students quickly figured out they had to measure things exactly same. They discovered the flaws of using small samples and being misled by games of chance, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxman has since taken this idea of teaching young children concepts of evaluating science to a much larger scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teaching Health Claims\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and a global team of researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.informedhealthchoices.org/the-ihc-team/\">Informed Health Choices\u003c/a> developed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31226-6/fulltext?elsca1=tlpr\">study\u003c/a> of some 10,000 Ugandan fifth-graders to see if a simple \u003ca href=\"http://www.informedhealthchoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IHC-V3-Childrens-Book-and-Cover-Des2016_lowres.pdf\">comic book \u003c/a>on evaluating health claims could provide students with the skills to make better choices about their health. The comic book begins by describing how one child -- who has burned his finger -- sticks his wound into dung to heal it. The finger gets infected and he visits Professors “Fair” and “Compare” and begins to learn about how to question and evaluate the health advice he receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49883\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 564px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.informedhealthchoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IHC-V3-Childrens-Book-and-Cover-Des2016_lowres.pdf\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-49883 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"564\" height=\"830\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1.png 564w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1-160x235.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1-240x353.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1-375x552.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1-520x765.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The comic above was used as part of a study in Uganda to teach students how to evaluate health and science claims. Courtesy of Informed Health Choices. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Informed Health Choices)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The workbook had a convincing effect, Oxman said. The students who received the \u003ca href=\"http://www.informedhealthchoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IHC-V3-Childrens-Book-and-Cover-Des2016_lowres.pdf\">workbook\u003c/a> and those who did not receive it were then tested on how to evaluate health claims. Fifty percent more children in the workbook group had a passing score on that critical thinking test. Twenty percent of the students receiving the workbook even showed mastery of the concepts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a follow-up to the study, researchers are asking children and adults what they learned and how they’ve used it. Responses so far have been very promising, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One girl talked about going shopping with her mom, who picked up an expensive new brand of toothpaste, but the girl picked up an older brand of toothpaste and found the ingredients were the same. During the pilot studies, Oxman said it was fun to see kids walking out of class talking to each other about claims. Recognizing a claim, and being able to determine if it’s trustworthy is the critical first step to appraising all the claims people hear every day, he said.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EVALUATING CLAIMS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmetto Ridge High School science teacher Michelle Joyce said she uses a process called “claim, evidence and response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First students recognize a claim or a hypothesis. Next, they look at evidence: the original data; who calculated the data; where the study was conducted; if the researcher would be inclined to benefit from a certain result; if researchers did multiple trials or tested on many people and more. Finally, students must come up with a response: a determination of the validity of the claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce uses resources from a variety of places including Common Sense Education*, a nonprofit that provides \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/scope-and-sequence\">free curriculum\u003c/a> in media literacy for grades K-12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When teachers tackle the subject of media literacy they may think about social media etiquette or cyberbullying -- that’s a component of media literacy called digital citizenship. But teaching media literacy can also go into specific domains such as health and science. To understand the science news they see online, kids need to understand basic concepts like sample sizes or what “peer review” means, said Jeffrey Knutson of Common Sense Education. Through this curriculum, students learn how information is created and distributed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives them an insider’s view of how information we get is created and how we receive it,” said Knutson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital citizenship and media literacy is often taught as something extra and not necessarily embedded in curriculum, said Knutson. However, health or science claims seen online can be easily incorporated into science or health class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example Knutson provided was a recent \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/well/eat/the-chemicals-in-your-mac-and-cheese.html?mcubz=3\">article\u003c/a> about health hazards of chemicals used in packaging such as boxed macaroni and cheese. The article stirred up some controversy because it didn’t offer specifics on what dose of these chemicals can do damage. The study was financed by an environmental advocacy group, not an unbiased source. The\u003cem> Times\u003c/em> reported on this study and other journalists reported on it and then \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/07/my-dad-is-now-scared-of-macaroni-and-cheese-should-he-be/534702/\">reports\u003c/a> about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2017/07/don_t_panic_over_the_chemicals_in_your_mac_and_cheese.html\">reporting\u003c/a> came out, noted Knutson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best thing teachers can do is to use these examples in their class with their students,\" according to Knutson. \"It’s important to model how you would go about reading an article like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BREAKING DOWN THE FACTS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school science teacher Michelle Joyce says that if teachers start in elementary school, and build on these concepts in middle and high school, “we have significantly more chance over a period of time to build this common sense, this media literacy,” said Joyce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m only seeing them in 11\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and 12\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> grade, many of their opinions are already formed,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Joyce really breaks a scientific topic into its component parts, she can sometimes convince skeptical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, students were learning the bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef, which stems from water temperature and salt-level or salinity increases. They researched where the increased salinity or temperature could be coming from, including climate change and waste dumped near the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student said, “I can’t believe one degree in temperature makes this much a difference for these animals,” recalled Joyce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of rehashing the reef data, Joyce brought the conversation back to a different perspective and explained pH levels in the human body. Even a slight change in pH could shut down a person's bodily functions. Suddenly the minor change to water temperature and salinity, which affects pH, didn’t seem so minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to bring it back to something they can relate to,” said Joyce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce can’t go into such detail with every science lesson but she hopes by equipping students with the skills to question what they read, they’ll be able to pursue these questions on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teaching them those skills on how to think like a scientist and how to analyze information that they’re receiving is just as important as teaching them to use the periodic table, for example.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional resources: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common Sense has several strategies to help debunk false claims, such as those listed on “\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/teaching-strategies/turn-students-into-fact-finding-web-detectives\">Turn Students into F\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/teaching-strategies/turn-students-into-fact-finding-web-detectives\">act-Finding Web Detectives\u003c/a>.” They also offer \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/digital-citizenship\">digital citizenship\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/scope-and-sequence\">information literacy\u003c/a> curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthnewsreview.org/\">Health News Review\u003c/a> covers often-hyped health stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://retractionwatch.com/\">Retraction Watch \u003c/a> highlights retractions of studies and other pitfalls of the peer review system, which rarely gets attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>*Common Sense Education contributes reviews of educational tools and other content to MindShift. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Michelle Joyce doesn’t shy away from politicized science topics such as climate change. In fact, she works to equip seniors at Palmetto Ridge High School in Naples, Florida with the skills to accurately evaluate those topics on their own. Along with teaching chemistry and physics, she offers a class called “thinking skills” where students solve logic and math puzzles while also enhancing their media literacy. Students go beyond just learning about legitimate sources of information on the internet and delve into just how the information is put together in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But teaching students those critical thinking skills only as they’re about to depart for college can be too little too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a really hard thing to teach within the space of everything else that you need to teach in a classroom,” Joyce said. “It’s crucial that we teach it as early as we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet has no shortage of dubious information; and the ability to evaluate health and science claims is a subset of media literacy. With the abundance of health/science content students may only see via social media, kids are ill-equipped to discern hype from real science.\u003ca href=\"https://sheg.stanford.edu/civic-online-reasoning/evaluating-evidence\">\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2550\" height=\"3300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment.png 2550w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-160x207.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-800x1035.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-768x994.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-1020x1320.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-1180x1527.png 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-960x1242.png 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-240x311.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-375x485.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Evaluating-Evidence-Assessment-520x673.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2550px) 100vw, 2550px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one recent \u003ca href=\"https://purl.stanford.edu/fv751yt5934\">study\u003c/a> by the Stanford History Education Group, 170 high school students were shown a photo of flowers growing fused together and asked if that provided strong evidence on the conditions outside the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. Students with mastery of media literacy would argue this was not sufficient evidence because there is no information on the source of the photo or where the flowers were photographed. However, less than 20 percent of the students responding made that argument. Nearly 40 percent argued that the picture alone was strong evidence for conditions outside the nuclear plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are swimming in bullsh-t and lots of different claims about what helps or harms us,” said Dr. Andrew Oxman, director of research at the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. “Everybody needs to figure out which claims are trustworthy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>START EARLY\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these critical thinking concepts are not difficult but need to become habits adopted early in life, which is why Oxman first tried them out in his children’s elementary school classrooms. One way to teach how science is made is to let the children experience and figure it out for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxman gave students a bag of M&Ms and told them that some kids thought the red ones helped them study better but others got stomach aches. He instructed students to evaluate these claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They figured out very quickly, you have to compare like to like,” said Oxman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most revealing aspect of this lesson was how quickly students understood the pitfalls of setting up a randomized study. The teacher mentioned they could set random assignments much like they do in gym class where they set up teams by alternating students in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids started laughing because they understood right away that doesn’t work,” said Oxman. Students learned they can sabotage randomization in picking teams by setting up a line so they are one student away from their friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In research jargon, we referred to that as ‘concealed allocation’ and it’s a concept that takes time to explain to health professionals but the kids understood it right away intuitively.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through this experiment students quickly figured out they had to measure things exactly same. They discovered the flaws of using small samples and being misled by games of chance, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oxman has since taken this idea of teaching young children concepts of evaluating science to a much larger scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Teaching Health Claims\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and a global team of researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.informedhealthchoices.org/the-ihc-team/\">Informed Health Choices\u003c/a> developed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(17)31226-6/fulltext?elsca1=tlpr\">study\u003c/a> of some 10,000 Ugandan fifth-graders to see if a simple \u003ca href=\"http://www.informedhealthchoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IHC-V3-Childrens-Book-and-Cover-Des2016_lowres.pdf\">comic book \u003c/a>on evaluating health claims could provide students with the skills to make better choices about their health. The comic book begins by describing how one child -- who has burned his finger -- sticks his wound into dung to heal it. The finger gets infected and he visits Professors “Fair” and “Compare” and begins to learn about how to question and evaluate the health advice he receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_49883\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 564px\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.informedhealthchoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IHC-V3-Childrens-Book-and-Cover-Des2016_lowres.pdf\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-49883 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"564\" height=\"830\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1.png 564w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1-160x235.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1-240x353.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1-375x552.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/12/Lesson-1-520x765.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 564px) 100vw, 564px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The comic above was used as part of a study in Uganda to teach students how to evaluate health and science claims. Courtesy of Informed Health Choices. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Informed Health Choices)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The workbook had a convincing effect, Oxman said. The students who received the \u003ca href=\"http://www.informedhealthchoices.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IHC-V3-Childrens-Book-and-Cover-Des2016_lowres.pdf\">workbook\u003c/a> and those who did not receive it were then tested on how to evaluate health claims. Fifty percent more children in the workbook group had a passing score on that critical thinking test. Twenty percent of the students receiving the workbook even showed mastery of the concepts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a follow-up to the study, researchers are asking children and adults what they learned and how they’ve used it. Responses so far have been very promising, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One girl talked about going shopping with her mom, who picked up an expensive new brand of toothpaste, but the girl picked up an older brand of toothpaste and found the ingredients were the same. During the pilot studies, Oxman said it was fun to see kids walking out of class talking to each other about claims. Recognizing a claim, and being able to determine if it’s trustworthy is the critical first step to appraising all the claims people hear every day, he said.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EVALUATING CLAIMS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmetto Ridge High School science teacher Michelle Joyce said she uses a process called “claim, evidence and response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First students recognize a claim or a hypothesis. Next, they look at evidence: the original data; who calculated the data; where the study was conducted; if the researcher would be inclined to benefit from a certain result; if researchers did multiple trials or tested on many people and more. Finally, students must come up with a response: a determination of the validity of the claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce uses resources from a variety of places including Common Sense Education*, a nonprofit that provides \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/scope-and-sequence\">free curriculum\u003c/a> in media literacy for grades K-12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When teachers tackle the subject of media literacy they may think about social media etiquette or cyberbullying -- that’s a component of media literacy called digital citizenship. But teaching media literacy can also go into specific domains such as health and science. To understand the science news they see online, kids need to understand basic concepts like sample sizes or what “peer review” means, said Jeffrey Knutson of Common Sense Education. Through this curriculum, students learn how information is created and distributed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives them an insider’s view of how information we get is created and how we receive it,” said Knutson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital citizenship and media literacy is often taught as something extra and not necessarily embedded in curriculum, said Knutson. However, health or science claims seen online can be easily incorporated into science or health class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example Knutson provided was a recent \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/12/well/eat/the-chemicals-in-your-mac-and-cheese.html?mcubz=3\">article\u003c/a> about health hazards of chemicals used in packaging such as boxed macaroni and cheese. The article stirred up some controversy because it didn’t offer specifics on what dose of these chemicals can do damage. The study was financed by an environmental advocacy group, not an unbiased source. The\u003cem> Times\u003c/em> reported on this study and other journalists reported on it and then \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/07/my-dad-is-now-scared-of-macaroni-and-cheese-should-he-be/534702/\">reports\u003c/a> about the \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/medical_examiner/2017/07/don_t_panic_over_the_chemicals_in_your_mac_and_cheese.html\">reporting\u003c/a> came out, noted Knutson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best thing teachers can do is to use these examples in their class with their students,\" according to Knutson. \"It’s important to model how you would go about reading an article like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>BREAKING DOWN THE FACTS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High school science teacher Michelle Joyce says that if teachers start in elementary school, and build on these concepts in middle and high school, “we have significantly more chance over a period of time to build this common sense, this media literacy,” said Joyce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m only seeing them in 11\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and 12\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> grade, many of their opinions are already formed,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Joyce really breaks a scientific topic into its component parts, she can sometimes convince skeptical students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, students were learning the bleaching of the Great Barrier Reef, which stems from water temperature and salt-level or salinity increases. They researched where the increased salinity or temperature could be coming from, including climate change and waste dumped near the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One student said, “I can’t believe one degree in temperature makes this much a difference for these animals,” recalled Joyce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of rehashing the reef data, Joyce brought the conversation back to a different perspective and explained pH levels in the human body. Even a slight change in pH could shut down a person's bodily functions. Suddenly the minor change to water temperature and salinity, which affects pH, didn’t seem so minor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to bring it back to something they can relate to,” said Joyce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joyce can’t go into such detail with every science lesson but she hopes by equipping students with the skills to question what they read, they’ll be able to pursue these questions on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teaching them those skills on how to think like a scientist and how to analyze information that they’re receiving is just as important as teaching them to use the periodic table, for example.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional resources: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common Sense has several strategies to help debunk false claims, such as those listed on “\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/teaching-strategies/turn-students-into-fact-finding-web-detectives\">Turn Students into F\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/teaching-strategies/turn-students-into-fact-finding-web-detectives\">act-Finding Web Detectives\u003c/a>.” They also offer \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/digital-citizenship\">digital citizenship\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsense.org/education/scope-and-sequence\">information literacy\u003c/a> curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.healthnewsreview.org/\">Health News Review\u003c/a> covers often-hyped health stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://retractionwatch.com/\">Retraction Watch \u003c/a> highlights retractions of studies and other pitfalls of the peer review system, which rarely gets attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Schools across the country are nervously watching to see if the Federal Communications Commission chooses to repeal Obama-era regulations that protect an open internet, often referred to as \"net neutrality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2015 rules are meant to prevent internet providers, such as Comcast, AT&T and Verizon, from controlling what people can watch and see on the internet. Companies can't block access to any websites or apps, and can't meddle with loading speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators rely heavily on technology in the classroom, so the repeal vote — expected Thursday — could dramatically impact the way students learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the key elements of the internet is that it provides immediate access to a huge range of high-quality resources that are really useful to teachers,\" says Richard Culatta, CEO of the International Society for Technology in Education. He previously led the Department of Education's Office of Educational Technology during the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But when carriers can choose to prioritize paid content over freely available content, schools really are at risk,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Virginia, fifth-grade teacher Molly Fuller uses the internet with students struggling in math to help reinforce the skills they need online. They can play math-based computer games, or see a digital diagram of a math problem broken down. She also uses computers to teach her students how to find good sources versus bad sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're trying to teach them those real-world skills,\" she says. Repealing the current regulations, she says, \"it's going to really hinder their ability to learn.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Ziemke, teaches third-graders in Chicago and says internet access allows her students to collaborate and interact with experts on topics they are passionate about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She belongs to \u003ca href=\"https://community.theeducatorcollaborative.com/position-statement-net-neutrality/\">The Educators Collaborative\u003c/a> — a group of educators that organize online and share innovative lesson plans that incorporate the internet. She helped that organization craft a note for their website in support of net neutrality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that under the current FCC designation, the internet is more free and open,\" the statement said. \"This allows educators, students, and families access to information, apps, websites, and videos they feel will best support learning, creative thinking, and informed citizenship.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we look at technology in our lives,\" Ziemke says, \"this is going to cause a huge shift in schools.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says a byproduct of rolling back the regulations will be a decrease in creativity for all students — and for those in low-income districts — she's worried they'll lack access to information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown discrepancies in access to internet, especially with poor schools and in rural schools that lack high-speed internet. \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oii/nonpublic/erate.html\">The federal E-Rate program\u003c/a>, which helps eligible schools and libraries have affordable access to phone and internet services, was redesigned and refunded just last year helped try and patch that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/DigitalEducation/2017/12/e-rate_program_6_big_numbers.html\">94 percent of school districts in the U.S.\u003c/a> have access to high-speed internet and more than 118,000 school and libraries use the E-rate program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The internet for the first time leveled that playing field because it didn't matter if you were in a wealthy school or an under resourced school,\" says Culatta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But still — there are lasting divides — not all students have access to high speed internet. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/22/digital-divide-persists-even-as-lower-income-americans-make-gains-in-tech-adoption/\">A recent Pew Research study\u003c/a> found that 5 million, most low income, school-aged children do not have access to broadband internet connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.help.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/121217%20Net%20Neutrality%20Repeal%20Ed%20Impacts.pdf\">Democrats in the Senate are worried that deregulation\u003c/a> of net neutrality will widen inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's not just teachers that are concerned about the FCC's decision. Librarians across the country have also raised concerned over access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We depend increasingly on access to the internet for purpose of research, for purpose of learning.\" says Jim Neal, President of the American Library Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repeal of the regulations will be devastating to low-income communities that rely on public libraries to access information, he says. Libraries offer community members without home internet a place to search for health information, apply for jobs, even pay their bills. they also serve students — who use computers to do research for projects or homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This could undermine the quality of the education that our students are receiving,\" Neal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Librarians who work on college campuses say net neutrality is vital for students who rely heavily on research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The internet is essential to all our functions,\" says Katherine Ahnberg, an academic librarian at the University of Pennsylvania \"We teach students how to critically analyze information they come across.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FCC is set to vote at 10:30 a.m. EST on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: NPR's legal counsel has filed comments with the FCC on the net neutrality proposal, in opposition to deregulation. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10717112197099/NPR%20Restoring%20Internet%20Freedom%20Comments.Final.pdf\">You can read them here.\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+A+Deregulated+Internet+Could+Hurt+America%27s+Classrooms&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Schools across the country are nervously watching to see if the Federal Communications Commission chooses to repeal Obama-era regulations that protect an open internet, often referred to as \"net neutrality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2015 rules are meant to prevent internet providers, such as Comcast, AT&T and Verizon, from controlling what people can watch and see on the internet. Companies can't block access to any websites or apps, and can't meddle with loading speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educators rely heavily on technology in the classroom, so the repeal vote — expected Thursday — could dramatically impact the way students learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the key elements of the internet is that it provides immediate access to a huge range of high-quality resources that are really useful to teachers,\" says Richard Culatta, CEO of the International Society for Technology in Education. He previously led the Department of Education's Office of Educational Technology during the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But when carriers can choose to prioritize paid content over freely available content, schools really are at risk,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Virginia, fifth-grade teacher Molly Fuller uses the internet with students struggling in math to help reinforce the skills they need online. They can play math-based computer games, or see a digital diagram of a math problem broken down. She also uses computers to teach her students how to find good sources versus bad sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're trying to teach them those real-world skills,\" she says. Repealing the current regulations, she says, \"it's going to really hinder their ability to learn.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Ziemke, teaches third-graders in Chicago and says internet access allows her students to collaborate and interact with experts on topics they are passionate about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She belongs to \u003ca href=\"https://community.theeducatorcollaborative.com/position-statement-net-neutrality/\">The Educators Collaborative\u003c/a> — a group of educators that organize online and share innovative lesson plans that incorporate the internet. She helped that organization craft a note for their website in support of net neutrality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that under the current FCC designation, the internet is more free and open,\" the statement said. \"This allows educators, students, and families access to information, apps, websites, and videos they feel will best support learning, creative thinking, and informed citizenship.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we look at technology in our lives,\" Ziemke says, \"this is going to cause a huge shift in schools.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says a byproduct of rolling back the regulations will be a decrease in creativity for all students — and for those in low-income districts — she's worried they'll lack access to information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies have shown discrepancies in access to internet, especially with poor schools and in rural schools that lack high-speed internet. \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oii/nonpublic/erate.html\">The federal E-Rate program\u003c/a>, which helps eligible schools and libraries have affordable access to phone and internet services, was redesigned and refunded just last year helped try and patch that gap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.edweek.org/edweek/DigitalEducation/2017/12/e-rate_program_6_big_numbers.html\">94 percent of school districts in the U.S.\u003c/a> have access to high-speed internet and more than 118,000 school and libraries use the E-rate program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The internet for the first time leveled that playing field because it didn't matter if you were in a wealthy school or an under resourced school,\" says Culatta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But still — there are lasting divides — not all students have access to high speed internet. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/22/digital-divide-persists-even-as-lower-income-americans-make-gains-in-tech-adoption/\">A recent Pew Research study\u003c/a> found that 5 million, most low income, school-aged children do not have access to broadband internet connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some \u003ca href=\"https://www.help.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/121217%20Net%20Neutrality%20Repeal%20Ed%20Impacts.pdf\">Democrats in the Senate are worried that deregulation\u003c/a> of net neutrality will widen inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it's not just teachers that are concerned about the FCC's decision. Librarians across the country have also raised concerned over access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We depend increasingly on access to the internet for purpose of research, for purpose of learning.\" says Jim Neal, President of the American Library Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repeal of the regulations will be devastating to low-income communities that rely on public libraries to access information, he says. Libraries offer community members without home internet a place to search for health information, apply for jobs, even pay their bills. they also serve students — who use computers to do research for projects or homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This could undermine the quality of the education that our students are receiving,\" Neal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Librarians who work on college campuses say net neutrality is vital for students who rely heavily on research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The internet is essential to all our functions,\" says Katherine Ahnberg, an academic librarian at the University of Pennsylvania \"We teach students how to critically analyze information they come across.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FCC is set to vote at 10:30 a.m. EST on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's Note: NPR's legal counsel has filed comments with the FCC on the net neutrality proposal, in opposition to deregulation. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10717112197099/NPR%20Restoring%20Internet%20Freedom%20Comments.Final.pdf\">You can read them here.\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+A+Deregulated+Internet+Could+Hurt+America%27s+Classrooms&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Tools Harvard Computer Science Students Use to Collaborate, Stay Organized",
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"content": "\u003cp>Harvard University is one of the \u003ca href=\"http://college.usatoday.com/2014/10/12/the-20-most-selective-colleges-in-the-u-s-and-why-selectivity-can-be-misleading/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most selective schools\u003c/a> in the United States, so it isn’t the first place that comes to mind when discussing how to make computer science appealing and open to a broad range of students. But Professor \u003ca href=\"https://cs.harvard.edu/malan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Malan\u003c/a> has been experimenting with different ways to make his introductory computer science class (CS50) the type of place where students from many different backgrounds can thrive. And he’s spreading what he learns to the broader educator community, hoping what he’s learning from the \u003ca href=\"https://cs50.harvard.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CS50\u003c/a> experiment spreads beyond Harvard’s walls to K-12 educators working to fire up kids about computer science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malan’s class attracts students who have never taken computer science before, as well as kids who have been coding a long time. His goal with this diverse group of learners is to create a community that’s equal and collaborative. One way he does this is by asking students to self-identify by comfort level. Those groups become different section levels, and they sometimes get different homework, but harder assignments are not worth more credit. Malan said recently that the “less comfortable” group has \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@cs50/cs50s-changing-demographics-d00fb7369d6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dominated his 700-person course\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day all students are treated with the same expectations,” said Malan, speaking at the \u003ca href=\"http://novemberlearning.com/blc-education-conference-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Building Learning Communities conference\u003c/a> in Boston. Students are graded based on each individual’s growth; Malan and his team of teaching assistants don’t use absolute measures when assigning grades. Instead, they look at scope, how hard the student tried, correctness, how right the work was, style, how aesthetic the code is, and design, which is the most subjective. When it’s time to assign grades, Malan and his teaching fellows have lots of in-depth conversations about how each student has improved relative to where he or she started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since computer code is particularly easy to steal off the web, Malan has a “regret clause” for his course “to encourage and allow students to come forward if they made a bad decision that historically is very hard to take back. “We encourage them to come forward.” If a student did cheat, but uses the regret clause, he or she can still be penalized, but Malan won’t escalate the incident to the university level. He understands that sometimes stressed-out students, many of whom are perfectionists pushing themselves in a completely new area of study, act on their anxieties against their better judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malan also uses many teaching assistants to help him provide personalized attention to students in this large course. He sees them as one of the most important parts of the course’s success and popularity. “One of our greatest assets is the human structure within the course,” Malan said. He also encourages students not to take notes during lecture, instead asking one of the teaching assistants to take notes for everyone so students can focus their attention on the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Office hours are another important support structure for this challenging course. During office hours several teaching assistants will be in one place offering one-on-one help. Malan has been pleased at how these meetups have gradually begun happening in social spaces, becoming a connection point between digital and analog support. He attributes some of his success with students new to computer science to the intentionally social aspects of the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/59pfsj4nvI8?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malan’s team also explicitly tries to make computer science fun by planning events that foster a sense of community. They organize an annual puzzle day where students get together on a Saturday, and a hackathon. By merging the social and the academic, Malan is trying to make computer science feel approachable. “A side effect of holding these events is drumming up new interest,” Malan said. His students bring their friends, who might decide to take the course the following year. And the silly community events are shared on social media and the course website to help create the community feeling that keeps kids engaged in the academic work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the semester, all CS50 students present their \u003ca href=\"https://docs.cs50.net/2017/fall/project/project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">final projects\u003c/a> to the community at a fair. “For us what’s most striking at this specific event is seeing their final projects and seeing them present something that we did not teach them,” Malan said. Students often take the initiative to go out and learn more on their own, rather than merely applying the homework he has assigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the 700 Harvard students who take CS50, Malan has opened the course to 150 Yale students, as well as about 300 Harvard extension students. The course is also available on \u003ca href=\"https://www.edx.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">edX,\u003c/a> and high school students can access a version of it, \u003ca href=\"https://ap.cs50.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CS50 AP\u003c/a>, at 150 schools around the country. The course is one of the most popular offerings at Harvard, and students new to computer science keep joining. Malan believes the collaborative nature of the course, along with the intentional community-building that his team does, are a big part of their success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CS50-SPECIFIC TOOLS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many students, Malan’s team has developed some CS50 specific tools to help them manage workflow and support students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CS50 IDE:\u003c/strong> This is basically a computer in the cloud so students can write code and run it on the internet. It allows students to access their code from multiple locations and for groups to work together virtually. The program highlights the code written by different authors in unique colors to help evaluators see who did what.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Check50:\u003c/strong> Students and instructors use this program to check for correctness. Is a program giving the expected output? The tool checks student code against a set of tests Malan’s team has written and then generates smiley faces and frowny faces next to the code. This helps students identify trouble spots, but still requires them to problem-solve the fixes. Some of Malan’s teaching assistants are currently rewriting this program to make it open source, so any teacher could input their own checks to use with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CS50 Help:\u003c/strong> This tool rewrites the language of error messages to help students parse what went wrong with their code. It also provides feedback and action items for students to start fixing the error. “It’s just designed to be a resource for students to make that process of understanding error messages easier,” Malan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Droplet:\u003c/strong> This tool provides a bridge between more traditional coding languages and block coding, like what you might see in Scratch or a number of other learn-to-code programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malan’s team also uses a lot of other productivity tools that aren’t proprietary and could be useful to other teachers. When discussing these tools with teachers at the BLC conference, it was clear that many K-12 teachers are frustrated by the limits their districts put on the tools they can use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>OTHER TOOLS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49784\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GitHub\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This open-source code repository is a way for programmers to share code and get feedback. Malan’s students sometimes use it to submit their code instead of doing so through the Learning Management System (LMS).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theory.stanford.edu/~aiken/moss/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MOSS\u003c/a> (Measure Of Software Similarity):\u003c/strong> This tool is freely developed and can help determine academic honesty. The tools allow users to anonymously submit student work and see a comparison to other existing code. It gives the teacher a sense of whether similarly written code really is a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49787\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://gradescope.com/get_started\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gradescope\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This free tool was designed by UC Berkeley students. It allows teachers to upload student homework or tests and grade them online. The grader can add criteria as he goes and if anything changes, the program will automatically change the scores for that problem on everything that has already been graded. The student gets detailed feedback, all graders are consistent, and the instructor can see how many students made each mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49788\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dropbox.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dropbox\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Users get 2G for free and can easily sync and share files. And, if a student doesn’t have a Dropbox account, there’s an anonymous upload feature that creates a unique link so each student’s work goes into a folder with his or her name. It can be an easy way to collect files and work around an LMS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://asana.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asana\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This commercially available task management system helps keep track of who’s doing what and when it’s due. Team members can add themselves to different projects and set deadlines. “We’ve used it for office-style team management, but I’ve used it for classes as well to assign homework,” Malan said. “It gives you eyes into what could be a fairly large data set.” There’s also a mobile app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://slack.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slack\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is a free chat service, but also makes it easy to share media. Malan finds it more group friendly than Google Hangout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49813\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49814\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003ca href=\"https://1password.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1Password\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.lastpass.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LastPass\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> These are password protection services that are not free, but Malan finds important to safeguard student work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49791\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://doodle.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doodle\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Malan’s team uses Doodle for scheduling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.helpscout.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Help Scout\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This tool is a bit like help desk software in that you can create tickets for different email items that require a task. It helps a user see what issues are closed and which ones still need attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49794 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hubspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HubSpot\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is good for managing large courses with lots of contacts. It was designed as a customer relationship management system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49795\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bringit.bz/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PleaseBringIt\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is an easy way to sign people up for open slots. It also functions a little like a wedding registry for running an event -- different people can agree to bring various items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49796\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.adobe.com/products/adobeconnect.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adobe Connect\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This tool works well for online classes or office hours. It is not a free service, but Google Hangout would be a free alternative. Zoom is also similar, although more video-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49797\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/forms/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Forms\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Malan uses this a lot to collect work from students. It’s easy to integrate with spreadsheets, but limits the types of questions he can ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.surveymonkey.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SurveyMonkey\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This service has more question types and better analytics. It also has some interesting visualization options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sli.do/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slido.com\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is an interactive online question forum. Users can up-vote or down-vote different questions. That’s useful because a presenter can look at the questions while giving a talk and weave answers into the presentation or follow up afterwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://piazza.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piazza\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is a good discussion platform, a functionality many LMS’s lack. Teachers can create a classroom within Piazza. Students can also ask questions anonymously, making it more appropriate for certain discussions than other platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49801\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://quip.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quip\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This software is good for sharing information. The platform makes it easy to organize information and share with others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49802\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smugmug.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SmugMug\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is a good photo portfolio site. It allows the user to filter, but also provide textual context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://basecamp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BaseCamp\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This project management tool has a free tier for teachers. In general, Malan and his team suggest that educators should always ask for a discount from any commercial software provider. Many companies will be happy to accommodate, making paid products more accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>K-12 TEACHERS’ FAVORITE TOOLS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Malan had finished sharing the tools his team finds useful to organize their work, grading and efforts to support students, other educators shared their favorite tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49804\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.zipgrade.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZipGrade\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This tool is basically like a scantron machine on a phone. It’s useful for quickly grading multiple-choice exit tickets or formative assessments and tracking student data on those quizzes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49805\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.videonot.es/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VideoNot.es\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This open-source software allows users to take notes next to videos, syncing to time\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>stamps. It’s also possible to create one’s own video note with a question. And the service works with a Google sign-in (one limitation a number of teachers said they were experiencing with their districts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://vizia.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vizia\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This tool allows teacher to integrate quizzes and questions into a video. The questions pop up as students watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49807\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gosoapbox.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GoSoapbox\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Similar to Poll Everywhere, this tool can be used on a mobile device or computer. It enables teachers to get a sense of how well students understand the content with quick polls. It also has a panic button students can press if they really don’t understand. The instructor’s screen will flash red. It can also be used anonymously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-49811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-160x100.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-160x100.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-240x150.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-375x234.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-520x325.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/driveslides-by-matt-mille/ijnjlojbdhgpamjiflocklhfeciokfdl?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DriveSlides\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This chrome extension built by \u003ca href=\"http://ditchthattextbook.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matt Miller\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.alicekeeler.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alice Keeler\u003c/a> makes it easy to automatically insert images into Google Slide presentations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49808\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://app.wizer.me/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wizer.me\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Teachers can create interactive quizzes in various question formats with this tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/goobric-web-app-launcher/cepmakjlanepojocakadfpohnhhalfol?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Goobric\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> When used in tandem with the Doctopus extension, this Chrome extension allows teachers to pull all the assignments into one Google Sheet and integrate with a rubric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/doctopus/ffhegaddkjpkfiemhhnphmnadfbkdhbf?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doctopus\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Another Chrome extension built by a teacher to make classroom workflows easier. Some of its key functions are to create a file structure in Google Docs, allow a teacher to easily “pass out” blank templates and change or revoke different editing rights, and it’s a way to monitor collaboration happening on Docs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What are your favorite collaboration and sharing tools for the classroom?\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Educators and students of CS50, a widely popular computer science class at Harvard that's also available in a high school AP version, use a variety of tools to help with the collaborative part of learning computer science. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Harvard University is one of the \u003ca href=\"http://college.usatoday.com/2014/10/12/the-20-most-selective-colleges-in-the-u-s-and-why-selectivity-can-be-misleading/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most selective schools\u003c/a> in the United States, so it isn’t the first place that comes to mind when discussing how to make computer science appealing and open to a broad range of students. But Professor \u003ca href=\"https://cs.harvard.edu/malan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Malan\u003c/a> has been experimenting with different ways to make his introductory computer science class (CS50) the type of place where students from many different backgrounds can thrive. And he’s spreading what he learns to the broader educator community, hoping what he’s learning from the \u003ca href=\"https://cs50.harvard.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CS50\u003c/a> experiment spreads beyond Harvard’s walls to K-12 educators working to fire up kids about computer science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malan’s class attracts students who have never taken computer science before, as well as kids who have been coding a long time. His goal with this diverse group of learners is to create a community that’s equal and collaborative. One way he does this is by asking students to self-identify by comfort level. Those groups become different section levels, and they sometimes get different homework, but harder assignments are not worth more credit. Malan said recently that the “less comfortable” group has \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@cs50/cs50s-changing-demographics-d00fb7369d6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dominated his 700-person course\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of the day all students are treated with the same expectations,” said Malan, speaking at the \u003ca href=\"http://novemberlearning.com/blc-education-conference-2017/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Building Learning Communities conference\u003c/a> in Boston. Students are graded based on each individual’s growth; Malan and his team of teaching assistants don’t use absolute measures when assigning grades. Instead, they look at scope, how hard the student tried, correctness, how right the work was, style, how aesthetic the code is, and design, which is the most subjective. When it’s time to assign grades, Malan and his teaching fellows have lots of in-depth conversations about how each student has improved relative to where he or she started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And since computer code is particularly easy to steal off the web, Malan has a “regret clause” for his course “to encourage and allow students to come forward if they made a bad decision that historically is very hard to take back. “We encourage them to come forward.” If a student did cheat, but uses the regret clause, he or she can still be penalized, but Malan won’t escalate the incident to the university level. He understands that sometimes stressed-out students, many of whom are perfectionists pushing themselves in a completely new area of study, act on their anxieties against their better judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malan also uses many teaching assistants to help him provide personalized attention to students in this large course. He sees them as one of the most important parts of the course’s success and popularity. “One of our greatest assets is the human structure within the course,” Malan said. He also encourages students not to take notes during lecture, instead asking one of the teaching assistants to take notes for everyone so students can focus their attention on the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Office hours are another important support structure for this challenging course. During office hours several teaching assistants will be in one place offering one-on-one help. Malan has been pleased at how these meetups have gradually begun happening in social spaces, becoming a connection point between digital and analog support. He attributes some of his success with students new to computer science to the intentionally social aspects of the class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/59pfsj4nvI8?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malan’s team also explicitly tries to make computer science fun by planning events that foster a sense of community. They organize an annual puzzle day where students get together on a Saturday, and a hackathon. By merging the social and the academic, Malan is trying to make computer science feel approachable. “A side effect of holding these events is drumming up new interest,” Malan said. His students bring their friends, who might decide to take the course the following year. And the silly community events are shared on social media and the course website to help create the community feeling that keeps kids engaged in the academic work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the semester, all CS50 students present their \u003ca href=\"https://docs.cs50.net/2017/fall/project/project.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">final projects\u003c/a> to the community at a fair. “For us what’s most striking at this specific event is seeing their final projects and seeing them present something that we did not teach them,” Malan said. Students often take the initiative to go out and learn more on their own, rather than merely applying the homework he has assigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the 700 Harvard students who take CS50, Malan has opened the course to 150 Yale students, as well as about 300 Harvard extension students. The course is also available on \u003ca href=\"https://www.edx.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">edX,\u003c/a> and high school students can access a version of it, \u003ca href=\"https://ap.cs50.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CS50 AP\u003c/a>, at 150 schools around the country. The course is one of the most popular offerings at Harvard, and students new to computer science keep joining. Malan believes the collaborative nature of the course, along with the intentional community-building that his team does, are a big part of their success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CS50-SPECIFIC TOOLS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many students, Malan’s team has developed some CS50 specific tools to help them manage workflow and support students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CS50 IDE:\u003c/strong> This is basically a computer in the cloud so students can write code and run it on the internet. It allows students to access their code from multiple locations and for groups to work together virtually. The program highlights the code written by different authors in unique colors to help evaluators see who did what.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Check50:\u003c/strong> Students and instructors use this program to check for correctness. Is a program giving the expected output? The tool checks student code against a set of tests Malan’s team has written and then generates smiley faces and frowny faces next to the code. This helps students identify trouble spots, but still requires them to problem-solve the fixes. Some of Malan’s teaching assistants are currently rewriting this program to make it open source, so any teacher could input their own checks to use with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CS50 Help:\u003c/strong> This tool rewrites the language of error messages to help students parse what went wrong with their code. It also provides feedback and action items for students to start fixing the error. “It’s just designed to be a resource for students to make that process of understanding error messages easier,” Malan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Droplet:\u003c/strong> This tool provides a bridge between more traditional coding languages and block coding, like what you might see in Scratch or a number of other learn-to-code programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Malan’s team also uses a lot of other productivity tools that aren’t proprietary and could be useful to other teachers. When discussing these tools with teachers at the BLC conference, it was clear that many K-12 teachers are frustrated by the limits their districts put on the tools they can use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>OTHER TOOLS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49784\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/github-small-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://github.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GitHub\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This open-source code repository is a way for programmers to share code and get feedback. Malan’s students sometimes use it to submit their code instead of doing so through the Learning Management System (LMS).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://theory.stanford.edu/~aiken/moss/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MOSS\u003c/a> (Measure Of Software Similarity):\u003c/strong> This tool is freely developed and can help determine academic honesty. The tools allow users to anonymously submit student work and see a comparison to other existing code. It gives the teacher a sense of whether similarly written code really is a problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49787\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gradescope-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://gradescope.com/get_started\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gradescope\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This free tool was designed by UC Berkeley students. It allows teachers to upload student homework or tests and grade them online. The grader can add criteria as he goes and if anything changes, the program will automatically change the scores for that problem on everything that has already been graded. The student gets detailed feedback, all graders are consistent, and the instructor can see how many students made each mistake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49788\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/dropbox-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dropbox.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dropbox\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Users get 2G for free and can easily sync and share files. And, if a student doesn’t have a Dropbox account, there’s an anonymous upload feature that creates a unique link so each student’s work goes into a folder with his or her name. It can be an easy way to collect files and work around an LMS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/asana-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://asana.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asana\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This commercially available task management system helps keep track of who’s doing what and when it’s due. Team members can add themselves to different projects and set deadlines. “We’ve used it for office-style team management, but I’ve used it for classes as well to assign homework,” Malan said. “It gives you eyes into what could be a fairly large data set.” There’s also a mobile app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49790\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slack-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://slack.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slack\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is a free chat service, but also makes it easy to share media. Malan finds it more group friendly than Google Hangout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49813\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/onepassword-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49814\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/lastpass-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003ca href=\"https://1password.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1Password\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.lastpass.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LastPass\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> These are password protection services that are not free, but Malan finds important to safeguard student work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49791\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doodle-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://doodle.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doodle\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Malan’s team uses Doodle for scheduling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49793\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Help-Scout-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.helpscout.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Help Scout\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This tool is a bit like help desk software in that you can create tickets for different email items that require a task. It helps a user see what issues are closed and which ones still need attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-49794 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/hubspot-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hubspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">HubSpot\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is good for managing large courses with lots of contacts. It was designed as a customer relationship management system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49795\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/BringIt-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bringit.bz/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PleaseBringIt\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is an easy way to sign people up for open slots. It also functions a little like a wedding registry for running an event -- different people can agree to bring various items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49796\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/adobeconnect-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.adobe.com/products/adobeconnect.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adobe Connect\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This tool works well for online classes or office hours. It is not a free service, but Google Hangout would be a free alternative. Zoom is also similar, although more video-based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49797\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/Google-forms-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/forms/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google Forms\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Malan uses this a lot to collect work from students. It’s easy to integrate with spreadsheets, but limits the types of questions he can ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/surveymonkey-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.surveymonkey.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SurveyMonkey\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This service has more question types and better analytics. It also has some interesting visualization options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49799\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/slido-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sli.do/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Slido.com\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is an interactive online question forum. Users can up-vote or down-vote different questions. That’s useful because a presenter can look at the questions while giving a talk and weave answers into the presentation or follow up afterwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49800\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/piazza-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://piazza.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Piazza\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is a good discussion platform, a functionality many LMS’s lack. Teachers can create a classroom within Piazza. Students can also ask questions anonymously, making it more appropriate for certain discussions than other platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49801\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/quip-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://quip.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quip\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This software is good for sharing information. The platform makes it easy to organize information and share with others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49802\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/smugmug-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smugmug.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SmugMug\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This is a good photo portfolio site. It allows the user to filter, but also provide textual context.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49803\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/basecamp-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://basecamp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BaseCamp\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This project management tool has a free tier for teachers. In general, Malan and his team suggest that educators should always ask for a discount from any commercial software provider. Many companies will be happy to accommodate, making paid products more accessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>K-12 TEACHERS’ FAVORITE TOOLS\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Malan had finished sharing the tools his team finds useful to organize their work, grading and efforts to support students, other educators shared their favorite tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49804\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/ZipGrade-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.zipgrade.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ZipGrade\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This tool is basically like a scantron machine on a phone. It’s useful for quickly grading multiple-choice exit tickets or formative assessments and tracking student data on those quizzes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49805\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/videonotes-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.videonot.es/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">VideoNot.es\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This open-source software allows users to take notes next to videos, syncing to time\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>stamps. It’s also possible to create one’s own video note with a question. And the service works with a Google sign-in (one limitation a number of teachers said they were experiencing with their districts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/vizia-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://vizia.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vizia\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This tool allows teacher to integrate quizzes and questions into a video. The questions pop up as students watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49807\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/gosoapbox-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gosoapbox.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GoSoapbox\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Similar to Poll Everywhere, this tool can be used on a mobile device or computer. It enables teachers to get a sense of how well students understand the content with quick polls. It also has a panic button students can press if they really don’t understand. The instructor’s screen will flash red. It can also be used anonymously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-49811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-160x100.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-160x100.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-240x150.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-375x234.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides-520x325.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/driveslides.png 640w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/driveslides-by-matt-mille/ijnjlojbdhgpamjiflocklhfeciokfdl?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DriveSlides\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> This chrome extension built by \u003ca href=\"http://ditchthattextbook.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Matt Miller\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.alicekeeler.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alice Keeler\u003c/a> makes it easy to automatically insert images into Google Slide presentations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49808\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/wizer-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://app.wizer.me/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wizer.me\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Teachers can create interactive quizzes in various question formats with this tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/goobric-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/goobric-web-app-launcher/cepmakjlanepojocakadfpohnhhalfol?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Goobric\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> When used in tandem with the Doctopus extension, this Chrome extension allows teachers to pull all the assignments into one Google Sheet and integrate with a rubric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-49810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/wp-content/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"140\" height=\"140\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm.jpg 140w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2017/11/doctopus-sm-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 140px) 100vw, 140px\">\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/doctopus/ffhegaddkjpkfiemhhnphmnadfbkdhbf?hl=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doctopus\u003c/a>:\u003c/strong> Another Chrome extension built by a teacher to make classroom workflows easier. Some of its key functions are to create a file structure in Google Docs, allow a teacher to easily “pass out” blank templates and change or revoke different editing rights, and it’s a way to monitor collaboration happening on Docs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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