window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"futureofyou_441443": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_441443",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "441443",
"found": true
},
"parent": 441435,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-520x215.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 215
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-160x66.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 66
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-672x312.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 312
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-375x155.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 155
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread.png",
"width": 754,
"height": 312
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-240x99.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 99
}
},
"publishDate": 1525908106,
"modified": 1525908156,
"caption": "Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was sold under the brand name Viread.",
"description": null,
"title": "viread",
"credit": "U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_441304": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_441304",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "441304",
"found": true
},
"parent": 441252,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-520x371.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 371
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-160x114.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 114
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-960x685.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 685
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-375x267.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3.jpg",
"width": 2748,
"height": 1960
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-1020x728.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 728
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-1180x842.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 842
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-1200x856.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 856
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-800x571.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 571
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-1920x1369.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1369
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-1180x842.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 842
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-1920x1369.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1369
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-768x548.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 548
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/iStock-89282123-3-240x171.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 171
}
},
"publishDate": 1525475765,
"modified": 1525724735,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Four young football players tumble to the ground in a tackle",
"credit": "Image from iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440815": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440815",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440815",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440806,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-520x278.gif",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 278
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-160x85.gif",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 85
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-672x372.gif",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-375x200.gif",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 200
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500.gif",
"width": 742,
"height": 396
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-50x50.gif",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-96x96.gif",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-64x64.gif",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-150x150.gif",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-32x32.gif",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-128x128.gif",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500-240x128.gif",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/gif",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1523664912,
"modified": 1523664934,
"caption": "Kristina Olson, associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington, has won the National Science Foundation’s Alan T. Waterman Award, given to one outstanding scientist under age 40.",
"description": null,
"title": "Kristina-Olson-UW-750x500",
"credit": "Dennis Wise/University of Washington",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440729": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440729",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440729",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440728,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a.jpg",
"width": 1748,
"height": 1311
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/04/plaques-1-54705a5d4229197599541fa58e6d15a02ae8e32a-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1523382289,
"modified": 1523383040,
"caption": "Plaques located in the gray matter of the brain are key indicators of Alzheimer's disease.",
"description": "Plaques located in the gray matter of the brain are key indicators of Alzheimer's disease.",
"title": "Plaques located in the gray matter of the brain are key indicators of Alzheimer's disease.",
"credit": "Cecil Fox/Science Source",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440531": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440531",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440531",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440520,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-1024x576.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1.jpg",
"width": 1024,
"height": 682
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-1020x679.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 679
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/1024x1024-1-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1522193859,
"modified": 1522193977,
"caption": "Ronald Levy (left) and Idit Sagiv-Barfi led the work on a possible cancer treatment that involves injecting immune-stimulating agents directly into tumors in mice.",
"description": null,
"title": "1024x1024 (1)",
"credit": "Stanford Medicine News Center",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440488": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440488",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440488",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440486,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350.jpg",
"width": 1350,
"height": 900
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/juul-promo_1350-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1522099510,
"modified": 1522099563,
"caption": "Colorful nicotine-filled pods, pictured on the right, are inserted into the Juul e-cigarette, which educators say looks deceptively like a flash drive, making it harder to identify. ",
"description": null,
"title": "juul-promo_1350",
"credit": "Juul Labs",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440264": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440264",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440264",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440262,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32.jpg",
"width": 1715,
"height": 1286
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/exam-room-5f171b7bd62dd6e380f47027f4a55832375c2c32-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1521246773,
"modified": 1521248385,
"caption": null,
"description": "A report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine says that abortion is safe but that \"abortion specific regulations in many states create barriers to safe and effective care.\"",
"title": "A report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine says that abortion is safe but that \"abortion specific regulations in many states create barriers to safe and effective care.\"",
"credit": "Bryce Duffy/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440254": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440254",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440254",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440245,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352.jpg",
"width": 3504,
"height": 2336
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/GettyImages-80109352-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1521241545,
"modified": 1521241638,
"caption": "A scientific researcher handles frozen embryonic stem cells in a laboratory, on March 4, 2008.",
"description": null,
"title": "A scientific researcher handles frozen e",
"credit": "Mauricio Lima/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_216747": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_216747",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "216747",
"found": true
},
"parent": 216744,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-400x300.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 300
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-e1529097309113.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1440
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/08/gettyimages-490567928-7282f8451705f729179fb82532448d09aff6f215-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1470352519,
"modified": 1529163904,
"caption": "Elizabeth Holmes in 2015. She and former Theranos COO Ramesh \"Sunny\" Balwani have been indicted on fraud charges.",
"description": "Elizabeth Holmes, founder and CEO of Theranos, speaks at the Clinton Global Initiative in 2015.",
"title": "Elizabeth Holmes, founder and CEO of Theranos, speaks at the Clinton Global Initiative's closing session Sept. 29, 2015, in New York City.",
"credit": "Clinton Global Initiative",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_440030": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_440030",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440030",
"found": true
},
"parent": 440027,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630.jpg",
"width": 7360,
"height": 4912
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-1020x681.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 681
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-768x513.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 513
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638538630-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1520380567,
"modified": 1520381285,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Team of surgeons over the operating table",
"credit": "gpointstudio/IStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_439907": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_439907",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439907",
"found": true
},
"parent": 439905,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-960x639.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 639
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"height": 799
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-1020x679.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 679
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-768x511.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 511
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1520021130,
"modified": 1520021215,
"caption": "Liz Moreno thought she was done paying for her back surgery in 2015. But a $17,850 bill for a urine test showed up nine months later. Her father, Paul Davis, a retired doctor from Ohio, settled with the lab company for $5,000 in order to protect his daughter's credit history.",
"description": null,
"title": "moreno-2_custom-71985aa0aaf4f845c0728a2b11c799fe80b6a249-s1200-c85",
"credit": "Julia Robinson/KHN",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_439888": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_439888",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439888",
"found": true
},
"parent": 439887,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586.jpg",
"width": 5760,
"height": 3840
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-691263586-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1519953512,
"modified": 1520035998,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Nurse connecting an intravenous drip",
"credit": "Wavebreakmedia/IStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_futureofyou_440806": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_440806",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_440806",
"name": "David Crary\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_440728": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_440728",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_440728",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_440486": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_440486",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_440486",
"name": "Ana B. Ibarra\u003cbr />Kaiser Health News",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_440262": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_440262",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_440262",
"name": "Alison Kodjak\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_440027": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_440027",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_440027",
"name": "Christina Jewett\u003cbr />Kaiser Health News\u003cbr />Mark Alesia\u003cbr />USA TODAY",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_439905": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_439905",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_439905",
"name": "Fred Schulte\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_439887": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_439887",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_439887",
"name": "Marilynn Marchione\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"jbrooks": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "80",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jon Brooks",
"firstName": "Jon",
"lastName": "Brooks",
"slug": "jbrooks",
"email": "jbrooks@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Digital Editor",
"bio": "Jon Brooks is a former Digital Editor for KQED Science. He is the former editor of KQED’s daily news blog, News Fix. In 2014, he won a California Journalism Award for his coverage of ride services like Uber and Lyft and the taxi industry. A veteran blogger, he previously worked for Yahoo! in various news writing and editing roles. Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "jbrooksfoy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"Contributor",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "mindshift",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jon Brooks | KQED",
"description": "Digital Editor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jbrooks"
},
"aahmed": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11428",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11428",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amel Ahmed",
"firstName": "Amel",
"lastName": "Ahmed",
"slug": "aahmed",
"email": "aahmed@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "amelscript",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amel Ahmed | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aahmed"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"futureofyou_category_health-policy": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"score": 13.559881
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Health Policy",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 2
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/futureofyou?category=health-policy",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 2
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"futureofyou_441435": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_441435",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "441435",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1525907695000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1525907695,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "HIV Patients Say Gilead Suppressed Safer Drug to Preserve Profits",
"title": "HIV Patients Say Gilead Suppressed Safer Drug to Preserve Profits",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>A group of HIV patients based in California filed two separate lawsuits on Wednesday against Bay Area drugmaker Gilead Sciences for promoting a drug they say caused permanent kidney and bone damage. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.aidshealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/gilead-personal-injury-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://www.aidshealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/class-action-complaint-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> class action\u003c/a> suits, filed in a Los Angeles district court, accuse the company of shelving a safer version of the drug in order to maximize profits and extend the sales of its existing drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_441443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-441443\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"796\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread.png 754w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-160x66.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-240x99.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-375x155.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-520x215.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was sold under the brand name Viread. \u003ccite>(U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both complaints say the company knew as far back as 2001 that TDF was highly toxic but failed to warn patients of the dangerous side effects. The drug was originally sold under the brand name Viread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A company I trusted with my life took advantage of that trust by misrepresenting the side effects of TDF, calling it the ‘Miracle Drug’ and using other deceptive marketing strategies,\" said Michael Lujano, from Los Angeles, one of two plaintiffs in the personal injury suit. \"Gilead shelved a far safer drug called tenofovir alafenamide fumarate simply to increase its long-term profits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another plaintiff in the class action suit, Ricardo Wohler, says he has lost 17 teeth in just three years due to the drug. The 52 year-old real estate agent from Marin took TDF for 12 years and was never made aware of its potential side effects, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I learned how to smile without opening my mouth, how to speak without showing my teeth. This had an entire impact on my life, my self security, my self esteem, but also on my finances.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilead said it is \"thoroughly reviewing the complaints and will not provide comment until that process is complete.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suits accuse Gilead of deceptive marketing practices and putting profits before the health of its customers. The complaint says the company made $18 billion in profits in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under these circumstances, the laws must be read to protect public health from corporate greed,” says Liza Brereton, attorney for plaintiffs and in-house counsel for the AIDS Healthcare Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AHF, which filed both lawsuits with co-counsel Rutherford Law, says it is funding the litigation and will not accept any financial recovery in excess of its actual costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other Californians filed a separate class action lawsuit on behalf of all patients living in California who were prescribed the drug from Oct. 26, 2001 through the present and were exposed to Gilead’s alleged misrepresentations, either directly or through their doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration reportedly issued two warning letters to Gilead for false misrepresentations about the drug's risks, according to the personal injury complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A warning letter issued in 2002 accused a company sales representatives of falsely stating that TDF had “no toxicities” and was “benign” and “extremely safe.\" The company was slapped with another warning letter one year later, requiring Gilead to retrain its sales representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drugmaker began funding research of an alternative drug called TAF in 2001 but suppressed findings that showed it was far less toxic, according to the class action complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with a sharp decrease in profits, the complaint says, the drugmaker eventually released those findings in 2014, when Gilead’s patent on TDF was approaching expiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-gilead-hiv-drug-lawsuit-20180509-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In April 2001, the scientists published research on a different chemical version of the medicine called tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, or TAF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That animal study showed TAF had a thousand-fold greater activity against HIV than the original medicine invented in Europe, raising the possibility that it would have far less toxicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilead then paid doctors across the country to give TAF to patients in small clinical trials. The positive results of those studies were not published for years — secrecy that the lawsuits filed Tuesday say was \"an act of extreme malice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in October 2004, Gilead abruptly announced that it was ending research on TAF after an \"internal business review.\" And it continued to pour money into selling the older drug, which was bringing in billions of dollars each year.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A previous federal lawsuit filed in 2016 is currently pending following the publication of a previous \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-gilead-20160529-snap-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times article\u003c/a> that accused the company of stifling development of the safer drug.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "441435 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=441435",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/05/09/hiv-patients-say-gilead-suppressed-safer-drug-to-preserve-profits/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 730,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1525971366,
"excerpt": "Gilead promoted a drug that caused kidney and bone damage while shelving a far safer drug, says the lawsuit.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Gilead promoted a drug that caused kidney and bone damage while shelving a far safer drug, says the lawsuit.",
"title": "HIV Patients Say Gilead Suppressed Safer Drug to Preserve Profits | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "HIV Patients Say Gilead Suppressed Safer Drug to Preserve Profits",
"datePublished": "2018-05-09T16:14:55-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-05-10T09:56:06-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "hiv-patients-say-gilead-suppressed-safer-drug-to-preserve-profits",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/441435/hiv-patients-say-gilead-suppressed-safer-drug-to-preserve-profits",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A group of HIV patients based in California filed two separate lawsuits on Wednesday against Bay Area drugmaker Gilead Sciences for promoting a drug they say caused permanent kidney and bone damage. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.aidshealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/gilead-personal-injury-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">personal injury\u003c/a> and\u003ca href=\"https://www.aidshealth.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/class-action-complaint-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> class action\u003c/a> suits, filed in a Los Angeles district court, accuse the company of shelving a safer version of the drug in order to maximize profits and extend the sales of its existing drug tenofovir disoproxil fumarate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_441443\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread.png\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-441443\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"796\" height=\"329\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread.png 754w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-160x66.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-240x99.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-375x155.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/05/viread-520x215.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate was sold under the brand name Viread. \u003ccite>(U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both complaints say the company knew as far back as 2001 that TDF was highly toxic but failed to warn patients of the dangerous side effects. The drug was originally sold under the brand name Viread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A company I trusted with my life took advantage of that trust by misrepresenting the side effects of TDF, calling it the ‘Miracle Drug’ and using other deceptive marketing strategies,\" said Michael Lujano, from Los Angeles, one of two plaintiffs in the personal injury suit. \"Gilead shelved a far safer drug called tenofovir alafenamide fumarate simply to increase its long-term profits.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another plaintiff in the class action suit, Ricardo Wohler, says he has lost 17 teeth in just three years due to the drug. The 52 year-old real estate agent from Marin took TDF for 12 years and was never made aware of its potential side effects, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I learned how to smile without opening my mouth, how to speak without showing my teeth. This had an entire impact on my life, my self security, my self esteem, but also on my finances.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilead said it is \"thoroughly reviewing the complaints and will not provide comment until that process is complete.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suits accuse Gilead of deceptive marketing practices and putting profits before the health of its customers. The complaint says the company made $18 billion in profits in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under these circumstances, the laws must be read to protect public health from corporate greed,” says Liza Brereton, attorney for plaintiffs and in-house counsel for the AIDS Healthcare Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AHF, which filed both lawsuits with co-counsel Rutherford Law, says it is funding the litigation and will not accept any financial recovery in excess of its actual costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other Californians filed a separate class action lawsuit on behalf of all patients living in California who were prescribed the drug from Oct. 26, 2001 through the present and were exposed to Gilead’s alleged misrepresentations, either directly or through their doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration reportedly issued two warning letters to Gilead for false misrepresentations about the drug's risks, according to the personal injury complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A warning letter issued in 2002 accused a company sales representatives of falsely stating that TDF had “no toxicities” and was “benign” and “extremely safe.\" The company was slapped with another warning letter one year later, requiring Gilead to retrain its sales representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drugmaker began funding research of an alternative drug called TAF in 2001 but suppressed findings that showed it was far less toxic, according to the class action complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Faced with a sharp decrease in profits, the complaint says, the drugmaker eventually released those findings in 2014, when Gilead’s patent on TDF was approaching expiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-gilead-hiv-drug-lawsuit-20180509-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In April 2001, the scientists published research on a different chemical version of the medicine called tenofovir alafenamide fumarate, or TAF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That animal study showed TAF had a thousand-fold greater activity against HIV than the original medicine invented in Europe, raising the possibility that it would have far less toxicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gilead then paid doctors across the country to give TAF to patients in small clinical trials. The positive results of those studies were not published for years — secrecy that the lawsuits filed Tuesday say was \"an act of extreme malice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, in October 2004, Gilead abruptly announced that it was ending research on TAF after an \"internal business review.\" And it continued to pour money into selling the older drug, which was bringing in billions of dollars each year.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A previous federal lawsuit filed in 2016 is currently pending following the publication of a previous \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-gilead-20160529-snap-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times article\u003c/a> that accused the company of stifling development of the safer drug.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/441435/hiv-patients-say-gilead-suppressed-safer-drug-to-preserve-profits",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_952",
"futureofyou_651",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_1056",
"futureofyou_931"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_441443",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_441252": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_441252",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "441252",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1525733717000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "proposed-california-ban-on-kids-football-sacked-early-and-hard",
"title": "California Ban on Kids' Football Sacked Early",
"publishDate": 1525733717,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "California Ban on Kids’ Football Sacked Early | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> that would have made California the first state to ban youth tackle football was shelved at the end of April, following major \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/04/27/law-to-ban-tackle-football-for-california-youth-falls-short-of-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pushback\u003c/a> from parents, coaches and football fans.[contextly_sidebar id=”3BKDehAqDVxXqjXF1gjQRNg4qvtqDn2e”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers collected more than 45,000 signatures opposing the ban, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/2018/04/27/lawmakers-sideline-bill-ban-preteen-tackle-football/560916002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/04/27/law-to-ban-tackle-football-for-california-youth-falls-short-of-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Orange County Register\u003c/a> reported …\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(T)he backlash was swift and unyielding. Coaches and parents flooded phone lines, email boxes and talk radio, condemning the bills and questioning the science behind them. Within weeks, three of five bills were dead or left in legislative purgatory, crushed under the weight of youth football’s influence.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I have a problem with the idea that we’re going to take kids that we already know are vulnerable, and we are gonna hit them in the head a few hundred times a year.’ \u003ccite>Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of Boston University’s CTE Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Youth Football Act\u003c/a> would have barred children below age 12 from playing organized tackle football. The legislation was drafted in consultation with medical professionals who say the ban would protect youth from a degenerative brain disease known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chronic traumatic encephalopathy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those views were bolstered by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/2018/04/30/youth-tackle-football-linked-to-earlier-onset-of-cognitive-and-emotional-symptoms-in-athletes-diagnosed-with-cte-after-death/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study \u003c/a>published April 30 that found playing youth tackle football may lead to earlier onset of cognitive, behavioral and emotional symptoms in later life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the Boston University School of Medicine conducted telephone interviews with the friends and relatives of 246 deceased football players and found that those who played tackle football before 12 experienced symptoms on average 13 years earlier than those who started playing at an older age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers took into account different styles of play and forms of protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took looking at 246 brains and seeing this in nearly 90 percent of them to say, ‘Hey, you know what, the research is becoming very clear, that you hit someone in the head too much, you’ll give them this disease,’ ” Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of Boston University’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/cte/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CTE Center\u003c/a>, said on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101865041/after-california-ban-fails-controversy-persists-over-youth-tackle-football\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum program \u003c/a>last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Rafter, the president of Southern Marin Youth Football who started a group to oppose the ban, disputes those findings and says the sport is “safer than its ever been.”[contextly_sidebar id=”mIxCIh40B3GwZE3hvjgDhmoIUuc7rwZy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to revised coaching methods and behavior modification techniques that he argues have made the sport safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game that was played 40 to 50 years ago is no longer played now,” he said. “The techniques that are taught right now in youth football across America are to take the head out of the tackle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Public Health Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nowinski, a former football player, says changes made in the sport are not enough to make it safe for youth. The problem is not the occasional major hit to the head, he said, but the repetitive tackling, hitting and blocking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the best data that we are going to have for decades, because we have taken the effort to actually build the world’s largest brain bank of former football players, and we just really struggle to find football players who don’t have CTE who’ve had long careers,” he said. “Even if we diagnose concussions, a concussion happens maybe once out of every couple thousand of times a child is hit in the head. CTE risk is related to those thousands of hits, not to that concussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowinski says the issue is a matter of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about protecting kids from degenerative brain disease. It’s not unlike saying, ‘Let’s take the lead out of the paint in their home because it might rot their brain.’ Let’s not hit them in the head 500 times because it might rot their brain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rafter says eliminating football will affect many children from undeserved communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[T]hey come together and experience different communities, different lifestyles through this sport,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafter said he’s received phone calls from coaches in poor neighborhoods thanking him for his efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you I’m getting phone calls and emails from coaches in undeserved communities of Los Angeles thanking us,” he said. “Because if these boys don’t have youth sports, they will get mixed into the wrong path.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowinski, however, says football is not the solution to poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a problem with the idea that we’re going to take kids that we already know are vulnerable, and we are going to hit them in the head a few hundred times a year, and open them up to this door of concussions and long-term [brain] disease,” he said. “It’s sort of doubling down on a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "A bill that would have made California the first state to ban youth tackle football was shelved, following major pushback from parents, coaches and fans.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721114151,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 25,
"wordCount": 841
},
"headData": {
"title": "California Ban on Kids’ Football Sacked Early",
"description": "A bill that would have made California the first state to ban youth tackle football was shelved, following major pushback from parents, coaches and fans.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Ban on Kids' Football Sacked Early",
"datePublished": "2018-05-07T15:55:17-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-16T00:15:51-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"source": "Health Policy",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/futureofyou/441252/proposed-california-ban-on-kids-football-sacked-early-and-hard",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> that would have made California the first state to ban youth tackle football was shelved at the end of April, following major \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/04/27/law-to-ban-tackle-football-for-california-youth-falls-short-of-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pushback\u003c/a> from parents, coaches and football fans.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers collected more than 45,000 signatures opposing the ban, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/2018/04/27/lawmakers-sideline-bill-ban-preteen-tackle-football/560916002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/04/27/law-to-ban-tackle-football-for-california-youth-falls-short-of-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Orange County Register\u003c/a> reported …\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(T)he backlash was swift and unyielding. Coaches and parents flooded phone lines, email boxes and talk radio, condemning the bills and questioning the science behind them. Within weeks, three of five bills were dead or left in legislative purgatory, crushed under the weight of youth football’s influence.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I have a problem with the idea that we’re going to take kids that we already know are vulnerable, and we are gonna hit them in the head a few hundred times a year.’ \u003ccite>Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of Boston University’s CTE Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Youth Football Act\u003c/a> would have barred children below age 12 from playing organized tackle football. The legislation was drafted in consultation with medical professionals who say the ban would protect youth from a degenerative brain disease known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chronic traumatic encephalopathy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those views were bolstered by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/2018/04/30/youth-tackle-football-linked-to-earlier-onset-of-cognitive-and-emotional-symptoms-in-athletes-diagnosed-with-cte-after-death/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study \u003c/a>published April 30 that found playing youth tackle football may lead to earlier onset of cognitive, behavioral and emotional symptoms in later life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the Boston University School of Medicine conducted telephone interviews with the friends and relatives of 246 deceased football players and found that those who played tackle football before 12 experienced symptoms on average 13 years earlier than those who started playing at an older age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers took into account different styles of play and forms of protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took looking at 246 brains and seeing this in nearly 90 percent of them to say, ‘Hey, you know what, the research is becoming very clear, that you hit someone in the head too much, you’ll give them this disease,’ ” Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of Boston University’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/cte/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CTE Center\u003c/a>, said on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101865041/after-california-ban-fails-controversy-persists-over-youth-tackle-football\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum program \u003c/a>last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Rafter, the president of Southern Marin Youth Football who started a group to oppose the ban, disputes those findings and says the sport is “safer than its ever been.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to revised coaching methods and behavior modification techniques that he argues have made the sport safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game that was played 40 to 50 years ago is no longer played now,” he said. “The techniques that are taught right now in youth football across America are to take the head out of the tackle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Public Health Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nowinski, a former football player, says changes made in the sport are not enough to make it safe for youth. The problem is not the occasional major hit to the head, he said, but the repetitive tackling, hitting and blocking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the best data that we are going to have for decades, because we have taken the effort to actually build the world’s largest brain bank of former football players, and we just really struggle to find football players who don’t have CTE who’ve had long careers,” he said. “Even if we diagnose concussions, a concussion happens maybe once out of every couple thousand of times a child is hit in the head. CTE risk is related to those thousands of hits, not to that concussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowinski says the issue is a matter of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about protecting kids from degenerative brain disease. It’s not unlike saying, ‘Let’s take the lead out of the paint in their home because it might rot their brain.’ Let’s not hit them in the head 500 times because it might rot their brain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rafter says eliminating football will affect many children from undeserved communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[T]hey come together and experience different communities, different lifestyles through this sport,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafter said he’s received phone calls from coaches in poor neighborhoods thanking him for his efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you I’m getting phone calls and emails from coaches in undeserved communities of Los Angeles thanking us,” he said. “Because if these boys don’t have youth sports, they will get mixed into the wrong path.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowinski, however, says football is not the solution to poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a problem with the idea that we’re going to take kids that we already know are vulnerable, and we are going to hit them in the head a few hundred times a year, and open them up to this door of concussions and long-term [brain] disease,” he said. “It’s sort of doubling down on a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/441252/proposed-california-ban-on-kids-football-sacked-early-and-hard",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1358",
"futureofyou_141",
"futureofyou_599",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_1497",
"futureofyou_1434"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_441304",
"label": "source_futureofyou_441252"
},
"futureofyou_440806": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440806",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440806",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523656607000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523656607,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Federal Government Awards $1 Million for Study of Transgender Children",
"title": "Federal Government Awards $1 Million for Study of Transgender Children",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The first large-scale, national study of transgender children, including some as young as 3, is poised to expand thanks to a five-year, $1 million grant awarded Thursday by the National Science Foundation to the professor leading the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Washington psychologist Kristina Olson, 36, was named winner of the NSF's annual Alan T. Waterman Award, the government's highest honor for scientists still in the early phases of their careers. The NSF said the choice was unanimous, and noted that pediatricians are already using her findings to raise awareness about gender diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the award citation honors Olson for a broad range of her research on children's perceptions, she has become best known as creator and leader of the TransYouth Project, which is widely considered the most ambitious long-term study of transgender children being conducted in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Launched in 2013, the project has recruited more than 300 children ages 3-12 from 45 states, with the goal of tracking their development over 20 years. The NSF grant will help Olson maintain the study as many of the children go through adolescence; she hopes to continue it into their adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"'Transgender children' is a category we have so little scientific knowledge about,\" says Olson. \"I'm interested in their experience of feeling you are in a social category that other people don't think you're a part of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the study's early findings were reported two years ago in the journal Pediatrics — notably that the 73 children being tracked at that time had rates of depression and anxiety no higher than non-transgender children in control groups. The trans children were supported by their families and allowed to live openly as the gender they identify with — suggesting to Olson that family support was a key to avoiding the mental health problems identified in studies of other transgender youths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a very scientific way, our study shows that this group of kids is doing really, really well,\" she said in a telephone interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes the NSF grant will enable her to expand the study to encompass youths who are in the process of gender transition but haven't completed it. Some of the funds will be used for Olson's work on other topics, including race and inequality, and also to support research opportunities for undergraduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TransYouth Project received positive coverage following the Pediatrics article, but Olson's research also has been the target of criticism. An article last year in The Federalist, a conservative online magazine, asserted that it was \"utterly ridiculous\" to open a study on gender identity to a 3-year-old child \"who is just learning to use the bathroom, spell his name, and the days of the week.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Olson said children of that age, whether transgender or not, show awareness of gender identity in many ways, through their self-descriptions, what they wear, who they prefer to play with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People frequently compare early-identifying trans children with those who go through phases of believing they are cats or dinosaurs or who have imaginary friends,\" Olson wrote recently. \"Yet decades of work on gender development suggests these are precisely the ages at which nearly all kids are coming to understand their own and others' gender identities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson said some critics incorrectly concluded that gender-altering surgery is being performed on the prepubescent children in her study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also stresses that the parents of the children already had decided to help them make a gender-identity transition — she's not the one advocating for that. Even before she met the children, they were identifying with a gender different from the one they were born with — often adopting a new name, and different clothing, toys, activities and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those skeptical of the study is Andrew Walker, a parent of two small children who is director of policy studies for the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am highly suspect of allowing children to be mature agents in determining this level of self-understanding,\" he said. \"That seems to be highly problematic and borderline reckless... putting drastically catastrophic decisions about a child's life in the child's hands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also questioned the appropriateness of investing federal funds in \"what is ultimately an ideological, contestable issue — the notion of gender fluidity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson said the vitriol directed at her, via email and social media, became so extreme that she avoided talking to the media for about eight months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn't feel good to have people saying negative things about you,\" she said. \"You just have to keep going.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheryl Kaiser, chair of the UW psychology department, described Olson's foray into the project as a \"striking act of bravery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson is the first psychologist to receive the Waterman Award, which was established by Congress in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440806 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440806",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/04/13/federal-government-awards-1-million-for-study-of-transgender-children/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 821,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1535389209,
"excerpt": "The first large-scale, national study of transgender children, including some as young as 3, is poised to expand thanks to a five-year, $1 million grant awarded Thursday by the National Science Foundation.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The first large-scale, national study of transgender children, including some as young as 3, is poised to expand thanks to a five-year, $1 million grant awarded Thursday by the National Science Foundation.",
"title": "Federal Government Awards $1 Million for Study of Transgender Children | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Federal Government Awards $1 Million for Study of Transgender Children",
"datePublished": "2018-04-13T14:56:47-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-08-27T10:00:09-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "federal-government-awards-1-million-for-study-of-transgender-children",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "David Crary\u003cbr />Associated Press",
"source": "Health",
"path": "/futureofyou/440806/federal-government-awards-1-million-for-study-of-transgender-children",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first large-scale, national study of transgender children, including some as young as 3, is poised to expand thanks to a five-year, $1 million grant awarded Thursday by the National Science Foundation to the professor leading the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Washington psychologist Kristina Olson, 36, was named winner of the NSF's annual Alan T. Waterman Award, the government's highest honor for scientists still in the early phases of their careers. The NSF said the choice was unanimous, and noted that pediatricians are already using her findings to raise awareness about gender diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the award citation honors Olson for a broad range of her research on children's perceptions, she has become best known as creator and leader of the TransYouth Project, which is widely considered the most ambitious long-term study of transgender children being conducted in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Launched in 2013, the project has recruited more than 300 children ages 3-12 from 45 states, with the goal of tracking their development over 20 years. The NSF grant will help Olson maintain the study as many of the children go through adolescence; she hopes to continue it into their adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"'Transgender children' is a category we have so little scientific knowledge about,\" says Olson. \"I'm interested in their experience of feeling you are in a social category that other people don't think you're a part of.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the study's early findings were reported two years ago in the journal Pediatrics — notably that the 73 children being tracked at that time had rates of depression and anxiety no higher than non-transgender children in control groups. The trans children were supported by their families and allowed to live openly as the gender they identify with — suggesting to Olson that family support was a key to avoiding the mental health problems identified in studies of other transgender youths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a very scientific way, our study shows that this group of kids is doing really, really well,\" she said in a telephone interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes the NSF grant will enable her to expand the study to encompass youths who are in the process of gender transition but haven't completed it. Some of the funds will be used for Olson's work on other topics, including race and inequality, and also to support research opportunities for undergraduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TransYouth Project received positive coverage following the Pediatrics article, but Olson's research also has been the target of criticism. An article last year in The Federalist, a conservative online magazine, asserted that it was \"utterly ridiculous\" to open a study on gender identity to a 3-year-old child \"who is just learning to use the bathroom, spell his name, and the days of the week.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Olson said children of that age, whether transgender or not, show awareness of gender identity in many ways, through their self-descriptions, what they wear, who they prefer to play with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People frequently compare early-identifying trans children with those who go through phases of believing they are cats or dinosaurs or who have imaginary friends,\" Olson wrote recently. \"Yet decades of work on gender development suggests these are precisely the ages at which nearly all kids are coming to understand their own and others' gender identities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson said some critics incorrectly concluded that gender-altering surgery is being performed on the prepubescent children in her study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also stresses that the parents of the children already had decided to help them make a gender-identity transition — she's not the one advocating for that. Even before she met the children, they were identifying with a gender different from the one they were born with — often adopting a new name, and different clothing, toys, activities and friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those skeptical of the study is Andrew Walker, a parent of two small children who is director of policy studies for the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am highly suspect of allowing children to be mature agents in determining this level of self-understanding,\" he said. \"That seems to be highly problematic and borderline reckless... putting drastically catastrophic decisions about a child's life in the child's hands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also questioned the appropriateness of investing federal funds in \"what is ultimately an ideological, contestable issue — the notion of gender fluidity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson said the vitriol directed at her, via email and social media, became so extreme that she avoided talking to the media for about eight months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It doesn't feel good to have people saying negative things about you,\" she said. \"You just have to keep going.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheryl Kaiser, chair of the UW psychology department, described Olson's foray into the project as a \"striking act of bravery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson is the first psychologist to receive the Waterman Award, which was established by Congress in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440806/federal-government-awards-1-million-for-study-of-transgender-children",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_440806"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_1482",
"futureofyou_1018"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440815",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440806"
},
"futureofyou_440728": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440728",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440728",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1523386836000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1523386836,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Scientists Push Plan To Change How Researchers Define Alzheimer's",
"title": "Scientists Push Plan To Change How Researchers Define Alzheimer's",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>An international coalition of brain researchers is suggesting a new way of looking at Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of defining the disease through symptoms like memory problems or fuzzy thinking, the scientists want to focus on biological changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer's. These include the plaques and tangles that build up in the brains of people with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they say the new approach is intended only for research studies, and isn't yet ready for use by most doctors who treat Alzheimer's patients.[contextly_sidebar id=\"Zc2PdHyXHi6M2lDV49kQiFVNaKeIPoB0\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new approach is widely adopted, it would help researchers study patients whose brain function is still normal, but are likely to develop dementia caused by Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a stage of the disease where there are no symptoms and we need to have some sort of a marker,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/blog/2016/09/meet-director-division-neuroscience\">Eliezer Masliah\u003c/a>, who directs the Division of Neuroscience at the National Institute on Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach would be a dramatic departure from the traditional way of looking at Alzheimer's, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/jack-clifford-r-jr-m-d/bio-00026247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clifford Jack\u003c/a>, an Alzheimer's researcher at Mayo Clinic Rochester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, \"a person displayed a certain set of signs and symptoms and it was expected that they had Alzheimer's pathology,\" says Jack, who is the first author of the central paper describing the proposed new \"research framework.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"cR0O5c7lGyXeCBcMlKvsHUcXDud9KX3K\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers began to see the flaws in that approach when they took a close look at the brains of people receiving experimental drugs for the disease, Jack says. \"About 30 percent of people who met all the appropriate clinical criteria did not have Alzheimer's disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their memory or thinking problems were being caused by something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have been looking for more reliable ways of determining whether someone really has Alzheimer's. And they've focused on the two best-known brain changes associated with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing now is that Alzheimer's disease is defined by the presence of plaques and tangles in your brain,\" Jack says. And in this way of thinking, he says, \"symptoms become the result of the disease, not the definition of the disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it was virtually impossible to detect plaques and tangles in a living person. But over time, scientists have developed a number of ways to spot the abnormalities using special brain scans or tests of spinal fluid.[contextly_sidebar id=\"YZk4pmpKdzGmEy59QhebIBpZRwnapuqb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tests for what are known as biomarkers of Alzheimer's are allowing scientists to do experiments that would have been impossible relying on symptoms alone. \"One could, let's say, start preventive treatment five years before the onset of the symptoms,\" Masliah says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach has detractors, who argue that it's not yet a reliable replacement for clinical symptoms in research. And proponents have responded to these complaints by including symptom measures in their proposal, and acknowledging that biomarkers are still in an early stage of development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents have also stressed that the biomarker approach is not yet the right tool for most doctors who treat Alzheimer's patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a research framework meant to be tested, a tool for researchers, not for the doctor's office,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.alz.org/research/funding/advisory_council_alzheimers_association.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maria Carrillo\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer of the Alzheimer's Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carrillo hopes that when drugs to prevent Alzheimer's finally arrive, biomarker tests can show who should get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, and several commentaries supporting it, appears Tuesday in the April 2018 issue of \u003ca href=\"http://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Alzheimer's & Dementia: The journal of the Alzheimer's Association\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Push+Plan+To+Change+How+Researchers+Define+Alzheimer%27s+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440728 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440728",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/04/10/scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 604,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1523383386,
"excerpt": "The new approach would be a dramatic departure from the traditional way of looking at Alzheimer's.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The new approach would be a dramatic departure from the traditional way of looking at Alzheimer's.",
"title": "Scientists Push Plan To Change How Researchers Define Alzheimer's | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientists Push Plan To Change How Researchers Define Alzheimer's",
"datePublished": "2018-04-10T12:00:36-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-04-10T11:03:06-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=600944750&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 10 Apr 2018 05:04:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 10 Apr 2018 05:50:56 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/04/10/600944750/scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers?ft=nprml&f=600944750",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/04/20180410_me_scientists_push_plan_to_change_how_researchers_define_alzheimers_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=174&p=3&story=600944750&ft=nprml&f=600944750",
"nprImageAgency": "Science Source",
"source": "Health",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1601072306-f70dc6.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=174&p=3&story=600944750&ft=nprml&f=600944750",
"nprStoryId": "600944750",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprImageCredit": "Cecil Fox",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 10 Apr 2018 11:34:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/440728/scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/04/20180410_me_scientists_push_plan_to_change_how_researchers_define_alzheimers_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=174&p=3&story=600944750&ft=nprml&f=600944750",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An international coalition of brain researchers is suggesting a new way of looking at Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of defining the disease through symptoms like memory problems or fuzzy thinking, the scientists want to focus on biological changes in the brain associated with Alzheimer's. These include the plaques and tangles that build up in the brains of people with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they say the new approach is intended only for research studies, and isn't yet ready for use by most doctors who treat Alzheimer's patients.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new approach is widely adopted, it would help researchers study patients whose brain function is still normal, but are likely to develop dementia caused by Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a stage of the disease where there are no symptoms and we need to have some sort of a marker,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.nia.nih.gov/research/blog/2016/09/meet-director-division-neuroscience\">Eliezer Masliah\u003c/a>, who directs the Division of Neuroscience at the National Institute on Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach would be a dramatic departure from the traditional way of looking at Alzheimer's, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/jack-clifford-r-jr-m-d/bio-00026247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clifford Jack\u003c/a>, an Alzheimer's researcher at Mayo Clinic Rochester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, \"a person displayed a certain set of signs and symptoms and it was expected that they had Alzheimer's pathology,\" says Jack, who is the first author of the central paper describing the proposed new \"research framework.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But researchers began to see the flaws in that approach when they took a close look at the brains of people receiving experimental drugs for the disease, Jack says. \"About 30 percent of people who met all the appropriate clinical criteria did not have Alzheimer's disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their memory or thinking problems were being caused by something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers have been looking for more reliable ways of determining whether someone really has Alzheimer's. And they've focused on the two best-known brain changes associated with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we're seeing now is that Alzheimer's disease is defined by the presence of plaques and tangles in your brain,\" Jack says. And in this way of thinking, he says, \"symptoms become the result of the disease, not the definition of the disease.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once it was virtually impossible to detect plaques and tangles in a living person. But over time, scientists have developed a number of ways to spot the abnormalities using special brain scans or tests of spinal fluid.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These tests for what are known as biomarkers of Alzheimer's are allowing scientists to do experiments that would have been impossible relying on symptoms alone. \"One could, let's say, start preventive treatment five years before the onset of the symptoms,\" Masliah says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach has detractors, who argue that it's not yet a reliable replacement for clinical symptoms in research. And proponents have responded to these complaints by including symptom measures in their proposal, and acknowledging that biomarkers are still in an early stage of development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents have also stressed that the biomarker approach is not yet the right tool for most doctors who treat Alzheimer's patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a research framework meant to be tested, a tool for researchers, not for the doctor's office,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.alz.org/research/funding/advisory_council_alzheimers_association.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maria Carrillo\u003c/a>, chief scientific officer of the Alzheimer's Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Carrillo hopes that when drugs to prevent Alzheimer's finally arrive, biomarker tests can show who should get them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, and several commentaries supporting it, appears Tuesday in the April 2018 issue of \u003ca href=\"http://www.alzheimersanddementia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Alzheimer's & Dementia: The journal of the Alzheimer's Association\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Push+Plan+To+Change+How+Researchers+Define+Alzheimer%27s+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440728/scientists-push-plan-to-change-how-researchers-define-alzheimers",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_440728"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_999",
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1023",
"futureofyou_141",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_1056"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440729",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440728"
},
"futureofyou_440520": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440520",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440520",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1522357217000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1522357217,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "New Immune Treatment Eliminated Tumors in 97 Percent of Mice",
"title": "New Immune Treatment Eliminated Tumors in 97 Percent of Mice",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">A cutting-edge immune system treatment cured certain cancers in 97 percent of mice, and it didn’t require chemotherapy. The treatment is now headed for a human trial at the \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford University School of Medicine.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"kQL3J5XDxpDn2B9MPaqB9jKa15YAzuFt\"]Stanford researchers looked at four types of tumors— breast cancer, colon cancer, lymphoma, and melanoma. The clinical trial will, however, be limited to individuals with low-grade lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/10/426/eaan4488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>, published in journal \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Translational Medicine, \u003c/a>is part of a new wave of innovative cancer research focusing on the body's immune system. Recent developments in the field mark a watershed moment in cancer research, says Ronald Levy, a Stanford oncology professor and the study's senior author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bc7NJIwxkt2B4Cp42gfRjdCM1aSALuS5\"]The \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2018/01/cancer-vaccine-eliminates-tumors-in-mice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treatment\u003c/a> injects two immune stimulants directly into a tumor. The combination of stimulants activates the immune system's T-cells, the white blood cells responsible for fighting signs of infection in the body. In the successfully treated mice, the activated cells eliminated the entire tumor from the bodies of the mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really a very exciting time,\" says Levy. \"These successful therapies have come after decades of work in trying to make the immune system fight the cancer. And now that we know that it's possible, it has brought an enormous amount of interest and investment into the field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The side affects of the treatment are typically what you would expect from any injection — possible fever and soreness at the injection site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clinical trial has not yet started, Stanford Medical School researchers are currently accepting applications for volunteers and \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/cancer/trials/vaccine.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">providing information\u003c/a> about the study.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440520 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440520",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/29/new-immune-treatment-eliminated-tumors-in-97-percent-of-mice/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 281,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 8
},
"modified": 1522351892,
"excerpt": "Stanford prepares to launch a human trial with a promising new cancer treatment. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Stanford prepares to launch a human trial with a promising new cancer treatment. ",
"title": "New Immune Treatment Eliminated Tumors in 97 Percent of Mice | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "New Immune Treatment Eliminated Tumors in 97 Percent of Mice",
"datePublished": "2018-03-29T14:00:17-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-29T12:31:32-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "new-immune-treatment-eliminated-tumors-in-97-percent-of-mice",
"status": "publish",
"source": "Hope/Hype",
"path": "/futureofyou/440520/new-immune-treatment-eliminated-tumors-in-97-percent-of-mice",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">A cutting-edge immune system treatment cured certain cancers in 97 percent of mice, and it didn’t require chemotherapy. The treatment is now headed for a human trial at the \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford University School of Medicine.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Stanford researchers looked at four types of tumors— breast cancer, colon cancer, lymphoma, and melanoma. The clinical trial will, however, be limited to individuals with low-grade lymphoma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/10/426/eaan4488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a>, published in journal \u003ca href=\"http://stm.sciencemag.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Translational Medicine, \u003c/a>is part of a new wave of innovative cancer research focusing on the body's immune system. Recent developments in the field mark a watershed moment in cancer research, says Ronald Levy, a Stanford oncology professor and the study's senior author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2018/01/cancer-vaccine-eliminates-tumors-in-mice.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treatment\u003c/a> injects two immune stimulants directly into a tumor. The combination of stimulants activates the immune system's T-cells, the white blood cells responsible for fighting signs of infection in the body. In the successfully treated mice, the activated cells eliminated the entire tumor from the bodies of the mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really a very exciting time,\" says Levy. \"These successful therapies have come after decades of work in trying to make the immune system fight the cancer. And now that we know that it's possible, it has brought an enormous amount of interest and investment into the field.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The side affects of the treatment are typically what you would expect from any injection — possible fever and soreness at the injection site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the clinical trial has not yet started, Stanford Medical School researchers are currently accepting applications for volunteers and \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/cancer/trials/vaccine.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">providing information\u003c/a> about the study.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440520/new-immune-treatment-eliminated-tumors-in-97-percent-of-mice",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_103",
"futureofyou_1403",
"futureofyou_1189",
"futureofyou_141",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_327"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1097"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440531",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440520"
},
"futureofyou_440486": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440486",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440486",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1522112446000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1522112446,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "The Juul’s So Cool, Kids Smoke It in School",
"title": "The Juul’s So Cool, Kids Smoke It in School",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The students wait eagerly for their teachers to turn their backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s their cue to reach quietly for a small, sleek device they can easily conceal in their palms. It resembles a flash drive, but instead of computer files, this device stores nicotine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They take a hit, sucking on the device as they would a cigarette. Then, “they blow into their backpacks … or into their sweater when the teacher isn’t looking,” said Elijah Luna, 16, a sophomore at Vista del Lago High School in Folsom, Calif., about 30 miles east of Sacramento.[contextly_sidebar id=\"djx30e7WNNg22Lzan6ALRB7cB9P9wBw0\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vapor cloud is so small and dissipates so quickly that teachers are usually none the wiser, said Luna, who added he’s never tried it himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device is a \u003ca href=\"https://support.juulvapor.com/learn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juul\u003c/a>, a popular electronic cigarette that’s a sensation among teens, especially in wealthier neighborhoods — and a nightmare for school administrators and public health advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is going to be the health problem of the decade,” said Milagros Vascones-Gatski, a substance abuse counselor at Yorktown High School in Arlington, Va. In nearly 17 years working with teens, she said, she’s never seen a tobacco product become so popular so quickly. Three to four students are caught smoking e-cigs on campus each week, usually Juuls, and some are suspended, she said.[contextly_sidebar id=\"V3e6sXL3LUlq4wqn0XrGQuq8Gylvns1F\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vascones-Gatski, along with other concerned educators and health care experts, consider “Juuling” more than youthful rebellion. Because it is high in nicotine, they fear the devices are extremely addictive for this vulnerable population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To combat the spread of the devices, some schools have banned \u003ca href=\"http://www.fox29.com/news/upper-dublin-school-district-bans-flash-drives-over-confusion-with-e-cigarette-brand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flash drives\u003c/a> as well, to avoid any confusion between the items. Yorktown High even removed the main entrance doors from student bathrooms at the beginning of the school year to dissuade students from vaping inside. Despite these efforts, teens across America continue smoking the stuff in class, in hallways, in restrooms and at school sporting events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it’s referred to as Juuling, not smoking or vaping, some students may think what they’re doing is harmless, said Pamela Ling, a professor at the University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine. “They may not even know it contains nicotine.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"sjPlnDQM2v8meizeQlSVKNclM0AfKBCv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it does — and a significant amount. One Juul “pod,” the nicotine cartridge inserted into the smoking device and heated, delivers about 200 puffs, about as much nicotine as a pack of cigarettes, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://support.juulvapor.com/home/learn/faqs/juulpods-juice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">product website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming a teen smokes one pod a week, “in five weeks, that’s like 100 cigarettes,” Ling said. “By that point, you’re considered an established smoker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarettes, also known as vapes, are battery-operated devices that heat up liquid nicotine to generate an aerosol that users inhale. Smoking e-cigs is more discreet and easier to get away with than traditional cigarettes.[contextly_sidebar id=\"j9qNeDkmKq8G2NE1y8iaUVGnDMNiBfb3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, California increased the minimum age to purchase tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, from 18 to 21. Experts predicted the change would make it harder for teens to get tobacco products from their slightly older friends, and it seems to be working, \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/after-raising-age-for-tobacco-purchases-state-sees-decreased-sales-to-minors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a recent report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-440500\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-800x593.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-800x593.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-160x119.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-768x569.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-1020x756.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-1920x1424.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-1180x875.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-960x712.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-240x178.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-375x278.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-520x386.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A teenage boy smoking an electronic cigarette. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But some health care advocates now worry that devices like the Juul could reverse that progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although its manufacturer, Juul Labs, said the device is intended exclusively for adult use, it is appealing to youth because it can be easily charged on a laptop, its decal covers come in colorful designs, and the pods are available in flavors such as mango, mint and crème brûlée.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odor Juuls produce is subtle and could easily be mistaken for a lotion or body spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s stinky and fruity,” said Luna’s friend Cody Maratas, of the smell he encounters inside school restrooms when others are Juuling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/juul/comments/7xnhzm/juuling_in_school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reddit forum\u003c/a> dedicated to Juuling in schools, some users who identify themselves as students say school restrooms smell much nicer now as a result.[contextly_sidebar id=\"qf3M4b2Qh9DR7UrVTICkmbOlum92hcXb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other online users describe “craving nicotine” and complain about “fiends” who ask to borrow their Juuls at school. One has solved this by charging freshmen $3 for a hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An article from Berkeley High School’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyhighjacket.com/juuling-popularizes-e-cigarette-use-at-bhs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">student newspaper\u003c/a> described students who seek Juuls from others because they “love the head rush.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a symptom of nicotine addiction,” Ling said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul Labs said it wants to help schools get its products off their campuses. Spokeswoman Christine Castro said the company has created a curriculum to educate youth about Juul and nicotine addiction, with input from academics. It’s available for any school that is interested, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This product is solely for adult smokers,” said Castro. “We absolutely condemn kids using our products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro said the company limits online purchases to individuals 21 or older. To browse the site, you need only click on a box pledging you’re of age. But to buy, you must create a profile. Customer information is verified through multiple databases and, if that fails, customers must upload a photo identification, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Castro conceded that it is harder to control sales on third-party sites like eBay or Craigslist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She urged consumers to report suspicious sales to the company’s \u003ca href=\"mailto:youthprevention@juul.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">youthprevention@juul.com\u003c/a> email address. Juul Labs may follow up with secret shopper visits to stores suspected of selling the product to underage customers, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If users get through the age-verification process online, they can buy a Juul starter kit, which includes the vaping pen and four pods, for $50. That’s expensive for most high school students — which is why Juuling might be more prevalent in affluent communities. “In order to vape, you need money,” said Vascones-Gatski, noting that most students at her high school either work or receive big allowances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vince Willmore, vice president of communications at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids\u003c/a>, applauds efforts taken by schools, but he thinks the burden shouldn’t fall solely on educators and parents. The Food and Drug Administration “regulates tobacco products … and we think it’s important that the FDA take action to protect kids from Juul and other e-cigarettes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/health/electronic-cigarette-tobacco-nicotine-fda.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the agency delayed regulations\u003c/a> that could have yanked many e-cigarette products from the market, possibly including the Juul, while it studies whether these devices might actually help longtime smokers wean off traditional cigarettes. “That basically locked in the products that are in the market for another four years,” Willmore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, schools continue the battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Needham High School in Massachusetts, Principal Aaron Sicotte said e-cigarettes started appearing on his campus last school year, and soon Juul became the most popular brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school has alerted staff “so that when these fall out of students’ bags, teachers don’t hand them back,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the hype surrounding Juul might die down, Sicotte doesn’t expect vaping to go away. “I think this is something that will remain in the fabric of adolescence,” he said. “The access is too easy, the draw is too great, and the push through advertising is too significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News is an editorially independent news service that is part of the nonpartisan Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+You+Need+A+Mammogram%2C+Should+You+Get+One+In+%273-D%27%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440486 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440486",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/26/the-juuls-so-cool-kids-smoke-it-in-school/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1302,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 36
},
"modified": 1522108328,
"excerpt": "How a popular electronic cigarette became a nightmare for school administrators.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "How a popular electronic cigarette became a nightmare for school administrators.",
"title": "The Juul’s So Cool, Kids Smoke It in School | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Juul’s So Cool, Kids Smoke It in School",
"datePublished": "2018-03-26T18:00:46-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-26T16:52:08-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-juuls-so-cool-kids-smoke-it-in-school",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Ana B. Ibarra\u003cbr />Kaiser Health News",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/440486/the-juuls-so-cool-kids-smoke-it-in-school",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The students wait eagerly for their teachers to turn their backs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s their cue to reach quietly for a small, sleek device they can easily conceal in their palms. It resembles a flash drive, but instead of computer files, this device stores nicotine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They take a hit, sucking on the device as they would a cigarette. Then, “they blow into their backpacks … or into their sweater when the teacher isn’t looking,” said Elijah Luna, 16, a sophomore at Vista del Lago High School in Folsom, Calif., about 30 miles east of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vapor cloud is so small and dissipates so quickly that teachers are usually none the wiser, said Luna, who added he’s never tried it himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device is a \u003ca href=\"https://support.juulvapor.com/learn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Juul\u003c/a>, a popular electronic cigarette that’s a sensation among teens, especially in wealthier neighborhoods — and a nightmare for school administrators and public health advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this is going to be the health problem of the decade,” said Milagros Vascones-Gatski, a substance abuse counselor at Yorktown High School in Arlington, Va. In nearly 17 years working with teens, she said, she’s never seen a tobacco product become so popular so quickly. Three to four students are caught smoking e-cigs on campus each week, usually Juuls, and some are suspended, she said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vascones-Gatski, along with other concerned educators and health care experts, consider “Juuling” more than youthful rebellion. Because it is high in nicotine, they fear the devices are extremely addictive for this vulnerable population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To combat the spread of the devices, some schools have banned \u003ca href=\"http://www.fox29.com/news/upper-dublin-school-district-bans-flash-drives-over-confusion-with-e-cigarette-brand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flash drives\u003c/a> as well, to avoid any confusion between the items. Yorktown High even removed the main entrance doors from student bathrooms at the beginning of the school year to dissuade students from vaping inside. Despite these efforts, teens across America continue smoking the stuff in class, in hallways, in restrooms and at school sporting events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because it’s referred to as Juuling, not smoking or vaping, some students may think what they’re doing is harmless, said Pamela Ling, a professor at the University of California-San Francisco School of Medicine. “They may not even know it contains nicotine.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it does — and a significant amount. One Juul “pod,” the nicotine cartridge inserted into the smoking device and heated, delivers about 200 puffs, about as much nicotine as a pack of cigarettes, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://support.juulvapor.com/home/learn/faqs/juulpods-juice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">product website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assuming a teen smokes one pod a week, “in five weeks, that’s like 100 cigarettes,” Ling said. “By that point, you’re considered an established smoker.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-cigarettes, also known as vapes, are battery-operated devices that heat up liquid nicotine to generate an aerosol that users inhale. Smoking e-cigs is more discreet and easier to get away with than traditional cigarettes.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, California increased the minimum age to purchase tobacco products, including e-cigarettes, from 18 to 21. Experts predicted the change would make it harder for teens to get tobacco products from their slightly older friends, and it seems to be working, \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/after-raising-age-for-tobacco-purchases-state-sees-decreased-sales-to-minors/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a recent report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440500\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-440500\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-800x593.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-800x593.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-160x119.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-768x569.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-1020x756.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-1920x1424.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-1180x875.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-960x712.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-240x178.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-375x278.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-180088674-520x386.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A teenage boy smoking an electronic cigarette. \u003ccite>(iStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But some health care advocates now worry that devices like the Juul could reverse that progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although its manufacturer, Juul Labs, said the device is intended exclusively for adult use, it is appealing to youth because it can be easily charged on a laptop, its decal covers come in colorful designs, and the pods are available in flavors such as mango, mint and crème brûlée.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odor Juuls produce is subtle and could easily be mistaken for a lotion or body spray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s stinky and fruity,” said Luna’s friend Cody Maratas, of the smell he encounters inside school restrooms when others are Juuling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.reddit.com/r/juul/comments/7xnhzm/juuling_in_school/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reddit forum\u003c/a> dedicated to Juuling in schools, some users who identify themselves as students say school restrooms smell much nicer now as a result.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other online users describe “craving nicotine” and complain about “fiends” who ask to borrow their Juuls at school. One has solved this by charging freshmen $3 for a hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An article from Berkeley High School’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyhighjacket.com/juuling-popularizes-e-cigarette-use-at-bhs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">student newspaper\u003c/a> described students who seek Juuls from others because they “love the head rush.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a symptom of nicotine addiction,” Ling said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juul Labs said it wants to help schools get its products off their campuses. Spokeswoman Christine Castro said the company has created a curriculum to educate youth about Juul and nicotine addiction, with input from academics. It’s available for any school that is interested, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This product is solely for adult smokers,” said Castro. “We absolutely condemn kids using our products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castro said the company limits online purchases to individuals 21 or older. To browse the site, you need only click on a box pledging you’re of age. But to buy, you must create a profile. Customer information is verified through multiple databases and, if that fails, customers must upload a photo identification, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Castro conceded that it is harder to control sales on third-party sites like eBay or Craigslist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She urged consumers to report suspicious sales to the company’s \u003ca href=\"mailto:youthprevention@juul.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">youthprevention@juul.com\u003c/a> email address. Juul Labs may follow up with secret shopper visits to stores suspected of selling the product to underage customers, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If users get through the age-verification process online, they can buy a Juul starter kit, which includes the vaping pen and four pods, for $50. That’s expensive for most high school students — which is why Juuling might be more prevalent in affluent communities. “In order to vape, you need money,” said Vascones-Gatski, noting that most students at her high school either work or receive big allowances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vince Willmore, vice president of communications at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.tobaccofreekids.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids\u003c/a>, applauds efforts taken by schools, but he thinks the burden shouldn’t fall solely on educators and parents. The Food and Drug Administration “regulates tobacco products … and we think it’s important that the FDA take action to protect kids from Juul and other e-cigarettes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/28/health/electronic-cigarette-tobacco-nicotine-fda.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the agency delayed regulations\u003c/a> that could have yanked many e-cigarette products from the market, possibly including the Juul, while it studies whether these devices might actually help longtime smokers wean off traditional cigarettes. “That basically locked in the products that are in the market for another four years,” Willmore said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, schools continue the battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Needham High School in Massachusetts, Principal Aaron Sicotte said e-cigarettes started appearing on his campus last school year, and soon Juul became the most popular brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school has alerted staff “so that when these fall out of students’ bags, teachers don’t hand them back,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the hype surrounding Juul might die down, Sicotte doesn’t expect vaping to go away. “I think this is something that will remain in the fabric of adolescence,” he said. “The access is too easy, the draw is too great, and the push through advertising is too significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News is an editorially independent news service that is part of the nonpartisan Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+You+Need+A+Mammogram%2C+Should+You+Get+One+In+%273-D%27%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440486/the-juuls-so-cool-kids-smoke-it-in-school",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_440486"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1479",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_1477",
"futureofyou_1136",
"futureofyou_1478",
"futureofyou_1434"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440488",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440486"
},
"futureofyou_440262": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440262",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440262",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1521248326000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1521248326,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Landmark Report Concludes Abortion in U.S. is Safe",
"title": "Landmark Report Concludes Abortion in U.S. is Safe",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Abortions in the United States are safe and have few complications, according to a landmark new study by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24950/the-safety-and-quality-of-abortion-care-in-the-united-states\">report\u003c/a>, called \"The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States,\" examined the four major methods used for abortions — medication, aspiration, dilation and evacuation, and induction — and examined women's care from before they had the procedure through their follow-up care.[contextly_sidebar id=\"jMTkDIjBqWWCgCakps1aEu2Qa7NrZakX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would say the main takeaway is that abortions that are provided in the United States are safe and effective,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.coloradotrust.org/content/ned-calonge-md-mph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ned Calonge\u003c/a>, the co-chair of the committee that wrote the study. He is an associate professor of family medicine and epidemiology at the University of Colorado and CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.coloradotrust.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Colorado Trust\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calonge says the researchers found that about 90 percent of all abortions happen in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. And complications for all abortions are \"rare,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the report did find that state laws and regulations can interfere with safe abortions.[contextly_sidebar id=\"zTJU1sTa18fez3ecDq44jqN6KfYhyHGL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Abortion-specific regulations in many states create barriers to safe and effective care,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calonge says those rules often have no basis in medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some requirements that require clinicians to misinform women of the health risks, that say you have to inform a woman that an abortion will increase her risk of breast cancer,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no evidence that breast cancer follows abortion, for example, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2006/10/misinformed-consent-medical-accuracy-state-developed-abortion-counseling-materials\">five states\u003c/a> require doctors to tell women there is a link, according to the Guttmacher Institute, a research group that focuses on reproductive and sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are policies that mandate clinically unnecessary services like pre-abortion ultrasounds, separate inpatient counseling. There are required waiting periods,\" Calonge says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Guttmacher, 27 states make women wait at least 24 hours for an abortion and 11 states require women to have an ultrasound before they can terminate their pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are state laws that dictate who can perform abortions and where they can do them. Some require all abortions to happen in the equivalent of a hospital or surgery center. Others require a doctor to have admitting privileges at a nearby hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Academies report says waiting periods and requirements for unnecessary tests can result in long delays because women may have to travel to get care and have trouble getting appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Delays put the patient at greater risk of an adverse event,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hal Lawrence, the CEO of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, says the report settles the debate over abortion-restricting laws and regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those sorts of laws have been totally debunked,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the study shows most of those laws do nothing to improve women's health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Abortion is safer when it's performed earlier in gestation,\" Lawrence says. \"And so delaying and making people wait and go through hoops of unnecessary, extra procedures does not improve the safety. And actually by having them delay can actually worsen the safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court in 2016 voided some state abortion laws when it ruled that Texas' strict rules around abortion facilities impose an undue burden on women. But other laws remain in place even without any backing in medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Donna Harrison says there are good reasons for the requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tendency to look at abortion as though it were not a serious medical procedure is irresponsible. I mean, we all know that the fetus is killed during an abortion but women can be harmed by irresponsible medical care,\" says Harrison, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://aaplog.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says data on complications from abortion is incomplete because doctors and patients don't always report it accurately, or at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>There is no good data collection — and when you have garbage in, and you have garbage out,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she says waiting periods are important so that women can give fully informed consent before they undergo what she says is a sometimes dangerous, surgical procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report — which runs more than 200 pages — addresses most aspects of abortion care, including the use of the abortion pill \u003ca href=\"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20687lbl.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mifepristone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it concludes that the strict requirements on how doctors can administer mifepristone may need review. The researchers say the rules may be erecting unnecessary barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also says nurse practitioners and physician assistants can perform abortions just as safely as physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, abortions have no long-term consequences on women's physical and mental health, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Landmark+Report+Concludes+Abortion+In+U.S.+Is+Safe+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440262 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440262",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/16/landmark-report-concludes-abortion-in-u-s-is-safe/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 785,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 30
},
"modified": 1521248645,
"excerpt": "The report says many state laws on abortions don't have a medical purpose and can make outcomes worse.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The report says many state laws on abortions don't have a medical purpose and can make outcomes worse.",
"title": "Landmark Report Concludes Abortion in U.S. is Safe | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Landmark Report Concludes Abortion in U.S. is Safe",
"datePublished": "2018-03-16T17:58:46-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-16T18:04:05-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "landmark-report-concludes-abortion-in-u-s-is-safe",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=593447727&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Fri, 16 Mar 2018 11:00:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Fri, 16 Mar 2018 17:28:28 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/03/16/593447727/landmark-report-concludes-abortion-is-safe?ft=nprml&f=593447727",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/03/20180316_atc_landmark_report_concludes_abortion_in_us_is_safe_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=227&p=2&story=593447727&ft=nprml&f=593447727",
"nprImageAgency": "Getty Images",
"source": "Health",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1594364521-59ee98.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=227&p=2&story=593447727&ft=nprml&f=593447727",
"nprStoryId": "593447727",
"nprByline": "Alison Kodjak\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprImageCredit": "Bryce Duffy",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 16 Mar 2018 19:20:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/440262/landmark-report-concludes-abortion-in-u-s-is-safe",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2018/03/20180316_atc_landmark_report_concludes_abortion_in_us_is_safe_.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=227&p=2&story=593447727&ft=nprml&f=593447727",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Abortions in the United States are safe and have few complications, according to a landmark new study by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24950/the-safety-and-quality-of-abortion-care-in-the-united-states\">report\u003c/a>, called \"The Safety and Quality of Abortion Care in the United States,\" examined the four major methods used for abortions — medication, aspiration, dilation and evacuation, and induction — and examined women's care from before they had the procedure through their follow-up care.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would say the main takeaway is that abortions that are provided in the United States are safe and effective,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.coloradotrust.org/content/ned-calonge-md-mph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ned Calonge\u003c/a>, the co-chair of the committee that wrote the study. He is an associate professor of family medicine and epidemiology at the University of Colorado and CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.coloradotrust.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Colorado Trust\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calonge says the researchers found that about 90 percent of all abortions happen in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. And complications for all abortions are \"rare,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the report did find that state laws and regulations can interfere with safe abortions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Abortion-specific regulations in many states create barriers to safe and effective care,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calonge says those rules often have no basis in medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are some requirements that require clinicians to misinform women of the health risks, that say you have to inform a woman that an abortion will increase her risk of breast cancer,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no evidence that breast cancer follows abortion, for example, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.guttmacher.org/gpr/2006/10/misinformed-consent-medical-accuracy-state-developed-abortion-counseling-materials\">five states\u003c/a> require doctors to tell women there is a link, according to the Guttmacher Institute, a research group that focuses on reproductive and sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are policies that mandate clinically unnecessary services like pre-abortion ultrasounds, separate inpatient counseling. There are required waiting periods,\" Calonge says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Guttmacher, 27 states make women wait at least 24 hours for an abortion and 11 states require women to have an ultrasound before they can terminate their pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there are state laws that dictate who can perform abortions and where they can do them. Some require all abortions to happen in the equivalent of a hospital or surgery center. Others require a doctor to have admitting privileges at a nearby hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Academies report says waiting periods and requirements for unnecessary tests can result in long delays because women may have to travel to get care and have trouble getting appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Delays put the patient at greater risk of an adverse event,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hal Lawrence, the CEO of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, says the report settles the debate over abortion-restricting laws and regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those sorts of laws have been totally debunked,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the study shows most of those laws do nothing to improve women's health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Abortion is safer when it's performed earlier in gestation,\" Lawrence says. \"And so delaying and making people wait and go through hoops of unnecessary, extra procedures does not improve the safety. And actually by having them delay can actually worsen the safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court in 2016 voided some state abortion laws when it ruled that Texas' strict rules around abortion facilities impose an undue burden on women. But other laws remain in place even without any backing in medical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Donna Harrison says there are good reasons for the requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tendency to look at abortion as though it were not a serious medical procedure is irresponsible. I mean, we all know that the fetus is killed during an abortion but women can be harmed by irresponsible medical care,\" says Harrison, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://aaplog.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Association of Pro-Life Obstetricians and Gynecologists\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says data on complications from abortion is incomplete because doctors and patients don't always report it accurately, or at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\"\u003c/em>There is no good data collection — and when you have garbage in, and you have garbage out,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she says waiting periods are important so that women can give fully informed consent before they undergo what she says is a sometimes dangerous, surgical procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new report — which runs more than 200 pages — addresses most aspects of abortion care, including the use of the abortion pill \u003ca href=\"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2000/20687lbl.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mifepristone\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, it concludes that the strict requirements on how doctors can administer mifepristone may need review. The researchers say the rules may be erecting unnecessary barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also says nurse practitioners and physician assistants can perform abortions just as safely as physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, abortions have no long-term consequences on women's physical and mental health, the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Landmark+Report+Concludes+Abortion+In+U.S.+Is+Safe+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440262/landmark-report-concludes-abortion-in-u-s-is-safe",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_440262"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_342",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_215"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440264",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440262"
},
"futureofyou_440245": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440245",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440245",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1521238847000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1521238847,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Prospective Parents in Limbo After 2 Accidents Destroy Fertility Clinic Embryos",
"title": "Prospective Parents in Limbo After 2 Accidents Destroy Fertility Clinic Embryos",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Two refrigeration failures at fertility clinics in different states, coincidentally occurring on March 4, are raising questions about oversight of the industry and triggered several lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We know something has happened but we don't know if our four embryos are alive still.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the Pacific Fertility Center says it is still assessing the extent of the damage to the embryos and eggs it stores, said San Francisco Chronicle reporter Catherine Ho on KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864351/woman-sues-fertility-center-after-equipment-failure-destroys-her-eggs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum program\u003c/a> Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those clients includes Bill Taroli, who told Forum host Mina Kim he first learned about the malfunction on the evening news. After contacting the center, he and his partner were informed their frozen embryos were in the impacted tank. But it will take at least another week before they learn whether their vials were damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like waiting for any major test. 'Do we have cancer?' We're in this limbo,\" said Taroli, who said he spent $50,000 for the procedure. \"We know something has happened but we don't know if our four embryos are alive still.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was discovered during a routine check by a senior embryologist who noticed that the liquid nitrogen levels in one tank had dipped to very low levels, affecting thousands of frozen eggs and embryos belonging to about 500 clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tanks rely on liquid nitrogen to keep the frozen vials at the correct storage temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinic has not yet announced the number of people impacted, said Ho. In a statement, Pacific Fertility Center said, \"The vast majority of the eggs and embryos in the lab were unaffected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the company's clients includes an unnamed woman who learned on Sunday that her frozen eggs were destroyed. She has since filed a class action lawsuit against the company, seeking $5 million in damages for gross negligence stemming from a failure to properly maintain equipment. That figure is the minimum required to file a class-action suit in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Tindall, the attorney for the woman, told Forum the facility lacked a real-time monitoring system that could have immediately alerted staff of a drop in nitrogen levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued Wednesday, the company said it took immediate action once the malfunction was discovered:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On March 4, a single piece of equipment in our cryogenic storage lab lost liquid nitrogen for a brief period of time. We do know that there is viable tissue from this tank. The rest of the tanks were not affected and the equipment was immediately retired. The vast majority of the eggs and embryos in the lab were unaffected and the facility is operating securely. As soon as the issue was discovered, our most senior embryologist took immediate action to transfer those tissues from the affected equipment to a new piece of equipment. And we have brought independent experts and are conducting a full investigation. We are truly sorry this happened and for the anxiety that this will surely cause.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The cost of storing frozen eggs or embryos is $600 a year, according to the center's website. But the entire process can cost anywhere between $10,000 to $100,000, said the Chronicle's Ho. Aside from the financial costs, the process can be emotionally draining for prospective parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the clinic's clients include former cancer patients who had their eggs taken out in advance of cancer treatments, Tindall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those people may have lost their opportunity to have biological children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ohio Incident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bizarre coincidence, a similar tank malfunction occurred at a Cleveland-based fertility clinic on the same day as the accident in San Francisco. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2018/03/university_hospitals_notifies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Cleveland Plain-Dealer\u003c/a> reported that the University Hospitals Fertility Center lost frozen eggs and embryos from 700 patients. Lawsuits have been filed in this incident as well, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/03/14/class-action-lawsuit-filed-against-pacific-fertility-for-loss-of-up-to-thousands-of-embryos-and-eggs/?utm_term=.705a90a7aa98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The loss of potentially thousands of eggs and embryos from both clinics mark the biggest such loss on record in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulations for oversight of fertility clinics vary by state. California, for example, requires clinics to be accredited by the Laboratory Field Services division of the California Department of Public Health. Ohio has no such licensing requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The United States is the Wild West of the fertility industry,” Marcy Darnovsky, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society told the Pew Charitable Trust's \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2015/3/18/states-not-eager-to-regulate-fertility-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stateline\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data shows that 1.5 percent of all infants born in the U.S. are conceived using assisted reproductive technology, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003c/a>More than 60,000 U.S. births in 2015 resulted from such methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Society for Reproductive Medicine does issue guidelines for fertility clinics, but they are not mandatory. The center has been accused of prioritizing the business interests of its members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a field characterized by strong antiregulatory sentiment because it evolved as a business, not a research enterprise,” Arthur Caplan, director of the division of Medical Ethics at New York University’s School of Medicine, told Pew Charitable Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Taroli, the question of liability doesn't change how the experience has affected him and his partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reality is ... we've all been affected. Even if it turns out that our embryos are okay,\" he says, \"we're still going through this madness right now of not knowing and we’re worried about whether or not they're still alive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440245 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440245",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/16/accidents-destroy-embryos-at-2-fertility-clinics-on-same-day/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 934,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 27
},
"modified": 1521499197,
"excerpt": "The destruction of potentially thousands of eggs and embryos on the same day in 2 fertility clinics 2,500 miles apart marks the biggest such loss on record in the U.S.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The destruction of potentially thousands of eggs and embryos on the same day in 2 fertility clinics 2,500 miles apart marks the biggest such loss on record in the U.S.",
"title": "Prospective Parents in Limbo After 2 Accidents Destroy Fertility Clinic Embryos | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Prospective Parents in Limbo After 2 Accidents Destroy Fertility Clinic Embryos",
"datePublished": "2018-03-16T15:20:47-07:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-19T15:39:57-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "accidents-destroy-embryos-at-2-fertility-clinics-on-same-day",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://soundcloud.com/kqed/fertility-clinic-says-thousands-of-eggs-and-embryos-may-be-damaged-after-malfunction",
"source": "DIY Health",
"path": "/futureofyou/440245/accidents-destroy-embryos-at-2-fertility-clinics-on-same-day",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two refrigeration failures at fertility clinics in different states, coincidentally occurring on March 4, are raising questions about oversight of the industry and triggered several lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We know something has happened but we don't know if our four embryos are alive still.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the Pacific Fertility Center says it is still assessing the extent of the damage to the embryos and eggs it stores, said San Francisco Chronicle reporter Catherine Ho on KQED's \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864351/woman-sues-fertility-center-after-equipment-failure-destroys-her-eggs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Forum program\u003c/a> Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those clients includes Bill Taroli, who told Forum host Mina Kim he first learned about the malfunction on the evening news. After contacting the center, he and his partner were informed their frozen embryos were in the impacted tank. But it will take at least another week before they learn whether their vials were damaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like waiting for any major test. 'Do we have cancer?' We're in this limbo,\" said Taroli, who said he spent $50,000 for the procedure. \"We know something has happened but we don't know if our four embryos are alive still.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was discovered during a routine check by a senior embryologist who noticed that the liquid nitrogen levels in one tank had dipped to very low levels, affecting thousands of frozen eggs and embryos belonging to about 500 clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tanks rely on liquid nitrogen to keep the frozen vials at the correct storage temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinic has not yet announced the number of people impacted, said Ho. In a statement, Pacific Fertility Center said, \"The vast majority of the eggs and embryos in the lab were unaffected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the company's clients includes an unnamed woman who learned on Sunday that her frozen eggs were destroyed. She has since filed a class action lawsuit against the company, seeking $5 million in damages for gross negligence stemming from a failure to properly maintain equipment. That figure is the minimum required to file a class-action suit in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steven Tindall, the attorney for the woman, told Forum the facility lacked a real-time monitoring system that could have immediately alerted staff of a drop in nitrogen levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued Wednesday, the company said it took immediate action once the malfunction was discovered:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On March 4, a single piece of equipment in our cryogenic storage lab lost liquid nitrogen for a brief period of time. We do know that there is viable tissue from this tank. The rest of the tanks were not affected and the equipment was immediately retired. The vast majority of the eggs and embryos in the lab were unaffected and the facility is operating securely. As soon as the issue was discovered, our most senior embryologist took immediate action to transfer those tissues from the affected equipment to a new piece of equipment. And we have brought independent experts and are conducting a full investigation. We are truly sorry this happened and for the anxiety that this will surely cause.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The cost of storing frozen eggs or embryos is $600 a year, according to the center's website. But the entire process can cost anywhere between $10,000 to $100,000, said the Chronicle's Ho. Aside from the financial costs, the process can be emotionally draining for prospective parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the clinic's clients include former cancer patients who had their eggs taken out in advance of cancer treatments, Tindall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those people may have lost their opportunity to have biological children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ohio Incident\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bizarre coincidence, a similar tank malfunction occurred at a Cleveland-based fertility clinic on the same day as the accident in San Francisco. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.cleveland.com/healthfit/index.ssf/2018/03/university_hospitals_notifies.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Cleveland Plain-Dealer\u003c/a> reported that the University Hospitals Fertility Center lost frozen eggs and embryos from 700 patients. Lawsuits have been filed in this incident as well, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2018/03/14/class-action-lawsuit-filed-against-pacific-fertility-for-loss-of-up-to-thousands-of-embryos-and-eggs/?utm_term=.705a90a7aa98\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Washington Post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The loss of potentially thousands of eggs and embryos from both clinics mark the biggest such loss on record in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulations for oversight of fertility clinics vary by state. California, for example, requires clinics to be accredited by the Laboratory Field Services division of the California Department of Public Health. Ohio has no such licensing requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The United States is the Wild West of the fertility industry,” Marcy Darnovsky, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society told the Pew Charitable Trust's \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/en/research-and-analysis/blogs/stateline/2015/3/18/states-not-eager-to-regulate-fertility-industry\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stateline\u003c/a> in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data shows that 1.5 percent of all infants born in the U.S. are conceived using assisted reproductive technology, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/art/artdata/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. \u003c/a>More than 60,000 U.S. births in 2015 resulted from such methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Society for Reproductive Medicine does issue guidelines for fertility clinics, but they are not mandatory. The center has been accused of prioritizing the business interests of its members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a field characterized by strong antiregulatory sentiment because it evolved as a business, not a research enterprise,” Arthur Caplan, director of the division of Medical Ethics at New York University’s School of Medicine, told Pew Charitable Trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Taroli, the question of liability doesn't change how the experience has affected him and his partner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reality is ... we've all been affected. Even if it turns out that our embryos are okay,\" he says, \"we're still going through this madness right now of not knowing and we’re worried about whether or not they're still alive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440245/accidents-destroy-embryos-at-2-fertility-clinics-on-same-day",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1409",
"futureofyou_927",
"futureofyou_283",
"futureofyou_137",
"futureofyou_1473"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440254",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440245"
},
"futureofyou_440127": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440127",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440127",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1521047395000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1521047395,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Theranos and Elizabeth Holmes Charged With 'Massive Fraud' by SEC",
"title": "Theranos and Elizabeth Holmes Charged With 'Massive Fraud' by SEC",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>It started as a massive success story — a wunderkind female college dropout disrupting the blood-testing industry and empowering patients to take charge of their own health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ga0lyGeskUZhaMZ1G6m0viMzWzc3RBPU\"]It ended as an almost archetypal cautionary tale about Silicon Valley hubris and its incompatibility with the slow developmental cycles of biomedicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Securities and Exchange Commission today charged Bay Area-based Theranos, its founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes, and former president Sunny Balwani with \"massive fraud,\" in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">words\u003c/a> of the SEC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos' trangressions included \"raising more than $700 million from investors through an elaborate, years-long fraud in which they exaggerated or made false statements about the company's technology, business, and financial performance,\" according to the federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes has agreed to give up her majority voting control of the company and to a reduction in her equity, the SEC said. Holmes also agreed to pay a $500,000 penalty and is now barred from serving as an officer or director of a public company for 10 years. As part of the settlement, both she and the company neither admitted nor denied wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bulwani, apparently, has not settled. The SEC said it will litigate the charges against him in Northern California federal district court. Balwani's attorney told \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/14/theranos-ceo-holmes-and-former-president-balwani-charged-with-massive-fraud.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNBC\u003c/a> that the SEC action was \"unwarranted,\" and that Balwani \"accurately represented Theranos to investors to the best of his ability,\" taking on \"significant financial risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos still faces a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/19/business/theranos-sec-justice-department-investigation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal investigation\u003c/a> by the U.S. Attorney's Office in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Hundreds of Blood Tests From a Few Drops of Blood\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crux of the charges against Theranos are that it made \"numerous false and misleading statements\" to investors that it had found a way to conduct hundreds of blood tests from just a few drops of blood, which would have revolutionized the blood-testing industry. But in reality, according to the SEC, Theranos could only perform a small number of tests this way, with the vast majority completed on standard commercial equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SEC also charges Theranos with claiming its technology was used by the military in Afghanistan, and that it would take in more than $100 million in revenue in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In truth, Theranos' technology was never deployed by the U.S. Department of Defense and generated a little more than $100,000 in revenue in 2014,\" the SEC said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos had been flying high that year, with Forbes valuing the company at $9 billion, and Holmes stake worth half that. Holmes had also attracted glowing media attention from the tech and business press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the story changed abruptly with the publication of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal investigation in 2015\u003c/a>. Reporter John Carreyrou alleged that the company had failed to report tests that showed its proprietary blood-testing equipment may not be accurate, and that it was not using its own technology for most tests, anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos responded by stating the Journal's reporting was inaccurate. \"First they think you're crazy. Then they fight you. And then all of a sudden you change the world,\" was Holmes' retort on Jim Cramer's CNBC show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Journal's investigation proved to be only the start of Theranos' woes. Soon, the federal government charged that deficiencies at the company's Newark, California lab put patients in \"immediate jeopardy,\" likely to cause \"serious injury or harm, or death.\" The government said that Theranos' own quality control tests had showed alarming rates of failure. The complaint led to Holmes' banishment from owning or operating a lab for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos also had to correct tens of thousands of blood tests. A high-profile alliance with Walgreens which put blood-testing centers in dozens of stores, collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company exited the consumer blood-testing business, lawsuits and more investigations ensued. and Theranos has been treading water ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Theranos tried to remake itself as the manufacturer of a portable device that could process small volumes of blood remotely and send the data back to a centralized location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the unveiling of the device, in front of a couple of thousand skeptical laboratory scientists, was mostly a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/210797/theranos-elizabeth-holmes-will-face-1000-scientists-monday-can-she-say-anything-to-gain-their-trust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dud, \u003c/a>with some expressing the opinion that it was nothing new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's \"Newsroom\" page pretty much tells the story at this point. Lots of \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press releases\u003c/a> about reaching settlements with various entities — the\u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2018/03/14/theranos-ceo-reach-settlement-sec/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SEC\u003c/a>, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Walgreens, the Arizona attorney general — and nary a word about any product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440127 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440127",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/14/theranos-and-elizabeth-holmes-charged-with-massive-fraud-by-sec/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 763,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1561753404,
"excerpt": "The SEC today charged the blood-testing company, its founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes, and its former Sunny Balwani with raising more than $700 million from investors through 'an elaborate, years-long fraud.'",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The SEC today charged the blood-testing company, its founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes, and its former Sunny Balwani with raising more than $700 million from investors through 'an elaborate, years-long fraud.'",
"title": "Theranos and Elizabeth Holmes Charged With 'Massive Fraud' by SEC | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Theranos and Elizabeth Holmes Charged With 'Massive Fraud' by SEC",
"datePublished": "2018-03-14T10:09:55-07:00",
"dateModified": "2019-06-28T13:23:24-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "theranos-and-elizabeth-holmes-charged-with-massive-fraud-by-sec",
"status": "publish",
"source": "Hope/Hype",
"path": "/futureofyou/440127/theranos-and-elizabeth-holmes-charged-with-massive-fraud-by-sec",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It started as a massive success story — a wunderkind female college dropout disrupting the blood-testing industry and empowering patients to take charge of their own health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>It ended as an almost archetypal cautionary tale about Silicon Valley hubris and its incompatibility with the slow developmental cycles of biomedicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Securities and Exchange Commission today charged Bay Area-based Theranos, its founder and CEO Elizabeth Holmes, and former president Sunny Balwani with \"massive fraud,\" in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2018-41\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">words\u003c/a> of the SEC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos' trangressions included \"raising more than $700 million from investors through an elaborate, years-long fraud in which they exaggerated or made false statements about the company's technology, business, and financial performance,\" according to the federal agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes has agreed to give up her majority voting control of the company and to a reduction in her equity, the SEC said. Holmes also agreed to pay a $500,000 penalty and is now barred from serving as an officer or director of a public company for 10 years. As part of the settlement, both she and the company neither admitted nor denied wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bulwani, apparently, has not settled. The SEC said it will litigate the charges against him in Northern California federal district court. Balwani's attorney told \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/03/14/theranos-ceo-holmes-and-former-president-balwani-charged-with-massive-fraud.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNBC\u003c/a> that the SEC action was \"unwarranted,\" and that Balwani \"accurately represented Theranos to investors to the best of his ability,\" taking on \"significant financial risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos still faces a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/19/business/theranos-sec-justice-department-investigation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">criminal investigation\u003c/a> by the U.S. Attorney's Office in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Hundreds of Blood Tests From a Few Drops of Blood\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crux of the charges against Theranos are that it made \"numerous false and misleading statements\" to investors that it had found a way to conduct hundreds of blood tests from just a few drops of blood, which would have revolutionized the blood-testing industry. But in reality, according to the SEC, Theranos could only perform a small number of tests this way, with the vast majority completed on standard commercial equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SEC also charges Theranos with claiming its technology was used by the military in Afghanistan, and that it would take in more than $100 million in revenue in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In truth, Theranos' technology was never deployed by the U.S. Department of Defense and generated a little more than $100,000 in revenue in 2014,\" the SEC said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos had been flying high that year, with Forbes valuing the company at $9 billion, and Holmes stake worth half that. Holmes had also attracted glowing media attention from the tech and business press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the story changed abruptly with the publication of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal investigation in 2015\u003c/a>. Reporter John Carreyrou alleged that the company had failed to report tests that showed its proprietary blood-testing equipment may not be accurate, and that it was not using its own technology for most tests, anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos responded by stating the Journal's reporting was inaccurate. \"First they think you're crazy. Then they fight you. And then all of a sudden you change the world,\" was Holmes' retort on Jim Cramer's CNBC show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Journal's investigation proved to be only the start of Theranos' woes. Soon, the federal government charged that deficiencies at the company's Newark, California lab put patients in \"immediate jeopardy,\" likely to cause \"serious injury or harm, or death.\" The government said that Theranos' own quality control tests had showed alarming rates of failure. The complaint led to Holmes' banishment from owning or operating a lab for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos also had to correct tens of thousands of blood tests. A high-profile alliance with Walgreens which put blood-testing centers in dozens of stores, collapsed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company exited the consumer blood-testing business, lawsuits and more investigations ensued. and Theranos has been treading water ever since.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, Theranos tried to remake itself as the manufacturer of a portable device that could process small volumes of blood remotely and send the data back to a centralized location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the unveiling of the device, in front of a couple of thousand skeptical laboratory scientists, was mostly a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/210797/theranos-elizabeth-holmes-will-face-1000-scientists-monday-can-she-say-anything-to-gain-their-trust\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dud, \u003c/a>with some expressing the opinion that it was nothing new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's \"Newsroom\" page pretty much tells the story at this point. Lots of \u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">press releases\u003c/a> about reaching settlements with various entities — the\u003ca href=\"https://news.theranos.com/2018/03/14/theranos-ceo-reach-settlement-sec/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> SEC\u003c/a>, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, Walgreens, the Arizona attorney general — and nary a word about any product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440127/theranos-and-elizabeth-holmes-charged-with-massive-fraud-by-sec",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_814",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_80",
"futureofyou_23",
"futureofyou_1472",
"futureofyou_617"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_216747",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440127"
},
"futureofyou_440027": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_440027",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "440027",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1520381149000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1520381149,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "As Surgery Centers Boom, Patients Are Paying With Their Lives",
"title": "As Surgery Centers Boom, Patients Are Paying With Their Lives",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The surgery went fine. Her doctors left for the day. Four hours later, Paulina Tam started gasping for air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal bleeding was cutting off her windpipe, a well-known complication of the spine surgery she had undergone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a Medicare inspection report describing the event says that nobody who remained on duty that evening at the Northern California surgery center knew what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In desperation, a nurse did something that would not happen in a hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She dialed 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time an ambulance delivered Tam to the emergency room, the 58-year-old mother of three was lifeless, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Tam had been operated on at a hospital, a few simple steps could have saved her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like hundreds of thousands of other patients each year, Tam went to one of the nation’s 5,600-plus surgery centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Some surgery centers risk patient lives by skimping on training or lifesaving equipment.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Such centers started nearly 50 years ago as low-cost alternatives for minor surgeries. They now outnumber hospitals as federal regulators have signed off on an ever-widening array of outpatient procedures in an effort to cut federal health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of times each year, these centers call 911 as patients experience complications ranging from minor to fatal. Yet no one knows how many people die as a result, because no national authority tracks the tragic outcomes. An investigation by Kaiser Health News and the USA TODAY Network has discovered that more than 260 patients have died since 2013 after in-and-out procedures at surgery centers across the country. Dozens — some as young as 2 — have perished after routine operations, such as colonoscopies and tonsillectomies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporters examined autopsy records, legal filings and more than 12,000 state and Medicare inspection records, and interviewed dozens of doctors, health policy experts and patients throughout the industry, in the most extensive examination of these records to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation revealed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgery centers have steadily expanded their business by taking on increasingly risky surgeries. At least 14 patients have died after complex spinal surgeries like those that federal regulators at Medicare recently approved for surgery centers. Even as the risks of doing such surgeries off a hospital campus can be great, so is the reward. Doctors who own a share of the center can earn their own fee and a cut of the facility’s fee, a meaningful sum for operations that can cost $100,000 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect patients, Medicare requires surgery centers to line up a local hospital to take their patients when emergencies arise. In rural areas, centers can be 15 or more miles away. Even when the hospital is close, 20 to 30 minutes can pass between a 911 call and arrival at an ER.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The money overshadows everything.'\u003ccite>Dr. Larry Teuber\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some surgery centers are accused of overlooking high-risk health problems and treat patients who experts say should be operated on only in hospitals, if at all. At least 25 people with underlying medical conditions have left surgery centers and died within minutes or days. They include an Ohio woman with out-of-control blood pressure, a 49-year-old West Virginia man awaiting a heart transplant and several children with sleep apnea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some surgery centers risk patient lives by skimping on training or lifesaving equipment. Others have sent patients home before they were fully recovered. On their drives home, shocked family members in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Georgia discovered their loved ones were not asleep but on the verge of death. Surgery centers have been criticized in cases where staff didn’t have the tools to open a difficult airway or skills to save a patient from bleeding to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most operations done in surgery centers go off without a hitch. And surgery carries risk, no matter where it’s done. Some centers have state-of-the-art equipment and highly trained staff that are better prepared to handle emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kaiser Health News and the USA TODAY Network found more than a dozen cases where the absence of trained staff or emergency equipment appears to have put patients in peril.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-436004 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/depression-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">And in cases similar to Tam’s, upper-spine surgery patients have been sent home too soon, with the risk of suffocation looming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, a 35-year-old Oregon father of three struggled for air, pounding the car roof in frustration while his wife sped him to a hospital. A Dallas man collapsed in his father’s arms waiting for an ambulance in 2011. Another Oregon man began to suffocate in his living room the night of his upper-spine surgery in 2014. A San Diego man gasped “like a fish,” his wife recalled, as they waited for an ambulance on April 28, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of them survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spinal surgery patient McArthur Roberson, 60, lost more than a quart of blood during the operation and struggled to breathe after surgery, his family claimed in a lawsuit. He died on the way home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he “had been observed in a hospital overnight,” said Dr. Daniel Silcox, an Atlanta spine surgeon and expert for the family in their lawsuit, “his death would not have occurred.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surgery center denied wrongdoing in the case, which reached a confidential settlement in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the health care field — from doctors to private insurance companies to Medicare — have dismissed the mounting deaths as medical anomalies beyond the control of physicians.[contextly_sidebar id=\"yGkONjf2A21M8TI9B7IbDLgIYlcEIWeB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USA TODAY Network and KHN reporters contacted 24 doctors and surgery center administrators about patient deaths and none would answer questions about what went wrong, citing patient privacy laws, or referring reporters to attorneys. Responding to lawsuits around the nation, surgery centers have argued that fatal complications were among the known outcomes of such surgeries. Two centers blamed patients for negligence in their own demise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Prentice, chief executive of the Ambulatory Surgery Center Association, declined to speak about individual cases but said he has seen no data proving surgery centers are less safe than hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing distinct or different about the surgery center model that makes the provision of health care any more dangerous than anywhere else,” Prentice said. “The human body is a mysterious thing, and a patient that has met every possible protocol can walk in that day and still have something unimaginable happen to them that has nothing to do with the care that’s being provided.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Dr. Kenneth Rothfield, board member of the Physician-Patient Alliance for Health & Safety, said many surgery centers and physicians push the envelope on how much can be done in outpatient centers.[contextly_sidebar id=\"nTpXhL5UY41KmxUslysOyQnfIH1Es3fu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to realize that surgery centers are not hospitals,” he said. “They have different resources, different equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The explosive growth of surgery centers — which receive $4.1 billion a year from Medicare — has taken place under circumstances some medical experts consider unseemly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law allows surgery center doctors — unlike others — to steer patients to facilities they own, rather than the full-service hospital down the street. In some cases, doing so could increase the risk to a patient, but double a physician’s profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prentice said physician ownership of surgery centers is a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The physicians who practice there are responsible for everything that happens in that surgery center from the moment the patient walks out of their car in the parking lot to the moment they leave,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several studies have shown that surgery center doctors who are owners perform operations more frequently. And in lawsuits across the country, surgery center doctors have been accused of taking risks with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some who’ve made their living in the surgery center industry have expressed concerns. Dr. Larry Teuber, a South Dakota neurosurgeon who worked as an executive in the surgery center industry for 22 years, said he has watched surgery center owners take on increasingly complex — and lucrative — orthopedic and spinal surgeries, undercutting a nearby hospital’s profits for their own gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re making money doing [complex surgeries] you get on a slippery ethical slope,” Teuber said. “The money overshadows everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The History\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first surgery center in the U.S. opened in Phoenix in 1970, a place “squeezed between neighborhood shops and a Baptist church,” where, for $90, a child could receive an incision to relieve pressure on the inner ear, The Arizona Republic reported at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pioneering doctors, John Ford and Wallace Reed, didn’t see why patients needed to be hospitalized for such minor surgeries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking the procedures out of hospitals reduced the cost for patients and insurers because surgery centers don’t require the same level of staffing or lifesaving equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare helped drive the expansion of surgery centers when it began paying for procedures in 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 1993, Congress encouraged doctors to open surgery centers by exempting them from the second Stark Law, which prevents doctors from steering patients to other businesses they own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440038\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-440038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-768x513.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surgeons passing scissors to each other \u003ccite>(gpointstudio/IStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Doctors-turned-entrepreneurs drove early growth, urging their patients to give the centers a chance. Seeing lucrative elective surgeries moving away, hospitals increasingly bought centers of their own. Last year, insurance giant UnitedHealth Group spent $2.3 billion buying a national surgery center chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centers have been popular with patients, who enjoy the convenience and personalized care. Doctors say they like the ease of planning operations without unexpected trauma surgeries upending the schedule. And surgery centers have thrived even as hospitals have battled to contain the spread of infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there are 5,616 Medicare-certified centers. The expansion has come despite lingering safety concerns. In 2007, Medicare noted that surgery centers “have neither patient safety standards consistent with those in place for hospitals, nor are they required to have the trained staff and equipment needed to provide the breadth of intensity of care. …” Some procedures are “unsafe” to be handled at surgery centers, the report concluded.[contextly_sidebar id=\"Oh8vuiOByjR9KfyFdmF17zW0bJKBCpIa\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare advised the centers to transfer patients to hospitals when emergencies arise. Only a third of surgery centers participate in a voluntary effort to report how often that happens. They sent at least 7,000 patients to the hospital in the year that ended in September 2017, a KHN analysis of surgery center industry data shows. Not all survive the trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include James Long, 56, who had no pulse when an ambulance came to the Colorado surgery center where he’d undergone more than five hours of lower-spine surgery in 2014, according to the center’s medical records provided to the family’s attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state reviewed the case and cited no deficiencies. Jen Kenitzer, the Minimally Invasive Spine Institute administrator, said the center has “extensive procedures in place to respond quickly and appropriately” in emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Long’s loved ones remain troubled by the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the 21st century in the USA, a doctor doing a surgery on a patient has to call 911?” said Robin Long, his ex-wife, who did not sue the center. “Give me a break. … It’s just absolutely ignorant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation Under Par\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients enter hospitals with heart attacks, gunshot wounds and traumatic injuries. There, doctors and nurses become skilled at saving lives in emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in surgery centers may excel at the procedures they perform most often. But the centers aren’t always prepared and sometimes struggle in a crisis, according to a review of Medicare records and more than 70 lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health inspectors working on behalf of Medicare have discovered 230 lapses in rescue equipment or training regulations at surgery centers since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A center in California had empty oxygen tanks. One operating on children in Arkansas didn’t have a pediatric tracheotomy set to restore breathing; another lacked pediatric defibrillator pads to shock hearts back into rhythm.[contextly_sidebar id=\"xgSiNPNFJJTyDToF3ZdazMurAQ4SAxDl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ongoing lawsuit against her and the center, anesthesiologist Dr. Yoori Yim testified that she came up empty-handed on Dec. 23, 2015, when grappling to find the right-sized airway tube to save a patient who had stopped breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rekhaben Shah, 67, had come to Oak Tree Surgery Center in Edison, N.J., for a simple colonoscopy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yim tried a variety of methods to help Shah breathe, with limited success. From the moment Shah stopped breathing on the operating table, 33 minutes passed before a paramedic effectively inserted a breathing tube, according to medical and EMS records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paramedics responding to the center’s 911 call had to use a video GlideScope to see inside the patient’s throat, equipment the surgery center didn’t have, court testimony says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then it was too late. Shah was removed from life support at a nearby hospital on Christmas Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Yim nor the center returned calls for comment. In court records, an expert for the surgery center said Shah’s airway was obstructed and it was cleared around the time the paramedics arrived. He said the GlideScope is not required in New Jersey, nor would it likely have made a difference. An expert for Yim, however, said her actions were appropriate and if a GlideScope had been at the center, “we would probably not be discussing this case at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When emergency crews arrive, surgery centers are not always prepared to receive them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Yim’s case, paramedics testified that she refused to move away from Shah and allow them to attempt lifesaving measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, paramedics who rushed to a surgery center after its usual operating hours hit a locked door while a patient inside gasped for breath. The 55-year-old remains in a vegetative state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, paramedics arrived at West Lakes Surgery Center in Iowa as staff tried to revive 12-year-old Reuben Van Veldhuizen after he experienced complications during a tonsillectomy, according to a Medicare inspection report.[contextly_sidebar id=\"iy3S1eIYgobood9l19mbUsM4p7gpgSwB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One paramedic told state inspectors she had to ask who was in charge of the resuscitation efforts. No one replied, the inspection report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boy made it to the hospital 37 minutes after the surgery center staff called 911. There, he was pronounced dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family filed suit, alleging that the center and anesthesiologist erred in giving the boy an anesthetic that carries a warning about cardiac arrest risk in young boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court records responding to the lawsuit, the surgery center and anesthesiologist said Reuben’s death was a result of “pre-existing conditions, acts of others, or conditions over which (Defendants) had no control or responsibility.”[contextly_sidebar id=\"VI9AZs5TNC51Y7UgdHVDpUXpakSmw0kK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet lawyers who sue the centers and scrutinize their internal records say they often see deadly delays in care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedro Maldonado, 59, went to Ambulatory Care Center in New Jersey to have his upper digestive tract scoped. He was discovered unresponsive 10 minutes after the seven-minute procedure, according to his widow’s lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took surgery center staff 25 more minutes to start CPR, according to a lawsuit that Philadelphia attorney Glenn Ellis filed on behalf of Maldonado’s widow. Twenty-seven more minutes passed before Maldonado was wheeled into an ER, the widow’s ongoing suit alleges. Maldonado never regained consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by phone, a center administrator declined to comment. In a legal filing, the center denied claims of wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a hospital, doctors and nurses … know how they are going to respond,” Ellis said. “These guys at the surgery centers are walking on a tightrope with no safety net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conveyor Belt Of Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the thrum of a hospital continues through the night, some surgery center doctors keep banker’s hours. That means patients whose surgeries end later in the day are sometimes left in the care of one or two nurses for up to 23-hour stays. Some patients have been sent home to grapple with complications on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sondra Wallace went to the Surgery Center of Oklahoma in early 2017 for a sinus procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the procedure, doctors saw her blood-oxygen level sinking. They realized she had had a reaction to the anesthesia and at 2 p.m. gave her a drug to reverse the effects, an ongoing lawsuit filed by her husband says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"9BEvkmOwOv0XN6LAFVyarPQ0ptuu9CWR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, an hour later, they sent her home with her husband, Larry, the lawsuit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 3 p.m. on the Friday before Presidents Day weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just think they wanted to start their three-day weekend,” said daughter Casey Podoll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Wallace alleges in the suit that the center gave him no hint that Sondra had a reaction to the anesthesia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Wallace thought nothing of her napping in the back seat as he drove for more than two hours through Oklahoma pastures on his way home. When he arrived, he discovered his wife cold in the back seat. She was pronounced dead at Jackson County Memorial Hospital at 6:30 p.m. that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t give any indication … that there were any red flags whatsoever,” Podoll said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Buchan, attorney for the Surgery Center of Oklahoma, said Wallace met discharge criteria and her cause of death has not been determined. He said the center did not close any earlier “than often occurs after the last patient is discharged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cecilia Aldridge said she also felt as if the staff at a surgery center was rushing her out the door, after her 2-year-old daughter’s tonsil surgery in Arkansas in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lawsuit filed by the parents said the surgery center “discharged Abbygail too early because a snow storm was moving into the area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbygail turned blue in the car on the way home. Her mother said she raced into an emergency room, shouting for help, her toddler in her arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She never woke up,” Aldridge said tearfully in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbygail’s parents now question whether the surgery center ever should have been willing to treat their daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risky Patients\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because surgery centers have less safety equipment and staffing than hospitals, industry leaders stress the importance of selecting patients healthy enough to fare well. Their predictions, though, are not always correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbygail, who loved her hand-me-down blanket and the film “Frozen,” had sleep apnea, an irregular heartbeat and was very heavy for her age, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep apnea increases the risk of serious complications in surgery and the night after, medical research shows. Given her condition, Abbygail “should have been admitted [to a hospital] and monitored post-procedure,” said Dr. Charles Cote, a retired Harvard pediatric anesthesiology professor who was not involved in the family’s lawsuit.[contextly_sidebar id=\"gjUHM4nwVAL7lCCCNoVNHgGksiZfeuxR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit says Abbygail’s risk factors “were documented and known by the Defendants,” including the doctor. It said the toddler should have been operated on “in an inpatient setting under hospital care and monitored overnight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Marsh performed Abbygail’s tonsillectomy at Executive Park Surgery Center in Fort Smith, Ark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surgery center’s lawyer declined to comment. The doctor’s lawyer did not return email and voice messages. In court documents responding to the lawsuit, Marsh and the center denied wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the court filing, Marsh said the toddler’s injuries were “the natural progression” of her illness. Executive Park Surgery Center said in a court filing that “no action on their part … was a proximate cause of any damages or injury.” The case was settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least 25 cases, surgery centers opened their doors to ailing and fragile patients who died after simple procedures, such as tonsillectomies, retinal repairs or colonoscopies, KHN and USA TODAY Network found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare asks surgery centers to assess each patient’s risk, but inspectors flagged 122 surgery centers in 2015 and 2016 alone for lapses in risk assessments. Some centers failed to gauge risk at all. Others overlooked their own policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors can use an anesthesia risk assessment to screen out fragile patients — healthy patients get a score of 1, and a score of 5 means a person is nearly dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few states, including Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, bar certain surgery centers from operating on patients with an anesthesia risk score of 4. But most states don’t go that far. They leave such decisions up to doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of those decisions have been cited in tragic outcomes. Sabino Sifuentes, 74, had survived triple-bypass surgery. But on March 23, 2015, nine minutes after the start of anesthesia for an eye procedure, he became unresponsive, never to be revived, according to a Medicare inspection report. A nurse anesthetist who reviewed the case at Eye-Q Vision Care’s surgery center in Fresno, Calif., told state health inspectors that Sifuentes should have been given a risk score of 4 and his care was “completely mismanaged,” the inspection report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the family’s lawsuit, the surgery center said Sifuentes’ injury was caused by his own negligence and others’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five other patients with the same risk score died after routine procedures at surgery centers across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Widening Niche\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such tragedies rarely find their way into the discussion when Medicare decides whether to approve new procedures at surgery centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take spinal surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until 2015, Medicare wouldn’t pay for it at surgery centers. Then, the industry’s trade association urged the agency to make the change, and encouraged a letter-writing campaign from surgery centers across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Letter writers included Dr. Alan Villavicencio, a Colorado surgeon who said he’d been doing such surgeries for 12 years and found that his patients “appreciate the convenience and cost savings.” He did not mention that James Long, 56, had died three weeks earlier at a Lafayette, Colo., surgery center where he is an owner, a review of Colorado health department and medical board records shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Surgical Partners International, a surgery center chain, also weighed in urging even more procedures to be approved, not mentioning a patient death hours after a spine surgery at one of its affiliate centers several months before, according to court records and securities filings. The chain said in a statement that it stands behind its comments in support of the proposal.[contextly_sidebar id=\"VpVDiD85oVGnFVcTHpIcD2xozEou9ew9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such letters carry weight with Medicare, which approves procedures to be done in surgery centers based on the invasiveness and complexity of the surgery and on input from stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Beatty-Walters, a Portland, Ore., attorney who has represented the families of three people who died after surgery center spine procedures, said Medicare’s decision-making process is not even-handed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stakeholders — they call them — during these regulatory proceedings are the profit-makers, not the people who are being provided the service,” he said. “The spine centers just want to have more people come. They make more money. I hate to be that cynical about it, but that’s just what I’ve seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare approved 10 spine-surgery codes to be billed at surgery centers starting in 2015 and added more spinal procedures for 2017. A Medicare spokesman denied a request for a telephone interview. In an email, a spokeswoman said Medicare opened the spine proposal to the public and received no comments suggesting the procedures would pose a threat to Medicare patients. She said the final decision about where a patient will have surgery is up to a doctor and patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2017, at least 14 patients had died soon after spine operations at surgery centers, according to the KHN/USA TODAY Network investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 14 spine-surgery deaths have gleaned little recognition in the industry or beyond. Only one made headlines in local newspapers. The rest are documented in places like the Macon, Ga., courthouse or in obscure regulatory reports. And there may be far more because some states, including New York, Illinois and Florida, disclose no details about surgery center deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paulina Tam’s death at Fremont Surgery Center was a tragic example. At 58, the mother of three had finished careers as a nurse and an educator. Next, she planned to travel the world with her husband of 32 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was the driving force of the family, the spirit I guess,” said her son, Eric Tam, a doctor in New York City, said. “We didn’t expect the worst to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The care she received at the center is documented in court records, EMS reports and a Medicare inspection report that concluded that the center “failed to provide a safe environment for surgery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tam’s doctor scheduled her for a procedure to replace two discs in her upper spine on April 7, 2014. Pain from a car crash had bothered her for years. Any such surgery — entering the front of the neck to address pain in the spine — comes with a risk of suffocation, according to the Medicare inspection report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, with her surgeon and anesthesiologist already gone, the only doctor on-site was a digestive health specialist, the inspection report shows. About four hours after her procedure, Tam told a nurse that her surgical collar felt too tight. Then, that she couldn’t breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nurse called a “code blue” just after 6:30 p.m., records say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts say the first step in helping such patients is removing the surgical staples so the pooled blood can disperse, allowing the patient to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Tam’s case, staff repeatedly tried and failed to insert a breathing tube through her mouth and into her airway, the inspection report shows. A last-ditch remedy would have been to punch a hole through the front of her throat to restore breathing, but the gastroenterologist later told an inspector that he was “not prepared” to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inability to perform the suffocation-rescue maneuver, the inspection report says, amounted to the center’s “failure to ensure patient safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the time a nurse called 911, it took 24 minutes to get Tam to the nearest hospital, EMS records show. She arrived without a pulse and remained on life support overnight, as her children raced to her bedside to say goodbye.[contextly_sidebar id=\"bLBYWBIiszrFf7LXQxCNRj9SYTbpB4ln\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center did not return calls and denied wrongdoing in the court case. Tam’s surgeon declined to discuss the case but filed pleadings in court saying Tam’s “carelessness and negligence” caused her death. It’s unclear what the defense meant by negligence. The case reached a confidential settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Tam’s death, the center told Medicare inspectors that a qualified doctor would stay on-site after all upper-spine cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nancy Epstein, chief of neurosurgical and spine care at New York University Winthrop Hospital, said surgery centers doing delicate work near the spinal cord, windpipe and esophagus in a same-day procedure is “pretty revolting.” But she said the centers are making so much money — “reeling it in hand over fist” that the potential dangers are being ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medically, it should not be tolerated,” she said, “but it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lindy Washburn of The (Bergen County, N.J.) Record and NorthJersey.com contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "440027 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=440027",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/06/as-surgery-centers-boom-patients-are-paying-with-their-lives/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 4692,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 136
},
"modified": 1520993480,
"excerpt": "How a push to cut costs and boost profits at surgery centers led to a trail of death. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "How a push to cut costs and boost profits at surgery centers led to a trail of death. ",
"title": "As Surgery Centers Boom, Patients Are Paying With Their Lives | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "As Surgery Centers Boom, Patients Are Paying With Their Lives",
"datePublished": "2018-03-06T16:05:49-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-13T19:11:20-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "as-surgery-centers-boom-patients-are-paying-with-their-lives",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Christina Jewett\u003cbr />Kaiser Health News\u003cbr />Mark Alesia\u003cbr />USA TODAY",
"source": "Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/440027/as-surgery-centers-boom-patients-are-paying-with-their-lives",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The surgery went fine. Her doctors left for the day. Four hours later, Paulina Tam started gasping for air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal bleeding was cutting off her windpipe, a well-known complication of the spine surgery she had undergone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a Medicare inspection report describing the event says that nobody who remained on duty that evening at the Northern California surgery center knew what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In desperation, a nurse did something that would not happen in a hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She dialed 911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time an ambulance delivered Tam to the emergency room, the 58-year-old mother of three was lifeless, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Tam had been operated on at a hospital, a few simple steps could have saved her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like hundreds of thousands of other patients each year, Tam went to one of the nation’s 5,600-plus surgery centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Some surgery centers risk patient lives by skimping on training or lifesaving equipment.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Such centers started nearly 50 years ago as low-cost alternatives for minor surgeries. They now outnumber hospitals as federal regulators have signed off on an ever-widening array of outpatient procedures in an effort to cut federal health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of times each year, these centers call 911 as patients experience complications ranging from minor to fatal. Yet no one knows how many people die as a result, because no national authority tracks the tragic outcomes. An investigation by Kaiser Health News and the USA TODAY Network has discovered that more than 260 patients have died since 2013 after in-and-out procedures at surgery centers across the country. Dozens — some as young as 2 — have perished after routine operations, such as colonoscopies and tonsillectomies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reporters examined autopsy records, legal filings and more than 12,000 state and Medicare inspection records, and interviewed dozens of doctors, health policy experts and patients throughout the industry, in the most extensive examination of these records to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation revealed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Surgery centers have steadily expanded their business by taking on increasingly risky surgeries. At least 14 patients have died after complex spinal surgeries like those that federal regulators at Medicare recently approved for surgery centers. Even as the risks of doing such surgeries off a hospital campus can be great, so is the reward. Doctors who own a share of the center can earn their own fee and a cut of the facility’s fee, a meaningful sum for operations that can cost $100,000 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect patients, Medicare requires surgery centers to line up a local hospital to take their patients when emergencies arise. In rural areas, centers can be 15 or more miles away. Even when the hospital is close, 20 to 30 minutes can pass between a 911 call and arrival at an ER.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The money overshadows everything.'\u003ccite>Dr. Larry Teuber\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Some surgery centers are accused of overlooking high-risk health problems and treat patients who experts say should be operated on only in hospitals, if at all. At least 25 people with underlying medical conditions have left surgery centers and died within minutes or days. They include an Ohio woman with out-of-control blood pressure, a 49-year-old West Virginia man awaiting a heart transplant and several children with sleep apnea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some surgery centers risk patient lives by skimping on training or lifesaving equipment. Others have sent patients home before they were fully recovered. On their drives home, shocked family members in Arkansas, Oklahoma and Georgia discovered their loved ones were not asleep but on the verge of death. Surgery centers have been criticized in cases where staff didn’t have the tools to open a difficult airway or skills to save a patient from bleeding to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most operations done in surgery centers go off without a hitch. And surgery carries risk, no matter where it’s done. Some centers have state-of-the-art equipment and highly trained staff that are better prepared to handle emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kaiser Health News and the USA TODAY Network found more than a dozen cases where the absence of trained staff or emergency equipment appears to have put patients in peril.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-436004 alignleft\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/10/depression-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">And in cases similar to Tam’s, upper-spine surgery patients have been sent home too soon, with the risk of suffocation looming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, a 35-year-old Oregon father of three struggled for air, pounding the car roof in frustration while his wife sped him to a hospital. A Dallas man collapsed in his father’s arms waiting for an ambulance in 2011. Another Oregon man began to suffocate in his living room the night of his upper-spine surgery in 2014. A San Diego man gasped “like a fish,” his wife recalled, as they waited for an ambulance on April 28, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of them survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spinal surgery patient McArthur Roberson, 60, lost more than a quart of blood during the operation and struggled to breathe after surgery, his family claimed in a lawsuit. He died on the way home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he “had been observed in a hospital overnight,” said Dr. Daniel Silcox, an Atlanta spine surgeon and expert for the family in their lawsuit, “his death would not have occurred.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surgery center denied wrongdoing in the case, which reached a confidential settlement in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many in the health care field — from doctors to private insurance companies to Medicare — have dismissed the mounting deaths as medical anomalies beyond the control of physicians.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USA TODAY Network and KHN reporters contacted 24 doctors and surgery center administrators about patient deaths and none would answer questions about what went wrong, citing patient privacy laws, or referring reporters to attorneys. Responding to lawsuits around the nation, surgery centers have argued that fatal complications were among the known outcomes of such surgeries. Two centers blamed patients for negligence in their own demise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Prentice, chief executive of the Ambulatory Surgery Center Association, declined to speak about individual cases but said he has seen no data proving surgery centers are less safe than hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing distinct or different about the surgery center model that makes the provision of health care any more dangerous than anywhere else,” Prentice said. “The human body is a mysterious thing, and a patient that has met every possible protocol can walk in that day and still have something unimaginable happen to them that has nothing to do with the care that’s being provided.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Dr. Kenneth Rothfield, board member of the Physician-Patient Alliance for Health & Safety, said many surgery centers and physicians push the envelope on how much can be done in outpatient centers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to realize that surgery centers are not hospitals,” he said. “They have different resources, different equipment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The explosive growth of surgery centers — which receive $4.1 billion a year from Medicare — has taken place under circumstances some medical experts consider unseemly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law allows surgery center doctors — unlike others — to steer patients to facilities they own, rather than the full-service hospital down the street. In some cases, doing so could increase the risk to a patient, but double a physician’s profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prentice said physician ownership of surgery centers is a good thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The physicians who practice there are responsible for everything that happens in that surgery center from the moment the patient walks out of their car in the parking lot to the moment they leave,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several studies have shown that surgery center doctors who are owners perform operations more frequently. And in lawsuits across the country, surgery center doctors have been accused of taking risks with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some who’ve made their living in the surgery center industry have expressed concerns. Dr. Larry Teuber, a South Dakota neurosurgeon who worked as an executive in the surgery center industry for 22 years, said he has watched surgery center owners take on increasingly complex — and lucrative — orthopedic and spinal surgeries, undercutting a nearby hospital’s profits for their own gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re making money doing [complex surgeries] you get on a slippery ethical slope,” Teuber said. “The money overshadows everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The History\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first surgery center in the U.S. opened in Phoenix in 1970, a place “squeezed between neighborhood shops and a Baptist church,” where, for $90, a child could receive an incision to relieve pressure on the inner ear, The Arizona Republic reported at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pioneering doctors, John Ford and Wallace Reed, didn’t see why patients needed to be hospitalized for such minor surgeries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking the procedures out of hospitals reduced the cost for patients and insurers because surgery centers don’t require the same level of staffing or lifesaving equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare helped drive the expansion of surgery centers when it began paying for procedures in 1982.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 1993, Congress encouraged doctors to open surgery centers by exempting them from the second Stark Law, which prevents doctors from steering patients to other businesses they own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_440038\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-440038\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-768x513.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-1920x1281.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/03/iStock-638540542-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Surgeons passing scissors to each other \u003ccite>(gpointstudio/IStock)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Doctors-turned-entrepreneurs drove early growth, urging their patients to give the centers a chance. Seeing lucrative elective surgeries moving away, hospitals increasingly bought centers of their own. Last year, insurance giant UnitedHealth Group spent $2.3 billion buying a national surgery center chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centers have been popular with patients, who enjoy the convenience and personalized care. Doctors say they like the ease of planning operations without unexpected trauma surgeries upending the schedule. And surgery centers have thrived even as hospitals have battled to contain the spread of infections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there are 5,616 Medicare-certified centers. The expansion has come despite lingering safety concerns. In 2007, Medicare noted that surgery centers “have neither patient safety standards consistent with those in place for hospitals, nor are they required to have the trained staff and equipment needed to provide the breadth of intensity of care. …” Some procedures are “unsafe” to be handled at surgery centers, the report concluded.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare advised the centers to transfer patients to hospitals when emergencies arise. Only a third of surgery centers participate in a voluntary effort to report how often that happens. They sent at least 7,000 patients to the hospital in the year that ended in September 2017, a KHN analysis of surgery center industry data shows. Not all survive the trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include James Long, 56, who had no pulse when an ambulance came to the Colorado surgery center where he’d undergone more than five hours of lower-spine surgery in 2014, according to the center’s medical records provided to the family’s attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state reviewed the case and cited no deficiencies. Jen Kenitzer, the Minimally Invasive Spine Institute administrator, said the center has “extensive procedures in place to respond quickly and appropriately” in emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Long’s loved ones remain troubled by the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the 21st century in the USA, a doctor doing a surgery on a patient has to call 911?” said Robin Long, his ex-wife, who did not sue the center. “Give me a break. … It’s just absolutely ignorant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Preparation Under Par\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patients enter hospitals with heart attacks, gunshot wounds and traumatic injuries. There, doctors and nurses become skilled at saving lives in emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors in surgery centers may excel at the procedures they perform most often. But the centers aren’t always prepared and sometimes struggle in a crisis, according to a review of Medicare records and more than 70 lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health inspectors working on behalf of Medicare have discovered 230 lapses in rescue equipment or training regulations at surgery centers since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A center in California had empty oxygen tanks. One operating on children in Arkansas didn’t have a pediatric tracheotomy set to restore breathing; another lacked pediatric defibrillator pads to shock hearts back into rhythm.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an ongoing lawsuit against her and the center, anesthesiologist Dr. Yoori Yim testified that she came up empty-handed on Dec. 23, 2015, when grappling to find the right-sized airway tube to save a patient who had stopped breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rekhaben Shah, 67, had come to Oak Tree Surgery Center in Edison, N.J., for a simple colonoscopy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yim tried a variety of methods to help Shah breathe, with limited success. From the moment Shah stopped breathing on the operating table, 33 minutes passed before a paramedic effectively inserted a breathing tube, according to medical and EMS records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paramedics responding to the center’s 911 call had to use a video GlideScope to see inside the patient’s throat, equipment the surgery center didn’t have, court testimony says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By then it was too late. Shah was removed from life support at a nearby hospital on Christmas Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Yim nor the center returned calls for comment. In court records, an expert for the surgery center said Shah’s airway was obstructed and it was cleared around the time the paramedics arrived. He said the GlideScope is not required in New Jersey, nor would it likely have made a difference. An expert for Yim, however, said her actions were appropriate and if a GlideScope had been at the center, “we would probably not be discussing this case at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When emergency crews arrive, surgery centers are not always prepared to receive them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Yim’s case, paramedics testified that she refused to move away from Shah and allow them to attempt lifesaving measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Florida, paramedics who rushed to a surgery center after its usual operating hours hit a locked door while a patient inside gasped for breath. The 55-year-old remains in a vegetative state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, paramedics arrived at West Lakes Surgery Center in Iowa as staff tried to revive 12-year-old Reuben Van Veldhuizen after he experienced complications during a tonsillectomy, according to a Medicare inspection report.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One paramedic told state inspectors she had to ask who was in charge of the resuscitation efforts. No one replied, the inspection report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boy made it to the hospital 37 minutes after the surgery center staff called 911. There, he was pronounced dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family filed suit, alleging that the center and anesthesiologist erred in giving the boy an anesthetic that carries a warning about cardiac arrest risk in young boys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court records responding to the lawsuit, the surgery center and anesthesiologist said Reuben’s death was a result of “pre-existing conditions, acts of others, or conditions over which (Defendants) had no control or responsibility.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet lawyers who sue the centers and scrutinize their internal records say they often see deadly delays in care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedro Maldonado, 59, went to Ambulatory Care Center in New Jersey to have his upper digestive tract scoped. He was discovered unresponsive 10 minutes after the seven-minute procedure, according to his widow’s lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took surgery center staff 25 more minutes to start CPR, according to a lawsuit that Philadelphia attorney Glenn Ellis filed on behalf of Maldonado’s widow. Twenty-seven more minutes passed before Maldonado was wheeled into an ER, the widow’s ongoing suit alleges. Maldonado never regained consciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reached by phone, a center administrator declined to comment. In a legal filing, the center denied claims of wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a hospital, doctors and nurses … know how they are going to respond,” Ellis said. “These guys at the surgery centers are walking on a tightrope with no safety net.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conveyor Belt Of Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the thrum of a hospital continues through the night, some surgery center doctors keep banker’s hours. That means patients whose surgeries end later in the day are sometimes left in the care of one or two nurses for up to 23-hour stays. Some patients have been sent home to grapple with complications on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sondra Wallace went to the Surgery Center of Oklahoma in early 2017 for a sinus procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the procedure, doctors saw her blood-oxygen level sinking. They realized she had had a reaction to the anesthesia and at 2 p.m. gave her a drug to reverse the effects, an ongoing lawsuit filed by her husband says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, an hour later, they sent her home with her husband, Larry, the lawsuit says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was 3 p.m. on the Friday before Presidents Day weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just think they wanted to start their three-day weekend,” said daughter Casey Podoll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larry Wallace alleges in the suit that the center gave him no hint that Sondra had a reaction to the anesthesia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Wallace thought nothing of her napping in the back seat as he drove for more than two hours through Oklahoma pastures on his way home. When he arrived, he discovered his wife cold in the back seat. She was pronounced dead at Jackson County Memorial Hospital at 6:30 p.m. that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t give any indication … that there were any red flags whatsoever,” Podoll said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Craig Buchan, attorney for the Surgery Center of Oklahoma, said Wallace met discharge criteria and her cause of death has not been determined. He said the center did not close any earlier “than often occurs after the last patient is discharged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cecilia Aldridge said she also felt as if the staff at a surgery center was rushing her out the door, after her 2-year-old daughter’s tonsil surgery in Arkansas in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lawsuit filed by the parents said the surgery center “discharged Abbygail too early because a snow storm was moving into the area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbygail turned blue in the car on the way home. Her mother said she raced into an emergency room, shouting for help, her toddler in her arms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She never woke up,” Aldridge said tearfully in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbygail’s parents now question whether the surgery center ever should have been willing to treat their daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Risky Patients\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because surgery centers have less safety equipment and staffing than hospitals, industry leaders stress the importance of selecting patients healthy enough to fare well. Their predictions, though, are not always correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbygail, who loved her hand-me-down blanket and the film “Frozen,” had sleep apnea, an irregular heartbeat and was very heavy for her age, according to the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleep apnea increases the risk of serious complications in surgery and the night after, medical research shows. Given her condition, Abbygail “should have been admitted [to a hospital] and monitored post-procedure,” said Dr. Charles Cote, a retired Harvard pediatric anesthesiology professor who was not involved in the family’s lawsuit.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit says Abbygail’s risk factors “were documented and known by the Defendants,” including the doctor. It said the toddler should have been operated on “in an inpatient setting under hospital care and monitored overnight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Marsh performed Abbygail’s tonsillectomy at Executive Park Surgery Center in Fort Smith, Ark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surgery center’s lawyer declined to comment. The doctor’s lawyer did not return email and voice messages. In court documents responding to the lawsuit, Marsh and the center denied wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the court filing, Marsh said the toddler’s injuries were “the natural progression” of her illness. Executive Park Surgery Center said in a court filing that “no action on their part … was a proximate cause of any damages or injury.” The case was settled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In at least 25 cases, surgery centers opened their doors to ailing and fragile patients who died after simple procedures, such as tonsillectomies, retinal repairs or colonoscopies, KHN and USA TODAY Network found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare asks surgery centers to assess each patient’s risk, but inspectors flagged 122 surgery centers in 2015 and 2016 alone for lapses in risk assessments. Some centers failed to gauge risk at all. Others overlooked their own policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors can use an anesthesia risk assessment to screen out fragile patients — healthy patients get a score of 1, and a score of 5 means a person is nearly dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few states, including Pennsylvania and Rhode Island, bar certain surgery centers from operating on patients with an anesthesia risk score of 4. But most states don’t go that far. They leave such decisions up to doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some of those decisions have been cited in tragic outcomes. Sabino Sifuentes, 74, had survived triple-bypass surgery. But on March 23, 2015, nine minutes after the start of anesthesia for an eye procedure, he became unresponsive, never to be revived, according to a Medicare inspection report. A nurse anesthetist who reviewed the case at Eye-Q Vision Care’s surgery center in Fresno, Calif., told state health inspectors that Sifuentes should have been given a risk score of 4 and his care was “completely mismanaged,” the inspection report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the family’s lawsuit, the surgery center said Sifuentes’ injury was caused by his own negligence and others’.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five other patients with the same risk score died after routine procedures at surgery centers across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Widening Niche\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such tragedies rarely find their way into the discussion when Medicare decides whether to approve new procedures at surgery centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take spinal surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until 2015, Medicare wouldn’t pay for it at surgery centers. Then, the industry’s trade association urged the agency to make the change, and encouraged a letter-writing campaign from surgery centers across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Letter writers included Dr. Alan Villavicencio, a Colorado surgeon who said he’d been doing such surgeries for 12 years and found that his patients “appreciate the convenience and cost savings.” He did not mention that James Long, 56, had died three weeks earlier at a Lafayette, Colo., surgery center where he is an owner, a review of Colorado health department and medical board records shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Surgical Partners International, a surgery center chain, also weighed in urging even more procedures to be approved, not mentioning a patient death hours after a spine surgery at one of its affiliate centers several months before, according to court records and securities filings. The chain said in a statement that it stands behind its comments in support of the proposal.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such letters carry weight with Medicare, which approves procedures to be done in surgery centers based on the invasiveness and complexity of the surgery and on input from stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Beatty-Walters, a Portland, Ore., attorney who has represented the families of three people who died after surgery center spine procedures, said Medicare’s decision-making process is not even-handed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stakeholders — they call them — during these regulatory proceedings are the profit-makers, not the people who are being provided the service,” he said. “The spine centers just want to have more people come. They make more money. I hate to be that cynical about it, but that’s just what I’ve seen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medicare approved 10 spine-surgery codes to be billed at surgery centers starting in 2015 and added more spinal procedures for 2017. A Medicare spokesman denied a request for a telephone interview. In an email, a spokeswoman said Medicare opened the spine proposal to the public and received no comments suggesting the procedures would pose a threat to Medicare patients. She said the final decision about where a patient will have surgery is up to a doctor and patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2017, at least 14 patients had died soon after spine operations at surgery centers, according to the KHN/USA TODAY Network investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 14 spine-surgery deaths have gleaned little recognition in the industry or beyond. Only one made headlines in local newspapers. The rest are documented in places like the Macon, Ga., courthouse or in obscure regulatory reports. And there may be far more because some states, including New York, Illinois and Florida, disclose no details about surgery center deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paulina Tam’s death at Fremont Surgery Center was a tragic example. At 58, the mother of three had finished careers as a nurse and an educator. Next, she planned to travel the world with her husband of 32 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was the driving force of the family, the spirit I guess,” said her son, Eric Tam, a doctor in New York City, said. “We didn’t expect the worst to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The care she received at the center is documented in court records, EMS reports and a Medicare inspection report that concluded that the center “failed to provide a safe environment for surgery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tam’s doctor scheduled her for a procedure to replace two discs in her upper spine on April 7, 2014. Pain from a car crash had bothered her for years. Any such surgery — entering the front of the neck to address pain in the spine — comes with a risk of suffocation, according to the Medicare inspection report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, with her surgeon and anesthesiologist already gone, the only doctor on-site was a digestive health specialist, the inspection report shows. About four hours after her procedure, Tam told a nurse that her surgical collar felt too tight. Then, that she couldn’t breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nurse called a “code blue” just after 6:30 p.m., records say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts say the first step in helping such patients is removing the surgical staples so the pooled blood can disperse, allowing the patient to breathe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Tam’s case, staff repeatedly tried and failed to insert a breathing tube through her mouth and into her airway, the inspection report shows. A last-ditch remedy would have been to punch a hole through the front of her throat to restore breathing, but the gastroenterologist later told an inspector that he was “not prepared” to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inability to perform the suffocation-rescue maneuver, the inspection report says, amounted to the center’s “failure to ensure patient safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the time a nurse called 911, it took 24 minutes to get Tam to the nearest hospital, EMS records show. She arrived without a pulse and remained on life support overnight, as her children raced to her bedside to say goodbye.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center did not return calls and denied wrongdoing in the court case. Tam’s surgeon declined to discuss the case but filed pleadings in court saying Tam’s “carelessness and negligence” caused her death. It’s unclear what the defense meant by negligence. The case reached a confidential settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Tam’s death, the center told Medicare inspectors that a qualified doctor would stay on-site after all upper-spine cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Nancy Epstein, chief of neurosurgical and spine care at New York University Winthrop Hospital, said surgery centers doing delicate work near the spinal cord, windpipe and esophagus in a same-day procedure is “pretty revolting.” But she said the centers are making so much money — “reeling it in hand over fist” that the potential dangers are being ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Medically, it should not be tolerated,” she said, “but it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lindy Washburn of The (Bergen County, N.J.) Record and NorthJersey.com contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/440027/as-surgery-centers-boom-patients-are-paying-with-their-lives",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_440027"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_190",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_685",
"futureofyou_177",
"futureofyou_1056",
"futureofyou_349"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_440030",
"label": "source_futureofyou_440027"
},
"futureofyou_439905": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439905",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439905",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1520023228000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1520023228,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Blindsided: Why Was This Woman Charged $17,850 For a Urine Test?",
"title": "Blindsided: Why Was This Woman Charged $17,850 For a Urine Test?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>In her late 20s and attending college in Texas, Elizabeth Moreno suffered from debilitating back pain caused by a spinal abnormality. \"I just could not live with the pain,\" she says. \"I couldn't get dressed by myself, I couldn't walk across my house, let alone to class, and nothing, no drug that had been prescribed to me, even dulled the pain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreno says she also tried chiropractic medicine and acupuncture, but they didn't make the pain go away. Finally, a doctor at the student health center referred her to an orthopedic specialist who performed tests and concluded a disk was blocking nerves down her legs and needed to be removed. Moreno's father, a retired Ohio doctor who had seen many failed back surgeries over his career, agreed it was the best course.[contextly_sidebar id=\"vqKuq9OjOhBxcXMb7vV8YzSosJA1vjwK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2015, Moreno had the operation in Houston, which she described as \"a complete success.\" She gave it little thought when the surgical office asked her to leave a urine sample for a drug test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the bill came.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Patient:\u003c/strong> Elizabeth Moreno, then 28, a student at Texas State University in San Marcos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Total bill:\u003c/strong> $17,850 for a urine test in January 2016\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Service provider:\u003c/strong> Sunset Labs LLC of Houston\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Urine drug testing has exploded over the past decade amid alarm over rising opioid overdose deaths.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical treatment:\u003c/strong> Moreno had a disk removed from her back in December 2015. Her surgeon prescribed an opioid painkiller, hydrocodone. At a follow-up office visit in mid-January 2016, the staff asked her to leave a urine sample, which she figured was routine. In March 2017, the lab sent her a bill for $17,850 for testing her urine for a slew of drugs, including cocaine, methadone, anti-anxiety drugs and several other drugs she had never heard of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What gives:\u003c/strong> Urine drug testing has exploded over the past decade amid alarm over rising opioid overdose deaths. Many doctors who prescribe the pills rely on the urine tests to help reduce drug abuse and keep patients with chronic pain safe. Yet the tests have become a cash cow for a burgeoning testing industry, and critics charge that unneeded and often expensive ones are sometimes ordered for profit rather than patient care. Doctors can decide whether to test patients who take opioids for short periods, such as after an operation. Moreno's surgeon would not discuss her urine test — why he ordered it and why the sample was tested for so many substances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three experts contacted by Kaiser Health News questioned the need for such extensive testing and were shocked to hear of the lab's prices. They said these tests rarely cost more than $200, and typically much less, depending on the complexity and the technology used. Some doctors' offices use a simple cup test, which can detect several classes of drugs on the spot and could be purchased for about $10. Bills can climb higher when labs run tests to detect the quantity of specific drugs and bill for each one, as the lab did here.[contextly_sidebar id=\"mnWbYp5KSicKpyA8MvvQPncVSL8Nauim\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts said the lab's prices for individual tests were excessive, such as charging $1,700 to check for amphetamines or $425 to identify phencyclidine, an illegal hallucinogenic drug also known as PCP. They also criticized a charge of $850 for two tests to verify that her urine sample had not been adulterated or tampered with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreno's insurer, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas, refused to pay any of the bill, arguing that the lab was out of network and thus not covered. Had it chipped in, it would have covered the service at $100.92, according to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4353248-Blue-Cross-Blue-Shield-EOB-for-Urine-Drug-Screen.html\">explanation of benefits\u003c/a> the insurance company sent to Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunset Labs says its list prices were \"in line\" with its competitors in the area. It also said doctors treating pain agree extensive urine testing is \"the best course of action\" and that a lab \"is not in the position\" to question tests ordered by a doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resolution:\u003c/strong> Fearing damage to his daughter's credit rating, Moreno's father, Dr. Paul Davis, paid the lab $5,000 to settle the bill in April 2017. A retired doctor, he also has filed a formal complaint about the bill with the Texas attorney general's office, accusing the lab of \"price gouging of staggering proportions.\" The lab's attorney said he was not aware of the complaint. A Texas attorney general's spokesperson confirmed to KHN that the office had received complaints about the lab but declined further comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The takeaway:\u003c/strong> When a physician asks for a urine or blood sample, always ask what it's for. Insist that it be sent to a lab in your insurance network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"hr\">\n\u003chr>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the debut of a monthly feature from Kaiser Health News and NPR that will dissect and explain real medical bills to shed light on prices in U.S. health care and to help patients learn how to be more active in managing costs. Do you have a medical bill that you'd like us to see and scrutinize? Submit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/13/585549568/share-your-medical-bill-with-us\">it here and tell us\u003c/a>\u003cem> the story behind it.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439905 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439905",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/02/blindsided-why-was-this-woman-charged-17850-for-a-urine-test/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 871,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1520023228,
"excerpt": "Urine tests have exploded amid alarm over opioid abuse and critics say the tests have become a cash cow.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Urine tests have exploded amid alarm over opioid abuse and critics say the tests have become a cash cow.",
"title": "Blindsided: Why Was This Woman Charged $17,850 For a Urine Test? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Blindsided: Why Was This Woman Charged $17,850 For a Urine Test?",
"datePublished": "2018-03-02T12:40:28-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-02T12:40:28-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "blindsided-why-was-this-woman-charged-17850-for-a-urine-test",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Fred Schulte\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"path": "/futureofyou/439905/blindsided-why-was-this-woman-charged-17850-for-a-urine-test",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In her late 20s and attending college in Texas, Elizabeth Moreno suffered from debilitating back pain caused by a spinal abnormality. \"I just could not live with the pain,\" she says. \"I couldn't get dressed by myself, I couldn't walk across my house, let alone to class, and nothing, no drug that had been prescribed to me, even dulled the pain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreno says she also tried chiropractic medicine and acupuncture, but they didn't make the pain go away. Finally, a doctor at the student health center referred her to an orthopedic specialist who performed tests and concluded a disk was blocking nerves down her legs and needed to be removed. Moreno's father, a retired Ohio doctor who had seen many failed back surgeries over his career, agreed it was the best course.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late 2015, Moreno had the operation in Houston, which she described as \"a complete success.\" She gave it little thought when the surgical office asked her to leave a urine sample for a drug test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the bill came.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Patient:\u003c/strong> Elizabeth Moreno, then 28, a student at Texas State University in San Marcos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Total bill:\u003c/strong> $17,850 for a urine test in January 2016\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Service provider:\u003c/strong> Sunset Labs LLC of Houston\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Urine drug testing has exploded over the past decade amid alarm over rising opioid overdose deaths.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical treatment:\u003c/strong> Moreno had a disk removed from her back in December 2015. Her surgeon prescribed an opioid painkiller, hydrocodone. At a follow-up office visit in mid-January 2016, the staff asked her to leave a urine sample, which she figured was routine. In March 2017, the lab sent her a bill for $17,850 for testing her urine for a slew of drugs, including cocaine, methadone, anti-anxiety drugs and several other drugs she had never heard of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What gives:\u003c/strong> Urine drug testing has exploded over the past decade amid alarm over rising opioid overdose deaths. Many doctors who prescribe the pills rely on the urine tests to help reduce drug abuse and keep patients with chronic pain safe. Yet the tests have become a cash cow for a burgeoning testing industry, and critics charge that unneeded and often expensive ones are sometimes ordered for profit rather than patient care. Doctors can decide whether to test patients who take opioids for short periods, such as after an operation. Moreno's surgeon would not discuss her urine test — why he ordered it and why the sample was tested for so many substances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three experts contacted by Kaiser Health News questioned the need for such extensive testing and were shocked to hear of the lab's prices. They said these tests rarely cost more than $200, and typically much less, depending on the complexity and the technology used. Some doctors' offices use a simple cup test, which can detect several classes of drugs on the spot and could be purchased for about $10. Bills can climb higher when labs run tests to detect the quantity of specific drugs and bill for each one, as the lab did here.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experts said the lab's prices for individual tests were excessive, such as charging $1,700 to check for amphetamines or $425 to identify phencyclidine, an illegal hallucinogenic drug also known as PCP. They also criticized a charge of $850 for two tests to verify that her urine sample had not been adulterated or tampered with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreno's insurer, Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Texas, refused to pay any of the bill, arguing that the lab was out of network and thus not covered. Had it chipped in, it would have covered the service at $100.92, according to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4353248-Blue-Cross-Blue-Shield-EOB-for-Urine-Drug-Screen.html\">explanation of benefits\u003c/a> the insurance company sent to Moreno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunset Labs says its list prices were \"in line\" with its competitors in the area. It also said doctors treating pain agree extensive urine testing is \"the best course of action\" and that a lab \"is not in the position\" to question tests ordered by a doctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Resolution:\u003c/strong> Fearing damage to his daughter's credit rating, Moreno's father, Dr. Paul Davis, paid the lab $5,000 to settle the bill in April 2017. A retired doctor, he also has filed a formal complaint about the bill with the Texas attorney general's office, accusing the lab of \"price gouging of staggering proportions.\" The lab's attorney said he was not aware of the complaint. A Texas attorney general's spokesperson confirmed to KHN that the office had received complaints about the lab but declined further comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The takeaway:\u003c/strong> When a physician asks for a urine or blood sample, always ask what it's for. Insist that it be sent to a lab in your insurance network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"hr\">\n\u003chr>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the debut of a monthly feature from Kaiser Health News and NPR that will dissect and explain real medical bills to shed light on prices in U.S. health care and to help patients learn how to be more active in managing costs. Do you have a medical bill that you'd like us to see and scrutinize? Submit \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/02/13/585549568/share-your-medical-bill-with-us\">it here and tell us\u003c/a>\u003cem> the story behind it.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439905/blindsided-why-was-this-woman-charged-17850-for-a-urine-test",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_439905"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_190",
"futureofyou_552",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_419",
"futureofyou_938",
"futureofyou_379"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_439907",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_439887": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_439887",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "439887",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1519954263000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 1093
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1519954263,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "What's In That IV Bag? Hopefully Something Other Than Saline",
"title": "What's In That IV Bag? Hopefully Something Other Than Saline",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>New research calls into question what’s in those IV bags that nearly every hospitalized patient gets. Using a different intravenous fluid instead of the usual saline greatly reduced the risk of death or kidney damage, two large studies found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference could mean 50,000 to 70,000 fewer deaths and 100,000 fewer cases of kidney failure each year in the U.S., researchers estimate. Some doctors are hoping the results will persuade more \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/03/09/premier-hospitals-are-promoting-unproven-alternative-therapies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospitals\u003c/a> to switch.[contextly_sidebar id=\"0jhqLe7SiU2Eb27aQUWnipt3zwitsKUi\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been sounding the alarm for 20 years” about possible harms from saline, said Dr. John Kellum, a critical care specialist at the University of Pittsburgh. “It’s purely inertia” that prevents a change, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kellum had no role in the studies, which were discussed Tuesday at a critical care conference in San Antonio and published by the New England Journal of Medicine. Federal grants helped pay for the work.[contextly_sidebar id=\"z39OU3j4iEAklNQ4ejamioZfGewR34gT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IVs are one of the most common things in health care. They are used to prevent dehydration, maintain blood pressure or give patients medicines or nutrients if they can’t eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Many suppliers make both types, so switching should not be hard or expensive.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Saline — salt dissolved in water — has been the most widely used fluid in the U.S. for more than a century even as evidence has emerged that it can harm kidneys, especially when used a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other IV solutions called balanced fluids include saline but also contain potassium and other things that make them more like plasma, the clear part of blood. They’re widely used in Europe and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies involved 28,000 patients at Vanderbilt University who were given IVs of saline or a balanced fluid. For every 100 people on balanced fluids, there was one fewer death or severe kidney problem.[contextly_sidebar id=\"sUu4YOGKN2sP1Zqyc3nVUiyRVy3jB58L\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since there are about 30 million people hospitalized in the U.S. alone each year, “there are tens or hundreds of thousands of patients who would be spared death or severe kidney problems by using balanced fluids instead of saline,” said one study leader, Vanderbilt’s Dr. Matthew Semler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After seeing the results two months ago, Vanderbilt hospital officials decided to primarily use balanced fluids. The University of Pittsburgh also has largely switched to them, Kellum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fluids cost about the same — a dollar or two per IV — and many suppliers make both types, so switching should not be hard or expensive, doctors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IV fluids have been in the news since Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico last fall, shutting down electricity to three plants owned by Baxter International, one of the biggest makers of these fluids. The shortage has eased, but some supply issues remain.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "439887 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=439887",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2018/03/01/whats-in-that-iv-bag-hopefully-something-other-than-saline/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 474,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1519954320,
"excerpt": "New research shows using a different fluid instead of saline greatly reduced the risk of death.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "New research shows using a different fluid instead of saline greatly reduced the risk of death.",
"title": "What's In That IV Bag? Hopefully Something Other Than Saline | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "What's In That IV Bag? Hopefully Something Other Than Saline",
"datePublished": "2018-03-01T17:31:03-08:00",
"dateModified": "2018-03-01T17:32:00-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "whats-in-that-iv-bag-hopefully-something-other-than-saline",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Marilynn Marchione\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"path": "/futureofyou/439887/whats-in-that-iv-bag-hopefully-something-other-than-saline",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New research calls into question what’s in those IV bags that nearly every hospitalized patient gets. Using a different intravenous fluid instead of the usual saline greatly reduced the risk of death or kidney damage, two large studies found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference could mean 50,000 to 70,000 fewer deaths and 100,000 fewer cases of kidney failure each year in the U.S., researchers estimate. Some doctors are hoping the results will persuade more \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/03/09/premier-hospitals-are-promoting-unproven-alternative-therapies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hospitals\u003c/a> to switch.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been sounding the alarm for 20 years” about possible harms from saline, said Dr. John Kellum, a critical care specialist at the University of Pittsburgh. “It’s purely inertia” that prevents a change, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kellum had no role in the studies, which were discussed Tuesday at a critical care conference in San Antonio and published by the New England Journal of Medicine. Federal grants helped pay for the work.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IVs are one of the most common things in health care. They are used to prevent dehydration, maintain blood pressure or give patients medicines or nutrients if they can’t eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Many suppliers make both types, so switching should not be hard or expensive.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Saline — salt dissolved in water — has been the most widely used fluid in the U.S. for more than a century even as evidence has emerged that it can harm kidneys, especially when used a lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other IV solutions called balanced fluids include saline but also contain potassium and other things that make them more like plasma, the clear part of blood. They’re widely used in Europe and Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studies involved 28,000 patients at Vanderbilt University who were given IVs of saline or a balanced fluid. For every 100 people on balanced fluids, there was one fewer death or severe kidney problem.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since there are about 30 million people hospitalized in the U.S. alone each year, “there are tens or hundreds of thousands of patients who would be spared death or severe kidney problems by using balanced fluids instead of saline,” said one study leader, Vanderbilt’s Dr. Matthew Semler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After seeing the results two months ago, Vanderbilt hospital officials decided to primarily use balanced fluids. The University of Pittsburgh also has largely switched to them, Kellum said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fluids cost about the same — a dollar or two per IV — and many suppliers make both types, so switching should not be hard or expensive, doctors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IV fluids have been in the news since Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico last fall, shutting down electricity to three plants owned by Baxter International, one of the biggest makers of these fluids. The shortage has eased, but some supply issues remain.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/439887/whats-in-that-iv-bag-hopefully-something-other-than-saline",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_439887"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1060",
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_141",
"futureofyou_952",
"futureofyou_61",
"futureofyou_177",
"futureofyou_225",
"futureofyou_198"
],
"collections": [
"futureofyou_1093"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_439888",
"label": "futureofyou_1093"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/futureofyou?category=health-policy": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 12,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 323,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"futureofyou_441435",
"futureofyou_441252",
"futureofyou_440806",
"futureofyou_440728",
"futureofyou_440520",
"futureofyou_440486",
"futureofyou_440262",
"futureofyou_440245",
"futureofyou_440127",
"futureofyou_440027",
"futureofyou_439905",
"futureofyou_439887"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou_category_health-policy": {
"isLoading": true
},
"futureofyou_452": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/health-policy"
},
"source_futureofyou_441252": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_441252",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health Policy",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440806": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440806",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440728": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440728",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440520": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440520",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440486": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440486",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440262": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440262",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440245": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440245",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "DIY Health",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440127": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440127",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_440027": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_440027",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"futureofyou_1060": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1060",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1060",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1060,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_1": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_73": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"
},
"futureofyou_952": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_952",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "952",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drugs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drugs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 952,
"slug": "drugs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/drugs"
},
"futureofyou_651": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_651",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "651",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "HIV",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "HIV Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 651,
"slug": "hiv",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/hiv"
},
"futureofyou_80": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_80",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 80,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"
},
"futureofyou_1056": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1056",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1056",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "medical treatment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "medical treatment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1056,
"slug": "medical-treatment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/medical-treatment"
},
"futureofyou_931": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_931",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "931",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pharmaceuticals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pharmaceuticals Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 931,
"slug": "pharmaceuticals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/pharmaceuticals"
},
"futureofyou_56": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_56",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "56",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "brain",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "brain Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 56,
"slug": "brain",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/brain"
},
"futureofyou_1358": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1358",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1358",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "CTE",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "CTE Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1358,
"slug": "cte",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cte"
},
"futureofyou_141": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_141",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "141",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "disease",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "disease Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 141,
"slug": "disease",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/disease"
},
"futureofyou_599": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_599",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "599",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "football",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "football Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 599,
"slug": "football",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/football"
},
"futureofyou_61": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_61",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "61",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 61,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/health"
},
"futureofyou_1497": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1497",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1497",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sports",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sports Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1497,
"slug": "sports",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/sports"
},
"futureofyou_1434": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1434",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1434",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "youth",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "youth Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1434,
"slug": "youth",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/youth"
},
"futureofyou_1482": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1482",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1482",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Kristina Olson",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Kristina Olson Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1482,
"slug": "kristina-olson",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kristina-olson"
},
"futureofyou_1018": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1018",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1018",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "transgender",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "transgender Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1018,
"slug": "transgender",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/transgender"
},
"futureofyou_999": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_999",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "999",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Alzheimer's",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Alzheimer's Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 999,
"slug": "alzheimers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/alzheimers"
},
"futureofyou_1023": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1023",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1023",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dementia",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dementia Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1023,
"slug": "dementia",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/dementia"
},
"futureofyou_54": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_54",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "54",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Future of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "program",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Future of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 54,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/program/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_1062": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1062",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1062",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1062,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_103": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_103",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "103",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cancer",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cancer Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 103,
"slug": "cancer",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cancer"
},
"futureofyou_1403": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1403",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1403",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cancer drugs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cancer drugs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1403,
"slug": "cancer-drugs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cancer-drugs"
},
"futureofyou_1189": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1189",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1189",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "chemotherapy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "chemotherapy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1189,
"slug": "chemotherapy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/chemotherapy"
},
"futureofyou_327": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_327",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "327",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "immune system",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "immune system Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 327,
"slug": "immune-system",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/immune-system"
},
"futureofyou_1097": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1097",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1097",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1097,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/collection/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_1479": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1479",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1479",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "e-cigarettes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "e-cigarettes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1479,
"slug": "e-cigarettes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/e-cigarettes"
},
"futureofyou_1477": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1477",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1477",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "schools",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "schools Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1477,
"slug": "schools",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/schools"
},
"futureofyou_1136": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1136",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1136",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "smoking",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "smoking Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1136,
"slug": "smoking",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/smoking"
},
"futureofyou_1478": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1478",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1478",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "vaping",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "vaping Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1478,
"slug": "vaping",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/vaping"
},
"futureofyou_342": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_342",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "342",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "abortion",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "abortion Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 342,
"slug": "abortion",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/abortion"
},
"futureofyou_215": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_215",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "215",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "women",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "women Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 215,
"slug": "women",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/women"
},
"futureofyou_1093": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1093",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1093",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "DIY Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "collection",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "DIY Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1093,
"slug": "diy-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/collection/diy-health"
},
"futureofyou_1409": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1409",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1409",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "eggs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "eggs Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1409,
"slug": "eggs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/eggs"
},
"futureofyou_927": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_927",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "927",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "embryos",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "embryos Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 927,
"slug": "embryos",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/embryos"
},
"futureofyou_283": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_283",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "283",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fertility",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fertility Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 283,
"slug": "fertility",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/fertility"
},
"futureofyou_137": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_137",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "137",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "government",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "government Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 137,
"slug": "government",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/government"
},
"futureofyou_1473": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1473",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1473",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "law",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "law Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1473,
"slug": "law",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/law"
},
"futureofyou_814": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_814",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "814",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Elizabeth Holmes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Elizabeth Holmes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 814,
"slug": "elizabeth-holmes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/elizabeth-holmes"
},
"futureofyou_1275": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1275",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1275",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1275,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/featured"
},
"futureofyou_23": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_23",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "23",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "news",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "news Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 23,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/news"
},
"futureofyou_1472": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1472",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1472",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "sunny bulwani",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "sunny bulwani Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1472,
"slug": "sunny-bulwani",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/sunny-bulwani"
},
"futureofyou_617": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_617",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "617",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "theranos",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "theranos Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 617,
"slug": "theranos",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/theranos"
},
"futureofyou_190": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_190",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "190",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "doctors",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "doctors Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 190,
"slug": "doctors",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/doctors"
},
"futureofyou_685": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_685",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "685",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "healthcare",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "healthcare Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 685,
"slug": "healthcare",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/healthcare"
},
"futureofyou_177": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_177",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "177",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "hospitals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "hospitals Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 177,
"slug": "hospitals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/hospitals"
},
"futureofyou_349": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_349",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "349",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "surgery",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "surgery Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 349,
"slug": "surgery",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/surgery"
},
"futureofyou_552": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_552",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "552",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drug",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drug Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 552,
"slug": "drug",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/drug"
},
"futureofyou_419": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_419",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "419",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "health insurance",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "health insurance Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 419,
"slug": "health-insurance",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/health-insurance"
},
"futureofyou_938": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_938",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "938",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "opioids",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "opioids Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 938,
"slug": "opioids",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/opioids"
},
"futureofyou_379": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_379",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "379",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pain",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pain Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 379,
"slug": "pain",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/pain"
},
"futureofyou_225": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_225",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "225",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedhealth",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedhealth Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 225,
"slug": "kqedhealth",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedhealth"
},
"futureofyou_198": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_198",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "198",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "treatment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "treatment Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "treatment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/treatment"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}