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"content": "\u003cp>There is not a clear winner in the battle between low-fat or low-carb diets, according to a new \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2673150?redirect=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> published Tuesday in JAMA. The study, from Stanford University researchers, found that the nutritional value of foods is more important to weight loss than whether you exclude fats or carbohydrates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers monitored the diets of more than 600 overweight adults. Even though the subjects did not focus on cutting calories, they lost an average of about 12 pounds over the course of a year. The weight changes ranged from a reduction of 60 pounds to a gain of 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study randomly assigned participants to reduce fat or carbohydrate intake. Subjects were not provided with food. Rather, they sat through 22 health education classes, where they learned how to shop, cook and dine nutritiously. They were also encouraged to be physically active.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight, regardless of whether they followed a low-carb or low-fat diet.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The results, based on self-reports from the study subjects, showed that both the low-carb and low-fat groups reduced their daily calorie intake by an average of about 500 calories. Being assigned to the low-carb or low-fat group didn't affect the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not All Calories Are the Same\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did matter across both groups was the type of carbohydrates or fats participants consumed: Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without focusing on calorie restriction,” said lead author Christopher Gardner in an email, “Our participants reported achieving calorie restriction, and in fact lost weight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially participants felt more satiated by eating a healthier diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you reduce starch and sugar and you increase minimally processed healthful foods like vegetables, weight will go down naturally,\" said Dariush Mozaffarian, a cardiologist and nutrition expert\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>at Tufts University who is not connected to the study\u003cstrong>.\" \u003c/strong>About 10 pounds a year, which is pretty substantial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Silver Bullet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results add to a growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">research\u003c/a> calling fad diets into question. Scientists have yet to corroborate any alleged silver bullet for losing weight, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16476868\">studies\u003c/a> have found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">negligible differences\u003c/a> in reducing capabilities between low-carb and low-fat diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mozaffarian specifically questions the mantra that all carbs are bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The carbs that we should be avoiding are those that come in high doses and are digested very quickly, what you might call fast carbs,\" he says. He recommends tossing out refined flours, potatoes and sugars and stocking up on fruits, beans and minimally processed whole grains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The health outcomes of the participants also improved by changing what they ate. Body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin went down for both the low-fat and the low-carb groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precision Medicine Takes a Hit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the study, participants underwent analysis to identify genetic variations that are linked to how the body processes fats or carbohydrates, which the researchers thought would make each individual more likely to lose weight on a low-fat or low-carb diet. Previous research had suggested that genes could interact with different types of diets to influence weight loss. The participants' insulin levels were also taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"lR73EJFQlezW1NDSbIIGP6dv8VCGeXmF\"]But neither their genetic makeup nor insulin resistance mattered in how successful the participants were in losing weight, the study found. These results suggest that “precision medicine is not as important as eating mindfully [and] getting rid of packaged, processed food,” said lead author Christopher Gardner. To achieve the former, he recommends avoiding screens while dining, shopping at farmers markets and sitting down for meals with friends and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Experts Weigh In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was well-conducted, says Dr. David Ludwig, a Boston Children’s Hospital obesity researcher. But because participants were not provided with specific foods and self-reported their choices, he says, it wasn’t rigorous enough to disprove the idea that certain genes and insulin levels may affect which types of diets lead to weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Frank Hu, nutrition chief at Harvard’s School of Public Health who has called precision nutrition a promising approach, says the study wasn’t a comprehensive test of all gene variations that might affect individual responses to weight loss diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In any weight loss diets, adherence to the diet and the overall quality of the diet are probably more important than any other factors,” Hu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still On The Hunt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford researchers plan to continue combing through the data to see if other biological factors, such as those linked to individual microbiomes or to epigenetics, for example, impacted the results. Gardener has a hunch that one key factor is satiety: Some people might feel full after eating a bowl of steel cut oats for breakfast, for instance, while others still feel hungry. Meanwhile, the same people unsatiated by oatmeal might do better with eggs and an avocado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the next level of personalization is really thinking about which good carbs and which good fat foods are more satiating for some people than others,\" Gardner says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report and the content has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did matter across both groups was the type of carbohydrates or fats participants consumed: Those who ate the fewest processed foods, sugary drinks and unhealthy fats while eating the most vegetables lost the most weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without focusing on calorie restriction,” said lead author Christopher Gardner in an email, “Our participants reported achieving calorie restriction, and in fact lost weight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially participants felt more satiated by eating a healthier diet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you reduce starch and sugar and you increase minimally processed healthful foods like vegetables, weight will go down naturally,\" said Dariush Mozaffarian, a cardiologist and nutrition expert\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>at Tufts University who is not connected to the study\u003cstrong>.\" \u003c/strong>About 10 pounds a year, which is pretty substantial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No Silver Bullet\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results add to a growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25182101\">research\u003c/a> calling fad diets into question. 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Body fat, body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin went down for both the low-fat and the low-carb groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precision Medicine Takes a Hit\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of the study, participants underwent analysis to identify genetic variations that are linked to how the body processes fats or carbohydrates, which the researchers thought would make each individual more likely to lose weight on a low-fat or low-carb diet. Previous research had suggested that genes could interact with different types of diets to influence weight loss. The participants' insulin levels were also taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But neither their genetic makeup nor insulin resistance mattered in how successful the participants were in losing weight, the study found. These results suggest that “precision medicine is not as important as eating mindfully [and] getting rid of packaged, processed food,” said lead author Christopher Gardner. To achieve the former, he recommends avoiding screens while dining, shopping at farmers markets and sitting down for meals with friends and family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Other Experts Weigh In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was well-conducted, says Dr. David Ludwig, a Boston Children’s Hospital obesity researcher. But because participants were not provided with specific foods and self-reported their choices, he says, it wasn’t rigorous enough to disprove the idea that certain genes and insulin levels may affect which types of diets lead to weight loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Frank Hu, nutrition chief at Harvard’s School of Public Health who has called precision nutrition a promising approach, says the study wasn’t a comprehensive test of all gene variations that might affect individual responses to weight loss diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In any weight loss diets, adherence to the diet and the overall quality of the diet are probably more important than any other factors,” Hu says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Still On The Hunt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford researchers plan to continue combing through the data to see if other biological factors, such as those linked to individual microbiomes or to epigenetics, for example, impacted the results. 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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cp8SlAZhGbk&ab_channel=UCSanFrancisco%28UCSF%29\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let there be light -- in the battle against cancer cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stunning images above, captured using high-speed laser microscopy, shows a cancer cell isolated on a coverslip, trapped within \"walls\" of blue light. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists created this cage by inserting a light-sensitive protein from plants into the cell, so that any contact with the light caused the protein to come apart, and the cell's structural \"scaffolding\" (the white lines within the cell) to collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This makes it impossible for the cell to continue moving in the same direction. In response, the cell turns and tries a different route, with the same result. Thus, the cell is stopped dead in its tracks. The process of manipulating cells with light is called optogenetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Photo-inactivation lets us turn proteins off and back on in living cells in real time, and do so with much more spatial accuracy than has been possible before,” said Torsten Wittmann, a UCSF professor who led the study on the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the technique is not going to be used in people any time soon, disrupting this isolated cell's ability to migrate is teaching researchers about new ways they might prevent metastatic cancer from spreading in patients. The same process can also be used to study a host of functions in other types of cells, as well.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Kate Bowler's new memoir, \u003cem>Everything Happens for a Reason And Other Lies I've Loved\u003c/em>, is a funny, intimate portrait of living in that nether space between life and death. In it, she shares her experiences with incurable stage 4 cancer and gives advice on what not to say to those who are terminally ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>3 things not say to someone terminally ill, from author Kate Bowler...\n\u003cli>'Everything happens for a reason.'\u003c/li>\u003cli>'How are the treatments going?'\n\u003c/li>\u003cli>How are you really?\u003c/li>\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bowler is also the host of\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/583447646/everything-happens\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Everything Happens\u003c/a>, a new podcast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She writes that sometimes silence is the best response: \"The truth is that no one knows what to say. It's awkward. Pain is awkward. Tragedy is awkward. People's weird, suffering bodies are awkward. But take the advice of one man, who wrote to me with his policy: Show up and shut up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Interview Highlights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why she wrote Everything Happens For A Reason\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly at [age] 35, I get this stage 4 cancer diagnosis, and it's just like a bomb went off and everything around me is debris. And I'm thinking, \"Oh my gosh, did I actually maybe expect that everything was going to work out for me?\" And so I wrote the book more like a theological excavation project, like I was just trying to get down to the studs of what I really expected from my life. And I think I was a lot more sure than I realized ... maybe that I was the architect of my own life, that I could overcome anything with a little pluck and determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how a cancer diagnosis changed her outlook on life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I kind of pictured my life like it was this life enhancement project, and like my life is like a bucket and I'm supposed to put all the things in the bucket. And the whole purpose is to figure out how to have as many good things coexisting at the same time.And then when everything falls apart, you totally have to switch imagination, like maybe instead, life is just vine to vine. And you're like grabbing onto something, and you're just hoping for dear life it doesn't break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how that diagnosis affected her relationship to friends and family\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went from feeling like a normal person to all of a sudden, like this spaghetti bowl of cancer. I was trying to learn how to give up really quickly, like looking at my beautiful husband and just immediately all the stuff you're supposed to say, which is just like, \"I have loved you forever,\" and \"All I want for you is love.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... You have these impossible thoughts like, \"You will live without me,\" and \"Please take care of our kid.\" And like you're trying to do all that hard work and then in the same moment, they're trying to rush in and say, \"We're going to fight this.\" There's all these plans they want to pour their certainty in, to remake the foundation. And there's this, kind of, almost terrible exchange, where you're trying to remake the world as it was. But it's all come apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On whether she has had conversations with her 4-year-old son about death\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is entirely impervious to all of this, in the best way. But I do think the thing that has radically changed is I really was, before, trying to create this little bubble around him and us, 'cause I thought, like, \"It's my job to protect you,\" and then I realized that I would be the worst thing that happened to him if this went badly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So then I thought like, \"OK, parenting strategy change.\" And I thought, 'Well, if I can just teach you that there is still beauty in others in the midst of pain, then like, that's my job.\" So we work a lot on like, \"How are you feeling?\" like, \"I feel frustrated.\" And then getting him to notice the feelings of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how she has learned to cope with negative news about her diagnosis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well I have rules for when things are too sad, 'cause sometimes, just the reality of things really feels like an avalanche, and it's just going to sweep everything away. So I do make rules for the day, like don't talk about sad things after 9 p.m., so I try to make my day a little gentler. I try to make other people's day a little gentler. The other thing I do is I try really stupid stuff, like I got terrible news a couple months ago, which thankfully turned out to be a medical error.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a scan and it looked brutal, but I spent that week thinking like, \"This is my last year for sure.\" And it was weird because the next day, I turned to a friend and I said, \"Would you like to go visit the world's largest Ukrainian sausage?\" And he was like, \"Oh, I'm in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On her list of things not to say to someone with terminal cancer, including \"How are the treatments going and how are you really?\" [book excerpt]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the toughest one of all. I can hear you trying to be in my world and be on my side. But picture the worst thing that's ever happened to you. Got it? Now try to put it in a sentence. Now say it aloud 50 times a day. Does your head hurt? Do you feel sad? Me too. So let's just see if I want to talk about it today, because sometimes I do and sometimes I want a hug and a recap of American Ninja Warrior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeffrey Pierre and Miranda Kennedy produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Sydnee Monday and April Fulton adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly at [age] 35, I get this stage 4 cancer diagnosis, and it's just like a bomb went off and everything around me is debris. And I'm thinking, \"Oh my gosh, did I actually maybe expect that everything was going to work out for me?\" And so I wrote the book more like a theological excavation project, like I was just trying to get down to the studs of what I really expected from my life. And I think I was a lot more sure than I realized ... maybe that I was the architect of my own life, that I could overcome anything with a little pluck and determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how a cancer diagnosis changed her outlook on life\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I kind of pictured my life like it was this life enhancement project, and like my life is like a bucket and I'm supposed to put all the things in the bucket. And the whole purpose is to figure out how to have as many good things coexisting at the same time.And then when everything falls apart, you totally have to switch imagination, like maybe instead, life is just vine to vine. And you're like grabbing onto something, and you're just hoping for dear life it doesn't break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how that diagnosis affected her relationship to friends and family\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went from feeling like a normal person to all of a sudden, like this spaghetti bowl of cancer. I was trying to learn how to give up really quickly, like looking at my beautiful husband and just immediately all the stuff you're supposed to say, which is just like, \"I have loved you forever,\" and \"All I want for you is love.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... You have these impossible thoughts like, \"You will live without me,\" and \"Please take care of our kid.\" And like you're trying to do all that hard work and then in the same moment, they're trying to rush in and say, \"We're going to fight this.\" There's all these plans they want to pour their certainty in, to remake the foundation. And there's this, kind of, almost terrible exchange, where you're trying to remake the world as it was. But it's all come apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On whether she has had conversations with her 4-year-old son about death\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is entirely impervious to all of this, in the best way. But I do think the thing that has radically changed is I really was, before, trying to create this little bubble around him and us, 'cause I thought, like, \"It's my job to protect you,\" and then I realized that I would be the worst thing that happened to him if this went badly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So then I thought like, \"OK, parenting strategy change.\" And I thought, 'Well, if I can just teach you that there is still beauty in others in the midst of pain, then like, that's my job.\" So we work a lot on like, \"How are you feeling?\" like, \"I feel frustrated.\" And then getting him to notice the feelings of others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how she has learned to cope with negative news about her diagnosis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well I have rules for when things are too sad, 'cause sometimes, just the reality of things really feels like an avalanche, and it's just going to sweep everything away. So I do make rules for the day, like don't talk about sad things after 9 p.m., so I try to make my day a little gentler. I try to make other people's day a little gentler. The other thing I do is I try really stupid stuff, like I got terrible news a couple months ago, which thankfully turned out to be a medical error.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a scan and it looked brutal, but I spent that week thinking like, \"This is my last year for sure.\" And it was weird because the next day, I turned to a friend and I said, \"Would you like to go visit the world's largest Ukrainian sausage?\" And he was like, \"Oh, I'm in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On her list of things not to say to someone with terminal cancer, including \"How are the treatments going and how are you really?\" [book excerpt]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the toughest one of all. I can hear you trying to be in my world and be on my side. But picture the worst thing that's ever happened to you. Got it? Now try to put it in a sentence. Now say it aloud 50 times a day. Does your head hurt? Do you feel sad? Me too. So let's just see if I want to talk about it today, because sometimes I do and sometimes I want a hug and a recap of American Ninja Warrior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jeffrey Pierre and Miranda Kennedy produced and edited this interview for broadcast. Sydnee Monday and April Fulton adapted it for the Web.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Getting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million donation\u003c/a> is the stuff of dreams for a university head. In January 2017, when UCSF announced that the Helen Diller Foundation was contributing a half-billion dollars, school Chancellor Sam Hawgood said, “I have to pinch myself every time I think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood’s going to have to keep pinching. The Helen Diller Foundation has now doubled down on its gift to the university with another $500 million donation. The funds will be used to build a new, state of the art hospital at UCSF's Parnassus Heights campus by 2030. The new hospital will be built on the site currently occupied by the Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital, which will be torn down. Langley outpatient services will be relocated to a new building in San Francisco's Dogpatch neighborhood; inpatient services will remain somewhere on the Parnassus campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood called the donation \"transformative\" and \"beyond my wildest expectations,\" not to mention \"an exhilarating experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn’t be more delighted for what it means for the patients we will care for for generations to come,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new funds will bring the foundation’s total donations to the university to roughly $1.15 billion, putting the school right at the top of of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/Major-Private-Gifts-to-Higher/128264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of academic institutions that have received massive funds from a single organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF, part of the University of California system, includes schools of medicine, dentistry, nursing and pharmacy. The entire institution is dedicated to health sciences and biomedicine. Tracing its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/history-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">roots\u003c/a> back to 1864, the university has five Nobel Prize winners on staff, and an impressive portfolio of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/achievements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific achievements\u003c/a>, including the discovery of vitamin E back in 1923 and the co-discovery of HIV in 1983.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new hospital at Parnassus Heights will take over inpatient care now administered in UCSF's Moffitt building, part of the Moffitt-Long Hospital at \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/505+Parnassus+Ave,+San+Francisco,+CA+94143/@37.7630895,-122.4600031,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8085875762cbdad5:0x30442fa9192ab3e1!8m2!3d37.7630895!4d-122.4578144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">505 Parnassus Avenue\u003c/a>. Without retrofitting, Moffitt would no longer be able to house patients after 2030, according to state law. The new hospital will also be part of UCSF Health, the health care network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/10/136716/ucsf-health-system-expand-care-throughout-bay-area-and-beyond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched\u003c/a> by the university in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, the university opened a more modern campus in San Francisco's Mission Bay neighborhood. The school is just now beginning a year-long planning process to upgrade the Parnassus Heights site. Renovations are part of a $5 billion fundraising campaign, which includes the Diller donation for the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of the campus was built between 1950 and the mid-1970s. So the facilities are showing their age,\" Hawgood said. \"We’ll be looking to refurbish many of the research buildings ... Science has moved on; the need for different kinds of facilities are also required.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Diller Largesse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pushed back the announcement about the donation a couple of days out of respect for the Diller family, who saw its partriarch, Sanford Diller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Real-estate-developer-philanthropist-Sanford-12553646.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">die\u003c/a> last Friday at the age of 89. Diller was a billionaire who made his money as founder of the Prometheus Real Estate Group, one of the largest owners of apartment buildings in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife, Helen, who died in 2015, established the Helen Diller Family Foundation in 1999. In 2003, the foundation donated $35 million to create the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Care Center, at UCSF's Mission Bay Campus. Back then, $35 million was the largest gift by a single donor in UCSF history. But that amount was dwarfed by the family's whopping $500 million donation in late 2015. At the time, it was matched only by \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million gifts\u003c/a> to each of two Oregon universities from Nike co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phil Knight\u003c/a>. (Knight also gave $400 million to Stanford in 2016.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A billion-dollars-plus to a single educational institution, albeit a public one, did get us thinking about the issue of\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=effective+philanthrop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> effective philanthropy\u003c/a>. So we reached out for comment to \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/02/16/qa-singer-philosopher-his-craft-and-practicing-it-princeton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Singer\u003c/a>, a philosopher, author and professor of bioethics at Princeton University, who has taken a utilitarian approach to charitable giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it's clearly not the best use of the money,\" he wrote in an email. \"Health is a vital area for philanthropy, but not in an area that is already, by world standards, extraordinarily well-served ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why \u003cem>have\u003c/em> the Dillers showered so much largesse on UCSF?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are native San Franciscans, and are proud to give back to our community,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2003/10/4698/35-million-gift-supports-construction-helen-diller-family-cancer-researc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> Helen Diller, in 2003. “Our family is extremely enthused about cancer research at UCSF. ... (W)e have been presented with the joy of participating in the development of an entirely new section of this very beautiful city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She repeated her feelings of attachment to the city, and to UCSF, in a 2009 interview with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, which provides a good window into some of her motivations. \"I was born in San Francisco at Mount Zion hospital. UCSF is known to have the finest scientists and doctors,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She continued: \"There is a Hebrew expression, '\u003cem>Tikkun olam\u003c/em>,' which means to repair the world. My parents did things in a small way because that is what they could do. Now we are doing what we are able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the initial $500 million Diller donation went toward retaining and recruiting faculty and supporting students at UCSF’s four professional schools, some of it in the form of scholarships. UCSF also created a discretionary $100 million \"innovation fund.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is also known for contributing to Jewish causes, funding UC Berkeley and UC Santa Cruz Jewish studies programs, renovating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julius Kahn\u003c/a> in the Presidio, and a leadership \u003ca href=\"http://dillerteenfellows.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program\u003c/a> for Jewish teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recognition of the latest donation, UCSF has renamed its complex of medical buildings on campus as the UCSF Helen Diller Medical Center at Parnassus Heights.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Getting a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million donation\u003c/a> is the stuff of dreams for a university head. In January 2017, when UCSF announced that the Helen Diller Foundation was contributing a half-billion dollars, school Chancellor Sam Hawgood said, “I have to pinch myself every time I think about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood’s going to have to keep pinching. The Helen Diller Foundation has now doubled down on its gift to the university with another $500 million donation. The funds will be used to build a new, state of the art hospital at UCSF's Parnassus Heights campus by 2030. The new hospital will be built on the site currently occupied by the Langley Porter Psychiatric Hospital, which will be torn down. Langley outpatient services will be relocated to a new building in San Francisco's Dogpatch neighborhood; inpatient services will remain somewhere on the Parnassus campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawgood called the donation \"transformative\" and \"beyond my wildest expectations,\" not to mention \"an exhilarating experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I couldn’t be more delighted for what it means for the patients we will care for for generations to come,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new funds will bring the foundation’s total donations to the university to roughly $1.15 billion, putting the school right at the top of of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.chronicle.com/article/Major-Private-Gifts-to-Higher/128264\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">list\u003c/a> of academic institutions that have received massive funds from a single organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF, part of the University of California system, includes schools of medicine, dentistry, nursing and pharmacy. The entire institution is dedicated to health sciences and biomedicine. Tracing its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/history-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">roots\u003c/a> back to 1864, the university has five Nobel Prize winners on staff, and an impressive portfolio of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/about/achievements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">scientific achievements\u003c/a>, including the discovery of vitamin E back in 1923 and the co-discovery of HIV in 1983.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new hospital at Parnassus Heights will take over inpatient care now administered in UCSF's Moffitt building, part of the Moffitt-Long Hospital at \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/505+Parnassus+Ave,+San+Francisco,+CA+94143/@37.7630895,-122.4600031,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x8085875762cbdad5:0x30442fa9192ab3e1!8m2!3d37.7630895!4d-122.4578144\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">505 Parnassus Avenue\u003c/a>. Without retrofitting, Moffitt would no longer be able to house patients after 2030, according to state law. The new hospital will also be part of UCSF Health, the health care network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2015/10/136716/ucsf-health-system-expand-care-throughout-bay-area-and-beyond\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched\u003c/a> by the university in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2003, the university opened a more modern campus in San Francisco's Mission Bay neighborhood. The school is just now beginning a year-long planning process to upgrade the Parnassus Heights site. Renovations are part of a $5 billion fundraising campaign, which includes the Diller donation for the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The majority of the campus was built between 1950 and the mid-1970s. So the facilities are showing their age,\" Hawgood said. \"We’ll be looking to refurbish many of the research buildings ... Science has moved on; the need for different kinds of facilities are also required.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Diller Largesse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF pushed back the announcement about the donation a couple of days out of respect for the Diller family, who saw its partriarch, Sanford Diller, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/business/article/Real-estate-developer-philanthropist-Sanford-12553646.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">die\u003c/a> last Friday at the age of 89. Diller was a billionaire who made his money as founder of the Prometheus Real Estate Group, one of the largest owners of apartment buildings in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his wife, Helen, who died in 2015, established the Helen Diller Family Foundation in 1999. In 2003, the foundation donated $35 million to create the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Care Center, at UCSF's Mission Bay Campus. Back then, $35 million was the largest gift by a single donor in UCSF history. But that amount was dwarfed by the family's whopping $500 million donation in late 2015. At the time, it was matched only by \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$500 million gifts\u003c/a> to each of two Oregon universities from Nike co-founder \u003ca href=\"https://www.philanthropy.com/factfile/gifts_detail?GiftDonorJoin_a_DonorID=PGDON1706\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phil Knight\u003c/a>. (Knight also gave $400 million to Stanford in 2016.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A billion-dollars-plus to a single educational institution, albeit a public one, did get us thinking about the issue of\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=effective+philanthrop\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> effective philanthropy\u003c/a>. So we reached out for comment to \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/news/2017/02/16/qa-singer-philosopher-his-craft-and-practicing-it-princeton\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Singer\u003c/a>, a philosopher, author and professor of bioethics at Princeton University, who has taken a utilitarian approach to charitable giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No, it's clearly not the best use of the money,\" he wrote in an email. \"Health is a vital area for philanthropy, but not in an area that is already, by world standards, extraordinarily well-served ... .\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why \u003cem>have\u003c/em> the Dillers showered so much largesse on UCSF?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are native San Franciscans, and are proud to give back to our community,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2003/10/4698/35-million-gift-supports-construction-helen-diller-family-cancer-researc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> Helen Diller, in 2003. “Our family is extremely enthused about cancer research at UCSF. ... (W)e have been presented with the joy of participating in the development of an entirely new section of this very beautiful city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She repeated her feelings of attachment to the city, and to UCSF, in a 2009 interview with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/health/article/Helen-Sanford-Diller-fund-UCSF-cancer-center-3296458.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, which provides a good window into some of her motivations. \"I was born in San Francisco at Mount Zion hospital. UCSF is known to have the finest scientists and doctors,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She continued: \"There is a Hebrew expression, '\u003cem>Tikkun olam\u003c/em>,' which means to repair the world. My parents did things in a small way because that is what they could do. Now we are doing what we are able to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of the initial $500 million Diller donation went toward retaining and recruiting faculty and supporting students at UCSF’s four professional schools, some of it in the form of scholarships. UCSF also created a discretionary $100 million \"innovation fund.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family is also known for contributing to Jewish causes, funding UC Berkeley and UC Santa Cruz Jewish studies programs, renovating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Kahn_(congressman)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julius Kahn\u003c/a> in the Presidio, and a leadership \u003ca href=\"http://dillerteenfellows.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">program\u003c/a> for Jewish teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recognition of the latest donation, UCSF has renamed its complex of medical buildings on campus as the UCSF Helen Diller Medical Center at Parnassus Heights.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Flu Vaccine This Year Was a Dud According to Early Data",
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"content": "\u003cp>As the country battles an especially fierce flu season, experts have struggled to explain why one family of virus — the influenza A virus H3N2 — that has infected a lot of people in recent years is causing so much damage again this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pMmCXaibLUwxTcHOuOXFWa0DdskcP6kV\"]Now, new data from north of the border sheds some light on the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canadian influenza researchers reported Thursday in the online journal \u003cem>Eurosurveillance\u003c/em> that the first reckoning of how well the flu vaccine is protecting against H3N2 viruses this year in North America has a dismal answer: not very.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their midseason estimate, based on data from the four provinces where roughly 80 percent of Canadians live, suggested that the H3N2 component of the vaccine is 17 percent effective at preventing infection. Last year it was estimated at 37 percent in Canada and 34 percent in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health authorities have come to expect protection against H3N2 — the weak link of the vaccine — to be in the low-to-mid 30 percent range at best. But this estimate is half that. And the fact that it was so much lower came as a surprise to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s flu experts, who have yet to analyze their midseason flu vaccine effectiveness data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was lower than what the Canadians or we experienced last year,” said Alicia Fry, head of epidemiology for the CDC’s influenza division. Given that there haven’t been major changes in the viruses, “it is a surprising result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fry said the CDC surveillance network will stop collecting data for their interim analysis next week, and the agency will publish their findings mid-month. Both teams will also reanalyze their surveillance data at the end of the season, when more data typically brings a sharper focus to the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research also reported that — at least in Canada — a new subgroup of the H3N2 clan has become the dominant H3N2 viruses causing illness this season. It may be that the vaccine isn’t targeting that group of viruses effectively. The U.S. is seeing a similar pattern, said Jacqueline Katz, deputy director of the CDC’s influenza division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, the findings confirm the fact that people who’ve been vaccinated are among those contracting flu this season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is low protection. And the overall message is: People who have been vaccinated should not consider themselves invincible against this H3N2 virus that’s circulating,” said Dr. Danuta Skowronski, lead author of the report and an influenza epidemiologist at the British Columbia Center for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means getting early medical care, antiviral treatment for those at high risk of influenza complications. That’s the main value of reporting these midseason estimates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In working-age adults, the estimated protection is lower still: 10 percent. That is in line with the protection level Australia saw in its harsh winter 2017 flu season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the small number of people studied — 689 — the confidence intervals around the estimates are wide. You can think of them as the margins of error around a polling number that is said to be accurate within, for example, 3 percentage points up or down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the case of the assessment of the H3N2 component, the confidence intervals cross zero, which means the researchers cannot rule out the possibility there was no benefit from that part of the vaccine. But based on statistical calculations, the 17 percent overall and 10 percent among working-age adults is more likely to be correct, Skowronski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That low protection level among working-age adults could explain why the CDC has reported unusually high flu hospitalization rates among people aged 50 to 64 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canadian data may provide clues into what is happening in the United States. But flu season activity varies across geographic regions, and it will be important to see U.S. data to see if the Canadian patterns are reflective of what is happening here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s already clear they are not a perfect match. There is considerably more influenza B illness in Canada this year than there has been in the U.S. In fact, where flu B infections make up less than 20 percent of lab-confirmed flu cases here so far this year, the corresponding figure in Canada is about 40 percent. And in this study, flu B infections made up 51 percent of the confirmed flu cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine’s performance against influenza B viruses was substantially better than it was against H3N2. The study estimated the flu shot protected about 55 percent of people who received it against influenza B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s especially interesting given that most of the flu shots given in Canada targeted the wrong flu B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two lineages of influenza B viruses. Some flu shots target both, but older products contain protection against just one. More than two-thirds of the vaccines used in Canada protect against only one B virus, and this year the virus included in those products is not the one causing the most illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the two B viruses are quite different genetically, the vaccine appears to be offering cross-protection, Skowronski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than three-quarters of flu vaccines used in the U.S. target both flu B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does not estimate how well this year’s vaccine protects against H1N1 viruses. Skowronski said there has simply been too little H1N1 disease in Canada so far this winter to make that calculation. Fry said the CDC hopes to be able to give an estimate of how well the H1N1 component of the vaccine is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Canadian team could not estimate how protective the vaccine has been against H3N2 in children. The end-of-season analysis should be able to answer that question, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/01/flu-vaccine-protection-h3n2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As the country battles an especially fierce flu season, experts have struggled to explain why one family of virus — the influenza A virus H3N2 — that has infected a lot of people in recent years is causing so much damage again this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Now, new data from north of the border sheds some light on the question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canadian influenza researchers reported Thursday in the online journal \u003cem>Eurosurveillance\u003c/em> that the first reckoning of how well the flu vaccine is protecting against H3N2 viruses this year in North America has a dismal answer: not very.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their midseason estimate, based on data from the four provinces where roughly 80 percent of Canadians live, suggested that the H3N2 component of the vaccine is 17 percent effective at preventing infection. Last year it was estimated at 37 percent in Canada and 34 percent in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health authorities have come to expect protection against H3N2 — the weak link of the vaccine — to be in the low-to-mid 30 percent range at best. But this estimate is half that. And the fact that it was so much lower came as a surprise to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s flu experts, who have yet to analyze their midseason flu vaccine effectiveness data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was lower than what the Canadians or we experienced last year,” said Alicia Fry, head of epidemiology for the CDC’s influenza division. Given that there haven’t been major changes in the viruses, “it is a surprising result.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fry said the CDC surveillance network will stop collecting data for their interim analysis next week, and the agency will publish their findings mid-month. Both teams will also reanalyze their surveillance data at the end of the season, when more data typically brings a sharper focus to the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research also reported that — at least in Canada — a new subgroup of the H3N2 clan has become the dominant H3N2 viruses causing illness this season. It may be that the vaccine isn’t targeting that group of viruses effectively. The U.S. is seeing a similar pattern, said Jacqueline Katz, deputy director of the CDC’s influenza division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the reason, the findings confirm the fact that people who’ve been vaccinated are among those contracting flu this season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is low protection. And the overall message is: People who have been vaccinated should not consider themselves invincible against this H3N2 virus that’s circulating,” said Dr. Danuta Skowronski, lead author of the report and an influenza epidemiologist at the British Columbia Center for Disease Control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That means getting early medical care, antiviral treatment for those at high risk of influenza complications. That’s the main value of reporting these midseason estimates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In working-age adults, the estimated protection is lower still: 10 percent. That is in line with the protection level Australia saw in its harsh winter 2017 flu season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the small number of people studied — 689 — the confidence intervals around the estimates are wide. You can think of them as the margins of error around a polling number that is said to be accurate within, for example, 3 percentage points up or down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the case of the assessment of the H3N2 component, the confidence intervals cross zero, which means the researchers cannot rule out the possibility there was no benefit from that part of the vaccine. But based on statistical calculations, the 17 percent overall and 10 percent among working-age adults is more likely to be correct, Skowronski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That low protection level among working-age adults could explain why the CDC has reported unusually high flu hospitalization rates among people aged 50 to 64 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Canadian data may provide clues into what is happening in the United States. But flu season activity varies across geographic regions, and it will be important to see U.S. data to see if the Canadian patterns are reflective of what is happening here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s already clear they are not a perfect match. There is considerably more influenza B illness in Canada this year than there has been in the U.S. In fact, where flu B infections make up less than 20 percent of lab-confirmed flu cases here so far this year, the corresponding figure in Canada is about 40 percent. And in this study, flu B infections made up 51 percent of the confirmed flu cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vaccine’s performance against influenza B viruses was substantially better than it was against H3N2. The study estimated the flu shot protected about 55 percent of people who received it against influenza B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s especially interesting given that most of the flu shots given in Canada targeted the wrong flu B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two lineages of influenza B viruses. Some flu shots target both, but older products contain protection against just one. More than two-thirds of the vaccines used in Canada protect against only one B virus, and this year the virus included in those products is not the one causing the most illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though the two B viruses are quite different genetically, the vaccine appears to be offering cross-protection, Skowronski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than three-quarters of flu vaccines used in the U.S. target both flu B viruses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report does not estimate how well this year’s vaccine protects against H1N1 viruses. Skowronski said there has simply been too little H1N1 disease in Canada so far this winter to make that calculation. Fry said the CDC hopes to be able to give an estimate of how well the H1N1 component of the vaccine is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Canadian team could not estimate how protective the vaccine has been against H3N2 in children. The end-of-season analysis should be able to answer that question, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/02/01/flu-vaccine-protection-h3n2/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Amazon, Warren Buffett and JPMorgan are forming a new company to address the health care costs of their employees, sending shares of health care companies down sharply across the entire sector despite the vague nature of the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday Amazon's Jeff Bezos said that he, along with Buffet and JPMorgan, would attempt to make health care better for hundreds of thousands of their employees, and perhaps, eventually, the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were few details and those involved said the project is in the early planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ballooning costs of (health care) act as a hungry tapeworm on the American economy,\" said Buffett, the head of Berkshire Hathaway, in a prepared statement. \"Our group does not come to this problem with answers. But we also do not accept it as inevitable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new company will be independent and \"free from profit-making incentives and constraints.\" The businesses said the new venture's initial focus would be on technology that provides \"simplified, high-quality and transparent\" care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not clear if the ultimate goal is to eventually move beyond Amazon, Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan. However, JPMorgan Chairman and CEO Jaimie Dimon said, \"our goal is to create solutions that benefit our U.S. employees, their families and, potentially, all Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential disruption from three renowned innovators in technology and finance sent a shock wave through the health care sector, erasing billions in market capitalization in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six of the top ten companies with significant share declines on the Standard & Poor's 500 index were health care companies. Almost all companies in the health field were in retreat Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for a solution to the health care crises in the U.S. is intense. With about 151 million non-elderly people, employer-sponsored coverage is the largest part of the U.S. health insurance market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care costs for companies routinely rise faster than inflation and eat up bigger portions of their budgets. Americans are mired in a confusing system that creates a mix of prices in the same market for the same procedure or drug and offers no easy path for finding the best deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising costs of health care have dragged on U.S. companies, big and small, and employees are increasingly feeling that pain. Employers have hiked deductibles and other expenses for employees, meaning less spending power for almost all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 50 percent of companies with three to 49 employees offered coverage last year, according to the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation. That's down from 66 percent more than a decade ago. The federal Affordable Care Act requires all companies with 50 or more full-time employees to offer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, Berkshire and JP Morgan say they can bring their scale and \"complementary expertise\" to what they describe as a long-term campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's entry into the health market has been perceived as imminent, even though the company had announced nothing publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been watched very closely on Wall Street, which has seen Amazon disrupt numerous industries ranging from book stores to clothing chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, which mostly sold books when it was founded more than 20 years ago, has radically altered the way in which people buy diapers, toys or paper towels. Most recently it has upended the grocery sector, spending $14 billion last year for Whole Foods Market Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP writer Joseph Pisani contributed to this report from New York. Murphy reported from Indianapolis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amazon, Warren Buffett and JPMorgan are forming a new company to address the health care costs of their employees, sending shares of health care companies down sharply across the entire sector despite the vague nature of the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday Amazon's Jeff Bezos said that he, along with Buffet and JPMorgan, would attempt to make health care better for hundreds of thousands of their employees, and perhaps, eventually, the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were few details and those involved said the project is in the early planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ballooning costs of (health care) act as a hungry tapeworm on the American economy,\" said Buffett, the head of Berkshire Hathaway, in a prepared statement. \"Our group does not come to this problem with answers. But we also do not accept it as inevitable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new company will be independent and \"free from profit-making incentives and constraints.\" The businesses said the new venture's initial focus would be on technology that provides \"simplified, high-quality and transparent\" care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not clear if the ultimate goal is to eventually move beyond Amazon, Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan. However, JPMorgan Chairman and CEO Jaimie Dimon said, \"our goal is to create solutions that benefit our U.S. employees, their families and, potentially, all Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential disruption from three renowned innovators in technology and finance sent a shock wave through the health care sector, erasing billions in market capitalization in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six of the top ten companies with significant share declines on the Standard & Poor's 500 index were health care companies. Almost all companies in the health field were in retreat Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for a solution to the health care crises in the U.S. is intense. With about 151 million non-elderly people, employer-sponsored coverage is the largest part of the U.S. health insurance market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care costs for companies routinely rise faster than inflation and eat up bigger portions of their budgets. Americans are mired in a confusing system that creates a mix of prices in the same market for the same procedure or drug and offers no easy path for finding the best deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising costs of health care have dragged on U.S. companies, big and small, and employees are increasingly feeling that pain. Employers have hiked deductibles and other expenses for employees, meaning less spending power for almost all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 50 percent of companies with three to 49 employees offered coverage last year, according to the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation. That's down from 66 percent more than a decade ago. The federal Affordable Care Act requires all companies with 50 or more full-time employees to offer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, Berkshire and JP Morgan say they can bring their scale and \"complementary expertise\" to what they describe as a long-term campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's entry into the health market has been perceived as imminent, even though the company had announced nothing publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been watched very closely on Wall Street, which has seen Amazon disrupt numerous industries ranging from book stores to clothing chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, which mostly sold books when it was founded more than 20 years ago, has radically altered the way in which people buy diapers, toys or paper towels. Most recently it has upended the grocery sector, spending $14 billion last year for Whole Foods Market Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP writer Joseph Pisani contributed to this report from New York. Murphy reported from Indianapolis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "If Digital Health is the Future, the Future is Not Here. Yet.",
"title": "If Digital Health is the Future, the Future is Not Here. Yet.",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 1995, in order to educate its clients on what technology to adopt, the IT consulting firm Gartner \u003ca href=\"https://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a graph\u003c/a> illustrating the “hype cycle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model posits that when a new technology is developed, it creates a frenzy of anticipation, leading to a Peak of Inflated Expectations. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/fitbits-decline-is-a-reflection-of-the-end-of-the-over-hyped-promise-of-wearables-73823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Failing\u003c/a> to live up to its pie-in-the-sky promise, the technology then becomes the butt of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9507aK_nBHo&ab_channel=cgmcreative\">jokes and derision\u003c/a> — a Trough of Disillusionment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 506px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438726 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/gartner-for-marketers-hype-cycle.png\" alt=\"A graph showing the rise, fall, and subsequent rise of new forms of technology\" width=\"506\" height=\"259\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hype Cycle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as it improves, it reaccumulates credibility -- the Slope of Enlightenment. The technology then matures into the mainstream, where the rollercoaster lifecycle finally smooths out along the Plateau of Productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this, says Dr. Robert Wachter, author of \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/the-digital-doctor/\">The Digital Doctor\u003c/a>\" and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF, “turns out to be a perfect map for digital medicine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does This Stuff Work? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables. [But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.'\u003ccite>Dr. Brennan Spiegel, Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-017-0002-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> published this month in the journal \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em> would seem to buttress Wachter’s view. The study, conducted mostly by researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, takes a broad look at the effectiveness of wearable sensors. The study looked at 16 randomized controlled trials, published from 2000 to 2016, which researchers assessed to be high quality. To be included in the study, devices had to be non-invasive, wearable, and capable of automatically transmitting data to a web portal or mobile app for review by patients or health providers. Among the devices tested were internet-connected weight scales, blood pressure monitors and activity trackers with text-message reminders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary question researchers wanted to answer: Do these wearable biosensors make patients healthier?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not very much, was the conclusion. The analysis found no significant difference in health outcomes like weight or blood pressure between patients who used the devices and those who didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say they were not surprised, and they hope the work will pave the way for better development and use of remote health monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables,” says co-author Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research in Los Angeles. “[But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors did note some positive effect in certain cases. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/4/6229/htm\">a study\u003c/a> looking at Parkinson’s patients found a positive effect when physical therapy included devices that gave feedback about gaits; and in some trials patients did lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438738\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438738 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/6905654506_5ac041bada_k-1020x752.jpg\" alt=\"Three joggers near a body of water.\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wearing an activity tracker does not necessarily lead to more activity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The most successful studies tend to be coupled with some behavioral intervention,” Spiegel says. This added component sometimes took the form of a health coach or cognitive behavioral therapy, in addition to use of the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the greatest hurdles to efficacy in the digital health revolution may not be technical, but human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we conclude in the study is that digital health is not a computer science or an engineering science; it’s a social and behavioral science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology.'\u003ccite>Dr. Bob Wachter, author of 'The Digital Doctor'\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other recently published research, a \u003ca href=\"http://mhealth.jmir.org/2018/1/e23/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">systematic review\u003c/a> of systematic reviews, focused on mobile health interventions, most frequently involving text messaging. The analysis, published in the\u003cem> Journal of Medical Internet Research mHealth and uHealth\u003c/em>, looked at 371 studies published between 2009 and 2016, comprised of nearly 80,000 patients. The studied interventions included apps to manage chronic disease, increase treatment adherence and modify behavior. The analysis found evidence that mobile health apps helped with a variety of conditions, including symptom improvement in chronic pulmonary disease and heart failure; glycemic control in diabetes patients; and blood pressure in those with hypertension. There was also evidence that text reminders improved adherence to tuberculosis and HIV therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"cJJOGi35mjmKyVRrfPXWGXPW5fc4Gdks\"]However, the quality of the evidence for many studies was rated as generally low. Among the more rigorous studies were those that found good evidence for improvement in asthma symptoms, appointment attendance and smoking cessation rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medicine Needs to do Better. Will Technology Help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter ticked off the ways medicine is \"coming up short in what we want from it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Safety is not very good,\" he says. \"We harm and kill a lot of people because of medical mistakes. People are not very satisfied ... . Access is often quite bad. And the costs are bankrupting local governments, national governments, and businesses and individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Investors] wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.'\u003ccite>Melissa Buckley, California Health Care Foundation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And yet, “Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology,\" he says. \"Think about how manufacturing, retail, financial services, travel, journalism, pretty much every field has been overtaken by technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These manifold inefficiencies present a natural target for technologists, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have the technology trigger, a massive uptick in expectation. Then, of course, studies like [the one in \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em>] come out and it leads to a rapid downslope, that Trough of Disillusionment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wachter, as well as many other experts, believe remote sensors, mobile health and tech-enhanced medical services will play an important role in the future of medicine, because there are so many people who need help monitoring chronic disease and guidance on diet and exercise. It’s just too time-consuming and costly to always get these directly from medical professionals, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now many people take a half-day off work to go to a 15- minute visit to see the doctor. That’s crazy. How can that be the model over time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter predicts digital health devices will eventually become as indispensable as smartphones and personal assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has not happened yet in remote patient monitoring. My suspicion is that over time it probably will, but we have to learn a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Buckley is director of the Health Innovation Fund for the California Health Care Foundation, which is dedicated to improving health care for low-income state residents. The fund invests in technology and service companies it hopes will help in that mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says she’s seen companies only in the last two years try to shorten the hype cycle, which they're doing by becoming more realistic and intentional in the design and deployment of technology. She points out that some of the studies cited in the \u003cem>Digital Health \u003c/em>analysis date back to 2000, when devices were relatively primitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the initial phase of excitement over using technology to solve health problems, she says, many investors put money into simple concepts. “They wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field is learning, she believes, to be more attuned to what patients really need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But just because [some tool] is digital, we shouldn’t think it will be magically effective.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1995, in order to educate its clients on what technology to adopt, the IT consulting firm Gartner \u003ca href=\"https://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a graph\u003c/a> illustrating the “hype cycle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model posits that when a new technology is developed, it creates a frenzy of anticipation, leading to a Peak of Inflated Expectations. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/fitbits-decline-is-a-reflection-of-the-end-of-the-over-hyped-promise-of-wearables-73823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Failing\u003c/a> to live up to its pie-in-the-sky promise, the technology then becomes the butt of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9507aK_nBHo&ab_channel=cgmcreative\">jokes and derision\u003c/a> — a Trough of Disillusionment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 506px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438726 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/gartner-for-marketers-hype-cycle.png\" alt=\"A graph showing the rise, fall, and subsequent rise of new forms of technology\" width=\"506\" height=\"259\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hype Cycle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as it improves, it reaccumulates credibility -- the Slope of Enlightenment. The technology then matures into the mainstream, where the rollercoaster lifecycle finally smooths out along the Plateau of Productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this, says Dr. Robert Wachter, author of \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/the-digital-doctor/\">The Digital Doctor\u003c/a>\" and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF, “turns out to be a perfect map for digital medicine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does This Stuff Work? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables. [But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.'\u003ccite>Dr. Brennan Spiegel, Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-017-0002-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> published this month in the journal \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em> would seem to buttress Wachter’s view. The study, conducted mostly by researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, takes a broad look at the effectiveness of wearable sensors. The study looked at 16 randomized controlled trials, published from 2000 to 2016, which researchers assessed to be high quality. To be included in the study, devices had to be non-invasive, wearable, and capable of automatically transmitting data to a web portal or mobile app for review by patients or health providers. Among the devices tested were internet-connected weight scales, blood pressure monitors and activity trackers with text-message reminders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary question researchers wanted to answer: Do these wearable biosensors make patients healthier?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not very much, was the conclusion. The analysis found no significant difference in health outcomes like weight or blood pressure between patients who used the devices and those who didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say they were not surprised, and they hope the work will pave the way for better development and use of remote health monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables,” says co-author Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research in Los Angeles. “[But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors did note some positive effect in certain cases. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/4/6229/htm\">a study\u003c/a> looking at Parkinson’s patients found a positive effect when physical therapy included devices that gave feedback about gaits; and in some trials patients did lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438738\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438738 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/6905654506_5ac041bada_k-1020x752.jpg\" alt=\"Three joggers near a body of water.\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wearing an activity tracker does not necessarily lead to more activity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The most successful studies tend to be coupled with some behavioral intervention,” Spiegel says. This added component sometimes took the form of a health coach or cognitive behavioral therapy, in addition to use of the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the greatest hurdles to efficacy in the digital health revolution may not be technical, but human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we conclude in the study is that digital health is not a computer science or an engineering science; it’s a social and behavioral science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology.'\u003ccite>Dr. Bob Wachter, author of 'The Digital Doctor'\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other recently published research, a \u003ca href=\"http://mhealth.jmir.org/2018/1/e23/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">systematic review\u003c/a> of systematic reviews, focused on mobile health interventions, most frequently involving text messaging. The analysis, published in the\u003cem> Journal of Medical Internet Research mHealth and uHealth\u003c/em>, looked at 371 studies published between 2009 and 2016, comprised of nearly 80,000 patients. The studied interventions included apps to manage chronic disease, increase treatment adherence and modify behavior. The analysis found evidence that mobile health apps helped with a variety of conditions, including symptom improvement in chronic pulmonary disease and heart failure; glycemic control in diabetes patients; and blood pressure in those with hypertension. There was also evidence that text reminders improved adherence to tuberculosis and HIV therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>However, the quality of the evidence for many studies was rated as generally low. Among the more rigorous studies were those that found good evidence for improvement in asthma symptoms, appointment attendance and smoking cessation rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medicine Needs to do Better. Will Technology Help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter ticked off the ways medicine is \"coming up short in what we want from it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Safety is not very good,\" he says. \"We harm and kill a lot of people because of medical mistakes. People are not very satisfied ... . Access is often quite bad. And the costs are bankrupting local governments, national governments, and businesses and individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Investors] wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.'\u003ccite>Melissa Buckley, California Health Care Foundation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And yet, “Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology,\" he says. \"Think about how manufacturing, retail, financial services, travel, journalism, pretty much every field has been overtaken by technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These manifold inefficiencies present a natural target for technologists, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have the technology trigger, a massive uptick in expectation. Then, of course, studies like [the one in \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em>] come out and it leads to a rapid downslope, that Trough of Disillusionment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wachter, as well as many other experts, believe remote sensors, mobile health and tech-enhanced medical services will play an important role in the future of medicine, because there are so many people who need help monitoring chronic disease and guidance on diet and exercise. It’s just too time-consuming and costly to always get these directly from medical professionals, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now many people take a half-day off work to go to a 15- minute visit to see the doctor. That’s crazy. How can that be the model over time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter predicts digital health devices will eventually become as indispensable as smartphones and personal assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has not happened yet in remote patient monitoring. My suspicion is that over time it probably will, but we have to learn a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Buckley is director of the Health Innovation Fund for the California Health Care Foundation, which is dedicated to improving health care for low-income state residents. The fund invests in technology and service companies it hopes will help in that mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says she’s seen companies only in the last two years try to shorten the hype cycle, which they're doing by becoming more realistic and intentional in the design and deployment of technology. She points out that some of the studies cited in the \u003cem>Digital Health \u003c/em>analysis date back to 2000, when devices were relatively primitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the initial phase of excitement over using technology to solve health problems, she says, many investors put money into simple concepts. “They wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field is learning, she believes, to be more attuned to what patients really need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Since October, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/27/weinstein-scandal-complete-list-accusers/804663001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dozens \u003c/a>of women accused Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment, a torrent of stories about male sexual misconduct has roiled workplaces in entertainment, journalism, government and the restaurant industry. Even \u003ca href=\"https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/yoga-girl-rachel-brathen-collects-more-than-300-metoo-yoga-stories-the-community-responds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yoga teachers\u003c/a> now face a day of reckoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many women have talked about the negative impact these experiences have had on their lives, but the distress isn't just anecdotal. A growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> links workplace sexual harassment to negative psychological and physical effects, and these can have consequences years after the events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cindy Patterson, workplace sexual harassment isn't just something that happened to her 25 years ago; she says it's something that still has an impact on her life today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Were Going to Break That Glass Ceiling'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her mid-20s, Patterson landed her dream job at a financial institution in the southwest, setting her sights high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was one of the only women, and we were going to break that glass ceiling,\" says Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The office becomes a place you can’t assume your safety and go about your work; instead you’re also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault ... It exhausts you.'\u003ccite>David Spiegel, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She quickly rose through the ranks. But when a new vice president laid off many of the women and brought in his own team, Patterson says, things changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little comments like, 'Oh, I see you’ve got some assets there, Cindy,' \" she recounts. \"This one guy would just stare at my breasts, and it was just -- it's bullying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her male executive colleagues scheduled meetings at topless bars, where they'd slide their hands under her dress. And it wasn't just over cocktails -- it happened at work, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table,\" she says. \"And it did shut me up. It would throw me off my game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human resources department \u003ca href=\"http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/institutionalbetrayal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrugged off\u003c/a> her complaints. The daily incidents left her feeling “as if my skin was being ripped off.\" She lost sleep and developed stomachaches, migraines, acne and facial hair. She put on weight, then more weight. The stress, she says, contributed to an eventual divorce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I haven't worked for something like that, where it's very competitive, again,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Body Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts in sexual harassment say they frequently hear victims report similar health consequences to those that Cindy Patterson describes. Even seemingly innocuous or occasional harassment can lead to a myriad of \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://ww2.cas.sc.edu/psyc/sites/default/files/directory_files/Schneider,%2520Swan,%2520Fitzgerald%25201997%2520JAP.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm05LK0EMFmG75BeKNvztw-G5qb76A&nossl=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects\u003c/a>, such as anxiety, headaches, sleep disorders, weight loss or gain, nausea, lowered self-esteem and sexual dysfunction. Victims also tend to have higher rates of absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"FOa5ozgC4Gzm2fPJBl7cvueZdFRgH7yF\"]There's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3227029/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that sexual harassment early in one's career can lead to depression down the road. Some experts have argued that sexual harassment can lead to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11936724\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uncontrollable and unpredictable stressful experiences have very negative effects on people’s brains and bodies,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, who teaches in the psychiatry department at Harvard Medical School and is an expert on the neurobiology of trauma and sexual assault. “These are things that affect our identity, our sense of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's in Our DNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are wired to respond to threatening behavior, and even a lewd comment can kick our defense circuitry into gear, says\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-spiegel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> David Spiegel\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist and stress expert at Stanford University. The moment an ostensibly safe space like an office becomes sexualized, he says, it can set off an internal alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn't surprised that Patterson suffered extreme stress from comments and groping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that moment, she's beginning to think that she's not just uncomfortable but potentially in danger,\" he says. \"Even if the harassment is primarily psychological, it's suggesting unwelcome sexual activity, which arouses a physical response to a physical threat. That stirs up your fight-or-flight reaction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in any potentially dangerous situation, sexual harassment triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol, which quickens heart rate and raises blood pressure, muscle tension and blood glucose levels. The response is evolutionary: The extra energy fuels our ability to flee or do combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An occasional spike in stress hormones isn't harmful, Spiegel says, but if a victim starts living in a chronic state of high alert, it can be toxic to the nervous system. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The office becomes a place you can't assume your safety and go about your work; instead you're also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault,\" Spiegel says. \"This chronic activation of the nervous system can lead to a kind of burnout, where your body is overreacting much of the time, and it exhausts you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shutting Down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson wasn't only living on high alert. When groped, she would freeze up. Spiegel calls this response speechless terror. He says the emotional center, the limbic system, kicks the analytical part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, into overdrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The emotional part of the brain is hijacking the rest of the brain for a while because you’re having such a strong reaction,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Patterson's case, she stopped talking at meetings altogether to avoid the possibility of getting silenced involuntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long-Term Consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I used to think that although [it was] unpleasant, I was above it, stronger than the harassment,\" says Patterson. \"But later I realized how it had impacted how I acted at work and the choices I made in my career and in my personal life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 25 years later, Patterson believes she is still paying for what happened those two excruciating years. Since then, she has struggled with weight gain, and she was recently diagnosed with heart disease, which she believes may be related to the extreme stress she was under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It becomes this sort of non-reversing cycle of feeling worse about yourself, doing things that make you physically worse and restrict your other options in life,\" Spiegel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson does, however, find all the current attention on sexual harassment to be healing. She hopes the glass ceiling -- the one she planned to break in the 80s -- may be shattered by the #MeToo voices that are finally getting their say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since October, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/people/2017/10/27/weinstein-scandal-complete-list-accusers/804663001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dozens \u003c/a>of women accused Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein of sexual harassment, a torrent of stories about male sexual misconduct has roiled workplaces in entertainment, journalism, government and the restaurant industry. Even \u003ca href=\"https://www.yogajournal.com/lifestyle/yoga-girl-rachel-brathen-collects-more-than-300-metoo-yoga-stories-the-community-responds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yoga teachers\u003c/a> now face a day of reckoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Many women have talked about the negative impact these experiences have had on their lives, but the distress isn't just anecdotal. A growing body of \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3884002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research\u003c/a> links workplace sexual harassment to negative psychological and physical effects, and these can have consequences years after the events occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cindy Patterson, workplace sexual harassment isn't just something that happened to her 25 years ago; she says it's something that still has an impact on her life today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Were Going to Break That Glass Ceiling'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her mid-20s, Patterson landed her dream job at a financial institution in the southwest, setting her sights high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was one of the only women, and we were going to break that glass ceiling,\" says Patterson.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The office becomes a place you can’t assume your safety and go about your work; instead you’re also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault ... It exhausts you.'\u003ccite>David Spiegel, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She quickly rose through the ranks. But when a new vice president laid off many of the women and brought in his own team, Patterson says, things changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Little comments like, 'Oh, I see you’ve got some assets there, Cindy,' \" she recounts. \"This one guy would just stare at my breasts, and it was just -- it's bullying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her male executive colleagues scheduled meetings at topless bars, where they'd slide their hands under her dress. And it wasn't just over cocktails -- it happened at work, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they wanted to shut me up, they’d touch me under the table,\" she says. \"And it did shut me up. It would throw me off my game.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The human resources department \u003ca href=\"http://dynamic.uoregon.edu/jjf/institutionalbetrayal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shrugged off\u003c/a> her complaints. The daily incidents left her feeling “as if my skin was being ripped off.\" She lost sleep and developed stomachaches, migraines, acne and facial hair. She put on weight, then more weight. The stress, she says, contributed to an eventual divorce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I haven't worked for something like that, where it's very competitive, again,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Body Reacts\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts in sexual harassment say they frequently hear victims report similar health consequences to those that Cindy Patterson describes. Even seemingly innocuous or occasional harassment can lead to a myriad of \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.google.com/scholar_url?url=https://ww2.cas.sc.edu/psyc/sites/default/files/directory_files/Schneider,%2520Swan,%2520Fitzgerald%25201997%2520JAP.pdf&hl=en&sa=X&scisig=AAGBfm05LK0EMFmG75BeKNvztw-G5qb76A&nossl=1&oi=scholarr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">health effects\u003c/a>, such as anxiety, headaches, sleep disorders, weight loss or gain, nausea, lowered self-esteem and sexual dysfunction. Victims also tend to have higher rates of absenteeism and decreased job satisfaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>There's \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3227029/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence\u003c/a> that sexual harassment early in one's career can lead to depression down the road. Some experts have argued that sexual harassment can lead to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11936724\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">post-traumatic stress disorder\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uncontrollable and unpredictable stressful experiences have very negative effects on people’s brains and bodies,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimhopper.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Hopper\u003c/a>, who teaches in the psychiatry department at Harvard Medical School and is an expert on the neurobiology of trauma and sexual assault. “These are things that affect our identity, our sense of who we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's in Our DNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are wired to respond to threatening behavior, and even a lewd comment can kick our defense circuitry into gear, says\u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/david-spiegel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> David Spiegel\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist and stress expert at Stanford University. The moment an ostensibly safe space like an office becomes sexualized, he says, it can set off an internal alarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn't surprised that Patterson suffered extreme stress from comments and groping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From that moment, she's beginning to think that she's not just uncomfortable but potentially in danger,\" he says. \"Even if the harassment is primarily psychological, it's suggesting unwelcome sexual activity, which arouses a physical response to a physical threat. That stirs up your fight-or-flight reaction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As in any potentially dangerous situation, sexual harassment triggers the release of adrenaline and cortisol, which quickens heart rate and raises blood pressure, muscle tension and blood glucose levels. The response is evolutionary: The extra energy fuels our ability to flee or do combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An occasional spike in stress hormones isn't harmful, Spiegel says, but if a victim starts living in a chronic state of high alert, it can be toxic to the nervous system. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The office becomes a place you can't assume your safety and go about your work; instead you're also worrying about the potential for psychological or physical assault,\" Spiegel says. \"This chronic activation of the nervous system can lead to a kind of burnout, where your body is overreacting much of the time, and it exhausts you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shutting Down\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson wasn't only living on high alert. When groped, she would freeze up. Spiegel calls this response speechless terror. He says the emotional center, the limbic system, kicks the analytical part of the brain, the prefrontal cortex, into overdrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The emotional part of the brain is hijacking the rest of the brain for a while because you’re having such a strong reaction,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Patterson's case, she stopped talking at meetings altogether to avoid the possibility of getting silenced involuntarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long-Term Consequences\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I used to think that although [it was] unpleasant, I was above it, stronger than the harassment,\" says Patterson. \"But later I realized how it had impacted how I acted at work and the choices I made in my career and in my personal life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 25 years later, Patterson believes she is still paying for what happened those two excruciating years. Since then, she has struggled with weight gain, and she was recently diagnosed with heart disease, which she believes may be related to the extreme stress she was under.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It becomes this sort of non-reversing cycle of feeling worse about yourself, doing things that make you physically worse and restrict your other options in life,\" Spiegel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson does, however, find all the current attention on sexual harassment to be healing. She hopes the glass ceiling -- the one she planned to break in the 80s -- may be shattered by the #MeToo voices that are finally getting their say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>If you’re experiencing sexual harassment or assault, you can call the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rainn.org/about-national-sexual-assault-telephone-hotline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Sexual Assault Hotline\u003c/a> at 1-800-656-HOPE (4673). The call is free and anything you share is confidential. A trained staff member will help you find local resources like counseling and support groups, and will answer questions about medical concerns. You can also get information about local harassment laws.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
"title": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Bv07QyLXQ031CUEZCQOytRKusurX2p1i\"]A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jHMWEkOPxg4IYTLSL83TfP2I7GjhjcyI\"]That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=59&v=FjXiRx7DvzQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?",
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"description": "Fourteen years after Calif. voters approved $3 billion in funding to create a state stem cell agency, backers are planning to ask the public to pony up again. What achievements will they be able to point to?",
"title": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More? | KQED",
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"headline": "Calif. Stem Cell Agency Has Yet to Fund an FDA-Approved Cure. Will Voters Give It $5 Billion More?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The year was 2004, and great medical breakthroughs were supposedly right around the corner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In TV advertisements, celebrities\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Michael J. Fox\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://preview-archives.nbclearn.com/portal/site/k-12/browse/?cuecard=4336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Reeve, \u003c/a>both suffering from incurable conditions, touted the promise of stem cell research, which could lead to a plethora of cures for life-threatening diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Will California's appetite for funding stem cell research last?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The ads ran in support of \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 71\u003c/a>, a $3 billion California bond measure that would create the first state-funded stem cell agency in the nation. Three years earlier, the George W. Bush administration had \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=79025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued\u003c/a> rules to limit use of stem cells obtained from human embryos. But California voters easily passed Proposition 71, 59-41 percent. The California Institute for Regenerative Medicine, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CIRM\u003c/a>, was born. Its mission: to fund and accelerate stem-cell-related treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fourteen years and billions of dollars later, the agency is running out of money, and backers of stem cell research \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/stem-cell-agency-nears-5-billion-ballot-plan/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">plan\u003c/a> on asking California voters to pony up for round two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those stem cell breakthroughs?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still right around the corner. Or, if you're an optimist, perhaps rounding it, now.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Promising but as yet unapproved therapies funded by CIRM\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Slowing or reversing \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">retinitis pigmentosa\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>New shunt for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">kidney dialysis patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Gene therapy for children with no \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">functioning immune system\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Help for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/04/spinal-patients-continue-remarkable-recovery-after-stem-cell-injections-company-says/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spinal-injury victims\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Lab-modified cells to treat \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/2017/07/20/stem-cell-agency-funds-phase-3-clinical-trial-for-lou-gehrigs-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ALS patients\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cell research proponents — including the same advocacy group that backed Proposition 71 — want to ask voters in the November 2020 election for $5 billion in bond money to continue the work of CIRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For voters, there will be one major question, according to Zev Yaroslavsky, an expert on state politics and government at UCLA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The public will want to know what they’ve gotten for their money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_188656\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 351px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-188656\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/06/StemCells-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 at the Stem Cell Research Proposition Party at the Biltmore Hotel Nov. 2, 2004 in Los Angeles, California.\" width=\"351\" height=\"234\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Buttons with the slogan 'Save Lives With Stem Cells,' in support of Prop. 71 in 2004. \u003ccite>(Frazer Harrison/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yaroslavsky expects to see plenty of funding measures on the 2020 ballot, including a parks bond and money for open space and schools, not to mention repeal of the gas tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At what point do people start to vote no on everything?\" Yaroslavsky said. \"Or prioritize which of those many good causes they want to spend their money on?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_262540\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-262540\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/10/HumanEScellsintoneurons-400x368.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human embryonic stem cells differentiating into neurons \u003ccite>(Guoping Fan/UCLA/CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Robert Klein, who spearheaded the original 2004 ballot measure and served as the CIRM board's first chairman, still heads the advocacy group, \u003ca href=\"https://americansforcures.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Americans for Cures\u003c/a>, that pushed Proposition 71. Medical science isn't exactly his field — he's president of a Palo Alto-based real estate development firm — but he got involved in stem cell funding because of his son's Type 1 diabetes, which is incurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said re-funding the stem cell agency is not just a good cause, but good business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It has been a creator of jobs, and the state benefits from taxes by attracting research centers here,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/about_cirm/Econ_Impact_REPORT_updated_2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">independent review\u003c/a> commissioned by CIRM and looking forward through 2014 estimated that its grants plus matching funds would result in an average of over 4,000 jobs created per year, and $205 million in state tax revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the proposed new funding, Klein said the $5 billion bond cost would be amortized over 40 years, so it’s not a huge cost compared to other government projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look, we paid \u003ca href=\"https://www.citylab.com/equity/2015/10/from-250-million-to-65-billion-the-bay-bridge-cost-overrun/410254/\">$6.5 billion\u003c/a> just to fix the eastern span of the Bay Bridge,” Klein said. “That’s road infrastructure — this is more like [funding] the intellectual infrastructure of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where Are the Cures?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can be transformed into specific tissue and organ cells. The 2004 ballot initiative struck an emotional chord, in part because of the high-profile cases of actors Reeve and Fox, who personified the hope that the cells could play a role in new therapies for incurable medical conditions. Reeve, who died in 2004, became a quadriplegic after injuring his spine in a horse-riding accident; Fox has Parkinson’s, a neurodegenerative disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Fox's \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fK9Eg0GVl7Q\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30-second spot\u003c/a>, he used the word “cures” three times.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/fK9Eg0GVl7Q'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>So has CIRM produced any cures?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family of 5-year-old \u003ca href=\"https://blog.cirm.ca.gov/tag/evangelina-padilla-vaccaro/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro\u003c/a> would say yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was born with a rare genetic condition called Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, or\u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SCID\u003c/a>, also known as “bubble baby” disease. The ailment renders a patient's immune system nonfunctioning. The National Institutes of Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/13014325/learning-about-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid/#al-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimates\u003c/a> approximately 40 to 100 children in the U.S. each year are diagnosed with the malady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of UCLA clinical researchers, partially funded by CIRM, genetically modified Evangelina’s own blood stem cells to correct the SCID mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was cured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evangelina was the first to undergo the treatment, back when she was just a few months old. And now, CIRM says, at least 40 other children have been cured with the same procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438299\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg\" alt=\"Baby in a hospital bed\" width=\"576\" height=\"768\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment.jpg 576w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-240x320.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-375x500.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/evangelina_treatment-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina being treated by Don Kohn and his team in 2012. \u003ccite>(UCLA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Despite this success, the SCID trial is only in Phase 2. CIRM has only two trials in Phase 3, a necessary step before FDA approval: one testing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/12/new-stem-cell-technology-could-make-life-easier-for-kidney-disease-patients/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new port\u003c/a> for kidney dialysis patients that is made out of human tissue and would not have to be replaced; and one that aims to\u003ca href=\"http://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/newsroom/press-releases/07202017/phase-3-clinical-trial-targeting-lou-gehrigs-disease\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> slow down\u003c/a> the progression of Lou Gehrig's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other promising CIRM-funded therapies include slowing or \u003ca href=\"https://newswise.com/articles/jcyte-presents-results-of-clinical-testing-in-retinitis-pigmentosa2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reversing\u003c/a> retinitis pigmentosa, a genetic abnormality that destroys a person’s sight; and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/10/26/paralyzed-patients-regain-movement-in-stem-cell-trial-is-it-too-early-to-celebrate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">injecting stem cells\u003c/a> into patients with severe spinal injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA has made several of these therapies eligible for priority review by granting them Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/BiologicsBloodVaccines/CellularGeneTherapyProducts/ucm537670.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">RMAT\u003c/a>, status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinical trials and research in less-advanced stages are ongoing for many other \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/grants\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diseases and conditions\u003c/a>, including brain cancer, diabetes and HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the fact remains: Although this could change in the run-up to the election, no CIRM-funded stem cell treatment has yet to be approved by the FDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miracles Capture the Imagination\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even outside of CIRM, only a handful of stem cell-related therapies have been approved for general use. Yet, stem cell research has captured the public's imagination with flashes of the miraculous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438300\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg\" alt=\"Middle aged man looks at camera.\" width=\"594\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631.jpg 594w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/GettyImages-149183631-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Timothy Ray Brown, known as the 'Berlin patient' and the only person to have been cured of AIDS, at a press conference in 2012. \u003ccite>(T.J. Kirkpatrick/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Timothy Ray Brown, the famous \"\u003ca href=\"http://defeathiv.org/berlin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin patient\u003c/a>,\" for example, is an HIV patient who received a bone marrow transplant from a donor with a genetic mutation that endowed resistance to HIV. The transplant effectively cured Brown of the disease. However, there are currently a dearth of potential donors with the correct mutation, so researchers hope to create them, for use in patients' blood systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bubble baby breakthrough and positive initial results in other CIRM-funded trials are strong selling points, said David Jensen, a journalist who covers stem cell research and writes a blog called \u003ca href=\"http://californiastemcellreport.blogspot.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Stem Cell Report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some things CIRM can point to that are really impressive,\" Jensen said. \"It’s a pretty big deal in the world of science. It's the largest single source of funding for embryonic stem cell research in the world, and that’s no small thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That doesn't necessarily mean voters will agree to re-fund it, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin McCormack, CIRM’s director of public communications and patient advocate outreach, said there's still time for CIRM to make a bigger splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve still got two more years,” McCormack said. “By 2020 I think people will see that CIRM-funded therapies are not just changing lives but saving lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Overpromising: Something CIRM Has 'Had to Live With'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein, the backer of Proposition 71, said the 2004 campaign never promised cures during the lifetime of the stem cell agency, only progress toward attaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we put in the ballot arguments is that we had to make major progress in mitigating disease, and moving toward cures,” Klein said. He feels that certainly has been achieved— and more. “In terms of progress toward the ultimate goal of cures, it’s remarkable what progress has been made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I look back, I think we have out-achieved the representations we put on the ballot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even CIRM's McCormack has said, in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/22/stem-cells-where-science-hope-and-hype-meet/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview with KQED\u003c/a> in 2016, that overpromising by the Proposition 71 campaign is \"something [CIRM] has had to live with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition during the \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_71,_Stem_Cell_Research_(2004)\">first ballot measure\u003c/a> was based mostly on religious concerns about using embryonic stem cells, on the large amount of money (the $3 billion price tag actually costs taxpayers $6 billion when interest is included) and on the lack of any guarantees of specific achievements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jensen expects religious objections to resurface when the election campaigns ramp up — but that those might not gain traction, because the field has expanded into adult and \u003ca href=\"https://stemcell.ucla.edu/induced-pluripotent-stem-cells\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">induced pluripotent stem cells\u003c/a> in addition to embryonic cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438301\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 570px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-438301\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"570\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover.png 570w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-160x168.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-240x253.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-375x395.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/cured_ar_2016_cover-520x547.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro on the cover of CIRM's \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/about-cirm/cirm-annual-reports\">2016 Annual Report\u003c/a>. \u003ccite>(CIRM)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And since the poster child for stem cell success could very well be the pint-sized and happy-faced Evangelina Padilla-Vaccaro, it may be hard to argue that these concerns outweigh not having to live in a bubble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, how can you be against that?\" Jensen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some opposition has sprung up even inside the medical community. Barbara Koenig, head of the bioethics program at UCSF, pointed to ongoing concerns about conflict of interest at the agency — 90 percent of all spending benefited organizations that have been represented on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/board-and-meetings/list-icoc-members\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">governing board\u003c/a>, Jensen has been \u003ca href=\"http://capitolweekly.net/californias-stem-cell-agency-future-uncertain/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting\u003c/a>— and the public governance that she said has been lacking. (McCormack said the expansion of companies involved in stem cell research has resulted in broader distribution of funds. He also pointed to CIRM's adoption of more stringent\u003ca href=\"https://govt.westlaw.com/calregs/Document/ICD886A9181574C3BADD5946217E13F00?viewType=FullText&originationContext=documenttoc&transitionType=CategoryPageItem&contextData=(sc.Default)&bhcp=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> conflict-of-interest policies \u003c/a>in 2013.)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I didn’t like the over-hyping of the immediate idea that [in 2004] there were cures around the corner. I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.'\u003ccite>Barbara Koenig, UCSF bioethics program\u003cbr>\n\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Koenig supports stem cell research, but voted against the measure in 2004. And she has serious concerns about its possible renewal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t like the overhyping of the immediate idea that there were cures around the corner,” Koenig said. “I think we need to be honest about how we’re investing in research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ask Koenig how she might use that proposed $5 billion differently, and she responds with a moment of stunned silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my, so many things,” she said. “I would try to figure out how to make sure every child in California has access to basic health services, nutrition, clean water . . . not just make high-priced products, but to improve public health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said stem cell research \"privileges these quick-fix biotech approaches, which may make a lot of money but may not benefit the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bioethicist, Jodi Halpern of UC Berkeley, said the ballot initiative process is no place for a basic state spending decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why isn’t this a legislative issue?” Halpern asked. “We elect the Legislature to decide where California is going to spend its money. Putting this on the ballot, making it an emotional issue rather than just a financial one, that doesn’t sit right with me.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/FjXiRx7DvzQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Concerns vs. Cures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CIRM’s McCormack said he understands the concerns about state funding, but he said he's seen too much good come from the agency to see it wither on the budget-bickering vine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are helping change the face of medicine,” he said. “We have so many clinical trials in the pipeline . . . that will pay off with therapies to help people who right now don’t have much of a chance for help, people with unmet medical needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its current spending pace, CIRM will run out of money by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agedna_Item_%234_FINAL%20Dec%202017%20President%20Report%5B7%5D.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of 2019\u003c/a> — roughly a year before the proposed ballot measure vote. At its December 2017 board meeting, one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cirm.ca.gov/sites/default/files/files/agenda/171214_Agenda_Item_%236_Presentation_Draft_1%5B2%5D_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">topics\u003c/a> for discussion was how to slow that spending and extend the agency’s grant-making till the end of 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Board members and staffers aren’t involved in the proposed ballot measure, but they’re obviously keen on it, McCormack said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein said he commissioned a survey to gauge interest and attitudes toward re-funding the agency. He said the numbers are strongly positive, but he has not released those results. There have been no other California polls on the topic since 2004, according to Jensen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if voter attitudes are overwhelmingly favorable toward stem cell research, proponents may find that goodwill might wilt when it comes to passing a ballot measure, UCLA’s Yaroslavsky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People do see stem cell research as something they have a stake in, but you’re going to have to explain what we got with the first $3 billion. I suspect their case with the voters will be that we need to keep momentum going. But the question is, 'Will they buy it?' ”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What the Fitbit Saw During That 4.4 Quake",
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"content": "\u003cp>Some of the most useful new research on earthquakes might be coming from -- well, you, via your smartphone and wearable activity tracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Berkeley users, near the epicenter, got the biggest wake-up call, according to Fitbit.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a magnitude 4.4 quake \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/04/rude-awakening-moderate-quake-rattles-east-bay-overnight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jolted people out of their beds\u003c/a> around the Bay Area last week, some of those folks had smartphones that were already at work sending data to scientists via the \u003ca href=\"http://myshake.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyShake app\u003c/a> developed at the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Seismological Lab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Richard Allen, who heads the lab, instantaneous data came in from 59 phones armed with the app, which uses built-in motion sensors to detect the strength of the shaking and transmit the data to scientists. They can use that data to produce useful maps of the temblor's reach and impact. The app responds so quickly to a quake's first vibrations, that at some point in the next few years, plans are to make it part of a phone-based warning system that can alert users to quakes seconds before the shaking starts where they are.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i-UH6oEx5JI&w=560&h=315]Allen was impressed that readings came in from phones farther than 60 miles from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data is really clean for this event,\" wrote Allen in an email, \"which encourages us that we can use this for research purposes, and eventually earthquake early warning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MyShake app is currently available only for Android phones. But potentially useful data is beginning to come in from other sources that weren't developed with earthquakes in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Of Fitbits and Fitfulness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fitbit.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fitbit\u003c/a> series of wearable activity trackers say that when the quake struck, they also got a burst of data. Since the devices also track sleep patterns, they inferred from that data that about 4-in-10 of their Bay Area users were awakened by the quake, which struck at 2:39 a.m. Thursday near the historic Claremont Hotel in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to say how many Bay Area users it has, but a Fitbit spokeswoman told KQED that the numbers are based on \"a representative sample of tens of thousands of aggregated and anonymous Fitbit user data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 858px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438281 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png\" alt=\"Fitbit quake graph\" width=\"858\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png 858w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-160x82.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-800x409.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-768x393.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-240x123.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-375x192.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-520x266.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spike in graph shows people waking up as the Jan. 4 M4.4 quake shook the Bay Area, as registered by Fitbit devices. Click to enlarge. \u003ccite>(Fitbit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Analysts at the San Francisco-based company could virtually map the epicenter of the quake by looking at the proportion of Fitbit users awakened in various locations. As one would expect, Berkeley users had the biggest wake-up call, with the percentage of wakeful customers leaping from 8 percent to 52 percent as soon as the Hayward Fault started slipping. (The fact that even 8 percent were already awake might imply that Fitbit has a loyal following among insomniacs.) The farther from the epicenter, the fewer Fitbit users were jarred awake -- just 18 percent in San Jose, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear what value this kind of data might have for seismic research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Smartphone data has been quite useful for us at the [lab] so far, and other techniques such as using fiber optic cables are showing promise as well for seismology,\" notes Jennifer Strauss, who is in charge of outreach at the Berkeley lab. \"So, it would be very interesting to explore how other crowdsourced data can be used for earthquake science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit analysts also noted that even relatively benign earthquakes can be night-wreckers, as it took an hour for most awakened users to return to \"normal sleep,\" and 90 minutes before those rocked out of bed achieved the REM stage of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some of the most useful new research on earthquakes might be coming from -- well, you, via your smartphone and wearable activity tracker.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Berkeley users, near the epicenter, got the biggest wake-up call, according to Fitbit.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a magnitude 4.4 quake \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/04/rude-awakening-moderate-quake-rattles-east-bay-overnight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">jolted people out of their beds\u003c/a> around the Bay Area last week, some of those folks had smartphones that were already at work sending data to scientists via the \u003ca href=\"http://myshake.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyShake app\u003c/a> developed at the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley Seismological Lab\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Richard Allen, who heads the lab, instantaneous data came in from 59 phones armed with the app, which uses built-in motion sensors to detect the strength of the shaking and transmit the data to scientists. They can use that data to produce useful maps of the temblor's reach and impact. The app responds so quickly to a quake's first vibrations, that at some point in the next few years, plans are to make it part of a phone-based warning system that can alert users to quakes seconds before the shaking starts where they are.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/i-UH6oEx5JI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/i-UH6oEx5JI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Allen was impressed that readings came in from phones farther than 60 miles from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data is really clean for this event,\" wrote Allen in an email, \"which encourages us that we can use this for research purposes, and eventually earthquake early warning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The MyShake app is currently available only for Android phones. But potentially useful data is beginning to come in from other sources that weren't developed with earthquakes in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Of Fitbits and Fitfulness\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developers of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fitbit.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fitbit\u003c/a> series of wearable activity trackers say that when the quake struck, they also got a burst of data. Since the devices also track sleep patterns, they inferred from that data that about 4-in-10 of their Bay Area users were awakened by the quake, which struck at 2:39 a.m. Thursday near the historic Claremont Hotel in Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to say how many Bay Area users it has, but a Fitbit spokeswoman told KQED that the numbers are based on \"a representative sample of tens of thousands of aggregated and anonymous Fitbit user data.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 858px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438281 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png\" alt=\"Fitbit quake graph\" width=\"858\" height=\"439\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104.png 858w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-160x82.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-800x409.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-768x393.png 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-240x123.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-375x192.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/FitbitWakes_180104-520x266.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 858px) 100vw, 858px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spike in graph shows people waking up as the Jan. 4 M4.4 quake shook the Bay Area, as registered by Fitbit devices. Click to enlarge. \u003ccite>(Fitbit)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Analysts at the San Francisco-based company could virtually map the epicenter of the quake by looking at the proportion of Fitbit users awakened in various locations. As one would expect, Berkeley users had the biggest wake-up call, with the percentage of wakeful customers leaping from 8 percent to 52 percent as soon as the Hayward Fault started slipping. (The fact that even 8 percent were already awake might imply that Fitbit has a loyal following among insomniacs.) The farther from the epicenter, the fewer Fitbit users were jarred awake -- just 18 percent in San Jose, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still unclear what value this kind of data might have for seismic research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Smartphone data has been quite useful for us at the [lab] so far, and other techniques such as using fiber optic cables are showing promise as well for seismology,\" notes Jennifer Strauss, who is in charge of outreach at the Berkeley lab. \"So, it would be very interesting to explore how other crowdsourced data can be used for earthquake science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fitbit analysts also noted that even relatively benign earthquakes can be night-wreckers, as it took an hour for most awakened users to return to \"normal sleep,\" and 90 minutes before those rocked out of bed achieved the REM stage of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"big-cap-wrap danger-zone\">\u003cspan class=\"big-cap\">W\u003c/span>ith this week’s bellicose boasting about who has the bigger red button on his desk, an alert Thursday from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention felt more than a bit on the nose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"m_-3376017972562176062gmail-danger-zone danger-zone\">With the prospect of actual nuclear war breaking out between North Korea and the United States seeming ever more real, the CDC is moving to prepare health professionals and others on what the public health response would be to a nuclear detonation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"m_-3376017972562176062gmail-danger-zone danger-zone\">The CDC announced it is staging a grand rounds — a teaching session — on the topic. The target audience: doctors, nurses, epidemiologists, pharmacists, veterinarians, certified health education specialists, laboratory scientists, and others. The event will be held \u003cspan class=\"aBn\">\u003cspan class=\"aQJ\">Jan. 16\u003c/span>\u003c/span>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">A spokesperson for the agency said planning for the event has been underway for months — in fact, since CDC officials took part in a\u003cb> \u003c/b>“radiation/nuclear incident exercise” led by the Federal Emergency Management Agency last April, Kathy Harben said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">“CDC participants felt it would be a good way to discuss public health preparedness and share resources with states and other partners. State and local partners also have expressed interest in this topic over time,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">Still, the timing of the announcement was eerie, coming on the heels of back-to-back threats exchanged between North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Join us for this session of Grand Rounds to learn what public health programs have done on a federal, state, and local level to prepare for a nuclear detonation,” urges the CDC email advising people on one of the agency’s mailing lists about the session. “Learn how planning and preparation efforts for a nuclear detonation are similar and different from other emergency response planning efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">holds grand rounds\u003c/a> virtually monthly on topics such as birth defects prevention, diseases spread by ticks, and sodium reduction. A previous grand rounds on \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/2010/03-March.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radiological and nuclear disaster preparedness\u003c/a> was offered in March 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The titles of several of the talks that will make up the session are enough to give one pause, including “Preparing for the Unthinkable,” and “Roadmap to Radiation Preparedness.” Equally unsettling is the image of a nuclear mushroom cloud on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/2018/January2018.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">webpage\u003c/a> advertising the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While a nuclear detonation is unlikely, it would have devastating results and there would be a limited time to take critical protection steps,” the agency said. “Despite the fear surrounding such an event, planning and preparation can lessen deaths and illness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, most people don’t realize that sheltering in place for at least 24 hours is crucial to saving lives and reducing exposure to radiation. While federal, state and local agencies will lead the immediate response efforts, public health will play a key role in responding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/2018/January2018.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">webcast live\u003c/a> from the CDC headquarters in Atlanta, and the will be posted on the grand rounds archive page a few days later that week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/01/04/cdc-nuclear-war-grand-rounds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">Still, the timing of the announcement was eerie, coming on the heels of back-to-back threats exchanged between North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Join us for this session of Grand Rounds to learn what public health programs have done on a federal, state, and local level to prepare for a nuclear detonation,” urges the CDC email advising people on one of the agency’s mailing lists about the session. “Learn how planning and preparation efforts for a nuclear detonation are similar and different from other emergency response planning efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">holds grand rounds\u003c/a> virtually monthly on topics such as birth defects prevention, diseases spread by ticks, and sodium reduction. A previous grand rounds on \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/2010/03-March.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">radiological and nuclear disaster preparedness\u003c/a> was offered in March 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The titles of several of the talks that will make up the session are enough to give one pause, including “Preparing for the Unthinkable,” and “Roadmap to Radiation Preparedness.” Equally unsettling is the image of a nuclear mushroom cloud on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/2018/January2018.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">webpage\u003c/a> advertising the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While a nuclear detonation is unlikely, it would have devastating results and there would be a limited time to take critical protection steps,” the agency said. “Despite the fear surrounding such an event, planning and preparation can lessen deaths and illness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For instance, most people don’t realize that sheltering in place for at least 24 hours is crucial to saving lives and reducing exposure to radiation. While federal, state and local agencies will lead the immediate response efforts, public health will play a key role in responding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event will be \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/cdcgrandrounds/archives/2018/January2018.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">webcast live\u003c/a> from the CDC headquarters in Atlanta, and the will be posted on the grand rounds archive page a few days later that week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2018/01/04/cdc-nuclear-war-grand-rounds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Daughter Helps Create Her Mother's Death Experience (Video)",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W86mLuvWU30&list=PLScdkSzWmRHz8HIA-v1MiTwla5jhqqpMn\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a professional designer, Elaine Fong has worked with many brands. But, she asked at this \u003ca href=\"https://www.tedxsanfrancisco.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TEDx San Francisco\u003c/a> talk in October, \"What happens when the experience you've been asked to design is death, and the face behind that brand is your very own mother?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'She was so happy. She was glowing the whole night.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The question presented itself to Fong and her family after her mother was diagnosed with stage 4 cancer and decided to forego her remaining months of life, as was her right under Washington state's \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Death With Dignity Act. \u003c/a>The law allows patients with less than six months to live to end their lives by taking a lethal dose of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-minute presentation above encompasses all the aching drama and emotional devastation you might find in such a situation, including a doctor who won't sign off on her mother's request and her mom's description of what it's like to suffer from stage 4 cancer: \"My bones are on fire and everywhere under my skin is burning, and every time I move it just makes it worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you could design your own death, what would you want the experience to be like, and how would you want it to feel?'\u003ccite>Elaine Fong, TEDx presenter\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yet, there are beautiful and even celebratory moments, too\u003cb>. \u003c/b>Because her mother was able to choose the time and place of her death, the family was able to help her experience her last days exactly as she wished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was so happy,\" Fong says of her mom's mood during a dinner party the night before her death. \"She was glowing the whole night.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, her mom took a cupful of medication, \"with two hands, and pounded it like a shot of whiskey. She looked at my dad and smiled, closed her eyes, and in 45 minutes, she was gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of a very few TED talks we have published this year. I saw it live, surrounded by weeping audience members, and it was not hard to imagine many thinking seriously about Fong's\u003cb> \u003c/b>challenge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you could design your own death, what would you want the experience to be like, and how would you want it to feel?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct/DeathwithDignityData\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual reports\u003c/a> compiled by Washington's department of health, the number of state residents who have opted to take lethal medication under the Death With Dignity Act has risen from 36 in 2009 to 192 in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of \u003ca href=\"https://www.deathwithdignity.org/learn/death-with-dignity-acts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">states\u003c/a>, including\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/06/07/physician-assisted-suicide-has-been-legal-in-california-for-a-year-hows-it-going/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California\u003c/a>, have passed similar legislation, and many legislatures \u003ca href=\"https://www.deathwithdignity.org/take-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the country\u003c/a> are currently considering their own versions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How would \u003cem>you\u003c/em> design your own death?\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/W86mLuvWU30'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/W86mLuvWU30'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>As a professional designer, Elaine Fong has worked with many brands. But, she asked at this \u003ca href=\"https://www.tedxsanfrancisco.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TEDx San Francisco\u003c/a> talk in October, \"What happens when the experience you've been asked to design is death, and the face behind that brand is your very own mother?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'She was so happy. She was glowing the whole night.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The question presented itself to Fong and her family after her mother was diagnosed with stage 4 cancer and decided to forego her remaining months of life, as was her right under Washington state's \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Death With Dignity Act. \u003c/a>The law allows patients with less than six months to live to end their lives by taking a lethal dose of medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-minute presentation above encompasses all the aching drama and emotional devastation you might find in such a situation, including a doctor who won't sign off on her mother's request and her mom's description of what it's like to suffer from stage 4 cancer: \"My bones are on fire and everywhere under my skin is burning, and every time I move it just makes it worse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you could design your own death, what would you want the experience to be like, and how would you want it to feel?'\u003ccite>Elaine Fong, TEDx presenter\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Yet, there are beautiful and even celebratory moments, too\u003cb>. \u003c/b>Because her mother was able to choose the time and place of her death, the family was able to help her experience her last days exactly as she wished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was so happy,\" Fong says of her mom's mood during a dinner party the night before her death. \"She was glowing the whole night.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next day, her mom took a cupful of medication, \"with two hands, and pounded it like a shot of whiskey. She looked at my dad and smiled, closed her eyes, and in 45 minutes, she was gone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is one of a very few TED talks we have published this year. I saw it live, surrounded by weeping audience members, and it was not hard to imagine many thinking seriously about Fong's\u003cb> \u003c/b>challenge:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you could design your own death, what would you want the experience to be like, and how would you want it to feel?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doh.wa.gov/YouandYourFamily/IllnessandDisease/DeathwithDignityAct/DeathwithDignityData\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual reports\u003c/a> compiled by Washington's department of health, the number of state residents who have opted to take lethal medication under the Death With Dignity Act has risen from 36 in 2009 to 192 in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of \u003ca href=\"https://www.deathwithdignity.org/learn/death-with-dignity-acts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">states\u003c/a>, including\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2017/06/07/physician-assisted-suicide-has-been-legal-in-california-for-a-year-hows-it-going/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> California\u003c/a>, have passed similar legislation, and many legislatures \u003ca href=\"https://www.deathwithdignity.org/take-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">around the country\u003c/a> are currently considering their own versions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How would \u003cem>you\u003c/em> design your own death?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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