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"content": "\u003cp>The other shoe dropped for Elizabeth Holmes today -- the criminal one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal grand jury has indicted Holmes on criminal charges of allegedly defrauding investors, doctors and patients as the head of the once-heralded Bay Area blood-testing startup Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excerpt from John Carreyrou's 'Bad Blood': What Happened When Theranos Exec Confronted Elizabeth Holmes About Her Lack of Ethics\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California said late Friday that Holmes and her former chief operating officer, Ramesh \"Sunny\" Balwani, have been charged with two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and nine counts of wire fraud. They face a maximum of 20 years in prison, the U.S. Attorney's Office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Holmes and Balwani surrendered to the FBI and were arraigned in U.S. District Court in San Jose, CNBC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/15/theranos-chief-elizabeth-holmes-arrested-on-federal-criminal-charges-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports. \u003c/a>They were released on $500,000 bond each and ordered to surrender their passports at the arraignment, which was attended by Holmes' parents, the network reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action comes three months after the Securities and Exchange Commission entered into a settlement with Holmes and Theranos over charges that the company perpetrated a \"massive\" and \"years-long\" fraud by exaggerating or making false statements to investors about the company's technology and financial performance. Balwani, 53, did not settle in that case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes, 34, is a Stanford University dropout who was once billed as the next Steve Jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She claimed that Theranos could perform dozens of blood tests from a few finger-sticks of blood, an advance that would have disrupted the diagnostics industry now dominated by a handful of giant companies. But an investigation by Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou exposed Theranos' claims as untrue, and its testing results as inaccurate. The company was forced to invalidate hundreds of thousands of blood tests performed on patients, and it eventually exited the consumer blood-testing business after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services found deficiencies at the company's laboratory that the agency deemed life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting U.S. Attorney Alex G. Tse portrayed the indictments against Holmes and Balwani as a warning against Silicon Valley companies who use deceit in their business dealings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Investors large and small from around the world are attracted to Silicon Valley by its track record, its talent, and its promise,\" Tse said. \"They are also attracted by the fact that behind the innovation and entrepreneurship are rules of law that require honesty, fair play, and transparency. This office, along with our other law enforcement partners in the Bay Area, will vigorously investigate and prosecute those who do not play by the rules that make Silicon Valley work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how many people still work at Theranos, which has had to lay off the vast majority of its workers in the face of mounting scandals. But the company remained feisty as recently as three weeks ago, when it issued a \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2018/05/23/company-statement-regarding-may-20-2018-60-minutes-story/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/video/the-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-deception/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60 Minutes\u003c/a>\" story timed to coincide with the release of Carreyrou's book, which depicted rampant unethical behavior by Holmes and Balwani. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the prologue here. It's a doozy\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Henning, a former senior attorney in the enforcement division of the SEC, said Theranos' statement came close to breaking a stipulation in its agreement with the SEC that prohibits it from denying the agency's allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vindication for Carreyrou\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One aspect of the Theranos story is how one reporter, aided by whistleblowers, took on a Silicon Valley darling whose founder was well on her way to becoming a tech icon.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s vindicating. I put three-and a-half years of my life into covering this story.'\u003ccite>John Carreyrou, Wall Street Journal reporter who exposed Theranos as a fraud, on today's events\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After Carreyrou's first stories exposing Theranos, he became Public Enemy No. 1 at the company, as it fought back by depicting his reporting as riddled with inaccuracies. (That particular \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2015/10/15/statement-from-theranos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release,\u003c/a> remarkably, is still available on the Theranos website.) 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The other shoe dropped for Elizabeth Holmes today -- the criminal one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal grand jury has indicted Holmes on criminal charges of allegedly defrauding investors, doctors and patients as the head of the once-heralded Bay Area blood-testing startup Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Excerpt from John Carreyrou's 'Bad Blood': What Happened When Theranos Exec Confronted Elizabeth Holmes About Her Lack of Ethics\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Attorney's Office for the Northern District of California said late Friday that Holmes and her former chief operating officer, Ramesh \"Sunny\" Balwani, have been charged with two counts of conspiracy to commit wire fraud and nine counts of wire fraud. They face a maximum of 20 years in prison, the U.S. Attorney's Office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Holmes and Balwani surrendered to the FBI and were arraigned in U.S. District Court in San Jose, CNBC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/06/15/theranos-chief-elizabeth-holmes-arrested-on-federal-criminal-charges-.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports. \u003c/a>They were released on $500,000 bond each and ordered to surrender their passports at the arraignment, which was attended by Holmes' parents, the network reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action comes three months after the Securities and Exchange Commission entered into a settlement with Holmes and Theranos over charges that the company perpetrated a \"massive\" and \"years-long\" fraud by exaggerating or making false statements to investors about the company's technology and financial performance. Balwani, 53, did not settle in that case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes, 34, is a Stanford University dropout who was once billed as the next Steve Jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She claimed that Theranos could perform dozens of blood tests from a few finger-sticks of blood, an advance that would have disrupted the diagnostics industry now dominated by a handful of giant companies. But an investigation by Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou exposed Theranos' claims as untrue, and its testing results as inaccurate. The company was forced to invalidate hundreds of thousands of blood tests performed on patients, and it eventually exited the consumer blood-testing business after the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services found deficiencies at the company's laboratory that the agency deemed life-threatening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Acting U.S. Attorney Alex G. Tse portrayed the indictments against Holmes and Balwani as a warning against Silicon Valley companies who use deceit in their business dealings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Investors large and small from around the world are attracted to Silicon Valley by its track record, its talent, and its promise,\" Tse said. \"They are also attracted by the fact that behind the innovation and entrepreneurship are rules of law that require honesty, fair play, and transparency. This office, along with our other law enforcement partners in the Bay Area, will vigorously investigate and prosecute those who do not play by the rules that make Silicon Valley work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear how many people still work at Theranos, which has had to lay off the vast majority of its workers in the face of mounting scandals. But the company remained feisty as recently as three weeks ago, when it issued a \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2018/05/23/company-statement-regarding-may-20-2018-60-minutes-story/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/video/the-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-deception/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60 Minutes\u003c/a>\" story timed to coincide with the release of Carreyrou's book, which depicted rampant unethical behavior by Holmes and Balwani. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/442098/book-excerpt-one-execs-tumultuous-last-day-at-theranos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the prologue here. It's a doozy\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Henning, a former senior attorney in the enforcement division of the SEC, said Theranos' statement came close to breaking a stipulation in its agreement with the SEC that prohibits it from denying the agency's allegations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Vindication for Carreyrou\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One aspect of the Theranos story is how one reporter, aided by whistleblowers, took on a Silicon Valley darling whose founder was well on her way to becoming a tech icon.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s vindicating. I put three-and a-half years of my life into covering this story.'\u003ccite>John Carreyrou, Wall Street Journal reporter who exposed Theranos as a fraud, on today's events\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After Carreyrou's first stories exposing Theranos, he became Public Enemy No. 1 at the company, as it fought back by depicting his reporting as riddled with inaccuracies. (That particular \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2015/10/15/statement-from-theranos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press release,\u003c/a> remarkably, is still available on the Theranos website.) Notoriously, at one point, employees who had gathered for a companywide meeting \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/09/elizabeth-holmes-theranos-exclusive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chanted\u003c/a> \"F*** you, Carreyrou\" to voice their displeasure with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carreyrou recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101865652/bad-blood-traces-theranos-fall-from-silicon-valley-grace\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">appeared\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program, and I asked him today how he felt about the indictments of Holmes and Balwani.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s vindicating,\" he wrote in an email. \"I put three-and-a-half years of my life into covering this story.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stanford Pioneer in Brain Research Wins Prestigious Kyoto Prize",
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"content": "\u003cp>Karl Deisseroth, a Stanford University professor of bioengineering and psychiatry, has been awarded an international prize worth more than $900,000 for his work in illuminating brain activity with light. The exact amount of the prize was 100 million yen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders.'\u003ccite>Lloyd Minor, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth is receiving the 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyoto Prize\u003c/a> for advanced technology. Awards are also granted for basic sciences, and arts and philosophy. Some of its recipients have gone on to win the Nobel Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/about_pi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deisseroth,\u003c/a> the youngest person to ever receive the prize, is being honored for developing \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/optogenetics/\">optogenetics\u003c/a>, a technology that uses light-sensitive proteins to manipulate brain cell activity. The method allows scientists to glean more information about brain disorders and to probe how the nervous system works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is humbling to see all the distinguished people who have won the Kyoto Prize, and to be listed with them. It is wonderful to see pure basic science discoveries recognized in this way,\" said Deisseroth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique developed by Deisseroth and his team manipulates cellular activity by delivering a pulse of light to a particular cell through an optical fiber that has been implanted in the animal’s brain. The method yields information on how brain cells give rise to sensations, memories and actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442697\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-442697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-375x281.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kyoto prize medal. \u003ccite>(Inamori Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A brilliant and innovative investigator, Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders,” said Dr. Lloyd Minor, dean of the \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/a>, in a statement. “His receipt of the Kyoto Prize is inordinately well-deserved and the product of his unmatched scientific vision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth has said his research\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/optogenetics-controlling/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> was motivated by\u003c/a> a desire to better understand psychiatric disorders, the leading cause of years of life lost to death or disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth’s research, developed between 2004 and 2009, is used by laboratories around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thousands of laboratories around the world have used optogenetics to satisfy their own curiosity about the natural world, and to test ideas in a broad range of systems and species,\" he said. \"Many people are also studying brain diseases, and optogenetics-guided clinical trials have already started with some success, bringing a new kind of hope to people affected by these diseases such as substance dependence and depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE6uNFFZ0qc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes optogenetics so groundbreaking is its level of precision in controlling defined activity within specific cells, according to I-Han Chou, senior editor at the journal \"Nature\".[contextly_sidebar id=\"08EVHeybNXS0fTuglKI55A1KVy7EFUpl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you imagine the brain as this city, up until now we have been looking at it as if from space,\" Chou\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/what-is-optogenetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told the\u003c/a> World Economic Forum site. \"We haven't had the tools to do anything beyond seeing what the whole city block is doing. What you actually want to know is what the individual components of the city are, what the people are doing, and what's the information being transported from one part of the city to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique could transform how neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease are treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When things go wrong with the brain it is just so devastating. One of the hopes for optogenetics is that if it can work in humans, it might be used as a tool for restoring brain function,\" Chou added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Karl Deisseroth, a Stanford University professor of bioengineering and psychiatry, has been awarded an international prize worth more than $900,000 for his work in illuminating brain activity with light. The exact amount of the prize was 100 million yen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders.'\u003ccite>Lloyd Minor, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth is receiving the 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyoto Prize\u003c/a> for advanced technology. Awards are also granted for basic sciences, and arts and philosophy. Some of its recipients have gone on to win the Nobel Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/about_pi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deisseroth,\u003c/a> the youngest person to ever receive the prize, is being honored for developing \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/optogenetics/\">optogenetics\u003c/a>, a technology that uses light-sensitive proteins to manipulate brain cell activity. The method allows scientists to glean more information about brain disorders and to probe how the nervous system works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is humbling to see all the distinguished people who have won the Kyoto Prize, and to be listed with them. It is wonderful to see pure basic science discoveries recognized in this way,\" said Deisseroth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique developed by Deisseroth and his team manipulates cellular activity by delivering a pulse of light to a particular cell through an optical fiber that has been implanted in the animal’s brain. The method yields information on how brain cells give rise to sensations, memories and actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442697\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-442697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-375x281.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kyoto prize medal. \u003ccite>(Inamori Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A brilliant and innovative investigator, Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders,” said Dr. Lloyd Minor, dean of the \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/a>, in a statement. “His receipt of the Kyoto Prize is inordinately well-deserved and the product of his unmatched scientific vision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth has said his research\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/optogenetics-controlling/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> was motivated by\u003c/a> a desire to better understand psychiatric disorders, the leading cause of years of life lost to death or disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth’s research, developed between 2004 and 2009, is used by laboratories around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thousands of laboratories around the world have used optogenetics to satisfy their own curiosity about the natural world, and to test ideas in a broad range of systems and species,\" he said. \"Many people are also studying brain diseases, and optogenetics-guided clinical trials have already started with some success, bringing a new kind of hope to people affected by these diseases such as substance dependence and depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE6uNFFZ0qc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes optogenetics so groundbreaking is its level of precision in controlling defined activity within specific cells, according to I-Han Chou, senior editor at the journal \"Nature\".\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you imagine the brain as this city, up until now we have been looking at it as if from space,\" Chou\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/what-is-optogenetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told the\u003c/a> World Economic Forum site. \"We haven't had the tools to do anything beyond seeing what the whole city block is doing. What you actually want to know is what the individual components of the city are, what the people are doing, and what's the information being transported from one part of the city to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique could transform how neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease are treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When things go wrong with the brain it is just so devastating. One of the hopes for optogenetics is that if it can work in humans, it might be used as a tool for restoring brain function,\" Chou added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump Administration To Shut Down Guidelines Bank for Doctors",
"title": "Trump Administration To Shut Down Guidelines Bank for Doctors",
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"content": "\u003cp>Diagnostic and treatment guidelines aren’t sexy, but they play a vital role in the practice of medicine. Physician societies, government agencies, and others issue detailed recommendations for everything from who should receive cardiac stents to which antibiotics patients should get to avoid infections after knee surgery.[contextly_sidebar id=\"OZslp8wClgKtjgZF05JxjMNXhSPssdaO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These documents are essential for the provision of evidence-based care, as opposed to seat-of-the-pants treatment that might be expedient or lucrative for doctors but less than ideal for patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, the most rigorous of those guidelines have been available for doctors to peruse in a single location: the government’s Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC). NGC also takes the time to summarize the more than 4,000 guidelines it maintains, an indispensible service for the physicians who come to the site seeking information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a niche site, but the NGC draws an average of 200,000 visitors per month, according to AHRQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After roughly a decade of budget cuts, however, AHRQ has defunded the repository, effective July 16. While the recommendations will still exist elsewhere after that date, anyone hoping to find out, say, how best to treat a teenager with asthma, or who should have a particular test, will have to work harder to locate the most current guidance. The NGC itself will disappear.[contextly_sidebar id=\"9HkdwjjGHZqkrMUudb7y4ILOnDncrFEI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Killing these resources to save a few hundred thousand dollars per year is a penny-wise, pound-foolish decision, and your health and mine will be poorer for it,” said Dr. Kenny Lin, a family physician in Washington, D.C., who is also on the faculty at Georgetown University’s medical school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, similar repositories do exist, but the NGC’s criteria for inclusion were set by the National Academy of Medicine, which established a high bar for rigor that other clearinghouses might lack. In addition to physicians, other users of the NGC include state and local governments, medical schools and other educational institutions, and health care organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An AHRQ spokesperson acknowledged that “some clinicians and others may initially miss the NGC. But in today’s information-rich environment, they’ll have the ability to find guidelines in other places, such as with organizations that develop guidelines. Likewise, information about guidelines’ trustworthiness will be available from peer-reviewed publications and other sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others beg to differ. Dr. Roy Poses, a Brown University professor of medicine and president of the Foundation for Integrity and Responsibility in Medicine, said doctors “will be losing an important resource for research, education and evidence-based practice.” (It’s worth noting that some doctors are not fond of the proliferation of guidelines, which they blame for a culture of cookie-cutter care that’s bereft of art and flexibility — and that exposes them to liability if they happen to deviate from doctrine.)[contextly_sidebar id=\"uP9YVw1C4FCBYcJFLPHxKYEIBCgiiNn1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As lamentable as the loss of the NGC would be for doctors and patients, it’s hardly surprising. Its parent agency has been suffering death by 1,000 cuts for years. Despite a modest bump in its 2018 funding, the AHRQ’s $334 million annual budget is $120 million below its 2010 level, adjusted for inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NGC — whose fiscal year 2017 budget was $1.2 million, down from $2.1 million the year before — didn’t survive the chopping block. “The decision to end support for the NGC was an Agency decision based on assessing how best to use our current resources, including both appropriated dollars and dollars from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund,” the AHRQ spokesperson told STAT. The AHRQ budget for the 2019 fiscal year, as proposed by the Trump administration, “will re-focus support to only the highest priority research programs.” That doesn’t include the NGC — which is operated by ECRI, a health nonprofit — because it is considered a dissemination contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the date of death for the NGG barely a month away, America’s doctors — and their patients — may, to paraphrase another clearinghouse, already be losers. Perhaps some physician group would like to ride in like a white knight and provide the funding to keep the NGC alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AHRQ “is receiving expressions of interest from stakeholders who may wish to carry on NGC’s work,” according to the AHRQ spokesperson. “If the work continues, we may be able to provide more information in the future, such as listing those potential stakeholders and opportunities for the public to comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that comes to pass, that funding, to borrow a phrase from politics, should be put in a lockbox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/06/13/ahrq-practice-guidelines-clearinghouse-shutting-down/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Diagnostic and treatment guidelines aren’t sexy, but they play a vital role in the practice of medicine. Physician societies, government agencies, and others issue detailed recommendations for everything from who should receive cardiac stents to which antibiotics patients should get to avoid infections after knee surgery.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These documents are essential for the provision of evidence-based care, as opposed to seat-of-the-pants treatment that might be expedient or lucrative for doctors but less than ideal for patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until now, the most rigorous of those guidelines have been available for doctors to peruse in a single location: the government’s Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s National Guidelines Clearinghouse (NGC). NGC also takes the time to summarize the more than 4,000 guidelines it maintains, an indispensible service for the physicians who come to the site seeking information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a niche site, but the NGC draws an average of 200,000 visitors per month, according to AHRQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After roughly a decade of budget cuts, however, AHRQ has defunded the repository, effective July 16. While the recommendations will still exist elsewhere after that date, anyone hoping to find out, say, how best to treat a teenager with asthma, or who should have a particular test, will have to work harder to locate the most current guidance. The NGC itself will disappear.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Killing these resources to save a few hundred thousand dollars per year is a penny-wise, pound-foolish decision, and your health and mine will be poorer for it,” said Dr. Kenny Lin, a family physician in Washington, D.C., who is also on the faculty at Georgetown University’s medical school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, similar repositories do exist, but the NGC’s criteria for inclusion were set by the National Academy of Medicine, which established a high bar for rigor that other clearinghouses might lack. In addition to physicians, other users of the NGC include state and local governments, medical schools and other educational institutions, and health care organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An AHRQ spokesperson acknowledged that “some clinicians and others may initially miss the NGC. But in today’s information-rich environment, they’ll have the ability to find guidelines in other places, such as with organizations that develop guidelines. Likewise, information about guidelines’ trustworthiness will be available from peer-reviewed publications and other sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others beg to differ. Dr. Roy Poses, a Brown University professor of medicine and president of the Foundation for Integrity and Responsibility in Medicine, said doctors “will be losing an important resource for research, education and evidence-based practice.” (It’s worth noting that some doctors are not fond of the proliferation of guidelines, which they blame for a culture of cookie-cutter care that’s bereft of art and flexibility — and that exposes them to liability if they happen to deviate from doctrine.)\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As lamentable as the loss of the NGC would be for doctors and patients, it’s hardly surprising. Its parent agency has been suffering death by 1,000 cuts for years. Despite a modest bump in its 2018 funding, the AHRQ’s $334 million annual budget is $120 million below its 2010 level, adjusted for inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NGC — whose fiscal year 2017 budget was $1.2 million, down from $2.1 million the year before — didn’t survive the chopping block. “The decision to end support for the NGC was an Agency decision based on assessing how best to use our current resources, including both appropriated dollars and dollars from the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Trust Fund,” the AHRQ spokesperson told STAT. The AHRQ budget for the 2019 fiscal year, as proposed by the Trump administration, “will re-focus support to only the highest priority research programs.” That doesn’t include the NGC — which is operated by ECRI, a health nonprofit — because it is considered a dissemination contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the date of death for the NGG barely a month away, America’s doctors — and their patients — may, to paraphrase another clearinghouse, already be losers. Perhaps some physician group would like to ride in like a white knight and provide the funding to keep the NGC alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AHRQ “is receiving expressions of interest from stakeholders who may wish to carry on NGC’s work,” according to the AHRQ spokesperson. “If the work continues, we may be able to provide more information in the future, such as listing those potential stakeholders and opportunities for the public to comment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that comes to pass, that funding, to borrow a phrase from politics, should be put in a lockbox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/06/13/ahrq-practice-guidelines-clearinghouse-shutting-down/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "1 in 3 Adults In The U.S. Take Medications That Can Cause Depression",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you take Prilosec or Zantac for acid reflux, a beta blocker for high blood pressure, or Xanax for anxiety, you may be increasing your risk of depression.[contextly_sidebar id=\"HRiIrZXZvpwyxRdxPe5gDW5vYKh4YCMU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 200 common medications sold in the U.S. include depression as a potential side effect. Sometimes, the risk stems from taking several drugs at the same time. Now, a new study finds people who take these medicines are, in fact, more likely to be depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list includes a wide range of commonly taken medications. Among them are certain types of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (used to treat acid reflux), beta blockers, anxiety drugs, painkillers including ibuprofen, ACE inhibitors (used to treat high blood pressure), and anti-convulsant drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The more of these medications you're taking, the more likely you are to report depression,\" says study author \u003ca href=\"https://www.columbiapsychiatry.org/profile/mark-olfson-md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Olfson\u003c/a>, a professor of psychiatry at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2684607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The study, which was published Tuesday\u003c/a> in the Journal of the American Medical Association, included 26,192 adults who participated in a federal survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All of the participants listed the medications they were taking at the time of the survey. In addition, they each completed a depression screening, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which asks about sleep, mood and appetite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a third of the people who took the survey were taking medications known to have depression or suicidal thoughts as potential side effects. Olfson and his collaborators wanted to determine whether those participants were more or less likely to be depressed, compared to participants who didn't take any of these medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found is that, in fact, they're more likely,\" Olfson says. And they found that people who took three or more of the medications were three times as likely to be depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 percent of participants who simultaneously used three or more of these drugs were depressed. By comparison, among participants who didn't use any of the medications, just 5 percent were depressed. Even those who used just one of these medications were at slightly higher risk of depression: About 7 percent were depressed.[contextly_sidebar id=\"A2lw5SZLyDBTWtThuZRlIcKINySG188T\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olfson says the study does not prove that the medications caused the depression. \"We're just showing that if you're already taking them, you are more likely to be depressed,\" he says. To determine causation, he says, researchers would need to follow people over time — beginning at the time they start taking the medications — to see if they're more likely to develop depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Olfson says, he was surprised by the \"strength of the association between the number of medications and the likelihood of being depressed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings may motivate people to ask their health care providers more questions. \"People should always be ready to ask, 'What are the risks and the benefits of me taking this medication?' \" says\u003ca href=\"https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/ncal/provider/donaldmordecai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Don Mordecai\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist with Kaiser Permanente in San Jose, Calif. And he says doctors should be ready to have these conversations, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordecai says, if you start a new medicine it can be helpful to keep track of changes in how you feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People who don't have a history of depression and then, suddenly, start to have symptoms of depression should be concerned that it's potentially due to a side effect, or potentially, an interaction,\" Mordecai says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also worth having a conversation with your doctor about whether you might be able to stop a medication, Mordecai says. For instance, it may be possible to go off — or reduce — a medication for high blood pressure if you make other changes \"such as changing your diet, limiting salt intake, or increasing exercise.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"OVhdpjJFS6xtrzD3u8zENreJMFo4hrXo\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use of medications with depression or suicidal thoughts as potential side effects has been on the rise, according to the study's lead author, \u003ca href=\"https://pharmacy.uic.edu/people-resources/directory/dimaqato\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dima Mazen Qato\u003c/a>, an assistant professor at the College of Pharmacy of the University of Illinois, Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are not only increasingly using these medicines alone, but are increasingly using them simultaneously, yet very few of these drugs have warning labels, so until we have public or system-level solutions, it is left up to patients and health care professionals to be aware of the risks,\" Qato wrote in a release about the study findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Qato says physicians may want to consider including evaluations of medications when they screen for depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With depression as one of the leading causes of disability and increasing national suicide rates, we need to think innovatively about depression as a public health issue,\" Qato writes. She suggests that one strategy to reduce depression rates might be for health care providers to give more thought to the role these medications might play in depression risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Allison Aubrey is on Twitter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AubreyNPRFood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>@AubreyNPRFood\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=1+in+3+Adults+In+The+U.S.+Take+Medications+That+Can+Cause+Depression&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you take Prilosec or Zantac for acid reflux, a beta blocker for high blood pressure, or Xanax for anxiety, you may be increasing your risk of depression.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 200 common medications sold in the U.S. include depression as a potential side effect. Sometimes, the risk stems from taking several drugs at the same time. Now, a new study finds people who take these medicines are, in fact, more likely to be depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The list includes a wide range of commonly taken medications. Among them are certain types of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) (used to treat acid reflux), beta blockers, anxiety drugs, painkillers including ibuprofen, ACE inhibitors (used to treat high blood pressure), and anti-convulsant drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The more of these medications you're taking, the more likely you are to report depression,\" says study author \u003ca href=\"https://www.columbiapsychiatry.org/profile/mark-olfson-md\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mark Olfson\u003c/a>, a professor of psychiatry at Columbia University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2684607\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The study, which was published Tuesday\u003c/a> in the Journal of the American Medical Association, included 26,192 adults who participated in a federal survey, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. All of the participants listed the medications they were taking at the time of the survey. In addition, they each completed a depression screening, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), which asks about sleep, mood and appetite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a third of the people who took the survey were taking medications known to have depression or suicidal thoughts as potential side effects. Olfson and his collaborators wanted to determine whether those participants were more or less likely to be depressed, compared to participants who didn't take any of these medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we found is that, in fact, they're more likely,\" Olfson says. And they found that people who took three or more of the medications were three times as likely to be depressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 15 percent of participants who simultaneously used three or more of these drugs were depressed. By comparison, among participants who didn't use any of the medications, just 5 percent were depressed. Even those who used just one of these medications were at slightly higher risk of depression: About 7 percent were depressed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olfson says the study does not prove that the medications caused the depression. \"We're just showing that if you're already taking them, you are more likely to be depressed,\" he says. To determine causation, he says, researchers would need to follow people over time — beginning at the time they start taking the medications — to see if they're more likely to develop depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, Olfson says, he was surprised by the \"strength of the association between the number of medications and the likelihood of being depressed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These findings may motivate people to ask their health care providers more questions. \"People should always be ready to ask, 'What are the risks and the benefits of me taking this medication?' \" says\u003ca href=\"https://mydoctor.kaiserpermanente.org/ncal/provider/donaldmordecai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Don Mordecai\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist with Kaiser Permanente in San Jose, Calif. And he says doctors should be ready to have these conversations, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mordecai says, if you start a new medicine it can be helpful to keep track of changes in how you feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People who don't have a history of depression and then, suddenly, start to have symptoms of depression should be concerned that it's potentially due to a side effect, or potentially, an interaction,\" Mordecai says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also worth having a conversation with your doctor about whether you might be able to stop a medication, Mordecai says. For instance, it may be possible to go off — or reduce — a medication for high blood pressure if you make other changes \"such as changing your diet, limiting salt intake, or increasing exercise.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Use of medications with depression or suicidal thoughts as potential side effects has been on the rise, according to the study's lead author, \u003ca href=\"https://pharmacy.uic.edu/people-resources/directory/dimaqato\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dima Mazen Qato\u003c/a>, an assistant professor at the College of Pharmacy of the University of Illinois, Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are not only increasingly using these medicines alone, but are increasingly using them simultaneously, yet very few of these drugs have warning labels, so until we have public or system-level solutions, it is left up to patients and health care professionals to be aware of the risks,\" Qato wrote in a release about the study findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Qato says physicians may want to consider including evaluations of medications when they screen for depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With depression as one of the leading causes of disability and increasing national suicide rates, we need to think innovatively about depression as a public health issue,\" Qato writes. She suggests that one strategy to reduce depression rates might be for health care providers to give more thought to the role these medications might play in depression risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Allison Aubrey is on Twitter \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AubreyNPRFood\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>@AubreyNPRFood\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=1+in+3+Adults+In+The+U.S.+Take+Medications+That+Can+Cause+Depression&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Simple Saliva Test Could Identify Men at Greatest Risk of Prostate Cancer",
"title": "Simple Saliva Test Could Identify Men at Greatest Risk of Prostate Cancer",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>A team of scientists at London's\u003ca href=\"https://www.icr.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Institute of Cancer Research\u003c/a> have developed a \"spit test\" that can be used to identify men most likely to develop prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death in U.S. men.[contextly_sidebar id=\"KO4wdzhP8pt1tRs02KEaCVL4V511U4Nk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1 in 9 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/about/key-statistics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Cancer Society. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0142-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published \u003c/a>Monday in the journal Nature Genetics, identified the 1 percent of men with the highest genetic risk for prostate cancer. This group is nearly six times more likely to develop prostate cancer than the general population, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/iocr-pcd060818.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the study.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers, funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, utilized a new DNA analysis method to study the genes of more than 70,000 people. They looked at 150 DNA markers and found that the top 10 percent of men at highest risk for prostate cancer were found to nearly three times the risk of developing the disease. From Gizmodo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Some 45,000 of the subjects had already developed prostate cancer, while 25,000 hadn’t. So the researchers compared the two groups, singling out any inherited genetic variations that might have contributed to their cancer risk.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the study said that researchers discovered 63 new variants that have previously not been associated with prostate cancer. Rosalind Eeles, a geneticist and co-author of the study, said those men found to be at greater genetic risk can receive proper screenings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we are particularly excited by the test is that this can be offered in general practice as a spit test to really try and identify who is most at risk of prostate cancer so we can offer them targeted screening,” Eeles \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jun/11/trials-begin-of-a-saliva-test-for-prostate-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told T\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jun/11/trials-begin-of-a-saliva-test-for-prostate-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Guardian.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most men diagnosed with the disease do not die from it, according to the American Cancer Society. Risk factors include family history, advanced age, and those of African descent.[contextly_sidebar id=\"go4zed6vsFCKAoaAAycufIdrqinev6En\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 6 in 10 cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed in men aged 65 or older. From Gizmodo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In the US, people over the age of 50 are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/early-detection/acs-recommendations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">generally screened\u003c/a> for prostate cancer via the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test...But the saliva test could reveal especially high-risk people who need annual screening regardless of their PSA level.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv id=\"dfp-ad--inline2\" class=\"js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline ad-slot--offset-right ad-slot--inline2 ad-slot--rendered\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-slot__label\">\n\u003cp>Researchers\u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/iocr-pcd060818.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> now plan a trial\u003c/a> run of the new test at a limited number of clinics to help devise treatments that could reduce cases of prostate cancer among this high-risk group.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\"We are on the cusp of moving from theory to practice -- from explaining how genetics affect prostate cancer risk, to testing for genetic risk and attempting to prevent the disease,\" Paul Workman, chief executive at The Institute of Cancer Research, said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/iocr-pcd060818.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>. \"This study also gives us important information about the causes of prostate cancer and the potential role of the immune system, which could ultimately be employed in the design of new treatments.\"\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"dfp-ad--inline2\" class=\"js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline ad-slot--offset-right ad-slot--inline2 ad-slot--rendered\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"google_ads_iframe_/59666047/theguardian.com/science/article/ng_7__container__\" class=\"ad-slot__content\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A team of scientists at London's\u003ca href=\"https://www.icr.ac.uk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Institute of Cancer Research\u003c/a> have developed a \"spit test\" that can be used to identify men most likely to develop prostate cancer, the second leading cause of cancer death in U.S. men.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 1 in 9 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/about/key-statistics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Cancer Society. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0142-8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published \u003c/a>Monday in the journal Nature Genetics, identified the 1 percent of men with the highest genetic risk for prostate cancer. This group is nearly six times more likely to develop prostate cancer than the general population, according to\u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/iocr-pcd060818.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> the study.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers, funded in part by the National Institutes of Health, utilized a new DNA analysis method to study the genes of more than 70,000 people. They looked at 150 DNA markers and found that the top 10 percent of men at highest risk for prostate cancer were found to nearly three times the risk of developing the disease. From Gizmodo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Some 45,000 of the subjects had already developed prostate cancer, while 25,000 hadn’t. So the researchers compared the two groups, singling out any inherited genetic variations that might have contributed to their cancer risk.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Based on this data, the study said that researchers discovered 63 new variants that have previously not been associated with prostate cancer. Rosalind Eeles, a geneticist and co-author of the study, said those men found to be at greater genetic risk can receive proper screenings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we are particularly excited by the test is that this can be offered in general practice as a spit test to really try and identify who is most at risk of prostate cancer so we can offer them targeted screening,” Eeles \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jun/11/trials-begin-of-a-saliva-test-for-prostate-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told T\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/jun/11/trials-begin-of-a-saliva-test-for-prostate-cancer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he Guardian.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most men diagnosed with the disease do not die from it, according to the American Cancer Society. Risk factors include family history, advanced age, and those of African descent.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 6 in 10 cases of prostate cancer are diagnosed in men aged 65 or older. From Gizmodo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In the US, people over the age of 50 are \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/early-detection/acs-recommendations.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">generally screened\u003c/a> for prostate cancer via the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) blood test...But the saliva test could reveal especially high-risk people who need annual screening regardless of their PSA level.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv id=\"dfp-ad--inline2\" class=\"js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline ad-slot--offset-right ad-slot--inline2 ad-slot--rendered\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"ad-slot__label\">\n\u003cp>Researchers\u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/iocr-pcd060818.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> now plan a trial\u003c/a> run of the new test at a limited number of clinics to help devise treatments that could reduce cases of prostate cancer among this high-risk group.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\"We are on the cusp of moving from theory to practice -- from explaining how genetics affect prostate cancer risk, to testing for genetic risk and attempting to prevent the disease,\" Paul Workman, chief executive at The Institute of Cancer Research, said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/iocr-pcd060818.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a>. \"This study also gives us important information about the causes of prostate cancer and the potential role of the immune system, which could ultimately be employed in the design of new treatments.\"\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv id=\"dfp-ad--inline2\" class=\"js-ad-slot ad-slot ad-slot--inline ad-slot--offset-right ad-slot--inline2 ad-slot--rendered\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"google_ads_iframe_/59666047/theguardian.com/science/article/ng_7__container__\" class=\"ad-slot__content\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two new blood tests promise pregnant women an easier, more affordable way of predicting their risk for an premature delivery. The blood tests, developed by\u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC San Francisco\u003c/a>, look for specific biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream.[contextly_sidebar id=\"A9EcAExSSebnSiay0So2km8e4YnmN7OM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preterm delivery, which occurs when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy, is the leading cause of death for children under 5 in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford-led study\u003c/a>, predicts the risk of preterm birth using fetal RNA found in the mother's blood, while the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF study\u003c/a> focuses on inflammation markers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations, according to \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/laura.jelliffe-pawlowski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski\u003c/a>, co-author of the UCSF study and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://pretermbirth.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF California Preterm Birth Initiative\u003c/a>. The costly test screens only for spontaneous preterm births. About three quarters of preterm births occur spontaneously while 25 percent are induced due to medical complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need.’\u003ccite>Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski, UCSF \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for practitioners like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfhealth.org/juan.gonzalez-velez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Juan Gonzalez\u003c/a>, a perinatologist at UCSF Medical Center, knowing whether a pregnancy is high-risk is not all that helpful without being able to adequately treat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A patient can have a positive result but we need to know which intervention is the right intervention. This is a great finding but now we need those next steps, which are studies that focus on interventions. That's the part we don’t really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/butler-tobah-yvonne-s-m-d/bio-20113896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Yvonne Butler Tobah\u003c/a>, a Mayo obstetrician, called the developments \"groundbreaking\" but warned that further research is required before it can be instituted clinically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Causes of Preterm Birth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The causes of pre-term birth are not well understood, but doctors look for certain traits associated with the risk, according to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we know things like hypertension and diabetes are associated with preterm birth,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"And also the kinds of things that the test picks up, like inflammation, is associated with preterm birth.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"CpQ3Oc4MfPMthrebKJEmSP9wVqLfobiI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study also looked at income and age of the pregnant women, two factors that exert an independent influence on bodily inflammation and placenta function, according to Jelliffe-Pawlowski. Mothers over the age of 34 are found to be at higher risk of inflammation levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An underlying infection, exposure to environmental toxins, stress, or chronic ailments like diabetes, can all trigger an inflammatory response in pregnant women, a condition that has potential to induce an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A subset of women who test positive for preterm risk have a severe pregnancy complication called preeclampsia. The potentially fatal condition is characterized by high blood pressure and organ failure in the mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Treatments are Limited\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current medical treatments are typically limited to cases of preeclampsia, and involve taking aspirin, which Jelliffe-Pawlowski says reduces the occurrence of preeclampsia by up to 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For women with a prior history of preterm delivery, there is a progesterone supplement that is currently offered to decrease the risk, according to Tobah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prior preterm birth confers about a two fold increased risk,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outside of this limited category of high-risk pregnancies, there isn't much doctors can recommend in the way of decreasing preterm risk -- outside of bed rest, according to Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And preeclampsia comprises just 15 percent of all preterm births, making preventative care for the great majority of preterm cases all the more urgent, says Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before doctors start running these tests, we really need to know what are we going to tell these women besides, 'You’re at risk,'\" he says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"FTcRs64SRm7xpizZAGK2uc0iQv1HNynr\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the researchers involved in both studies, affordability and accessibility played an important role in the tests' development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the current available treatments are not great, I do think they have some effect,\" says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/mads-melbye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mads Melbye\u003c/a>, a professor in medical epidemiology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. \"For instance, if you know a woman is likely to deliver a preterm baby, you would likely refer her to a specialized hospital. And certainly the knowledge alone is important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelliffe-Pawlowski, helping pregnant women in disadvantaged communities was a huge motivator for developing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we hear from women in the community, particularly black and Latina women, is what's really important to them, is knowing their risk,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"It's not necessary that we fix it, but there's an opportunity to communicate risk with women so they can be taken care of appropriately.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Melbye says accurate tests are important, since inaccurate estimates can lead to unnecessary treatments such as the induction of labor or Cesarean sections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through RNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford-led study, published last week in the journal Science, measured cell-free fetal RNA in the mothers' bloodstream to determine the due date and preterm risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared the blood results of women who had healthy pregnancies with those found to be at high risk for preterm delivery. They accurately predicted six of eight preterm cases and wrongly classified only one of 26 full-term cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Stanford test is a pilot study based on a limited number of women.[contextly_sidebar id=\"RsEfYdBoZW1b667qNhE5ZxykfR7kWICL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The next step will be to apply the findings to large clinical trials,\" says Melbye. \"The study is just the first in a series of studies that allows us to look at the different outcomes of pregnancy. The hope is that it will lead to healthier and safer pregnancies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through Inflammation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test focused on 63 biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream related to inflammation and placenta function. From there, researchers narrowed the test down to 25 biomarkers that together help to predict the chances of an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the May issue of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\">\u003ci>Journal of Perinatology\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, is more than 80 percent accurate in predicting preterm births in women who are between 15 and 20 weeks pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases of high risk pregnancies, the test was nearly 90 percent accurate.[contextly_sidebar id=\"7E5bGDPvRlmxjV4ypvKH5ngagVo4ise4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test, which took five years to develop, is based on ten years of research by Jelliffe-Pawlowski's team. Researchers took blood samples from 400 women during their second trimester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope their blood tests will lead to better preventative treatments for women found to be at high risk of preterm birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two new blood tests promise pregnant women an easier, more affordable way of predicting their risk for an premature delivery. The blood tests, developed by\u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC San Francisco\u003c/a>, look for specific biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preterm delivery, which occurs when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy, is the leading cause of death for children under 5 in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford-led study\u003c/a>, predicts the risk of preterm birth using fetal RNA found in the mother's blood, while the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF study\u003c/a> focuses on inflammation markers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations, according to \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/laura.jelliffe-pawlowski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski\u003c/a>, co-author of the UCSF study and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://pretermbirth.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF California Preterm Birth Initiative\u003c/a>. The costly test screens only for spontaneous preterm births. About three quarters of preterm births occur spontaneously while 25 percent are induced due to medical complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need.’\u003ccite>Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski, UCSF \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for practitioners like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfhealth.org/juan.gonzalez-velez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Juan Gonzalez\u003c/a>, a perinatologist at UCSF Medical Center, knowing whether a pregnancy is high-risk is not all that helpful without being able to adequately treat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A patient can have a positive result but we need to know which intervention is the right intervention. This is a great finding but now we need those next steps, which are studies that focus on interventions. That's the part we don’t really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/butler-tobah-yvonne-s-m-d/bio-20113896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Yvonne Butler Tobah\u003c/a>, a Mayo obstetrician, called the developments \"groundbreaking\" but warned that further research is required before it can be instituted clinically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Causes of Preterm Birth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The causes of pre-term birth are not well understood, but doctors look for certain traits associated with the risk, according to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we know things like hypertension and diabetes are associated with preterm birth,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"And also the kinds of things that the test picks up, like inflammation, is associated with preterm birth.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study also looked at income and age of the pregnant women, two factors that exert an independent influence on bodily inflammation and placenta function, according to Jelliffe-Pawlowski. Mothers over the age of 34 are found to be at higher risk of inflammation levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An underlying infection, exposure to environmental toxins, stress, or chronic ailments like diabetes, can all trigger an inflammatory response in pregnant women, a condition that has potential to induce an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A subset of women who test positive for preterm risk have a severe pregnancy complication called preeclampsia. The potentially fatal condition is characterized by high blood pressure and organ failure in the mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Treatments are Limited\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current medical treatments are typically limited to cases of preeclampsia, and involve taking aspirin, which Jelliffe-Pawlowski says reduces the occurrence of preeclampsia by up to 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For women with a prior history of preterm delivery, there is a progesterone supplement that is currently offered to decrease the risk, according to Tobah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prior preterm birth confers about a two fold increased risk,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outside of this limited category of high-risk pregnancies, there isn't much doctors can recommend in the way of decreasing preterm risk -- outside of bed rest, according to Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And preeclampsia comprises just 15 percent of all preterm births, making preventative care for the great majority of preterm cases all the more urgent, says Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before doctors start running these tests, we really need to know what are we going to tell these women besides, 'You’re at risk,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the researchers involved in both studies, affordability and accessibility played an important role in the tests' development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the current available treatments are not great, I do think they have some effect,\" says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/mads-melbye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mads Melbye\u003c/a>, a professor in medical epidemiology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. \"For instance, if you know a woman is likely to deliver a preterm baby, you would likely refer her to a specialized hospital. And certainly the knowledge alone is important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelliffe-Pawlowski, helping pregnant women in disadvantaged communities was a huge motivator for developing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we hear from women in the community, particularly black and Latina women, is what's really important to them, is knowing their risk,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"It's not necessary that we fix it, but there's an opportunity to communicate risk with women so they can be taken care of appropriately.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Melbye says accurate tests are important, since inaccurate estimates can lead to unnecessary treatments such as the induction of labor or Cesarean sections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through RNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford-led study, published last week in the journal Science, measured cell-free fetal RNA in the mothers' bloodstream to determine the due date and preterm risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared the blood results of women who had healthy pregnancies with those found to be at high risk for preterm delivery. They accurately predicted six of eight preterm cases and wrongly classified only one of 26 full-term cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Stanford test is a pilot study based on a limited number of women.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The next step will be to apply the findings to large clinical trials,\" says Melbye. \"The study is just the first in a series of studies that allows us to look at the different outcomes of pregnancy. The hope is that it will lead to healthier and safer pregnancies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through Inflammation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test focused on 63 biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream related to inflammation and placenta function. From there, researchers narrowed the test down to 25 biomarkers that together help to predict the chances of an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the May issue of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\">\u003ci>Journal of Perinatology\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, is more than 80 percent accurate in predicting preterm births in women who are between 15 and 20 weeks pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases of high risk pregnancies, the test was nearly 90 percent accurate.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test, which took five years to develop, is based on ten years of research by Jelliffe-Pawlowski's team. Researchers took blood samples from 400 women during their second trimester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope their blood tests will lead to better preventative treatments for women found to be at high risk of preterm birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Will San Francisco's Ban on Flavored Tobacco Spark a National Trend?",
"title": "Will San Francisco's Ban on Flavored Tobacco Spark a National Trend?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Despite a multimillion dollar campaign by tobacco giant R.J. Reynolds, San Francisco will soon implement the most comprehensive restrictions on e-cigarettes in the country. The move is already sparking other cities to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What California does, almost always spreads not only across the country, but globally.'\u003ccite>Matt Myers, Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This week's vote on San Francisco's Proposition E was expected to be close, but the measure is passing with nearly 70 percent of the vote. That's an insurmountable lead even though mail-in ballots are still being counted. The ban includes all flavored tobacco products from vaping liquids to menthol cigarettes to flavored hookah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, I probably would have voted for it too,\" said Brian Richardson a resident of Los Angeles who owns a Bay Area vaping store. \"As much as I like to sell vape liquids at my store in San Francisco, I agree some type of regulation is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law goes into effect 10 days after the election is certified, which will likely be sometime in July. If a San Francisco store violates the ban, it could result in the suspension of their tobacco sales permit or further penalties as defined under the city's \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3027568&GUID=254D4A3A-859F-4995-AF06-3B57291332E2&Options=ID\">health code\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing Momentum in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same week voters passed San Francisco's ban, the Board of Supervisors in San Mateo County unanimously passed a similar comprehensive ban that will also remove traditional tobacco products from pharmacies. Supervisor Carole Groom says the measure is about prevention, especially among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every day, 2,500 kids try their first cigarette and that's what we're trying to stop,\" said Groom. \"Eighty-one percent of the youth in a recent survey told us that their first cigarette was flavored. That's the kind of thing we're trying to stop with this ordinance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other communities like Oakland, El Cerrito and Palo Alto have \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/US-Sales-Restrictions-Flavored-Tobacco-Products-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar bans\u003c/a> pending, though none are as comprehensive as the ones in San Francisco and San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials like Groom say local initiatives are necessary because there is very little regulation of e-products at the federal level, even though use is increasing. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_SGR_Exec_Summ_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Surgeon General cited a 900 percent increase in the use of e-cigarettes by high school students from 2011 to 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-442462 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Richardson vaping on a walk just north of Big Sur, California \u003ccite>(Andrea Cardenas Kline)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brian Richardson owns the Vapor Den, a hip, Lower Haight-neighborhood vape shop with low lighting, leather couches and row after row of top-shelf vape liquids. He says he opened his doors in 2012 to help smokers quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We used to act as a center to essentially educate people on the alternatives to smoking,\" said Richardson, who smoked a pack a day for 25 years. \"My customers used to be people trying to kick the habit. But over the years the demographic kept getting younger. Now people in their 20s are just looking for the latest and greatest devices with new flavors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Manipulative Marketing Ploys to Attract Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Richardson started vaping in 2009, there were only two flavors on the market; menthol and tobacco. Now there's more than 7,000, like cotton candy, apple crumb and watermelon, which are often packaged in brightly colored bottles with clowns and cartoon characters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Regulation is necessary today because of the abuse and marketing ploys some of these companies are using to attract kids who may have never smoked a cigarette in their life,\" said Richardson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his best selling products are made by \u003ca href=\"https://www.juul.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juul\u003c/a>, which makes liquids with significantly higher amounts of nicotine and which Richardson calls the most abusive company in the business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You take a couple of puffs and you actually feel like you're kind of high,\" said Richardson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440488\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-440488\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colorful nicotine-filled pods, pictured on the right, are inserted into the Juul e-cigarette, which educators say looks deceptively like a flash drive, making it harder to identify. \u003ccite>(Juul Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says that even though San Francisco's ban will likely crush sales at the Vapor Den, he plans to stay open. He thinks customers will buy their vaping liquids online but visit his shop when seeking advice on a device or to stock up on batteries and coil replacements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many other small shop owners are terrified about the aftermath of the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prop E is going to have a huge impact on businesses like mine,\" said Miriam Zouzounis, a board member of the Arab American Grocers Association, which represents over 400 businesses in San Francisco. \"I fear that many small businesses will close in the wake of its passage.\" She said the law would disproportionately affect Arab, Sikh and Asian store owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expensive Fight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company spent nearly $13 million blanketing the city in advertisements to stop the ban. The company sells the nation’s best-selling menthol cigarette and popular vaping products called Vuse. Jacob McConnico a spokesperson for R.J. Reynolds, called the vote a setback for tobacco harm-reduction efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"History has shown regulations that go to extremes to limit consumer choice result in unintended consequences, including criminal activity,\" McConico wrote in an email. He did not respond when asked whether the company planned to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tobacco industry sued in both New York and Providence, Rhode Island, when those cities passed limited bans on flavored tobacco products, but the industry lost in both cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tobacco Industry Pushes Back\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors unanimously approved \u003ca class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http://sfelections.sfgov.org/sites/default/files/Documents/candidates/Legal_Text_Repeal_of_Flavored_Tobacco_Products_Ban.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the ban\u003c/a> last year. It was scheduled to go into effect last April, but then an opposition campaign raised enough signatures to put a referendum on the ballot, which is why the measure was put before voters on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fight in favor of the ban was primarily funded by a personal $1.8 million donation from Michael R. Bloomberg, the former mayor of New York City. The American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association and Tobacco-Free Kids Action Fund contributed a combined total of $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Advocates Predict a Domino Effect\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Myers, the president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids\u003c/a>, one of the primary advocacy organizations behind the San Francisco ban, predicts this is just the first of many bans across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California repeatedly has been the leader on innovation on tobacco control,\" said Myers. \"And what California does almost always spreads not only across the country, but globally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco especially has a history of taking on Big Tobacco. In 1983, the city passed a \u003ca href=\"https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft167nb0vq&chunk.id=d0e845&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e447&brand=ucpress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">workplace smoking restriction\u003c/a>. Several tobacco companies tried to stop the ordinance by forcing a referendum. But their expensive campaigning efforts failed, as voters upheld the restrictions. The industry lost many similar fights across the country as communities successfully removed smoking from offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"San Francisco's ban is really going to be a trendsetter for all over the country,\" said Stanton Glantz, who heads the \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/\">Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education\u003c/a> at UC San Francisco. \"I just came back from an international meeting in South Africa and people were talking about the San Francisco ordinance.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "San Francisco has a history of pushing back against Big Tobacco. Will the rest of the country replicate its latest salvo? ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite a multimillion dollar campaign by tobacco giant R.J. Reynolds, San Francisco will soon implement the most comprehensive restrictions on e-cigarettes in the country. The move is already sparking other cities to follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'What California does, almost always spreads not only across the country, but globally.'\u003ccite>Matt Myers, Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This week's vote on San Francisco's Proposition E was expected to be close, but the measure is passing with nearly 70 percent of the vote. That's an insurmountable lead even though mail-in ballots are still being counted. The ban includes all flavored tobacco products from vaping liquids to menthol cigarettes to flavored hookah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, I probably would have voted for it too,\" said Brian Richardson a resident of Los Angeles who owns a Bay Area vaping store. \"As much as I like to sell vape liquids at my store in San Francisco, I agree some type of regulation is necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law goes into effect 10 days after the election is certified, which will likely be sometime in July. If a San Francisco store violates the ban, it could result in the suspension of their tobacco sales permit or further penalties as defined under the city's \u003ca href=\"https://sfgov.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=3027568&GUID=254D4A3A-859F-4995-AF06-3B57291332E2&Options=ID\">health code\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing Momentum in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same week voters passed San Francisco's ban, the Board of Supervisors in San Mateo County unanimously passed a similar comprehensive ban that will also remove traditional tobacco products from pharmacies. Supervisor Carole Groom says the measure is about prevention, especially among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every day, 2,500 kids try their first cigarette and that's what we're trying to stop,\" said Groom. \"Eighty-one percent of the youth in a recent survey told us that their first cigarette was flavored. That's the kind of thing we're trying to stop with this ordinance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other communities like Oakland, El Cerrito and Palo Alto have \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealthlawcenter.org/sites/default/files/resources/US-Sales-Restrictions-Flavored-Tobacco-Products-2017.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar bans\u003c/a> pending, though none are as comprehensive as the ones in San Francisco and San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City officials like Groom say local initiatives are necessary because there is very little regulation of e-products at the federal level, even though use is increasing. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://e-cigarettes.surgeongeneral.gov/documents/2016_SGR_Exec_Summ_508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from the U.S. Surgeon General cited a 900 percent increase in the use of e-cigarettes by high school students from 2011 to 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442462\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-442462 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image000000.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Richardson vaping on a walk just north of Big Sur, California \u003ccite>(Andrea Cardenas Kline)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Brian Richardson owns the Vapor Den, a hip, Lower Haight-neighborhood vape shop with low lighting, leather couches and row after row of top-shelf vape liquids. He says he opened his doors in 2012 to help smokers quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We used to act as a center to essentially educate people on the alternatives to smoking,\" said Richardson, who smoked a pack a day for 25 years. \"My customers used to be people trying to kick the habit. But over the years the demographic kept getting younger. Now people in their 20s are just looking for the latest and greatest devices with new flavors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Manipulative Marketing Ploys to Attract Kids\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Richardson started vaping in 2009, there were only two flavors on the market; menthol and tobacco. Now there's more than 7,000, like cotton candy, apple crumb and watermelon, which are often packaged in brightly colored bottles with clowns and cartoon characters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Regulation is necessary today because of the abuse and marketing ploys some of these companies are using to attract kids who may have never smoked a cigarette in their life,\" said Richardson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his best selling products are made by \u003ca href=\"https://www.juul.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juul\u003c/a>, which makes liquids with significantly higher amounts of nicotine and which Richardson calls the most abusive company in the business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You take a couple of puffs and you actually feel like you're kind of high,\" said Richardson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440488\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-440488\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350.jpg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Colorful nicotine-filled pods, pictured on the right, are inserted into the Juul e-cigarette, which educators say looks deceptively like a flash drive, making it harder to identify. \u003ccite>(Juul Labs)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He says that even though San Francisco's ban will likely crush sales at the Vapor Den, he plans to stay open. He thinks customers will buy their vaping liquids online but visit his shop when seeking advice on a device or to stock up on batteries and coil replacements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many other small shop owners are terrified about the aftermath of the ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prop E is going to have a huge impact on businesses like mine,\" said Miriam Zouzounis, a board member of the Arab American Grocers Association, which represents over 400 businesses in San Francisco. \"I fear that many small businesses will close in the wake of its passage.\" She said the law would disproportionately affect Arab, Sikh and Asian store owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expensive Fight\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The R.J. Reynolds Tobacco Company spent nearly $13 million blanketing the city in advertisements to stop the ban. The company sells the nation’s best-selling menthol cigarette and popular vaping products called Vuse. Jacob McConnico a spokesperson for R.J. Reynolds, called the vote a setback for tobacco harm-reduction efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"History has shown regulations that go to extremes to limit consumer choice result in unintended consequences, including criminal activity,\" McConico wrote in an email. He did not respond when asked whether the company planned to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tobacco industry sued in both New York and Providence, Rhode Island, when those cities passed limited bans on flavored tobacco products, but the industry lost in both cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tobacco Industry Pushes Back\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors unanimously approved \u003ca class=\"css-1g7m0tk\" title=\"\" href=\"http://sfelections.sfgov.org/sites/default/files/Documents/candidates/Legal_Text_Repeal_of_Flavored_Tobacco_Products_Ban.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the ban\u003c/a> last year. It was scheduled to go into effect last April, but then an opposition campaign raised enough signatures to put a referendum on the ballot, which is why the measure was put before voters on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fight in favor of the ban was primarily funded by a personal $1.8 million donation from Michael R. Bloomberg, the former mayor of New York City. The American Cancer Society, the American Heart Association, the American Lung Association and Tobacco-Free Kids Action Fund contributed a combined total of $500,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Advocates Predict a Domino Effect\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matt Myers, the president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids\u003c/a>, one of the primary advocacy organizations behind the San Francisco ban, predicts this is just the first of many bans across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California repeatedly has been the leader on innovation on tobacco control,\" said Myers. \"And what California does almost always spreads not only across the country, but globally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco especially has a history of taking on Big Tobacco. In 1983, the city passed a \u003ca href=\"https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId=ft167nb0vq&chunk.id=d0e845&toc.depth=1&toc.id=d0e447&brand=ucpress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">workplace smoking restriction\u003c/a>. Several tobacco companies tried to stop the ordinance by forcing a referendum. But their expensive campaigning efforts failed, as voters upheld the restrictions. The industry lost many similar fights across the country as communities successfully removed smoking from offices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"San Francisco's ban is really going to be a trendsetter for all over the country,\" said Stanton Glantz, who heads the \u003ca href=\"https://tobacco.ucsf.edu/\">Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education\u003c/a> at UC San Francisco. \"I just came back from an international meeting in South Africa and people were talking about the San Francisco ordinance.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The deaths of celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain and fashion designer Kate Spade highlight a troubling trend — rising suicides among middle-aged Americans.[contextly_sidebar id=”VRyDwaewBsFbQgWstXuEk6sa8awOu2Ef”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mental health problems, often undiagnosed, are usually involved and experts say knowing warning signs and who is at risk can help stop a crisis from becoming a tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bourdain, 61, and Spade, 55, died three days and a continent apart this week amid a new U.S. report showing an uptick in suicides rates in nearly every state since 1999. Middle-aged adults — ages 45 to 64 — had the largest rate increase, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0607-suicide-prevention.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>Previous studies have suggested economic downturns and the nation’s opioid crisis contributed to the rise in middle-aged suicides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Christine Moutier, a psychiatrist and chief medical officer for the American \u003ca href=\"https://afsp.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foundation\u003c/a> for Suicide Prevention, said Friday it’s important for everyone to know the warning signs and to intervene when family members, friends or co-workers appear troubled. Asking if they’ve had suicidal thoughts is not harmful and lets them know you care, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behavior that may indicate someone is suicidal includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—Talking about feeling hopeless, trapped, a burden to others or wanting to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—Unusual mood swings or withdrawing from family, friends and usual activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—Giving away important possessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—Increased use of alcohol or drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s report found that many suicides were in people with no known mental illness. But Dr. Joshua Gordon, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, said that contradicts years of data, suggesting many have “gone undiagnosed and untreated. It’s very troubling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon said doctors need to ask patients at every opportunity about their mental health and evaluate their risk for suicide.[contextly_sidebar id=”5yHVylMSzJGpyUIEUKvOwWpHBWw6aZNt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you ask everybody and not just people you might suspect, you double the number you detect,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon noted that psychotherapy and certain psychiatric drugs have been shown to reduce suicidal tendencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moutier of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, said that suicides can be “contagious” — hearing about one may make others who are already at risk turn to self-harm. She said celebrity suicides also typically prompt an increase in calls to suicide \u003ca href=\"https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">help lines.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People should know that suicide is preventable. Anyone contemplating suicide should know that help is available, and that there is no shame in seeking care for your mental health,” Dr. Altha Stewart of the American Psychiatric \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/suicide-prevention\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association\u003c/a> said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The deaths of celebrity chef Anthony Bourdain and fashion designer Kate Spade highlight a troubling trend — rising suicides among middle-aged Americans.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mental health problems, often undiagnosed, are usually involved and experts say knowing warning signs and who is at risk can help stop a crisis from becoming a tragedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bourdain, 61, and Spade, 55, died three days and a continent apart this week amid a new U.S. report showing an uptick in suicides rates in nearly every state since 1999. Middle-aged adults — ages 45 to 64 — had the largest rate increase, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2018/p0607-suicide-prevention.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-0\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cp>Previous studies have suggested economic downturns and the nation’s opioid crisis contributed to the rise in middle-aged suicides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Christine Moutier, a psychiatrist and chief medical officer for the American \u003ca href=\"https://afsp.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Foundation\u003c/a> for Suicide Prevention, said Friday it’s important for everyone to know the warning signs and to intervene when family members, friends or co-workers appear troubled. Asking if they’ve had suicidal thoughts is not harmful and lets them know you care, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behavior that may indicate someone is suicidal includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—Talking about feeling hopeless, trapped, a burden to others or wanting to die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—Unusual mood swings or withdrawing from family, friends and usual activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—Giving away important possessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>—Increased use of alcohol or drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s report found that many suicides were in people with no known mental illness. But Dr. Joshua Gordon, director of the National Institute of Mental Health, said that contradicts years of data, suggesting many have “gone undiagnosed and untreated. It’s very troubling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon said doctors need to ask patients at every opportunity about their mental health and evaluate their risk for suicide.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you ask everybody and not just people you might suspect, you double the number you detect,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gordon noted that psychotherapy and certain psychiatric drugs have been shown to reduce suicidal tendencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moutier of the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention, said that suicides can be “contagious” — hearing about one may make others who are already at risk turn to self-harm. She said celebrity suicides also typically prompt an increase in calls to suicide \u003ca href=\"https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">help lines.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People should know that suicide is preventable. Anyone contemplating suicide should know that help is available, and that there is no shame in seeking care for your mental health,” Dr. Altha Stewart of the American Psychiatric \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/suicide-prevention\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association\u003c/a> said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "From Chaos To Calm: A Life Changed By Ketamine",
"title": "From Chaos To Calm: A Life Changed By Ketamine",
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"content": "\u003cp>For six years now, life has been really good for James. He has a great job as the creative director of an advertising firm in New York City. He enjoys spending time with his wife and kids.[contextly_sidebar id=\"s4NBmRFOwEaVfa4ea1pL5Kssair4SGBs\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it has all been possible, he says, because for the past six years he has been taking a drug called\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/28/443203592/club-drug-ketamine-gains-traction-as-a-treatment-for-depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> ketamine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before ketamine, James was unable to work or focus his thoughts. His mind was filled with violent images. And his mood could go from ebullient to dark in a matter of minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ketamine \"helped me get my life back,\" says James, who asked that we not use his last name to protect his career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ketamine was developed as a human and animal anesthetic in the 1960s. And almost from the time it reached the market it has also been used as a mind-bending party drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ketamine's story took a surprising turn in 2006, when researchers at the National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16894061\">showed\u003c/a> that an intravenous dose could relieve severe depression in a matter of hours. Since then, doctors have prescribed ketamine \"off label\" to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/03/20/520169959/ketamine-for-severe-depression-how-do-you-not-offer-this-drug-to-people\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thousands of depressed patients\u003c/a> who don't respond to other drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And pharmaceutical companies are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/05/28/409800015/ketamine-depression-treatments-inspired-by-club-drug-move-ahead-in-tests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testing\u003c/a> several new ketamine-related drugs to treat depression. Johnson & Johnson expects to seek approval for its nasal spray \u003ca href=\"https://www.jnj.com/media-center/press-releases/new-phase-3-data-show-esketamine-nasal-spray-demonstrated-rapid-improvements-in-depressive-symptoms-in-patients-with-treatment-resistant-depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">esketamine\u003c/a> later this year, though the approval would be limited to use in a clinical setting.[contextly_sidebar id=\"WxNsPZS18b7j3a9u3SqMCjwKimnR3LX8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, doctors have begun trying ketamine on patients with a wide range of psychiatric disorders other than depression. And there is now growing evidence it can help people with anxiety, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and perhaps even obsessive-compulsive disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's actually one of the biggest advances in psychiatry in a very long time,\" says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcleanhospital.org/biography/martin-teicher\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Martin Teicher\u003c/a>, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and director of the Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program at McLean Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ketamine may also offer new hope for people like James who have symptoms of several different psychiatric disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James had a happy childhood, he says. But his thoughts were out of control. \"I always felt like I was crossing a freeway and my thoughts were just racing past me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent much of his childhood terrified of \"an unknown, an ambiguous force out there.\" The fear was \"overwhelming,\" he says. \"I literally slept with the cover over my head with just room to breathe through my mouth until I went to college.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there was something else about James: his body temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I overheated constantly,\" he says. \"I would wear shorts all year long. In my 20s in my apartment I would sleep with the windows open in the middle of the winter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his late 20s, James saw a doctor who told him he had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. So he started taking stimulants.[contextly_sidebar id=\"IjfTHMEjzV27TicYbrGolDFdASO5y6qG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, the pills helped him focus. Then they didn't, no matter how many he took.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd done well as an idea guy in the advertising industry. But now James was trying to work at home, and it wasn't going well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ADHD pills will make you interested in anything,\" he says. \"So I was putting the desk together and taking the desk apart. I was putting a laptop stand together and taking it apart. I was going in a massive downward spiral.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James had always suffered from mood swings. But now they were rapid and extreme. And he couldn't stop thinking about gruesome scenarios, like a murderer coming for his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife took a summer off to be with me because she was scared of what was going to happen to me,\" he says. \"She would go to work for a few hours, then rush home. There would be times I'd call her just screaming, 'Please come home. I can't get through another minute.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, James found his way to Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://bipolarchild.com/about/authors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Demitri Papolos\u003c/a>, an associate professor of clinical psychiatry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like a whirling dervish when he came into my office,\" Papolos says. \"He was extremely fearful and scanning the environment all the time and he overheated at the drop of a hat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papolos diagnosed James with a variant of bipolar disorder he calls the \"fear of harm phenotype.\" It typically appears in childhood and often doesn't respond to traditional psychiatric drugs.[contextly_sidebar id=\"ONPRitNVz88O9pFNNVQ7htlsCs7xWv0w\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Papolos has found that the condition does respond to ketamine. \"It's been transformational,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Papolos published a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28866299\">study\u003c/a> of 45 children with the problem. They inhaled a nasal mist containing ketamine about twice a week. Nearly all got dramatically better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still aren't sure why ketamine works, but there's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/10/04/162299564/ketamine-relieves-depression-by-restoring-brain-connections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that it encourages the brain to rewire, to alter the connections between cells. That process has been linked to recovery from depression. And it may also explain why ketamine helps people who have symptoms associated with several different psychiatric disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's having multiple effects, and that means it's probably useful for multiple different disorders,\" Teicher says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those effects involves a part of the brain involved in temperature regulation. And that could explain why patients like James usually stop overheating once they are taking ketamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James started taking a ketamine nasal spray every other day. He says his response was dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One day I turn to my wife and I'm like, 'I feel calm today. I don't know if it's the sun coming in, I don't know if it's just the way we're sitting here, but I feel like I could go and sit at the computer and work.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, James did sit down at his computer. A month later, he was back at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+Chaos+To+Calm%3A+A+Life+Changed+By+Ketamine&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For six years now, life has been really good for James. He has a great job as the creative director of an advertising firm in New York City. He enjoys spending time with his wife and kids.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it has all been possible, he says, because for the past six years he has been taking a drug called\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/28/443203592/club-drug-ketamine-gains-traction-as-a-treatment-for-depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> ketamine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before ketamine, James was unable to work or focus his thoughts. His mind was filled with violent images. And his mood could go from ebullient to dark in a matter of minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ketamine \"helped me get my life back,\" says James, who asked that we not use his last name to protect his career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ketamine was developed as a human and animal anesthetic in the 1960s. And almost from the time it reached the market it has also been used as a mind-bending party drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ketamine's story took a surprising turn in 2006, when researchers at the National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16894061\">showed\u003c/a> that an intravenous dose could relieve severe depression in a matter of hours. Since then, doctors have prescribed ketamine \"off label\" to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/03/20/520169959/ketamine-for-severe-depression-how-do-you-not-offer-this-drug-to-people\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">thousands of depressed patients\u003c/a> who don't respond to other drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And pharmaceutical companies are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/05/28/409800015/ketamine-depression-treatments-inspired-by-club-drug-move-ahead-in-tests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testing\u003c/a> several new ketamine-related drugs to treat depression. Johnson & Johnson expects to seek approval for its nasal spray \u003ca href=\"https://www.jnj.com/media-center/press-releases/new-phase-3-data-show-esketamine-nasal-spray-demonstrated-rapid-improvements-in-depressive-symptoms-in-patients-with-treatment-resistant-depression\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">esketamine\u003c/a> later this year, though the approval would be limited to use in a clinical setting.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, doctors have begun trying ketamine on patients with a wide range of psychiatric disorders other than depression. And there is now growing evidence it can help people with anxiety, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and perhaps even obsessive-compulsive disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's actually one of the biggest advances in psychiatry in a very long time,\" says Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mcleanhospital.org/biography/martin-teicher\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Martin Teicher\u003c/a>, an associate professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School and director of the Developmental Biopsychiatry Research Program at McLean Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ketamine may also offer new hope for people like James who have symptoms of several different psychiatric disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James had a happy childhood, he says. But his thoughts were out of control. \"I always felt like I was crossing a freeway and my thoughts were just racing past me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He spent much of his childhood terrified of \"an unknown, an ambiguous force out there.\" The fear was \"overwhelming,\" he says. \"I literally slept with the cover over my head with just room to breathe through my mouth until I went to college.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there was something else about James: his body temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I overheated constantly,\" he says. \"I would wear shorts all year long. In my 20s in my apartment I would sleep with the windows open in the middle of the winter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his late 20s, James saw a doctor who told him he had attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. So he started taking stimulants.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, the pills helped him focus. Then they didn't, no matter how many he took.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He'd done well as an idea guy in the advertising industry. But now James was trying to work at home, and it wasn't going well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ADHD pills will make you interested in anything,\" he says. \"So I was putting the desk together and taking the desk apart. I was putting a laptop stand together and taking it apart. I was going in a massive downward spiral.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James had always suffered from mood swings. But now they were rapid and extreme. And he couldn't stop thinking about gruesome scenarios, like a murderer coming for his family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife took a summer off to be with me because she was scared of what was going to happen to me,\" he says. \"She would go to work for a few hours, then rush home. There would be times I'd call her just screaming, 'Please come home. I can't get through another minute.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, James found his way to Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://bipolarchild.com/about/authors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Demitri Papolos\u003c/a>, an associate professor of clinical psychiatry at Albert Einstein College of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was like a whirling dervish when he came into my office,\" Papolos says. \"He was extremely fearful and scanning the environment all the time and he overheated at the drop of a hat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Papolos diagnosed James with a variant of bipolar disorder he calls the \"fear of harm phenotype.\" It typically appears in childhood and often doesn't respond to traditional psychiatric drugs.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Papolos has found that the condition does respond to ketamine. \"It's been transformational,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, Papolos published a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28866299\">study\u003c/a> of 45 children with the problem. They inhaled a nasal mist containing ketamine about twice a week. Nearly all got dramatically better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists still aren't sure why ketamine works, but there's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2012/10/04/162299564/ketamine-relieves-depression-by-restoring-brain-connections\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that it encourages the brain to rewire, to alter the connections between cells. That process has been linked to recovery from depression. And it may also explain why ketamine helps people who have symptoms associated with several different psychiatric disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's having multiple effects, and that means it's probably useful for multiple different disorders,\" Teicher says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those effects involves a part of the brain involved in temperature regulation. And that could explain why patients like James usually stop overheating once they are taking ketamine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James started taking a ketamine nasal spray every other day. He says his response was dramatic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One day I turn to my wife and I'm like, 'I feel calm today. I don't know if it's the sun coming in, I don't know if it's just the way we're sitting here, but I feel like I could go and sit at the computer and work.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, James did sit down at his computer. A month later, he was back at work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+Chaos+To+Calm%3A+A+Life+Changed+By+Ketamine&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Superbug Infections Rising Among Injection Drug Users",
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"content": "\u003cp>One type of superbug bacteria is increasingly spreading among people who inject drugs, according to a new government report.[contextly_sidebar id=\"TXMleCivt4faTqfnHbYmWo399CSQC3BJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users of heroin and other injection drugs were 16 times more likely than other people to develop severe illnesses from MRSA, said the report published Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drug use has crept up and now accounts for a substantial proportion of these very serious infections,” said Dr. William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University, one of the study’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is in the midst of its deadliest drug epidemic ever. While overdose deaths have been the main concern, some studies have noted HIV and hepatitis C infections are spreading among drug users. The authors say the new report is one of the first — and the largest — to highlight how superbug bacterial infections are spreading, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, often live on the skin without causing symptoms. But they can become more dangerous if they enter the bloodstream, destroying heart valves or causing other damage. Health officials have tied MRSA to as many as 11,000 U.S. deaths a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health efforts have focused on MRSA’s spread in hospitals and nursing homes, and infection-control campaigns have been credited for recent drops in MRSA infections at health care facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as that success story has unfolded, MRSA infections tied to illicit drug use have risen.[contextly_sidebar id=\"oC0RKWTYVM9cf8f2VjlDuZZ78N8xiI1P\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opioid epidemic began with abuse of prescription pain pills, but in recent years has shifted to heroin and other injectable drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MRSA “is on the skin, and as the needle goes into the skin it brings the bacteria with it,” explained Dr. Isaac See of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, another of the study’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proportion of invasive, bloodstream-infecting MRSA cases that occurred among injection drug users more than doubled in five years, the study found. In 2011, 4 percent of those MRSA cases involved injection drug users; in 2016, the proportion was 9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report is based on infections diagnosed at hospitals across Connecticut and in parts of California, Georgia, Minnesota, New York and Tennessee. Data were collected from 2005 through 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 39,000 invasive MRSA cases were reported, including about 2,100 among people who inject drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/press-releases/2018/ap-hhmi-expand-collaboration-to-bolster-health-science-coverage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One type of superbug bacteria is increasingly spreading among people who inject drugs, according to a new government report.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users of heroin and other injection drugs were 16 times more likely than other people to develop severe illnesses from MRSA, said the report published Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Drug use has crept up and now accounts for a substantial proportion of these very serious infections,” said Dr. William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University, one of the study’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is in the midst of its deadliest drug epidemic ever. While overdose deaths have been the main concern, some studies have noted HIV and hepatitis C infections are spreading among drug users. The authors say the new report is one of the first — and the largest — to highlight how superbug bacterial infections are spreading, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MRSA, or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, often live on the skin without causing symptoms. But they can become more dangerous if they enter the bloodstream, destroying heart valves or causing other damage. Health officials have tied MRSA to as many as 11,000 U.S. deaths a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health efforts have focused on MRSA’s spread in hospitals and nursing homes, and infection-control campaigns have been credited for recent drops in MRSA infections at health care facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as that success story has unfolded, MRSA infections tied to illicit drug use have risen.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opioid epidemic began with abuse of prescription pain pills, but in recent years has shifted to heroin and other injectable drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MRSA “is on the skin, and as the needle goes into the skin it brings the bacteria with it,” explained Dr. Isaac See of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, another of the study’s authors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proportion of invasive, bloodstream-infecting MRSA cases that occurred among injection drug users more than doubled in five years, the study found. In 2011, 4 percent of those MRSA cases involved injection drug users; in 2016, the proportion was 9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report is based on infections diagnosed at hospitals across Connecticut and in parts of California, Georgia, Minnesota, New York and Tennessee. Data were collected from 2005 through 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 39,000 invasive MRSA cases were reported, including about 2,100 among people who inject drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"https://www.ap.org/press-releases/2018/ap-hhmi-expand-collaboration-to-bolster-health-science-coverage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "U.S. Screens More Staff in China Over Mystery Health Issues",
"title": "U.S. Screens More Staff in China Over Mystery Health Issues",
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"content": "\u003cp>A U.S. medical team was screening more Americans who work at the consulate in southern China as the State Department confirmed evacuating a number of government employees who experienced unexplained health issues like those that have hurt U.S. personnel in Cuba and China.[contextly_sidebar id=\"7CkyzwzKuv3WHlXibNMNiakYleGV6oAv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evacuations of workers in Guangzhou followed medical testing that revealed they might have been affected. State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said “a number of individuals” had been brought to the U.S. but didn’t say how many were affected or evacuated. A previous case in Guangzhou, disclosed last month, prompted the tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nauert also said that remaining U.S. government personnel and their families in Guangzhou would also be able to request testing if they “noted concerning symptoms or wanted baseline screening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents have raised fears the unexplained issues that started in Cuba in 2016 have expanded. The U.S. government has deemed those incidents “specific attacks” on American workers but hasn’t publicly identified a cause or culprit. Most of the incidents were accompanied by bizarre, unexplained sounds that initially led U.S. investigators to suspect a sonic attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms have included dizziness, headaches and an inability to concentrate. The American government worker who previously was removed from China reported “subtle and vague, but abnormal, sensations of sound and pressure,” the Guangzhou consulate reported last month\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security guards outside the Guangzhou consulate on Thursday told reporters to leave the area and not attempt to talk to consulate staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the latest incidents, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said the U.S. had not formally raised the matter with Beijing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the U.S. makes formal contact with us, China will continue necessary investigations in an earnest and responsible manner and maintain close communication and cooperation with the U.S.,” Hua said at a regularly scheduled news conference.[contextly_sidebar id=\"kD7HyExDaX6bPoHIJ2EyalwLhMsGc6Yg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China earlier said it had looked into the case announced last month but came up with no clues about the cause of the symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York Times identified the latest American employee evacuated as Mark A. Lenzi, a security engineering officer at the consulate who left Wednesday night with his wife and two children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lenzi told the Times he resided in the same apartment tower as the officer evacuated in April and suffered in recent months from what he called “neurological symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"google_ads_iframe_/15786418/APNews/site/article/midarticle2_0__container__\">\n\u003cp>Lenzi’s apartment was in one of several high-rise buildings in The Canton Place featuring restaurants and galleries spaced around a central plaza. Another diplomat who reported symptoms was at a different upscale building near the consulate, the paper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. official, who wasn’t authorized to discuss the situation publicly and requested anonymity, said the evacuated American government workers were being brought from China for testing to the University of Pennsylvania. That’s where doctors have been treating and studying patients previously evacuated from the U.S. Embassy in Havana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The preliminary findings of the medical reports on the 24 personnel affected in Cuba showed they had sensory and memory problems similar to the brain dysfunction seen with concussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Penn team said the patients from Cuba experienced persistent disability though rehabilitation therapy customized for them seemed to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canada in April also ordered families of diplomatic staff in Cuba to return home after mysterious health symptoms were detected in 10 Canadians stationed on the island. Canada said the 10 continued to show unexplained brain symptoms and that “medical information raised concerns for a new type of a possible acquired brain injury.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"yqjMydejhDpIpH1sD1HMACrcUU3kDG2I\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee last month about the first case in China, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said China had “said all the right things and have demonstrated their willingness to help us identify the vector which led to this medical incident.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The China incidents affect one of the most important of the seven U.S. diplomatic outposts in the country. The Guangzhou consulate opened months after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Beijing and Washington in 1979 and moved to its new purpose-built facility in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It serves four southern provinces with a combined population of more than 204 million and processes more than 1 million visa applications of all types annually. It is also the only U.S. diplomatic installation in China authorized to process immigrant visas and handle adoptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People working in The Canton Place complex, a few kilometers (miles) from the consulate, said they were just hearing about the incidents, reflecting a lack of coverage in China’s entirely state-controlled media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aled Williams, a British teacher at a kindergarten said Thursday that the reports sounded “sci-fi-ish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hard to get my head around how it works,” he said. “Better watch myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Chen, who runs a coffee shop in the area, said she was mystified as to why only certain people seemed to have been affected in an area known for its comfort and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me I feel it’s very strange. But I don’t feel that there’s something to be very afraid of because it’s probably a very special case,” Chen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A U.S. medical team was screening more Americans who work at the consulate in southern China as the State Department confirmed evacuating a number of government employees who experienced unexplained health issues like those that have hurt U.S. personnel in Cuba and China.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evacuations of workers in Guangzhou followed medical testing that revealed they might have been affected. State Department spokeswoman Heather Nauert said “a number of individuals” had been brought to the U.S. but didn’t say how many were affected or evacuated. A previous case in Guangzhou, disclosed last month, prompted the tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nauert also said that remaining U.S. government personnel and their families in Guangzhou would also be able to request testing if they “noted concerning symptoms or wanted baseline screening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incidents have raised fears the unexplained issues that started in Cuba in 2016 have expanded. The U.S. government has deemed those incidents “specific attacks” on American workers but hasn’t publicly identified a cause or culprit. Most of the incidents were accompanied by bizarre, unexplained sounds that initially led U.S. investigators to suspect a sonic attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symptoms have included dizziness, headaches and an inability to concentrate. The American government worker who previously was removed from China reported “subtle and vague, but abnormal, sensations of sound and pressure,” the Guangzhou consulate reported last month\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Security guards outside the Guangzhou consulate on Thursday told reporters to leave the area and not attempt to talk to consulate staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the latest incidents, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Hua Chunying said the U.S. had not formally raised the matter with Beijing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the U.S. makes formal contact with us, China will continue necessary investigations in an earnest and responsible manner and maintain close communication and cooperation with the U.S.,” Hua said at a regularly scheduled news conference.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China earlier said it had looked into the case announced last month but came up with no clues about the cause of the symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York Times identified the latest American employee evacuated as Mark A. Lenzi, a security engineering officer at the consulate who left Wednesday night with his wife and two children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lenzi told the Times he resided in the same apartment tower as the officer evacuated in April and suffered in recent months from what he called “neurological symptoms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"ad-placeholder\">\n\u003cdiv id=\"google_ads_iframe_/15786418/APNews/site/article/midarticle2_0__container__\">\n\u003cp>Lenzi’s apartment was in one of several high-rise buildings in The Canton Place featuring restaurants and galleries spaced around a central plaza. Another diplomat who reported symptoms was at a different upscale building near the consulate, the paper said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. official, who wasn’t authorized to discuss the situation publicly and requested anonymity, said the evacuated American government workers were being brought from China for testing to the University of Pennsylvania. That’s where doctors have been treating and studying patients previously evacuated from the U.S. Embassy in Havana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The preliminary findings of the medical reports on the 24 personnel affected in Cuba showed they had sensory and memory problems similar to the brain dysfunction seen with concussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Penn team said the patients from Cuba experienced persistent disability though rehabilitation therapy customized for them seemed to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canada in April also ordered families of diplomatic staff in Cuba to return home after mysterious health symptoms were detected in 10 Canadians stationed on the island. Canada said the 10 continued to show unexplained brain symptoms and that “medical information raised concerns for a new type of a possible acquired brain injury.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In testimony before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee last month about the first case in China, U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said China had “said all the right things and have demonstrated their willingness to help us identify the vector which led to this medical incident.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The China incidents affect one of the most important of the seven U.S. diplomatic outposts in the country. The Guangzhou consulate opened months after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Beijing and Washington in 1979 and moved to its new purpose-built facility in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It serves four southern provinces with a combined population of more than 204 million and processes more than 1 million visa applications of all types annually. It is also the only U.S. diplomatic installation in China authorized to process immigrant visas and handle adoptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People working in The Canton Place complex, a few kilometers (miles) from the consulate, said they were just hearing about the incidents, reflecting a lack of coverage in China’s entirely state-controlled media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aled Williams, a British teacher at a kindergarten said Thursday that the reports sounded “sci-fi-ish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hard to get my head around how it works,” he said. “Better watch myself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Linda Chen, who runs a coffee shop in the area, said she was mystified as to why only certain people seemed to have been affected in an area known for its comfort and safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For me I feel it’s very strange. But I don’t feel that there’s something to be very afraid of because it’s probably a very special case,” Chen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA",
"title": "Clinic Claims Success In Making Babies With 3 Parents' DNA",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a clinic on a side street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, doctors are doing something that, as far as is publicly known, is being done nowhere else in the world: using DNA from three different people to create babies for women who are infertile.[contextly_sidebar id=\"hJp3PK3nX6Xp23jBK7povAqNM584M314\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can help these families to achieve their own babies, why it must be forbidden?\" \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/about-the-clinic/our-team/valery-zukin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valery Zukin\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadiya Clinic\u003c/a>, asks as he peers over his glasses. \"It is a dream to want to have a genetic connection with a baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I traveled to Ukraine because Zukin promised unusual access to his private fertility clinic, including the first demonstration for a U.S. journalist of how scientists create \"three-parent\" babies — a procedure prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin also arranged the first-ever interview with a mother of a 15-month-old boy who is one of the four children he says he has produced this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three more of his patients are pregnant, Zukin says, including a woman from Sweden. Women from several other countries including Britain, Brazil and Israel are going through the process, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading ethicists and genetics researchers criticize the clinic for rushing ahead to use this method for infertility. No one knows whether children produced this way will be healthy, they say. And some worry the procedure may open the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is pretty troubling,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a U.S.-based watchdog group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zukin dismisses those criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a doctor I understand only one thing: We have parents who couldn't have children and now they have their own biological child. That's all,\" Zukin says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"e9qixdqsJYlqHyn9aCm0jBm9SiC8DfaI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin has helped form a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dl-nadiya.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company\u003c/a>, Darwin Life-Nadiya, with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York clinic\u003c/a> to market the service to U.S. women willing to travel to Ukraine. Ukrainian women pay about $8,000 for the procedure; for foreigners, it's about $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transferring DNA From Egg to Egg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show how the procedure works, Zukin sends me upstairs to the embryo lab. After putting on a sterile blue gown and booties, I meet Pavlo Mazur, a clinic embryo scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will begin,\" Mazur says, as he takes a clear plastic dish out of an incubator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish contains a 1-day-old embryo. It was created by fertilizing the egg of a woman with sperm from her male partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish also holds a second embryo. This was made using the same man's sperm to fertilize an egg from another woman, who was paid to donate eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sliding the embryos under a large microscope, Mazur starts a timer. He has only 15 minutes to complete the delicate procedure without risking damage to the embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monitor nearby displays what Mazur sees through the microscope. A round structure comes into focus on the screen. It's one of the embryos.[contextly_sidebar id=\"lH4aHr8bWw920dNDT3zPx9BxxYAHoA23\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see?\" Mazur says, pointing to two smaller round structures inside. They contain the DNA of the man and woman trying to have a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One is from sperm. It's paternal,\" Mazur says. \"And the second one is maternal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur slowly inserts a tiny, hollow glass needle into the fertilized egg. Even though Mazur is under pressure to work fast, he can't move too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very steady and slow,\" Mazur says. \"We don't want to damage it, right? We want it to survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He uses the needle to extract the would-be parents' DNA. Mazur does the same thing with the second fertilized egg, removing all the DNA — except for 37 genes known as \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/mitochondrial-dna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondria provide energy for eggs. A defect in the patient's mitochondrial DNA might be what's preventing her from getting pregnant. So using the donor's mitochondrial DNA may be what enables the patient to produce healthy embryos and babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like an universal currency for a cell,\" Mazur says. \"It helps for all processes within the cell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is to transfer the DNA of the woman and man trying to have a child into the donor's mostly gutted embryo — empty except for the other woman's mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And now we will just try to put the genetic material of our patient inside,\" Mazur says as he gently inserts the needle holding the couple's DNA and injects the genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's it,\" he says, glancing at his timer to see there are still two minutes left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, you see? It's inside,\" Mazur says, pointing to the couple's DNA. \"It will develop into embryo.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nadiya clinic is transferring embryos reconstructed this way into the wombs of women trying to become pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the clinic has tried the procedure on 21 women. Fourteen attempts failed, probably because the women were older, the clinic staffers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the other women either had babies or are pregnant. They were younger, but could never produce viable embryos on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I adore that such technology exists. I adore that it can help some people,\" says Mazur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These babies end up with DNA from three different people: the woman trying to have a baby; her male partner; and the egg donor who has provided 37 mitochondrial genes. That's why they're called three-parent babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mazur says that label is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These babies — they have DNA from mother and from father. So they are genetically related to their parents,\" Mazur says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"epZCsHoOtfaC0xfJUpdgovxcZOsKlTBF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of the baby's DNA comes from the nucleus of the cell. And those are the genes responsible for the traits that most people consider their genetic inheritance, such as their eye and hair color, height, weight and personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bit of mitochondrial DNA is \"incomparable,\" Mazur says. \"These children are more like their parents — not donor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur will present the clinic's latest results at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eshre.eu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology\u003c/a>'s annual meeting in Barcelona in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moving too fast?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are welcoming this as a potentially exciting new option for some women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is pioneering work,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cumc.p.cumcweb.org/mdphd/profile/degli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of developmental biology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. The procedure is technically known as \"pronuclear transfer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we can learn from their work is that pronuclear transfer may be useful for some cases of infertility,\" says Egli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say it's far too soon to be attempting this procedure to create children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really an irresponsible kind of human experimentation,\" Darnovsky of the Center for Genetics and Society says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not nearly enough laboratory and animal research has been done to know if the procedure is safe, Darnovsky and others say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just don't know what's going to happen to these children,\" Darnovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, a doctor in New Jersey injected fluid from healthy eggs into the eggs of infertile women, and some babies were born with mitochondrial DNA from three people. But that was discontinued after the FDA intervened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one other baby is known to have been produced using a technique similar to the one being used by Zukin. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/about-us/fertility-doctor/john-zhang/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Zhang\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Hope Fertility Center\u003c/a> in New York performed a related procedure for a Jordanian couple to try to prevent their child from having \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/leigh-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leigh syndrome\u003c/a>, a disorder caused by defects in mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the procedure was developed — to help women carrying \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial disorders\u003c/a> have healthy children. In severe cases, these disorders can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. National Academy of Sciences panel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/03/465319186/babies-with-genes-from-three-people-could-be-ethical-panel-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concluded\u003c/a> it could be ethical to attempt the procedure for this purpose. But because the FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm570185.htm\">won't allow\u003c/a> it at all in the United States, the baby of the Jordanian couple whom \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495668299/new-york-fertility-doctor-says-he-created-baby-with-3-genetic-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zhang helped was born in Mexico in 2016.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in the United Kingdom have started trying the technique to prevent mitochondrial disorders. But the British doctors are being \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">allowed\u003c/a> to try to make only one baby at a time as part of a tightly regulated \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/10/360342623/combining-the-dna-of-three-people-raises-ethical-questions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research program\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=\"2QVJm0WQxeuB5lotTMLysQyqrPHpvncJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin says he received approval for a five-year research program from the Ukrainian Postgraduate Medical Academy, which is under the auspices of the Ukrainian Ministry of Public Health. But Zukin concedes the procedure is far less regulated in his country. Nevertheless, he makes sure all the women understand they are undergoing an experimental procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We explain everything to the families. And not all families give permission for providing this experimental procedure,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because mitochondrial DNA can be inherited, Darnovsky worries the procedure is crossing a line that long has been considered taboo: making changes in human DNA that can be passed down to future generations. One fear is that a mistake could create a new disease that could be inherited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother. Zukin already has used the procedure to produce one baby girl — a girl who could one day pass the mitochondrial DNA to her own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky worries the procedure could also open the door to creating babies who are genetically modified for other reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing is a fast slide down a very slippery slope toward designer babies,\" Darnovsky says. \"We could see parents feeling eager to give their children traits like greater strength, needs less sleep. Some people are saying that, 'Yes, there are genes for IQ and we could have smarter babies.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin dismisses speculation about designer babies. He says he's interested only in helping women who are infertile have genetically related children or prevent mitochondrial diseases. And so far, all the babies he has created appear to be perfectly healthy, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way to know whether the procedure works and is safe is to try it, he argues. He hopes to figure out how to make the procedure work for women suffering from age-related infertility as well, which would help far more women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you would like to swim,\" he says, \"then, first of all, you must jump in the water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>A second story on Wednesday afternoon features an exclusive interview with a mother and her three-parent son.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Clinic+Claims+Success+In+Making+Babies+With+3+Parents%27+DNA+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A clinic in Kiev, Ukraine, stirs controversy by making babies with DNA from three different people to help women who are infertile bear children. It's the only clinic known to be doing this right now.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a clinic on a side street in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine, doctors are doing something that, as far as is publicly known, is being done nowhere else in the world: using DNA from three different people to create babies for women who are infertile.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can help these families to achieve their own babies, why it must be forbidden?\" \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/about-the-clinic/our-team/valery-zukin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Valery Zukin\u003c/a>, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://nadiyaclinic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nadiya Clinic\u003c/a>, asks as he peers over his glasses. \"It is a dream to want to have a genetic connection with a baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I traveled to Ukraine because Zukin promised unusual access to his private fertility clinic, including the first demonstration for a U.S. journalist of how scientists create \"three-parent\" babies — a procedure prohibited by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin also arranged the first-ever interview with a mother of a 15-month-old boy who is one of the four children he says he has produced this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three more of his patients are pregnant, Zukin says, including a woman from Sweden. Women from several other countries including Britain, Brazil and Israel are going through the process, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leading ethicists and genetics researchers criticize the clinic for rushing ahead to use this method for infertility. No one knows whether children produced this way will be healthy, they say. And some worry the procedure may open the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is pretty troubling,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a U.S.-based watchdog group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zukin dismisses those criticisms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a doctor I understand only one thing: We have parents who couldn't have children and now they have their own biological child. That's all,\" Zukin says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin has helped form a \u003ca href=\"http://www.dl-nadiya.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company\u003c/a>, Darwin Life-Nadiya, with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York clinic\u003c/a> to market the service to U.S. women willing to travel to Ukraine. Ukrainian women pay about $8,000 for the procedure; for foreigners, it's about $15,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transferring DNA From Egg to Egg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To show how the procedure works, Zukin sends me upstairs to the embryo lab. After putting on a sterile blue gown and booties, I meet Pavlo Mazur, a clinic embryo scientist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will begin,\" Mazur says, as he takes a clear plastic dish out of an incubator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish contains a 1-day-old embryo. It was created by fertilizing the egg of a woman with sperm from her male partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dish also holds a second embryo. This was made using the same man's sperm to fertilize an egg from another woman, who was paid to donate eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After sliding the embryos under a large microscope, Mazur starts a timer. He has only 15 minutes to complete the delicate procedure without risking damage to the embryos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A monitor nearby displays what Mazur sees through the microscope. A round structure comes into focus on the screen. It's one of the embryos.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see?\" Mazur says, pointing to two smaller round structures inside. They contain the DNA of the man and woman trying to have a baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One is from sperm. It's paternal,\" Mazur says. \"And the second one is maternal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur slowly inserts a tiny, hollow glass needle into the fertilized egg. Even though Mazur is under pressure to work fast, he can't move too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Very steady and slow,\" Mazur says. \"We don't want to damage it, right? We want it to survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He uses the needle to extract the would-be parents' DNA. Mazur does the same thing with the second fertilized egg, removing all the DNA — except for 37 genes known as \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/mitochondrial-dna\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondria provide energy for eggs. A defect in the patient's mitochondrial DNA might be what's preventing her from getting pregnant. So using the donor's mitochondrial DNA may be what enables the patient to produce healthy embryos and babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like an universal currency for a cell,\" Mazur says. \"It helps for all processes within the cell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step is to transfer the DNA of the woman and man trying to have a child into the donor's mostly gutted embryo — empty except for the other woman's mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And now we will just try to put the genetic material of our patient inside,\" Mazur says as he gently inserts the needle holding the couple's DNA and injects the genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's it,\" he says, glancing at his timer to see there are still two minutes left.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So, you see? It's inside,\" Mazur says, pointing to the couple's DNA. \"It will develop into embryo.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nadiya clinic is transferring embryos reconstructed this way into the wombs of women trying to become pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the clinic has tried the procedure on 21 women. Fourteen attempts failed, probably because the women were older, the clinic staffers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the other women either had babies or are pregnant. They were younger, but could never produce viable embryos on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I adore that such technology exists. I adore that it can help some people,\" says Mazur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These babies end up with DNA from three different people: the woman trying to have a baby; her male partner; and the egg donor who has provided 37 mitochondrial genes. That's why they're called three-parent babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mazur says that label is wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These babies — they have DNA from mother and from father. So they are genetically related to their parents,\" Mazur says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of the baby's DNA comes from the nucleus of the cell. And those are the genes responsible for the traits that most people consider their genetic inheritance, such as their eye and hair color, height, weight and personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bit of mitochondrial DNA is \"incomparable,\" Mazur says. \"These children are more like their parents — not donor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mazur will present the clinic's latest results at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.eshre.eu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology\u003c/a>'s annual meeting in Barcelona in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Moving too fast?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are welcoming this as a potentially exciting new option for some women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is pioneering work,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cumc.p.cumcweb.org/mdphd/profile/degli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of developmental biology at Columbia University Medical Center in New York. The procedure is technically known as \"pronuclear transfer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we can learn from their work is that pronuclear transfer may be useful for some cases of infertility,\" says Egli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics say it's far too soon to be attempting this procedure to create children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is really an irresponsible kind of human experimentation,\" Darnovsky of the Center for Genetics and Society says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not nearly enough laboratory and animal research has been done to know if the procedure is safe, Darnovsky and others say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We just don't know what's going to happen to these children,\" Darnovsky says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, a doctor in New Jersey injected fluid from healthy eggs into the eggs of infertile women, and some babies were born with mitochondrial DNA from three people. But that was discontinued after the FDA intervened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one other baby is known to have been produced using a technique similar to the one being used by Zukin. \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/about-us/fertility-doctor/john-zhang/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Zhang\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newhopefertility.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New Hope Fertility Center\u003c/a> in New York performed a related procedure for a Jordanian couple to try to prevent their child from having \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/leigh-syndrome\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leigh syndrome\u003c/a>, a disorder caused by defects in mitochondrial DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why the procedure was developed — to help women carrying \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/mitochondrialdiseases.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mitochondrial disorders\u003c/a> have healthy children. In severe cases, these disorders can be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.S. National Academy of Sciences panel \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/03/465319186/babies-with-genes-from-three-people-could-be-ethical-panel-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concluded\u003c/a> it could be ethical to attempt the procedure for this purpose. But because the FDA \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm570185.htm\">won't allow\u003c/a> it at all in the United States, the baby of the Jordanian couple whom \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495668299/new-york-fertility-doctor-says-he-created-baby-with-3-genetic-parents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zhang helped was born in Mexico in 2016.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in the United Kingdom have started trying the technique to prevent mitochondrial disorders. But the British doctors are being \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">allowed\u003c/a> to try to make only one baby at a time as part of a tightly regulated \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/10/360342623/combining-the-dna-of-three-people-raises-ethical-questions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research program\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin says he received approval for a five-year research program from the Ukrainian Postgraduate Medical Academy, which is under the auspices of the Ukrainian Ministry of Public Health. But Zukin concedes the procedure is far less regulated in his country. Nevertheless, he makes sure all the women understand they are undergoing an experimental procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We explain everything to the families. And not all families give permission for providing this experimental procedure,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because mitochondrial DNA can be inherited, Darnovsky worries the procedure is crossing a line that long has been considered taboo: making changes in human DNA that can be passed down to future generations. One fear is that a mistake could create a new disease that could be inherited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondrial DNA is inherited from the mother. Zukin already has used the procedure to produce one baby girl — a girl who could one day pass the mitochondrial DNA to her own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darnovsky worries the procedure could also open the door to creating babies who are genetically modified for other reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing is a fast slide down a very slippery slope toward designer babies,\" Darnovsky says. \"We could see parents feeling eager to give their children traits like greater strength, needs less sleep. Some people are saying that, 'Yes, there are genes for IQ and we could have smarter babies.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zukin dismisses speculation about designer babies. He says he's interested only in helping women who are infertile have genetically related children or prevent mitochondrial diseases. And so far, all the babies he has created appear to be perfectly healthy, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only way to know whether the procedure works and is safe is to try it, he argues. He hopes to figure out how to make the procedure work for women suffering from age-related infertility as well, which would help far more women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you would like to swim,\" he says, \"then, first of all, you must jump in the water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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