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"content": "\u003cp>Until very recently it was thought that just one bacterium was to blame for causing Lyme disease in humans. But it turns out that a second, related bug can cause it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, during routine testing of bacterial DNA floating around in the blood samples of people suspected of having Lyme disease, researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., realized they were looking at something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We detected this result which was positive, but it was clearly different from what we would have expected for \u003cem>Borrelia burgdorferi\u003c/em>, which at that time was the only known cause of Lyme disease in the U.S.,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/pritt-bobbi-s-m-d/bio-00093461\">Dr. Bobbi Pritt\u003c/a>, a microbiologist at the Mayo Clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they sequenced the genome of the bacterium, they realized it was different enough to be considered a new species. It's been dubbed \u003cem>Borrelia mayonii\u003c/em>, after the Mayo Clinic. News of the new species was \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(15)00464-8/abstract\">published\u003c/a> this month in the journal \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>Lancet Infectious Diseases\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new species hadn't appeared during routine tests on thousands of other samples over the course of a decade. Then, over the span of two years, it appeared in six patients out of about 9,000 tested for Lyme disease. They were all residents of Minnesota, Wisconsin or North Dakota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients' symptoms were a little different from the usual Lyme disease cases. Instead of the telltale bull's-eye pattern associated with \u003cem>B. burgdorferi\u003c/em>, rashes on these patients were diffuse or spotty. In addition to the fever, headache, rash and neck pain that accompanies the usual form of Lyme disease, patients who had contracted the new species of bacteria also experienced nausea and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This organism doesn't behave completely like the Lyme disease that we all know,\" says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were other odd symptoms. A child was nearly impossible to wake up from sleep. An adult had trouble with vision, and was seeing double. Two patients were hospitalized. Pritt says all have now recovered, except for one with continued arthritis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the species had not been identified in the thousands of samples that were routinely tested before 2013, Pritt says, it's likely that it either recently emerged as a new organism through mutations of an existing bacterium, or it recently came into contact with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe it infected woodchucks and no one ever tested them,\" she says. \"But what we can say is, it's a species that no one has ever described before, and it's clearly infecting patients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacterium was isolated alive from the blood of two patients, and was subsequently found in black-legged ticks in two parts of Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both species of Lyme-causing bacteria are carried by the tick \u003cem>Ixodes scapularis,\u003c/em> also known as the black-legged or deer tick, which has continued to spread its range across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of people are encountering ticks where they didn't encounter them 20 years ago,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cdczilla.com/cdc-employee/contact/rebecca-eisen-970_266_3523\">Rebecca Eisen\u003c/a>, a research biologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who published \u003ca href=\"http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/01/15/jme.tjv237.abstract\">the latest map\u003c/a> of tick populations in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a living organism, so the range of the tick changes, and so the likelihood of people encountering these ticks changes,\" says Eisen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new bacterium appears to be relatively rare so far. Entomologists found that of 600 ticks collected across Wisconsin, 3 percent tested positive for the new species of bacteria. The older bacterial species is typically found in 30 to 40 percent of black-legged ticks, says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxycycline is used to kill both species of bacteria. The issue, Pritt says, is for patients and physicians to recognize the slightly different constellation of symptoms associated with this form of Lyme disease, so treatment can be started promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also unclear what is behind the higher bacterial load detected in the blood samples of patients with \u003cem>B. mayonii\u003c/em>, and if it's responsible for the more severe symptoms that the six patients experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just seems like every time you turn around, there's a new tick-borne disease. So when people go outside, I think they have to think about protecting themselves from ticks,\" says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best way to avoid picking up an infection from a tick is to avoid tick-infested areas, use repellent and remove ticks as soon as they're spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Discover+A+Second+Bacterium+That+Causes+Lyme+Disease&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Until very recently it was thought that just one bacterium was to blame for causing Lyme disease in humans. But it turns out that a second, related bug can cause it too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, during routine testing of bacterial DNA floating around in the blood samples of people suspected of having Lyme disease, researchers at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., realized they were looking at something different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We detected this result which was positive, but it was clearly different from what we would have expected for \u003cem>Borrelia burgdorferi\u003c/em>, which at that time was the only known cause of Lyme disease in the U.S.,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayo.edu/research/faculty/pritt-bobbi-s-m-d/bio-00093461\">Dr. Bobbi Pritt\u003c/a>, a microbiologist at the Mayo Clinic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they sequenced the genome of the bacterium, they realized it was different enough to be considered a new species. It's been dubbed \u003cem>Borrelia mayonii\u003c/em>, after the Mayo Clinic. News of the new species was \u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(15)00464-8/abstract\">published\u003c/a> this month in the journal \u003cem>The\u003c/em> \u003cem>Lancet Infectious Diseases\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new species hadn't appeared during routine tests on thousands of other samples over the course of a decade. Then, over the span of two years, it appeared in six patients out of about 9,000 tested for Lyme disease. They were all residents of Minnesota, Wisconsin or North Dakota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patients' symptoms were a little different from the usual Lyme disease cases. Instead of the telltale bull's-eye pattern associated with \u003cem>B. burgdorferi\u003c/em>, rashes on these patients were diffuse or spotty. In addition to the fever, headache, rash and neck pain that accompanies the usual form of Lyme disease, patients who had contracted the new species of bacteria also experienced nausea and vomiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This organism doesn't behave completely like the Lyme disease that we all know,\" says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were other odd symptoms. A child was nearly impossible to wake up from sleep. An adult had trouble with vision, and was seeing double. Two patients were hospitalized. Pritt says all have now recovered, except for one with continued arthritis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the species had not been identified in the thousands of samples that were routinely tested before 2013, Pritt says, it's likely that it either recently emerged as a new organism through mutations of an existing bacterium, or it recently came into contact with people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe it infected woodchucks and no one ever tested them,\" she says. \"But what we can say is, it's a species that no one has ever described before, and it's clearly infecting patients.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bacterium was isolated alive from the blood of two patients, and was subsequently found in black-legged ticks in two parts of Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both species of Lyme-causing bacteria are carried by the tick \u003cem>Ixodes scapularis,\u003c/em> also known as the black-legged or deer tick, which has continued to spread its range across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of people are encountering ticks where they didn't encounter them 20 years ago,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://cdczilla.com/cdc-employee/contact/rebecca-eisen-970_266_3523\">Rebecca Eisen\u003c/a>, a research biologist with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who published \u003ca href=\"http://jme.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2016/01/15/jme.tjv237.abstract\">the latest map\u003c/a> of tick populations in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a living organism, so the range of the tick changes, and so the likelihood of people encountering these ticks changes,\" says Eisen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new bacterium appears to be relatively rare so far. Entomologists found that of 600 ticks collected across Wisconsin, 3 percent tested positive for the new species of bacteria. The older bacterial species is typically found in 30 to 40 percent of black-legged ticks, says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxycycline is used to kill both species of bacteria. The issue, Pritt says, is for patients and physicians to recognize the slightly different constellation of symptoms associated with this form of Lyme disease, so treatment can be started promptly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also unclear what is behind the higher bacterial load detected in the blood samples of patients with \u003cem>B. mayonii\u003c/em>, and if it's responsible for the more severe symptoms that the six patients experienced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just seems like every time you turn around, there's a new tick-borne disease. So when people go outside, I think they have to think about protecting themselves from ticks,\" says Pritt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best way to avoid picking up an infection from a tick is to avoid tick-infested areas, use repellent and remove ticks as soon as they're spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Discover+A+Second+Bacterium+That+Causes+Lyme+Disease&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Palo Alto Student Was Asked to Leave School Because of His DNA",
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"content": "\u003cp>To find a society where a student is forced to leave school because of his genes, you might think you’d need to watch \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattaca\">Gattaca\u003c/a>\" or pick up a dystopian novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, you wouldn't need to immerse yourself in fiction. This exact scenario occurred at a middle school in Palo Alto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Unless something is done to strengthen legal protections, anyone who is genetically tested could be discriminated against.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And unless something is done to strengthen our legal protections, it could be just the tip of the iceberg. Any of us who learns about our DNA through direct-to-consumer tests like 23andMe, newborn genetic testing or gene sequencing at the doctor’s office could be genetically discriminated against too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>School Boots Out Sixth Grader Over Predisposition to Disease\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, Jordan Middle School tried to force 11-year-old Colman Chadam to transfer to another school, not because he did something wrong or had a contagious disease, but because of his DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"RWAfIZvPfGk0QXWSsjL020T1kdGZFuZd\"]Colman had been born with a heart condition. To try to figure out what was wrong, the doctors had performed a lot of genetic tests, one of which found an increased risk for cystic fibrosis, a very severe genetic condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twelve years later, Colman's parents, as a simple precaution, filled out a medical form telling the school about his genetic results even though he had none of the symptoms of CF. He did not have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the student population at Jordan Middle School included two siblings who had CF. Because there is a high risk for people with the disease to give each other lung infections, it is important to always keep them at least 6 feet away from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After teachers at the school told the parents of these students about Colman's genetics, the district ordered Colman's transfer, despite the fact that he did not have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents took the district to court. After Colman missed 11 days of school, a settlement was reached to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/6th-grader-back-in-school-despite-genes-4010983.php\" target=\"_blank\">let him return\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Chadams filed a suit in federal court, alleging unlawful disclosure of Colman's private medical information. The case was dismissed, but last month the Chadams filed an \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2701506/Opening-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this brouhaha occurred even though Colman did not have CF and posed no risk to anyone. The specific genetic differences he had are in a gray area of genetics known as \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=penetrance\">variable penetrance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people with his DNA end up with CF and some don't. Up to that time, Colman had not developed any symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps it's not surprising that well-meaning people at Jordan Middle School did not understand these subtleties and misinterpreted Colman's results. What is surprising is that there is so little legal protection against this sort of misunderstanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-108371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"In 2008 President Bush signed the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) . It did not protect a middle school student from being asked to transfer to a new school because of his DNA. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-400x255.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-768x489.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-960x612.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2008 President Bush signed the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) . It did not protect a middle school student from being asked to transfer to a new school because of his DNA. \u003ccite>(NHGRI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Surprisingly Weak Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2008 President Bush signed the \u003ca href=\"http://ginahelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act\u003c/a> (GINA). Unfortunately for the Chadams, it only covers employment and health insurance discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This oversight needs to be addressed sooner rather than later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day more and more people learn about potential disease risks from their DNA. Many people will have results similar to Colman's that could be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Perils of Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNA is more complicated than a lot of people think. For example, scientists have found over 2000 DNA variants or differences in CFTR, the key gene involved in cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without additional protections in place, CF screening programs like the one described \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/01/stanford-develops-fast-affordable-genetic-test-for-newborns/\">here\u003c/a> could place many more people in Colman Chadam's situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiply these risks by 10, 100, 1000 or even 10,000 for some of the proposed screens where \u003ca href=\"http://genomemag.com/a-newborn-challenge/#.Vrj3vfkrKM8\">every gene of a newborn might be looked at\u003c/a> (exome sequencing), and you begin to see what we're up against. People will be flooded with a lot of hard-to-understand information that is easy to misinterpret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn't mean genetic testing, which can have many benefits, shouldn't be done. We just need to ensure it isn't used to discriminate, as we head toward a world where everyone knows their DNA but doesn’t necessarily understand genetics.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To find a society where a student is forced to leave school because of his genes, you might think you’d need to watch \"\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gattaca\">Gattaca\u003c/a>\" or pick up a dystopian novel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, you wouldn't need to immerse yourself in fiction. This exact scenario occurred at a middle school in Palo Alto, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Unless something is done to strengthen legal protections, anyone who is genetically tested could be discriminated against.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And unless something is done to strengthen our legal protections, it could be just the tip of the iceberg. Any of us who learns about our DNA through direct-to-consumer tests like 23andMe, newborn genetic testing or gene sequencing at the doctor’s office could be genetically discriminated against too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>School Boots Out Sixth Grader Over Predisposition to Disease\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, Jordan Middle School tried to force 11-year-old Colman Chadam to transfer to another school, not because he did something wrong or had a contagious disease, but because of his DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Colman had been born with a heart condition. To try to figure out what was wrong, the doctors had performed a lot of genetic tests, one of which found an increased risk for cystic fibrosis, a very severe genetic condition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twelve years later, Colman's parents, as a simple precaution, filled out a medical form telling the school about his genetic results even though he had none of the symptoms of CF. He did not have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the student population at Jordan Middle School included two siblings who had CF. Because there is a high risk for people with the disease to give each other lung infections, it is important to always keep them at least 6 feet away from each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After teachers at the school told the parents of these students about Colman's genetics, the district ordered Colman's transfer, despite the fact that he did not have the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents took the district to court. After Colman missed 11 days of school, a settlement was reached to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/6th-grader-back-in-school-despite-genes-4010983.php\" target=\"_blank\">let him return\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Chadams filed a suit in federal court, alleging unlawful disclosure of Colman's private medical information. The case was dismissed, but last month the Chadams filed an \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/2701506/Opening-Brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">appeal to the Ninth Circuit Court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this brouhaha occurred even though Colman did not have CF and posed no risk to anyone. The specific genetic differences he had are in a gray area of genetics known as \u003ca href=\"http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/glossary=penetrance\">variable penetrance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people with his DNA end up with CF and some don't. Up to that time, Colman had not developed any symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps it's not surprising that well-meaning people at Jordan Middle School did not understand these subtleties and misinterpreted Colman's results. What is surprising is that there is so little legal protection against this sort of misunderstanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_108371\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-108371\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"In 2008 President Bush signed the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) . It did not protect a middle school student from being asked to transfer to a new school because of his DNA. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-800x510.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-400x255.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-768x489.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008-960x612.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/02/BushSignsGINA2008.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 2008 President Bush signed the Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) . It did not protect a middle school student from being asked to transfer to a new school because of his DNA. \u003ccite>(NHGRI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Surprisingly Weak Protections\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2008 President Bush signed the \u003ca href=\"http://ginahelp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Genetics Information Nondiscrimination Act\u003c/a> (GINA). Unfortunately for the Chadams, it only covers employment and health insurance discrimination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This oversight needs to be addressed sooner rather than later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day more and more people learn about potential disease risks from their DNA. Many people will have results similar to Colman's that could be used against them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Perils of Testing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DNA is more complicated than a lot of people think. For example, scientists have found over 2000 DNA variants or differences in CFTR, the key gene involved in cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without additional protections in place, CF screening programs like the one described \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/01/stanford-develops-fast-affordable-genetic-test-for-newborns/\">here\u003c/a> could place many more people in Colman Chadam's situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiply these risks by 10, 100, 1000 or even 10,000 for some of the proposed screens where \u003ca href=\"http://genomemag.com/a-newborn-challenge/#.Vrj3vfkrKM8\">every gene of a newborn might be looked at\u003c/a> (exome sequencing), and you begin to see what we're up against. People will be flooded with a lot of hard-to-understand information that is easy to misinterpret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn't mean genetic testing, which can have many benefits, shouldn't be done. We just need to ensure it isn't used to discriminate, as we head toward a world where everyone knows their DNA but doesn’t necessarily understand genetics.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The blood testing startup Theranos got a little more time, Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services sent this statement today:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the request of the laboratory’s director, Theranos was granted an extension until February 12 to submit their response to the CMS inspection report. This is a routine procedure in oversight of clinical labs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">\"The idea that you should not let your customers rely on test results you have reason to think had a good chance of being inaccurate is not [complicated].\"\u003cbr>\n--\u003ccite>Hank Greely, director of Stanford's Center for Law and the Biosciences \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A CMS inspection of the lab, in Newark, California, had found deficiencies that “pose immediate jeopardy to patient health and safety,” according to a CMS letter sent to Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediate jeopardy, as defined by CMS, means “a situation in which immediate corrective action is necessary because the laboratory’s non-compliance … has already caused, is causing, or is likely to cause, at any time, serious injury or harm, or death, to individuals served by the laboratory or to the health and safety of the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, Theranos had been given 10 days from receipt of the letter to correct the deficiencies. That deadline was today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS also directed the company to take \"corrective action\" for affected patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos sent this statement about the extension:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are working to submit our plan of correction to CMS, addressing every issue raised in the audit report regarding the Newark, CA lab and will continue to actively work with them. CMS has granted an extension to February 12 for submission of our plan of correction, to allow our new Lab Director, Dr. Das, additional time to review our comprehensive response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... what should people whose blood has been tested by Theranos do in the meantime?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked a CMS spokesperson if the agency had any advice for those folks; she declined to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos did not respond to two queries asking the same question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical Ethicist Weighs In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does an expert in medical ethics think?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hank Greely is the director of Stanford's Center for Law and the Biosciences. He said in an email that \"it wouldn't shock\" him if CMS' assertion of potential fatal consequences wasn't literal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the language \"is enough to \u003cstrong>at least \u003c/strong>raise serious questions about getting customers/patients to get new tests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said the haste in which Theranos should be obligated to contact potentially affected patients would be determined by the substance and frequency of the errors CMS found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they got substantial error rates on a particular kind of test (I don’t know - total cholesterol), I would think they need to tell the customers who got that test. If instead they had a relatively low error rate (though still too high) scattered across all their testing, figuring out who to tell what is trickier. And some kinds of lab tests are going to be more critical than others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said he thought it would behoove Theranos to offer affected patients or even every patient a free retest, if it was able to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good PR, good for the patients (if the retests are accurate), and, if their tests are as cheap as they say they are, not expensive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said though the details of disclosure are complicated and depend on many factors, \"the idea that you should not let your customers rely on test results you have reason to think had a good chance of being inaccurate is not [complicated].\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The blood testing startup Theranos got a little more time, Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services sent this statement today:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the request of the laboratory’s director, Theranos was granted an extension until February 12 to submit their response to the CMS inspection report. This is a routine procedure in oversight of clinical labs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">\"The idea that you should not let your customers rely on test results you have reason to think had a good chance of being inaccurate is not [complicated].\"\u003cbr>\n--\u003ccite>Hank Greely, director of Stanford's Center for Law and the Biosciences \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A CMS inspection of the lab, in Newark, California, had found deficiencies that “pose immediate jeopardy to patient health and safety,” according to a CMS letter sent to Theranos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immediate jeopardy, as defined by CMS, means “a situation in which immediate corrective action is necessary because the laboratory’s non-compliance … has already caused, is causing, or is likely to cause, at any time, serious injury or harm, or death, to individuals served by the laboratory or to the health and safety of the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, Theranos had been given 10 days from receipt of the letter to correct the deficiencies. That deadline was today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CMS also directed the company to take \"corrective action\" for affected patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos sent this statement about the extension:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are working to submit our plan of correction to CMS, addressing every issue raised in the audit report regarding the Newark, CA lab and will continue to actively work with them. CMS has granted an extension to February 12 for submission of our plan of correction, to allow our new Lab Director, Dr. Das, additional time to review our comprehensive response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... what should people whose blood has been tested by Theranos do in the meantime?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked a CMS spokesperson if the agency had any advice for those folks; she declined to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos did not respond to two queries asking the same question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medical Ethicist Weighs In\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What does an expert in medical ethics think?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hank Greely is the director of Stanford's Center for Law and the Biosciences. He said in an email that \"it wouldn't shock\" him if CMS' assertion of potential fatal consequences wasn't literal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the language \"is enough to \u003cstrong>at least \u003c/strong>raise serious questions about getting customers/patients to get new tests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said the haste in which Theranos should be obligated to contact potentially affected patients would be determined by the substance and frequency of the errors CMS found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they got substantial error rates on a particular kind of test (I don’t know - total cholesterol), I would think they need to tell the customers who got that test. If instead they had a relatively low error rate (though still too high) scattered across all their testing, figuring out who to tell what is trickier. And some kinds of lab tests are going to be more critical than others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said he thought it would behoove Theranos to offer affected patients or even every patient a free retest, if it was able to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good PR, good for the patients (if the retests are accurate), and, if their tests are as cheap as they say they are, not expensive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greely said though the details of disclosure are complicated and depend on many factors, \"the idea that you should not let your customers rely on test results you have reason to think had a good chance of being inaccurate is not [complicated].\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is it Ethical to Create Babies With Genes From Three People? Panel Says Yes",
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"content": "\u003cp>Would it be ethical for scientists to try to create babies that have genetic material from three different people? An influential panel of experts has concluded the answer could be yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12-member panel, assembled by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, released a 164-page \u003ca href=\"http://www.nap.edu/catalog/21871/mitochondrial-replacement-techniques-ethical-social-and-policy-considerations\">report\u003c/a> Wednesday outlining a plan for how scientists could ethically pursue the controversial research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The committee concludes that it is ethically permissible\" to conduct such experiments, the report says, but then goes on to detail a long list of conditions that would have to be met first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, scientists would have to perform extensive preliminary research in the laboratory and with animals to try to make sure it is safe. And then researchers should initially try to make only male babies, because they would be incapable of passing their unusual amalgamation of DNA on to future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Minimizing risk to future children should be of highest priority,\" the committee writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/10/09/229167219/proposed-treatment-to-fix-genetic-diseases-raising-ethics-issues\">requested \u003c/a>by the Food and Drug Administration in response to applications by two groups of scientists in New York and Oregon to conduct the experiments. Their goal is to help women have healthy babies even though they come from families plagued by genetic disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement issued by the FDA immediately after the report's release raised questions about whether the FDA would permit the research to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA email praised the \"thoughtful work\" of the panel and said the agency would be \"reviewing\" the recommendations. But it noted that the latest federal budget \"prevents the FDA from using funds to review applications in which a human embryo is intentionally created or modified to include\" changes that could be passed down to future generations. As a result, the email says, any such research \"cannot be performed in the United States\" at this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers pursuing these experiments welcomed the panel's conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's a great step in the right direction,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.columbiaobgyn.org/doctor/mark-v-sauer#.VrFk2bIrLIU\">Mark Sauer\u003c/a>, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia University who is a member of one of the teams, said of the National Academies report in an interview before the FDA issued its statement\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sauer called the report more of a \"yellow light\" than a \"green light,\" because of the long list of caveats and cautions. But that is \"better than a red light,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most importantly to us is that it allows the work to continue to hopefully produce children without these disorders,\" Sauer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sauer said he was disappointed when he learned of the FDA's response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Politics as usual often gets in way of progress,\" Sauer said in a subsequent email. While the FDA statement would cause \"undue delays\" in his research, he added that he hoped it wouldn't permanently \"necessarily halt the efforts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the research, meanwhile, say the number of women who could benefit from the experiments is so small that it's not worth crossing a line that's long been considered off-limits — making genetic changes that could be passed down for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The possibility of what you could call 'mission creep' is very real,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article.php?id=2081\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society, a watchdog group based in Berkeley, Calif. \"People are talking about going forward not just with this but with the kind of genetic engineering that will produce outright genetically modified human beings.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once that happens, Darnovsky says, \"I think you get into a situation of where some people are genetically enhanced and other people are the regular old variety of human being. And I don't think that's a world we want to live in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the research is to help women carrying diseases known as \u003ca href=\"http://mitochondrialdiseases.org/mitochondrial-disease/\">mitochondrial disorders\u003c/a>, which are only passed down by women through defects in the genetic material in their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the defects are in a type of genetic material known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.umdf.org/site/pp.aspx?c=8qKOJ0MvF7LUG&b=7934627\">mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the DNA that most people are familiar with — the 23 pairs of human chromosomes that program most of our body processes and traits — mitochondrial DNA consists of just 37 genes inside mitochondria, which are structures inside cells that provide their energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondrial disorders range from mild to severe. In many cases there is no treatment, and the affected child dies early in life after suffering progressive, debilitating symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists want to create eggs free of mitochondrial defects by removing the defective mitochondrial DNA. It would be replaced with healthy mitochondrial DNA from eggs donated by other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The British government recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">approved\u003c/a> such experiments in that country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this remains \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/10/360342623/combining-the-dna-of-three-people-raises-ethical-questions\">controversial\u003c/a>, not only due to the fact that the resulting children would have DNA from three people. Because the transplanted DNA could be passed down for generations, critics fear it could accidentally introduce errors into the human gene pool that could create new diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also worry it would set a precedent that could open the door to creating designer babies, in which parents can pick and chose the traits of their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of such concerns, making any change in DNA that could be passed down for generations has long been considered off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee report acknowledged that making babies with DNA from three different people could have \"psychological and social effects\" on the offspring, including issues about their \"conception of identity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the committee acknowledged the possibility that it could lead to attempts at genetic \"enhancements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such work would raise thorny regulatory issues, the committee noted. For example, the federal government is prohibited from funding research that involves destroying human embryos. As a result, \"even an agency request\" for data from such research in support of FDA approval \"could well be controversial,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the committee says the potential benefits make the work worth pursuing with careful oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, the FDA could at some point even consider letting experiments proceed to try to create female babies if certain criteria are met, the report said, including the production of \"clear evidence of safety and efficacy from male\" experiments and signs that it would be publicly acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Babies+With+Genes+From+3+People+Could+Be+Ethical%2C+Panel+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Would it be ethical for scientists to try to create babies that have genetic material from three different people? An influential panel of experts has concluded the answer could be yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12-member panel, assembled by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine, released a 164-page \u003ca href=\"http://www.nap.edu/catalog/21871/mitochondrial-replacement-techniques-ethical-social-and-policy-considerations\">report\u003c/a> Wednesday outlining a plan for how scientists could ethically pursue the controversial research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The committee concludes that it is ethically permissible\" to conduct such experiments, the report says, but then goes on to detail a long list of conditions that would have to be met first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, scientists would have to perform extensive preliminary research in the laboratory and with animals to try to make sure it is safe. And then researchers should initially try to make only male babies, because they would be incapable of passing their unusual amalgamation of DNA on to future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Minimizing risk to future children should be of highest priority,\" the committee writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2013/10/09/229167219/proposed-treatment-to-fix-genetic-diseases-raising-ethics-issues\">requested \u003c/a>by the Food and Drug Administration in response to applications by two groups of scientists in New York and Oregon to conduct the experiments. Their goal is to help women have healthy babies even though they come from families plagued by genetic disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement issued by the FDA immediately after the report's release raised questions about whether the FDA would permit the research to move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA email praised the \"thoughtful work\" of the panel and said the agency would be \"reviewing\" the recommendations. But it noted that the latest federal budget \"prevents the FDA from using funds to review applications in which a human embryo is intentionally created or modified to include\" changes that could be passed down to future generations. As a result, the email says, any such research \"cannot be performed in the United States\" at this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers pursuing these experiments welcomed the panel's conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's a great step in the right direction,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.columbiaobgyn.org/doctor/mark-v-sauer#.VrFk2bIrLIU\">Mark Sauer\u003c/a>, a professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia University who is a member of one of the teams, said of the National Academies report in an interview before the FDA issued its statement\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sauer called the report more of a \"yellow light\" than a \"green light,\" because of the long list of caveats and cautions. But that is \"better than a red light,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most importantly to us is that it allows the work to continue to hopefully produce children without these disorders,\" Sauer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sauer said he was disappointed when he learned of the FDA's response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Politics as usual often gets in way of progress,\" Sauer said in a subsequent email. While the FDA statement would cause \"undue delays\" in his research, he added that he hoped it wouldn't permanently \"necessarily halt the efforts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the research, meanwhile, say the number of women who could benefit from the experiments is so small that it's not worth crossing a line that's long been considered off-limits — making genetic changes that could be passed down for generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The possibility of what you could call 'mission creep' is very real,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.geneticsandsociety.org/article.php?id=2081\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, executive director of the Center for Genetics and Society, a watchdog group based in Berkeley, Calif. \"People are talking about going forward not just with this but with the kind of genetic engineering that will produce outright genetically modified human beings.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once that happens, Darnovsky says, \"I think you get into a situation of where some people are genetically enhanced and other people are the regular old variety of human being. And I don't think that's a world we want to live in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal of the research is to help women carrying diseases known as \u003ca href=\"http://mitochondrialdiseases.org/mitochondrial-disease/\">mitochondrial disorders\u003c/a>, which are only passed down by women through defects in the genetic material in their eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, the defects are in a type of genetic material known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.umdf.org/site/pp.aspx?c=8qKOJ0MvF7LUG&b=7934627\">mitochondrial DNA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the DNA that most people are familiar with — the 23 pairs of human chromosomes that program most of our body processes and traits — mitochondrial DNA consists of just 37 genes inside mitochondria, which are structures inside cells that provide their energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitochondrial disorders range from mild to severe. In many cases there is no treatment, and the affected child dies early in life after suffering progressive, debilitating symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists want to create eggs free of mitochondrial defects by removing the defective mitochondrial DNA. It would be replaced with healthy mitochondrial DNA from eggs donated by other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The British government recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/02/03/383578221/u-k-lawmakers-allow-scientists-to-attempt-dna-transplants\">approved\u003c/a> such experiments in that country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this remains \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2014/11/10/360342623/combining-the-dna-of-three-people-raises-ethical-questions\">controversial\u003c/a>, not only due to the fact that the resulting children would have DNA from three people. Because the transplanted DNA could be passed down for generations, critics fear it could accidentally introduce errors into the human gene pool that could create new diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also worry it would set a precedent that could open the door to creating designer babies, in which parents can pick and chose the traits of their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of such concerns, making any change in DNA that could be passed down for generations has long been considered off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee report acknowledged that making babies with DNA from three different people could have \"psychological and social effects\" on the offspring, including issues about their \"conception of identity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the committee acknowledged the possibility that it could lead to attempts at genetic \"enhancements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such work would raise thorny regulatory issues, the committee noted. For example, the federal government is prohibited from funding research that involves destroying human embryos. As a result, \"even an agency request\" for data from such research in support of FDA approval \"could well be controversial,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the committee says the potential benefits make the work worth pursuing with careful oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, the FDA could at some point even consider letting experiments proceed to try to create female babies if certain criteria are met, the report said, including the production of \"clear evidence of safety and efficacy from male\" experiments and signs that it would be publicly acceptable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Babies+With+Genes+From+3+People+Could+Be+Ethical%2C+Panel+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zSgwJA-GOlg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blood-testing firm Theranos has pushed back fiercely on The Wall Street Journal's reporting on a host of irregularities it found with the company's cheaper, less-intrusive blood-tests. In one \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/statement-from-theranos-5\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a>, Theranos called a particular story \"inaccurate, misleading and defamatory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we thought this long interview with the Journal reporter who's written those stories was interesting. John Carreyrou appeared last week on the video podcast \"This Week in Startups,\" hosted by investor and entrepreneur Jason Calicanis. In the interview, Carreyrou defends his reporting and recaps some of his findings. He also says he repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqEmGEKFMxY&ab_channel=ThisWeekInStartups\" target=\"_blank\">tried to interview Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes\u003c/a> but was rebuffed. You can see \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/ThisWeekIn/videos?&ab_channel=ThisWeekInStartups\" target=\"_blank\">selected clips from the interview here\u003c/a>, including one in which he talks about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPwj4WJMbFg&ab_channel=ThisWeekInStartups\" target=\"_blank\">Journal's vetting process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind Calicanis himself is a big critic of Theranos. He is not the most objective interviewer. (And you'll also have to sit through some ads.) Also keep in mind, again, that Theranos denies the claims made in the reports, which include allegations that the company hid test results and data that cast doubt on the accuracy of its technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To Recap...\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those unfamiliar with the story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Theranos was valued at $9 billion, making then 31-year-old founder Elizabeth Holmes the world's youngest female billionaire, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2015/07/15/giving-theranos-a-few-tests/#1448085d1721\" target=\"_blank\">Forbes\u003c/a>. Driving the investor rush: The company's claim that it could provide cheaper, less-intrusive blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a foreshadowing of what was to come, Forbes science and medicine reporter Matthew Herper wrote: \"How much is real and how much is hype? ... I still have no idea how Theranos’ technology works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody outside the company knew either. Now, the consensus leans more toward \"hype\" than \"real,\" thanks to Carryrou's \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=wall+street+journal+theranos\" target=\"_blank\">stories \u003c/a>and a federal government's inspection finding that the company's Newark, California lab posed \"immediate jeopardy\" to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos says the lab is under new management and that it's remediated problems there. It has until Friday to respond to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services with a plan to correct deficiencies at the lab. CMS says a report will be released after that plan is reviewed and accepted, but it doesn't have a timeframe for when that will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos has declined to say if it will make its plan public.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zSgwJA-GOlg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zSgwJA-GOlg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The blood-testing firm Theranos has pushed back fiercely on The Wall Street Journal's reporting on a host of irregularities it found with the company's cheaper, less-intrusive blood-tests. In one \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/statement-from-theranos-5\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a>, Theranos called a particular story \"inaccurate, misleading and defamatory.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we thought this long interview with the Journal reporter who's written those stories was interesting. John Carreyrou appeared last week on the video podcast \"This Week in Startups,\" hosted by investor and entrepreneur Jason Calicanis. In the interview, Carreyrou defends his reporting and recaps some of his findings. He also says he repeatedly \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LqEmGEKFMxY&ab_channel=ThisWeekInStartups\" target=\"_blank\">tried to interview Theranos founder Elizabeth Holmes\u003c/a> but was rebuffed. You can see \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/ThisWeekIn/videos?&ab_channel=ThisWeekInStartups\" target=\"_blank\">selected clips from the interview here\u003c/a>, including one in which he talks about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RPwj4WJMbFg&ab_channel=ThisWeekInStartups\" target=\"_blank\">Journal's vetting process\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep in mind Calicanis himself is a big critic of Theranos. He is not the most objective interviewer. (And you'll also have to sit through some ads.) Also keep in mind, again, that Theranos denies the claims made in the reports, which include allegations that the company hid test results and data that cast doubt on the accuracy of its technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>To Recap...\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those unfamiliar with the story:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Theranos was valued at $9 billion, making then 31-year-old founder Elizabeth Holmes the world's youngest female billionaire, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2015/07/15/giving-theranos-a-few-tests/#1448085d1721\" target=\"_blank\">Forbes\u003c/a>. Driving the investor rush: The company's claim that it could provide cheaper, less-intrusive blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a foreshadowing of what was to come, Forbes science and medicine reporter Matthew Herper wrote: \"How much is real and how much is hype? ... I still have no idea how Theranos’ technology works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody outside the company knew either. Now, the consensus leans more toward \"hype\" than \"real,\" thanks to Carryrou's \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instant&ion=1&espv=2&ie=UTF-8#q=wall+street+journal+theranos\" target=\"_blank\">stories \u003c/a>and a federal government's inspection finding that the company's Newark, California lab posed \"immediate jeopardy\" to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos says the lab is under new management and that it's remediated problems there. It has until Friday to respond to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services with a plan to correct deficiencies at the lab. CMS says a report will be released after that plan is reviewed and accepted, but it doesn't have a timeframe for when that will be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos has declined to say if it will make its plan public.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Automating Physician Empathy Work?",
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"content": "\u003cp>A health care startup made a wild pitch to Cara Waller, CEO of the Newport Orthopedic Institute. The company said it could get patients more engaged with their care by automating physician empathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It \"almost made me nauseous,\" she said. How can you automate something as deeply personal as empathy?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A patient might receive this automated email: “How are you? Let me know so I can make sure you’re okay.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Waller needed help. Her physicians in Orange County, Calif., perform as many as 500 surgeries a year, manage large numbers of patients at various stages of treatment and recovery. The doctors needed a better way to communicate with patients and track their progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California startup, HealthLoop, told Waller its messaging technology would improve patient satisfaction and help keep them out of the hospital. High satisfaction scores and low readmission rates mean higher reimbursements from Medicare. Waller was intrigued and decided to give the technology a try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, she's been surprised at patients' enthusiasm for the personalized – but automated — daily emails they receive from their doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limited number of resources in health care. If you do 500 joint replacements in a year, how do you follow up all of those patients every day?\" Waller said. The technology \"allows you to direct your energy to people who need the hand-holding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it may sound like an oxymoron, \"automating empathy\" is becoming a catchphrase in health care. The goal is to help doctors stay in touch with patients cheaply and with minimal effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automated empathy is a powerful draw for hospitals and other health care providers scrambling to adjust to sweeping changes in how they're paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the emails actually trigger an empathetic connection or not, the idea of tailoring regular electronic communications to patients counts as an innovation in health care — one that has the potential to save money and improve quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like HealthLoop are promising that their technologies will help patients stick to treatment and recovery regimens, avoid repeat hospital stays and be more satisfied with their care. Similar companies that aim to improve patient engagement include Wellframe, Curaspan, and Infield Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HealthLoop's technology is being tested at medical centers that include the Cleveland Clinic, Kaiser Permanente-Southern California and the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does it work? Doctors can send daily emails with information timed to milestones in surgery prep and recovery. The emails can ask patients or caregivers for feedback on specific issues that come up during recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors may write their own email scripts, as Newport Orthopedics' physicians did, or use the company's suggestions. An online dashboard helps doctors and administrators keep track of which patients are doing well and who might need more follow-up care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patient might see this message: \"How are you? Let me know so I can make sure you're OK. I have four questions for you today.\" The answers to those questions can trigger a call from the doctor's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those calls may have been a lifesaver for David Larson, a Huntington Beach retiree. After Larson responded \"yes\" to an email that asked if he had calf pain after knee surgery, he got a call from his doctor's office telling him to come in immediately. An ultrasound confirmed he had a blood clot that could have landed him in the hospital — or worse. With treatment, the blood clot dissolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times when it was like, 'Oh brother, they're contacting me again,' but none of this would have been caught if it wasn't for the email,\" said Larson, 66. \"So it was more than worth it to me. Now I'm back to walking the dog, surfing, riding a bike.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to keep patients like Larson from being readmitted to the hospital because of avoidable complications after a hospital stay has long been a vexing and expensive challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 1 in 5 Medicare patients discharged from a hospital — approximately 2.6 million seniors a year – must be readmitted within 30 days, at an annual cost of more than $26 billion, according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, hospitals had no financial incentive to keep patients out of the hospital after they were discharged. But under the Affordable Care Act, penalties were established for hospitals with readmission rates higher than the national average for certain conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also under the ACA, hospitals are financially rewarded for high scores on patient satisfaction scores and good performance on other quality measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea change is affecting doctors' groups, either because they are part-owners in hospitals, as Newport Orthopedics is with Hoag Hospital in Newport Beach, Calif., or because they participate in risk-sharing financial partnerships with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With money on the line, hospitals and other health care providers may be willing to pay for programs like HealthLoop, if the tryouts prove successful. And you could see your own relationship with your physician change as a result, whether you're on Medicare or not: HealthLoop is aimed at all patients, whatever the payment source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts worry that health care providers will come to rely too heavily on electronic communication as a cheap substitute for the hard work of improving the doctor-patient relationship and the quality of care that patients get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Automating personalized messages isn't a terrible thing; we all get some of that in our everyday lives,\" said Michael Millenson, a health industry consultant. \"The real question is whether this kind of automated messaging is in conjunction with a cultural change in how doctors think about their patients or not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care providers have experimented, with varying success, with ways to prevent complications that can lead to re-admissions, said Kristin Carman, vice president of health policy research at the American Institutes for Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robocalls reminding you to take your medicine, for example, don't seem to be very effective. And the new technologies don't always address demographic, cultural and language barriers that can prevent patients from communicating with their doctors. For now, HealthLoop is only available in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jordan Shlain, a San Francisco internist, said he founded HealthLoop because he wanted a simple way to keep track of his patients' progress after a hospital visit or procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every human has the same kind of trajectory of concerns and anxieties with regard to medical situations,\" Shlain said. \"You know your doctor can't email you every day; you know your doctor usually will not call you. Now you're in a world where your doctor says I'd like to use this system to stay in touch with you and guide you through your recovery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Thomas Vail, professor and chairman of the department of orthopedic surgery at the University of California, San Francisco would agree – up to a point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his UCSF colleagues, Vail is testing HealthLoop's system with his patients, and the university will be evaluating whether patients who use it experience fewer problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF helped create some of the language for the automated emails and has a financial relationship with the company, said Dr. Aenor Sawyer, who directs UCSF's Skeletal Health Service and is a leader at the university's Center for Digital Health Innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Vail thinks HealthLoop is potentially promising, he's cautious about its role in his practice. \"I don't think it substitutes for face-to-face communication,\" Vail said, \"but it does help us collectively to not overlook something that might be important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Kaiser Health News, which publishes California Healthline, a service of the California HealthCare Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A health care startup made a wild pitch to Cara Waller, CEO of the Newport Orthopedic Institute. The company said it could get patients more engaged with their care by automating physician empathy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It \"almost made me nauseous,\" she said. How can you automate something as deeply personal as empathy?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A patient might receive this automated email: “How are you? Let me know so I can make sure you’re okay.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Waller needed help. Her physicians in Orange County, Calif., perform as many as 500 surgeries a year, manage large numbers of patients at various stages of treatment and recovery. The doctors needed a better way to communicate with patients and track their progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California startup, HealthLoop, told Waller its messaging technology would improve patient satisfaction and help keep them out of the hospital. High satisfaction scores and low readmission rates mean higher reimbursements from Medicare. Waller was intrigued and decided to give the technology a try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, she's been surprised at patients' enthusiasm for the personalized – but automated — daily emails they receive from their doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limited number of resources in health care. If you do 500 joint replacements in a year, how do you follow up all of those patients every day?\" Waller said. The technology \"allows you to direct your energy to people who need the hand-holding.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though it may sound like an oxymoron, \"automating empathy\" is becoming a catchphrase in health care. The goal is to help doctors stay in touch with patients cheaply and with minimal effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Automated empathy is a powerful draw for hospitals and other health care providers scrambling to adjust to sweeping changes in how they're paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the emails actually trigger an empathetic connection or not, the idea of tailoring regular electronic communications to patients counts as an innovation in health care — one that has the potential to save money and improve quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like HealthLoop are promising that their technologies will help patients stick to treatment and recovery regimens, avoid repeat hospital stays and be more satisfied with their care. Similar companies that aim to improve patient engagement include Wellframe, Curaspan, and Infield Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HealthLoop's technology is being tested at medical centers that include the Cleveland Clinic, Kaiser Permanente-Southern California and the University of California, San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does it work? Doctors can send daily emails with information timed to milestones in surgery prep and recovery. The emails can ask patients or caregivers for feedback on specific issues that come up during recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors may write their own email scripts, as Newport Orthopedics' physicians did, or use the company's suggestions. An online dashboard helps doctors and administrators keep track of which patients are doing well and who might need more follow-up care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patient might see this message: \"How are you? Let me know so I can make sure you're OK. I have four questions for you today.\" The answers to those questions can trigger a call from the doctor's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those calls may have been a lifesaver for David Larson, a Huntington Beach retiree. After Larson responded \"yes\" to an email that asked if he had calf pain after knee surgery, he got a call from his doctor's office telling him to come in immediately. An ultrasound confirmed he had a blood clot that could have landed him in the hospital — or worse. With treatment, the blood clot dissolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were times when it was like, 'Oh brother, they're contacting me again,' but none of this would have been caught if it wasn't for the email,\" said Larson, 66. \"So it was more than worth it to me. Now I'm back to walking the dog, surfing, riding a bike.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to keep patients like Larson from being readmitted to the hospital because of avoidable complications after a hospital stay has long been a vexing and expensive challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 1 in 5 Medicare patients discharged from a hospital — approximately 2.6 million seniors a year – must be readmitted within 30 days, at an annual cost of more than $26 billion, according to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, hospitals had no financial incentive to keep patients out of the hospital after they were discharged. But under the Affordable Care Act, penalties were established for hospitals with readmission rates higher than the national average for certain conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also under the ACA, hospitals are financially rewarded for high scores on patient satisfaction scores and good performance on other quality measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea change is affecting doctors' groups, either because they are part-owners in hospitals, as Newport Orthopedics is with Hoag Hospital in Newport Beach, Calif., or because they participate in risk-sharing financial partnerships with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With money on the line, hospitals and other health care providers may be willing to pay for programs like HealthLoop, if the tryouts prove successful. And you could see your own relationship with your physician change as a result, whether you're on Medicare or not: HealthLoop is aimed at all patients, whatever the payment source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts worry that health care providers will come to rely too heavily on electronic communication as a cheap substitute for the hard work of improving the doctor-patient relationship and the quality of care that patients get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Automating personalized messages isn't a terrible thing; we all get some of that in our everyday lives,\" said Michael Millenson, a health industry consultant. \"The real question is whether this kind of automated messaging is in conjunction with a cultural change in how doctors think about their patients or not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care providers have experimented, with varying success, with ways to prevent complications that can lead to re-admissions, said Kristin Carman, vice president of health policy research at the American Institutes for Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robocalls reminding you to take your medicine, for example, don't seem to be very effective. And the new technologies don't always address demographic, cultural and language barriers that can prevent patients from communicating with their doctors. For now, HealthLoop is only available in English.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jordan Shlain, a San Francisco internist, said he founded HealthLoop because he wanted a simple way to keep track of his patients' progress after a hospital visit or procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every human has the same kind of trajectory of concerns and anxieties with regard to medical situations,\" Shlain said. \"You know your doctor can't email you every day; you know your doctor usually will not call you. Now you're in a world where your doctor says I'd like to use this system to stay in touch with you and guide you through your recovery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Thomas Vail, professor and chairman of the department of orthopedic surgery at the University of California, San Francisco would agree – up to a point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his UCSF colleagues, Vail is testing HealthLoop's system with his patients, and the university will be evaluating whether patients who use it experience fewer problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF helped create some of the language for the automated emails and has a financial relationship with the company, said Dr. Aenor Sawyer, who directs UCSF's Skeletal Health Service and is a leader at the university's Center for Digital Health Innovation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Vail thinks HealthLoop is potentially promising, he's cautious about its role in his practice. \"I don't think it substitutes for face-to-face communication,\" Vail said, \"but it does help us collectively to not overlook something that might be important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, Jan. 29\u003c/strong>: On Thursday, health insurer Capital BlueCross said beleaguered blood-testing company Theranos would stop drawing blood at the insurer's retail store in Enola, Pa., according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-stops-drawing-blood-from-patients-at-capital-bluecross-pennsylvania-store-1454093470\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.pennlive.com/news/2016/01/capital_blue_steps_back_from_e.html\" target=\"_blank\">local reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That move came on the same day that Walgreens suspended Theranos services at its Palo Alto, Calif., store and told Theranos to stop sending blood samples taken at any Walgreens to Theranos' Newark lab for testing. That lab was found to be deficient in a way that put patients in \"immediate jeopardy,\" according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, which conducted an inspection last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWalgreens is suspending Theranos Lab services at the drugstore chain's outlet in Palo Alto, Calif. (also known as Theranos' hometown). Early Theranos-adopter Walgreens also told the company to \"\u003ca href=\"http://news.walgreens.com/press-releases/general-news/walgreens-informs-theranos-to-cease-use-of-its-newark-calif-lab-for-blood-test-analysis.htm\" target=\"_blank\">immediately cease\u003c/a>\" sending blood samples collected at Walgreens stores to Theranos' Newark, Calif. lab, which the government found out-of-compliance with standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the agency that conducted the inspection of the Newark lab last fall, said the facility was deficient in a way that puts patients in \"immediate jeopardy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the agency, that term is defined as “a situation in which immediate corrective action is necessary because the laboratory’s non-compliance … has already caused, is causing, or is likely to cause, at any time, serious injury or harm, or death, to individuals served by the laboratory or to the health and safety of the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walgreens had offered Theranos' FDA-approved blood test for herpes at the Palo Alto drugstore. An employee there says, with the suspension, the Palo Alto outlet is currently not offering any blood testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drugstore chain also says it will require blood samples collected at other stores to be sent to Theranos' certified Arizona lab, or to an accredited outside lab. Theranos has several dozen facilities located in Walgreens outlets in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos responded to news of the CMS findings by stating that the agency's inspection took place last year, and that the report doesn't reflect current practices. The Silicon Valley company also said it is taking corrective steps. Theranos Vice President of Communications Brooke Buchanan said in an email statement today that, \"We look forward to continuing to work with Walgreens to provide access to reliable, high quality, and low-cost lab testing services.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also said the company would fix \"quickly and completely\" the one issue -- related to hematology -- that resulted in the \"immediate jeopardy\" characterization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked Buchanan how Theranos planned to address the CMS mandate that it identify and take \"corrective action\" for patients who have been potentially affected by the problems at the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are developing our corrective action plan and that is part of the plan,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded by CEO Elizabeth Holmes, Theranos has raised millions by pitching its technology as a cheaper, faster way to run dozens of blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deerfield, Illinois-based Walgreens said no patient samples will be sent to the Newark lab until the issues raised by CMS have been resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any pulling back by Walgreens could be a serious blow to Theranos, once a Silicon Valley darling that seemed poise to disrupt the blood-testing industry. Over the past several months, however, the company has suffered the slings and arrows of The Wall Street Journal, which has published a string of negative stories casting doubts on Theranos' proprietary blood-testing technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-28/walgreens-halts-use-of-theranos-california-lab-after-u-s-report?cmpid=twtr1\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg\u003c/a> characterized the partnership between Walgreens and the secretive Theranos as \"the most public evidence of Theranos's promise of providing quicker and cheaper lab testing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomberg is also reporting that the Cleveland Clinic and Intermountain Healthcare, both of which Theranos hoped would evaluate its technology, are balking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Theranos had asked the Cleveland Clinic, a prominent research hospital, to run a study comparing Theranos’s technology to traditional blood draw, Holmes has said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cleveland Clinic, however, said Wednesday that it had started no such program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Cleveland Clinic has not begun any work related to the study at this time,” spokeswoman Eileen Sheil said Wednesday. “We are not consultants, nor do we have any financial investments in the company. ..”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intermountain Healthcare, a 22-hospital system based in Utah, said in October that it was planning to run a pilot program with Theranos technology, to be used alongside traditional blood testing for comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intermountain hasn’t used Theranos’s technology yet, according to spokesman Daron Cowley. “We have not yet scheduled a possible pilot” study, Cowley said Wednesday in an e-mail. “We’ll certainly evaluate this and all information before beginning a pilot.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Friday, Jan. 29\u003c/strong>: On Thursday, health insurer Capital BlueCross said beleaguered blood-testing company Theranos would stop drawing blood at the insurer's retail store in Enola, Pa., according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-stops-drawing-blood-from-patients-at-capital-bluecross-pennsylvania-store-1454093470\" target=\"_blank\">The Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.pennlive.com/news/2016/01/capital_blue_steps_back_from_e.html\" target=\"_blank\">local reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That move came on the same day that Walgreens suspended Theranos services at its Palo Alto, Calif., store and told Theranos to stop sending blood samples taken at any Walgreens to Theranos' Newark lab for testing. That lab was found to be deficient in a way that put patients in \"immediate jeopardy,\" according to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, which conducted an inspection last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nWalgreens is suspending Theranos Lab services at the drugstore chain's outlet in Palo Alto, Calif. (also known as Theranos' hometown). Early Theranos-adopter Walgreens also told the company to \"\u003ca href=\"http://news.walgreens.com/press-releases/general-news/walgreens-informs-theranos-to-cease-use-of-its-newark-calif-lab-for-blood-test-analysis.htm\" target=\"_blank\">immediately cease\u003c/a>\" sending blood samples collected at Walgreens stores to Theranos' Newark, Calif. lab, which the government found out-of-compliance with standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, the agency that conducted the inspection of the Newark lab last fall, said the facility was deficient in a way that puts patients in \"immediate jeopardy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the agency, that term is defined as “a situation in which immediate corrective action is necessary because the laboratory’s non-compliance … has already caused, is causing, or is likely to cause, at any time, serious injury or harm, or death, to individuals served by the laboratory or to the health and safety of the general public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walgreens had offered Theranos' FDA-approved blood test for herpes at the Palo Alto drugstore. An employee there says, with the suspension, the Palo Alto outlet is currently not offering any blood testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drugstore chain also says it will require blood samples collected at other stores to be sent to Theranos' certified Arizona lab, or to an accredited outside lab. Theranos has several dozen facilities located in Walgreens outlets in Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos responded to news of the CMS findings by stating that the agency's inspection took place last year, and that the report doesn't reflect current practices. The Silicon Valley company also said it is taking corrective steps. Theranos Vice President of Communications Brooke Buchanan said in an email statement today that, \"We look forward to continuing to work with Walgreens to provide access to reliable, high quality, and low-cost lab testing services.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also said the company would fix \"quickly and completely\" the one issue -- related to hematology -- that resulted in the \"immediate jeopardy\" characterization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked Buchanan how Theranos planned to address the CMS mandate that it identify and take \"corrective action\" for patients who have been potentially affected by the problems at the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are developing our corrective action plan and that is part of the plan,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded by CEO Elizabeth Holmes, Theranos has raised millions by pitching its technology as a cheaper, faster way to run dozens of blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deerfield, Illinois-based Walgreens said no patient samples will be sent to the Newark lab until the issues raised by CMS have been resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any pulling back by Walgreens could be a serious blow to Theranos, once a Silicon Valley darling that seemed poise to disrupt the blood-testing industry. Over the past several months, however, the company has suffered the slings and arrows of The Wall Street Journal, which has published a string of negative stories casting doubts on Theranos' proprietary blood-testing technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-01-28/walgreens-halts-use-of-theranos-california-lab-after-u-s-report?cmpid=twtr1\" target=\"_blank\">Bloomberg\u003c/a> characterized the partnership between Walgreens and the secretive Theranos as \"the most public evidence of Theranos's promise of providing quicker and cheaper lab testing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloomberg is also reporting that the Cleveland Clinic and Intermountain Healthcare, both of which Theranos hoped would evaluate its technology, are balking:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Theranos had asked the Cleveland Clinic, a prominent research hospital, to run a study comparing Theranos’s technology to traditional blood draw, Holmes has said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cleveland Clinic, however, said Wednesday that it had started no such program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Cleveland Clinic has not begun any work related to the study at this time,” spokeswoman Eileen Sheil said Wednesday. “We are not consultants, nor do we have any financial investments in the company. ..”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intermountain Healthcare, a 22-hospital system based in Utah, said in October that it was planning to run a pilot program with Theranos technology, to be used alongside traditional blood testing for comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Intermountain hasn’t used Theranos’s technology yet, according to spokesman Daron Cowley. “We have not yet scheduled a possible pilot” study, Cowley said Wednesday in an e-mail. “We’ll certainly evaluate this and all information before beginning a pilot.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Schizophrenic's Poignant Journey -- All Told on YouTube",
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"content": "\u003cp>When she was 22, Rachel Star Withers uploaded a video to YouTube called \"Normal: Living With Schizophrenia.\" It starts with her striding across her family's property in Fort Mill, S.C. She looks across the rolling grounds, unsmiling. Her eyes are narrow and grim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sits down in front of a deserted white cottage and starts sharing. \"I see monsters. I see myself chopped up and bloody a lot. Sometimes I'll be walking, and the whole room will just tilt. Like this,\" she grasps the camera and jerks the frame crooked. She surfaces a fleeting grin. \"Try and imagine walking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She becomes serious again. \"I'm making this because I don't want you to feel alone, whether you're struggling with any kind of mental illness or just struggling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, 2008, there were very few people who had done anything like this online. \"As I got diagnosed [with schizophrenia], I started researching everything. The only stuff I could find was like every horror movie,\" she says. \"I felt so alone for years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She decided that schizophrenia was really not that scary. \"I want people to find me and see a real person.\" Over the past eight years, she has made 53 videos documenting her journey with schizophrenia and depression, and her therapy. And she is not the only one. There are hundreds of videos online of people publicly sharing their experiences with mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her early videos, Withers glowers. She tried to give off an aura of toughness befitting the daughter of a Hell's Angel biker. But there's also a sense that terror is a deep undercurrent in her life. \"All right, let's go,\" she says in the video \"Watch If You Forget,\" where she documents getting electroconvulsive therapy for depression. Then, in the next few seconds, \"I'm about to start the electroshock therapy and, yeah, I'm pretty nervous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q47ZtLI4Huc\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things have changed a lot since then. Now, almost all her videos open with Withers flicking her black curls, arms raised with swagger: \"Hey, what's up! I'm Rachel Star!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Millenials More Comfortable Sharing Mental Health Issues\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That public sharing of mental illness might be making a huge impact on the way our society views these disorders, especially for those of us who are digital natives. Millennials tend to be more comfortable talking about mental health issues, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.adaa.org/college-aged-adults-face-less-mental-health-stigma\">poll\u003c/a> released Jan. 14 by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, along with two national suicide prevention foundations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came to seeing a mental health professional, for instance, 48 percent of survey respondents between the ages of 18 and 34 said that it was a sign of strength. About 35 percent of all prior generations felt the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our young people are accepting that mental health problems exist, and they want help for it, and they are not looking at these things as something to be ashamed of,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://asp.cumc.columbia.edu/facdb/profile_list.asp?uni=aa2289&DepAffil=NYSPI\">Anne Marie Albano\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at Columbia University who is on the board for the ADAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thinks that social media and videos like Withers' have helped lower stigma around mental illnesses. \"Young people take advantage of this,\" Albano says. \"It gives the opportunity for people to tell their stories and post images. This allows them to feel more hope than prior generations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-104496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll-800x368.jpg\" alt=\"poll\" width=\"800\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll-800x368.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll-400x184.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll-768x353.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll.jpg 824w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There might be other reasons young people are less concerned about stigma surrounding mental illness. Perhaps as you age, your outlook becomes more pessimistic, says \u003ca href=\"http://tdi.dartmouth.edu/faculty/staff-directory/staff-bios/john-naslund\">John Naslund\u003c/a>, a Ph.D. candidate at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice who studies social media and mental health. He notes that the ADAA poll found that a higher percentage of older adults than young people didn't believe that something like suicide could be prevented. \"Maybe they've been through this before and have had people close to them take their own lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes things really are getting better. \"It's very possible. That would be a very exciting change in the way society views mental illness,\" Naslund says. But the problem has not been solved. Even if information moves quickly, change is slow. \"It's really important to acknowledge that people who have a serious mental disorder still face a lot of stigma,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"I Felt Like a Freak\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was younger, Withers struggled with a lot of shame and humiliation over her disorders. \"For so many years, I felt like a freak,\" she says. Part of that was the religious community she had joined. \"Think militant Christian. Like a militaristic type,\" she says. When she was 17, she graduated from high school early to attend the former Teen Mania Ministries Honor Academy in Dallas. \"I honestly thought that's what God wanted me to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, her mental condition was deteriorating. She says her schizophrenia was starting to emerge and transform into something unmanageable. The counselor at Honor Academy diagnosed her with depression and prescribed pills. They didn't help. Eventually she told them about her hallucinations. \"This being a Christian place, they decided I was possessed by demons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three days, Withers fasted. Each morning, she met three of the school's spiritual advisers, and they spent the day performing an exorcism in a closed room. They read Bible verses, and Withers confessed to everything she could think of that might be construed as a sin — even watching demon-related TV shows like \u003cem>Buffy The Vampire Slayer.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the crucible, Withers was on the floor, exhausted. \"I was young and here are these people who, you know, I'm told are close to God. I was like ... OK. It must be right,\" she says. \"Surprise! It didn't work. I spent six more months there as an outcast.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing this kind of stigma is a fundamental reason Withers continues making videos. She wants others to see those struggling with mental disorders with more compassion, and she wants people with a mental diagnosis to see themselves more positively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-104494\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/blacksnaky.jpg\" alt=\"blacksnaky\" width=\"618\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/blacksnaky.jpg 618w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/blacksnaky-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Online Community\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After she posted her first video, Withers says, \"People just come out of the woodwork emailing me, messaging me. The friends I've had the longest time, even people I've never met in real life with schizophrenia and like disorders. We just started talking.\" She got invited to mental health forums and to mental health support groups on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thank you for these videos. They really help me to better understand my sister,\" YouTube user Kathryn Hatzenbuhler posted under one video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These online communities are an important part of Withers' life now. \"Whenever I'm posting on Twitter, I'll put #schizophrenia and #schizophrenic. I'm hoping to find other people who are having problems,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withers ended up making a coloring book for kids with schizophrenia, and she shares ways she has figured out to deal with her visions and voices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Via webcam, she showed me two askew mirrors in her room that can be angled away from the viewer. \"People with mental disorders don't do well with mirrors. I just start hallucinating,\" she says. \"It's real hard putting on makeup, you have to imagine. Having the mirrors at an angle helps.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one video, she talks about walking up to one of her hallucinations to touch it, and that alone took away some of the fear. \"It's kind of something to help you get used to your hallucinations, so you know how to respond, because the voices are always horrible. The voices are never like, 'Oh my God, you look so good today.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v13xt0NvzBA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's no hiding her disorder from anybody on Facebook, so people she knew in real life started finding out. It caused her pain at some jobs (\"This one girl was like, 'Oh she's crazy. I'm not working with her.' \"), but it also led some people to talk about their own or their family's experiences with mental disorder. \"They'll be like, 'So ... I saw your post, Rachel. I had a question.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers think there's a potential gold mine of mental health benefits in exchanging messages and encouragement online like this. \"Social support is always the No. 1 variable that predicts a better prognosis and better care management of anyone's illness,\" Albano says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Effect of Social Media \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a small leap from there to think that participating in mental health-focused communities on YouTube and Facebook might actually be making people healthier and preventing suicides. \"That's probably absolutely correct,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://humansciences.iit.edu/faculty/patrick-corrigan\">Patrick Corrigan\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at the Illinois Institute of Technology. But scientists are only just now beginning to measure the effect social media might have on clinical outcomes. \"It's quite a new area of thinking, online peer-to-peer support for mental illness,\" Naslund says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's an obvious downside to being public on social media about mental health problems. \"Say I have a network of friends and I have a breakdown one day. It will spread through social media, maybe in negative ways,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://socialwork.nyu.edu/our-faculty/full-time/michael-lindsey.html\">Michael Lindsey\u003c/a>, a professor of social work at New York University. That could be through someone's real social groups, like at work or school, or it could be anonymous, via Internet trolls. For those already depressed, anxious or paranoid, cruel comments and messages could have a terrible impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Naslund's research, he says that problems with online attacks have been extraordinarily rare. \"If someone did post a derogatory comment, seemed a little harmful, other people would come to the defense and say, 'Don't listen to that,' \" he says. \"[Social media are] way more supportive than we imagined.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Naslund, the benefits seem to vastly outweigh the harms. \"That's clear in the literature,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Withers agrees. She doesn't think that people with mental health problems usually go on social media and spiral out of control even more. \"I'm sure it happens somewhere on some area of the Internet,\" she says. \"But I think usually when I'm feeling depressed and stuff, but then I see someone else thinking of hurting themselves, the opposite kicks in. It's like, no. You have so much to live for. You're able to pull yourself out in a way to help someone else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Withers does get trolls, she blocks them. \"Anything remotely violent towards me gets blocked,\" she says. \"Like — I'm not going to respond to that. Don't call me that word.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Note of Caution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she cautions others to think carefully before coming out to the world about their mental illness. It can be dangerous, she admits. She says she gets phone stalkers and death threats. But she is still glad that she did it. It's uncomfortable for her to think what might have happened if she never went online about her depression and schizophrenia. \"I see myself being a lot more closed off,\" she says. \"I hope I would have found other people's videos.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withers attributes a lot of her transformation to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007474.htm\">electroconvulsive therapy\u003c/a>. She says it knocked out a lot of her deep depression. And Withers thinks sharing on the Internet has also helped. \"It helps me to vocalize it and put it all out there,\" she says, and it makes her feel like she is less \"broken and sick\" when other users empathize with her online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbnEBfW0UDs\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, she posted a video to YouTube called \"There Will Be Beautiful Days.\" It's short, reaching just past a minute long. Withers smiles and says she knows things are hard now. Maybe harder than they've ever been. But it's going to be OK. And at some point, you'll have some good days. Maybe even just one great day, but it'll be enough. It will make life worth fighting for.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When she was 22, Rachel Star Withers uploaded a video to YouTube called \"Normal: Living With Schizophrenia.\" It starts with her striding across her family's property in Fort Mill, S.C. She looks across the rolling grounds, unsmiling. Her eyes are narrow and grim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sits down in front of a deserted white cottage and starts sharing. \"I see monsters. I see myself chopped up and bloody a lot. Sometimes I'll be walking, and the whole room will just tilt. Like this,\" she grasps the camera and jerks the frame crooked. She surfaces a fleeting grin. \"Try and imagine walking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She becomes serious again. \"I'm making this because I don't want you to feel alone, whether you're struggling with any kind of mental illness or just struggling.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, 2008, there were very few people who had done anything like this online. \"As I got diagnosed [with schizophrenia], I started researching everything. The only stuff I could find was like every horror movie,\" she says. \"I felt so alone for years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She decided that schizophrenia was really not that scary. \"I want people to find me and see a real person.\" Over the past eight years, she has made 53 videos documenting her journey with schizophrenia and depression, and her therapy. And she is not the only one. There are hundreds of videos online of people publicly sharing their experiences with mental illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her early videos, Withers glowers. She tried to give off an aura of toughness befitting the daughter of a Hell's Angel biker. But there's also a sense that terror is a deep undercurrent in her life. \"All right, let's go,\" she says in the video \"Watch If You Forget,\" where she documents getting electroconvulsive therapy for depression. Then, in the next few seconds, \"I'm about to start the electroshock therapy and, yeah, I'm pretty nervous.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Q47ZtLI4Huc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Q47ZtLI4Huc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Things have changed a lot since then. Now, almost all her videos open with Withers flicking her black curls, arms raised with swagger: \"Hey, what's up! I'm Rachel Star!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Millenials More Comfortable Sharing Mental Health Issues\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That public sharing of mental illness might be making a huge impact on the way our society views these disorders, especially for those of us who are digital natives. Millennials tend to be more comfortable talking about mental health issues, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.adaa.org/college-aged-adults-face-less-mental-health-stigma\">poll\u003c/a> released Jan. 14 by the Anxiety and Depression Association of America, along with two national suicide prevention foundations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came to seeing a mental health professional, for instance, 48 percent of survey respondents between the ages of 18 and 34 said that it was a sign of strength. About 35 percent of all prior generations felt the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our young people are accepting that mental health problems exist, and they want help for it, and they are not looking at these things as something to be ashamed of,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://asp.cumc.columbia.edu/facdb/profile_list.asp?uni=aa2289&DepAffil=NYSPI\">Anne Marie Albano\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist at Columbia University who is on the board for the ADAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She thinks that social media and videos like Withers' have helped lower stigma around mental illnesses. \"Young people take advantage of this,\" Albano says. \"It gives the opportunity for people to tell their stories and post images. This allows them to feel more hope than prior generations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-104496\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll-800x368.jpg\" alt=\"poll\" width=\"800\" height=\"368\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll-800x368.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll-400x184.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll-768x353.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/poll.jpg 824w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There might be other reasons young people are less concerned about stigma surrounding mental illness. Perhaps as you age, your outlook becomes more pessimistic, says \u003ca href=\"http://tdi.dartmouth.edu/faculty/staff-directory/staff-bios/john-naslund\">John Naslund\u003c/a>, a Ph.D. candidate at the Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice who studies social media and mental health. He notes that the ADAA poll found that a higher percentage of older adults than young people didn't believe that something like suicide could be prevented. \"Maybe they've been through this before and have had people close to them take their own lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes things really are getting better. \"It's very possible. That would be a very exciting change in the way society views mental illness,\" Naslund says. But the problem has not been solved. Even if information moves quickly, change is slow. \"It's really important to acknowledge that people who have a serious mental disorder still face a lot of stigma,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"I Felt Like a Freak\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was younger, Withers struggled with a lot of shame and humiliation over her disorders. \"For so many years, I felt like a freak,\" she says. Part of that was the religious community she had joined. \"Think militant Christian. Like a militaristic type,\" she says. When she was 17, she graduated from high school early to attend the former Teen Mania Ministries Honor Academy in Dallas. \"I honestly thought that's what God wanted me to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, her mental condition was deteriorating. She says her schizophrenia was starting to emerge and transform into something unmanageable. The counselor at Honor Academy diagnosed her with depression and prescribed pills. They didn't help. Eventually she told them about her hallucinations. \"This being a Christian place, they decided I was possessed by demons.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three days, Withers fasted. Each morning, she met three of the school's spiritual advisers, and they spent the day performing an exorcism in a closed room. They read Bible verses, and Withers confessed to everything she could think of that might be construed as a sin — even watching demon-related TV shows like \u003cem>Buffy The Vampire Slayer.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the crucible, Withers was on the floor, exhausted. \"I was young and here are these people who, you know, I'm told are close to God. I was like ... OK. It must be right,\" she says. \"Surprise! It didn't work. I spent six more months there as an outcast.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reducing this kind of stigma is a fundamental reason Withers continues making videos. She wants others to see those struggling with mental disorders with more compassion, and she wants people with a mental diagnosis to see themselves more positively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-104494\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/blacksnaky.jpg\" alt=\"blacksnaky\" width=\"618\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/blacksnaky.jpg 618w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/blacksnaky-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 618px) 100vw, 618px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Online Community\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After she posted her first video, Withers says, \"People just come out of the woodwork emailing me, messaging me. The friends I've had the longest time, even people I've never met in real life with schizophrenia and like disorders. We just started talking.\" She got invited to mental health forums and to mental health support groups on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thank you for these videos. They really help me to better understand my sister,\" YouTube user Kathryn Hatzenbuhler posted under one video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These online communities are an important part of Withers' life now. \"Whenever I'm posting on Twitter, I'll put #schizophrenia and #schizophrenic. I'm hoping to find other people who are having problems,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withers ended up making a coloring book for kids with schizophrenia, and she shares ways she has figured out to deal with her visions and voices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Via webcam, she showed me two askew mirrors in her room that can be angled away from the viewer. \"People with mental disorders don't do well with mirrors. I just start hallucinating,\" she says. \"It's real hard putting on makeup, you have to imagine. Having the mirrors at an angle helps.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one video, she talks about walking up to one of her hallucinations to touch it, and that alone took away some of the fear. \"It's kind of something to help you get used to your hallucinations, so you know how to respond, because the voices are always horrible. The voices are never like, 'Oh my God, you look so good today.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/v13xt0NvzBA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/v13xt0NvzBA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>There's no hiding her disorder from anybody on Facebook, so people she knew in real life started finding out. It caused her pain at some jobs (\"This one girl was like, 'Oh she's crazy. I'm not working with her.' \"), but it also led some people to talk about their own or their family's experiences with mental disorder. \"They'll be like, 'So ... I saw your post, Rachel. I had a question.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers think there's a potential gold mine of mental health benefits in exchanging messages and encouragement online like this. \"Social support is always the No. 1 variable that predicts a better prognosis and better care management of anyone's illness,\" Albano says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Effect of Social Media \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a small leap from there to think that participating in mental health-focused communities on YouTube and Facebook might actually be making people healthier and preventing suicides. \"That's probably absolutely correct,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://humansciences.iit.edu/faculty/patrick-corrigan\">Patrick Corrigan\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at the Illinois Institute of Technology. But scientists are only just now beginning to measure the effect social media might have on clinical outcomes. \"It's quite a new area of thinking, online peer-to-peer support for mental illness,\" Naslund says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's an obvious downside to being public on social media about mental health problems. \"Say I have a network of friends and I have a breakdown one day. It will spread through social media, maybe in negative ways,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://socialwork.nyu.edu/our-faculty/full-time/michael-lindsey.html\">Michael Lindsey\u003c/a>, a professor of social work at New York University. That could be through someone's real social groups, like at work or school, or it could be anonymous, via Internet trolls. For those already depressed, anxious or paranoid, cruel comments and messages could have a terrible impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Naslund's research, he says that problems with online attacks have been extraordinarily rare. \"If someone did post a derogatory comment, seemed a little harmful, other people would come to the defense and say, 'Don't listen to that,' \" he says. \"[Social media are] way more supportive than we imagined.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Naslund, the benefits seem to vastly outweigh the harms. \"That's clear in the literature,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Withers agrees. She doesn't think that people with mental health problems usually go on social media and spiral out of control even more. \"I'm sure it happens somewhere on some area of the Internet,\" she says. \"But I think usually when I'm feeling depressed and stuff, but then I see someone else thinking of hurting themselves, the opposite kicks in. It's like, no. You have so much to live for. You're able to pull yourself out in a way to help someone else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Withers does get trolls, she blocks them. \"Anything remotely violent towards me gets blocked,\" she says. \"Like — I'm not going to respond to that. Don't call me that word.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Note of Caution\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she cautions others to think carefully before coming out to the world about their mental illness. It can be dangerous, she admits. She says she gets phone stalkers and death threats. But she is still glad that she did it. It's uncomfortable for her to think what might have happened if she never went online about her depression and schizophrenia. \"I see myself being a lot more closed off,\" she says. \"I hope I would have found other people's videos.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withers attributes a lot of her transformation to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007474.htm\">electroconvulsive therapy\u003c/a>. She says it knocked out a lot of her deep depression. And Withers thinks sharing on the Internet has also helped. \"It helps me to vocalize it and put it all out there,\" she says, and it makes her feel like she is less \"broken and sick\" when other users empathize with her online.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HbnEBfW0UDs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HbnEBfW0UDs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, she posted a video to YouTube called \"There Will Be Beautiful Days.\" It's short, reaching just past a minute long. Withers smiles and says she knows things are hard now. Maybe harder than they've ever been. But it's going to be OK. And at some point, you'll have some good days. Maybe even just one great day, but it'll be enough. It will make life worth fighting for.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>OK, who \u003cem>wouldn't\u003c/em> want their very own perspiration analysis system?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, good news, my friends. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/wearable-sweat-sensor-paves-way-for-real-time-analysis-of-body-chemistry-1.19254\" target=\"_blank\">paper published Wednesday\u003c/a> in the journal Nature, researchers at Stanford University and UC Berkeley say they have created just such a gadget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And naturally, you can wear it -- as a flexible head or wrist band.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device works by marrying sensors that detect and analyze sodium, potassium, glucose and lactate -- elements found in sweat -- to a wireless circuit board of interconnected chips. The circuit board then beams its analysis to a smartphone or other device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new system's inventors say the technology could potentially issue alerts for problems like fatigue, dehydration and overheating, as well as open up new fields of research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OzZBVOF8u-0&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With continuous, real-time monitoring of populations of people, we’ll be able to mine the collected data for patterns that can guide clinically oriented investigations and deliver personalized medicine,”said Stanford Genome Technology Center Director Ron Davis, who worked on the project with Sam Emaminejad, a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford and UC Berkeley, and Ali Javey, a UCB researcher in electronic materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team tested the device by having individuals exercise for different durations and intensity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were able to show how well the device worked,\" said UC Berkeley's George Brooks, a researcher in exercise physiology and metabolism who worked with the inventors. \"A medical technician could get a reading on somebody instantaneously and then follow that, instead of taking a blood sample and then sending that to a laboratory and waiting several hours for a result.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when you can buy it? Well, maybe not next Christmas. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/wearable-sweat-sensor-paves-way-for-real-time-analysis-of-body-chemistry-1.19254\" target=\"_blank\">Nature\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Javey says he has applied for patents on the technology. But there are still many challenges to overcome before you can expect to buy a sweat sensor incorporated into a wearable fitness band. For one thing, scientists aren’t used to working with such tiny quantities of fluid, and people aren’t always sweating. “Many applications will be outside athletics, where wearable bands or patches will have to locally stimulate sweat,” says [wearable technology researcher Jason] Heikenfeld. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in the article, Javey cautions that sweat sensors are not as accurate as blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for now, don't sweat the results. But maybe soon ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>OK, who \u003cem>wouldn't\u003c/em> want their very own perspiration analysis system?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, good news, my friends. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/wearable-sweat-sensor-paves-way-for-real-time-analysis-of-body-chemistry-1.19254\" target=\"_blank\">paper published Wednesday\u003c/a> in the journal Nature, researchers at Stanford University and UC Berkeley say they have created just such a gadget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And naturally, you can wear it -- as a flexible head or wrist band.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device works by marrying sensors that detect and analyze sodium, potassium, glucose and lactate -- elements found in sweat -- to a wireless circuit board of interconnected chips. The circuit board then beams its analysis to a smartphone or other device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new system's inventors say the technology could potentially issue alerts for problems like fatigue, dehydration and overheating, as well as open up new fields of research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/OzZBVOF8u-0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/OzZBVOF8u-0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\"With continuous, real-time monitoring of populations of people, we’ll be able to mine the collected data for patterns that can guide clinically oriented investigations and deliver personalized medicine,”said Stanford Genome Technology Center Director Ron Davis, who worked on the project with Sam Emaminejad, a postdoctoral scholar at Stanford and UC Berkeley, and Ali Javey, a UCB researcher in electronic materials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team tested the device by having individuals exercise for different durations and intensity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were able to show how well the device worked,\" said UC Berkeley's George Brooks, a researcher in exercise physiology and metabolism who worked with the inventors. \"A medical technician could get a reading on somebody instantaneously and then follow that, instead of taking a blood sample and then sending that to a laboratory and waiting several hours for a result.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when you can buy it? Well, maybe not next Christmas. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/wearable-sweat-sensor-paves-way-for-real-time-analysis-of-body-chemistry-1.19254\" target=\"_blank\">Nature\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Javey says he has applied for patents on the technology. But there are still many challenges to overcome before you can expect to buy a sweat sensor incorporated into a wearable fitness band. For one thing, scientists aren’t used to working with such tiny quantities of fluid, and people aren’t always sweating. “Many applications will be outside athletics, where wearable bands or patches will have to locally stimulate sweat,” says [wearable technology researcher Jason] Heikenfeld. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in the article, Javey cautions that sweat sensors are not as accurate as blood tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for now, don't sweat the results. But maybe soon ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Jan. 28\u003c/strong> And yet \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/28/walgreens-suspends-theranos-service-at-palo-alto/\" target=\"_blank\">more bad news\u003c/a> for Theranos -- from its biggest public supporter, Walgreens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Jan. 27\u003c/strong> The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has given Theranos 10 days to correct deficiences at its Newark lab. A government inspection of the lab found problems that “pose immediate jeopardy to patient health and safety,” CMS said. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/27/government-says-theranos-lab-problems-pose-immediate-jeopardy-to-patients/\" target=\"_blank\">See the story here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much do Theranos employees \u003cem>not\u003c/em> look forward to the morning delivery of The Wall Street Journal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, the paper \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/problems-found-at-theranos-lab-1453684743?utm_content=buffer2ea86&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\">published another damaging report\u003c/a> documenting the blood-testing company's swift fall from grace. Citing \"people familiar with the matter,\" the Journal said an inspection of Theranos' lab in Newark, Calif. by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services turned up \"serious deficiencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Theranos is found to be out of compliance with CMS standards, then it could potentially be decertified and barred from Medicare and Medicaid. Decertifications are rare, and providers are usually given the right to correct deficiencies.The paper said the inspection findings were \"about to be made public.\" A spokesperson for CMS told KQED in an email the agency could not say when the report will be released. Theranos did not respond to a request for comment but told the Journal it had not yet seen the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Journal story is reporter John Carreyrou's latest bubble-deflating piece on Palo Alto-based Theranos. The company, founded in 2003 by 19-year-old Elizabeth Holmes, was once the epitome of a \"disruptive\" high-flying health care startup, introducing diagnostic tests that required only a pinprick's worth of blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the private firm was valued at $9 billion, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2015/07/15/giving-theranos-a-few-tests/#5e2e7b1c1721\" target=\"_blank\">Fortune called\u003c/a> Holmes the \"world's youngest female billionaire\" (she'll be 32 next week).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the past several months, the story of Theranos has taken an unpleasant turn. Last October, the FDA said Theranos vials (\"nanotainers\"), which collect the blood from patients' fingers, had been improperly listed by the company as exempt from FDA review and approval. The FDA also said Theranos had inadequate procedures for reviewing complaints — including those suggesting the devices may be faulty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, The Wall Street Journal reported Theranos was having \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\"> a lot of problems\u003c/a> with its breakthrough technology:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>One former senior employee says Theranos was routinely using the device, named Edison after the prolific inventor, for only 15 tests in December 2014. Some employees were leery about the machine’s accuracy, according to the former employees and emails reviewed by The Wall Street Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a complaint to regulators, one Theranos employee accused the company of failing to report test results that raised questions about the precision of the Edison system. Such a failure could be a violation of federal rules for laboratories, the former employee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos also hasn’t disclosed publicly that it does the vast majority of its tests with traditional machines bought from companies like Siemens AG.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Theranos stopped using Edison for \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-16/theranos-limits-new-blood-technology-to-one-in-200-tests\" target=\"_blank\">all but one\u003c/a> of the 200 tests it \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/test-menu\" target=\"_blank\">lists\u003c/a>. In late December, the Journal published another \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/at-theranos-many-strategies-and-snags-1451259629\" target=\"_blank\">article\u003c/a> with more revelations, including an alleged incident in which managers at the company deleted data from a quality control test to make Edison's results appear more accurate than they really were, sending the faulty results to the patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Theranos told the Journal the company did not believe the incident occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walgreens, meanwhile, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/10/24/walgreens-halts-expansion-its-theranos-centers/74537868/\" target=\"_blank\">put on hold plans to expand\u003c/a> the Theranos stations it hosts in dozens of stores in three states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Journal has published its reports, Theranos has issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/press-releases\" target=\"_blank\">string of responses \u003c/a>denouncing the accuracy of the stories. The latest statement is from Dec. 21, in the form of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/wall-street-journal-letter-to-the-editor\" target=\"_blank\">letter to the Journal's editor\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Journal has relied almost entirely on anonymous sources – without disclosing those sources’ qualifications, biases, affiliations, motives, or even how recently they were employed. Theranos has not only made its top scientists and engineers available to the Journal, but has provided exhaustive information and on-the-record statements to address every allegation raised by the Journal. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By continually relying on mostly anonymous sources, while dismissing concrete facts, documents, and expert scientists and engineers in the field provided by Theranos, the Journal denies its readers the ability to scrutinize and weigh the sources’ identities, motives, and the veracity of their statements.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But last October, Christina Farr, reporting for Future of You,\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/10/15/critics-demand-theranos-lift-veil-of-secrecy-on-blood-test/\" target=\"_blank\"> wrote frankly\u003c/a> about the skepticism surrounding Theranos beyond that of The Wall Street Journal's:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(S)ome scientists and health writers saw past the hype months ago. They took to their personal blogs and social media to ask some pertinent questions about the science behind Theranos’ test, which largely went unanswered. Some requested that Theranos publish peer-reviewed studies to prove the validity of its test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At health conferences and gatherings, I’ve heard similar skepticism about Theranos’ science and its multi-billion dollar valuation, as well as increasing calls for proof to back up its claims. Theranos has sought FDA approval for its tests, but it \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/science-of-elizabeth-holmes-theranos-2015-4\" target=\"_blank\">has evaded questions about its technology. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Dr. David Koch, president of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry and a professor at Emory University \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/science-of-elizabeth-holmes-theranos-2015-4\" target=\"_blank\">told Business Insider in April\u003c/a>: “It’s impossible to comment on how good this is going to be — it may be wonderful and it may bomb, but I really can’t be more definitive because there’s nothing to really look at, to read, to react to.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More, we're quite sure, to come...\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Jan. 28\u003c/strong> And yet \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/28/walgreens-suspends-theranos-service-at-palo-alto/\" target=\"_blank\">more bad news\u003c/a> for Theranos -- from its biggest public supporter, Walgreens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update Jan. 27\u003c/strong> The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services has given Theranos 10 days to correct deficiences at its Newark lab. A government inspection of the lab found problems that “pose immediate jeopardy to patient health and safety,” CMS said. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/27/government-says-theranos-lab-problems-pose-immediate-jeopardy-to-patients/\" target=\"_blank\">See the story here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much do Theranos employees \u003cem>not\u003c/em> look forward to the morning delivery of The Wall Street Journal?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, the paper \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/problems-found-at-theranos-lab-1453684743?utm_content=buffer2ea86&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\">published another damaging report\u003c/a> documenting the blood-testing company's swift fall from grace. Citing \"people familiar with the matter,\" the Journal said an inspection of Theranos' lab in Newark, Calif. by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services turned up \"serious deficiencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Theranos is found to be out of compliance with CMS standards, then it could potentially be decertified and barred from Medicare and Medicaid. Decertifications are rare, and providers are usually given the right to correct deficiencies.The paper said the inspection findings were \"about to be made public.\" A spokesperson for CMS told KQED in an email the agency could not say when the report will be released. Theranos did not respond to a request for comment but told the Journal it had not yet seen the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Journal story is reporter John Carreyrou's latest bubble-deflating piece on Palo Alto-based Theranos. The company, founded in 2003 by 19-year-old Elizabeth Holmes, was once the epitome of a \"disruptive\" high-flying health care startup, introducing diagnostic tests that required only a pinprick's worth of blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the private firm was valued at $9 billion, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/matthewherper/2015/07/15/giving-theranos-a-few-tests/#5e2e7b1c1721\" target=\"_blank\">Fortune called\u003c/a> Holmes the \"world's youngest female billionaire\" (she'll be 32 next week).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the past several months, the story of Theranos has taken an unpleasant turn. Last October, the FDA said Theranos vials (\"nanotainers\"), which collect the blood from patients' fingers, had been improperly listed by the company as exempt from FDA review and approval. The FDA also said Theranos had inadequate procedures for reviewing complaints — including those suggesting the devices may be faulty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, The Wall Street Journal reported Theranos was having \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/theranos-has-struggled-with-blood-tests-1444881901\" target=\"_blank\"> a lot of problems\u003c/a> with its breakthrough technology:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>One former senior employee says Theranos was routinely using the device, named Edison after the prolific inventor, for only 15 tests in December 2014. Some employees were leery about the machine’s accuracy, according to the former employees and emails reviewed by The Wall Street Journal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a complaint to regulators, one Theranos employee accused the company of failing to report test results that raised questions about the precision of the Edison system. Such a failure could be a violation of federal rules for laboratories, the former employee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos also hasn’t disclosed publicly that it does the vast majority of its tests with traditional machines bought from companies like Siemens AG.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Theranos stopped using Edison for \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-10-16/theranos-limits-new-blood-technology-to-one-in-200-tests\" target=\"_blank\">all but one\u003c/a> of the 200 tests it \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/test-menu\" target=\"_blank\">lists\u003c/a>. In late December, the Journal published another \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/at-theranos-many-strategies-and-snags-1451259629\" target=\"_blank\">article\u003c/a> with more revelations, including an alleged incident in which managers at the company deleted data from a quality control test to make Edison's results appear more accurate than they really were, sending the faulty results to the patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Theranos told the Journal the company did not believe the incident occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walgreens, meanwhile, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2015/10/24/walgreens-halts-expansion-its-theranos-centers/74537868/\" target=\"_blank\">put on hold plans to expand\u003c/a> the Theranos stations it hosts in dozens of stores in three states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Journal has published its reports, Theranos has issued a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/press-releases\" target=\"_blank\">string of responses \u003c/a>denouncing the accuracy of the stories. The latest statement is from Dec. 21, in the form of a \u003ca href=\"https://www.theranos.com/news/posts/wall-street-journal-letter-to-the-editor\" target=\"_blank\">letter to the Journal's editor\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Journal has relied almost entirely on anonymous sources – without disclosing those sources’ qualifications, biases, affiliations, motives, or even how recently they were employed. Theranos has not only made its top scientists and engineers available to the Journal, but has provided exhaustive information and on-the-record statements to address every allegation raised by the Journal. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By continually relying on mostly anonymous sources, while dismissing concrete facts, documents, and expert scientists and engineers in the field provided by Theranos, the Journal denies its readers the ability to scrutinize and weigh the sources’ identities, motives, and the veracity of their statements.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But last October, Christina Farr, reporting for Future of You,\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/10/15/critics-demand-theranos-lift-veil-of-secrecy-on-blood-test/\" target=\"_blank\"> wrote frankly\u003c/a> about the skepticism surrounding Theranos beyond that of The Wall Street Journal's:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(S)ome scientists and health writers saw past the hype months ago. They took to their personal blogs and social media to ask some pertinent questions about the science behind Theranos’ test, which largely went unanswered. Some requested that Theranos publish peer-reviewed studies to prove the validity of its test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At health conferences and gatherings, I’ve heard similar skepticism about Theranos’ science and its multi-billion dollar valuation, as well as increasing calls for proof to back up its claims. Theranos has sought FDA approval for its tests, but it \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/science-of-elizabeth-holmes-theranos-2015-4\" target=\"_blank\">has evaded questions about its technology. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Dr. David Koch, president of the American Association for Clinical Chemistry and a professor at Emory University \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/science-of-elizabeth-holmes-theranos-2015-4\" target=\"_blank\">told Business Insider in April\u003c/a>: “It’s impossible to comment on how good this is going to be — it may be wonderful and it may bomb, but I really can’t be more definitive because there’s nothing to really look at, to read, to react to.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More, we're quite sure, to come...\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hackers aren’t just breaking into email accounts and online banking systems anymore. They’re also exploiting healthcare—going after \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-anthem-hack-fallout-20150206-story.html\">electronic medical records\u003c/a>, wifi enabled medical devices and even remotely controlled surgical robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical devices and records have emerged as big cyber security risks. That’s why the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a> recently proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm481968.htm\">new guidelines\u003c/a> for how medical device manufacturers should secure their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the FDA's recommendations, manufacturers are being asked to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Develop a risk management program that includes a plan for when a vulnerability is discovered.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Write disclosure policies, so hospitals and patients understand which aspects of a device may be less secure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Release regular software and hardware updates for medical devices after they’re on the market.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>[Scroll down to see three real life cyber security attacks] \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But security experts, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.schneier.com/\">Bruce Schneier\u003c/a>, say non-legally binding guidelines are just not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically industry best practice,\" says Schneier. \"But without enforcement, it's just pleading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics are concerned that the responsibility is still primarily left up to manufacturers to disclose when a device has been hacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Watchdog president Jamie Court says recommendations are not enough and we won't see new laws until public officials are affected. \"All its gonna take is one congressman’s defibrillator being hacked and we’ll have some new laws really quickly,\" according to Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2016/01/22/2016-01172/postmarket-management-of-cybersecurity-in-medical-devices-draft-guidance-for-industry-and-food-and\">taking public comments\u003c/a> on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM482022.pdf\">guidelines\u003c/a> until April 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on to see three real life situations the FDA guidance is designed to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Security Experts Hack a Surgical Robot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">Remote surgery—where a surgeon in one location controls a medical robot in another—is extremely useful in places that don't have trained medical experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these long distance operations, doctors often use a low-quality connection to the internet, or even wifi. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/05/07/uw-researchers-hack-a-teleoperated-surgical-robot-to-reveal-security-flaws/\">researchers at the University of Washington\u003c/a> proved they could hack into these public communication systems that control teleoperated robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They accessed the network that controlled the robot and disrupted the signals, making the robot’s movement jerky and difficult to control. And by moving the robotic arms too quickly or beyond a predetermined point they could get the robot to shut down completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this had occurred during an actual life-saving procedure the outcome could have been fatal. Fortunately the researchers also figured out ways to encrypt the device—the exact type of precaution the FDA encourages in its new draft guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hacker Proves He Can Kill a Patient Through a Drug Pump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103164\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">In 2013 cybersecurity expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/billyrios\">Billy Rios\u003c/a> remotely \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/03/millions-of-americans-use-medical-devices-that-are-vulnerable-to-hacking/\">hacked into a Hospira infusion pump\u003c/a>. The pump releases controlled amounts of a substance and can be used to administer insulin to a diabetic or chemotherapy drugs to a cancer patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're found in almost every hospital and usually sit next to a patient's bed. Hundreds of them can be monitored and controlled from a central station in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rios ordered the pump off of eBay for $100 and was able to figure out the device's pre-programmed password by reading its technical manuals. This information, in conjunction with knowledge about the device's software and what network it was operating on was enough to give him access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proved he could remotely administer a lethal dose of drugs through the Hospira pump. Luckily Rios is a benign or \"white hat hacker\" and turned over his findings to the Department of Homeland security. His report galvanized the FDA to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm456815.htm\">issue its first warning\u003c/a> about a medical device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hackers Demand Ransom for Medical Records\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_MediaRecords\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">When \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ucla-medical-data-20150717-story.html\">4.5 million UCLA medical records\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/anthem-hacked-database-included-78-8-million-people-1424807364\">78.8 million Anthem medical records \u003c/a>were hacked it made major headlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller healthcare organizations aren't immune and one incident, north of Chicago, resembled a bank heist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthgrades.com/group-directory/il-illinois/libertyville/surgeons-of-lake-county-llc-ooo8pmb\">Surgeons of Lake County\u003c/a>, a small medical practice in Illinois, \u003ca href=\"https://www.send2press.com/newswire/2012-07-0720-001.shtml\">fell victim to a digital data breach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hackers accessed the practice's server where e-mails and more than 7,000 electronic medical records were stored. The hackers then encrypted the files and demanded a ransom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors refused to comply and alerted local authorities. They also offered free credit monitoring services to patients following the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical practice would not discuss the investigation. But the practice issued a press release to alert the public and the Department of Health and Human Services included the hack on its website, which lists \u003ca href=\"https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/breach/breach_report.jsf\">breaches affecting 500 or more individuals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news—the FDA says it hasn't received any reports of fatal cybersecurity breaches, which hospitals and device makers are required to report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hackers aren’t just breaking into email accounts and online banking systems anymore. They’re also exploiting healthcare—going after \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-anthem-hack-fallout-20150206-story.html\">electronic medical records\u003c/a>, wifi enabled medical devices and even remotely controlled surgical robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical devices and records have emerged as big cyber security risks. That’s why the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/\">Food and Drug Administration\u003c/a> recently proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/Newsroom/PressAnnouncements/ucm481968.htm\">new guidelines\u003c/a> for how medical device manufacturers should secure their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the FDA's recommendations, manufacturers are being asked to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Develop a risk management program that includes a plan for when a vulnerability is discovered.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Write disclosure policies, so hospitals and patients understand which aspects of a device may be less secure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Release regular software and hardware updates for medical devices after they’re on the market.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>[Scroll down to see three real life cyber security attacks] \u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But security experts, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.schneier.com/\">Bruce Schneier\u003c/a>, say non-legally binding guidelines are just not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically industry best practice,\" says Schneier. \"But without enforcement, it's just pleading.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics are concerned that the responsibility is still primarily left up to manufacturers to disclose when a device has been hacked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer Watchdog president Jamie Court says recommendations are not enough and we won't see new laws until public officials are affected. \"All its gonna take is one congressman’s defibrillator being hacked and we’ll have some new laws really quickly,\" according to Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA is \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/articles/2016/01/22/2016-01172/postmarket-management-of-cybersecurity-in-medical-devices-draft-guidance-for-industry-and-food-and\">taking public comments\u003c/a> on its \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/MedicalDevices/DeviceRegulationandGuidance/GuidanceDocuments/UCM482022.pdf\">guidelines\u003c/a> until April 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on to see three real life situations the FDA guidance is designed to prevent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Security Experts Hack a Surgical Robot\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_SurgicalRobot-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">Remote surgery—where a surgeon in one location controls a medical robot in another—is extremely useful in places that don't have trained medical experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For these long distance operations, doctors often use a low-quality connection to the internet, or even wifi. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.washington.edu/news/2015/05/07/uw-researchers-hack-a-teleoperated-surgical-robot-to-reveal-security-flaws/\">researchers at the University of Washington\u003c/a> proved they could hack into these public communication systems that control teleoperated robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They accessed the network that controlled the robot and disrupted the signals, making the robot’s movement jerky and difficult to control. And by moving the robotic arms too quickly or beyond a predetermined point they could get the robot to shut down completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this had occurred during an actual life-saving procedure the outcome could have been fatal. Fortunately the researchers also figured out ways to encrypt the device—the exact type of precaution the FDA encourages in its new draft guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hacker Proves He Can Kill a Patient Through a Drug Pump\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103164\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_InfusionPump_160125-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">In 2013 cybersecurity expert \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/billyrios\">Billy Rios\u003c/a> remotely \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/08/03/millions-of-americans-use-medical-devices-that-are-vulnerable-to-hacking/\">hacked into a Hospira infusion pump\u003c/a>. The pump releases controlled amounts of a substance and can be used to administer insulin to a diabetic or chemotherapy drugs to a cancer patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're found in almost every hospital and usually sit next to a patient's bed. Hundreds of them can be monitored and controlled from a central station in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rios ordered the pump off of eBay for $100 and was able to figure out the device's pre-programmed password by reading its technical manuals. This information, in conjunction with knowledge about the device's software and what network it was operating on was enough to give him access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He then proved he could remotely administer a lethal dose of drugs through the Hospira pump. Luckily Rios is a benign or \"white hat hacker\" and turned over his findings to the Department of Homeland security. His report galvanized the FDA to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm456815.htm\">issue its first warning\u003c/a> about a medical device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hackers Demand Ransom for Medical Records\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-103165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords.jpg\" alt=\"FDA_Icon_MediaRecords\" width=\"142\" height=\"142\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords.jpg 142w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2016/01/FDA_Icon_MediaRecords-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 142px) 100vw, 142px\">When \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-ucla-medical-data-20150717-story.html\">4.5 million UCLA medical records\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/anthem-hacked-database-included-78-8-million-people-1424807364\">78.8 million Anthem medical records \u003c/a>were hacked it made major headlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller healthcare organizations aren't immune and one incident, north of Chicago, resembled a bank heist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthgrades.com/group-directory/il-illinois/libertyville/surgeons-of-lake-county-llc-ooo8pmb\">Surgeons of Lake County\u003c/a>, a small medical practice in Illinois, \u003ca href=\"https://www.send2press.com/newswire/2012-07-0720-001.shtml\">fell victim to a digital data breach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hackers accessed the practice's server where e-mails and more than 7,000 electronic medical records were stored. The hackers then encrypted the files and demanded a ransom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors refused to comply and alerted local authorities. They also offered free credit monitoring services to patients following the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical practice would not discuss the investigation. But the practice issued a press release to alert the public and the Department of Health and Human Services included the hack on its website, which lists \u003ca href=\"https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/breach/breach_report.jsf\">breaches affecting 500 or more individuals\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news—the FDA says it hasn't received any reports of fatal cybersecurity breaches, which hospitals and device makers are required to report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//players.brightcove.net/245991542/344c319b-6d23-4cbc-975e-c8530534af8a_default/index.html?videoId=4714066937001\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time for another \"science-is-awesome-yet-freaks-me-out\" moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this may not surprise anyone who has recently been following politics, apparently we are now in the era of the mini-brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courtesy of the Boston Globe's Stat, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://www.statnews.com/2016/01/21/mini-brains-science-happens/\" target=\"_blank\">video\u003c/a> about Tufts University researchers who have concocted a way to create a tiny brain using mice neurons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists \"have perfected a recipe for growing millions of neurons inside a scaffolding of pure silk,\" Stat says. \"The neurons, drawn from mice, join together and send signals to each other, like real brains do. And they can survive in these brain-like webs for months.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brains are about a centimeter long, and the webs that hold them are shaped into a doughnut-shaped cocoon made of silk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It must be cool when someone asks, \"So what do you do?\" you can answer, \"I grow brains.\" But the real reason behind the project: a better understanding of how the human brain works. Currently, researchers are studying how the mini-brains respond to drugs and concussion-like injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's just hope the famous \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/07/21/can-a-thousand-tiny-swarming-robots-outsmart-nature/\" target=\"_blank\">tiny swarming robots\u003c/a> do not get a hold of these, lest we give up our role as the pre-eminent species on planet earth.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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