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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2018, following the reveal of a new dress code, students enthusiastically showed up to Alice Deal Middle School in spaghetti straps, flip flops and short hemlines. “It was just on parade,” said Principal Diedre Neal about students’ attire. With time, the strappy, short outfits leveled off. Neal said that while \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59687/middle-schoolers-are-social-what-opportunity-does-that-create-for-learning\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">adolescents revel in novelty\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, their desire to be comfortable won out in the end: “They ran out of completely outrageous things. The completely outrageous things are also not comfortable or feasible.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The decision to reevaluate the dress code arose from the realization that the existing policies were no longer aligned with the needs of the students at Alice Deal, a public middle school in Washington, D.C. Prior to the change, students were pulled out of class if their outfits violated the school dress code. “They had their work. They were engaging. They were learning,” said Neal. “And we took them away from their learning to have a conversation about what they were wearing.” For instance, Zya Kinney, now 23, remembered getting pulled out of class by a teacher and being asked to do the “fingertip test” — a practice where students put their hand by their sides to see if the hemline of their shorts or skirts pass their fingertips. When Kinney’s skirt did not pass her fingertips, she had to change into her gym shorts. “I had to go back to that classroom,” said Kinney, who described herself as an insecure middle schooler. “That is embarrassing.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To reshape the policy in a way that truly supported student learning and wellbeing, Neal embraced a school-wide approach. She knew that for an updated dress code to be successful and work for learners, it required the active involvement from the students and community members it would impact.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Identify the gaps\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The catalyst for changing the dress code at Alice Deal came in the form of a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/5.1web_Final_nwlc_DressCodeReport.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dress code report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> written by Nia Evans from the National Women’s Law Center (NWLC) and a group of students in 2018. The report brought to light the discriminatory and harmful effects of dress code policies at schools in D.C. Evans’ research focused on school pushout — when schools use \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58817/how-changing-schools-culture-of-discipline-paves-the-way-for-inclusivity\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">exclusionary discipline practices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that result in students leaving school altogether. “What we found in conversations with students, parents and teachers was that dress codes were consistently coming up as a massive contributor to school push out,” Evans said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She recruited over 20 young people ages 12 to 18 to research dress codes with her and produce a report on dress codes featuring the twelve schools they collectively attended in DC. Their findings exposed gender and race stereotypes within dress code policies. “They were using language saying girls need to cover up to avoid distracting boys or Black girls can’t wear head wraps because it’s unprofessional or it’s not neat,” said Evans.These policies resulted in harsh punishments ranging from disrupting classroom time to suspensions. According to a Government Accountability Office \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-23-105348\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 90% of dress codes have policies that dictate what girls can wear. The NWLC found that Black girls, who had the highest suspension rate in the country compared to white girls, were being unfairly targeted by school dress codes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uniforms, which are lauded as a way to reduce the appearance of economic disparity, proved to be an imperfect solution. Nearly 20% of the nation’s public schools and preschools require uniforms, according to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d21/tables/dt21_233.60.asp\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Center for Education Statistics\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Over the course of their research, students found that uniforms, often sold at specific stores, can become a financial burden for many families. They can also be limiting from a developmental standpoint. “You’re taking an opportunity away from students to be able to express themselves,” Evans said. The student researchers found that uniforms can alienate non-binary students. “We are enforcing what we think girls should look like and what boys should look like. We’re not creating a lot of space for any type of spectrum,” Evans added.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The student researchers proposed solutions for school leaders looking to improve their dress codes. They recommended the creation of dress code task forces, made up of teachers, administrators, parents, and students, to discuss whether a school’s dress code achieved the intended goals. They emphasized the importance of, allowing students to express their authentic selves, including cultural representations like headwraps and Black hairstyles. Additionally, students called for gender-neutral dress codes that didn’t require students to have to wear specific clothes because of their gender identity. They also suggested taking out vague language such as ‘distracting’ or ‘inappropriate’ from dress code policies, as it often leaves room for teacher bias and subjective interpretation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Collaboration and communication\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At Alice Deal, Principal Neal partnered with parent Deborah Zerwitz to get input from students and families before changing the dress code. Zerwitz drew insights from the NWLC report, as well as from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.today.com/style/high-school-changes-dress-code-promote-body-positivity-t115656\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">student-centered practices from Evanston Township High School in Illinois\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a school that had changed their dress code the year prior. Recognizing the need to foster a respectful and equitable learning environment, Evanston Township engaged in collaborative discussions involving students, parents, teachers, and administrators to redefine their dress code guidelines. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neal let parents know in her weekly newsletter that they could attend four listening sessions for students, parents and administrators to voice their ideas and opinions on the dress code. Listening sessions were offered at various times and locations on and off the school campus to make them as accessible as possible. To gather even more student feedback, Zerwitz put up poster boards outside of the school cafeteria with questions like:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What changes would you make to the dress code?”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What do you think about school uniforms?”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What should the consequences be for violating a dress code?”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students could stick post-it notes to the board with their answers or place anonymous ideas in a shoebox with a slot in it.. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, Neal and Zerwitz created a task force made up of student and parent volunteers. “Somebody’s got to put pen to paper at some point,” said Zerwitz. “We were trying to identify a core group of people that will actually take all this information and distill it.” The task force used the feedback from the listening sessions and posters to create the new dress code.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC9608676364&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"c-message__edited_label\" dir=\"ltr\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Empowering students and redefining dress code policies\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zerwitz and Neal received diverse feedback about the dress code, with students, particularly girls, expressing their desire to be heard and understood. “They wanted to say how it was making them feel. And they felt awkward. They felt like, ‘Why are these grown ups looking at me every morning and telling me something’s wrong?” Zerwitz said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The consensus from teachers was that they did not like spending time enforcing the dress code. However, some teachers — usually older teachers, Zerwitz said — tended to think the students should dress professionally for school and were in favor of a strict dress code. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among parents, safety concerns surfaced. For example, a parent of two Black boys said that she likes using the dress code policies as a reason her son cannot wear hoodies to school. Citing concerns about stereotypes and racial profiling, especially considering incidents like the 2012 killing of Trayvon Martin, the parent explained that she could “breathe a little bit easier when my two Black sons leave the house and they’re not wearing a hood.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With support from the NWLC, Neal, Zerwitz and the task force members worked through these tensions. “Sometimes in wanting to protect our young people, we end up reinforcing the very inequalities that the world puts on them,” said Evans. “The solution to sexual harassment isn’t to get girls to cover up. The solution to police violence and racist violence is not to punish Black boys for wearing hoodies.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Long-term benefits and impact\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The results of the schoolwide effort to change the dress code came at the end of the 2017-18 school year when Alice Deal Middle School introduced a revised, gender non-specific and relaxed dress code. Students were required to cover the core of their bodies with opaque fabric, but there was greater flexibility with articles like crop tops and hoodies. Importantly, teachers were advised not to remove students from class if they violated the dress code. Principal Neal saw a decrease in dress code-related disciplinary actions. Students reported feeling more comfortable expressing their identities, which is\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59008/5-strategies-for-developing-a-school-wide-culture-of-healing\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> associated with overall well-being\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite the positive changes, in interviews last year, some students reported that certain staff members still commented on what they wore. “We’re still working with staff,” said Neal. “I need to check with students and see if people are dress coding them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The journey to a new dress code was a source of pride for students. In a graduation shortly after the revised dress code was implemented, Zerwitz listened to a student speaker talk about how the class collectively achieved this transformation. It was evident to Zerwitz that the students understood the power of their voices and felt empowered by the impact they had at their school. “Those kids — all of the ones that came to the listening sessions or wrote a note in the little box or whatever — all of them contributed in some way to this,” said Zerwitz. “And, hopefully, [they went to high school] knowing that their voice matters.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Welcome to MindShift. Where we explore the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Nimah Gobir.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every day, when students get ready in the morning, they are faced with a challenge: [dramatic music] deciding what to wear to school that day.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They have to weigh a lot of factors. Like…What makes me feel comfortable? What’s the weather outside? And maybe even What will my crush in 3rd period think about my fit?\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 7th grade, when Zya Kinney was in her favorite outfit, you couldn’t tell her nothing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I wore my red skirt with a spaghetti strap kind of tank top – And I had no leggings on. I was feeling myself! \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Zya’s twenty-three now. She was talking about when she was a student at Alice Deal Middle School in Washington, DC. It was ten years ago, but she remembers how putting on the perfect outfit could make her feel good about herself.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I would just put on whatever was comfortable and whatever was like kind of cute. And i would have my little pop out moments here and there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> One of the reasons Zya remembers the outfit she wore is because it was the day she got dress coded. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That means she was in violation of the school’s rules that dictate what students should and should not wear. There’s usually language about visible skin, footwear and even hair in some cases. Most schools have them, but they can be flawed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Leora Tanenbaum:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The big irony, of course, that lies at the heart of school dress codes is that they are drafted with the intention of eliminating distraction and helping learners. But the opposite actually happens in the end because learners themselves are targeted and therefore they are unable to focus on learning. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s writer and researcher Leora Tanenbaum. She also calls out dress code incidents on her Instagram. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Leora Tanenbaum:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Where they go wrong is when they are gendered. When the codes are created with a presupposition that girls’ bodies pose a distraction to other learners and therefore girls’ bodies need to be covered up in a specific way. And therefore the dress code is drafted in a way that has different language and different rules depending on one’s gender.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> If you violate the dress code, a teacher might call you over to talk with you privately about your clothes or you’ll be sent to the principal’s office. You might have to do the fingertip test where you put your hands by your sides and see if your skirt or shorts go past your fingertips.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Leora Tanenbaum:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It embarrasses the student. It makes her all of a sudden very aware of her physicality in a way that she may not have been at all. The teacher might assume she was aware of her physicality but you can’t assume that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zya was in class when she got dress coded. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">My teacher gave us some work to do. Like just busy work or whatever. And she’s like, ‘Can I talk to you, you know, outside the classroom?’ You know, I think I’m not even thinking it has something to do with my outfit. She said ” Your skirt is too short.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When Zya put her hands at her sides, her middle fingertips were just barely past her skirt!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and, do you know, they made me change it to my gym shorts? I’m walking around here, cute up top, gym down, down…down below, like I’m not looking the same. And I remember being so upset about it because it’s like, Why are you sexualizing a seventh grader? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> To her, it was so much more than having to change clothes. She was trying to fit in and be confident and her school basically told her that she was doing it wrong.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I can’t lie and tell you that the popular girls weren’t wearing the skirts and had all the new things. They had the accessories. They had like three different book bags in rotation when I had just the one backpack. And I definitely remember seeing the difference in attention that they would get from guys and stuff like that, and then even their girlfriends. Like I felt like they were always the ones that you chose for stuff or, you know, they were like the most likable people and everything. And while I was, I was okay with myself, but I was also really insecure too. [00:07:01][19.3]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Zya, who’s Black, also noticed something else about the dress codes… \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It wasn’t until I started wearing skirts and dresses and I noticed how my white friends wouldn’t have anything said to them about what they have on. And I realized, okay, if I wear a skirt and she wears a skirt, we have on two different skirts.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And Zya was on to something. Here’s researcher and writer Nia Evans.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m basically a Black girl who grew up in D.C. And when I was working at the National Women’s Law Center, we were doing a lot of research about what we call school push out.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> School push out is basically when schools use disciplinary actions that exclude students. These discipline practices often end up forcing students out of school altogether.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What we found was that dress codes were consistently coming up as a massive contributor to school push out. That black girls in particular were being unfairly targeted by school dress codes. But not only were they being treated differently in school, they were being removed from schools.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> At the time she was doing this research – around 2018. Black girls had some of the highest suspension rates in the country. So high that the obama administration opened investigations into school discipline policies. back then black girls were 20 times more likely to be suspended than white girls. And to be clear, it was not because Black girls were misbehaving more, it’s because they were being targeted by harsher rules.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We decided to partner with the experts when it comes to dress codes, which is students. We recruited over 20 young people, ages 12 to 18 from 12 different high schools in Washington, D.C., to be our co-researchers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Nia worked with them to produce a report about their experiences with dress codes and how they’re enforced. What they found confirmed Zya’s suspicions: for black students, dress codes hit different.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Dress codes often are steeped in race and gender stereotypes. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They were using language saying, you know, girls need to cover up to avoid from distracting boys or black girls can’t wear head wraps because it’s unprofessional or it’s not neat. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At a high level, a lot of these rules are sort of remnants of racist, sexist ideas and are invested in and are a mechanism to sort of keep students in line and to communicate a certain narrative around what it means to be professional, what it means to be neat, what it means to be successful. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Many schools will defend their dress code saying that they want their students to be prepared to dress for jobs as an adult, but that’s open to interpretation. Different jobs require different clothes. Zya, the 23 year old I spoke to dresses pretty casually for her job at ABC studios because she’s running around delivering scripts to producers all day. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When dress codes come into question, sometimes the response is to put kids in uniforms – almost half of schools and preschools use uniforms now. It makes sense… If everyone has to wear the same thing that means no more problems right? Well… not necessarily. Here’s Nia again.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From a growth standpoint, you’re taking an opportunity away from students to be able to express themselves. Uniforms are often gender specific, which means, again, we are enforcing what we think girls should look like, boys should look like. We’re not creating a lot of space for any in between any type of spectrum. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The students that Nia worked with offered a few solutions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A lot of them recommended that schools create dress code task force forces, where teachers and administrators and parents and students can come together and really start with the question of what is the goal of this? Why do we have a dress code? What is the point? Is it achieving its goals? And if it’s not, do we need it? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> So it really ignited, I think, a long overdue issue in D.C. And we saw a lot of student and parent activism as a result of it. And some teachers and administrators listened. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> News of this report reached the principal at Zya’s former school – Alice Deal middle school. And when we get back from the break we’ll hear about what THE principal did when she took a closer look at her school’s dress code. Her reaction may surprise you.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When I talked to Principal Diedre Neal from Alice Deal Middle School she said that moments ago there were three young women in her office. One was wearing ripped jeans, another was wearing a tube top, and another wearing a spaghetti strap tank top. Ordinarily, they all would have gotten dress coded, but something amazing happened: Principal Neal didn’t care. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And that’s significant because dress codes used to be a situation…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Diedre Neal:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Every spring when children wanted to shift from, you know, long pants to shorts and skirts, there would be either commentary or and I’m smiling because there was always a petition. It was always a petition. And I remember saying, “I can’t wait until we solve this issue, and then you can move on and give me a petition for something else.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> After reading the dress code report, Principal Neal recognized that it was probably time for dress codes to change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Diedre Neal:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Over time, like enforcing it. I would say there was cognitive dissonance.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> People were being sent out of class to address what they had on. So they were in class , they had their work, they were engaging, they were learning, and so we took them away from their learning to have a conversation about what they were wearing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> She needed to figure out what it would take to make Alice Deal’s dress code work in favor of learning. To get started, Principal Neal partnered with a parent named Debb Zerwitz.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Debb Zerwitz: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We announced that we were going to be creating a task force to review and update the dress code.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They created a little set up outside the school cafeteria .\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Debb Zerwitz:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> We put up big poster boards with questions like.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Debb Zerwitz:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> What changes would you make to the dress code? What do you think about school uniforms? And what should the consequences be for violating a dress code?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They had post-it notes in all these different colors so students could stick their ideas to the poster board. And they had 4 listening sessions where they would get feedback and input from students, administrators and parents. They had conversations with parents who wanted to keep the dress code for really valid reasons. For example, a lot of schools don’t let students wear hoodies. Black parents didn’t want their kids wearing hooded sweatshirts out the door because of Trayvon Martin.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[News clip\u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Trayvon Martin was wearing a gray hoodie the night he was killed, a fact that caught the attention of neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman. \u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zimmerman: This guy looks like he’s up to no good or he’s on drugs or something. \u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dispatcher: Did you see what he was wearing? \u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zimmerman: Yeah. A dark hoodie. Like a gray hoodie. \u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: A few minutes later Zimmerman shot Trayvon Martin, he claims, in self defense.]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> One Black parent in one of the listening sessions, said she liked having the support of the school dress code, to keep her child from wearing hoodies . \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Debb Zerwitz:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> She said I can point to the policy and say you’re going to get in trouble and you’re going to get you’re going to have to change your clothes and it’s going to be embarrassing that that helps me at home if there’s a policy. Who the hell am I to, like, dismiss this mother telling me like, I like the dress code? And this is one of the reasons why. Like, of course I hear you. You know I do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another thing that surfaced in the listening sessions were some generational differences. In many cases it’s older Black adults telling younger black kids that they need to look more presentable. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In other words, they leaned into respectability politics, a way of trying to navigate prejudice and discrimination by making oneself match the visual standards set by those in power. . It’s basically saying, “Hey, look, we’re just like you, so you should respect us and treat us better!”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nia — she’s the researcher who made the dress code report with students — noticed respectability politics in dress codes too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You also have a deeper layer of Black teachers and young people and parents who love each other, who are really struggling with how to keep kids safe. And the same way the solution to sexual harassment isn’t to get girls to cover up. The solution to police violence and racist violence is not to punish black boys for wearing hoodies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I don’t think you can dress your way out of racism and sexism. I don’t. And I also think that sometimes in wanting to protect our young people, we end up reinforcing the very inequalities that the world puts on them.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Dress codes actually hold a lot of our values and fears and anxieties as a culture. It says a lot about how we want students and young people to move through the world, how we want to protect them, how we want to set them up for success and our baggage as a culture around race and gender and sexuality and different identities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Based on what she learned from all the feedback , Principal Neal with the help of Deb and the National Women’s Law Center ended up changing their dress code to be more casual and gender nonspecific. Technically, students are required to wear clothing that covers the core of the student’s body including private areas and midriff, with opaque fabric. But no one really says anything about crop tops. Even if a student is in violation of the dress code they are not supposed to be taken out of class. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the dress code changed, students had an enthusiastic response. All the clothing they couldn’t wear before was on display. Here’s Principal Neal again.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Principal Neal: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was just on parade and then they ran out of the completely outrageous things and it leveled off.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A student even mentioned in their graduation speech the way Alice Deal middle school’s student body had worked together to change the dress code. It was clear that being part of creating meaningful change at their school felt really empowering to students. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> To find out what Alice Deal Middle School Students are wearing these days we went straight to the source. These students may be walking down hallways instead of the red carpet, but I still wanted to know “Who are you wearing?” “How did you achieve this look?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 1: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I like to put on something that’ll make me comfortable and also make me feel good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 2:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Jewelry is a really big part of like, what I wear. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 3: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I’m wearing leggings right now, but that’s kind of just because it’s kind of colder right now than it normally is.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 2:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I have a lot of bracelets on most of the time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 1: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Right now I’m just wearing sweatpants and my Reeboks, which are the shoes that I like to wear because they’re comfortable.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 4: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I mostly wear crocs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sweatpants. Crocs. Leggings. They sound pretty unburdened. And you know what else….they sound comfy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I feel like, in a sense, we don’t really have a dress code like we’re allowed to wear what we want. But like to a certain point. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But not all teachers and administrators are fully on board. Some students mentioned that there are still teachers at the school who call them out for what they’re wearing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s one thing to change a policy, but it’s another thing to change the hearts and minds of all the administrators and teachers. Here’s principal Neal talking about next steps.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Diedre Neal: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’re still working with staff. I now know that I need to check with students and see if people are dress coding them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some might call what Principal Neal did intellectual humility. It involves recognizing the limits of what you think you know. When Principal Neal learned more from students, parents and research, she realized the dress codes might be doing more harm than good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>Alice Deal Middle School set out to re-evaluate their dress code and even though they’re still working with teachers on changing their mindsets, it is a step towards better reflecting the needs and identities of their students. It’s important to involve students in the process of creating policies that impact them. While it may not solve every problem, it is an essential step towards finding more equitable and inclusive solutions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thank you to Lawrence Lanahan, Zya Kinney, Leora Tanenbaum, Nia Evans, Debb Zerwitz, Principal Diedre Neal and students at Alice Deal Middle School\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The MindShift team includes Ki Sung, Kara Newhouse, Marlena Jackson Retondo and me, Nimah Gobir. Our editor is Chris Hambrick, Seth Samuel is our sound designer, Jen Chien is our head of podcasts, and Holly Kernan is KQED’s chief content officer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MindShift’s intellectual humility series is supported by the Greater Good Science Center’s “Expanding Awareness of the Science of Intellectual Humility” project and the Templeton Foundation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MindShift is also supported in part by the generosity of the William & Flora Hewlett Foundation and members of KQED. Thank you for listening!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#episode-transcript\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 2018, following the reveal of a new dress code, students enthusiastically showed up to Alice Deal Middle School in spaghetti straps, flip flops and short hemlines. “It was just on parade,” said Principal Diedre Neal about students’ attire. With time, the strappy, short outfits leveled off. Neal said that while \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59687/middle-schoolers-are-social-what-opportunity-does-that-create-for-learning\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">adolescents revel in novelty\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, their desire to be comfortable won out in the end: “They ran out of completely outrageous things. The completely outrageous things are also not comfortable or feasible.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The decision to reevaluate the dress code arose from the realization that the existing policies were no longer aligned with the needs of the students at Alice Deal, a public middle school in Washington, D.C. Prior to the change, students were pulled out of class if their outfits violated the school dress code. “They had their work. They were engaging. They were learning,” said Neal. “And we took them away from their learning to have a conversation about what they were wearing.” For instance, Zya Kinney, now 23, remembered getting pulled out of class by a teacher and being asked to do the “fingertip test” — a practice where students put their hand by their sides to see if the hemline of their shorts or skirts pass their fingertips. When Kinney’s skirt did not pass her fingertips, she had to change into her gym shorts. “I had to go back to that classroom,” said Kinney, who described herself as an insecure middle schooler. “That is embarrassing.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To reshape the policy in a way that truly supported student learning and wellbeing, Neal embraced a school-wide approach. She knew that for an updated dress code to be successful and work for learners, it required the active involvement from the students and community members it would impact.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Identify the gaps\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The catalyst for changing the dress code at Alice Deal came in the form of a \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nwlc.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/5.1web_Final_nwlc_DressCodeReport.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">dress code report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> written by Nia Evans from the National Women’s Law Center (NWLC) and a group of students in 2018. The report brought to light the discriminatory and harmful effects of dress code policies at schools in D.C. Evans’ research focused on school pushout — when schools use \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58817/how-changing-schools-culture-of-discipline-paves-the-way-for-inclusivity\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">exclusionary discipline practices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that result in students leaving school altogether. “What we found in conversations with students, parents and teachers was that dress codes were consistently coming up as a massive contributor to school push out,” Evans said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She recruited over 20 young people ages 12 to 18 to research dress codes with her and produce a report on dress codes featuring the twelve schools they collectively attended in DC. Their findings exposed gender and race stereotypes within dress code policies. “They were using language saying girls need to cover up to avoid distracting boys or Black girls can’t wear head wraps because it’s unprofessional or it’s not neat,” said Evans.These policies resulted in harsh punishments ranging from disrupting classroom time to suspensions. According to a Government Accountability Office \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-23-105348\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 90% of dress codes have policies that dictate what girls can wear. The NWLC found that Black girls, who had the highest suspension rate in the country compared to white girls, were being unfairly targeted by school dress codes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Uniforms, which are lauded as a way to reduce the appearance of economic disparity, proved to be an imperfect solution. Nearly 20% of the nation’s public schools and preschools require uniforms, according to the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d21/tables/dt21_233.60.asp\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">National Center for Education Statistics\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Over the course of their research, students found that uniforms, often sold at specific stores, can become a financial burden for many families. They can also be limiting from a developmental standpoint. “You’re taking an opportunity away from students to be able to express themselves,” Evans said. The student researchers found that uniforms can alienate non-binary students. “We are enforcing what we think girls should look like and what boys should look like. We’re not creating a lot of space for any type of spectrum,” Evans added.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The student researchers proposed solutions for school leaders looking to improve their dress codes. They recommended the creation of dress code task forces, made up of teachers, administrators, parents, and students, to discuss whether a school’s dress code achieved the intended goals. They emphasized the importance of, allowing students to express their authentic selves, including cultural representations like headwraps and Black hairstyles. Additionally, students called for gender-neutral dress codes that didn’t require students to have to wear specific clothes because of their gender identity. They also suggested taking out vague language such as ‘distracting’ or ‘inappropriate’ from dress code policies, as it often leaves room for teacher bias and subjective interpretation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Collaboration and communication\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At Alice Deal, Principal Neal partnered with parent Deborah Zerwitz to get input from students and families before changing the dress code. Zerwitz drew insights from the NWLC report, as well as from \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.today.com/style/high-school-changes-dress-code-promote-body-positivity-t115656\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">student-centered practices from Evanston Township High School in Illinois\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a school that had changed their dress code the year prior. Recognizing the need to foster a respectful and equitable learning environment, Evanston Township engaged in collaborative discussions involving students, parents, teachers, and administrators to redefine their dress code guidelines. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Neal let parents know in her weekly newsletter that they could attend four listening sessions for students, parents and administrators to voice their ideas and opinions on the dress code. Listening sessions were offered at various times and locations on and off the school campus to make them as accessible as possible. To gather even more student feedback, Zerwitz put up poster boards outside of the school cafeteria with questions like:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What changes would you make to the dress code?”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What do you think about school uniforms?”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“What should the consequences be for violating a dress code?”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students could stick post-it notes to the board with their answers or place anonymous ideas in a shoebox with a slot in it.. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, Neal and Zerwitz created a task force made up of student and parent volunteers. “Somebody’s got to put pen to paper at some point,” said Zerwitz. “We were trying to identify a core group of people that will actually take all this information and distill it.” The task force used the feedback from the listening sessions and posters to create the new dress code.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC9608676364&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"c-message__edited_label\" dir=\"ltr\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Empowering students and redefining dress code policies\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zerwitz and Neal received diverse feedback about the dress code, with students, particularly girls, expressing their desire to be heard and understood. “They wanted to say how it was making them feel. And they felt awkward. They felt like, ‘Why are these grown ups looking at me every morning and telling me something’s wrong?” Zerwitz said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The consensus from teachers was that they did not like spending time enforcing the dress code. However, some teachers — usually older teachers, Zerwitz said — tended to think the students should dress professionally for school and were in favor of a strict dress code. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Among parents, safety concerns surfaced. For example, a parent of two Black boys said that she likes using the dress code policies as a reason her son cannot wear hoodies to school. Citing concerns about stereotypes and racial profiling, especially considering incidents like the 2012 killing of Trayvon Martin, the parent explained that she could “breathe a little bit easier when my two Black sons leave the house and they’re not wearing a hood.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With support from the NWLC, Neal, Zerwitz and the task force members worked through these tensions. “Sometimes in wanting to protect our young people, we end up reinforcing the very inequalities that the world puts on them,” said Evans. “The solution to sexual harassment isn’t to get girls to cover up. The solution to police violence and racist violence is not to punish Black boys for wearing hoodies.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Long-term benefits and impact\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The results of the schoolwide effort to change the dress code came at the end of the 2017-18 school year when Alice Deal Middle School introduced a revised, gender non-specific and relaxed dress code. Students were required to cover the core of their bodies with opaque fabric, but there was greater flexibility with articles like crop tops and hoodies. Importantly, teachers were advised not to remove students from class if they violated the dress code. Principal Neal saw a decrease in dress code-related disciplinary actions. Students reported feeling more comfortable expressing their identities, which is\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59008/5-strategies-for-developing-a-school-wide-culture-of-healing\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> associated with overall well-being\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Despite the positive changes, in interviews last year, some students reported that certain staff members still commented on what they wore. “We’re still working with staff,” said Neal. “I need to check with students and see if people are dress coding them.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The journey to a new dress code was a source of pride for students. In a graduation shortly after the revised dress code was implemented, Zerwitz listened to a student speaker talk about how the class collectively achieved this transformation. It was evident to Zerwitz that the students understood the power of their voices and felt empowered by the impact they had at their school. “Those kids — all of the ones that came to the listening sessions or wrote a note in the little box or whatever — all of them contributed in some way to this,” said Zerwitz. “And, hopefully, [they went to high school] knowing that their voice matters.”\u003c/span>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-content post-body\">\u003ch2 id=\"episode-transcript\">Episode Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Welcome to MindShift. Where we explore the future of learning and how we raise our kids. I’m Nimah Gobir.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Every day, when students get ready in the morning, they are faced with a challenge: [dramatic music] deciding what to wear to school that day.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They have to weigh a lot of factors. Like…What makes me feel comfortable? What’s the weather outside? And maybe even What will my crush in 3rd period think about my fit?\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In 7th grade, when Zya Kinney was in her favorite outfit, you couldn’t tell her nothing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I wore my red skirt with a spaghetti strap kind of tank top – And I had no leggings on. I was feeling myself! \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Zya’s twenty-three now. She was talking about when she was a student at Alice Deal Middle School in Washington, DC. It was ten years ago, but she remembers how putting on the perfect outfit could make her feel good about herself.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I would just put on whatever was comfortable and whatever was like kind of cute. And i would have my little pop out moments here and there.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> One of the reasons Zya remembers the outfit she wore is because it was the day she got dress coded. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That means she was in violation of the school’s rules that dictate what students should and should not wear. There’s usually language about visible skin, footwear and even hair in some cases. Most schools have them, but they can be flawed.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Leora Tanenbaum:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The big irony, of course, that lies at the heart of school dress codes is that they are drafted with the intention of eliminating distraction and helping learners. But the opposite actually happens in the end because learners themselves are targeted and therefore they are unable to focus on learning. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">That’s writer and researcher Leora Tanenbaum. She also calls out dress code incidents on her Instagram. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Leora Tanenbaum:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Where they go wrong is when they are gendered. When the codes are created with a presupposition that girls’ bodies pose a distraction to other learners and therefore girls’ bodies need to be covered up in a specific way. And therefore the dress code is drafted in a way that has different language and different rules depending on one’s gender.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> If you violate the dress code, a teacher might call you over to talk with you privately about your clothes or you’ll be sent to the principal’s office. You might have to do the fingertip test where you put your hands by your sides and see if your skirt or shorts go past your fingertips.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Leora Tanenbaum:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> It embarrasses the student. It makes her all of a sudden very aware of her physicality in a way that she may not have been at all. The teacher might assume she was aware of her physicality but you can’t assume that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zya was in class when she got dress coded. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">My teacher gave us some work to do. Like just busy work or whatever. And she’s like, ‘Can I talk to you, you know, outside the classroom?’ You know, I think I’m not even thinking it has something to do with my outfit. She said ” Your skirt is too short.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When Zya put her hands at her sides, her middle fingertips were just barely past her skirt!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> and, do you know, they made me change it to my gym shorts? I’m walking around here, cute up top, gym down, down…down below, like I’m not looking the same. And I remember being so upset about it because it’s like, Why are you sexualizing a seventh grader? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> To her, it was so much more than having to change clothes. She was trying to fit in and be confident and her school basically told her that she was doing it wrong.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I can’t lie and tell you that the popular girls weren’t wearing the skirts and had all the new things. They had the accessories. They had like three different book bags in rotation when I had just the one backpack. And I definitely remember seeing the difference in attention that they would get from guys and stuff like that, and then even their girlfriends. Like I felt like they were always the ones that you chose for stuff or, you know, they were like the most likable people and everything. And while I was, I was okay with myself, but I was also really insecure too. [00:07:01][19.3]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Zya, who’s Black, also noticed something else about the dress codes… \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Zya Kinney: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It wasn’t until I started wearing skirts and dresses and I noticed how my white friends wouldn’t have anything said to them about what they have on. And I realized, okay, if I wear a skirt and she wears a skirt, we have on two different skirts.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And Zya was on to something. Here’s researcher and writer Nia Evans.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I’m basically a Black girl who grew up in D.C. And when I was working at the National Women’s Law Center, we were doing a lot of research about what we call school push out.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> School push out is basically when schools use disciplinary actions that exclude students. These discipline practices often end up forcing students out of school altogether.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What we found was that dress codes were consistently coming up as a massive contributor to school push out. That black girls in particular were being unfairly targeted by school dress codes. But not only were they being treated differently in school, they were being removed from schools.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> At the time she was doing this research – around 2018. Black girls had some of the highest suspension rates in the country. So high that the obama administration opened investigations into school discipline policies. back then black girls were 20 times more likely to be suspended than white girls. And to be clear, it was not because Black girls were misbehaving more, it’s because they were being targeted by harsher rules.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We decided to partner with the experts when it comes to dress codes, which is students. We recruited over 20 young people, ages 12 to 18 from 12 different high schools in Washington, D.C., to be our co-researchers. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Nia worked with them to produce a report about their experiences with dress codes and how they’re enforced. What they found confirmed Zya’s suspicions: for black students, dress codes hit different.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Dress codes often are steeped in race and gender stereotypes. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They were using language saying, you know, girls need to cover up to avoid from distracting boys or black girls can’t wear head wraps because it’s unprofessional or it’s not neat. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At a high level, a lot of these rules are sort of remnants of racist, sexist ideas and are invested in and are a mechanism to sort of keep students in line and to communicate a certain narrative around what it means to be professional, what it means to be neat, what it means to be successful. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Many schools will defend their dress code saying that they want their students to be prepared to dress for jobs as an adult, but that’s open to interpretation. Different jobs require different clothes. Zya, the 23 year old I spoke to dresses pretty casually for her job at ABC studios because she’s running around delivering scripts to producers all day. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When dress codes come into question, sometimes the response is to put kids in uniforms – almost half of schools and preschools use uniforms now. It makes sense… If everyone has to wear the same thing that means no more problems right? Well… not necessarily. Here’s Nia again.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">From a growth standpoint, you’re taking an opportunity away from students to be able to express themselves. Uniforms are often gender specific, which means, again, we are enforcing what we think girls should look like, boys should look like. We’re not creating a lot of space for any in between any type of spectrum. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> The students that Nia worked with offered a few solutions.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A lot of them recommended that schools create dress code task force forces, where teachers and administrators and parents and students can come together and really start with the question of what is the goal of this? Why do we have a dress code? What is the point? Is it achieving its goals? And if it’s not, do we need it? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> So it really ignited, I think, a long overdue issue in D.C. And we saw a lot of student and parent activism as a result of it. And some teachers and administrators listened. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> News of this report reached the principal at Zya’s former school – Alice Deal middle school. And when we get back from the break we’ll hear about what THE principal did when she took a closer look at her school’s dress code. Her reaction may surprise you.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> When I talked to Principal Diedre Neal from Alice Deal Middle School she said that moments ago there were three young women in her office. One was wearing ripped jeans, another was wearing a tube top, and another wearing a spaghetti strap tank top. Ordinarily, they all would have gotten dress coded, but something amazing happened: Principal Neal didn’t care. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> And that’s significant because dress codes used to be a situation…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Diedre Neal:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Every spring when children wanted to shift from, you know, long pants to shorts and skirts, there would be either commentary or and I’m smiling because there was always a petition. It was always a petition. And I remember saying, “I can’t wait until we solve this issue, and then you can move on and give me a petition for something else.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> After reading the dress code report, Principal Neal recognized that it was probably time for dress codes to change.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Diedre Neal:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Over time, like enforcing it. I would say there was cognitive dissonance.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> People were being sent out of class to address what they had on. So they were in class , they had their work, they were engaging, they were learning, and so we took them away from their learning to have a conversation about what they were wearing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> She needed to figure out what it would take to make Alice Deal’s dress code work in favor of learning. To get started, Principal Neal partnered with a parent named Debb Zerwitz.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Debb Zerwitz: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We announced that we were going to be creating a task force to review and update the dress code.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They created a little set up outside the school cafeteria .\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Debb Zerwitz:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> We put up big poster boards with questions like.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Debb Zerwitz:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> What changes would you make to the dress code? What do you think about school uniforms? And what should the consequences be for violating a dress code?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They had post-it notes in all these different colors so students could stick their ideas to the poster board. And they had 4 listening sessions where they would get feedback and input from students, administrators and parents. They had conversations with parents who wanted to keep the dress code for really valid reasons. For example, a lot of schools don’t let students wear hoodies. Black parents didn’t want their kids wearing hooded sweatshirts out the door because of Trayvon Martin.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[News clip\u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: Trayvon Martin was wearing a gray hoodie the night he was killed, a fact that caught the attention of neighborhood watch volunteer George Zimmerman. \u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zimmerman: This guy looks like he’s up to no good or he’s on drugs or something. \u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dispatcher: Did you see what he was wearing? \u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zimmerman: Yeah. A dark hoodie. Like a gray hoodie. \u003c/span>\u003c/i> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Reporter: A few minutes later Zimmerman shot Trayvon Martin, he claims, in self defense.]\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> One Black parent in one of the listening sessions, said she liked having the support of the school dress code, to keep her child from wearing hoodies . \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Debb Zerwitz:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> She said I can point to the policy and say you’re going to get in trouble and you’re going to get you’re going to have to change your clothes and it’s going to be embarrassing that that helps me at home if there’s a policy. Who the hell am I to, like, dismiss this mother telling me like, I like the dress code? And this is one of the reasons why. Like, of course I hear you. You know I do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another thing that surfaced in the listening sessions were some generational differences. In many cases it’s older Black adults telling younger black kids that they need to look more presentable. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In other words, they leaned into respectability politics, a way of trying to navigate prejudice and discrimination by making oneself match the visual standards set by those in power. . It’s basically saying, “Hey, look, we’re just like you, so you should respect us and treat us better!”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nia — she’s the researcher who made the dress code report with students — noticed respectability politics in dress codes too.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You also have a deeper layer of Black teachers and young people and parents who love each other, who are really struggling with how to keep kids safe. And the same way the solution to sexual harassment isn’t to get girls to cover up. The solution to police violence and racist violence is not to punish black boys for wearing hoodies. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I don’t think you can dress your way out of racism and sexism. I don’t. And I also think that sometimes in wanting to protect our young people, we end up reinforcing the very inequalities that the world puts on them.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nia Evans:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Dress codes actually hold a lot of our values and fears and anxieties as a culture. It says a lot about how we want students and young people to move through the world, how we want to protect them, how we want to set them up for success and our baggage as a culture around race and gender and sexuality and different identities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Based on what she learned from all the feedback , Principal Neal with the help of Deb and the National Women’s Law Center ended up changing their dress code to be more casual and gender nonspecific. Technically, students are required to wear clothing that covers the core of the student’s body including private areas and midriff, with opaque fabric. But no one really says anything about crop tops. Even if a student is in violation of the dress code they are not supposed to be taken out of class. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When the dress code changed, students had an enthusiastic response. All the clothing they couldn’t wear before was on display. Here’s Principal Neal again.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Principal Neal: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It was just on parade and then they ran out of the completely outrageous things and it leveled off.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> A student even mentioned in their graduation speech the way Alice Deal middle school’s student body had worked together to change the dress code. It was clear that being part of creating meaningful change at their school felt really empowering to students. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> To find out what Alice Deal Middle School Students are wearing these days we went straight to the source. These students may be walking down hallways instead of the red carpet, but I still wanted to know “Who are you wearing?” “How did you achieve this look?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 1: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I like to put on something that’ll make me comfortable and also make me feel good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 2:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Jewelry is a really big part of like, what I wear. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 3: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I’m wearing leggings right now, but that’s kind of just because it’s kind of colder right now than it normally is.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 2:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> I have a lot of bracelets on most of the time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 1: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Right now I’m just wearing sweatpants and my Reeboks, which are the shoes that I like to wear because they’re comfortable.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student 4: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I mostly wear crocs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sweatpants. Crocs. Leggings. They sound pretty unburdened. And you know what else….they sound comfy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Student: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">I feel like, in a sense, we don’t really have a dress code like we’re allowed to wear what we want. But like to a certain point. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But not all teachers and administrators are fully on board. Some students mentioned that there are still teachers at the school who call them out for what they’re wearing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s one thing to change a policy, but it’s another thing to change the hearts and minds of all the administrators and teachers. Here’s principal Neal talking about next steps.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Diedre Neal: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We’re still working with staff. I now know that I need to check with students and see if people are dress coding them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some might call what Principal Neal did intellectual humility. It involves recognizing the limits of what you think you know. When Principal Neal learned more from students, parents and research, she realized the dress codes might be doing more harm than good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>Alice Deal Middle School set out to re-evaluate their dress code and even though they’re still working with teachers on changing their mindsets, it is a step towards better reflecting the needs and identities of their students. It’s important to involve students in the process of creating policies that impact them. While it may not solve every problem, it is an essential step towards finding more equitable and inclusive solutions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Thank you to Lawrence Lanahan, Zya Kinney, Leora Tanenbaum, Nia Evans, Debb Zerwitz, Principal Diedre Neal and students at Alice Deal Middle School\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The MindShift team includes Ki Sung, Kara Newhouse, Marlena Jackson Retondo and me, Nimah Gobir. Our editor is Chris Hambrick, Seth Samuel is our sound designer, Jen Chien is our head of podcasts, and Holly Kernan is KQED’s chief content officer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MindShift’s intellectual humility series is supported by the Greater Good Science Center’s “Expanding Awareness of the Science of Intellectual Humility” project and the Templeton Foundation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nimah Gobir: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MindShift is also supported in part by the generosity of the William & Flora Hewlett Foundation and members of KQED. Thank you for listening!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>"
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Only yes means yes, take nothing more and nothing less.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Your body, your choice, consent gives everyone a voice.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhymes like these are often used to teach and reinforce the essential definition of consent: that all parties need to fully agree to take part in an activity or behavior. While they’re catchy and memorable — a consent-related song and dance even became \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8W4oKiEQph0\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a popular TikTok trend\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> — these kinds of phrases don’t cover the full extent of what’s needed for kids to understand consent in today’s world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The primary goal of consent education is to foster healthy and respectful relationships rooted in mutual understanding and effective communication. And kids want to learn these skills. Harvard Graduate School of Education’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://mcc.gse.harvard.edu/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Making Caring Common\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (MCC) surveyed over 3,000 young adults and high school students and found that young adults want more guidance about developing caring, long-lasting relationships. “We do almost nothing to prepare young people for the subtle, tender, generous, focused, disciplined, tough, wonderful work of learning how to love somebody else and learning how to be loved,” said Richard Weissbourd, the director of MCC.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">However, consent education sometimes faces resistance from parents and community members who worry that the topics covered are too mature. As a result, implementing consent education programs in schools can be a challenge. In Utah, for example, when state representative Carol Spackman Moss – a former English teacher – \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2021/02/20/second-try-bill-updating/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">proposed a bill to mandate consent education\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, opposing groups claimed the legislation promoted sexual activity. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sltrib.com/news/2022/03/08/i-was-just-stunned-bill/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The bill failed.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When politicians and activists focus on the “sex” part of consent, they forget that consent can be applied to many non-sexual situations, said health educator \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54805/how-parents-can-talk-with-their-teens-about-sex-and-consent\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shafia Zaloom\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Kids are navigating complex social landscapes every day, and their brains are primed to seek social acceptance. When young people say “no” to things like vaping or cheating, they’re saying no to the social power and the meaning that that person has in their relationships, according to Zaloom. That’s hard to do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zaloom teaches health education and consent workshops at schools and nonprofit organizations. Learning to express and respect boundaries are central to her curriculum. In a class she teaches at Urban High School in San Francisco, Zaloom emphasizes that consent is not only about getting a yes or no. The goal is to make sure people leave an experience or relationship feeling respected. “That simply means that both people feel like they were treated like they have value,” she said. Through this work, she has seen that by teaching students about consent, schools can create a lasting culture of empathy and inclusion that benefits the whole community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Some schools are rethinking sex ed with lessons on consent\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/9lh4XkuG_1A?start=1&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>From space bubbles to role playing \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Zaloom defines consent with her students, she uses concepts that are suited to their developmental stage. Generally, she said, consent can be boiled down to the idea that your body belongs to you. “You get to choose how you touch and how you get touched,” said Zaloom. When she’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59875/the-case-for-starting-sex-ed-in-kindergarten-hula-hoops-recommended\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teaching young kids\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Zaloom prompts them to think about their space bubbles so little ones can easily conceptualize how they interact with each other. Zaloom is sometimes asked to speak at schools where a young child has been hugging and kissing classmates on the playground without their consent. Adults in the school typically respond to the child by saying “no means no” with regard to touching other kids. While well-intended, Zaloom said this response teaches kids that the responsibility is on the recipient to object to something like a hug or a kiss. It’s more helpful, she said, to teach that people must actively seek consent before initiating such actions. And that a “yes” in one moment doesn’t mean “yes” always. “It’s an opportunity then to engage with kids around the reasons for consent and why they’re so important,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With older students, consent definitions are less concrete because consent can be applied to so many different situations. It comes into play when a student needs to borrow a calculator from a peer or when they are asking one another to be their date to prom. Older students are more interested in what consent looks like in action, said Zaloom, who finds that many teens already know the definition of consent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her classes, Zaloom has students role play scenarios that may come up in relationships. For instance, twenty-three year old Alyssa Romo, a graduate from Urban High School,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> participated in a role play where a classmate said “I love you” when she wasn’t ready to reciprocate those feelings. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s something I still struggle with,” Romo said. “I remember thinking, ‘Oh, like it’s okay to not say [you’re in love] if you don’t want to.’” By actively participating in these scenarios, students develop skills for navigating complex emotional situations in relationships. Role playing allows students to explore different perspectives, learn effective ways to express their feelings and boundaries, and practice active listening and empathy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s really important to meet kids where they are and to find things that translate all of this language and expectation into things that don’t feel so big and overwhelming,” said Zaloom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC6515570052&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>More than a “moment of legal responsibility” \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex education is often the closest schools get to teaching about love and relationships, but sex and health education programs can fall short when they only focus on STD and pregnancy prevention. According to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://siecus.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2022-Sex-Ed-State-Law-and-Policy-Chart.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex Ed for Social Change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 16 states provide abstinence-only sex education. “It’s not about how to have an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50518/how-to-teach-teens-about-love-consent-and-emotional-intelligence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ethical, intimate relationship or sexual relationship \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with somebody else,” said MCC’s Weissbourd. While some \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882098/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">studies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> highlight the effectiveness of abstinence-based education, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30260-4/fulltext\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that abstinence-only programs do not reduce teen pregnancies or STD rates. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s so much more to think about, to take into consideration, to be attuned to, if we’re really talking about promoting healthy sexuality and relationships that are grounded in mutual respect, empathy, care and dignity,” said Zaloom. She teaches students about laws pertaining to sex and consent, but also encourages students to think of consent as a “vibe”, rather than a moment of legal responsibility, meaning that consent isn’t about just checking a box and moving on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, she talks to students about ethical sexuality, which takes into account a person’s wellbeing. So whether it’s a casual relationship or something they’ve been building up to for a long time, both people involved should be consenting and aligned. Zaloom prompts students to think about what good sex means to them. “Because you can have a consensual sexual experience that is boring. That’s embarrassing. That’s disappointing. And not that that isn’t a part of life. It certainly is. But we want to aspire to something a little more than that,” said Zaloom. “So there’s legal, there’s ethical, and then there’s what’s good.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Moving beyond popular culture messages\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MCC’s survey of teens and young adults indicates that if children do not receive education about love and relationships from their parents or schools, they are likely to seek information from popular culture, including movies and social media. While popular culture representations are not inherently negative, unchecked models of unhealthy relationships can influence young people’s perceptions. “In that way, images of the media are more damaging and dangerous than images of violence in the media,” said Weissbourd. Misconceptions can result in young people staying in unhealthy relationships, alcoholism, or domestic abuse, according to MCC’s survey. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To counteract the negative influence of popular entertainment, Zaloom assigns romantic comedies for students to watch and facilitates whole-class discussions about them. During these discussions, students identify and analyze both healthy and unhealthy relationship practices portrayed by the main characters. Romo, Zaloom’s former student, remembered watching the movie “Friends with Benefits,” and identifying the characters’ healthy relationship practices. “Like setting expectations for the relationship or boundaries or telling each other what they wanted,” said Romo. “It’s a silly movie, but that’s kind of a big deal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When done well, consent education can help young people to navigate relationships, establish boundaries, and build meaningful connections. Romo, who is recently single after ending a five-year-long relationship, said she’s insistent on how people treat her because of what she learned in Zaloom’s class. “We had a lot of conversations about setting boundaries and being conscious of what you want out of a relationship and a partner and the people in your life,” said Romo. “That really stuck with me.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: A previous version of this post misspelled Shafia Zaloom’s last name. We regret the error.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When politicians and activists focus on the “sex” part of consent, they forget that consent can be applied to many non-sexual situations, said health educator \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/54805/how-parents-can-talk-with-their-teens-about-sex-and-consent\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shafia Zaloom\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Kids are navigating complex social landscapes every day, and their brains are primed to seek social acceptance. When young people say “no” to things like vaping or cheating, they’re saying no to the social power and the meaning that that person has in their relationships, according to Zaloom. That’s hard to do.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zaloom teaches health education and consent workshops at schools and nonprofit organizations. Learning to express and respect boundaries are central to her curriculum. In a class she teaches at Urban High School in San Francisco, Zaloom emphasizes that consent is not only about getting a yes or no. The goal is to make sure people leave an experience or relationship feeling respected. “That simply means that both people feel like they were treated like they have value,” she said. Through this work, she has seen that by teaching students about consent, schools can create a lasting culture of empathy and inclusion that benefits the whole community.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Some schools are rethinking sex ed with lessons on consent\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/9lh4XkuG_1A?start=1&feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>From space bubbles to role playing \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Zaloom defines consent with her students, she uses concepts that are suited to their developmental stage. Generally, she said, consent can be boiled down to the idea that your body belongs to you. “You get to choose how you touch and how you get touched,” said Zaloom. When she’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59875/the-case-for-starting-sex-ed-in-kindergarten-hula-hoops-recommended\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teaching young kids\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Zaloom prompts them to think about their space bubbles so little ones can easily conceptualize how they interact with each other. Zaloom is sometimes asked to speak at schools where a young child has been hugging and kissing classmates on the playground without their consent. Adults in the school typically respond to the child by saying “no means no” with regard to touching other kids. While well-intended, Zaloom said this response teaches kids that the responsibility is on the recipient to object to something like a hug or a kiss. It’s more helpful, she said, to teach that people must actively seek consent before initiating such actions. And that a “yes” in one moment doesn’t mean “yes” always. “It’s an opportunity then to engage with kids around the reasons for consent and why they’re so important,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With older students, consent definitions are less concrete because consent can be applied to so many different situations. It comes into play when a student needs to borrow a calculator from a peer or when they are asking one another to be their date to prom. Older students are more interested in what consent looks like in action, said Zaloom, who finds that many teens already know the definition of consent. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In her classes, Zaloom has students role play scenarios that may come up in relationships. For instance, twenty-three year old Alyssa Romo, a graduate from Urban High School,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> participated in a role play where a classmate said “I love you” when she wasn’t ready to reciprocate those feelings. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“That’s something I still struggle with,” Romo said. “I remember thinking, ‘Oh, like it’s okay to not say [you’re in love] if you don’t want to.’” By actively participating in these scenarios, students develop skills for navigating complex emotional situations in relationships. Role playing allows students to explore different perspectives, learn effective ways to express their feelings and boundaries, and practice active listening and empathy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s really important to meet kids where they are and to find things that translate all of this language and expectation into things that don’t feel so big and overwhelming,” said Zaloom.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm/?e=KQINC6515570052&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>More than a “moment of legal responsibility” \u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex education is often the closest schools get to teaching about love and relationships, but sex and health education programs can fall short when they only focus on STD and pregnancy prevention. According to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://siecus.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/2022-Sex-Ed-State-Law-and-Policy-Chart.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sex Ed for Social Change\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, 16 states provide abstinence-only sex education. “It’s not about how to have an \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/50518/how-to-teach-teens-about-love-consent-and-emotional-intelligence\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ethical, intimate relationship or sexual relationship \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">with somebody else,” said MCC’s Weissbourd. While some \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4882098/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">studies\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> highlight the effectiveness of abstinence-based education, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(17)30260-4/fulltext\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent analysis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that abstinence-only programs do not reduce teen pregnancies or STD rates. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s so much more to think about, to take into consideration, to be attuned to, if we’re really talking about promoting healthy sexuality and relationships that are grounded in mutual respect, empathy, care and dignity,” said Zaloom. She teaches students about laws pertaining to sex and consent, but also encourages students to think of consent as a “vibe”, rather than a moment of legal responsibility, meaning that consent isn’t about just checking a box and moving on.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, she talks to students about ethical sexuality, which takes into account a person’s wellbeing. So whether it’s a casual relationship or something they’ve been building up to for a long time, both people involved should be consenting and aligned. Zaloom prompts students to think about what good sex means to them. “Because you can have a consensual sexual experience that is boring. That’s embarrassing. That’s disappointing. And not that that isn’t a part of life. It certainly is. But we want to aspire to something a little more than that,” said Zaloom. “So there’s legal, there’s ethical, and then there’s what’s good.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Moving beyond popular culture messages\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MCC’s survey of teens and young adults indicates that if children do not receive education about love and relationships from their parents or schools, they are likely to seek information from popular culture, including movies and social media. While popular culture representations are not inherently negative, unchecked models of unhealthy relationships can influence young people’s perceptions. “In that way, images of the media are more damaging and dangerous than images of violence in the media,” said Weissbourd. Misconceptions can result in young people staying in unhealthy relationships, alcoholism, or domestic abuse, according to MCC’s survey. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To counteract the negative influence of popular entertainment, Zaloom assigns romantic comedies for students to watch and facilitates whole-class discussions about them. During these discussions, students identify and analyze both healthy and unhealthy relationship practices portrayed by the main characters. Romo, Zaloom’s former student, remembered watching the movie “Friends with Benefits,” and identifying the characters’ healthy relationship practices. “Like setting expectations for the relationship or boundaries or telling each other what they wanted,” said Romo. “It’s a silly movie, but that’s kind of a big deal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When done well, consent education can help young people to navigate relationships, establish boundaries, and build meaningful connections. Romo, who is recently single after ending a five-year-long relationship, said she’s insistent on how people treat her because of what she learned in Zaloom’s class. “We had a lot of conversations about setting boundaries and being conscious of what you want out of a relationship and a partner and the people in your life,” said Romo. “That really stuck with me.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Your tween wants a smartphone \u003cem>very \u003c/em>badly. So badly that it physically hurts. And they’re giving you \u003cem>soooo \u003c/em>many reasons why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re going to middle school … they need it to collaborate with peers on school projects … they need it to tell you where they are … when they’ll be home … when the school bus is late. It’ll help \u003cem>you,\u003c/em> dear parent, they vow. Plus, all their friends have one, and they feel left out. Come on! Pleeeeeease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you click “place order” on that smartphone, pause and consider a few insights from a person who makes a living helping parents and tweens navigate the murky waters of smartphones and social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/about-emily\">Emily Cherkin\u003c/a> spent more than a decade as a middle school teacher during the early aughts. She watched firsthand as the presence of smartphones transformed life for middle schoolers. For the past four years, she’s been working as screen-time consultant, coaching parents about digital technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her first piece of advice about when to give a child a smartphone and allow them to access social media was reiterated by other experts over and over again: Delay, delay, delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“I wish I knew then what I know now”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“I have talked to hundreds of parents,” Cherkin explains, “and no one has ever said to me, ‘I wish I gave my kid a phone earlier’ or ‘I wish I’d given them social media access sooner.’ Never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, parents tell her the opposite. “I always hear, ‘I wish I had waited. I wish I knew then what I know now,’ ” she says, “because boy, once you give a child one of these devices or technologies, it is so much harder to take it back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smartphones, social media and video games create large spikes in dopamine deep inside a child’s brain. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61863/anti-dopamine-parenting-can-curb-a-kids-craving-for-screens-or-sweets\">NPR has reported\u003c/a>, those spikes pull the child’s attention to the device or app, almost like a magnet. They tell the child’s brain that this activity is super critical – way more critical than other activities that trigger smaller spikes in dopamine, such as finishing homework, helping to clean up after dinner, or even playing outside with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, parents set themselves up for a constant struggle when a child starts having their own smartphone, Cherkin says. “It’s the dopamine you’re fighting. And that’s not a fair fight. So I tell parents, ‘Delay all of it just as long as you can,'” she emphasizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means delaying, not just a smartphone, but \u003cem>any \u003c/em>device, including tablets, she suggests. By introducing a tablet at an early age, even for educational purposes, parents can establish a habit that may be hard to break later, Cherkin has observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A child using a tablet at age 6 to 8 comes to expect screen time after school,” she says. “Flash forward to age 12, and now they have a phone. And when they come home from school, they’re likely engaging with social media, instead of educational videos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neurologically, children’s brains haven’t developed enough to handle the magnetic pull of these devices and the apps on them, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as if you have the perfect storm,” Samaha explains. “You have games, social media and even pornography and shopping online, and the brains of children are just not yet ready to have the level of self-control needed to regulate their behavior with these activities. Even adults sometimes don’t have enough self-control to do that or handle some of the emotional impact of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Right-size your parenting fears\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parents often feel like once their tween starts moving around more autonomously through their neighborhood or town more, the child needs a smartphone to be safe, Cherkin says. “They may think, ‘Oh, my gosh! My kid is going to be kidnapped on the way to school. They need a phone to call me.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cherkin notes that parents tend to overestimate the dangers of the “real world” and \u003cem>underestimate\u003c/em> the dangers of a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our fears are very misplaced,” she says. “We need to think about what is statistically really likely to happen versus what’s really, really unlikely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year in the U.S. about a hundred children are abducted by strangers or people or slight acquaintances, the U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh176/files/pubs/249249.pdf\">reported\u003c/a>. Given that 50 million children, ages 6 to 17, reside in the U.S, the risk of a child being kidnapped by a stranger is about 0.0002% each year. (By comparison, the risk of being struck by lightning each year is about 0.0001%.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, giving a child a phone comes with a whole new set of risks and dangers, Cherkin says. They can be difficult for some parents to understand because they may not have much firsthand experience with specific apps, and the new threats that are emerging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in March, the nonprofit Common Sense Media \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/how-girls-really-feel-about-social-media-researchreport_web_final_2.pdf\">surveyed\u003c/a> about 1,300 girls, ages 11 to 15, about their experiences on social media. Nearly 60% of the girls who use Instagram, and nearly 60% of those who use Snapchat, said they had been contacted by a stranger that makes them uncomfortable. The same was true for 46% of those who use TikTok.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Disturbing online encounters and influences\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The same survey found that these apps often expose girls to content they find disturbing or harmful. For those that use Instagram, TikTok or Snapchat, 12% to 15% of girls see or hear content related to suicide on a daily basis. About the same percentage asaid they see or hear content about eating disorders on a daily basis as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the Center for Countering Digital Hate also found evidence that content related to suicide and disordered eating is relatively common on TikTok. In the \u003ca href=\"https://counterhate.com/research/deadly-by-design/\">investigation\u003c/a>, the nonprofit set up eight accounts ostensibly by 13-year-old children. Each user paused on and liked videos about body image and mental health. Within 30 minutes, TikTok recommended content about suicide and eating disorders to all eight accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, this content began appearing in less than three minutes. On average, TikTok suggested content about eating disorders every four minutes to the teen accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TikTok declined NPR’s request for an interview, but in an email, a spokesperson for the company wrote: “We’re committed to building age-appropriate experiences, while equipping parents with tools, like\u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/new-features-for-teens-and-families-on-tiktok-us__;!!Iwwt!TXlWyyVqWw7ko1SLp-5LloOiRlujH57BqCCTBxgALe7v3MBnbuRJg9C_l2e_RGxD4vLurQazVw_k3BzUCiaeF4o%24\"> Family Pairing\u003c/a>, to support their teen’s experience on TikTok.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma Lembke, age 20, says these findings line up with what she experienced when she first went on Instagram eight years ago. “As a 12-year-old girl, I felt like I was being constantly bombarded by bodies that I could never replicate or ones that I could try to, but it would lead me in a darker direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers just trying to look up a healthy recipe. “And from that one search, I remember being fed constant stuff about my ‘200-calorie day’ or intermittent fasting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, she says, her feed was “covered with anorexic, thin, tiny women. Dieting pills, lollipops to suppress my appetite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke developed an eating disorder. She has recovered and now is a digital advocate and founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/\">Log OFF\u003c/a> project, which helps teens build healthier relationships with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was younger, I was being prodded and poked and fed material [on social media] that was really leading me in a direction toward an eating disorder,” she says. “I think for a lot of young women, even if it doesn’t materialize into a fully fledged eating disorder, it painfully warps their sense of self by harming their body image. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram’s parent company, Meta, declined a request for an interview. But in an email, a spokesperson said the company has invested in technology that finds and removes content related to suicide, self-injury or eating disorders before anyone reports it. “We want to reassure every parent that we have their interests at heart in the work we’re doing to provide teens with safe, supportive experiences online,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A whole world of sexually explicit content\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many children also come across sexualized content, even porn, on social media apps, Cherkin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to get a sense for what your kid might encounter once you let them have a phone and popular apps, Cherkin recommends trying this: Set up a test account in one of the apps, setting the age of the user to your child’s age, and then use the account yourself for a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did that with Snapchat. I set up an account, pretending to be 15. Then I just went to the Discover feed, where it pushes content to you based on your age,” she explains. Within seconds, sexualized content and vulgar images appeared, she says. “And I thought, ‘No, this is not appropriate for a 15-year-old.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapchat’s parent company, Snap, also declined a request for an interview with NPR. A spokesperson wrote in an email: “We have largely kept misinformation, hate speech and other potentially harmful content from spreading on Snapchat. That said, we completely understand concerns about the appropriateness of the content that may be featured, and are working to strengthen protections for teens with the aim of offering them a more age-appropriate experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personally, Cherkin uses Instagram for her business. And back in March, despite all her knowledge about the traps on social media, she says she “got catfished.” She engaged with a stranger who seemed to be a teen in her DMs and eventually received obscene and disturbing photos of a man’s genitalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She \u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/think-your-kid-wont-get-porn-in-their-dms-6fd96a4dc330sourcerss-43e8070c4854------2\">writes\u003c/a> on her blog: “It’s graphic. It’s gross. And this is one teeny (lol) example of what kids and teens see ALL THE TIME.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s a parent to do? Consider smartphone alternatives\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the end, Cherkin says, there are several other in-between options for tweens besides giving them their own smartphone or denying them a phone altogether. You can:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Share your phone with your tween so they can text with and call friends.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Give your tween a “dumb phone” that only allows texting and calling. For example, buy an old-school flip phone. But if that’s out of the question because it’s not cool enough (and you have extra cash to spare), you can now buy dumb phones that look like smartphones but have extremely limited functions — no easy-access to the internet, no social media. And very little risk of inappropriate content.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch3>Try to limit the apps your child uses, but get ready to be busy monitoring them\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you do end up getting your tween a smartphone, Cherkin says, you might be tempted to simply “block” children from downloading particular apps on their phones. And in theory, this works. Parental control apps, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bark.us/\">Bark,\u003c/a> can notify you when an app is installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she says, many kids find workarounds to this approach — and really any parental controls. For instance, she says, if you block Instagram on their phone, kids can log in via the web. If you block TikTok, they might watch TikTok videos in Pinterest. Kids can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.bark.us/blog/spotify-porn-problem/#:~:text=Spotify%2C%20Amazon%20Unlimited%2C%20YouTube%20Music,filter%20off%20after%20the%20fact.\">porn on Spotify\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids are way tech savvier than we are,” Cherkin wrote in an email. “Remember how we used to program the VCR for our parents?! Every single parent who comes to me for help has a variation of this same story: ‘We had X parental controls; we blocked X sites; our child figured out how to access them anyway.’ … It’s impossible to successfully block everything — and once you do, a replacement will pop up in its place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, once you give your child a smartphone, you will likely be setting up yourself for a whole new series of parenting tasks and worries. Even Meta reveals this in its April \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxy14wjki6s\">ad for parental controls\u003c/a>: The mom in the ad is monitoring her son’s Instagram account while doing the dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=So+your+tween+wants+a+smartphone%3F+Read+this+first&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Your tween wants a smartphone \u003cem>very \u003c/em>badly. So badly that it physically hurts. And they’re giving you \u003cem>soooo \u003c/em>many reasons why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re going to middle school … they need it to collaborate with peers on school projects … they need it to tell you where they are … when they’ll be home … when the school bus is late. It’ll help \u003cem>you,\u003c/em> dear parent, they vow. Plus, all their friends have one, and they feel left out. Come on! Pleeeeeease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before you click “place order” on that smartphone, pause and consider a few insights from a person who makes a living helping parents and tweens navigate the murky waters of smartphones and social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/about-emily\">Emily Cherkin\u003c/a> spent more than a decade as a middle school teacher during the early aughts. She watched firsthand as the presence of smartphones transformed life for middle schoolers. For the past four years, she’s been working as screen-time consultant, coaching parents about digital technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her first piece of advice about when to give a child a smartphone and allow them to access social media was reiterated by other experts over and over again: Delay, delay, delay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“I wish I knew then what I know now”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“I have talked to hundreds of parents,” Cherkin explains, “and no one has ever said to me, ‘I wish I gave my kid a phone earlier’ or ‘I wish I’d given them social media access sooner.’ Never.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, parents tell her the opposite. “I always hear, ‘I wish I had waited. I wish I knew then what I know now,’ ” she says, “because boy, once you give a child one of these devices or technologies, it is so much harder to take it back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smartphones, social media and video games create large spikes in dopamine deep inside a child’s brain. As \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61863/anti-dopamine-parenting-can-curb-a-kids-craving-for-screens-or-sweets\">NPR has reported\u003c/a>, those spikes pull the child’s attention to the device or app, almost like a magnet. They tell the child’s brain that this activity is super critical – way more critical than other activities that trigger smaller spikes in dopamine, such as finishing homework, helping to clean up after dinner, or even playing outside with friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, parents set themselves up for a constant struggle when a child starts having their own smartphone, Cherkin says. “It’s the dopamine you’re fighting. And that’s not a fair fight. So I tell parents, ‘Delay all of it just as long as you can,'” she emphasizes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means delaying, not just a smartphone, but \u003cem>any \u003c/em>device, including tablets, she suggests. By introducing a tablet at an early age, even for educational purposes, parents can establish a habit that may be hard to break later, Cherkin has observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A child using a tablet at age 6 to 8 comes to expect screen time after school,” she says. “Flash forward to age 12, and now they have a phone. And when they come home from school, they’re likely engaging with social media, instead of educational videos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neurologically, children’s brains haven’t developed enough to handle the magnetic pull of these devices and the apps on them, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost as if you have the perfect storm,” Samaha explains. “You have games, social media and even pornography and shopping online, and the brains of children are just not yet ready to have the level of self-control needed to regulate their behavior with these activities. Even adults sometimes don’t have enough self-control to do that or handle some of the emotional impact of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Right-size your parenting fears\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Parents often feel like once their tween starts moving around more autonomously through their neighborhood or town more, the child needs a smartphone to be safe, Cherkin says. “They may think, ‘Oh, my gosh! My kid is going to be kidnapped on the way to school. They need a phone to call me.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cherkin notes that parents tend to overestimate the dangers of the “real world” and \u003cem>underestimate\u003c/em> the dangers of a smartphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our fears are very misplaced,” she says. “We need to think about what is statistically really likely to happen versus what’s really, really unlikely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each year in the U.S. about a hundred children are abducted by strangers or people or slight acquaintances, the U.S. Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh176/files/pubs/249249.pdf\">reported\u003c/a>. Given that 50 million children, ages 6 to 17, reside in the U.S, the risk of a child being kidnapped by a stranger is about 0.0002% each year. (By comparison, the risk of being struck by lightning each year is about 0.0001%.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, giving a child a phone comes with a whole new set of risks and dangers, Cherkin says. They can be difficult for some parents to understand because they may not have much firsthand experience with specific apps, and the new threats that are emerging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in March, the nonprofit Common Sense Media \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/research/report/how-girls-really-feel-about-social-media-researchreport_web_final_2.pdf\">surveyed\u003c/a> about 1,300 girls, ages 11 to 15, about their experiences on social media. Nearly 60% of the girls who use Instagram, and nearly 60% of those who use Snapchat, said they had been contacted by a stranger that makes them uncomfortable. The same was true for 46% of those who use TikTok.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Disturbing online encounters and influences\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The same survey found that these apps often expose girls to content they find disturbing or harmful. For those that use Instagram, TikTok or Snapchat, 12% to 15% of girls see or hear content related to suicide on a daily basis. About the same percentage asaid they see or hear content about eating disorders on a daily basis as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the Center for Countering Digital Hate also found evidence that content related to suicide and disordered eating is relatively common on TikTok. In the \u003ca href=\"https://counterhate.com/research/deadly-by-design/\">investigation\u003c/a>, the nonprofit set up eight accounts ostensibly by 13-year-old children. Each user paused on and liked videos about body image and mental health. Within 30 minutes, TikTok recommended content about suicide and eating disorders to all eight accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one instance, this content began appearing in less than three minutes. On average, TikTok suggested content about eating disorders every four minutes to the teen accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>TikTok declined NPR’s request for an interview, but in an email, a spokesperson for the company wrote: “We’re committed to building age-appropriate experiences, while equipping parents with tools, like\u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/new-features-for-teens-and-families-on-tiktok-us__;!!Iwwt!TXlWyyVqWw7ko1SLp-5LloOiRlujH57BqCCTBxgALe7v3MBnbuRJg9C_l2e_RGxD4vLurQazVw_k3BzUCiaeF4o%24\"> Family Pairing\u003c/a>, to support their teen’s experience on TikTok.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma Lembke, age 20, says these findings line up with what she experienced when she first went on Instagram eight years ago. “As a 12-year-old girl, I felt like I was being constantly bombarded by bodies that I could never replicate or ones that I could try to, but it would lead me in a darker direction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers just trying to look up a healthy recipe. “And from that one search, I remember being fed constant stuff about my ‘200-calorie day’ or intermittent fasting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, she says, her feed was “covered with anorexic, thin, tiny women. Dieting pills, lollipops to suppress my appetite.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke developed an eating disorder. She has recovered and now is a digital advocate and founder of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/\">Log OFF\u003c/a> project, which helps teens build healthier relationships with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was younger, I was being prodded and poked and fed material [on social media] that was really leading me in a direction toward an eating disorder,” she says. “I think for a lot of young women, even if it doesn’t materialize into a fully fledged eating disorder, it painfully warps their sense of self by harming their body image. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram’s parent company, Meta, declined a request for an interview. But in an email, a spokesperson said the company has invested in technology that finds and removes content related to suicide, self-injury or eating disorders before anyone reports it. “We want to reassure every parent that we have their interests at heart in the work we’re doing to provide teens with safe, supportive experiences online,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A whole world of sexually explicit content\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many children also come across sexualized content, even porn, on social media apps, Cherkin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to get a sense for what your kid might encounter once you let them have a phone and popular apps, Cherkin recommends trying this: Set up a test account in one of the apps, setting the age of the user to your child’s age, and then use the account yourself for a few weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I did that with Snapchat. I set up an account, pretending to be 15. Then I just went to the Discover feed, where it pushes content to you based on your age,” she explains. Within seconds, sexualized content and vulgar images appeared, she says. “And I thought, ‘No, this is not appropriate for a 15-year-old.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapchat’s parent company, Snap, also declined a request for an interview with NPR. A spokesperson wrote in an email: “We have largely kept misinformation, hate speech and other potentially harmful content from spreading on Snapchat. That said, we completely understand concerns about the appropriateness of the content that may be featured, and are working to strengthen protections for teens with the aim of offering them a more age-appropriate experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Personally, Cherkin uses Instagram for her business. And back in March, despite all her knowledge about the traps on social media, she says she “got catfished.” She engaged with a stranger who seemed to be a teen in her DMs and eventually received obscene and disturbing photos of a man’s genitalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She \u003ca href=\"https://www.thescreentimeconsultant.com/think-your-kid-wont-get-porn-in-their-dms-6fd96a4dc330sourcerss-43e8070c4854------2\">writes\u003c/a> on her blog: “It’s graphic. It’s gross. And this is one teeny (lol) example of what kids and teens see ALL THE TIME.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What’s a parent to do? Consider smartphone alternatives\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the end, Cherkin says, there are several other in-between options for tweens besides giving them their own smartphone or denying them a phone altogether. You can:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Share your phone with your tween so they can text with and call friends.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Give your tween a “dumb phone” that only allows texting and calling. For example, buy an old-school flip phone. But if that’s out of the question because it’s not cool enough (and you have extra cash to spare), you can now buy dumb phones that look like smartphones but have extremely limited functions — no easy-access to the internet, no social media. And very little risk of inappropriate content.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch3>Try to limit the apps your child uses, but get ready to be busy monitoring them\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you do end up getting your tween a smartphone, Cherkin says, you might be tempted to simply “block” children from downloading particular apps on their phones. And in theory, this works. Parental control apps, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.bark.us/\">Bark,\u003c/a> can notify you when an app is installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she says, many kids find workarounds to this approach — and really any parental controls. For instance, she says, if you block Instagram on their phone, kids can log in via the web. If you block TikTok, they might watch TikTok videos in Pinterest. Kids can find \u003ca href=\"https://www.bark.us/blog/spotify-porn-problem/#:~:text=Spotify%2C%20Amazon%20Unlimited%2C%20YouTube%20Music,filter%20off%20after%20the%20fact.\">porn on Spotify\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kids are way tech savvier than we are,” Cherkin wrote in an email. “Remember how we used to program the VCR for our parents?! Every single parent who comes to me for help has a variation of this same story: ‘We had X parental controls; we blocked X sites; our child figured out how to access them anyway.’ … It’s impossible to successfully block everything — and once you do, a replacement will pop up in its place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, once you give your child a smartphone, you will likely be setting up yourself for a whole new series of parenting tasks and worries. Even Meta reveals this in its April \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gxy14wjki6s\">ad for parental controls\u003c/a>: The mom in the ad is monitoring her son’s Instagram account while doing the dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=So+your+tween+wants+a+smartphone%3F+Read+this+first&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "4 Parenting Priorities to Prevent Mental Health 'Summer Slide'",
"headTitle": "4 Parenting Priorities to Prevent Mental Health ‘Summer Slide’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With school on break, along with all the homework, tests and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59625/three-reasons-teens-need-later-school-start-times\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">early start times\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that come with it, parents often assume that young people’s stress and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\">anxiety\u003c/a> will take a pause as well. However, that’s not always the case, especially as the novelty of summer dwindles. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Without the daily structure of school and extracurricular activities, kids may struggle with boredom or restlessness. “Summer for many of us can feel like this nebulous thing because it is just this endless free time. Additionally, the pressure to make the most of the summer break and fear of missing out on experiences can contribute to feelings of anxiety. That ambiguity spikes a lot of fear and concern,” said Miriam Stevenson, who is an executive director at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.caresolace.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Solace\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a company that helps schools connect families with mental health services. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Previously she worked as the director of student services for health and wellness in the Palo Alto Unified School District.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stevenson said that while Care Solace receives fewer summertime referrals, it’s not because there is less need. It’s because students aren’t at school with extra adult eyes and ears to check in on them. “There’s one less node in our safety net,” she said. When schools succeed at creating \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61775/how-important-was-your-favorite-teacher-to-your-success-researchers-have-done-the-math\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a sense of belonging\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, they can be a comforting routine for students or a safe place where they feel socially connected. Stevenson offered advice for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\">parents looking to support their kids’ mental health\u003c/a> over the summer and equip them with the tools to embrace joy, conquer challenges and flourish.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>More free time doesn’t have to mean more screen time\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With more free time on their hands, it’s easy for kids to get sucked into endless hours of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59094/does-my-kid-have-a-tech-addiction\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">screen usage\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, especially because kids are also using their devices to connect with friends that they’re no longer seeing at school everyday. An advisory from the U.S. Surgeon General \u003ca href=\"https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/news/juvjust/us-surgeon-general-issues-advisory-social-media-and-youth-mental-health\">recently warned\u003c/a> that “frequent social media use can contribute to poor mental health.” One study cited in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf\">advisory \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">found that adolescents who spent over three hours per day on social media were twice as likely to have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60788/3-reasons-why-seattle-schools-are-suing-big-tech-over-a-youth-mental-health-crisis\">negative mental health outcomes\u003c/a>, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. “Not all young people are good at setting their own boundaries and they might need you to be the bad guy,” said Stevenson.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first thing parents can do to limit screen time is to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60436/when-parents-practice-good-screen-habits-it-rubs-off-on-the-whole-family\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">lead by example with their own devices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “They’re going to do what we do, not what we tell them to do,” added Stevenson. By modeling moderation and offering alternatives that get kids moving and exploring, parents can make a well-rounded summer seem more attainable. Summer is an opportunity to be present with one another as a family, said Stevenson. “Have technology-free times together or meals together — moments where there isn’t a screen that’s interfering with your ability to connect,” she suggested. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, parents can give their children a screen time budget. “They get to decide how they want to use the amount of screen time that they have,” said Stevenson. “That gives them some autonomy and choice.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>The power of a summer schedule\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maintaining a routine during the summer can be a powerful tool for supporting children’s mental health, and parents can play a crucial role in establishing and reinforcing this structure. Stevenson encouraged parents to proactively determine a schedule with kids, including \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60543/what-parents-need-to-monitor-about-teens-sleep-beyond-the-hour-count\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bedtimes and wake-up times\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “There’s great freedom in the summer to allow us to go to our natural circadian rhythms. And unfortunately, as lovely as that might be, it’s going to make waking up early harder when they come back [to school],” said Stevenson. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/sleep_hygiene.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consistent sleep patterns\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can improve sleep health, which is closely \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/13792?autologincheck=redirected\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">linked to children’s mental health and wellbeing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “If you don’t have morning routines or evening routines as a family, the summer is a good time to experiment,” Stevenson said. Creating a daily schedule that includes dedicated time for physical activity, reading, hobbies and socializing can provide a sense of stability and purpose.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Just because school’s out doesn’t mean learning stops. In fact, it’s the best time to learn because you have the sole choice over what you get to be curious, pursue or inquire about,” she added. Outside of the hustle and bustle of the school year, parents can encourage kids to think about how they’re contributing to their community, which can look like setting the table each night, visiting older relatives or volunteering locally. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Open communication can help parents recognize warning signs\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It can be difficult to identify signs that a kid is struggling with mental health, especially if they are older. Although resources with lists of warning signs exist, they can often read like teenagers being teenagers, Stevenson said. “They’re emotional. They’re volatile. They’re withdrawn. They like to sleep all day.” Instead of scrutinizing every potential symptom, Stevenson suggested parents keep an eye on significant changes in behavior, mood, eating and sleep habits. “Trust that you know your kid,” she said. “You know what their baseline is.” Additionally, parents can establish a daily check-in with their child, such as a text asking how they’re doing or a designated time in the evening to share highs and lows from the day.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If parents notice warning signs of poor mental health, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">open and honest communication\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is vital. Engaging in supportive conversations with their child, expressing concern and actively listening without judgment can create a safe space for them to share their feelings. “Listen and stay in that moment and just let them express themselves. Show them that you can hold very difficult feelings,” said Stevenson. If parents feel out of their depth, they can seek professional help from a pediatrician, therapist or counselor. “Summer can present a lot of great opportunities for intensive mental health support or starting with a therapist,” she added.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Knowledge is power when it comes to school-year fear\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the beginning of the summer, going back to school may be the farthest thing from kids’ minds. But as the school start date gets closer, parents might start to see anxiety levels rise, said Stevenson. “Anytime you’re going to have \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58462/how-to-help-anxious-students-re-adjust-to-social-settings\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a transition or there’s an unknown\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, there’s going to be an increase in worry. And if you’re already predisposed or struggling with anxiety, it’s going to exacerbate the challenges that you’re facing,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents can work with kids to find out as much information about the next school year as possible in order to dispel any fear of the future. This is especially helpful when kids are starting at a new school either because of a grade change or a recent move. Parents may encourage students to visit school and see where their classes will be or talk to their friends to see if they will be in the same classes. “As much information as they can have about what their day is going to look like and who they’re going to be with is really helpful,” said Stevenson. Additionally, parents can identify any orientation programs that the school may provide.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kids’ mental health needs persist past the end of the school year and through the summer. Embracing this opportunity to reset and focus on mental well-being can set the stage for a fulfilling summer experience and confident start to the new school year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "While many kids look forward to summer break, it can also be a time when signs of anxiety and depression go unnoticed. Screen time limits and open communication can help.",
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"title": "4 Parenting Priorities to Prevent Mental Health 'Summer Slide' | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With school on break, along with all the homework, tests and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59625/three-reasons-teens-need-later-school-start-times\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">early start times\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that come with it, parents often assume that young people’s stress and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\">anxiety\u003c/a> will take a pause as well. However, that’s not always the case, especially as the novelty of summer dwindles. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Without the daily structure of school and extracurricular activities, kids may struggle with boredom or restlessness. “Summer for many of us can feel like this nebulous thing because it is just this endless free time. Additionally, the pressure to make the most of the summer break and fear of missing out on experiences can contribute to feelings of anxiety. That ambiguity spikes a lot of fear and concern,” said Miriam Stevenson, who is an executive director at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.caresolace.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Care Solace\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a company that helps schools connect families with mental health services. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Previously she worked as the director of student services for health and wellness in the Palo Alto Unified School District.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Stevenson said that while Care Solace receives fewer summertime referrals, it’s not because there is less need. It’s because students aren’t at school with extra adult eyes and ears to check in on them. “There’s one less node in our safety net,” she said. When schools succeed at creating \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61775/how-important-was-your-favorite-teacher-to-your-success-researchers-have-done-the-math\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a sense of belonging\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, they can be a comforting routine for students or a safe place where they feel socially connected. Stevenson offered advice for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\">parents looking to support their kids’ mental health\u003c/a> over the summer and equip them with the tools to embrace joy, conquer challenges and flourish.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>More free time doesn’t have to mean more screen time\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">With more free time on their hands, it’s easy for kids to get sucked into endless hours of \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/59094/does-my-kid-have-a-tech-addiction\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">screen usage\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, especially because kids are also using their devices to connect with friends that they’re no longer seeing at school everyday. An advisory from the U.S. Surgeon General \u003ca href=\"https://ojjdp.ojp.gov/news/juvjust/us-surgeon-general-issues-advisory-social-media-and-youth-mental-health\">recently warned\u003c/a> that “frequent social media use can contribute to poor mental health.” One study cited in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf\">advisory \u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">found that adolescents who spent over three hours per day on social media were twice as likely to have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60788/3-reasons-why-seattle-schools-are-suing-big-tech-over-a-youth-mental-health-crisis\">negative mental health outcomes\u003c/a>, such as depression and anxiety symptoms. “Not all young people are good at setting their own boundaries and they might need you to be the bad guy,” said Stevenson.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first thing parents can do to limit screen time is to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60436/when-parents-practice-good-screen-habits-it-rubs-off-on-the-whole-family\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">lead by example with their own devices\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “They’re going to do what we do, not what we tell them to do,” added Stevenson. By modeling moderation and offering alternatives that get kids moving and exploring, parents can make a well-rounded summer seem more attainable. Summer is an opportunity to be present with one another as a family, said Stevenson. “Have technology-free times together or meals together — moments where there isn’t a screen that’s interfering with your ability to connect,” she suggested. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, parents can give their children a screen time budget. “They get to decide how they want to use the amount of screen time that they have,” said Stevenson. “That gives them some autonomy and choice.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>The power of a summer schedule\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Maintaining a routine during the summer can be a powerful tool for supporting children’s mental health, and parents can play a crucial role in establishing and reinforcing this structure. Stevenson encouraged parents to proactively determine a schedule with kids, including \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60543/what-parents-need-to-monitor-about-teens-sleep-beyond-the-hour-count\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">bedtimes and wake-up times\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “There’s great freedom in the summer to allow us to go to our natural circadian rhythms. And unfortunately, as lovely as that might be, it’s going to make waking up early harder when they come back [to school],” said Stevenson. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/about_sleep/sleep_hygiene.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Consistent sleep patterns\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> can improve sleep health, which is closely \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://publications.aap.org/aapnews/news/13792?autologincheck=redirected\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">linked to children’s mental health and wellbeing\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “If you don’t have morning routines or evening routines as a family, the summer is a good time to experiment,” Stevenson said. Creating a daily schedule that includes dedicated time for physical activity, reading, hobbies and socializing can provide a sense of stability and purpose.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Just because school’s out doesn’t mean learning stops. In fact, it’s the best time to learn because you have the sole choice over what you get to be curious, pursue or inquire about,” she added. Outside of the hustle and bustle of the school year, parents can encourage kids to think about how they’re contributing to their community, which can look like setting the table each night, visiting older relatives or volunteering locally. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Open communication can help parents recognize warning signs\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It can be difficult to identify signs that a kid is struggling with mental health, especially if they are older. Although resources with lists of warning signs exist, they can often read like teenagers being teenagers, Stevenson said. “They’re emotional. They’re volatile. They’re withdrawn. They like to sleep all day.” Instead of scrutinizing every potential symptom, Stevenson suggested parents keep an eye on significant changes in behavior, mood, eating and sleep habits. “Trust that you know your kid,” she said. “You know what their baseline is.” Additionally, parents can establish a daily check-in with their child, such as a text asking how they’re doing or a designated time in the evening to share highs and lows from the day.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If parents notice warning signs of poor mental health, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">open and honest communication\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is vital. Engaging in supportive conversations with their child, expressing concern and actively listening without judgment can create a safe space for them to share their feelings. “Listen and stay in that moment and just let them express themselves. Show them that you can hold very difficult feelings,” said Stevenson. If parents feel out of their depth, they can seek professional help from a pediatrician, therapist or counselor. “Summer can present a lot of great opportunities for intensive mental health support or starting with a therapist,” she added.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>Knowledge is power when it comes to school-year fear\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the beginning of the summer, going back to school may be the farthest thing from kids’ minds. But as the school start date gets closer, parents might start to see anxiety levels rise, said Stevenson. “Anytime you’re going to have \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58462/how-to-help-anxious-students-re-adjust-to-social-settings\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a transition or there’s an unknown\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, there’s going to be an increase in worry. And if you’re already predisposed or struggling with anxiety, it’s going to exacerbate the challenges that you’re facing,” she said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents can work with kids to find out as much information about the next school year as possible in order to dispel any fear of the future. This is especially helpful when kids are starting at a new school either because of a grade change or a recent move. Parents may encourage students to visit school and see where their classes will be or talk to their friends to see if they will be in the same classes. “As much information as they can have about what their day is going to look like and who they’re going to be with is really helpful,” said Stevenson. Additionally, parents can identify any orientation programs that the school may provide.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kids’ mental health needs persist past the end of the school year and through the summer. Embracing this opportunity to reset and focus on mental well-being can set the stage for a fulfilling summer experience and confident start to the new school year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Mississippi teen's podcast unpacks how the Jackson water crisis impacts education",
"headTitle": "A Mississippi teen’s podcast unpacks how the Jackson water crisis impacts education | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Georgianna McKenny’s \u003ca href=\"https://spotify.link/WdQIKXURdzb\">award-winning podcast\u003c/a> begins, fittingly, with a blaring alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an alarm \u003cem>clock\u003c/em>, waking her 17-year-old cousin, Mariah, as she navigates a morning, back in January, when living in Jackson, Miss., meant waking up \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/31/1120166328/jackson-mississippi-water-crisis\">without access to clean water\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No showers, no drinkable water out of the tap, and, for a few days, no school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKenny is the newly-announced high-school winner of NPR’s fifth-annual \u003ca href=\"https://studentpodcastchallenge23.splashthat.com/\">Student Podcast Challenge\u003c/a>. In a year with more than 3,300 entries – from middle- and high-schoolers in 48 states as well as Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico – McKenny and her winning entry tell the story of the toll Jackson’s water crisis has taken on the city’s \u003cem>students\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“I don’t listen to podcasts”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Georgianna McKenny attends school two and a half hours northeast of Jackson, in Columbus – at the Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science, a prestigious, public boarding school for academically talented high-schoolers from all over the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the school’s sun-filled lobby, summer-school students lower a handmade rope over a balcony. Others watch or conduct experiments of their own around the staircase. Mounted on one classroom door are posters in Russian, one of at least five languages students here can learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school is something of a wonder, as is Georgianna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rising senior, she is soft-spoken, with glasses and hair in braids that hang to the corners of her broad smile. We meet her in the lobby, amidst the chaos, along with her English teacher, Thomas Easterling, who assigned the podcast as part of his composition class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-scaled.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Georgianna poses with her English teacher, Thomas Easterling, who assigned the podcast contest as part of his composition class. \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The idea was, they need to know their hometowns better,” Easterling says of the assignment in his University Composition class. “Since I have students from all over Mississippi, they did research on the parts of their hometown that gave them a sense of place\u003cem>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Georgianna grew up south of Jackson and struggled, at first, to settle on a subject. Then she mentioned the water crisis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/07/1121532579/in-jackson-mississippi-a-water-crisis-decades-in-the-making\">which has troubled Jackson for years\u003c/a>, while texting with a friend from out of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She lives in Georgia,” Georgianna remembers. “I texted her, and she was like, ‘What is that?’ Like, she didn’t know about it. I was like, really shocked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walk to Easterling’s classroom, where Georgianna heads to her usual desk, in the back corner, and begins explaining how she went about making her podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of had a vision in my head. I spend a lot of time in my head, actually, so it wasn’t that hard,” she says, smiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s Georgianna – disarmingly honest. While most of Easterling’s students worked in pairs – one writing, one producing – Georgianna did both, alone. Though she admits: She didn’t actually know how to \u003cem>make\u003c/em> a podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t listen to podcasts,” she says, “they’re, like, really boring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once she settled on the Jackson water crisis, and specifically, on her cousin Mariah’s experience of it, Georgianna had something just as powerful as experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She had purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“No water comes from the faucet”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NPR judges loved Georgianna’s entry because she took on a major story in her community, conducted in-depth interviews – and made excellent use of sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being awakened by that blaring alarm clock, “Mariah starts her day by going to the bathroom, to check if her water pressure is working before getting ready for school,” Georgianna narrates at the beginning of her podcast. “No water comes from the faucet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mariah looks for a bottle of water, she finds none. Welcome to Jackson in January, 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Georgianna’s podcast is about a few tough days in January, when low water pressure across the city hit families and schools hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61880\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61880\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0599-copy_custom-c26ac42f8fc190780afa84af805130bb86486155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0599-copy_custom-c26ac42f8fc190780afa84af805130bb86486155.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0599-copy_custom-c26ac42f8fc190780afa84af805130bb86486155-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Georgianna McKenny wins the high school award in NPR’s fifth-annual Student Podcast Challenge. \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For two days early in the month, all Jackson Public Schools went virtual because little to no water pressure in schools made it difficult to prepare meals and flush toilets, Georgianna reports. Even after students returned for in-person learning, low water pressure remained a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Something so simple as using the bathroom has become difficult,” Georgianna narrates, under the sound of a flushing toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They ended up shutting down some of the bathrooms” because the toilets could no longer be flushed, says Mariah, Georgianna’s cousin, who remembers one particularly uncomfortable day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Class was not my main focus,” Mariah says. “I couldn’t do anything else besides \u003cem>hold it\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Georgianna also interviewed an administrator with Jackson Public Schools, who agreed to discuss the crisis as long as Georgianna promised not to use her name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because water pressure continued to vary from school to school, instead of returning to virtual learning, the district sometimes sent students from one school to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were times when some other high schools relocated a grade level to our campus, which also made for extra adjustment to the classrooms,” the administrator says in the podcast. “Teachers weren’t able to be in the classrooms they’re usually assigned to. Students weren’t reporting to the area where they were assigned. So it just made for a very unpredictable circumstance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariah tells NPR, in a follow-up interview in downtown Jackson, that her school was one of those that ended up hosting a lot more students. “Sometimes the classroom would be packed. And just imagine the lunchroom, because our lunchroom is really not that big.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school administrator told Georgianna, the water problems even affected what students were given to eat. If there was enough water pressure, the cafeteria could prepare full, hot meals. If not: sack lunches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariah, Georgianna’s cousin, was not a fan. “Imagine getting turkey and ham-and-cheese sandwiches for seven days straight. It felt like we were in prison.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is, this was back in January. Jackson Public Schools tells NPR, with the exception of a few boil-water notices and one high school having to return to virtual learning again in February, the district’s schools operated largely as usual for the rest of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Georgianna, she admits one of the hardest things about creating her podcast wasn’t the reporting itself; it was listening to the sound of her own voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day Easterling played her assignment for the class, Georgianna remembers, “I requested, ‘Can I please leave the classroom when you play it?’ Because I couldn’t stand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easterling agreed, as long as she agreed to come back for her classmates’ critique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in winning NPR’s Student Podcast Challenge, Georgianna McKenny is getting exactly what she wanted: A platform to sound the alarm on behalf of the kids of Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To listen to Georgianna’s podcast, click \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/episode/5dISmtTl8ti6MAMBiM3hOQ\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visual design and development by: LA Johnson\u003cbr>\nAudio story produced by: Lauren Migaki & Janet Woojeong Lee\u003cbr>\nAudio and digital story edited by: Steve Drummond\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Mississippi+teen+unpacks+how+the+Jackson+water+crisis+impacts+education&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Georgianna McKenny’s \u003ca href=\"https://spotify.link/WdQIKXURdzb\">award-winning podcast\u003c/a> begins, fittingly, with a blaring alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an alarm \u003cem>clock\u003c/em>, waking her 17-year-old cousin, Mariah, as she navigates a morning, back in January, when living in Jackson, Miss., meant waking up \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/31/1120166328/jackson-mississippi-water-crisis\">without access to clean water\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No showers, no drinkable water out of the tap, and, for a few days, no school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKenny is the newly-announced high-school winner of NPR’s fifth-annual \u003ca href=\"https://studentpodcastchallenge23.splashthat.com/\">Student Podcast Challenge\u003c/a>. In a year with more than 3,300 entries – from middle- and high-schoolers in 48 states as well as Washington, D.C., and Puerto Rico – McKenny and her winning entry tell the story of the toll Jackson’s water crisis has taken on the city’s \u003cem>students\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“I don’t listen to podcasts”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Georgianna McKenny attends school two and a half hours northeast of Jackson, in Columbus – at the Mississippi School for Mathematics and Science, a prestigious, public boarding school for academically talented high-schoolers from all over the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the school’s sun-filled lobby, summer-school students lower a handmade rope over a balcony. Others watch or conduct experiments of their own around the staircase. Mounted on one classroom door are posters in Russian, one of at least five languages students here can learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school is something of a wonder, as is Georgianna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rising senior, she is soft-spoken, with glasses and hair in braids that hang to the corners of her broad smile. We meet her in the lobby, amidst the chaos, along with her English teacher, Thomas Easterling, who assigned the podcast as part of his composition class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-scaled.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0529_vert-1d33d07f26ac3fc2a60ef43c4e9590b7f50d9b15-1536x2048.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Georgianna poses with her English teacher, Thomas Easterling, who assigned the podcast contest as part of his composition class. \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The idea was, they need to know their hometowns better,” Easterling says of the assignment in his University Composition class. “Since I have students from all over Mississippi, they did research on the parts of their hometown that gave them a sense of place\u003cem>.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Georgianna grew up south of Jackson and struggled, at first, to settle on a subject. Then she mentioned the water crisis, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/07/1121532579/in-jackson-mississippi-a-water-crisis-decades-in-the-making\">which has troubled Jackson for years\u003c/a>, while texting with a friend from out of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She lives in Georgia,” Georgianna remembers. “I texted her, and she was like, ‘What is that?’ Like, she didn’t know about it. I was like, really shocked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We walk to Easterling’s classroom, where Georgianna heads to her usual desk, in the back corner, and begins explaining how she went about making her podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kind of had a vision in my head. I spend a lot of time in my head, actually, so it wasn’t that hard,” she says, smiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s Georgianna – disarmingly honest. While most of Easterling’s students worked in pairs – one writing, one producing – Georgianna did both, alone. Though she admits: She didn’t actually know how to \u003cem>make\u003c/em> a podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t listen to podcasts,” she says, “they’re, like, really boring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once she settled on the Jackson water crisis, and specifically, on her cousin Mariah’s experience of it, Georgianna had something just as powerful as experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She had purpose.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>“No water comes from the faucet”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>NPR judges loved Georgianna’s entry because she took on a major story in her community, conducted in-depth interviews – and made excellent use of sound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After being awakened by that blaring alarm clock, “Mariah starts her day by going to the bathroom, to check if her water pressure is working before getting ready for school,” Georgianna narrates at the beginning of her podcast. “No water comes from the faucet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Mariah looks for a bottle of water, she finds none. Welcome to Jackson in January, 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Georgianna’s podcast is about a few tough days in January, when low water pressure across the city hit families and schools hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61880\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-61880\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0599-copy_custom-c26ac42f8fc190780afa84af805130bb86486155.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0599-copy_custom-c26ac42f8fc190780afa84af805130bb86486155.jpg 200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/06/mg_0599-copy_custom-c26ac42f8fc190780afa84af805130bb86486155-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Georgianna McKenny wins the high school award in NPR’s fifth-annual Student Podcast Challenge. \u003ccite>(Imani Khayyam for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For two days early in the month, all Jackson Public Schools went virtual because little to no water pressure in schools made it difficult to prepare meals and flush toilets, Georgianna reports. Even after students returned for in-person learning, low water pressure remained a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Something so simple as using the bathroom has become difficult,” Georgianna narrates, under the sound of a flushing toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They ended up shutting down some of the bathrooms” because the toilets could no longer be flushed, says Mariah, Georgianna’s cousin, who remembers one particularly uncomfortable day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Class was not my main focus,” Mariah says. “I couldn’t do anything else besides \u003cem>hold it\u003c/em>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Georgianna also interviewed an administrator with Jackson Public Schools, who agreed to discuss the crisis as long as Georgianna promised not to use her name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because water pressure continued to vary from school to school, instead of returning to virtual learning, the district sometimes sent students from one school to another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were times when some other high schools relocated a grade level to our campus, which also made for extra adjustment to the classrooms,” the administrator says in the podcast. “Teachers weren’t able to be in the classrooms they’re usually assigned to. Students weren’t reporting to the area where they were assigned. So it just made for a very unpredictable circumstance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariah tells NPR, in a follow-up interview in downtown Jackson, that her school was one of those that ended up hosting a lot more students. “Sometimes the classroom would be packed. And just imagine the lunchroom, because our lunchroom is really not that big.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school administrator told Georgianna, the water problems even affected what students were given to eat. If there was enough water pressure, the cafeteria could prepare full, hot meals. If not: sack lunches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariah, Georgianna’s cousin, was not a fan. “Imagine getting turkey and ham-and-cheese sandwiches for seven days straight. It felt like we were in prison.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is, this was back in January. Jackson Public Schools tells NPR, with the exception of a few boil-water notices and one high school having to return to virtual learning again in February, the district’s schools operated largely as usual for the rest of the school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Georgianna, she admits one of the hardest things about creating her podcast wasn’t the reporting itself; it was listening to the sound of her own voice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day Easterling played her assignment for the class, Georgianna remembers, “I requested, ‘Can I please leave the classroom when you play it?’ Because I couldn’t stand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easterling agreed, as long as she agreed to come back for her classmates’ critique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, in winning NPR’s Student Podcast Challenge, Georgianna McKenny is getting exactly what she wanted: A platform to sound the alarm on behalf of the kids of Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To listen to Georgianna’s podcast, click \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/episode/5dISmtTl8ti6MAMBiM3hOQ\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Visual design and development by: LA Johnson\u003cbr>\nAudio story produced by: Lauren Migaki & Janet Woojeong Lee\u003cbr>\nAudio and digital story edited by: Steve Drummond\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Mississippi+teen+unpacks+how+the+Jackson+water+crisis+impacts+education&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "When Should You Let Your Kid Quit?",
"headTitle": "When Should You Let Your Kid Quit? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s late September, and your teenage daughter won’t stop moaning about soccer. A natural athlete, she has always been one of the best on the field. But the sport feels different now that she’s in high school; she’s not scoring like she used to and hasn’t connected with the coach. Whether she has plateaued as a player, her teammates have stepped it up, or she’s simply tired of the sport, the game doesn’t bring her the joy it once did. It’s mid-season and she’s aching to quit. What should you do?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/annieduke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Annie Duke\u003c/a> is a retired professional poker player and an expert on decision making, and she has some thoughts. In her new book, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/692752/quit-by-annie-duke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Duke explores our hangups about quitting and debunks the idea that blind allegiance to a particular course of action is heroic or wise. Figuring out when to give up one pursuit and take on another is an essential but neglected skill that adults would do well to learn – and then teach to their teenagers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Quit is a four-letter word, but it shouldn’t be a dirty one,” Duke told me. Clinging to something that’s unlikely to turn out well gets in the way of engaging in another activity that’s more apt to. “Success does not lie in sticking to things,” Duke writes. “It lies in picking the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">right\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> thing to stick to and quitting the rest.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The key is to understand the expected value of carrying on. If the expected value is high, then it’s smart to keep going. If persevering will help you gain ground toward your goal, then it’s smart to keep going. But if what’s to come looks bleak, it’s wiser to quit. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This sounds simple. But cognitive biases and hangups cloud decisions. One of the first obstacles is a reflexive negativity toward the idea of stopping something. Sloganeering about resilience and grit – “winners never quit and quitters never win,” for example – turn what should be rational decision making into a test of character. If we think of quitters as losers, we’ll err on the side of sticking with something that ought to be abandoned. Quitting also evokes a distressing sense of uncertainty, because giving up an endeavor before the outcome is clear precludes ever knowing what might have happened if one had carried on to the bitter end. Several subterranean cognitive biases also compel us to cling to the status quo, even when changing course makes better sense, including:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the sunk cost fallacy – “I can’t give up now after putting in so much time”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the endowment effect – “I own this, so it’s more valuable”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the omission-commission bias – It’s considered worse to commit a mistake than simply to allow an error to happen.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Duke recommends deploying several tools to help override these powerful biases. Help your teenager understand the overarching goal, and then to consider the various paths to getting there. Once she has chosen it, encourage her to create “kill criteria” – a list of signals that, if she sees them, will indicate that it’s time to quit, because the chances of an undesirable outcome are too high. A good way to come up with these criteria is to imagine what an unhappy future would look like. Reflecting on possible, future bad outcomes will help her develop useful criteria for knowing when to quit. What would she have been blind to that should have told her to leave? Duke also advises coming up with a “state and date” to force a deadline onto the decision. As she puts it, “If I haven’t done X by Y (time), I’ll quit.” “If we write the kill criteria down in advance, we will pay more attention to these things,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most everyone struggles to see long-term benefits. We’re all more apt to focus on the short-term advantages or costs, Duke pointed out. But this is especially so for teenagers, who generally are more impulsive and lack the experience to see a future advantage to sticking it out. Getting kids to focus on the future will help them evaluate the decision to stick or quit more clearly. In the end, that decision is not about what it feels like right now, but rather what the long-term costs and benefits are of staying the course or walking away. As important, parents need to talk to their kids about what will replace the abandoned activity. Quitting one thing allows for a shift to something that might move them closer to their goal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now consider your daughter, the freshman soccer player. Since she has only six weeks remaining, you – her quit/stick coaches – encourage her to stay with it for now. You also ask her to imagine what it would look like, in six weeks, if she fell back in love with the sport. What signals would suggest that the game is for her? Maybe it’s being aggressive on the field, or clicking with her teammates, or feeling excited about practice. Now, ask her to imagine an alternate future scenario, one in which she realizes that the game is no longer for her. What signals would lead to this decision? Perhaps she still loathes practice, or languishes on the field, or feels alienated from her peers. With these two possible outcomes in mind, you encourage her to make a plan for how to achieve the happy version of the story; it’s important for all kids to realize that they have agency, and some power to shape their future. When the season ends after six weeks – the deadline for her quitting decision – she’ll return to the kill criteria to see if they’ve been met. If they have, she’ll quit the sport entirely – but not without a plan for what to do next fall instead of playing soccer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In her new book, Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away, retired professional poker player Duke explores our hangups about quitting and debunks the idea that blind allegiance to a particular course of action is heroic or wise.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s late September, and your teenage daughter won’t stop moaning about soccer. A natural athlete, she has always been one of the best on the field. But the sport feels different now that she’s in high school; she’s not scoring like she used to and hasn’t connected with the coach. Whether she has plateaued as a player, her teammates have stepped it up, or she’s simply tired of the sport, the game doesn’t bring her the joy it once did. It’s mid-season and she’s aching to quit. What should you do?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/annieduke\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Annie Duke\u003c/a> is a retired professional poker player and an expert on decision making, and she has some thoughts. In her new book, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/692752/quit-by-annie-duke/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Quit: The Power of Knowing When to Walk Away\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, Duke explores our hangups about quitting and debunks the idea that blind allegiance to a particular course of action is heroic or wise. Figuring out when to give up one pursuit and take on another is an essential but neglected skill that adults would do well to learn – and then teach to their teenagers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Quit is a four-letter word, but it shouldn’t be a dirty one,” Duke told me. Clinging to something that’s unlikely to turn out well gets in the way of engaging in another activity that’s more apt to. “Success does not lie in sticking to things,” Duke writes. “It lies in picking the \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">right\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> thing to stick to and quitting the rest.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The key is to understand the expected value of carrying on. If the expected value is high, then it’s smart to keep going. If persevering will help you gain ground toward your goal, then it’s smart to keep going. But if what’s to come looks bleak, it’s wiser to quit. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This sounds simple. But cognitive biases and hangups cloud decisions. One of the first obstacles is a reflexive negativity toward the idea of stopping something. Sloganeering about resilience and grit – “winners never quit and quitters never win,” for example – turn what should be rational decision making into a test of character. If we think of quitters as losers, we’ll err on the side of sticking with something that ought to be abandoned. Quitting also evokes a distressing sense of uncertainty, because giving up an endeavor before the outcome is clear precludes ever knowing what might have happened if one had carried on to the bitter end. Several subterranean cognitive biases also compel us to cling to the status quo, even when changing course makes better sense, including:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the sunk cost fallacy – “I can’t give up now after putting in so much time”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the endowment effect – “I own this, so it’s more valuable”\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the omission-commission bias – It’s considered worse to commit a mistake than simply to allow an error to happen.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Duke recommends deploying several tools to help override these powerful biases. Help your teenager understand the overarching goal, and then to consider the various paths to getting there. Once she has chosen it, encourage her to create “kill criteria” – a list of signals that, if she sees them, will indicate that it’s time to quit, because the chances of an undesirable outcome are too high. A good way to come up with these criteria is to imagine what an unhappy future would look like. Reflecting on possible, future bad outcomes will help her develop useful criteria for knowing when to quit. What would she have been blind to that should have told her to leave? Duke also advises coming up with a “state and date” to force a deadline onto the decision. As she puts it, “If I haven’t done X by Y (time), I’ll quit.” “If we write the kill criteria down in advance, we will pay more attention to these things,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most everyone struggles to see long-term benefits. We’re all more apt to focus on the short-term advantages or costs, Duke pointed out. But this is especially so for teenagers, who generally are more impulsive and lack the experience to see a future advantage to sticking it out. Getting kids to focus on the future will help them evaluate the decision to stick or quit more clearly. In the end, that decision is not about what it feels like right now, but rather what the long-term costs and benefits are of staying the course or walking away. As important, parents need to talk to their kids about what will replace the abandoned activity. Quitting one thing allows for a shift to something that might move them closer to their goal. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now consider your daughter, the freshman soccer player. Since she has only six weeks remaining, you – her quit/stick coaches – encourage her to stay with it for now. You also ask her to imagine what it would look like, in six weeks, if she fell back in love with the sport. What signals would suggest that the game is for her? Maybe it’s being aggressive on the field, or clicking with her teammates, or feeling excited about practice. Now, ask her to imagine an alternate future scenario, one in which she realizes that the game is no longer for her. What signals would lead to this decision? Perhaps she still loathes practice, or languishes on the field, or feels alienated from her peers. With these two possible outcomes in mind, you encourage her to make a plan for how to achieve the happy version of the story; it’s important for all kids to realize that they have agency, and some power to shape their future. When the season ends after six weeks – the deadline for her quitting decision – she’ll return to the kill criteria to see if they’ve been met. If they have, she’ll quit the sport entirely – but not without a plan for what to do next fall instead of playing soccer.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meet Xenia, a junior at Northwestern University, who leans into math and science, runs dutifully in her spare time and tends toward introversion. Now meet her fraternal twin, Madeleine, a double major in English and Philosophy at Johns Hopkins, who prefers reading and writing over sports and as a child was dubbed the school’s mayor by her father after he noticed her making the rounds in the cafeteria during a second-grade parent/child lunch. The girls get along, their personality differences allowing each to carve out an independent identity and buffering both from excessive rivalry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another way these twins differ? When they were in high school, Xenia spurned all social media, the only girl in her grade, she thought, without Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Houseparty and all other social media sites on her phone. “I was never interested in it,” she told me. Madeleine, on the other hand, while not a devotee, relied on Snapchat to keep in touch with distant friends and used Instagram and other sites to stay on top of school gossip, fashion trends and entertainment news. “Interfacing with technology is Madeleine’s varsity sport,” her father said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most adolescents would seem to follow Madeleine’s path. Almost all teenagers\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">used\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> smart phones in 2022, the Pew Research Center \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and 53% of kids in cities acknowledged being online “almost constantly.” As for social media, most teenagers are all in: TikTok is now the most favored platform, used by 67% of 13-17 year olds, followed by Instagram, Snapchat and Facebook, whose popularity has declined dramatically. More and more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jonathanhaidt.substack.com/p/the-teen-mental-illness-epidemic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has shown that excessive use of social media undermines kids’ mental health. A British \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(19)30186-5/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of nearly 12,000 teenagers found that frequent social media use is associated with a lower sense of well-being, especially among girls who experienced cyberbullying or diminished sleep. Social psychologist and author \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jean_twenge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jean Twenge\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who has explored the link between excessive screen use and deteriorating mental health, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/teenage-depression-and-suicide-are-way-up--and-so-is-smartphone-use/2017/11/17/624641ea-ca13-11e7-8321-481fd63f174d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">blames\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the former for triggering the latter, noting that rates of depression and suicide among teenagers have increased since smart phones became ubiquitous. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though far from a controlled lab experiment, twins who grew up in the same house and diverged over their phone use offer interesting insights into how Instagram and its ilk can amplify what’s already there. How the two have adapted their social media patterns during college also reveals how the wider environment can shape its use. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In high school, Madeleine was the first to admit that she was easily distracted and bored, as well as quick to lose things, including the phone she relied on to stay in touch with friends. “I tend to leave my phone everywhere,” she told me. She wasn’t one to post pictures often, a habit that annoyed some of her friends, but she did check Instagram and Snapchat once or twice a day, she said, for up to an hour in total time. That was a far cry from many girls Madeleine knew, including some who tracked their accounts for six hours a day, she said. She liked the way big stories on Instagram or Snapchat sparked conversation and mentioned that a public spat on YouTube among dueling makeup artists preoccupied her entire grade. What Madeleine enjoyed most, though, was how these platforms allowed her to stay connected with the friends in Australia she met during a student exchange program. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Xenia, on the other hand, is a minimalist, and not just with her phone, which she used about 90 minutes per week in high school. She didn’t care to be photographed, was oblivious to fashion trends, and didn’t fret over being last to the latest Instagram kerfuffle. “It’s not that I don’t hear about it,” she said at the time, “it’s just delayed.” Her sister Madeleine acted as a kind of social media screener, sharing highlights she knew Xenia would appreciate but leaving out Hollywood gossip and trivial YouTube quarrels. Xenia had no regrets: “I have better stuff to worry about than who opened my TikTok,” she said. She was mystified by those who lingered on social media and then whimpered about their limited time. “You intentionally chose to be on some site for many hours on the weekend; that’s a decision you made,” she said. And though she acquiesced to the group when friends chose a restaurant based on its Instagram appeal rather than its menu, she was baffled by the reasoning. “I don’t understand that aspect of it, the pointlessness,” she told me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A funny thing happened when the girls went to college. Xenia was forced to join Facebook for her COVID-era freshman orientation and ultimately caved to adopting Instagram: it was the most efficient way of staying in touch with friends from home. Had she finally fallen sway to its obsessive power, sharing shots of the day’s breakfast and choice of shoes? “I’m on it about 10 to 20 minutes a week,” she told me. “I’ve never posted anything.” As in high school, her college friends admired Xenia’s apathy towards social media, and many enjoyed studying with her; she was less distracted, and her avoidance of the platforms was contagious. At the same time, Xenia is on her phone more, in part because some professors use them for coursework and exams. But she remains bewildered by the power social media seems to wield over her peers. “I feel like it’s an addiction,” she told me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">College has changed Madeleine more dramatically. No longer surrounded by disapproving family members who discouraged excessive phone use, at first she found it harder to control herself. She fell deeper into time-consuming rabbit holes and got wrapped up in distant, trivial dramas. But it began to dawn on her that the curated lives she witnessed on Instagram weren’t important or real. By the middle of her first semester at college, she deleted the app. From Xenia’s vantage point, Madeleine is happier and her friendships seem more solid than the ones she had in high school. “Whether academically or socially, she’s a lot freer,” Xenia said. Madeleine said this: “My brain is way less cluttered.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meet Xenia, a junior at Northwestern University, who leans into math and science, runs dutifully in her spare time and tends toward introversion. Now meet her fraternal twin, Madeleine, a double major in English and Philosophy at Johns Hopkins, who prefers reading and writing over sports and as a child was dubbed the school’s mayor by her father after he noticed her making the rounds in the cafeteria during a second-grade parent/child lunch. The girls get along, their personality differences allowing each to carve out an independent identity and buffering both from excessive rivalry. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another way these twins differ? When they were in high school, Xenia spurned all social media, the only girl in her grade, she thought, without Snapchat, Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, Houseparty and all other social media sites on her phone. “I was never interested in it,” she told me. Madeleine, on the other hand, while not a devotee, relied on Snapchat to keep in touch with distant friends and used Instagram and other sites to stay on top of school gossip, fashion trends and entertainment news. “Interfacing with technology is Madeleine’s varsity sport,” her father said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most adolescents would seem to follow Madeleine’s path. Almost all teenagers\u003c/span> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">used\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> smart phones in 2022, the Pew Research Center \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">reported\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and 53% of kids in cities acknowledged being online “almost constantly.” As for social media, most teenagers are all in: TikTok is now the most favored platform, used by 67% of 13-17 year olds, followed by Instagram, Snapchat and Facebook, whose popularity has declined dramatically. More and more \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://jonathanhaidt.substack.com/p/the-teen-mental-illness-epidemic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">research\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> has shown that excessive use of social media undermines kids’ mental health. A British \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanchi/article/PIIS2352-4642(19)30186-5/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of nearly 12,000 teenagers found that frequent social media use is associated with a lower sense of well-being, especially among girls who experienced cyberbullying or diminished sleep. Social psychologist and author \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jean_twenge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jean Twenge\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who has explored the link between excessive screen use and deteriorating mental health, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/health-science/teenage-depression-and-suicide-are-way-up--and-so-is-smartphone-use/2017/11/17/624641ea-ca13-11e7-8321-481fd63f174d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">blames\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> the former for triggering the latter, noting that rates of depression and suicide among teenagers have increased since smart phones became ubiquitous. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Though far from a controlled lab experiment, twins who grew up in the same house and diverged over their phone use offer interesting insights into how Instagram and its ilk can amplify what’s already there. How the two have adapted their social media patterns during college also reveals how the wider environment can shape its use. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In high school, Madeleine was the first to admit that she was easily distracted and bored, as well as quick to lose things, including the phone she relied on to stay in touch with friends. “I tend to leave my phone everywhere,” she told me. She wasn’t one to post pictures often, a habit that annoyed some of her friends, but she did check Instagram and Snapchat once or twice a day, she said, for up to an hour in total time. That was a far cry from many girls Madeleine knew, including some who tracked their accounts for six hours a day, she said. She liked the way big stories on Instagram or Snapchat sparked conversation and mentioned that a public spat on YouTube among dueling makeup artists preoccupied her entire grade. What Madeleine enjoyed most, though, was how these platforms allowed her to stay connected with the friends in Australia she met during a student exchange program. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Xenia, on the other hand, is a minimalist, and not just with her phone, which she used about 90 minutes per week in high school. She didn’t care to be photographed, was oblivious to fashion trends, and didn’t fret over being last to the latest Instagram kerfuffle. “It’s not that I don’t hear about it,” she said at the time, “it’s just delayed.” Her sister Madeleine acted as a kind of social media screener, sharing highlights she knew Xenia would appreciate but leaving out Hollywood gossip and trivial YouTube quarrels. Xenia had no regrets: “I have better stuff to worry about than who opened my TikTok,” she said. She was mystified by those who lingered on social media and then whimpered about their limited time. “You intentionally chose to be on some site for many hours on the weekend; that’s a decision you made,” she said. And though she acquiesced to the group when friends chose a restaurant based on its Instagram appeal rather than its menu, she was baffled by the reasoning. “I don’t understand that aspect of it, the pointlessness,” she told me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A funny thing happened when the girls went to college. Xenia was forced to join Facebook for her COVID-era freshman orientation and ultimately caved to adopting Instagram: it was the most efficient way of staying in touch with friends from home. Had she finally fallen sway to its obsessive power, sharing shots of the day’s breakfast and choice of shoes? “I’m on it about 10 to 20 minutes a week,” she told me. “I’ve never posted anything.” As in high school, her college friends admired Xenia’s apathy towards social media, and many enjoyed studying with her; she was less distracted, and her avoidance of the platforms was contagious. At the same time, Xenia is on her phone more, in part because some professors use them for coursework and exams. But she remains bewildered by the power social media seems to wield over her peers. “I feel like it’s an addiction,” she told me.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">College has changed Madeleine more dramatically. No longer surrounded by disapproving family members who discouraged excessive phone use, at first she found it harder to control herself. She fell deeper into time-consuming rabbit holes and got wrapped up in distant, trivial dramas. But it began to dawn on her that the curated lives she witnessed on Instagram weren’t important or real. By the middle of her first semester at college, she deleted the app. From Xenia’s vantage point, Madeleine is happier and her friendships seem more solid than the ones she had in high school. “Whether academically or socially, she’s a lot freer,” Xenia said. Madeleine said this: “My brain is way less cluttered.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Teens Say Social media Is Stressing Them Out. Here's How to Help Them",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>“What advice would you give to young people who are new to social media?” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Have you ever felt like you need to change your social media use…?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teens and young adults from across the country answered these questions in a text survey in 2020. Their answers are eye-opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>I would tell young people … the internet is far off from reality and the more time you spend on it, the more you forget what real life is actually like…,” \u003c/em>one person wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Don’t let social media control your life or your self-esteem,” \u003c/em>another texted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35691849/\">published\u003c/a> in September, reveals a striking awareness about the potential harms social media can have on teenagers’ mental health, but also their persistent attempts to counter these harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some respondents explicitly said social media made them feel depressed. Many asked their parents to help them stop using it. Nearly two-thirds of respondents gave some version of this advice to future teens: Don’t use social media. It’s OK to abstain. Or delete your accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“I have repeatedly deleted Instagram in an effort to improve my emotional state but then, I reinstall. Many times,” \u003c/em>a respondent wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 95% of U.S. teens today use some type of social media, and about a third say they use it “almost constantly,” the Pew Research Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\">found in August\u003c/a>. At the same time, teens and tweens are facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/01/1160478454/the-kids-arent-alright-the-post-pandemic-teen-mental-health-crisis\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/04/25/1171773181/social-media-teens-mental-health\">research indicates\u003c/a> that these two trends are intertwined: that social media can cause depression and lower life satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While clinicians and psychologists try to come up with remedies to this crisis, some of them are realizing something paradoxical: Teens and young adults may be the best source of advice and solutions. \u003cem>They \u003c/em>are the experts of these apps — not their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’ve been affected by social media more than any other generation, says Emma Lembke, who’s 20 and founded the \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/\">Log Off Movement\u003c/a> to help teens have a healthy relationship with social media. “We, Gen Z, have felt so tangibly the impact of being left alone to big tech’s profit business model,” she explains. “And that relationship is completely asymmetric, and it is just harming young people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By listening to young people, Lembke believes, parents can work with teens to help them minimize the harms of these platforms while maximizing their benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do believe social media has great aspects as well,” says \u003ca href=\"https://rijularora.com/\">Rijul Arora\u003c/a>, age 26, a digital wellness coach and consultant who leads a project called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/lookupindia4youth/\">LookUp India\u003c/a>, aimed at helping teens unhook from social media. “I’ve been given a lot of opportunities because of social media. I can amplify positive content, and I’m connecting with a lot of people worldwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a young adult struggling to keep up with school because you can’t put down your phone, Arora and Lembke don’t advise trying to cut off from social media altogether. Instead, they say find the sweet spot, “where you take the positive but leave the negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to give youth more agency over social media apps, Arora says. “So teens are using these apps instead of the apps using teens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And parents, this all applies to you too: Here’s how to support and nudge your teen toward balanced screen use, while changing your own habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 1: Learn what you’re up against\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s what teens and young adults say over and over again: Know what you are up against with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when Lembke was in sixth grade, she really, really, \u003cem>really \u003c/em>wanted a phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember as each one of my friends got a phone, each one of them was getting pulled away from conversations with me, from even playing on the playground,” Lembke explains. “So my initial response to this phenomenon was ‘OK, there must be something so magical and amazing within these social media apps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she got her own phone, she says, “And I remember for the first few months I was in love with Instagram.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day, I think I commented, [to] Olive Garden, ‘I love you.’ And they responded, ‘We love you, too.'” Lembke says. “And I was screaming around the house. It felt like the best day ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But within a few months, her time on her phone had increased from one hour to five or six hours each day. And her relationship with her phone shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realized that the magic I thought Instagram — and all these social media apps — had was really just an illusion,” she says. “As I began to scroll more, I felt my mental, and physical health really suffer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke wishes someone would have told her about this possibility before she began using social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have an anxiety disorder, and I have OCD,” Lembke \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wrCUcfb7mc\">told\u003c/a> Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., in March 2022, during a roundtable hosted by the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://accountabletech.org/\">Accountable Tech\u003c/a>. “I was never warned that entering these online platforms would only amplify the things that I already struggle with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta’s global head of safety, Antigone Davis, said in a statement emailed to NPR that the company refers to research on social media and feedback from teens and families. The company has launched “more than 30 tools to support families,” she says, including some “that allow teens and parents to navigate social media safely together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from TikTok noted in an email that the company released a tool in March for users to monitor their screen time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here’s what Lembke and other young people want you to know about how the apps work:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1. These apps aren’t necessarily going to improve your life.\u003c/em> They aren’t necessarily going to help your fear of missing out. In fact, some teens say their feelings of FOMO actually worsened after starting social media. And for teenagers who are already struggling with mental health problems, studies \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3919760\">suggest \u003c/a>that social media can exacerbate these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>2. The goal is to keep you on the phone, even if you don’t want to stay.\u003c/em> Even if you feel like social media is hurting you. The apps are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/nir_eyal_what_makes_technology_so_habit_forming\">designed to keep you using them\u003c/a> so you can see ads. That’s how social media companies make money, Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Zuckerberg_Senate_Transcript_2018/3Oh1EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22What+we+allow+is+for+advertisers+to+tell+us+who+they+want+to+reach,+and+then+we+do+the+placement.+So,+if+an+advertiser+comes+to+us+and+says,+%27All+right,+I+am+a+ski+shop+and+I+want+to+sell+skis+to+women,%27+then+we+might+have+some+sense,+because+people+shared+skiing-related+content,+or+said+they+were+interested+in+that,+they+shared+whether+they%27re+a+woman,+and+then+we+can+show+the+ads+to+the+right+people+without+that+data+ever+changing+hands+and+going+to+the+advertiser.%22&pg=PT46&printsec=frontcover\">explained\u003c/a> to Congress in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media apps tap into an ancient pathway in your brain that makes you crave using them and makes it extremely difficult to stop, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/about/samaha/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal. “Social media apps know very well how to exploit human behavior to keep you coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many teens say they feel like social media apps control \u003cem>them \u003c/em>instead of vice versa. “I felt this addiction. I felt this pull, as if I had lost agency…,” Lembke said to Sen. Blumenthal. “As a young female, as a young person, that’s incredibly scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the third thing teens say, over and over again about social media overuse: You can break the habit. And it starts with one key step: a digital audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 2: Get your baseline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because of the way social media taps into our brain circuitry, most of the time we hardly realize we’re using the apps. It’s habitual or even subconscious. That’s why young people suggest doing a digital audit to help bring this usage into your consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a project in high school English class, Sofie Keppler tracked the time she spent on each app on her phone each day for a week. The results triggered several big epiphanies for the 16-year-old: “First, that I was using my phone like a lot — I mean \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> — more than I thought,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, “it made me think like, maybe I should limit myself … so I’m not always on social media, and I’m talking to everyone around me,” she says. “The more I was on the phone, the more I was ignoring people in social settings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, you can do a digital audit easily with an app, such as Apple \u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/view-your-screen-time-summary-iph24dcd4fb8/ios\">Screen Time\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://appadvice.com/app/moment-cut-screen-time/771541926\">Moment\u003c/a>, Toggl \u003ca href=\"https://toggl.com/track/\">Track\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescuetime.com/\">Rescue Time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facts don’t lie … [tracking my usage] really got my eyes to open up,” Lembke says on the Log Off podcast. “When I downloaded Moment and I saw I had like 200 pickups of my phone each day, I was horrified. People don’t understand those statistics … until they really, really see them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then once you understand your baseline, have self-compassion, says Rijul Arora, who has struggled with what he describes as an addiction to social media himself. Don’t feel ashamed or anxious about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In workshops he gives on managing social media use, he tells teens: “Even if you have very high screen time … first acknowledge that you’re doing that, and it’s OK to be that way,” he says. Then when a teen seems ready to change, he adds: “It’s not OK to \u003cem>stay \u003c/em>that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to the next step.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 3: Add “friction” to make yourself pause\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just as friction on the road slows down your car, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/30/1127249176/yael-eisenstat-why-we-need-more-friction-on-social-media\">friction\u003c/a> on social media slows your usage. Basically, it’s adding apps that throw up small obstacles when using social media. Friction makes you pause for a bit and think before you mindlessly log on, scroll or click.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some “friction” even makes you take breaths, fill out a wellness survey or meditate after some amount of time engaged with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding friction is surprisingly easy. Again, there are a bunch of apps. Lembke recommends \u003ca href=\"https://habitlab.github.io/\">HabitLab\u003c/a> from Stanford University. The app uses more than 20 interventions to reduce your time on whatever apps you choose. For example, HabitLab runs a clock at the top of the screen showing how much time you’ve spent on the app. It also blocks your news feeds and even stops your scroll after a certain amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some apps, it uses an intervention called “Feed Diet,” which hides recommended content. Or it uses the “Mission Goal” intervention, which makes you type in why you’re entering this site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other friction apps include \u003ca href=\"https://apps.shopmoment.com/\">Moment\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://freedom.to/\">Freedom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forestapp.cc/\">Forest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://screentime.stanford.edu/\">Screentime Genie\u003c/a>. Both \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/tools-and-resources-for-parents-and-teens-in-vr-and-on-instagram\">Instagram \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://support.tiktok.com/en/account-and-privacy/account-information/screen-time\">TikTok\u003c/a> also have tools inside the apps to add friction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do these friction apps work? “Oh, I think my screen time decreased by like 80%” while using HabitLab, Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re tired of apps, Lembke recommends something she created: the five-minute power scroll. While looking at your news feed, stop at each image for five minutes. Say to yourself, “OK, with this image and with this person, why am I following them? Does this image make me happy? Am I benefiting from their content?” And if not, “unfollow them and give yourself grace to do that,” Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This five-minute power scroll helps you reflect on why you’re using the app and what you want to prioritize during your time online, she says. “It’s how can I maximize its benefits for me, while mitigating its harms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 4: Hack your apps’ default settings\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On many apps, Arora says, the default settings tickle his brain circuitry in a way that amplifies his cravings and habitual overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never go by the default settings that tech companies give you,” says Arora. “Kids love this tip! Because they hate to be manipulated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over and over again, teens say that turning off notifications is the first — perhaps the most critical — step here. You can do it for only certain times of day, if you need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also explore all the setting options, Arora says, including those related to privacy, your feed, comments and likes. “For example, many people don’t realize that you can turn off ‘likes’ on Instagram,” he says. “This helps reduce the competitiveness of the app.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if an app recommends videos or other content, or starts the next video on auto-play, don’t click. Go and find the video you \u003cem>want \u003c/em>to look at, Lembke says. Remember, she says, you’re in charge. Not the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/giving-young-people-a-safer-more-private-experience\">Instagram\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/new-features-for-teens-and-families-on-tiktok-us\">TikTok \u003c/a>have information for parents on how to set up teens’ accounts in a way that makes them safer but also can help with overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, TikTok has started setting all users under age 18 to a screen time limit of 60 minutes each day. When they reach that limit, the app prompts them to enter a passcode if they want to keep watching, “requiring them to make an active decision to extend that time,” the company explained in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Instagram, teens can turn on notifications that urge them to “take a break” after a certain amount of scrolling. The app will also “suggest that they set reminders to take more breaks in the future,” Adam Mosseri, head of Instagram, \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/raising-the-standard-for-protecting-teens-and-supporting-parents-online\">noted \u003c/a>in December 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 5: Enrich your 3D life\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This one is huge. And it comes from Alassane Sow, 20, who’s studying environmental microbiology at Michigan State University. He and many other young people notice that they use social media when they’re bored (or stressed and need a distraction).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people have a sort of shame when they see that they have 10 hours of screen time a day, and they don’t like that,” Sow explains. “But they don’t have anything else to do — or they feel like they don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sow saw this in himself. “At some point, I realized that I couldn’t sit down for five minutes in my own space without looking at my phone for some sort of stimulus. That’s when I noticed, like, something was off,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he went out and started to find \u003cem>other \u003c/em>hobbies that don’t use his phone. He even has a special name for this: long-format entertainment. These are activities that take time to complete, such as reading a book, or drawing a picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These activities make sure my brain isn’t only entertained by short videos and stuff like that,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I consciously plan to do them — instead of being on my phone, I say to myself, ‘I’m going to read a chapter of this book today or I’m going to go see my friends — that’s my favorite thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists, psychiatrists and therapists agree wholeheartedly with Sow. Reinvigorating your life offline is critical to healthy social media usage. Then cutting down social media becomes much easier. You don’t have to accept boredom offline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a big believer in passion in your life,” explains therapist Bob Keane at Walden Behavioral Care. “What do you really like to learn? What gets you really excited besides your phone? And that’s, I think, what we really have to encourage kids to develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not sure where to get started finding a passion? Lembke’s Log Off project has a whole series of projects and challenges to try, from dipping your toe into the 3D world to taking on big, long-term projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 6: Reach out to your parents for help — or if you’re a parent, get involved\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This isn’t ironic or a joke. Teenagers say over and over again that they want their parents to help them regulate their social media use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They don’t want parents to rip the phone away or be controlling or bossy. And they definitely don’t want to feel judged or shamed for their social media use. But they want parents to listen empathetically, offer gentle advice and set up guard rails. Even some rules. They want help learning to manage their device themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to prevent addiction and manage digital wellbeing, it is important for parents to set boundaries for their children/teenagers,” writes recent high school graduate Keegan Lee in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/post/a-message-from-gen-z-to-parents\">blog post\u003c/a> on Log Off, called “A Message from Gen Z to Parents.” Lee describes how to talk to teens about their usage and gives some ideas for how to set up rules, including “Try to keep tech out of the bedroom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Children may not like this suggestion,” she continues, “however, explain to them the purpose of the bedroom is used to rest and recharge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, Lee suggests setting clear consequences and punishments when kids violate tech rules. And “revisit the rules frequently,” she writes. If parents don’t help kids manage their screen use, she explains, no one else will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keane at Walden Behavioral Care says teenagers in his support group told him the same idea. “The kids were pretty clear to us that they need help,” he says. “They need help figuring out ways to be able to manage this because they told us, clearly, ‘We can’t do it by ourselves.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the rules need to apply to the whole family, including the parents themselves. “For example, if you have a family dinner, no one has a device at the table,” Keane suggests. “If a parent is driving your adolescent to a game or a practice … the parent can say, ‘If you’re going to want me to drive you, you’re not on your phone, you’re talking to me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is simple but critical: Get kids back in the habit of socializing face-to-face. Because unlike online interactions, talking to other humans in person “is the glue of genuine human connection,” says therapist Kameron Mendes, who works with Keane at Walden Behavioral Center. And it’s time to replenish that glue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Adolescence is when kids start to become their own people in the world,” Mendes adds. “They try on finding friends, connecting with other people and connecting with other types of values and ideas. For that process to take hold and flourish, we really need to restore some level of human connection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Teens+say+social+media+is+stressing+them+out.+Here%27s+how+to+help+them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>“What advice would you give to young people who are new to social media?” \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Have you ever felt like you need to change your social media use…?”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teens and young adults from across the country answered these questions in a text survey in 2020. Their answers are eye-opening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cem>I would tell young people … the internet is far off from reality and the more time you spend on it, the more you forget what real life is actually like…,” \u003c/em>one person wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Don’t let social media control your life or your self-esteem,” \u003c/em>another texted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35691849/\">published\u003c/a> in September, reveals a striking awareness about the potential harms social media can have on teenagers’ mental health, but also their persistent attempts to counter these harms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some respondents explicitly said social media made them feel depressed. Many asked their parents to help them stop using it. Nearly two-thirds of respondents gave some version of this advice to future teens: Don’t use social media. It’s OK to abstain. Or delete your accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“I have repeatedly deleted Instagram in an effort to improve my emotional state but then, I reinstall. Many times,” \u003c/em>a respondent wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 95% of U.S. teens today use some type of social media, and about a third say they use it “almost constantly,” the Pew Research Center \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\">found in August\u003c/a>. At the same time, teens and tweens are facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/01/1160478454/the-kids-arent-alright-the-post-pandemic-teen-mental-health-crisis\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2023/04/25/1171773181/social-media-teens-mental-health\">research indicates\u003c/a> that these two trends are intertwined: that social media can cause depression and lower life satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While clinicians and psychologists try to come up with remedies to this crisis, some of them are realizing something paradoxical: Teens and young adults may be the best source of advice and solutions. \u003cem>They \u003c/em>are the experts of these apps — not their parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’ve been affected by social media more than any other generation, says Emma Lembke, who’s 20 and founded the \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/\">Log Off Movement\u003c/a> to help teens have a healthy relationship with social media. “We, Gen Z, have felt so tangibly the impact of being left alone to big tech’s profit business model,” she explains. “And that relationship is completely asymmetric, and it is just harming young people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By listening to young people, Lembke believes, parents can work with teens to help them minimize the harms of these platforms while maximizing their benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do believe social media has great aspects as well,” says \u003ca href=\"https://rijularora.com/\">Rijul Arora\u003c/a>, age 26, a digital wellness coach and consultant who leads a project called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/lookupindia4youth/\">LookUp India\u003c/a>, aimed at helping teens unhook from social media. “I’ve been given a lot of opportunities because of social media. I can amplify positive content, and I’m connecting with a lot of people worldwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a young adult struggling to keep up with school because you can’t put down your phone, Arora and Lembke don’t advise trying to cut off from social media altogether. Instead, they say find the sweet spot, “where you take the positive but leave the negative.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is to give youth more agency over social media apps, Arora says. “So teens are using these apps instead of the apps using teens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And parents, this all applies to you too: Here’s how to support and nudge your teen toward balanced screen use, while changing your own habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 1: Learn what you’re up against\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s what teens and young adults say over and over again: Know what you are up against with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back when Lembke was in sixth grade, she really, really, \u003cem>really \u003c/em>wanted a phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember as each one of my friends got a phone, each one of them was getting pulled away from conversations with me, from even playing on the playground,” Lembke explains. “So my initial response to this phenomenon was ‘OK, there must be something so magical and amazing within these social media apps.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she got her own phone, she says, “And I remember for the first few months I was in love with Instagram.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day, I think I commented, [to] Olive Garden, ‘I love you.’ And they responded, ‘We love you, too.'” Lembke says. “And I was screaming around the house. It felt like the best day ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But within a few months, her time on her phone had increased from one hour to five or six hours each day. And her relationship with her phone shifted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I realized that the magic I thought Instagram — and all these social media apps — had was really just an illusion,” she says. “As I began to scroll more, I felt my mental, and physical health really suffer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke wishes someone would have told her about this possibility before she began using social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have an anxiety disorder, and I have OCD,” Lembke \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7wrCUcfb7mc\">told\u003c/a> Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn., in March 2022, during a roundtable hosted by the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://accountabletech.org/\">Accountable Tech\u003c/a>. “I was never warned that entering these online platforms would only amplify the things that I already struggle with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta’s global head of safety, Antigone Davis, said in a statement emailed to NPR that the company refers to research on social media and feedback from teens and families. The company has launched “more than 30 tools to support families,” she says, including some “that allow teens and parents to navigate social media safely together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative from TikTok noted in an email that the company released a tool in March for users to monitor their screen time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So here’s what Lembke and other young people want you to know about how the apps work:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>1. These apps aren’t necessarily going to improve your life.\u003c/em> They aren’t necessarily going to help your fear of missing out. In fact, some teens say their feelings of FOMO actually worsened after starting social media. And for teenagers who are already struggling with mental health problems, studies \u003ca href=\"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3919760\">suggest \u003c/a>that social media can exacerbate these issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>2. The goal is to keep you on the phone, even if you don’t want to stay.\u003c/em> Even if you feel like social media is hurting you. The apps are \u003ca href=\"https://www.ted.com/talks/nir_eyal_what_makes_technology_so_habit_forming\">designed to keep you using them\u003c/a> so you can see ads. That’s how social media companies make money, Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Zuckerberg_Senate_Transcript_2018/3Oh1EAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=%22What+we+allow+is+for+advertisers+to+tell+us+who+they+want+to+reach,+and+then+we+do+the+placement.+So,+if+an+advertiser+comes+to+us+and+says,+%27All+right,+I+am+a+ski+shop+and+I+want+to+sell+skis+to+women,%27+then+we+might+have+some+sense,+because+people+shared+skiing-related+content,+or+said+they+were+interested+in+that,+they+shared+whether+they%27re+a+woman,+and+then+we+can+show+the+ads+to+the+right+people+without+that+data+ever+changing+hands+and+going+to+the+advertiser.%22&pg=PT46&printsec=frontcover\">explained\u003c/a> to Congress in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media apps tap into an ancient pathway in your brain that makes you crave using them and makes it extremely difficult to stop, says neuroscientist \u003ca href=\"https://en.samaha-lab.com/about/samaha/\">Anne-Noël Samaha\u003c/a> at the University of Montreal. “Social media apps know very well how to exploit human behavior to keep you coming back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many teens say they feel like social media apps control \u003cem>them \u003c/em>instead of vice versa. “I felt this addiction. I felt this pull, as if I had lost agency…,” Lembke said to Sen. Blumenthal. “As a young female, as a young person, that’s incredibly scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here’s the third thing teens say, over and over again about social media overuse: You can break the habit. And it starts with one key step: a digital audit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 2: Get your baseline\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Because of the way social media taps into our brain circuitry, most of the time we hardly realize we’re using the apps. It’s habitual or even subconscious. That’s why young people suggest doing a digital audit to help bring this usage into your consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a project in high school English class, Sofie Keppler tracked the time she spent on each app on her phone each day for a week. The results triggered several big epiphanies for the 16-year-old: “First, that I was using my phone like a lot — I mean \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> — more than I thought,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, “it made me think like, maybe I should limit myself … so I’m not always on social media, and I’m talking to everyone around me,” she says. “The more I was on the phone, the more I was ignoring people in social settings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ironically, you can do a digital audit easily with an app, such as Apple \u003ca href=\"https://support.apple.com/guide/iphone/view-your-screen-time-summary-iph24dcd4fb8/ios\">Screen Time\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://appadvice.com/app/moment-cut-screen-time/771541926\">Moment\u003c/a>, Toggl \u003ca href=\"https://toggl.com/track/\">Track\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rescuetime.com/\">Rescue Time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facts don’t lie … [tracking my usage] really got my eyes to open up,” Lembke says on the Log Off podcast. “When I downloaded Moment and I saw I had like 200 pickups of my phone each day, I was horrified. People don’t understand those statistics … until they really, really see them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then once you understand your baseline, have self-compassion, says Rijul Arora, who has struggled with what he describes as an addiction to social media himself. Don’t feel ashamed or anxious about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In workshops he gives on managing social media use, he tells teens: “Even if you have very high screen time … first acknowledge that you’re doing that, and it’s OK to be that way,” he says. Then when a teen seems ready to change, he adds: “It’s not OK to \u003cem>stay \u003c/em>that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which brings us to the next step.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 3: Add “friction” to make yourself pause\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Just as friction on the road slows down your car, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/30/1127249176/yael-eisenstat-why-we-need-more-friction-on-social-media\">friction\u003c/a> on social media slows your usage. Basically, it’s adding apps that throw up small obstacles when using social media. Friction makes you pause for a bit and think before you mindlessly log on, scroll or click.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some “friction” even makes you take breaths, fill out a wellness survey or meditate after some amount of time engaged with social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding friction is surprisingly easy. Again, there are a bunch of apps. Lembke recommends \u003ca href=\"https://habitlab.github.io/\">HabitLab\u003c/a> from Stanford University. The app uses more than 20 interventions to reduce your time on whatever apps you choose. For example, HabitLab runs a clock at the top of the screen showing how much time you’ve spent on the app. It also blocks your news feeds and even stops your scroll after a certain amount of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some apps, it uses an intervention called “Feed Diet,” which hides recommended content. Or it uses the “Mission Goal” intervention, which makes you type in why you’re entering this site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other friction apps include \u003ca href=\"https://apps.shopmoment.com/\">Moment\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://freedom.to/\">Freedom\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.forestapp.cc/\">Forest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://screentime.stanford.edu/\">Screentime Genie\u003c/a>. Both \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/tools-and-resources-for-parents-and-teens-in-vr-and-on-instagram\">Instagram \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://support.tiktok.com/en/account-and-privacy/account-information/screen-time\">TikTok\u003c/a> also have tools inside the apps to add friction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do these friction apps work? “Oh, I think my screen time decreased by like 80%” while using HabitLab, Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re tired of apps, Lembke recommends something she created: the five-minute power scroll. While looking at your news feed, stop at each image for five minutes. Say to yourself, “OK, with this image and with this person, why am I following them? Does this image make me happy? Am I benefiting from their content?” And if not, “unfollow them and give yourself grace to do that,” Lembke says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This five-minute power scroll helps you reflect on why you’re using the app and what you want to prioritize during your time online, she says. “It’s how can I maximize its benefits for me, while mitigating its harms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 4: Hack your apps’ default settings\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>On many apps, Arora says, the default settings tickle his brain circuitry in a way that amplifies his cravings and habitual overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never go by the default settings that tech companies give you,” says Arora. “Kids love this tip! Because they hate to be manipulated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over and over again, teens say that turning off notifications is the first — perhaps the most critical — step here. You can do it for only certain times of day, if you need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But also explore all the setting options, Arora says, including those related to privacy, your feed, comments and likes. “For example, many people don’t realize that you can turn off ‘likes’ on Instagram,” he says. “This helps reduce the competitiveness of the app.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if an app recommends videos or other content, or starts the next video on auto-play, don’t click. Go and find the video you \u003cem>want \u003c/em>to look at, Lembke says. Remember, she says, you’re in charge. Not the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/giving-young-people-a-safer-more-private-experience\">Instagram\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/new-features-for-teens-and-families-on-tiktok-us\">TikTok \u003c/a>have information for parents on how to set up teens’ accounts in a way that makes them safer but also can help with overuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, TikTok has started setting all users under age 18 to a screen time limit of 60 minutes each day. When they reach that limit, the app prompts them to enter a passcode if they want to keep watching, “requiring them to make an active decision to extend that time,” the company explained in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in Instagram, teens can turn on notifications that urge them to “take a break” after a certain amount of scrolling. The app will also “suggest that they set reminders to take more breaks in the future,” Adam Mosseri, head of Instagram, \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/raising-the-standard-for-protecting-teens-and-supporting-parents-online\">noted \u003c/a>in December 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 5: Enrich your 3D life\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This one is huge. And it comes from Alassane Sow, 20, who’s studying environmental microbiology at Michigan State University. He and many other young people notice that they use social media when they’re bored (or stressed and need a distraction).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people have a sort of shame when they see that they have 10 hours of screen time a day, and they don’t like that,” Sow explains. “But they don’t have anything else to do — or they feel like they don’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sow saw this in himself. “At some point, I realized that I couldn’t sit down for five minutes in my own space without looking at my phone for some sort of stimulus. That’s when I noticed, like, something was off,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he went out and started to find \u003cem>other \u003c/em>hobbies that don’t use his phone. He even has a special name for this: long-format entertainment. These are activities that take time to complete, such as reading a book, or drawing a picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These activities make sure my brain isn’t only entertained by short videos and stuff like that,” he explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I consciously plan to do them — instead of being on my phone, I say to myself, ‘I’m going to read a chapter of this book today or I’m going to go see my friends — that’s my favorite thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists, psychiatrists and therapists agree wholeheartedly with Sow. Reinvigorating your life offline is critical to healthy social media usage. Then cutting down social media becomes much easier. You don’t have to accept boredom offline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a big believer in passion in your life,” explains therapist Bob Keane at Walden Behavioral Care. “What do you really like to learn? What gets you really excited besides your phone? And that’s, I think, what we really have to encourage kids to develop.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not sure where to get started finding a passion? Lembke’s Log Off project has a whole series of projects and challenges to try, from dipping your toe into the 3D world to taking on big, long-term projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Step 6: Reach out to your parents for help — or if you’re a parent, get involved\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>This isn’t ironic or a joke. Teenagers say over and over again that they want their parents to help them regulate their social media use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They don’t want parents to rip the phone away or be controlling or bossy. And they definitely don’t want to feel judged or shamed for their social media use. But they want parents to listen empathetically, offer gentle advice and set up guard rails. Even some rules. They want help learning to manage their device themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In order to prevent addiction and manage digital wellbeing, it is important for parents to set boundaries for their children/teenagers,” writes recent high school graduate Keegan Lee in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.logoffmovement.org/post/a-message-from-gen-z-to-parents\">blog post\u003c/a> on Log Off, called “A Message from Gen Z to Parents.” Lee describes how to talk to teens about their usage and gives some ideas for how to set up rules, including “Try to keep tech out of the bedroom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Children may not like this suggestion,” she continues, “however, explain to them the purpose of the bedroom is used to rest and recharge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, Lee suggests setting clear consequences and punishments when kids violate tech rules. And “revisit the rules frequently,” she writes. If parents don’t help kids manage their screen use, she explains, no one else will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keane at Walden Behavioral Care says teenagers in his support group told him the same idea. “The kids were pretty clear to us that they need help,” he says. “They need help figuring out ways to be able to manage this because they told us, clearly, ‘We can’t do it by ourselves.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the rules need to apply to the whole family, including the parents themselves. “For example, if you have a family dinner, no one has a device at the table,” Keane suggests. “If a parent is driving your adolescent to a game or a practice … the parent can say, ‘If you’re going to want me to drive you, you’re not on your phone, you’re talking to me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal is simple but critical: Get kids back in the habit of socializing face-to-face. Because unlike online interactions, talking to other humans in person “is the glue of genuine human connection,” says therapist Kameron Mendes, who works with Keane at Walden Behavioral Center. And it’s time to replenish that glue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Adolescence is when kids start to become their own people in the world,” Mendes adds. “They try on finding friends, connecting with other people and connecting with other types of values and ideas. For that process to take hold and flourish, we really need to restore some level of human connection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2023 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Teens+say+social+media+is+stressing+them+out.+Here%27s+how+to+help+them&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ldsteinberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laurence Steinberg\u003c/a> started writing his latest book, he poked around on Google to examine the literature on parents of adult children. What he found surprised him. Most books were about estrangement, what most would consider a semi-permanent rupture between parent and child. As for the everyday fears that plague many mothers and fathers of adult children — over their kids’ apparently unhurried educations, leisurely careers, and foot-dragging with romantic partners — there was little to nothing. The Temple University professor of psychology and neuroscience who has studied young adults for decades decided that anxious parents would benefit from a closer look at the mysterious young adults in their midst. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.laurencesteinberg.com/books/you-and-your-adult-child\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">You and Your Adult Child: How to Grow Together in Challenging Times\u003c/a>\u003c/em> is a comforting reality check that many of us need.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-61501 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild-160x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild-160x242.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild.jpg 264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">“Delayed adulthood is a sociological phenomenon, not a psychological one; it’s a reflection of structural changes in the economy, the labor force and education,” Steinberg told me. Young adults do take longer than before to establish complete independence — about five years later than the prior generation. But there’s no evidence to support the notion that this delay is a signal of psychological distress. Indeed, settling more slowly into careers and family life makes sense when considering the cognitive development that’s occurring among those in their early 20s. Neuroscientists have figured out that \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the young adult brain \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is highly malleable and receptive to its environment. Young adults are growing and learning well into their 20s, meaning that the right challenges and experiences during this time will contribute to their development. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Steinberg debunks several established myths about older children that can preoccupy their parents. Consider marriage: As with other markers of young adulthood, marriage happens later than it ever used to — usually at age 30 for men and 28 for women — but does occur eventually for many people. Among individuals ages 33-44 in the top 40% of the income bracket, \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/middle-class-marriage-is-declining-and-likely-deepening-inequality/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">almost 80% are married\u003c/a> — a similar number to their predecessors 40 years ago. While marriage is less common among lower-income couples, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/11/cohabitation-is-up-marriage-is-down-for-young-adults.html\">15% of 25- to 34-year-olds live with a partner\u003c/a>. Indeed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bgsu.edu/ncfmr/resources/data/family-profiles/manning-carlson-trends-cohabitation-marriage-fp-21-04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">75% of couples who got married from 2015-2019 cohabitated first\u003c/a>. There’s no need to fret over your happily unhitched older child: Many will marry eventually. “If I can help parents feel reassured that the world isn’t falling apart if their 30-year-old isn’t married, that will be valuable,” Steinberg told me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents also worry about their kids’ delay in graduating from college and slow walk to finding a remunerative job. Why the dithering? Steinberg explains that the “four-year degree” is largely mythology: 40% of college freshmen never graduate, and those who do often take five or even six years to finish — a function, in part, of increasingly complex university degree requirements that tack on an extra semester or three. As well, graduates often find that potential employers expect their new hires to be learned in specialized skills that require even more training, further slowing their entry into the world of work. “It takes kids longer to get into their career,” Steinberg said. Also complicating matters, all the lead up to gainful employment often means kids remain financially dependent on their parents well into their 20s, or even beyond.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61506\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-61506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-160x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurence Steinberg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If parents of older children want to ease tensions over some of these concerns, they might shift the way they think about and respond to their kids’ path to adulthood. The first rule is to avoid ponderous comparisons between your own (faster, tidier) route to maturity and your child’s; “when I was your age,” is a conversation killer. Also, when considering whether to weigh in about your child’s job search, partner, finances, social media use, housekeeping (the list goes on), adopt a variation of the Hippocratic Oath: first, do no harm. As Steinberg puts it, “Speak up when you must, but unless your child specifically asks for it, keep your opinion to yourself.” Such discretion may not come naturally to a generation of parents who have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/overparenting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hovering anxiously over their children\u003c/a> since birth. But stepping back and staying mum is the way to give your adult kids space to make their own decisions. It also signals that you have faith in their ability to figure out their own lives. And when young adults do snap back at a well-intended suggestion to just send an email about job possibilities to a well-connected friend, try not to take it personally. Advice from parents can feel like an attack on their competence and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60624/young-adults-are-struggling-with-their-mental-health-is-more-childhood-independence-the-answer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ability to manage independently\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To be sure, some young adults are floundering, and do need \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concerted support from their parents\u003c/a>. To protect against a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61031/teen-girls-and-lgbtq-youth-plagued-by-violence-and-trauma-survey-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>, parents should continue to provide love and support into their child’s adulthood, especially when their kids are under stress. They also might try to step in occasionally to offer practical support — babysitting, a dinner out or even a loan if money is the problem. Without being intrusive, they should encourage their grown kids to find ways to reduce stress. Finally, information about possible genetic inheritances that can make their offspring susceptible to alcoholism or mental illness should be discussed sensitively but clearly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There’s one more myth Steinberg explodes: Despite the glut of books with dire warnings about estrangement, such breaches are atypical in households where parents and kids have largely gotten along. The term itself is poorly defined, and varies from book to book; some classify temporary spats and disagreements between siblings as parent/child estrangement. Parenting books often talk about the bad side of things, Steinberg said. About adult kids, he added, “they want you in their life.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ldsteinberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laurence Steinberg\u003c/a> started writing his latest book, he poked around on Google to examine the literature on parents of adult children. What he found surprised him. Most books were about estrangement, what most would consider a semi-permanent rupture between parent and child. As for the everyday fears that plague many mothers and fathers of adult children — over their kids’ apparently unhurried educations, leisurely careers, and foot-dragging with romantic partners — there was little to nothing. The Temple University professor of psychology and neuroscience who has studied young adults for decades decided that anxious parents would benefit from a closer look at the mysterious young adults in their midst. \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.laurencesteinberg.com/books/you-and-your-adult-child\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">You and Your Adult Child: How to Grow Together in Challenging Times\u003c/a>\u003c/em> is a comforting reality check that many of us need.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-61501 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild-160x242.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"242\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild-160x242.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/youyouradultchild.jpg 264w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">“Delayed adulthood is a sociological phenomenon, not a psychological one; it’s a reflection of structural changes in the economy, the labor force and education,” Steinberg told me. Young adults do take longer than before to establish complete independence — about five years later than the prior generation. But there’s no evidence to support the notion that this delay is a signal of psychological distress. Indeed, settling more slowly into careers and family life makes sense when considering the cognitive development that’s occurring among those in their early 20s. Neuroscientists have figured out that \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the young adult brain \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is highly malleable and receptive to its environment. Young adults are growing and learning well into their 20s, meaning that the right challenges and experiences during this time will contribute to their development. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Steinberg debunks several established myths about older children that can preoccupy their parents. Consider marriage: As with other markers of young adulthood, marriage happens later than it ever used to — usually at age 30 for men and 28 for women — but does occur eventually for many people. Among individuals ages 33-44 in the top 40% of the income bracket, \u003ca href=\"https://www.brookings.edu/research/middle-class-marriage-is-declining-and-likely-deepening-inequality/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">almost 80% are married\u003c/a> — a similar number to their predecessors 40 years ago. While marriage is less common among lower-income couples, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2018/11/cohabitation-is-up-marriage-is-down-for-young-adults.html\">15% of 25- to 34-year-olds live with a partner\u003c/a>. Indeed, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bgsu.edu/ncfmr/resources/data/family-profiles/manning-carlson-trends-cohabitation-marriage-fp-21-04.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">75% of couples who got married from 2015-2019 cohabitated first\u003c/a>. There’s no need to fret over your happily unhitched older child: Many will marry eventually. “If I can help parents feel reassured that the world isn’t falling apart if their 30-year-old isn’t married, that will be valuable,” Steinberg told me. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents also worry about their kids’ delay in graduating from college and slow walk to finding a remunerative job. Why the dithering? Steinberg explains that the “four-year degree” is largely mythology: 40% of college freshmen never graduate, and those who do often take five or even six years to finish — a function, in part, of increasingly complex university degree requirements that tack on an extra semester or three. As well, graduates often find that potential employers expect their new hires to be learned in specialized skills that require even more training, further slowing their entry into the world of work. “It takes kids longer to get into their career,” Steinberg said. Also complicating matters, all the lead up to gainful employment often means kids remain financially dependent on their parents well into their 20s, or even beyond.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61506\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 160px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-61506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-160x240.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"160\" height=\"240\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-1365x2048.jpg 1365w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/YAYAC-author-photo-scaled.jpg 1707w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 160px) 100vw, 160px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurence Steinberg\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If parents of older children want to ease tensions over some of these concerns, they might shift the way they think about and respond to their kids’ path to adulthood. The first rule is to avoid ponderous comparisons between your own (faster, tidier) route to maturity and your child’s; “when I was your age,” is a conversation killer. Also, when considering whether to weigh in about your child’s job search, partner, finances, social media use, housekeeping (the list goes on), adopt a variation of the Hippocratic Oath: first, do no harm. As Steinberg puts it, “Speak up when you must, but unless your child specifically asks for it, keep your opinion to yourself.” Such discretion may not come naturally to a generation of parents who have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/tag/overparenting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hovering anxiously over their children\u003c/a> since birth. But stepping back and staying mum is the way to give your adult kids space to make their own decisions. It also signals that you have faith in their ability to figure out their own lives. And when young adults do snap back at a well-intended suggestion to just send an email about job possibilities to a well-connected friend, try not to take it personally. Advice from parents can feel like an attack on their competence and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/60624/young-adults-are-struggling-with-their-mental-health-is-more-childhood-independence-the-answer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ability to manage independently\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To be sure, some young adults are floundering, and do need \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61186/what-parents-need-to-know-about-their-teens-mental-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concerted support from their parents\u003c/a>. To protect against a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61031/teen-girls-and-lgbtq-youth-plagued-by-violence-and-trauma-survey-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mental health crisis\u003c/a>, parents should continue to provide love and support into their child’s adulthood, especially when their kids are under stress. They also might try to step in occasionally to offer practical support — babysitting, a dinner out or even a loan if money is the problem. Without being intrusive, they should encourage their grown kids to find ways to reduce stress. Finally, information about possible genetic inheritances that can make their offspring susceptible to alcoholism or mental illness should be discussed sensitively but clearly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">There’s one more myth Steinberg explodes: Despite the glut of books with dire warnings about estrangement, such breaches are atypical in households where parents and kids have largely gotten along. The term itself is poorly defined, and varies from book to book; some classify temporary spats and disagreements between siblings as parent/child estrangement. Parenting books often talk about the bad side of things, Steinberg said. About adult kids, he added, “they want you in their life.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "Want to teach quality personal finance classes? Follow the 4 Cs | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preferential access to concert ticket presales and exclusive entrances at popular venues are just two of the ways credit card companies try to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/24/business/taylor-swift-tour-capital-one.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">entice young people to sign up for their first credit card\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Drawn in by benefits such as cash advances, many are not aware of looming consequences like high annual fees or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/advisor/credit-cards/average-credit-card-interest-rate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">steep interest rates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on debt. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://money.usnews.com/credit-cards/articles/survey-46-of-students-with-credit-cards-have-debt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2022 survey\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by U.S. News & World Report found that almost half of college students have credit card debt with nearly a quarter of respondents with debts over $2,000. One way to get kids to swipe their cards more responsibly and make better financial decisions overall is financial education. Students from states with high school financial education requirements were \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nefe.org/_images/research/Effects-of-K-12-Financial-Education-Mandates/Better-Borrowing-Report-MSU-Executive-Summary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">21% less likely to carry a balance on a credit card during college\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, according to a 2018 economic analysis. Personal finance classes are on the rise with more states making these classes mandatory for graduation. Since 2019, the number of states that guarantee a personal finance course has \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/state-of-financial-education-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">tripled from six to 18\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Teachers are eager to teach this course because of the level of engagement they see from their students, because nobody leaves their classroom saying, ‘How am I going to use this in my real life?’ Every day they’re walking out with something that they can bring back to their families or something they can implement in their own lives,” said \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TRanzetta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Ranzetta\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who taught personal finance to high schoolers at Eastside College Prep in California. He co-founded \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next Gen Personal Finance\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (NGPF), a nonprofit organization that provides personal finance curriculum and professional development for middle and high school teachers. Ranzetta recommends that teachers follow the four Cs – current, comprehensive, customizable and curated – to create \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61246/students-want-to-learn-about-personal-financeand-hear-about-adults-money-mistakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">effective personal finance classes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that equip students with the skills needed to manage their finances in the real world.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A good personal finance class ensures that students are learning topics relevant to current life, not financial wisdom from a decade ago, according to Ranzetta. “If we’re not talking about current topics, we’re going to lose kids,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current financial topics that weren’t popular even a few years ago include cryptocurrency and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Additionally, Ranzetta has seen sports betting become widely available with\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2023/01/09/where-is-sports-betting-legal-america-2022/?sh=104a5167386b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> nearly half of states now offering online sports betting from mobile phones\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Between\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/problem-gambling-is-on-the-rise-among-young-men-11671388600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 60% and 80% of high school students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> report having gambled for money in the past year, according to the National Council on Problem Gambling. Young men and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/problem-gambling-is-on-the-rise-among-young-men-11671388600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teen boys are particularly susceptible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to gambling and risky behaviors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranzetta recommends that teachers incorporate explainers about financial topics in the news into a weekly lesson. For example, Tara Razi, a teacher at San Marcos High School who uses NGPF’s curriculum, brought an article to her personal finance class about “buy now, pay later,” a newly popular payment practice that allows consumers to make a purchase immediately and pay it off in installments. “I always try to keep things relevant and up to date,” she said during a California Department of Education \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=899620537677797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">presentation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the benefits of financial literacy. “‘Buy now, pay later’ is becoming such a big thing in our society because people are financially hurting post-pandemic with inflation.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, NGPF offers a weekly financial current events quiz game and explainer video called \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/fincap-friday/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">FinCap Friday\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> designed for classroom use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"FinCap Friday: A Bank Run is No Fun | Hosted by @missbehelpful\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ijz9jislLxQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Comprehensive\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranzetta said quality personal finance classes should cover a broad range of topics, including budgeting, investing, credit management and behavioral economics. From their first paycheck at a part-time job to accessing their retirement account, comprehensive financial literacy classes are designed to prepare students to manage money throughout all life stages and career trajectories. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While almost all states have \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201304_cfpb_OFE-Policy-White-Paper-Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">adopted content standards\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that include personal finance, they don’t all require teaching the subject. Consequently, financial education can take a backseat to other requirements.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To address this issue, some schools are integrating personal finance education into existing curricula. For example, the K-6 program, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://everydaymath.uchicago.edu/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everyday Math\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, teaches students how to use math to solve practical financial problems, such as making change and counting with tally marks. At the high school level, standalone financial literacy classes are more common because students are starting to make their own financial decisions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Customizable \u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268121005096#!\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a randomized control study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conducted in Italy, students who took an instructor-led financial literacy class and students who took a similar online course showed increased financial literacy compared to a control group. But three months later, the effects persisted only for students in the instructor-led course.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The thing about having 25 students in front of you in a personal finance class is every one of them has had a different experience with money,” said Ranzetta. “Ultimately, we’re shaped by our own experiences.” Ranzetta encourages teachers to tailor financial literacy lessons to their students so they can apply what they know to their real life financial decisions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For instance, financial literacy education can cater to college-bound students who may not get the support they need at home or at college and career offices. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nacacnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/soca2019_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the National Association for College Admission Counseling, only 28% of public schools\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> employ at least one counselor with the exclusive responsibility of college counseling. “There’s a certain percentage of kids who are like, ‘This isn’t for me. I can’t possibly afford this, not recognizing that they may actually qualify for significant amounts of financial aid,” said Ranzetta.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tara Razi’s students at San Marcos High School can schedule a time to meet with her and get hands-on support with their finances. One student, for example, asked Razi for step-by-step guidance in transferring money from a checking account to a savings account. Additionally, if students feel prepared after the credit management unit and get written permission from their parents, she will walk them through signing up for a credit card. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Curated\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students have access to abundant financial information online, but they aren’t always great at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57665/as-bad-information-spreads-florida-schools-seek-to-teach-digital-literacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recognizing misinformation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “You have access to all the world’s information, which is great, but it’s also a curse,” said Ranzetta. It’s increasingly important to provide financial literacy at school that is based on advice from knowledgeable experts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/27/1021262899/finance-money-tips-kids-families-conversations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents are often students’ first financial literacy teachers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.momentive.ai/en/blog/cnbc-financial-literacy-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent survey by CNBC\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that only 15% of parents said they spoke with their children more than once a week about household finances. “If they’re not getting it from parents and they’re not getting it from schools, they’re getting it from TikTok,” said Ranzetta. “They need to have the foundational knowledge to say, ‘Is this good advice or bad advice?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While personal finance classes won’t explicitly tell students exactly what choices to make with their money, quality financial education can help them understand their options.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Preferential access to concert ticket presales and exclusive entrances at popular venues are just two of the ways credit card companies try to \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/24/business/taylor-swift-tour-capital-one.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">entice young people to sign up for their first credit card\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Drawn in by benefits such as cash advances, many are not aware of looming consequences like high annual fees or \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/advisor/credit-cards/average-credit-card-interest-rate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">steep interest rates\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on debt. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://money.usnews.com/credit-cards/articles/survey-46-of-students-with-credit-cards-have-debt\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A 2022 survey\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by U.S. News & World Report found that almost half of college students have credit card debt with nearly a quarter of respondents with debts over $2,000. One way to get kids to swipe their cards more responsibly and make better financial decisions overall is financial education. Students from states with high school financial education requirements were \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nefe.org/_images/research/Effects-of-K-12-Financial-Education-Mandates/Better-Borrowing-Report-MSU-Executive-Summary.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">21% less likely to carry a balance on a credit card during college\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, according to a 2018 economic analysis. Personal finance classes are on the rise with more states making these classes mandatory for graduation. Since 2019, the number of states that guarantee a personal finance course has \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/state-of-financial-education-report/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">tripled from six to 18\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Teachers are eager to teach this course because of the level of engagement they see from their students, because nobody leaves their classroom saying, ‘How am I going to use this in my real life?’ Every day they’re walking out with something that they can bring back to their families or something they can implement in their own lives,” said \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/TRanzetta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tim Ranzetta\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, who taught personal finance to high schoolers at Eastside College Prep in California. He co-founded \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Next Gen Personal Finance\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (NGPF), a nonprofit organization that provides personal finance curriculum and professional development for middle and high school teachers. Ranzetta recommends that teachers follow the four Cs – current, comprehensive, customizable and curated – to create \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/61246/students-want-to-learn-about-personal-financeand-hear-about-adults-money-mistakes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">effective personal finance classes\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that equip students with the skills needed to manage their finances in the real world.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A good personal finance class ensures that students are learning topics relevant to current life, not financial wisdom from a decade ago, according to Ranzetta. “If we’re not talking about current topics, we’re going to lose kids,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Current financial topics that weren’t popular even a few years ago include cryptocurrency and non-fungible tokens (NFTs). Additionally, Ranzetta has seen sports betting become widely available with\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2023/01/09/where-is-sports-betting-legal-america-2022/?sh=104a5167386b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> nearly half of states now offering online sports betting from mobile phones\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Between\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/problem-gambling-is-on-the-rise-among-young-men-11671388600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 60% and 80% of high school students\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> report having gambled for money in the past year, according to the National Council on Problem Gambling. Young men and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/problem-gambling-is-on-the-rise-among-young-men-11671388600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">teen boys are particularly susceptible\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to gambling and risky behaviors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranzetta recommends that teachers incorporate explainers about financial topics in the news into a weekly lesson. For example, Tara Razi, a teacher at San Marcos High School who uses NGPF’s curriculum, brought an article to her personal finance class about “buy now, pay later,” a newly popular payment practice that allows consumers to make a purchase immediately and pay it off in installments. “I always try to keep things relevant and up to date,” she said during a California Department of Education \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/watch/live/?ref=watch_permalink&v=899620537677797\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">presentation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> on the benefits of financial literacy. “‘Buy now, pay later’ is becoming such a big thing in our society because people are financially hurting post-pandemic with inflation.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Additionally, NGPF offers a weekly financial current events quiz game and explainer video called \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ngpf.org/fincap-friday/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">FinCap Friday\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> designed for classroom use.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"FinCap Friday: A Bank Run is No Fun | Hosted by @missbehelpful\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ijz9jislLxQ?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Comprehensive\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ranzetta said quality personal finance classes should cover a broad range of topics, including budgeting, investing, credit management and behavioral economics. From their first paycheck at a part-time job to accessing their retirement account, comprehensive financial literacy classes are designed to prepare students to manage money throughout all life stages and career trajectories. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While almost all states have \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/201304_cfpb_OFE-Policy-White-Paper-Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">adopted content standards\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that include personal finance, they don’t all require teaching the subject. Consequently, financial education can take a backseat to other requirements.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To address this issue, some schools are integrating personal finance education into existing curricula. For example, the K-6 program, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://everydaymath.uchicago.edu/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Everyday Math\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, teaches students how to use math to solve practical financial problems, such as making change and counting with tally marks. At the high school level, standalone financial literacy classes are more common because students are starting to make their own financial decisions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Customizable \u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268121005096#!\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a randomized control study\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> conducted in Italy, students who took an instructor-led financial literacy class and students who took a similar online course showed increased financial literacy compared to a control group. But three months later, the effects persisted only for students in the instructor-led course.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The thing about having 25 students in front of you in a personal finance class is every one of them has had a different experience with money,” said Ranzetta. “Ultimately, we’re shaped by our own experiences.” Ranzetta encourages teachers to tailor financial literacy lessons to their students so they can apply what they know to their real life financial decisions. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">For instance, financial literacy education can cater to college-bound students who may not get the support they need at home or at college and career offices. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://nacacnet.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/soca2019_all.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">According to the National Association for College Admission Counseling, only 28% of public schools\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> employ at least one counselor with the exclusive responsibility of college counseling. “There’s a certain percentage of kids who are like, ‘This isn’t for me. I can’t possibly afford this, not recognizing that they may actually qualify for significant amounts of financial aid,” said Ranzetta.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tara Razi’s students at San Marcos High School can schedule a time to meet with her and get hands-on support with their finances. One student, for example, asked Razi for step-by-step guidance in transferring money from a checking account to a savings account. Additionally, if students feel prepared after the credit management unit and get written permission from their parents, she will walk them through signing up for a credit card. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Curated\u003c/span>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Students have access to abundant financial information online, but they aren’t always great at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/57665/as-bad-information-spreads-florida-schools-seek-to-teach-digital-literacy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">recognizing misinformation\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. “You have access to all the world’s information, which is great, but it’s also a curse,” said Ranzetta. It’s increasingly important to provide financial literacy at school that is based on advice from knowledgeable experts. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/07/27/1021262899/finance-money-tips-kids-families-conversations\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Parents are often students’ first financial literacy teachers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. However, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.momentive.ai/en/blog/cnbc-financial-literacy-2022/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a recent survey by CNBC\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> shows that only 15% of parents said they spoke with their children more than once a week about household finances. “If they’re not getting it from parents and they’re not getting it from schools, they’re getting it from TikTok,” said Ranzetta. “They need to have the foundational knowledge to say, ‘Is this good advice or bad advice?” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While personal finance classes won’t explicitly tell students exactly what choices to make with their money, quality financial education can help them understand their options.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why Nashville student activists aren't willing to wait a generation for gun control",
"headTitle": "Why Nashville student activists aren’t willing to wait a generation for gun control | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This opinion column about the \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/column-nashville-student-activists-not-willing-to-wait-a-generation-for-gun-control/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tennessee expulsion\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for Hechinger’s weekly newsletters. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Activism has been part of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Safiyah Suara’s\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> young life since her politician mother hauled her along to demonstrations in a baby carrier. That’s why she’ll be spending this week protesting guns and the expulsion from the Tennessee House of two Democratic lawmakers by their Republican colleagues. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She’s hoping more young Tennesseans will join her.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The most important thing is to keep speaking out, and to show the legislature and the rest of the world that we won’t stop fighting,” said Safiyah, an 18-year-old senior at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://humefogg.mnps.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hume-Fogg\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a magnet high school just four a few blocks from the state capitol.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some 7,000 students who walked out of school in Nashville on April 3 did exactly that, after three children and three adults were killed by an assailant armed with semi-automatic weapons at a nearby church-affiliated school. They \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/nashville-children-scream-republicans-gun-control-viral-photo-1792437\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">confronted lawmakers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the capitol, then later watched in dismay as a Republican majority ousted Rep. Justin Pearson and Rep. Justin Jones for interrupting debate by leading a gun control protest on March 30 inside the chamber.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Sunday, the day before yet another mass shooting left five dead in Louisville, I spoke via Zoom with Safiyah and two of her Hume-Fogg classmates, along with their English teacher \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tennessean.com/story/opinion/contributors/2023/03/30/covenant-school-shooting-may-our-children-succeed-in-ending-violence/70058947007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Courtney Shultz.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They described what they see as an attack on democracy, one that has trained the nation’s eyes on their home state. Despite anguish over gun violence and the legislature’s failure to act on the issue, the high school seniors hope to build a better Tennessee, a state with a history of racism and segregation that only recently \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/politics/2021/07/23/tennessees-nathan-bedford-forrest-bust-has-been-moved-museum/8064468002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">removed \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the bust of the first grand wizard of the Ku Klux Klan from the state capitol.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Unfortunately, it’s up to our generation to push back and let them know we are not going to be silent anymore,” said Ren Peters, 18, who plans to study oceanography in college this fall in Florida, but wants to come back to his home state and continue fighting for stricter gun control. “We are going to be heard. You are not going to push us around. This isn’t a dictatorship.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shultz, who is also the school’s debate team coach, described the lesson in democracy she and about 25 Hume-Fogg students received last Thursday, when student government leaders from the school held a peaceful demonstration in support of Pearson and Jones in front of the capitol alongside their principal. Many waited in a packed tunnel for two hours to enter the building before they were confronted by state troopers who told them the building was full and they couldn’t enter, Schultz recalled.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61395\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtney Shultz, an English teacher and debate coach at Hume-Fogg High School in Nashville, protesting inaction on gun laws at the state capitol in Tennessee last week with senior Ren Peters. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Coutney Shultz.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The students carried small signs (after being warned they could not be larger than 8.5 x 11) with slogans like “Make Murder More Difficult,” and “We Just Want to Live Through High School.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They led chants and songs, including the renowned gospel tune \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/630051651/american-anthem-this-little-light-of-mine-resistance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This little light of mine.”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Several said they have been angry at the lack of stricter gun control laws in Tennessee and elsewhere for years, along with their legislature’s more recent focus on banning books, abortion and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/02/1160784530/tennessee-ban-public-drag-shows-transgender-health-care-youth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">drag shows.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We have been repeatedly asked to be patient. At this point, patience is ignorance,” Hume-Fogg senior Wyatt Bassow wrote in a letter to Republican \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tennessee Gov\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Bill Lee, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/voices/2023/04/09/gen-z-tired-being-patient-gun-reform-nashville-shooting/11621908002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">published\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in USA Today. “The reason this keeps happening is not drag shows or video games or a leftist agenda or books or schools or dress code or ‘wokeness’ or civil rights.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Like Ren, Wyatt plans to attend college in Florida, but told me he sees a future for himself in Tennessee, perhaps in politics. He’s both outraged and energized by what he witnessed in the state capitol. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is fascism. We are looking at it straight in the face, and the first step to fascism is silence,” Wyatt told me. “That’s why I want to come back here and make havoc. I know I can make change, even though our democracy is fragile.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61396\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-61396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students held up signs after marching to the state capitol in Tennessee to make their voices heard, as teacher Courtney Shultz has encouraged them to do. The Tennessee expulsion has ignited anger among students across Nashville. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Courtney Shultz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Safiyah, a member of the mayor’s youth council, has more practice at protesting than her classmates Ren and Wyatt. She’s the daughter\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of at-large Metro Council member \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://zulfatsuara.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zulfat Suara,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> who came to Tennessee the U.S. from Nigeria in 1993 and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/news/2023/04/07/vp-kamala-harris-meets-tennessee-three/11623365002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">was with\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Vice President Kamala Harris when she visited Nashville on April 7 and told protestors: “Your voices are part of the conscience of our country.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Safiyah has already \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/2023/02/18/donald-trump-protest-nashville-road-name-change-john-lewis-way/69912918007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">led a rally\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to stop Republicans from changing part of a Tennessee street named for Georgia Democrat and civil rights icon Rep. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/17/us/john-lewis-dead.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Lewis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to Donald Trump Boulevard. She’s met members of Lewis’s family in Alabama, and knows both Jones and Pearson. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ouster felt even more personal because Safiyah knows both men. The two legislators, both of whom are Black, were ousted while Rep. Gloria Jones, who is white and who also joined the protestors, was not. Collectively they’ve become known as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2023/04/04/tennessee-house-expulsion-gloria-johnson-justin-jones-justin-pearson/70080338007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The Tennessee Three,”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but only Jones and Pearson must now \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2023/04/09/justin-pearson-tennessee-expelled-00091113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">fight\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to get their positions back.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once school is out today, Safiyah will \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/zulfat4council/status/1645118911413616647/photo/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">head back to the state capitol\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in support of Jones and Pearson, where a special meeting of the city’s metro council will be held to discuss the vacant seats. She said she feels tired. But when Safiyah enters \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rhodes.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhodes College\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Memphis next fall, she’ll continue fighting and protesting, making the kind of “good trouble” Rep. John Lewis personified.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“He would be sick to his stomach seeing everything that is happening,” Safiyah told me. “He’d be sad for the state of Tennessee.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She’s certain that he would also be heartened by the voices of young students, pushing back, just as Safiyah was taught to do from the time she was born.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“My mom,” Safiya told me, “has always taught me that if you don’t have a seat at the table, full up a folding chair.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This opinion column about the \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/column-nashville-student-activists-not-willing-to-wait-a-generation-for-gun-control/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tennessee expulsion\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for our weekly newsletters. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Despite anguish over gun violence and the Tennessee state legislature’s failure to act, high schoolers in Nashville have hopes for building a better Tennessee, a state with a history of racism and segregation.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This opinion column about the \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/column-nashville-student-activists-not-willing-to-wait-a-generation-for-gun-control/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tennessee expulsion\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for Hechinger’s weekly newsletters. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Activism has been part of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Safiyah Suara’s\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> young life since her politician mother hauled her along to demonstrations in a baby carrier. That’s why she’ll be spending this week protesting guns and the expulsion from the Tennessee House of two Democratic lawmakers by their Republican colleagues. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She’s hoping more young Tennesseans will join her.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The most important thing is to keep speaking out, and to show the legislature and the rest of the world that we won’t stop fighting,” said Safiyah, an 18-year-old senior at \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://humefogg.mnps.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hume-Fogg\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, a magnet high school just four a few blocks from the state capitol.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Some 7,000 students who walked out of school in Nashville on April 3 did exactly that, after three children and three adults were killed by an assailant armed with semi-automatic weapons at a nearby church-affiliated school. They \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsweek.com/nashville-children-scream-republicans-gun-control-viral-photo-1792437\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">confronted lawmakers\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the capitol, then later watched in dismay as a Republican majority ousted Rep. Justin Pearson and Rep. Justin Jones for interrupting debate by leading a gun control protest on March 30 inside the chamber.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On Sunday, the day before yet another mass shooting left five dead in Louisville, I spoke via Zoom with Safiyah and two of her Hume-Fogg classmates, along with their English teacher \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tennessean.com/story/opinion/contributors/2023/03/30/covenant-school-shooting-may-our-children-succeed-in-ending-violence/70058947007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Courtney Shultz.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> They described what they see as an attack on democracy, one that has trained the nation’s eyes on their home state. Despite anguish over gun violence and the legislature’s failure to act on the issue, the high school seniors hope to build a better Tennessee, a state with a history of racism and segregation that only recently \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.knoxnews.com/story/news/politics/2021/07/23/tennessees-nathan-bedford-forrest-bust-has-been-moved-museum/8064468002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">removed \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the bust of the first grand wizard of the Ku Klux Klan from the state capitol.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Unfortunately, it’s up to our generation to push back and let them know we are not going to be silent anymore,” said Ren Peters, 18, who plans to study oceanography in college this fall in Florida, but wants to come back to his home state and continue fighting for stricter gun control. “We are going to be heard. You are not going to push us around. This isn’t a dictatorship.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Shultz, who is also the school’s debate team coach, described the lesson in democracy she and about 25 Hume-Fogg students received last Thursday, when student government leaders from the school held a peaceful demonstration in support of Pearson and Jones in front of the capitol alongside their principal. Many waited in a packed tunnel for two hours to enter the building before they were confronted by state troopers who told them the building was full and they couldn’t enter, Schultz recalled.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61395\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61395\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Courtney Shultz, an English teacher and debate coach at Hume-Fogg High School in Nashville, protesting inaction on gun laws at the state capitol in Tennessee last week with senior Ren Peters. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Coutney Shultz.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The students carried small signs (after being warned they could not be larger than 8.5 x 11) with slogans like “Make Murder More Difficult,” and “We Just Want to Live Through High School.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They led chants and songs, including the renowned gospel tune \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/630051651/american-anthem-this-little-light-of-mine-resistance\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This little light of mine.”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Several said they have been angry at the lack of stricter gun control laws in Tennessee and elsewhere for years, along with their legislature’s more recent focus on banning books, abortion and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/03/02/1160784530/tennessee-ban-public-drag-shows-transgender-health-care-youth\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">drag shows.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We have been repeatedly asked to be patient. At this point, patience is ignorance,” Hume-Fogg senior Wyatt Bassow wrote in a letter to Republican \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tennessee Gov\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Bill Lee, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/voices/2023/04/09/gen-z-tired-being-patient-gun-reform-nashville-shooting/11621908002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">published\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in USA Today. “The reason this keeps happening is not drag shows or video games or a leftist agenda or books or schools or dress code or ‘wokeness’ or civil rights.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Like Ren, Wyatt plans to attend college in Florida, but told me he sees a future for himself in Tennessee, perhaps in politics. He’s both outraged and energized by what he witnessed in the state capitol. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“This is fascism. We are looking at it straight in the face, and the first step to fascism is silence,” Wyatt told me. “That’s why I want to come back here and make havoc. I know I can make change, even though our democracy is fragile.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61396\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-61396\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"667\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/willen-nashville-column2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students held up signs after marching to the state capitol in Tennessee to make their voices heard, as teacher Courtney Shultz has encouraged them to do. The Tennessee expulsion has ignited anger among students across Nashville. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Courtney Shultz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Safiyah, a member of the mayor’s youth council, has more practice at protesting than her classmates Ren and Wyatt. She’s the daughter\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of at-large Metro Council member \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://zulfatsuara.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Zulfat Suara,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> who came to Tennessee the U.S. from Nigeria in 1993 and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tennessean.com/picture-gallery/news/2023/04/07/vp-kamala-harris-meets-tennessee-three/11623365002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">was with\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Vice President Kamala Harris when she visited Nashville on April 7 and told protestors: “Your voices are part of the conscience of our country.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Safiyah has already \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/local/2023/02/18/donald-trump-protest-nashville-road-name-change-john-lewis-way/69912918007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">led a rally\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to stop Republicans from changing part of a Tennessee street named for Georgia Democrat and civil rights icon Rep. \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/17/us/john-lewis-dead.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Lewis\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to Donald Trump Boulevard. She’s met members of Lewis’s family in Alabama, and knows both Jones and Pearson. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The ouster felt even more personal because Safiyah knows both men. The two legislators, both of whom are Black, were ousted while Rep. Gloria Jones, who is white and who also joined the protestors, was not. Collectively they’ve become known as \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.tennessean.com/story/news/politics/2023/04/04/tennessee-house-expulsion-gloria-johnson-justin-jones-justin-pearson/70080338007/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“The Tennessee Three,”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> but only Jones and Pearson must now \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2023/04/09/justin-pearson-tennessee-expelled-00091113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">fight\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to get their positions back.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once school is out today, Safiyah will \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/zulfat4council/status/1645118911413616647/photo/1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">head back to the state capitol\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in support of Jones and Pearson, where a special meeting of the city’s metro council will be held to discuss the vacant seats. She said she feels tired. But when Safiyah enters \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.rhodes.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Rhodes College\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in Memphis next fall, she’ll continue fighting and protesting, making the kind of “good trouble” Rep. John Lewis personified.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“He would be sick to his stomach seeing everything that is happening,” Safiyah told me. “He’d be sad for the state of Tennessee.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">She’s certain that he would also be heartened by the voices of young students, pushing back, just as Safiyah was taught to do from the time she was born.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“My mom,” Safiya told me, “has always taught me that if you don’t have a seat at the table, full up a folding chair.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This opinion column about the \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/column-nashville-student-activists-not-willing-to-wait-a-generation-for-gun-control/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tennessee expulsion\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> was produced by The Hechinger Report, a nonprofit, independent news organization focused on inequality and innovation in education. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://hechingerreport.org/newsletters/\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for our weekly newsletters. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Recovery high schools help kids heal from addiction and build a positive future",
"headTitle": "MindShift | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Every weekday at 5280 High School in Denver starts the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in recovery from drug and alcohol addiction gather on the steps of the school's indoor auditorium to discuss a topic chosen by staff members. One recent morning, they talked about mental health and sobriety. A teenage boy dressed in tan corduroys, a black hoodie, and sneakers went first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't want to have, like, any emotion,\" he said. \"So I thought, like, the best way to, like, put it down would be to do more and more and more drugs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A classmate said she started doing drugs for fun and then got hooked. Another student said his addiction negatively impacts his mental health. A third announced an upcoming milestone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In, like, two days, I'll be six months sober,\" she said, as her classmates cheered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students attend Colorado's only recovery high school — one of 43 nationwide. These schools \u003ca href=\"https://recoveryschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are designed for students who are recovering\u003c/a> from substance use disorder and might also be dealing with related mental health disorders. The Denver school opened in 2018 as a public charter school that today enrolls more than 100 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those cheering classmates was sophomore Alexis Castillo, 16, who listened supportively during that recent morning meeting. She is in recovery for alcohol and fentanyl addictions. Several of her friends attended the school when she enrolled during her freshman year and initially loved it. But after a while some of Castillo's friends left and she grew disillusioned. She stopped going to class and wasn't motivated to work her recovery steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They give you a lot of accountability,\" she said. \"That was not something I wanted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo relapsed and school staffers helped her get into rehab. Three months later she was back at the school, in recovery and ready to do the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school's mission is to help kids learn to live a substance-free life while receiving an education. This includes attending recovery meetings and wellness activities, and taking traditional high school classes like English, math, and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They can go on to college or a career and really handle anything that life throws at them,\" said 5280's founder and executive director, Dr. Melissa Mouton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, nearly a third of 12th graders and 1 in 5 10th graders reported using an illicit drug in the previous year, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://monitoringthefuture.org/data/Prevalence.html#drug=%22Any+Illicit+Drug%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national survey\u003c/a> from the Monitoring the Future project conducted by the University of Michigan Survey Research Center. Those numbers have steadily decreased over the past 25 years. However, data from UCLA shows \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/news/adolescent-drug-overdose-deaths-rose-exponentially-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overdose deaths among teens doubled\u003c/a> in the first year of the pandemic, mainly attributed to the increased prevalence of fentanyl-laced drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first recovery high school opened in Silver Spring, Md., in 1979 and similar programs now operate in 21 states. Compared with their peers at regular schools who have gone through treatment, recovery high school students have better attendance and are more likely to \u003ca href=\"https://read.qxmd.com/read/31811754/net-benefits-of-recovery-high-schools-higher-cost-but-increased-sobriety-and-educational-attainment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stay sober\u003c/a>, and their \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901088/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">graduation rate\u003c/a> is at least 21% higher, according to one study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61347\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61347\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mosaic in the computer lab at 5280 High School in Denver. Colorado’s only high school with a recovery program opened in 2018 as a public charter school and today enrolls more than 100 students. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Daniel for KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"For this particular group of young people who have these disorders, this can be a lifesaver,\" said John Kelly, director of the Recovery Research Institute at Massachusetts General Hospital. \"It can help them create a social norm of recovery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three components to effective drug and alcohol treatment, according to Dr. Sharon Levy, a pediatrician and addiction medicine specialist at Boston Children's Hospital. The first part is medical, which includes seeing a doctor, drug testing, and using medications like buprenorphine to treat opioid addiction. The second is emotional support from counseling to address co-occurring mental health disorders. And there is a behavioral component that, for kids, can include receiving positive feedback from parents, peer support and recovery schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recovery schools offer an opportunity really for peer support and mutual aid in a kind of a supervised and structured way,\" Levy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recovery high schools often weave components of treatment into the school day — activities like 5280's daily recovery program meeting. In the afternoon, the school offers wellness electives such as spiritual principles and journaling. The school also employs a director of recovery and recovery coach to work with and counsel the students individually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recovery schools do face challenges. Most are publicly funded charter or alternative schools that carry a higher cost of educating students than traditional schools do. This is due to a smaller enrollment, the need for mental health and recovery personnel, higher faculty-to-student ratios, and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Denver school enrolls about 100 students annually, making it one of the biggest recovery high schools in the nation. This year, the per-pupil cost is about $25,000 per student but the school receives only about $15,000 from federal, state, and local funding, according to Mouton. The remaining money comes from donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complex needs of the students, \"recovery schools will always be small,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pooling such students together may also raise a concern that students will trigger one another to use drugs and alcohol and relapse, but, Levy said, that's a risk with any social interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, if you're in an environment where the recovery is kind of front and center and people are watching and monitoring and supervising,\" she said, \"I think that's helpful for a lot of kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school in Denver purposely keeps enrollment under capacity so additional teens can enroll anytime during the school year. A student won't get kicked out if they relapse, but there are two requirements: They must want to be sober and attend an outside recovery program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The No. 1 step is just letting them know out of the gate, no matter what's going on, that we love them,\" said Brittany Kitchens, the school's recovery coach. \"We are here for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kitchens teaches students how to navigate recovery and regulate their emotions. She likens herself to a hall monitor, constantly checking in with students and looking for changes in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I tend to be the first kind of line that the kids will come to when they're experiencing something that is just a little bit too big for them to process,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these difficulties stem from traumas students have experienced, including sex and drug trafficking, and abandonment. 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"excerpt": "A few dozen high schools across the U.S. combine education with treatment for substance use disorders to keep kids in recovery — and in school.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every weekday at 5280 High School in Denver starts the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students in recovery from drug and alcohol addiction gather on the steps of the school's indoor auditorium to discuss a topic chosen by staff members. One recent morning, they talked about mental health and sobriety. A teenage boy dressed in tan corduroys, a black hoodie, and sneakers went first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I didn't want to have, like, any emotion,\" he said. \"So I thought, like, the best way to, like, put it down would be to do more and more and more drugs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A classmate said she started doing drugs for fun and then got hooked. Another student said his addiction negatively impacts his mental health. A third announced an upcoming milestone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In, like, two days, I'll be six months sober,\" she said, as her classmates cheered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students attend Colorado's only recovery high school — one of 43 nationwide. These schools \u003ca href=\"https://recoveryschools.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are designed for students who are recovering\u003c/a> from substance use disorder and might also be dealing with related mental health disorders. The Denver school opened in 2018 as a public charter school that today enrolls more than 100 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those cheering classmates was sophomore Alexis Castillo, 16, who listened supportively during that recent morning meeting. She is in recovery for alcohol and fentanyl addictions. Several of her friends attended the school when she enrolled during her freshman year and initially loved it. But after a while some of Castillo's friends left and she grew disillusioned. She stopped going to class and wasn't motivated to work her recovery steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They give you a lot of accountability,\" she said. \"That was not something I wanted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo relapsed and school staffers helped her get into rehab. Three months later she was back at the school, in recovery and ready to do the work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school's mission is to help kids learn to live a substance-free life while receiving an education. This includes attending recovery meetings and wellness activities, and taking traditional high school classes like English, math, and Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They can go on to college or a career and really handle anything that life throws at them,\" said 5280's founder and executive director, Dr. Melissa Mouton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022, nearly a third of 12th graders and 1 in 5 10th graders reported using an illicit drug in the previous year, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://monitoringthefuture.org/data/Prevalence.html#drug=%22Any+Illicit+Drug%22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">national survey\u003c/a> from the Monitoring the Future project conducted by the University of Michigan Survey Research Center. Those numbers have steadily decreased over the past 25 years. However, data from UCLA shows \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/news/adolescent-drug-overdose-deaths-rose-exponentially-first\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overdose deaths among teens doubled\u003c/a> in the first year of the pandemic, mainly attributed to the increased prevalence of fentanyl-laced drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first recovery high school opened in Silver Spring, Md., in 1979 and similar programs now operate in 21 states. Compared with their peers at regular schools who have gone through treatment, recovery high school students have better attendance and are more likely to \u003ca href=\"https://read.qxmd.com/read/31811754/net-benefits-of-recovery-high-schools-higher-cost-but-increased-sobriety-and-educational-attainment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stay sober\u003c/a>, and their \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901088/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">graduation rate\u003c/a> is at least 21% higher, according to one study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_61347\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-61347\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/23/2023/04/recovery-high-school-2-6b1346a6a206c6b382881c292f0110b777f3f4c7-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A mosaic in the computer lab at 5280 High School in Denver. Colorado’s only high school with a recovery program opened in 2018 as a public charter school and today enrolls more than 100 students. \u003ccite>(Stephanie Daniel for KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"For this particular group of young people who have these disorders, this can be a lifesaver,\" said John Kelly, director of the Recovery Research Institute at Massachusetts General Hospital. \"It can help them create a social norm of recovery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are three components to effective drug and alcohol treatment, according to Dr. Sharon Levy, a pediatrician and addiction medicine specialist at Boston Children's Hospital. The first part is medical, which includes seeing a doctor, drug testing, and using medications like buprenorphine to treat opioid addiction. The second is emotional support from counseling to address co-occurring mental health disorders. And there is a behavioral component that, for kids, can include receiving positive feedback from parents, peer support and recovery schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recovery schools offer an opportunity really for peer support and mutual aid in a kind of a supervised and structured way,\" Levy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recovery high schools often weave components of treatment into the school day — activities like 5280's daily recovery program meeting. In the afternoon, the school offers wellness electives such as spiritual principles and journaling. The school also employs a director of recovery and recovery coach to work with and counsel the students individually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recovery schools do face challenges. Most are publicly funded charter or alternative schools that carry a higher cost of educating students than traditional schools do. This is due to a smaller enrollment, the need for mental health and recovery personnel, higher faculty-to-student ratios, and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Denver school enrolls about 100 students annually, making it one of the biggest recovery high schools in the nation. This year, the per-pupil cost is about $25,000 per student but the school receives only about $15,000 from federal, state, and local funding, according to Mouton. The remaining money comes from donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complex needs of the students, \"recovery schools will always be small,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pooling such students together may also raise a concern that students will trigger one another to use drugs and alcohol and relapse, but, Levy said, that's a risk with any social interaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, if you're in an environment where the recovery is kind of front and center and people are watching and monitoring and supervising,\" she said, \"I think that's helpful for a lot of kids.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school in Denver purposely keeps enrollment under capacity so additional teens can enroll anytime during the school year. A student won't get kicked out if they relapse, but there are two requirements: They must want to be sober and attend an outside recovery program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The No. 1 step is just letting them know out of the gate, no matter what's going on, that we love them,\" said Brittany Kitchens, the school's recovery coach. \"We are here for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kitchens teaches students how to navigate recovery and regulate their emotions. She likens herself to a hall monitor, constantly checking in with students and looking for changes in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I tend to be the first kind of line that the kids will come to when they're experiencing something that is just a little bit too big for them to process,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of these difficulties stem from traumas students have experienced, including sex and drug trafficking, and abandonment. Students also deal with traumas they have caused, Kitchens said, actions that landed them in jail or on probation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kitchens, who is in recovery herself, shares coping mechanisms with the students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of times it just starts with, 'Hey, take a breath, breathe in through the nose and out through the mouth,'\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexis has been in recovery for nearly a year, she said. The morning meetings where she and her classmates talk about mental health, sobriety, and other topics are an opportunity to build a community of friends who support one another, something she said she didn't have when she was using drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really hard to get sober young,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is part of a partnership that includes \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kunc.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>KUNC\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>NPR\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, and KHN.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
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