window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"futureofyou_425263": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_425263",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "425263",
"found": true
},
"parent": 425262,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-520x200.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 200
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-160x62.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 62
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-960x370.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 370
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-375x144.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 144
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM.png",
"width": 2000,
"height": 770
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-1020x393.png",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 393
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-1180x454.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 454
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-800x308.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 308
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-1920x739.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 739
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-1180x454.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 454
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-1920x739.png",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 739
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-768x296.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 296
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Screen-Shot-2017-07-13-at-9.49.43-AM-240x92.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 92
}
},
"publishDate": 1499964647,
"modified": 1499964810,
"caption": "Scientists can now turn bacteria into living hard drives. The first video stored in and retrieved from the DNA of living cells was based on \"Sallie Gardner at a Gallop\" -- one of the very first moving pictures.",
"description": null,
"title": "Screen Shot 2017-07-13 at 9.49.43 AM",
"credit": "STAT",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_427912": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_427912",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "427912",
"found": true
},
"parent": 420143,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-520x381.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 381
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-160x117.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 117
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-960x704.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 704
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-375x275.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 275
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-e1500404847433.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1408
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-1020x748.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 748
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-1180x866.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 866
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-800x587.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 587
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-1920x1408.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1408
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-1180x866.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 866
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-1920x1408.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1408
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-768x563.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 563
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Chen-240x176.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 176
}
},
"publishDate": 1500404819,
"modified": 1500404884,
"caption": "Dr. Albert Chan demonstrates inputting medical information into an electronic health record. Many doctors are fed up with how time-consuming EHRs have become, and how they can impede the doctor-patient relationship during exams.",
"description": null,
"title": "Chen",
"credit": "Serginhoo Roosblad/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_427394": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_427394",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "427394",
"found": true
},
"parent": 427393,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1125
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/dementia-hands-1_wide-f511f9ff499aa7ebc90901562375925c238df2b7-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1500315777,
"modified": 1500315777,
"caption": null,
"description": "New research finds that African-Americans who grow up in harsh environments and endure stressful experiences are much more likely to develop Alzheimer's or some other form of dementia.",
"title": "New research finds that African-Americans who grow up in harsh environments and endure stressful experiences are much more likely to develop Alzheimer's or some other form of dementia.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_425268": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_425268",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "425268",
"found": true
},
"parent": 425267,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31.jpg",
"width": 1552,
"height": 873
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/nc-product-1_wide-3a571e4878c729f94a5c1ff0489603f5a8461d31-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1499965640,
"modified": 1499965679,
"caption": null,
"description": "The Natural Cycles app was designed by a particle physicist and launched in 2014. It's now been certified as a method of birth control in the E.U.",
"title": "The Natural Cycles app was designed by a particle physicist and launched in 2014. It's now been certified as a method of birth control in the E.U.",
"credit": "Natural Cycles",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_424272": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_424272",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "424272",
"found": true
},
"parent": 418097,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-e1499816256643.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1440
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-1020x765.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-1180x885.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-1920x1440.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto2-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1499816225,
"modified": 1499871796,
"caption": "Dwight Sayer, National Federation of the Blind Veteran president, posing with Aira glasses at the NFB convention, July, 2016.",
"description": null,
"title": "AiraPhoto2",
"credit": "Courtesy of Aira",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_411009": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_411009",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "411009",
"found": true
},
"parent": 411008,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-520x390.jpe",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-1038x576.jpe",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-160x120.jpe",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-960x720.jpe",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-672x372.jpe",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-375x281.jpe",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-e1499796190890.jpe",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1440
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-1020x765.jpe",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 765
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-1180x885.jpe",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-50x50.jpe",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-96x96.jpe",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-800x600.jpe",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-64x64.jpe",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-32x32.jpe",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-1920x1440.jpe",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-1180x885.jpe",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 885
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-1920x1440.jpe",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1440
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-150x150.jpe",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-768x576.jpe",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-128x128.jpe",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/drone-aed-beb044916a86b919c522d904e086f074ac73575b-240x180.jpe",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1497629961,
"modified": 1499796206,
"caption": "Drones carrying automated external defibrillators got to the sites of previous cardiac arrest cases faster than ambulances had, according to test runs conducted by Swedish researchers.",
"description": "Drones carrying automated external defibrillators got to the sites of previous cardiac arrest cases faster than ambulances had, according to test runs conducted by Swedish researchers.",
"title": "Drones carrying automated external defibrillators got to the sites of previous cardiac arrest cases faster than ambulances had, according to test runs conducted by Swedish researchers.",
"credit": "Andreas Claesson/Courtesy of FlyPulse",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_421366": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_421366",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "421366",
"found": true
},
"parent": 421301,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-520x267.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-160x82.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 82
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-960x494.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 494
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-375x193.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 193
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-e1499386732403.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 988
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-1020x525.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 525
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-1180x607.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 607
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-800x411.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 411
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-1920x988.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 988
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-1180x607.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 607
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-1920x988.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 988
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-768x395.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 395
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/iStock-473350800-1-240x123.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 123
}
},
"publishDate": 1499386676,
"modified": 1499386718,
"caption": "Marathoners running a race.",
"description": null,
"title": "Marathon running race, people feet on city road",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_411015": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_411015",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "411015",
"found": true
},
"parent": 411014,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-520x345.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 345
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-960x637.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 637
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-375x249.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1327
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-1020x677.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 677
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-1180x783.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 783
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-800x531.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 531
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-1920x1274.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1274
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-1180x783.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 783
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-1920x1274.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1274
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-768x510.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 510
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/split-brain-1_enl-baeb8d472121e0fb838230655e67e011350a2d32-240x159.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 159
}
},
"publishDate": 1497630026,
"modified": 1498871585,
"caption": null,
"description": "Surgery that severed the connection between brain hemispheres reveals that those halves see the world in vastly different ways.",
"title": "Surgery that severed the connection between brain hemispheres reveals that those halves see the world in vastly different ways.",
"credit": "Angie Wang for NPR",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_411006": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_411006",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "411006",
"found": true
},
"parent": 411005,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-520x390.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 390
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-160x120.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 120
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-960x720.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-375x281.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 281
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1501
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-1020x766.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 766
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-1180x886.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 886
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-800x600.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 600
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-1920x1441.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1441
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-1180x886.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 886
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-1920x1441.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1441
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-768x576.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/neurons-1-b8bf0f2c7182e116ef8659716e4170543ebc0944-240x180.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 180
}
},
"publishDate": 1497629901,
"modified": 1498871025,
"caption": "When the neurons that release the neurotransmitter dopamine die, people develop Parkinson's disease.",
"description": null,
"title": "When the neurons that release the neurotransmitter dopamine die, people develop Parkinson's disease.",
"credit": "Roger J. Bick &/Brian J. Poindexter / UT-Houston/Science Source",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_418200": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_418200",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "418200",
"found": true
},
"parent": 417546,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-160x147.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 147
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-512x372.png",
"width": 512,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-375x345.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 345
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks.png",
"width": 512,
"height": 471
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/fireworks-240x221.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 221
}
},
"publishDate": 1498870250,
"modified": 1498870542,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fireworks",
"credit": "Screenshot from video on NIH blog",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_415174": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_415174",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "415174",
"found": true
},
"parent": 415148,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-520x505.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 505
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-160x155.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 155
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-960x932.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 932
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-375x364.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 364
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1.jpg",
"width": 1981,
"height": 1923
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1020x990.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 990
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1180x1145.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1145
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-800x777.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 777
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1920x1864.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1864
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1180x1145.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1145
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-1920x1864.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1864
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-768x746.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 746
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/iStock-623601424-1-240x233.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 233
}
},
"publishDate": 1498249193,
"modified": 1498613101,
"caption": "You needn't be controlled by your emotions, says Lisa Feldman Barrett, a distinguished professor of psychology at Northeastern University. Cultivating new experiences of emotional situations can seed your brain to have more control in the future.",
"description": null,
"title": "iStock-623601424-1",
"credit": "iStock",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"futureofyou_411134": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "futureofyou_411134",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "411134",
"found": true
},
"parent": 410493,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-520x460.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 460
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-160x141.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 141
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-960x848.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 848
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-375x331.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 331
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-e1497644891988.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1697
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-1020x901.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 901
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-1180x1043.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1043
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-800x707.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 707
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-1920x1697.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1697
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-1180x1043.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1043
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-1920x1697.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1697
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-768x679.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 679
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yangandfilo-240x212.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 212
}
},
"publishDate": 1497644860,
"modified": 1497645171,
"caption": "Yahoo! co-founders Jerry Yang and David Filo, seen here in 2007, were the original web 'surfers,' creating 'Jerry and David's Guide to the World Wide Web in 1994. That list of websites eventually grew to become Yahoo!",
"description": "Yahoo! Inc. co-founders Jerry Yang (L) and David Filo celebrate the launch of the new Yahoo! Mail on August 27, 2007 in Sunnyvale, California. ",
"title": "Yahoo Announces Yahoo Maili",
"credit": "Court Mast/Yahoo via Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_futureofyou_425262": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_425262",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_425262",
"name": "Hyacinth Empinado\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_420143": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_420143",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_420143",
"name": "David Gorn\u003cbr />Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_427393": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_427393",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_427393",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_425267": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_425267",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_425267",
"name": "Lauren Silverman\u003c/br>NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_418097": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_418097",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_418097",
"name": "Kara Platoni\u003cbr />Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_411008": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_411008",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_411008",
"name": "Courtney Columbus\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_411014": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_411014",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_411014",
"name": "Kerin Higa\u003cbr />All Things Considered",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_futureofyou_411005": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_futureofyou_411005",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_futureofyou_411005",
"name": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"isLoading": false
},
"jbrooks": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "80",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"name": "Jon Brooks",
"firstName": "Jon",
"lastName": "Brooks",
"slug": "jbrooks",
"email": "jbrooks@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"science"
],
"title": "Digital Editor",
"bio": "Jon Brooks is a former Digital Editor for KQED Science. He is the former editor of KQED’s daily news blog, News Fix. In 2014, he won a California Journalism Award for his coverage of ride services like Uber and Lyft and the taxi industry. A veteran blogger, he previously worked for Yahoo! in various news writing and editing roles. Jon is also a playwright whose work has been produced in San Francisco, New York, Italy, and around the U.S. He has written about film for his own blog and studied film at Boston University.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "jbrooksfoy",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"Contributor",
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "mindshift",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Jon Brooks | KQED",
"description": "Digital Editor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/98887f7ed1c876ed414d4c915e969584?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jbrooks"
},
"jscott": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "8664",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "8664",
"found": true
},
"name": "Julia Scott",
"firstName": "Julia",
"lastName": "Scott",
"slug": "jscott",
"email": "jscott@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Julia Scott is a former editor with KQED News. Prior to KQED, she was an editor with \u003cem>Crosscurrents\u003c/em> at KALW Radio in San Francisco. As a freelance reporter, she has filed stories for \u003cem>The California Report, Marketplace, Nautilus\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The New York Times Magazine.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\nPrior to her work in radio, Julia was an environmental reporter for the \u003cem>San Jose Mercury News\u003c/em> and Bay Area News Group, where her work was recognized with awards from the California Newspaper Publishers Association and the Society of Professional Journalists. Her radio honors include awards and citations from the Sony Radio Academy Awards and the National Lesbian and Gay Journalists Association.\r\n\r\nJulia hails from Montreal, Canada and lives in Oakland. She is the editor of the humor collection\u003cem> DRIVEL: Deliciously Bad Writing by Your Favorite Authors.\u003c/em>",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "juliascribe",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Julia Scott | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/7fe25e0cf81dec2d4f74f1d4737a2871?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/jscott"
},
"lesleymcclurg": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11229",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11229",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lesley McClurg",
"firstName": "Lesley",
"lastName": "McClurg",
"slug": "lesleymcclurg",
"email": "lmcclurg@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"bio": "Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host whose work is regularly rebroadcast on NPR and PBS programs. She’s earned multiple regional Emmy awards, a national and a regional Edward R. Murrow award, and was named Best Beat Reporter by the Association of Health Care Journalists. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her work several times, and the Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her coverage of California’s historic drought.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2016, Lesley covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, environmental issues for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for KUOW and KCTS 9 in Seattle. Away from the newsroom, she loves skiing with her daughter, mountain biking with her partner, and playing with Ollie, the family’s goldendoodle. On deadline, she runs almost entirely on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "lesleywmcclurg",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "forum",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lesley McClurg | KQED",
"description": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lesleymcclurg"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"futureofyou_category_future-of-you": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"score": 12.7954645
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "KQED Future Of You",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 34
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/futureofyou?category=future-of-you",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 34
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"futureofyou_425262": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_425262",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "425262",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1500408190000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1500408190,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Watch the First Movie Stored and Retrieved From DNA of Living Cells",
"title": "Watch the First Movie Stored and Retrieved From DNA of Living Cells",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"//content.jwplatform.com/players/Dg4gz7oc-jEuQjxp9.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forget iTunes or your old zipper case of DVDs. How about storing movies in a Petri dish of E. coli?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Harvard Medical School and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering have stored a short video in the DNA of bacteria and then retrieved it. It’s the first time a video has been recorded into living cells, and the development could have environmental applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“DNA is a great place to store information. Biology uses it quite effectively,” said Seth Shipman, a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School and first author of the study. “It’s compact, and it’s incredibly stable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shipman and his colleagues encoded Eadweard Muybridge’s “Sallie Gardner at a Gallop,” otherwise known as “The Horse in Motion,” one of the earliest series of moving images ever created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature23017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> was published in \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the DNA stored into the bacterial genome, researchers used the CRISPR-Cas system, a powerful gene-editing tool. The researchers chopped up each frame into single-colored pixels. They then created DNA codes that corresponded to each color and strung several codes together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each bacterium took in snippets of the video and stored it in their DNA. Taken together, the researchers were able to put the pieces back and play the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this work, Shipman said they eventually want to create “molecular recorders,” which are living cells that could sense things in the environment, like toxins or heavy metals, and record and store that information within their DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/07/12/crispr-bacteria-video-harvard-wyss/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "425262 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=425262",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/18/watch-the-first-movie-stored-and-retrieved-from-dna-of-living-cells/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 290,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1500509307,
"excerpt": "For the first time, a video has been recorded into living cells. The ability to store information in DNA could have environmental applications.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "For the first time, a video has been recorded into living cells. The ability to store information in DNA could have environmental applications.",
"title": "Watch the First Movie Stored and Retrieved From DNA of Living Cells | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Watch the First Movie Stored and Retrieved From DNA of Living Cells",
"datePublished": "2017-07-18T13:03:10-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-07-19T17:08:27-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "watch-the-first-movie-stored-and-retrieved-from-dna-of-living-cells",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Hyacinth Empinado\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/\">STAT\u003c/a>",
"path": "/futureofyou/425262/watch-the-first-movie-stored-and-retrieved-from-dna-of-living-cells",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"//content.jwplatform.com/players/Dg4gz7oc-jEuQjxp9.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forget iTunes or your old zipper case of DVDs. How about storing movies in a Petri dish of E. coli?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at Harvard Medical School and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering have stored a short video in the DNA of bacteria and then retrieved it. It’s the first time a video has been recorded into living cells, and the development could have environmental applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“DNA is a great place to store information. Biology uses it quite effectively,” said Seth Shipman, a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard Medical School and first author of the study. “It’s compact, and it’s incredibly stable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shipman and his colleagues encoded Eadweard Muybridge’s “Sallie Gardner at a Gallop,” otherwise known as “The Horse in Motion,” one of the earliest series of moving images ever created.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature23017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> was published in \u003cem>Nature\u003c/em> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get the DNA stored into the bacterial genome, researchers used the CRISPR-Cas system, a powerful gene-editing tool. The researchers chopped up each frame into single-colored pixels. They then created DNA codes that corresponded to each color and strung several codes together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each bacterium took in snippets of the video and stored it in their DNA. Taken together, the researchers were able to put the pieces back and play the video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this work, Shipman said they eventually want to create “molecular recorders,” which are living cells that could sense things in the environment, like toxins or heavy metals, and record and store that information within their DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/07/12/crispr-bacteria-video-harvard-wyss/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/425262/watch-the-first-movie-stored-and-retrieved-from-dna-of-living-cells",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_425262"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_94",
"futureofyou_80"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_425263",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_420143": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_420143",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "420143",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1500393631000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1500393631,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Doctors: Electronic Health Records Hurting Relationship With Patients",
"title": "Doctors: Electronic Health Records Hurting Relationship With Patients",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Dr. Lloyd Minor is frustrated. As dean of Stanford University Medical School, he says he can handle the constant cascade of large-scale challenges that come with his job. But what flummoxes him — drives him crazy, in fact — is something that occurs on a much smaller scale every time he examines someone in his clinical practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minor cannot get the electronic health record, which provides a medical history of each patient, to work the way he wants. So he spends too much time wrestling with the computer and not enough directly communicating with his patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There is nothing more frustrating to a patient than talking to their doctor, wanting advice, and that provider is typing away and looking at a computer screen instead of the patient.' \u003ccite>Stanford medical school Dean Lloyd Minor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing more frustrating to a patient than talking to their doctor, wanting advice, and that provider is typing away and looking at a computer screen instead of the patient,\" Minor says. \"That most fundamental aspect of human communication, which is eye contact, now is being robbed from the medical encounter because of the electronic health record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says EHRs now function primarily as documentation for billing and quality reporting rather than as an aid to doctors. Given their cumbersome nature, the EHR, long touted as a way to dramatically improve patient care, often does just the opposite, Minor believes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a provider, you’re thinking about what do I need to document, or how do I navigate the EHR system, not how do I assimilate this information to provide the best care advice to the patient,\" he says. \"You’re thinking about the mechanics of the documentation, rather than the implications of the symptoms and findings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Data Entry or Medicine?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many physicians are fed up with the amount of documentation required in EHRs. Many feel they spend more time as data-entry clerks than as doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"iCL76xAqQztIVtwiKb3Jdka9M3FawwGC\"]Studies bear that out. Only 27 percent of a doctor’s time is spent with patients — and nearly half is spent on EHR and desk work, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/aim/article/2546704/allocation-physician-time-ambulatory-practice-time-motion-study-4-specialties\">2016 study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em>. The study looked at physicians in family practice, internal medicine, cardiology and orthopedics. A smaller\u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/4/655.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> study\u003c/a> published in April by \u003cem>Health Affairs, \u003c/em>focusing on primary care physicians, also found about a 50-50 split in direct patient care time versus desktop medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When doctors do spend time in the exam room with patients, they spent 37 percent of that time looking at the computer, the 2016 study estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just recording the patient's medical information that takes up time, according to Dr. Albert Chan, a family practice physician and the chief of digital patient experience for the Sutter Health Network. Doctors now need to report a series of quality measurements, provide proper insurance coding, and introduce more legalistic wording into the EHR to prevent lawsuits, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s so much required paperwork and documentation now that primary care physicians spend an estimated one to two hours every night after work finishing up their data entry on EHRs, the study in \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em> found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the business, that’s called \"pajama time.\" In the real world, it's called one reason for burnout. Fifty-four \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(15)00716-8/abstract\">percent of physicians\u003c/a> reported at least one symptom of burnout, according to a recent Mayo Clinic study. A separate Mayo study found that a higher risk of burnout was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(16)30215-4/abstract\">linked\u003c/a> to frustrations with the data-entry workload of EHRs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Powerful Tool\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Affordable Care Act and the 2009 \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/special-topics/HITECH-act-enforcement-interim-final-rule/index.html\">HITECH Act\u003c/a> required electronic health records to be incorporated into medical practices, Dr. Chan says, many medical groups and physicians rushed to install EHR systems. That means the search function may not work well, or the system may require multiple keystrokes and screens to accomplish common tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Eric Helsher, vice president of client success at Epic, one of the leading EHR providers, responded that customer feedback \"drives our continuous development, with the aim of making the software a joy to use, helping them get value from their data, and facilitating collaboration across the Epic community.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I remember back in the old days of paper medical records … not being able to find a patient’s chart was just maddening. We don’t have that anymore.'\u003ccite>Dr. Albert Chan\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But, Chan says, as flawed as the EHR is, it would be wise not to throw the baby out with the bathwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to note that the EHR is an incredibly powerful tool,” he says. “There are tremendous things you can do with the EHR. You can automatically alert patients about their conditions, for example; you can personalize their care. The lesson I’ve learned is that the EHR requires work to make it work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan says he would never want to go back to the paper-only era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember back in the old days of paper medical records ... not being able to find a patient’s chart was just maddening. We don’t have that anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Interoperability Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current design problems can be corrected over time by EHR system vendors, Chan says, and he expects the furor over EHRs to dissipate as annoying and time-consuming glitches are altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big complaints doctors have had is the lack of interoperability between EHR systems, so that hospitals, medical groups, insurers and physicians can't easily share patient data with each other. In the San Francisco Bay Area, some sharing is now starting to occur among institutions like Sutter Health, Kaiser, UCSF and Stanford that all that use the EHR system Epic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re starting to see fruits of our labor to connect data,” Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may be a glass-half-full view, according to Will Ross, a project manager at Redwood MedNet, a nonprofit health information exchange based in Ukiah. Ross has been working on trying to improve the interoperability of EHRs for two decades, and says the progress has been plodding, to say the least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross says EHRs took a turn for the worse after Congress tried to get physicians to prove they were meaningfully using them in the HITECH Act of 2009. Those rules, which he calls arbitrary, made the whole process much more complex and time-consuming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #2b2b2b\">“That transformed all of this into busy work and nonsense,” Ross says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obvious solution is for vendors to improve their products, he says. But that’s easier proposed than accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the EHRs are cash cows to their owners,” Ross says. “They make their money on installing them, not changing them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the complex problems of interoperability and ease of use were magically solved today, physicians would still be overloaded by reporting requirements, Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Documentation is still there, so blaming the computer for what insurers and the government are requiring you to do is misplacing the blame.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large organizations such as Kaiser and Sutter Health have tackled some of the ease-of-use problems of the EHR, according to David Lansky, executive director of the Pacific Business Group on Health, a nonprofit consortium of private businesses and public agencies. That’s not so easy for smaller practices to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In big medical groups, the burden on the individual doctor using EHR is lower already, it’s easier,” Lansky says. “But small-group practices and individuals have the same administrative burden as the large-group practices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lansky’s organization is encouraging smaller groups to join provider contracting networks — niche companies that will help them track patients, install reminder systems, streamline quality reporting and connect with health information exchanges — so smaller practices are not trying to solve the problem themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He says the idea is to get doctors to use their skills and training properly. “We have this cult of the physician, and we pay a lot of money to train them,” Lansky says, “yet they’re being asked to do work others can do very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That rings true for Stanford medical school's Dean Minor. He’s sick of scrolling down page by page; sick of checking off a million little boxes. All the time spent on medical documentation cuts down on physician efficiency, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If doctors are working so many extra hours entering data, they’re likely to cut down on their patient load to make up for it. That means they make less money, and the quality of patient visits continues to decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It negatively impacts patient care, that’s the main thing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post had been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "420143 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=420143",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/18/hold-on-your-doctor-is-typing/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1527,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 39
},
"modified": 1500585788,
"excerpt": "Electronic health records were supposed to make life easier for physicians and help improve patient care. But clunky design and the mountain of new documentation requirements have contributed to doctor frustration and burnout.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Electronic health records were supposed to make life easier for physicians and help improve patient care. But clunky design and the mountain of new documentation requirements have contributed to doctor frustration and burnout.",
"title": "Doctors: Electronic Health Records Hurting Relationship With Patients | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Doctors: Electronic Health Records Hurting Relationship With Patients",
"datePublished": "2017-07-18T09:00:31-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-07-20T14:23:08-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "hold-on-your-doctor-is-typing",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "David Gorn\u003cbr />Future of You",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/420143/hold-on-your-doctor-is-typing",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Dr. Lloyd Minor is frustrated. As dean of Stanford University Medical School, he says he can handle the constant cascade of large-scale challenges that come with his job. But what flummoxes him — drives him crazy, in fact — is something that occurs on a much smaller scale every time he examines someone in his clinical practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minor cannot get the electronic health record, which provides a medical history of each patient, to work the way he wants. So he spends too much time wrestling with the computer and not enough directly communicating with his patient.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There is nothing more frustrating to a patient than talking to their doctor, wanting advice, and that provider is typing away and looking at a computer screen instead of the patient.' \u003ccite>Stanford medical school Dean Lloyd Minor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing more frustrating to a patient than talking to their doctor, wanting advice, and that provider is typing away and looking at a computer screen instead of the patient,\" Minor says. \"That most fundamental aspect of human communication, which is eye contact, now is being robbed from the medical encounter because of the electronic health record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says EHRs now function primarily as documentation for billing and quality reporting rather than as an aid to doctors. Given their cumbersome nature, the EHR, long touted as a way to dramatically improve patient care, often does just the opposite, Minor believes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a provider, you’re thinking about what do I need to document, or how do I navigate the EHR system, not how do I assimilate this information to provide the best care advice to the patient,\" he says. \"You’re thinking about the mechanics of the documentation, rather than the implications of the symptoms and findings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Data Entry or Medicine?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many physicians are fed up with the amount of documentation required in EHRs. Many feel they spend more time as data-entry clerks than as doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Studies bear that out. Only 27 percent of a doctor’s time is spent with patients — and nearly half is spent on EHR and desk work, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/aim/article/2546704/allocation-physician-time-ambulatory-practice-time-motion-study-4-specialties\">2016 study\u003c/a> published in \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em>. The study looked at physicians in family practice, internal medicine, cardiology and orthopedics. A smaller\u003ca href=\"http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/36/4/655.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> study\u003c/a> published in April by \u003cem>Health Affairs, \u003c/em>focusing on primary care physicians, also found about a 50-50 split in direct patient care time versus desktop medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When doctors do spend time in the exam room with patients, they spent 37 percent of that time looking at the computer, the 2016 study estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just recording the patient's medical information that takes up time, according to Dr. Albert Chan, a family practice physician and the chief of digital patient experience for the Sutter Health Network. Doctors now need to report a series of quality measurements, provide proper insurance coding, and introduce more legalistic wording into the EHR to prevent lawsuits, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s so much required paperwork and documentation now that primary care physicians spend an estimated one to two hours every night after work finishing up their data entry on EHRs, the study in \u003cem>Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/em> found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the business, that’s called \"pajama time.\" In the real world, it's called one reason for burnout. Fifty-four \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(15)00716-8/abstract\">percent of physicians\u003c/a> reported at least one symptom of burnout, according to a recent Mayo Clinic study. A separate Mayo study found that a higher risk of burnout was \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinicproceedings.org/article/S0025-6196(16)30215-4/abstract\">linked\u003c/a> to frustrations with the data-entry workload of EHRs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Powerful Tool\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Affordable Care Act and the 2009 \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/hipaa/for-professionals/special-topics/HITECH-act-enforcement-interim-final-rule/index.html\">HITECH Act\u003c/a> required electronic health records to be incorporated into medical practices, Dr. Chan says, many medical groups and physicians rushed to install EHR systems. That means the search function may not work well, or the system may require multiple keystrokes and screens to accomplish common tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Eric Helsher, vice president of client success at Epic, one of the leading EHR providers, responded that customer feedback \"drives our continuous development, with the aim of making the software a joy to use, helping them get value from their data, and facilitating collaboration across the Epic community.\")\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I remember back in the old days of paper medical records … not being able to find a patient’s chart was just maddening. We don’t have that anymore.'\u003ccite>Dr. Albert Chan\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But, Chan says, as flawed as the EHR is, it would be wise not to throw the baby out with the bathwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to note that the EHR is an incredibly powerful tool,” he says. “There are tremendous things you can do with the EHR. You can automatically alert patients about their conditions, for example; you can personalize their care. The lesson I’ve learned is that the EHR requires work to make it work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chan says he would never want to go back to the paper-only era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember back in the old days of paper medical records ... not being able to find a patient’s chart was just maddening. We don’t have that anymore.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Interoperability Problem\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current design problems can be corrected over time by EHR system vendors, Chan says, and he expects the furor over EHRs to dissipate as annoying and time-consuming glitches are altered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the big complaints doctors have had is the lack of interoperability between EHR systems, so that hospitals, medical groups, insurers and physicians can't easily share patient data with each other. In the San Francisco Bay Area, some sharing is now starting to occur among institutions like Sutter Health, Kaiser, UCSF and Stanford that all that use the EHR system Epic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re starting to see fruits of our labor to connect data,” Chan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that may be a glass-half-full view, according to Will Ross, a project manager at Redwood MedNet, a nonprofit health information exchange based in Ukiah. Ross has been working on trying to improve the interoperability of EHRs for two decades, and says the progress has been plodding, to say the least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ross says EHRs took a turn for the worse after Congress tried to get physicians to prove they were meaningfully using them in the HITECH Act of 2009. Those rules, which he calls arbitrary, made the whole process much more complex and time-consuming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #2b2b2b\">“That transformed all of this into busy work and nonsense,” Ross says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The obvious solution is for vendors to improve their products, he says. But that’s easier proposed than accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of the EHRs are cash cows to their owners,” Ross says. “They make their money on installing them, not changing them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if the complex problems of interoperability and ease of use were magically solved today, physicians would still be overloaded by reporting requirements, Ross says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Documentation is still there, so blaming the computer for what insurers and the government are requiring you to do is misplacing the blame.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large organizations such as Kaiser and Sutter Health have tackled some of the ease-of-use problems of the EHR, according to David Lansky, executive director of the Pacific Business Group on Health, a nonprofit consortium of private businesses and public agencies. That’s not so easy for smaller practices to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In big medical groups, the burden on the individual doctor using EHR is lower already, it’s easier,” Lansky says. “But small-group practices and individuals have the same administrative burden as the large-group practices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lansky’s organization is encouraging smaller groups to join provider contracting networks — niche companies that will help them track patients, install reminder systems, streamline quality reporting and connect with health information exchanges — so smaller practices are not trying to solve the problem themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">He says the idea is to get doctors to use their skills and training properly. “We have this cult of the physician, and we pay a lot of money to train them,” Lansky says, “yet they’re being asked to do work others can do very well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That rings true for Stanford medical school's Dean Minor. He’s sick of scrolling down page by page; sick of checking off a million little boxes. All the time spent on medical documentation cuts down on physician efficiency, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If doctors are working so many extra hours entering data, they’re likely to cut down on their patient load to make up for it. That means they make less money, and the quality of patient visits continues to decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It negatively impacts patient care, that’s the main thing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post had been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/420143/hold-on-your-doctor-is-typing",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_420143"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_190",
"futureofyou_794",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_177"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_427912",
"label": "source_futureofyou_420143"
},
"futureofyou_427393": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_427393",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "427393",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1500317549000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou",
"term": 54
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1500317549,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Hard Times May Contribute to High Dementia Rate in Blacks",
"title": "Hard Times May Contribute to High Dementia Rate in Blacks",
"headTitle": "Future of You | KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Harsh life experiences appear to leave African-Americans vulnerable to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.alz.org/aaic/2017_news_releases.asp\">reported\u003c/a> Sunday at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several teams presented evidence that poverty, disadvantage and stressful life events are strongly associated with cognitive problems in middle age and dementia later in life among African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings could help explain why African-Americans are twice as likely as white Americans to develop dementia. And the research suggests genetic factors are not a major contributor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The increased risk seems to be a matter of experience rather than ancestry,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://obgyn.wisc.edu/directory/detail.aspx?id=321\">Megan Zuelsdorff\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral fellow in the Health Disparities Research Scholars Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have struggled to understand why African-Americans are so likely to develop dementia. They are more likely to have conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, which can affect the brain. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4084964/\">previous research\u003c/a> has found some evidence that African-Americans are more likely to carry genes that raise the risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more recent studies suggest those explanations are incomplete, says \u003ca href=\"https://divisionofresearch.kaiserpermanente.org/researchers/whitmer-rachel\">Rachel Whitmer\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist with Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitmer has been involved in several studies that accounted for genetic and disease risks when comparing dementia in white and black Americans. \"And we still saw these [racial] differences,\" she says. \"So there is still something there that we are trying to get at.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research presented at the Alzheimer's conference suggests the missing factors involve adverse life experiences beginning in childhood. These experiences have already been \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(98)00017-8/abstract\">linked\u003c/a> to a range of diseases, including heart disease and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're starting to understand how early life stress and early life deprivation can increase your risk of a number of health outcomes in late life,\" Whitmer says. \"And the latest thing is understanding how and why that might affect the brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitmer was part of a team that presented results of a study of more than 6,000 Kaiser Permanente health plan members, most born in the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team wanted to know whether people who grew up in harsher conditions were more likely to develop dementia. So they looked at people who'd been born in states with high infant mortality rates — an indicator of social problems like poverty and limited access to medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White people's risk of dementia wasn't affected by their place of birth. But black people were 40 percent more likely to develop dementia if they'd been born in a state with high infant mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These people left the state and subsequently moved to northern California, yet there was still this very robust association between being born in a state with high infant mortality and increased risk of dementia,\" Whitmer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from the University of Wisconsin presented results of a study of the link between stressful life events and mental function in middle age. They studied more than 1,300 people in their 50s and 60s, including 82 African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stressful experiences included having a parent with a drinking problem, financial insecurity, legal issues, divorce, being fired from a job, and the death of a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans reported 60 percent more of these stressful events than white Americans. But that was only part of the difference, Zuelsdorff says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The impact of these stressful events was stronger in African-Americans than it was in non-Hispanic white participants,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers discovered this by administering tests that reveal the brain's speed and flexibility in doing certain tasks. These abilities normally decline with age. So the team looked for evidence that stressful events were accelerating this decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they found that in white participants, each stressful event added about a year and a half to normal brain aging. But in African-Americans, each event aged the brain an extra four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next challenge for researchers is to figure out precisely how adverse life experiences are changing the brain, Zuelsdorff says. That will mean looking at the effects of stress hormones and seeing whether stress leads to inflammation in the brain, something that has been associated with Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Stress+And+Poverty+May+Explain+High+Rates+Of+Dementia+In+African-Americans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "427393 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=427393",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/17/hard-times-may-contribute-to-high-dementia-rate-in-blacks/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 707,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1500317611,
"excerpt": "New research finds that African-Americans who grow up in harsh environments and have many stressful experiences are much more likely to develop Alzheimer's or some other form of dementia.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "New research finds that African-Americans who grow up in harsh environments and have many stressful experiences are much more likely to develop Alzheimer's or some other form of dementia.",
"title": "Hard Times May Contribute to High Dementia Rate in Blacks | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Hard Times May Contribute to High Dementia Rate in Blacks",
"datePublished": "2017-07-17T11:52:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-07-17T11:53:31-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "hard-times-may-contribute-to-high-dementia-rate-in-blacks",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=536935957&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Sun, 16 Jul 2017 02:05:17 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Sun, 16 Jul 2017 02:05:17 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/16/536935957/stress-and-poverty-may-explain-high-rates-of-dementia-in-african-americans?ft=nprml&f=536935957",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesun/2017/07/20170716_wesun_stress_and_poverty_may_explain_high_rates_of_dementia_in_african-americans.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=212&p=10&story=536935957&t=progseg&e=537508926&seg=5&ft=nprml&f=536935957",
"nprImageAgency": "Getty Images",
"nprImageCredit": "Leland Bobbe",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1537509513-0d1e5e.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=212&p=10&story=536935957&t=progseg&e=537508926&seg=5&ft=nprml&f=536935957",
"nprStoryId": "536935957",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Sun, 16 Jul 2017 08:03:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/427393/hard-times-may-contribute-to-high-dementia-rate-in-blacks",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesun/2017/07/20170716_wesun_stress_and_poverty_may_explain_high_rates_of_dementia_in_african-americans.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=212&p=10&story=536935957&t=progseg&e=537508926&seg=5&ft=nprml&f=536935957",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Harsh life experiences appear to leave African-Americans vulnerable to Alzheimer's and other forms of dementia, researchers \u003ca href=\"https://www.alz.org/aaic/2017_news_releases.asp\">reported\u003c/a> Sunday at the Alzheimer's Association International Conference in London.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several teams presented evidence that poverty, disadvantage and stressful life events are strongly associated with cognitive problems in middle age and dementia later in life among African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings could help explain why African-Americans are twice as likely as white Americans to develop dementia. And the research suggests genetic factors are not a major contributor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The increased risk seems to be a matter of experience rather than ancestry,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://obgyn.wisc.edu/directory/detail.aspx?id=321\">Megan Zuelsdorff\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral fellow in the Health Disparities Research Scholars Program at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have struggled to understand why African-Americans are so likely to develop dementia. They are more likely to have conditions like high blood pressure and diabetes, which can affect the brain. And \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4084964/\">previous research\u003c/a> has found some evidence that African-Americans are more likely to carry genes that raise the risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more recent studies suggest those explanations are incomplete, says \u003ca href=\"https://divisionofresearch.kaiserpermanente.org/researchers/whitmer-rachel\">Rachel Whitmer\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist with Kaiser Permanente's Division of Research in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitmer has been involved in several studies that accounted for genetic and disease risks when comparing dementia in white and black Americans. \"And we still saw these [racial] differences,\" she says. \"So there is still something there that we are trying to get at.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research presented at the Alzheimer's conference suggests the missing factors involve adverse life experiences beginning in childhood. These experiences have already been \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(98)00017-8/abstract\">linked\u003c/a> to a range of diseases, including heart disease and cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're starting to understand how early life stress and early life deprivation can increase your risk of a number of health outcomes in late life,\" Whitmer says. \"And the latest thing is understanding how and why that might affect the brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitmer was part of a team that presented results of a study of more than 6,000 Kaiser Permanente health plan members, most born in the 1920s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team wanted to know whether people who grew up in harsher conditions were more likely to develop dementia. So they looked at people who'd been born in states with high infant mortality rates — an indicator of social problems like poverty and limited access to medical care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White people's risk of dementia wasn't affected by their place of birth. But black people were 40 percent more likely to develop dementia if they'd been born in a state with high infant mortality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These people left the state and subsequently moved to northern California, yet there was still this very robust association between being born in a state with high infant mortality and increased risk of dementia,\" Whitmer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists from the University of Wisconsin presented results of a study of the link between stressful life events and mental function in middle age. They studied more than 1,300 people in their 50s and 60s, including 82 African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stressful experiences included having a parent with a drinking problem, financial insecurity, legal issues, divorce, being fired from a job, and the death of a child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans reported 60 percent more of these stressful events than white Americans. But that was only part of the difference, Zuelsdorff says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The impact of these stressful events was stronger in African-Americans than it was in non-Hispanic white participants,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers discovered this by administering tests that reveal the brain's speed and flexibility in doing certain tasks. These abilities normally decline with age. So the team looked for evidence that stressful events were accelerating this decline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they found that in white participants, each stressful event added about a year and a half to normal brain aging. But in African-Americans, each event aged the brain an extra four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next challenge for researchers is to figure out precisely how adverse life experiences are changing the brain, Zuelsdorff says. That will mean looking at the effects of stress hormones and seeing whether stress leads to inflammation in the brain, something that has been associated with Alzheimer's.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Stress+And+Poverty+May+Explain+High+Rates+Of+Dementia+In+African-Americans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/427393/hard-times-may-contribute-to-high-dementia-rate-in-blacks",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_427393"
],
"programs": [
"futureofyou_54"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_999",
"futureofyou_1023",
"futureofyou_756"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_427394",
"label": "futureofyou_54"
},
"futureofyou_425267": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_425267",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "425267",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1499966015000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1499966015,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Mobile App Designed To Prevent Pregnancy Gets EU Approval",
"title": "Mobile App Designed To Prevent Pregnancy Gets EU Approval",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>There are more than a dozen medically approved methods of birth control, including condoms, the pill and implants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now for the first time, a cell phone app has been certified as a method of birth control in the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its creator, Elina Berglund, is a particle physicist who was part of the team that won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013. Not long after she helped discover the elusive subatomic particle known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/03/14/174287416/god-particle-update-scientists-think-theyve-pinned-down-the-higgs-boson\">Higgs boson\u003c/a>, she left her job and went searching for answers to a different mystery: how to create an app to prevent pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"CjaHNCP2dC04tSaV8y80lOtAOpYNFXmy\"]Berglund had relied on a hormonal birth control implant for ten years, but she and her husband were thinking about having kids and wanted a natural way to avoid pregnancy. None of the existing apps met her standards, so the couple used math to create one. She says programming the app wasn't that different from particle physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead of looking for the Higgs particle, you're looking at women's temperatures and fertility data, which is a lot of fun,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berglund and her husband launched the app, Natural Cycles, in Sweden in 2014. It relies on a woman's recorded daily temperature — taken with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/basal-body-temperature/basics/definition/prc-20019978\">highly accurate thermometer\u003c/a> — and details about menstruation to determine fertility. On days where the risk of pregnancy is high, a red light indicates you should avoid intercourse or use protection to prevent pregnancy. A green light means the risk of pregnancy is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fertility tracking isn't a new idea. Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.columbiaobgyn.org/profile/paula-m-castano-md\">Paula Castaño\u003c/a>, an OB-GYN at Columbia University, says women have been charting their periods forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've just had to use initially \u003ca href=\"https://www.womenshealth.gov/files/assets/docs/charts-checklists-guides/basal-temperature-chart.pdf\">paper calendars\u003c/a>, and then calendars on our phones, and ultimately now specific apps that can help us do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castaño says, in general, menstrual cycle tracking apps are popular. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302592463_Evaluation_of_Smartphone_Menstrual_Cycle_Tracking_Applications_Using_an_Adapted_APPLICATIONS_Scoring_System\">more than a thousand\u003c/a> to choose from, and women download them for different reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be you just want to know when is my next period going to come, and is that going to coincide with my vacation, or can I use it to help avoid pregnancy or plan for a pregnancy,\" Castaño says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">It is the world's first to get approval by a European health agency as a contraceptive.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Natural Cycles app stands out because it is the world's first to get approval by a European health agency as a contraceptive. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/13625187.2016.1154143\">clinical study\u003c/a> of 4,000 women who used the app — along with a very sensitive thermometer called a basal body thermometer — the results were much better than traditional fertility-based awareness methods. Only seven out of 100 women got pregnant compared to about 24 out of 100 using the rhythm or calendar method.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still significantly less effective than other forms of birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could argue that the app may be comparable to someone who may not be taking the pill very consistently or accurately,\" says Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/18037/ellen-wilson.html\">Ellen Wilson\u003c/a>, an OB-GYN at the University of Texas Southwestern. \"But if you take the pill on a regular basis and don't miss any, I don't think you're going to have a natural family planning method that is going to compare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Used perfectly, the pill has an effectiveness rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.optionsforsexualhealth.org/birth-control-pregnancy/birth-control-options/effectiveness\">99.7 percent\u003c/a>; however, factoring in actual use, the effectiveness rate drops to 92 percent. That's compared to 93 percent for the Natural Cycles app. The effectiveness rate of long-acting birth control, like an intrauterine device (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/03/24/471573719/easy-to-use-iud-inserter-could-aid-women-who-lack-access-to-birth-control\">IUD\u003c/a>), is nearly 100 percent, and there's no need to avoid intercourse for days or even weeks of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Castaño points out some women want a natural alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So it's great for them to have something that they can use that's based on some sound medical evidence,\" she says. \"Very few apps even have that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural Cycles has more than 300,000 users. It costs about $10 dollars per month, although most users pay yearly at a lower rate that includes a basal body thermometer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no ads, and Berglund says personal data isn't shared with any third parties. So far, most of the women who have signed up live in Northern Europe, but Berglund has her eyes on the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the goal isn't to replace other forms of birth control, but to provide a more accurate, mathematical update to an ancient option.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "425267 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=425267",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/13/mobile-app-designed-to-prevent-pregnancy-gets-eu-approval/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 762,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 21
},
"modified": 1499966015,
"excerpt": "For the first time, a medically approved birth control app has been certified as a method of contraception. It relies on math, an algorithm and a woman's body temperature to determine fertility.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "For the first time, a medically approved birth control app has been certified as a method of contraception. It relies on math, an algorithm and a woman's body temperature to determine fertility.",
"title": "Mobile App Designed To Prevent Pregnancy Gets EU Approval | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Mobile App Designed To Prevent Pregnancy Gets EU Approval",
"datePublished": "2017-07-13T10:13:35-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-07-13T10:13:35-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "mobile-app-designed-to-prevent-pregnancy-gets-eu-approval",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=536974741&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Lauren Silverman\u003c/br>NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 13 Jul 2017 05:03:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 13 Jul 2017 11:31:05 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/07/13/536974741/mobile-app-designed-to-prevent-pregnancy-gets-e-u-approval?ft=nprml&f=536974741",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/07/20170713_me_a_birth_control_app_gets_certified.mp3?orgId=77&topicId=1128&d=232&p=3&story=536974741&t=progseg&e=536971200&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=536974741",
"nprImageAgency": "Courtesy of Natural Cycles",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1536974742-d2fbd5.m3u?orgId=77&topicId=1128&d=232&p=3&story=536974741&t=progseg&e=536971200&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=536974741",
"nprStoryId": "536974741",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 13 Jul 2017 11:31:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/425267/mobile-app-designed-to-prevent-pregnancy-gets-eu-approval",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2017/07/20170713_me_a_birth_control_app_gets_certified.mp3?orgId=77&topicId=1128&d=232&p=3&story=536974741&t=progseg&e=536971200&seg=7&ft=nprml&f=536974741",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are more than a dozen medically approved methods of birth control, including condoms, the pill and implants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now for the first time, a cell phone app has been certified as a method of birth control in the European Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its creator, Elina Berglund, is a particle physicist who was part of the team that won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2013. Not long after she helped discover the elusive subatomic particle known as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/03/14/174287416/god-particle-update-scientists-think-theyve-pinned-down-the-higgs-boson\">Higgs boson\u003c/a>, she left her job and went searching for answers to a different mystery: how to create an app to prevent pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Berglund had relied on a hormonal birth control implant for ten years, but she and her husband were thinking about having kids and wanted a natural way to avoid pregnancy. None of the existing apps met her standards, so the couple used math to create one. She says programming the app wasn't that different from particle physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Instead of looking for the Higgs particle, you're looking at women's temperatures and fertility data, which is a lot of fun,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berglund and her husband launched the app, Natural Cycles, in Sweden in 2014. It relies on a woman's recorded daily temperature — taken with a \u003ca href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/basal-body-temperature/basics/definition/prc-20019978\">highly accurate thermometer\u003c/a> — and details about menstruation to determine fertility. On days where the risk of pregnancy is high, a red light indicates you should avoid intercourse or use protection to prevent pregnancy. A green light means the risk of pregnancy is low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fertility tracking isn't a new idea. Dr. \u003ca href=\"https://www.columbiaobgyn.org/profile/paula-m-castano-md\">Paula Castaño\u003c/a>, an OB-GYN at Columbia University, says women have been charting their periods forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've just had to use initially \u003ca href=\"https://www.womenshealth.gov/files/assets/docs/charts-checklists-guides/basal-temperature-chart.pdf\">paper calendars\u003c/a>, and then calendars on our phones, and ultimately now specific apps that can help us do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castaño says, in general, menstrual cycle tracking apps are popular. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/publication/302592463_Evaluation_of_Smartphone_Menstrual_Cycle_Tracking_Applications_Using_an_Adapted_APPLICATIONS_Scoring_System\">more than a thousand\u003c/a> to choose from, and women download them for different reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could be you just want to know when is my next period going to come, and is that going to coincide with my vacation, or can I use it to help avoid pregnancy or plan for a pregnancy,\" Castaño says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">It is the world's first to get approval by a European health agency as a contraceptive.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Natural Cycles app stands out because it is the world's first to get approval by a European health agency as a contraceptive. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/13625187.2016.1154143\">clinical study\u003c/a> of 4,000 women who used the app — along with a very sensitive thermometer called a basal body thermometer — the results were much better than traditional fertility-based awareness methods. Only seven out of 100 women got pregnant compared to about 24 out of 100 using the rhythm or calendar method.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's still significantly less effective than other forms of birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could argue that the app may be comparable to someone who may not be taking the pill very consistently or accurately,\" says Dr. \u003ca href=\"http://profiles.utsouthwestern.edu/profile/18037/ellen-wilson.html\">Ellen Wilson\u003c/a>, an OB-GYN at the University of Texas Southwestern. \"But if you take the pill on a regular basis and don't miss any, I don't think you're going to have a natural family planning method that is going to compare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Used perfectly, the pill has an effectiveness rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.optionsforsexualhealth.org/birth-control-pregnancy/birth-control-options/effectiveness\">99.7 percent\u003c/a>; however, factoring in actual use, the effectiveness rate drops to 92 percent. That's compared to 93 percent for the Natural Cycles app. The effectiveness rate of long-acting birth control, like an intrauterine device (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2016/03/24/471573719/easy-to-use-iud-inserter-could-aid-women-who-lack-access-to-birth-control\">IUD\u003c/a>), is nearly 100 percent, and there's no need to avoid intercourse for days or even weeks of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Castaño points out some women want a natural alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So it's great for them to have something that they can use that's based on some sound medical evidence,\" she says. \"Very few apps even have that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural Cycles has more than 300,000 users. It costs about $10 dollars per month, although most users pay yearly at a lower rate that includes a basal body thermometer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no ads, and Berglund says personal data isn't shared with any third parties. So far, most of the women who have signed up live in Northern Europe, but Berglund has her eyes on the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the goal isn't to replace other forms of birth control, but to provide a more accurate, mathematical update to an ancient option.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/425267/mobile-app-designed-to-prevent-pregnancy-gets-eu-approval",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_425267"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_425268",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_418097": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_418097",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "418097",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1499877201000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1499877201,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Through Google Glass, Remote Helper Sees What Blind Person Can't",
"title": "Through Google Glass, Remote Helper Sees What Blind Person Can't",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>The first thing I do is put on Google Glass, its tiny camera situated over my right eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A MiFi — a personal wireless hotspot — goes into my pocket. I pop in earbuds connected to a smartphone. Then I close my eyes. I am trying to simulate, for this demonstration, what it's like to navigate without being able to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Finding a cafe, describing a museum exhibit, or helping someone fold origami -- a new service guides blind people by connecting them with live agents who view their surroundings through smartglasses like Google Glass.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All geared up, I am now ready for my test run. \u003ca href=\"https://aira.io/#service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aira\u003c/a>, based in San Diego, is a paid service that offers \"visual interpretation\" for the blind and visually impaired. With a smartphone app, Aira users connect with a remote agent who sees through any one of four types of smartglasses and describes the client's environment to her. Employees say the service, which became available in March, is like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/onstar/480471/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #24890d\">OnStar\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"m-6819587429447741435apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>for the blind — or maybe like having your own personal “\u003ca href=\"http://24.wikia.com/wiki/Chloe_O%27Brian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #24890d\">Chloe\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,” the intelligence analyst on the TV show \"24\" who often remotely assists hero Jack Bauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I summon \u003cem>my\u003c/em> Chloe using the Aira interface, which consists of a giant blue button. All I have to do is tap anywhere on the phone's display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thank you for calling Aira,” a friendly voice says. “How can I help you?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Andy Del Valle, my agent, and, for as long as I need him, my long-distance eyes. Del Valle — sitting in front of his laptop — can now see through my Google Glass feed. As I scan my surroundings, he sees Amy Bernal, the company’s vice president of customer experience, who has helped get me outfitted; then I lower my head so he can see the path before my feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to my GPS connection, Del Valle is also able to locate me using Google Maps. We’re on the campus of San Francisco State University, for me unfamiliar turf. I ask him to direct me to the nearest cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seconds, he's produced a route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, we’re approximating the Aira experience; I’m a sighted person with no orientation and mobility training, and I'm not using a dog or cane, as regular users do. I am, to put it gently, perhaps not the most graceful mover Del Valle has ever assisted. But he is cheerful as he offers me directions, like to turn left toward 11 o’clock. As I walk, he offers environmental cues, telling me to turn when I feel the slope of the sidewalk level out, or when I can feel the sun as I emerge from a nearby building’s shadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I quickly grow to trust his voice in my ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short walk, I hear music and a cash register — we’ve arrived at our destination. I want to order an iced coffee; Del Valle asks me to turn so he can scan a posted menu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_424306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 292px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto1-e1499819013990.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-424306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto1-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orientation and mobility specialist using Aira at the International Mobility Conference in 2016. (Courtesy Aira)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Taking picture,” an automated voice intones as Del Valle grabs a shot from the camera feed and zooms in. He also pulls up a more detailed menu online and gives me a rundown of options — espresso? Blended java drink? — and a headcount of how many people are in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Valle is among the 33 agents working that day, covering customers across the United States. The service runs from 4 a.m. to 10 p.m., Pacific time or 7 a.m.to 1 a.m. Eastern, and clients subscribe to a monthly plan or a package of minutes. (The monthly plans go from $89 to $329, depending on \u003ca href=\"https://aira.io/plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">level of service\u003c/a>.\u003cstrong>) \u003c/strong>Each user gets a personal profile that lists details like allergies, so an agent can warn someone allergic to shellfish, for example, that there’s shrimp salad on the potluck table. The company says it has \"hundreds\" of clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernal, the customer experience VP, is also an agent, and she's set up shop for the afternoon in the campus’ special education department. The calls she fields run from the mundane (a man looking for a trash can while cleaning up after his guide dog) to the complicated (a lost woman with bad directions from a passerby can't find her bus stop.) “You'll never know until you pick up the call,” Bernal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are hundreds of thousands of very clever and efficient solutions that don’t involve sight.'\u003ccite>Bryan Bashin, LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sometimes they get a strange one — Bernal recalls an agent being asked to help a user do origami, having to hastily grab some paper and fold along. But most are the stuff of ordinary life: setting up the cable box, checking the expiration date on the milk, matching a shirt and tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiffany Manosh, president of the River City Chapter of the National Federation of the Blind, in Sacramento, has been using Aira for about a year. She likes it for tasks that involve browsing, like shopping. Sure, she could ask a clerk for help, but “they go directly to whatever item we’ve asked for,” she says. “Well, what if I want to see maybe what’s on sale?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a natural history museum, she once had an agent describe the exhibits. A docent could have done that — if she’d booked one a month in advance. “Sighted people don’t have to do that, so why should we?” she asks. “Aira gives us the freedom to be able to really integrate and do things at our own time — when we want to, and where we want to go.” An agent even helped her find her father’s gravesite at Arlington National Cemetery. “It was a very emotional and just phenomenal feeling to be able to do it on my own time,” says Manosh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aira, based in San Diego, test-launched three years ago with 200 beta users. Among them was Victorville resident Michael Hingson, who has been blind since birth and recently became the company’s director of strategic sales. “Aira is not helping a blind person see,” Hingson says. “Aira is giving me information that the sighted world has not learned to provide to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, on emails or websites, those who are visually impaired might use a screen reader that speaks the text aloud. For printed materials, they might try a phone app like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.knfbreader.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KNFB Reader\u003c/a>, which translates text using optical character recognition. But those don’t cover everything. Hingson recalls trying to assemble a laundry cart and discovering the instructions were in pictures, which his reader couldn’t decipher. So he called Aira. The agent zoomed in on the cart’s bar code and found assembly instructions on the internet. In a half-hour, Hingson said, “I had a working laundry cart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aira agents are trained to give factual information without offering advice, deferring to the user’s orientation and mobility training. “What I don’t want is an agent telling me it’s safe to cross the street — because the agent doesn't \u003cem>know\u003c/em> it’s safe to cross the street,” says Hingson. “That should be my choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning to give the right information is a balancing act, says Bernal. “When agents first start, they feel like they have to say every little thing that is in any remote path of a user,” she says. But a person’s dog or cane will help them avoid obstacles. Instead, it might be more useful to offer social information, like where the empty seat in the room is, or whether the driver greeting you at the airport is smiling and waving you over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jxkq-Ta0tv4&ab_channel=KansasCityStarVideo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Free Services\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Bashin, CEO of the training and advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a>, in San Francisco, has tried Aira, and points out that while it’s the first such for-profit service, it’s not the first visual interpretation app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the iPhone debuted, he says, “a lot of people had the same idea at the same time.” He sometimes uses \u003ca href=\"http://bemyeyes.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Be My Eyes\u003c/a>, a free worldwide service powered by volunteers who assist by cellphone video chat. The free app \u003ca href=\"http://taptapseeapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TapTapSee\u003c/a> identifies the content of still photos and speaks it aloud. And people can also improvise by simply Facetiming with friends or relatives. Bashin says these solutions are more accessible to low-income people than Aira’s paid service, although they lack some of the features — smartglasses, GPS mapping, agents trained to work with the blind. But what they all have in common, Bashin says, “is the world is still not 100 percent accessible for blind people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bashin says that dialing a sighted person can be especially helpful when optical character readers fail, noting they are often thwarted by glare (think thermostat screens) or fancy script (think wine bottle labels or handwritten mail). But Bashin cautions against over-reliance on visual interpreters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When somebody first becomes blind, they think that the answers to the obstacles of blindness are to have someone see for you,” he says. Yet a person can skillfully use other senses, like touch and hearing, and low-tech solutions, like Braille. “There are hundreds of thousands of very clever and efficient solutions that don’t involve sight,” Bashin continues. “That’s what we teach at the LightHouse, and that’s what will get us through the day with a little bit of grace, so that we can reserve these technologies for when they really count. I'm a little bit afraid that new students will avoid learning what they need to learn to be competent blind people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some Aira users prefer a paid agent — often for fear of imposing on others’ time — Bashin doesn't mind asking a stranger to steer him toward the check-in desk or describe what’s on the buffet, because that’s a social activity. “Yes, I’ll learn where the strawberries are, but I’ll also learn about \u003cem>them\u003c/em>. Now I’ve made a bridge to another person instead of isolating myself talking into a headset and some goggles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Manosh, from the Sacramento National Federation of the Blind chapter, disagrees that the service will encourage isolation or over-reliance. She calls Aira “a tool in my toolbox” that also includes her cane and her mobility training. “You don’t have to rely \u003cem>just\u003c/em> on it, and that’s the beauty of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_418103\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-418103 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Bernal, Aira's vice president of customer experience, demonstrates what agents connected to the company's clients see on their screen -- a Google Map of the user's location with an inset of the video stream coming from their glasses or phone. (Kara Platoni/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I’ve had this experience where I’ve actually gone to an airport and thought ‘How do I know this airport? I’ve never been here before. You realize that you’ve been an agent for a user in an airport. You are like, ‘Oh, I’ve been in this terminal, but I haven’t \u003cem>been in this terminal\u003c/em>.’ It’s very déjà vu.'\u003ccite>Amy Bernal, Aira’s vice president of customer experience\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The next phase of Aira’s development will be to turn some tasks over to a machine. At first, Bernal says, the AI will likely assist the agent. Later, it might guide people through routine tasks, like daily commutes. Or it might replace agents in sensitive situations, while users are in restrooms or dealing with finances, for instance. (Currently, users can go into “privacy mode” with no video or audio, or hang up and call back.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hingson imagines sending a shopping list to Aira, and having the AI map his path through the store and check barcodes to confirm that he's grabbed the right items. He’d also like Aira integration with Facebook, so the system could use facial recognition to let him know if his friends are nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, employees like Bernal are happy to assist with just about everything, although she notes that there’s one oddly sci-fi effect of seeing the world through someone else’s lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had this experience where I’ve actually gone to an airport and thought ‘How do I know this airport? I’ve never been here before,’ ” she says. “But you realize that you’ve been an agent for a user in an airport. You are like, ‘Oh, I’ve been in this terminal, but I haven’t \u003cem>been in this terminal\u003c/em>.’ It’s very déjà vu.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "418097 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=418097",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/12/google-glass-feed-connects-the-blind-with-remote-human-guides/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 2315,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 34
},
"modified": 1510960658,
"excerpt": "Finding a cafe, describing a museum exhibit or helping someone fold origami -- a new service helps blind people navigate by linking them with live agents who view their surroundings through smartglasses like Google Glass.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Finding a cafe, describing a museum exhibit or helping someone fold origami -- a new service helps blind people navigate by linking them with live agents who view their surroundings through smartglasses like Google Glass.",
"title": "Through Google Glass, Remote Helper Sees What Blind Person Can't | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Through Google Glass, Remote Helper Sees What Blind Person Can't",
"datePublished": "2017-07-12T09:33:21-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-11-17T15:17:38-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "google-glass-feed-connects-the-blind-with-remote-human-guides",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Kara Platoni\u003cbr />Future of You",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/418097/google-glass-feed-connects-the-blind-with-remote-human-guides",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first thing I do is put on Google Glass, its tiny camera situated over my right eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A MiFi — a personal wireless hotspot — goes into my pocket. I pop in earbuds connected to a smartphone. Then I close my eyes. I am trying to simulate, for this demonstration, what it's like to navigate without being able to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Finding a cafe, describing a museum exhibit, or helping someone fold origami -- a new service guides blind people by connecting them with live agents who view their surroundings through smartglasses like Google Glass.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All geared up, I am now ready for my test run. \u003ca href=\"https://aira.io/#service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aira\u003c/a>, based in San Diego, is a paid service that offers \"visual interpretation\" for the blind and visually impaired. With a smartphone app, Aira users connect with a remote agent who sees through any one of four types of smartglasses and describes the client's environment to her. Employees say the service, which became available in March, is like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/onstar/480471/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #24890d\">OnStar\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"m-6819587429447741435apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>for the blind — or maybe like having your own personal “\u003ca href=\"http://24.wikia.com/wiki/Chloe_O%27Brian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #24890d\">Chloe\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,” the intelligence analyst on the TV show \"24\" who often remotely assists hero Jack Bauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I summon \u003cem>my\u003c/em> Chloe using the Aira interface, which consists of a giant blue button. All I have to do is tap anywhere on the phone's display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thank you for calling Aira,” a friendly voice says. “How can I help you?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Andy Del Valle, my agent, and, for as long as I need him, my long-distance eyes. Del Valle — sitting in front of his laptop — can now see through my Google Glass feed. As I scan my surroundings, he sees Amy Bernal, the company’s vice president of customer experience, who has helped get me outfitted; then I lower my head so he can see the path before my feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to my GPS connection, Del Valle is also able to locate me using Google Maps. We’re on the campus of San Francisco State University, for me unfamiliar turf. I ask him to direct me to the nearest cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seconds, he's produced a route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, we’re approximating the Aira experience; I’m a sighted person with no orientation and mobility training, and I'm not using a dog or cane, as regular users do. I am, to put it gently, perhaps not the most graceful mover Del Valle has ever assisted. But he is cheerful as he offers me directions, like to turn left toward 11 o’clock. As I walk, he offers environmental cues, telling me to turn when I feel the slope of the sidewalk level out, or when I can feel the sun as I emerge from a nearby building’s shadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I quickly grow to trust his voice in my ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short walk, I hear music and a cash register — we’ve arrived at our destination. I want to order an iced coffee; Del Valle asks me to turn so he can scan a posted menu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_424306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 292px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto1-e1499819013990.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-424306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto1-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orientation and mobility specialist using Aira at the International Mobility Conference in 2016. (Courtesy Aira)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Taking picture,” an automated voice intones as Del Valle grabs a shot from the camera feed and zooms in. He also pulls up a more detailed menu online and gives me a rundown of options — espresso? Blended java drink? — and a headcount of how many people are in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Valle is among the 33 agents working that day, covering customers across the United States. The service runs from 4 a.m. to 10 p.m., Pacific time or 7 a.m.to 1 a.m. Eastern, and clients subscribe to a monthly plan or a package of minutes. (The monthly plans go from $89 to $329, depending on \u003ca href=\"https://aira.io/plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">level of service\u003c/a>.\u003cstrong>) \u003c/strong>Each user gets a personal profile that lists details like allergies, so an agent can warn someone allergic to shellfish, for example, that there’s shrimp salad on the potluck table. The company says it has \"hundreds\" of clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernal, the customer experience VP, is also an agent, and she's set up shop for the afternoon in the campus’ special education department. The calls she fields run from the mundane (a man looking for a trash can while cleaning up after his guide dog) to the complicated (a lost woman with bad directions from a passerby can't find her bus stop.) “You'll never know until you pick up the call,” Bernal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are hundreds of thousands of very clever and efficient solutions that don’t involve sight.'\u003ccite>Bryan Bashin, LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sometimes they get a strange one — Bernal recalls an agent being asked to help a user do origami, having to hastily grab some paper and fold along. But most are the stuff of ordinary life: setting up the cable box, checking the expiration date on the milk, matching a shirt and tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiffany Manosh, president of the River City Chapter of the National Federation of the Blind, in Sacramento, has been using Aira for about a year. She likes it for tasks that involve browsing, like shopping. Sure, she could ask a clerk for help, but “they go directly to whatever item we’ve asked for,” she says. “Well, what if I want to see maybe what’s on sale?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a natural history museum, she once had an agent describe the exhibits. A docent could have done that — if she’d booked one a month in advance. “Sighted people don’t have to do that, so why should we?” she asks. “Aira gives us the freedom to be able to really integrate and do things at our own time — when we want to, and where we want to go.” An agent even helped her find her father’s gravesite at Arlington National Cemetery. “It was a very emotional and just phenomenal feeling to be able to do it on my own time,” says Manosh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aira, based in San Diego, test-launched three years ago with 200 beta users. Among them was Victorville resident Michael Hingson, who has been blind since birth and recently became the company’s director of strategic sales. “Aira is not helping a blind person see,” Hingson says. “Aira is giving me information that the sighted world has not learned to provide to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, on emails or websites, those who are visually impaired might use a screen reader that speaks the text aloud. For printed materials, they might try a phone app like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.knfbreader.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KNFB Reader\u003c/a>, which translates text using optical character recognition. But those don’t cover everything. Hingson recalls trying to assemble a laundry cart and discovering the instructions were in pictures, which his reader couldn’t decipher. So he called Aira. The agent zoomed in on the cart’s bar code and found assembly instructions on the internet. In a half-hour, Hingson said, “I had a working laundry cart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aira agents are trained to give factual information without offering advice, deferring to the user’s orientation and mobility training. “What I don’t want is an agent telling me it’s safe to cross the street — because the agent doesn't \u003cem>know\u003c/em> it’s safe to cross the street,” says Hingson. “That should be my choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning to give the right information is a balancing act, says Bernal. “When agents first start, they feel like they have to say every little thing that is in any remote path of a user,” she says. But a person’s dog or cane will help them avoid obstacles. Instead, it might be more useful to offer social information, like where the empty seat in the room is, or whether the driver greeting you at the airport is smiling and waving you over.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Jxkq-Ta0tv4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Jxkq-Ta0tv4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Free Services\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Bashin, CEO of the training and advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a>, in San Francisco, has tried Aira, and points out that while it’s the first such for-profit service, it’s not the first visual interpretation app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the iPhone debuted, he says, “a lot of people had the same idea at the same time.” He sometimes uses \u003ca href=\"http://bemyeyes.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Be My Eyes\u003c/a>, a free worldwide service powered by volunteers who assist by cellphone video chat. The free app \u003ca href=\"http://taptapseeapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TapTapSee\u003c/a> identifies the content of still photos and speaks it aloud. And people can also improvise by simply Facetiming with friends or relatives. Bashin says these solutions are more accessible to low-income people than Aira’s paid service, although they lack some of the features — smartglasses, GPS mapping, agents trained to work with the blind. But what they all have in common, Bashin says, “is the world is still not 100 percent accessible for blind people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bashin says that dialing a sighted person can be especially helpful when optical character readers fail, noting they are often thwarted by glare (think thermostat screens) or fancy script (think wine bottle labels or handwritten mail). But Bashin cautions against over-reliance on visual interpreters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When somebody first becomes blind, they think that the answers to the obstacles of blindness are to have someone see for you,” he says. Yet a person can skillfully use other senses, like touch and hearing, and low-tech solutions, like Braille. “There are hundreds of thousands of very clever and efficient solutions that don’t involve sight,” Bashin continues. “That’s what we teach at the LightHouse, and that’s what will get us through the day with a little bit of grace, so that we can reserve these technologies for when they really count. I'm a little bit afraid that new students will avoid learning what they need to learn to be competent blind people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some Aira users prefer a paid agent — often for fear of imposing on others’ time — Bashin doesn't mind asking a stranger to steer him toward the check-in desk or describe what’s on the buffet, because that’s a social activity. “Yes, I’ll learn where the strawberries are, but I’ll also learn about \u003cem>them\u003c/em>. Now I’ve made a bridge to another person instead of isolating myself talking into a headset and some goggles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Manosh, from the Sacramento National Federation of the Blind chapter, disagrees that the service will encourage isolation or over-reliance. She calls Aira “a tool in my toolbox” that also includes her cane and her mobility training. “You don’t have to rely \u003cem>just\u003c/em> on it, and that’s the beauty of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_418103\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-418103 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Bernal, Aira's vice president of customer experience, demonstrates what agents connected to the company's clients see on their screen -- a Google Map of the user's location with an inset of the video stream coming from their glasses or phone. (Kara Platoni/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I’ve had this experience where I’ve actually gone to an airport and thought ‘How do I know this airport? I’ve never been here before. You realize that you’ve been an agent for a user in an airport. You are like, ‘Oh, I’ve been in this terminal, but I haven’t \u003cem>been in this terminal\u003c/em>.’ It’s very déjà vu.'\u003ccite>Amy Bernal, Aira’s vice president of customer experience\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The next phase of Aira’s development will be to turn some tasks over to a machine. At first, Bernal says, the AI will likely assist the agent. Later, it might guide people through routine tasks, like daily commutes. Or it might replace agents in sensitive situations, while users are in restrooms or dealing with finances, for instance. (Currently, users can go into “privacy mode” with no video or audio, or hang up and call back.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hingson imagines sending a shopping list to Aira, and having the AI map his path through the store and check barcodes to confirm that he's grabbed the right items. He’d also like Aira integration with Facebook, so the system could use facial recognition to let him know if his friends are nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, employees like Bernal are happy to assist with just about everything, although she notes that there’s one oddly sci-fi effect of seeing the world through someone else’s lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had this experience where I’ve actually gone to an airport and thought ‘How do I know this airport? I’ve never been here before,’ ” she says. “But you realize that you’ve been an agent for a user in an airport. You are like, ‘Oh, I’ve been in this terminal, but I haven’t \u003cem>been in this terminal\u003c/em>.’ It’s very déjà vu.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/418097/google-glass-feed-connects-the-blind-with-remote-human-guides",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_418097"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_452",
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1130",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_226"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_424272",
"label": "source_futureofyou_418097"
},
"futureofyou_411008": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_411008",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "411008",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1499796944000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1499796944,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Drones Beat Ambulance Response Times in Cardiac Arrest Study",
"title": "Drones Beat Ambulance Response Times in Cardiac Arrest Study",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Drones could soon be dropping off packages at customers' doors. But researchers in Sweden have drones in mind for a different, potentially lifesaving delivery: automated external defibrillators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using drones to carry AEDs to people who are in cardiac arrest could reduce the time between when patients go into cardiac arrest and when they receive the first shock from an AED, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is a really neat, innovative method to combat a problem that we have been struggling with for decades.'\u003ccite>Dr. Michael Kurz,\u003cbr>\nUniversity of Alabama-Birmingham\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The more time a person spends in cardiac arrest before being shocked with an AED, the lower the chance of survival. Shocking someone \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200010263431701\">within three minutes\u003c/a> gives them the best shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 350,000 cardiac arrests happen across the U.S. in places other than hospitals each year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/\">American Heart Association\u003c/a> — and a person's chance of surviving is about 1 in 10. Drone-delivered AEDs beat ambulance trip times to the scenes of cardiac arrests, the researchers say in a \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2631520\">letter\u003c/a> published recently in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Medical Association\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Kurz, an associate professor of emergency medicine at the University of Alabama-Birmingham and an American Heart Association volunteer, sees the potential for AED-carrying drones to help save lives. He says this is the first time he has seen published data on the use of drones to deliver AEDs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a really neat, innovative method to combat a problem that we have been struggling with for decades,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.uab.edu/medicine/arc/118-area-2/45-mckurz\">Kurz\u003c/a>. \"It's the same reason we have public access to defibrillation. Airports, casinos, large public venues have AEDs on the wall because presumably, it would take a while for EMS to get there. This is, like, public-access defibrillation on steroids, where we just bring the defibrillator to you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"gatYAEYDQBwiSmq5jW6ncpwOO8rmvj6R\"]The researchers used drones to deliver AEDs to places in a rural area of Sweden where people had gone into cardiac arrest between 2006 and 2014, says Stockholm-based Andreas Claesson, the letter's lead author as well as a paramedic and registered nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each of the 18 flights that the drones made, they beat the ambulance time. The median reduction in response time was about 16 1/2 minutes. And the median time from dispatch to drone launch was three seconds, while it took emergency medical services a median time of three minutes to hit the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claesson says the idea to use drones to drop off AEDs came from an analysis that showed some people in rural Sweden had to wait about half an hour for EMS to arrive on the scene of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest situation, leading to a survival rate was 0 percent, which he calls \"catastrophic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team used geographic information system mapping to pinpoint locations that would be most effective for the test flights, Claesson says, and drafted predefined flight corridors that avoided flying over residents' homes until the drones were about to land in yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more research needs to be done before we start seeing AED-laden drones touching down at cardiac arrest scenes. \"We know nothing about bystander interaction,\" says Claesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his concerns: Sending an AED via drone means that there won't necessarily be a medical professional on-site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The typical cardiac arrest patient is a 70-year-old man, he says, which means spouses — who may not be trained how to use an AED — would most likely be the ones using it in an emergency situation. But dispatchers could help coach people through the process of using an AED, Claesson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that health care professional CPR is better than layman [CPR]. But we still believe that if we can deliver a defibrillator within five minutes, the proportion of people with shockable rhythms could be pretty high,\" Claesson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AEDs have simple enough instructions that allow just about anyone to figure out how to use them effectively, says Kurz, whose daughter has a congenital heart disease and is in fourth grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He taught 400 of her classmates how to do CPR and use AEDs this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're fourth-graders, so there's a certain amount of corralling that has to occur, but yeah, they do great,\" Kurz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are you as AED-capable as a fourth-grader? The Red Cross has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/aed/using-an-aed/aed-steps\">step-by-step guide to using an AED\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claesson is planning a follow-up drone trial in Sweden next summer, when the local emergency medical services receive the most calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kurz says future studies should go beyond analyzing response times and also examine patient survival rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now the idea of doing this in real life with real patients, when minutes matter, can be demonstrated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Could+Drones+Help+Save+People+In+Cardiac+Arrest%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "411008 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=411008",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/11/drones-beat-ambulance-response-times-in-cardiac-arrest-study/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 811,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 23
},
"modified": 1499796944,
"excerpt": "Drones carrying defibrillators beat ambulance times in a study in Sweden. But this has yet to be tried in real emergencies.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Drones carrying defibrillators beat ambulance times in a study in Sweden. But this has yet to be tried in real emergencies.",
"title": "Drones Beat Ambulance Response Times in Cardiac Arrest Study | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Drones Beat Ambulance Response Times in Cardiac Arrest Study",
"datePublished": "2017-07-11T11:15:44-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-07-11T11:15:44-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "drones-beat-ambulance-response-times-in-cardiac-arrest-study",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=532639836&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Courtney Columbus\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 13 Jun 2017 11:34:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 14 Jun 2017 16:06:03 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/13/532639836/could-drones-help-save-people-in-cardiac-arrest?ft=nprml&f=532639836",
"nprImageAgency": "Courtesy of FlyPulse",
"nprImageCredit": "Andreas Claesson",
"nprStoryId": "532639836",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 14 Jun 2017 16:06:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/411008/drones-beat-ambulance-response-times-in-cardiac-arrest-study",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drones could soon be dropping off packages at customers' doors. But researchers in Sweden have drones in mind for a different, potentially lifesaving delivery: automated external defibrillators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using drones to carry AEDs to people who are in cardiac arrest could reduce the time between when patients go into cardiac arrest and when they receive the first shock from an AED, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This is a really neat, innovative method to combat a problem that we have been struggling with for decades.'\u003ccite>Dr. Michael Kurz,\u003cbr>\nUniversity of Alabama-Birmingham\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The more time a person spends in cardiac arrest before being shocked with an AED, the lower the chance of survival. Shocking someone \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM200010263431701\">within three minutes\u003c/a> gives them the best shot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 350,000 cardiac arrests happen across the U.S. in places other than hospitals each year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/\">American Heart Association\u003c/a> — and a person's chance of surviving is about 1 in 10. Drone-delivered AEDs beat ambulance trip times to the scenes of cardiac arrests, the researchers say in a \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2631520\">letter\u003c/a> published recently in the \u003cem>Journal of the American Medical Association\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Kurz, an associate professor of emergency medicine at the University of Alabama-Birmingham and an American Heart Association volunteer, sees the potential for AED-carrying drones to help save lives. He says this is the first time he has seen published data on the use of drones to deliver AEDs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a really neat, innovative method to combat a problem that we have been struggling with for decades,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.uab.edu/medicine/arc/118-area-2/45-mckurz\">Kurz\u003c/a>. \"It's the same reason we have public access to defibrillation. Airports, casinos, large public venues have AEDs on the wall because presumably, it would take a while for EMS to get there. This is, like, public-access defibrillation on steroids, where we just bring the defibrillator to you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The researchers used drones to deliver AEDs to places in a rural area of Sweden where people had gone into cardiac arrest between 2006 and 2014, says Stockholm-based Andreas Claesson, the letter's lead author as well as a paramedic and registered nurse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In each of the 18 flights that the drones made, they beat the ambulance time. The median reduction in response time was about 16 1/2 minutes. And the median time from dispatch to drone launch was three seconds, while it took emergency medical services a median time of three minutes to hit the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claesson says the idea to use drones to drop off AEDs came from an analysis that showed some people in rural Sweden had to wait about half an hour for EMS to arrive on the scene of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest situation, leading to a survival rate was 0 percent, which he calls \"catastrophic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team used geographic information system mapping to pinpoint locations that would be most effective for the test flights, Claesson says, and drafted predefined flight corridors that avoided flying over residents' homes until the drones were about to land in yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more research needs to be done before we start seeing AED-laden drones touching down at cardiac arrest scenes. \"We know nothing about bystander interaction,\" says Claesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of his concerns: Sending an AED via drone means that there won't necessarily be a medical professional on-site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The typical cardiac arrest patient is a 70-year-old man, he says, which means spouses — who may not be trained how to use an AED — would most likely be the ones using it in an emergency situation. But dispatchers could help coach people through the process of using an AED, Claesson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that health care professional CPR is better than layman [CPR]. But we still believe that if we can deliver a defibrillator within five minutes, the proportion of people with shockable rhythms could be pretty high,\" Claesson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AEDs have simple enough instructions that allow just about anyone to figure out how to use them effectively, says Kurz, whose daughter has a congenital heart disease and is in fourth grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He taught 400 of her classmates how to do CPR and use AEDs this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're fourth-graders, so there's a certain amount of corralling that has to occur, but yeah, they do great,\" Kurz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Are you as AED-capable as a fourth-grader? The Red Cross has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/aed/using-an-aed/aed-steps\">step-by-step guide to using an AED\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claesson is planning a follow-up drone trial in Sweden next summer, when the local emergency medical services receive the most calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kurz says future studies should go beyond analyzing response times and also examine patient survival rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now the idea of doing this in real life with real patients, when minutes matter, can be demonstrated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Could+Drones+Help+Save+People+In+Cardiac+Arrest%3F+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/411008/drones-beat-ambulance-response-times-in-cardiac-arrest-study",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_411008"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1062",
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_845"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_411009",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_421301": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_421301",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "421301",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1499437820000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1499437820,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Taking Ibuprofen Could Be Dangerous for Endurance Runners",
"title": "Taking Ibuprofen Could Be Dangerous for Endurance Runners",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Marathoners have reason to think twice before they nurse aches and pains with ibuprofen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/05/well/move/bring-on-the-exercise-hold-the-painkillers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New research\u003c/a> shows taking pain pills may be harming the body, more than helping it. Stanford University researchers found ultramarathoners who took ibuprofen during races doubled their rate of kidney injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If you're hurting after your big event, I say take an ice bath. If you're running and you're hurting, consider \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm165107.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">acetaminophen\u003c/a>.\" \u003ccite>Dr. Grant Lipman, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It is not uncommon for people who exercise zealously to stress their kidneys because they are so dehydrated, but adding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs like ibuprofen, to the mix may make things worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NSAIDs are the popular choice for athletes because they reduce pain \u003cem>and swelling\u003c/em>. As many as 75 percent of athletes turn to NSAIDs before, during and after races, according to Dr. Grant Lipman. Lipman is a Stanford University emergency medical doctor and lead author of a new double-blind \u003ca href=\"http://emj.bmj.com/content/early/2017/06/28/emermed-2016-206353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> published online this week in \u003cem>Emergency Medical Journal.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipman randomly selected 89 runners who were participating in a seven-day, 155-mile ultramarathon. He divided them into two groups. One group took 400 milligrams of ibuprofen every four hours during a 50-mile section of the race; the other group took a sugar pill. Those racers who took ibuprofen had an 18 percent higher rate of kidney injury at the end of the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fgteb9CbbBtu2Apjxog4S9jQ9xvJx2U0\"]Basically, one out of every five runners who took ibuprofen suffered an acute kidney injury, said Lipman. \"That’s a pretty high rate,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When athletes push their limits they're already stressing their kidneys through both dehydration and muscle tissue break down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why, says UCSF nephrologist Dr. Kristen Johansen, those results are not surprising. \"We tell all our kidney patient to avoid NSAIDs. The kidney is a big filter and we know non-steroidals interfere with the system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipman advises hard-core athletes to use alternative ways to nurse the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you're hurting after your big event I say take an ice bath,\" Lipman says. \"If you're running and you're hurting consider \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm165107.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">acetaminophen\u003c/a>.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data show that most athletes with acute kidney injuries recover quickly but there are cautionary \u003ca href=\"http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/front-range/boulder/dehydration-excessive-exercise-killed-brian-godlove-at-boulder-ironman-coroner-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tales\u003c/a>, like the 40-year-old Boulder triathlete who died from renal failure a few days after competing in an Ironman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipman stresses that the results of his study do not apply to everyday athletes like those of us who go for a trail run.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "421301 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=421301",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/07/popping-pain-pills-could-be-dangerous-for-endurance-runners/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 432,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1499724334,
"excerpt": "New Stanford study offers advice for ultramarathoners. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "New Stanford study offers advice for ultramarathoners. ",
"title": "Taking Ibuprofen Could Be Dangerous for Endurance Runners | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Taking Ibuprofen Could Be Dangerous for Endurance Runners",
"datePublished": "2017-07-07T07:30:20-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-07-10T15:05:34-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "popping-pain-pills-could-be-dangerous-for-endurance-runners",
"status": "publish",
"source": "KQED Future of You",
"path": "/futureofyou/421301/popping-pain-pills-could-be-dangerous-for-endurance-runners",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Marathoners have reason to think twice before they nurse aches and pains with ibuprofen. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/05/well/move/bring-on-the-exercise-hold-the-painkillers.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New research\u003c/a> shows taking pain pills may be harming the body, more than helping it. Stanford University researchers found ultramarathoners who took ibuprofen during races doubled their rate of kidney injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“If you're hurting after your big event, I say take an ice bath. If you're running and you're hurting, consider \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm165107.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">acetaminophen\u003c/a>.\" \u003ccite>Dr. Grant Lipman, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It is not uncommon for people who exercise zealously to stress their kidneys because they are so dehydrated, but adding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, or NSAIDs like ibuprofen, to the mix may make things worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NSAIDs are the popular choice for athletes because they reduce pain \u003cem>and swelling\u003c/em>. As many as 75 percent of athletes turn to NSAIDs before, during and after races, according to Dr. Grant Lipman. Lipman is a Stanford University emergency medical doctor and lead author of a new double-blind \u003ca href=\"http://emj.bmj.com/content/early/2017/06/28/emermed-2016-206353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> published online this week in \u003cem>Emergency Medical Journal.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipman randomly selected 89 runners who were participating in a seven-day, 155-mile ultramarathon. He divided them into two groups. One group took 400 milligrams of ibuprofen every four hours during a 50-mile section of the race; the other group took a sugar pill. Those racers who took ibuprofen had an 18 percent higher rate of kidney injury at the end of the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Basically, one out of every five runners who took ibuprofen suffered an acute kidney injury, said Lipman. \"That’s a pretty high rate,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When athletes push their limits they're already stressing their kidneys through both dehydration and muscle tissue break down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why, says UCSF nephrologist Dr. Kristen Johansen, those results are not surprising. \"We tell all our kidney patient to avoid NSAIDs. The kidney is a big filter and we know non-steroidals interfere with the system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipman advises hard-core athletes to use alternative ways to nurse the body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you're hurting after your big event I say take an ice bath,\" Lipman says. \"If you're running and you're hurting consider \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/InformationbyDrugClass/ucm165107.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">acetaminophen\u003c/a>.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data show that most athletes with acute kidney injuries recover quickly but there are cautionary \u003ca href=\"http://www.thedenverchannel.com/news/front-range/boulder/dehydration-excessive-exercise-killed-brian-godlove-at-boulder-ironman-coroner-says\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tales\u003c/a>, like the 40-year-old Boulder triathlete who died from renal failure a few days after competing in an Ironman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lipman stresses that the results of his study do not apply to everyday athletes like those of us who go for a trail run.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/421301/popping-pain-pills-could-be-dangerous-for-endurance-runners",
"authors": [
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1",
"futureofyou_73"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_1322",
"futureofyou_1323",
"futureofyou_1321"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_421366",
"label": "source_futureofyou_421301"
},
"futureofyou_411014": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_411014",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "411014",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1499265027000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1499265027,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "The Split Brain and the Roots of Consciousness",
"title": "The Split Brain and the Roots of Consciousness",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>What would happen if your brain was split in two? In this recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/510307/invisibilia\">\u003cem>Invisibilia\u003c/em>\u003c/a> podcast and show, host Hanna Rosin meets a woman named Karen with \"alien hand syndrome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After surgery to treat her epilepsy severed the connection between the two halves of her brain, Karen's left hand took on a mind of its own, acting against her will to undress or even to slap her. Amazing, to be sure. But what may be even more amazing is that most people who have split-brain surgery don't notice anything different at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's more to the story than that. In the 1960s, a young neuroscientist named \u003ca href=\"https://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/gazzaniga\">Michael Gazzaniga\u003c/a> began a series of experiments with split-brain patients that would change our understanding of the human brain forever. Working in the lab of Roger Sperry, who later won a Nobel Prize for his work, Gazzaniga discovered that the two halves of the brain experience the world quite differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gazzaniga and his colleagues flashed a picture in front of a patient's right eye, the information was processed in the left side of the brain and the split-brain patient could easily describe the scene verbally. But when a picture was flashed in front of the left eye, which connects to the right side of the brain, the patient would report seeing nothing. If allowed to respond non-verbally, however, the right brain could adeptly point at or draw what was seen by the left eye. So the right brain knew what it was seeing; it just couldn't talk about it. These experiments showed for the first time that each brain hemisphere has specialized tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke with Gazzaniga about his seminal research and what it can tell us about the nature of the human brain and even human consciousness. He's the director of the SAGE Center for the Study of Mind at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and author of the upcoming book, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Consciousness-Instinct-Unraveling-Mystery-Brain/dp/0374715505\">The Consciousness Instinct\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. The interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's incredible now to think that until you did those experiments, no one knew about brain lateralization. What does it feel like to make such a profound discovery?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we conducted our experiments, it seemed very clear that cutting the \u003ca href=\"http://brainmadesimple.com/corpus-callosum.html\">corpus callosum\u003c/a> did not have any effect. Karl Lashley, an influential memory researcher, joked that the corpus callosum's role was simply \"to keep the hemispheres from sagging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was pretty stunning to witness a guy who was otherwise just like everybody else be completely unaware in his left hemisphere about what his right hemisphere was capable of. All of the information in half of his visual field could not be verbally described. And yet, the right hemisphere responding non-verbally was aware that the information had been presented. It boggles the mind. If you were witnessing that, trust me, you would just be stunned. You'd say, \"I want to understand that more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what's the benefit of having the two halves of the brain specialized like that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, people have been wondering about lateralization of the nervous system for a long time, and there are many theories, but it's basically not known. Up until you get to the human brain, if you look at monkeys and chimps, both sides of the brain serve basically the same functions. And then in humans, there starts to be this vast amount of lateral specialization. One simple idea that we've offered is that the human is really set with more capacities than fewer, and each one of those capacities takes up some kind of neural space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you start with a normal, intact brain with things duplicated on each side and you need more cortical space to add on all the new, higher functions of the human condition, you're gonna say, \"Maybe let's recraft some of this space and just use one hemisphere, so we have more space for another capacity.\" But as I say, it's just speculation; it's not in the category of \"we know how it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are \"functions of the human condition\"? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, over time, as our experiments evolved, rather than just asking patients to identify what they saw, we asked them to select objects or drawings to match the images we showed them, and then we would ask them to explain themselves. For example, we showed the right eye of one patient a picture a chicken claw. The right hand had to pick a related drawing, and one was a chicken. So, the chicken claw obviously goes with the chicken. At the same time, we showed to the left eye a New England snow scene. The left hand had to pick a related image, and one was a shovel, so the left hand pointed to the shovel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, we asked the patient, sort of confrontationally, \"Why did you do that? Why did you point to the chicken and the shovel?\" And the patient said, \"Well, the chicken claw goes with the chicken, and you need a shovel to clean out the chicken shed.\" And we realized — BOOM! — we do that all day long! We have all these separate systems, these impulses, these emotions, these behaviors, all this stuff, and we're constantly thinking about it and spinning it into a story that fits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you're onto that as a big feature of the human condition, you could then see how you can take that kind of interpretive system and build larger stories about meaning and why we're doing things and our origins, and all the rest of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can split-brain research teach us about normal brains?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the fundamental facts of split-brain research that people have to remember is that you can take any normal person and normal brain and disconnect the hemispheres and all of a sudden you have two consciousnesses. And through analysis and examination of all kinds of neurologic cases, you realized there are consciousnesses all over the brain!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you're looking at one system that somehow generates our subjective sense of being conscious — that's wrong. That's not how we should think about how consciousness evolved. You can take a conscious system and divide it in two just by disconnecting some neurons — that is a thing to go home and think about real hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Roots+Of+Consciousness%3A+We%27re+Of+Two+Minds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "411014 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=411014",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/05/the-roots-of-consciousness-were-of-two-minds/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1091,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 20
},
"modified": 1499276899,
"excerpt": "Surgery that severs the link between brain hemispheres reveals that those halves have way different views of the world. We ask a pioneering scientist what that tells us about human consciousness.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Surgery that severs the link between brain hemispheres reveals that those halves have way different views of the world. We ask a pioneering scientist what that tells us about human consciousness.",
"title": "The Split Brain and the Roots of Consciousness | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The Split Brain and the Roots of Consciousness",
"datePublished": "2017-07-05T07:30:27-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-07-05T10:48:19-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-roots-of-consciousness-were-of-two-minds",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=532920899&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Kerin Higa\u003cbr />All Things Considered",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 15 Jun 2017 15:47:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Fri, 16 Jun 2017 11:32:13 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/15/532920899/the-roots-of-consciousness-were-of-two-minds?ft=nprml&f=532920899",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/06/20170615_atc_the_roots_of_consciousness_were_of_two_minds.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=324&p=2&story=532920899&t=progseg&e=533042663&seg=14&ft=nprml&f=532920899",
"nprImageAgency": "Angie Wang for NPR",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1533102652-4f4269.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=324&p=2&story=532920899&t=progseg&e=533042663&seg=14&ft=nprml&f=532920899",
"nprStoryId": "532920899",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 16 Jun 2017 11:32:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/411014/the-roots-of-consciousness-were-of-two-minds",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/06/20170615_atc_the_roots_of_consciousness_were_of_two_minds.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=324&p=2&story=532920899&t=progseg&e=533042663&seg=14&ft=nprml&f=532920899",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What would happen if your brain was split in two? In this recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/510307/invisibilia\">\u003cem>Invisibilia\u003c/em>\u003c/a> podcast and show, host Hanna Rosin meets a woman named Karen with \"alien hand syndrome.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After surgery to treat her epilepsy severed the connection between the two halves of her brain, Karen's left hand took on a mind of its own, acting against her will to undress or even to slap her. Amazing, to be sure. But what may be even more amazing is that most people who have split-brain surgery don't notice anything different at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there's more to the story than that. In the 1960s, a young neuroscientist named \u003ca href=\"https://www.psych.ucsb.edu/people/faculty/gazzaniga\">Michael Gazzaniga\u003c/a> began a series of experiments with split-brain patients that would change our understanding of the human brain forever. Working in the lab of Roger Sperry, who later won a Nobel Prize for his work, Gazzaniga discovered that the two halves of the brain experience the world quite differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Gazzaniga and his colleagues flashed a picture in front of a patient's right eye, the information was processed in the left side of the brain and the split-brain patient could easily describe the scene verbally. But when a picture was flashed in front of the left eye, which connects to the right side of the brain, the patient would report seeing nothing. If allowed to respond non-verbally, however, the right brain could adeptly point at or draw what was seen by the left eye. So the right brain knew what it was seeing; it just couldn't talk about it. These experiments showed for the first time that each brain hemisphere has specialized tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke with Gazzaniga about his seminal research and what it can tell us about the nature of the human brain and even human consciousness. He's the director of the SAGE Center for the Study of Mind at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and author of the upcoming book, \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Consciousness-Instinct-Unraveling-Mystery-Brain/dp/0374715505\">The Consciousness Instinct\u003c/a>\u003c/em>. The interview has been edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's incredible now to think that until you did those experiments, no one knew about brain lateralization. What does it feel like to make such a profound discovery?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before we conducted our experiments, it seemed very clear that cutting the \u003ca href=\"http://brainmadesimple.com/corpus-callosum.html\">corpus callosum\u003c/a> did not have any effect. Karl Lashley, an influential memory researcher, joked that the corpus callosum's role was simply \"to keep the hemispheres from sagging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it was pretty stunning to witness a guy who was otherwise just like everybody else be completely unaware in his left hemisphere about what his right hemisphere was capable of. All of the information in half of his visual field could not be verbally described. And yet, the right hemisphere responding non-verbally was aware that the information had been presented. It boggles the mind. If you were witnessing that, trust me, you would just be stunned. You'd say, \"I want to understand that more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So what's the benefit of having the two halves of the brain specialized like that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, people have been wondering about lateralization of the nervous system for a long time, and there are many theories, but it's basically not known. Up until you get to the human brain, if you look at monkeys and chimps, both sides of the brain serve basically the same functions. And then in humans, there starts to be this vast amount of lateral specialization. One simple idea that we've offered is that the human is really set with more capacities than fewer, and each one of those capacities takes up some kind of neural space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you start with a normal, intact brain with things duplicated on each side and you need more cortical space to add on all the new, higher functions of the human condition, you're gonna say, \"Maybe let's recraft some of this space and just use one hemisphere, so we have more space for another capacity.\" But as I say, it's just speculation; it's not in the category of \"we know how it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are \"functions of the human condition\"? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, over time, as our experiments evolved, rather than just asking patients to identify what they saw, we asked them to select objects or drawings to match the images we showed them, and then we would ask them to explain themselves. For example, we showed the right eye of one patient a picture a chicken claw. The right hand had to pick a related drawing, and one was a chicken. So, the chicken claw obviously goes with the chicken. At the same time, we showed to the left eye a New England snow scene. The left hand had to pick a related image, and one was a shovel, so the left hand pointed to the shovel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, we asked the patient, sort of confrontationally, \"Why did you do that? Why did you point to the chicken and the shovel?\" And the patient said, \"Well, the chicken claw goes with the chicken, and you need a shovel to clean out the chicken shed.\" And we realized — BOOM! — we do that all day long! We have all these separate systems, these impulses, these emotions, these behaviors, all this stuff, and we're constantly thinking about it and spinning it into a story that fits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you're onto that as a big feature of the human condition, you could then see how you can take that kind of interpretive system and build larger stories about meaning and why we're doing things and our origins, and all the rest of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can split-brain research teach us about normal brains?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the fundamental facts of split-brain research that people have to remember is that you can take any normal person and normal brain and disconnect the hemispheres and all of a sudden you have two consciousnesses. And through analysis and examination of all kinds of neurologic cases, you realized there are consciousnesses all over the brain!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you're looking at one system that somehow generates our subjective sense of being conscious — that's wrong. That's not how we should think about how consciousness evolved. You can take a conscious system and divide it in two just by disconnecting some neurons — that is a thing to go home and think about real hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Roots+Of+Consciousness%3A+We%27re+Of+Two+Minds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/411014/the-roots-of-consciousness-were-of-two-minds",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_411014"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1275"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_411015",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_411005": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_411005",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "411005",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1499090432000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1499090432,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Radical Treatment for Parkinson's Revived",
"title": "Radical Treatment for Parkinson's Revived",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Researchers are working to revive a radical treatment for Parkinson's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment involves transplanting healthy brain cells to replace cells killed off by the disease. It's an approach that was tried decades ago and then set aside after disappointing results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, groups in Europe, the U.S. and Asia are preparing to try again, using cells they believe are safer and more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have been massive advances,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://weillcornell.org/chenchcliffe\">Claire Henchcliffe\u003c/a>, a neurologist at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York. \"I'm optimistic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are very optimistic about ability of [the new] cells to improve patients' symptoms,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/doctors/viviane-tabar\">Viviane Tabar\u003c/a>, a neurosurgeon and stem cell biologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henchcliffe and Tabar joined several other prominent scientists to describe plans to revive brain cell transplants during a session Tuesday at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.isscr.org/\">International Society for Stem Cell Research\u003c/a> meeting in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their upbeat message marks a dramatic turnaround for the approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 1980s and 1990s, researchers used cells taken directly from the brains of aborted fetuses to treat hundreds of Parkinson's patients. The goal was to halt the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson's \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000755.htm\">destroys brain cells\u003c/a> that make a substance called dopamine. Without enough dopamine, nerve cells can't communicate with muscles, and people can develop tremors, have difficulty walking and other symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugs can temporarily raise dopamine levels, easing symptoms. But their effectiveness tends to wane over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers thought a better approach would be to simply replace the cells that produce dopamine. \"The rationale is that if those cells are lost, and we know they make dopamine, and we know that dopamine is important for good coordination, good automatic movement, why could we not replace those cells,\" Henchcliffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some patients, the transplanted fetal cells produced dramatic improvements. But rigorous studies eventually showed that many other patients were not helped. And some developed an unwelcome side effect: uncontrolled movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in 2003, researchers declared a moratorium on transplants for Parkinson's. \"There was a stepping back to re-evaluate what exactly just happened,\" Henchcliffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That took a while. But it's clear now that over the long term, some patients really were helped by the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henchliffe got to examine five people who'd received transplants more than 15 years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These were patients with decades of Parkinson's disease, and I thought it was really striking that a subset actually seemed to be doing much better than one would expect,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers never stopped looking for ways to make cell transplants safer and more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early transplants were pretty crude, Tabar says. One problem was that the cells came directly from the brains of fetuses, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What you were placing in the patient was just a soup of brain,\" she says. \"It did not have only the dopamine neurons, which exist in the tissue, but also several different types of cells.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those other cells may also have grown in the patients' brains, causing side effects, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prevent that sort of problem, scientists at Sloan Kettering have spent the past dozen years figuring out how to turn stem cells into pure lines of dopamine cells in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the transplanted fetal cells, these cells are an exact replacement for the neurons that produce dopamine in an adult brain, \"So you are confident that everything you are putting in the patient's brain will consist of right type of cell,\" Tabar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another advantage of lab-grown cells is that the supply is unlimited. \"Not only can we grow them, in fact we have almost 1,000 doses of these cells already sitting in a freezer,\" Tabar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tabar, along with her colleague and husband, Lorenz Studer, hope the Food and Drug Administration will give them permission to begin testing those cells in Parkinson's patients in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both have a financial stake in a startup that's funding the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, several other groups around the globe are also launching transplant studies. Researchers say a handful of patients in Australia have already received cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are worried that the renewed rush to make transplants work could lead to more disappointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tabar says the time is right. \"On the one hand, you don't want to rush,\" she says. \"On the other hand I think the field is ready for something bold.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Brain+Cell+Transplants+Are+Being+Tested+Once+Again+For+Parkinson%27s&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "411005 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=411005",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/03/radical-treatment-for-parkinsons-revived/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 748,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 30
},
"modified": 1498871680,
"excerpt": "In 2003, researchers declared a moratorium on the use of transplanted brain cells to treat Parkinson's disease. Now, armed with better cells, they're giving the approach another try.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "In 2003, researchers declared a moratorium on the use of transplanted brain cells to treat Parkinson's disease. Now, armed with better cells, they're giving the approach another try.",
"title": "Radical Treatment for Parkinson's Revived | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Radical Treatment for Parkinson's Revived",
"datePublished": "2017-07-03T07:00:32-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-06-30T18:14:40-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "radical-treatment-for-parkinsons-revived",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=532792500&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Jon Hamilton\u003cbr />NPR Shots",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 13 Jun 2017 16:12:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 14 Jun 2017 16:06:51 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/06/13/532792500/brain-cell-transplants-are-being-tested-once-again-for-parkinsons?ft=nprml&f=532792500",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/06/20170613_atc_brain_cell_transplants_are_being_tested_once_again_for_parkinsons.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=204&p=2&story=532792500&t=progseg&e=532709778&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=532792500",
"nprImageAgency": "Brian J. Poindexter / UT-Houston/Science Source",
"nprImageCredit": "Roger J. Bick &",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1532816987-591b0d.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=204&p=2&story=532792500&t=progseg&e=532709778&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=532792500",
"nprStoryId": "532792500",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 14 Jun 2017 16:06:00 -0400",
"path": "/futureofyou/411005/radical-treatment-for-parkinsons-revived",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2017/06/20170613_atc_brain_cell_transplants_are_being_tested_once_again_for_parkinsons.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1128&d=204&p=2&story=532792500&t=progseg&e=532709778&seg=9&ft=nprml&f=532792500",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers are working to revive a radical treatment for Parkinson's disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The treatment involves transplanting healthy brain cells to replace cells killed off by the disease. It's an approach that was tried decades ago and then set aside after disappointing results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, groups in Europe, the U.S. and Asia are preparing to try again, using cells they believe are safer and more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have been massive advances,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://weillcornell.org/chenchcliffe\">Claire Henchcliffe\u003c/a>, a neurologist at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York. \"I'm optimistic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are very optimistic about ability of [the new] cells to improve patients' symptoms,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.mskcc.org/cancer-care/doctors/viviane-tabar\">Viviane Tabar\u003c/a>, a neurosurgeon and stem cell biologist at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henchcliffe and Tabar joined several other prominent scientists to describe plans to revive brain cell transplants during a session Tuesday at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.isscr.org/\">International Society for Stem Cell Research\u003c/a> meeting in Boston.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their upbeat message marks a dramatic turnaround for the approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 1980s and 1990s, researchers used cells taken directly from the brains of aborted fetuses to treat hundreds of Parkinson's patients. The goal was to halt the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parkinson's \u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000755.htm\">destroys brain cells\u003c/a> that make a substance called dopamine. Without enough dopamine, nerve cells can't communicate with muscles, and people can develop tremors, have difficulty walking and other symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drugs can temporarily raise dopamine levels, easing symptoms. But their effectiveness tends to wane over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So researchers thought a better approach would be to simply replace the cells that produce dopamine. \"The rationale is that if those cells are lost, and we know they make dopamine, and we know that dopamine is important for good coordination, good automatic movement, why could we not replace those cells,\" Henchcliffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For some patients, the transplanted fetal cells produced dramatic improvements. But rigorous studies eventually showed that many other patients were not helped. And some developed an unwelcome side effect: uncontrolled movements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in 2003, researchers declared a moratorium on transplants for Parkinson's. \"There was a stepping back to re-evaluate what exactly just happened,\" Henchcliffe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That took a while. But it's clear now that over the long term, some patients really were helped by the procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henchliffe got to examine five people who'd received transplants more than 15 years earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These were patients with decades of Parkinson's disease, and I thought it was really striking that a subset actually seemed to be doing much better than one would expect,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, researchers never stopped looking for ways to make cell transplants safer and more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early transplants were pretty crude, Tabar says. One problem was that the cells came directly from the brains of fetuses, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What you were placing in the patient was just a soup of brain,\" she says. \"It did not have only the dopamine neurons, which exist in the tissue, but also several different types of cells.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those other cells may also have grown in the patients' brains, causing side effects, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prevent that sort of problem, scientists at Sloan Kettering have spent the past dozen years figuring out how to turn stem cells into pure lines of dopamine cells in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the transplanted fetal cells, these cells are an exact replacement for the neurons that produce dopamine in an adult brain, \"So you are confident that everything you are putting in the patient's brain will consist of right type of cell,\" Tabar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another advantage of lab-grown cells is that the supply is unlimited. \"Not only can we grow them, in fact we have almost 1,000 doses of these cells already sitting in a freezer,\" Tabar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tabar, along with her colleague and husband, Lorenz Studer, hope the Food and Drug Administration will give them permission to begin testing those cells in Parkinson's patients in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both have a financial stake in a startup that's funding the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, several other groups around the globe are also launching transplant studies. Researchers say a handful of patients in Australia have already received cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some scientists are worried that the renewed rush to make transplants work could lead to more disappointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Tabar says the time is right. \"On the one hand, you don't want to rush,\" she says. \"On the other hand I think the field is ready for something bold.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Brain+Cell+Transplants+Are+Being+Tested+Once+Again+For+Parkinson%27s&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/411005/radical-treatment-for-parkinsons-revived",
"authors": [
"byline_futureofyou_411005"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_1242"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_411006",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_417546": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_417546",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "417546",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1498867238000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1498867238,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Video: A Spectacular July 4th Firework Display ... in Frog Cells",
"title": "Video: A Spectacular July 4th Firework Display ... in Frog Cells",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Posted by Dr. Francis Collins, from the \u003ca href=\"https://directorsblog.nih.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NIH Director's Blog\u003c/a> ... a little microscopic July 4th celebration, with the help of a frog's egg and some added fireworks sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://videopress.com/embed/78LAPHGu\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video was made using a specialized microscope with a time-lapse camera, which captured proteins tagged with fluorescence in the midst of a critical step in the process of cell division. Here, you can see filaments called microtubules (red) form new branches (green) and fan out. This is the process by which chromosomes replicate and get pulled in two directions to form two cells from one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabine Petry at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, is leading the team doing this experiment. They are studying the dynamics of microtubules in an extract of cell fluid taken from the egg of an \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaherps.com/frogs/pages/x.laevis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">African clawed frog\u003c/a> (Xenopus laevis).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins continues ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Petry’s ultimate goal is to learn how to build mitotic spindles, molecule by molecule, in the lab. Such an achievement would mark a major step forward in understanding the complicated mechanics of cell division, which, when disrupted, can cause cancer and many other health problems.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The video was originally shown at the \u003ca href=\"http://arts.princeton.edu/events/2017-art-science-exhibition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2017 Art of Science exhibition\u003c/a> at Princeton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "417546 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=417546",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/06/30/video-july-4th-fireworks-or-are-they/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 206,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1499182987,
"excerpt": "A microscopic July 4th celebration, with the help of a frog's egg and a fireworks soundtrack.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A microscopic July 4th celebration, with the help of a frog's egg and a fireworks soundtrack.",
"title": "Video: A Spectacular July 4th Firework Display ... in Frog Cells | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Video: A Spectacular July 4th Firework Display ... in Frog Cells",
"datePublished": "2017-06-30T17:00:38-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-07-04T08:43:07-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "video-july-4th-fireworks-or-are-they",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/417546/video-july-4th-fireworks-or-are-they",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Posted by Dr. Francis Collins, from the \u003ca href=\"https://directorsblog.nih.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NIH Director's Blog\u003c/a> ... a little microscopic July 4th celebration, with the help of a frog's egg and some added fireworks sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://videopress.com/embed/78LAPHGu\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video was made using a specialized microscope with a time-lapse camera, which captured proteins tagged with fluorescence in the midst of a critical step in the process of cell division. Here, you can see filaments called microtubules (red) form new branches (green) and fan out. This is the process by which chromosomes replicate and get pulled in two directions to form two cells from one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sabine Petry at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, is leading the team doing this experiment. They are studying the dynamics of microtubules in an extract of cell fluid taken from the egg of an \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaherps.com/frogs/pages/x.laevis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">African clawed frog\u003c/a> (Xenopus laevis).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins continues ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Petry’s ultimate goal is to learn how to build mitotic spindles, molecule by molecule, in the lab. Such an achievement would mark a major step forward in understanding the complicated mechanics of cell division, which, when disrupted, can cause cancer and many other health problems.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The video was originally shown at the \u003ca href=\"http://arts.princeton.edu/events/2017-art-science-exhibition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2017 Art of Science exhibition\u003c/a> at Princeton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/417546/video-july-4th-fireworks-or-are-they",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1319",
"futureofyou_1320",
"futureofyou_1212"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_418200",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_415148": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_415148",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "415148",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1498660244000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1498660244,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Researcher Explains What 'Inside Out' Got Wrong About Emotions",
"title": "Researcher Explains What 'Inside Out' Got Wrong About Emotions",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Everything you thought you knew about the brain and emotions is basically wrong, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.northeastern.edu/cos/faculty/lisa-feldman-barrett/\">Lisa Feldman Barrett\u003c/a>, a distinguished professor of psychology at Northeastern University. Unlike the portrayal in the Pixar movie \"Inside Out,\" we don’t experience happiness, sadness, disgust, anger and other feelings as simple reactions to events, or even as discrete emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are some emotions that some cultures have that other cultures don’t.' \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rather, we construct our emotions from past experiences and vary them based on input, Barrett says. The brain constructs emotions the same way it creates experiences of color based on wavelengths of light. When the brain processes new life experience, it produces new variations in emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barrett \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/04/11/emotions-are-a-construct-of-the-brain-says-psychologist-lisa-feldman-barrett/\">recently spoke with\u003c/a> Michael Krasny, the host of KQED’s Forum radio show, to discuss why law enforcement’s playbook for \"reading\" emotions in body language is flawed, why particular emotions improve memory and keep the brain young, and how an autistic brain processes emotions differently from a neurotypical one. Her new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/lisa-feldman-barrett/how-emotions-are-made\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain\u003c/a>,” explores these questions in depth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some excerpts from Barrett’s answers on the show, edited for length and readability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emotions Reside Everywhere – And Nowhere – in the Brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have been looking for the brain neurons that are devoted to sadness or fear for more than a century, and they haven’t been able to find them. Scientists used to believe that neurons embedded in the amygdala were the home of fear, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When it comes to emotion, variation is the norm – and every biological measure tells us that this is the case.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But we know that people can experience fear without a fully formed amygdala. And exactly the same networks are used when you’re angry, when you’re happy, when you’re thinking and remembering and so forth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve done a meta-analysis, finding every published paper, every brain imaging study where scientists are peering into the brain when people experience anger or fear or sadness. We statistically combined this result and found that there is no set of neurons anywhere in the brain, no region, that is dedicated to any single emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When It Comes to Body Language, ‘Reading’ Emotions Can Be Misleading\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have been searching for the physical pattern for anger or sadness \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>does your heart rate rise? Do you sweat? Do you frown? Do you smile? Different patterns in different emotions. So, the stereotype of anger is that you scowl, your cheeks get red, your blood pressure goes up, maybe you start to breathe more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you cultivate new experiences of gratitude or of awe, or even of anger ... you are seeding your brain to have more control, more choice, the next time you’re in a similar situation.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But scientists have discovered that people do lots of things in anger. People can tremble in anger, jump in anger. They can scream in anger. They can even laugh in the face of anger. Similarly, people smile when they’re sad. They scream when they’re happy. When it comes to emotion, variation is the norm \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>and every biological measure tells us that this is the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we know about the research is that there is a particular kind of experimental method that when you use it, can make it look as if everybody scowls in anger and can recognize others scowling in anger. But when you use methods that mirror what people do in everyday life a bit better, you see that people don’t make a single expression in anger\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Brains ‘Construct’ Emotions By Guessing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perceivers are making guesses in the blink of an eye about what the facial movements mean. And understanding that you’re really guessing really changes how you read emotion in other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our brain is using our past experiences to automatically guess what a facial movement means in terms of emotion. Brains are organized in a way that allows you to predict. So every sight, every smell, everything you experience including emotion, your brain is making a prediction, using past experience, about what sensations are going to happen next. And then it uses the input from the world and from your body to either confirm the experience, or to change those predictions. [contextly_sidebar id=\"Mirfbm4R13idJYXpyHxaAsSdAJIDMos4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain is a really interesting example. Scientists who study pain have defined it as an emotion. There are sensations, and your brain is trying to make sense of where those sensations come from. An ache in your body, for example, can be disgust, can be longing for someone that you miss. It can be anger. It can also be hunger. It can be nausea, or simple fatigue. Your brain is constantly guessing, and using your past experience, it usually guesses pretty well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harnessing the Brain’s Predictive Capacities to Alter Your Emotions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can use to your advantage that variation is the norm, in that you can cultivate new experiences of emotion. So if it’s the case that your brain is using past experience to construct your experiences in the present, then anything new that you construct in the present will seed your brain to construct those experiences more effortlessly in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you cultivate new experiences of gratitude or of awe, or even of anger\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span> where what your body feels like is different, but also what you do is different \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>then you are seeding your brain to have more control, more choice, the next time you’re in a similar situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emotions Are Subject to Cultural Variation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes an emotion like sadness can mean something very different in one culture than another. And there are some emotions that some cultures have that other cultures don’t. So for example, there’s an emotion, \"gezellig,\" a Dutch word that means to feel coziness and comfort with those whom you love. It’s not that we can’t make that emotion, but our brains have to take experiences from the past and combine them in new ways to make that experience. This is what cognitive scientists call “conceptual combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You and I can make \"gezellig,\" but look at how long it’s taken for me to describe it to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Pushing Through Discomfort Keeps the Brain Young\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were doing research on the ways in which feelings influence memory, because we know that there aren’t dedicated parts of the brain for memory or for feeling. So it seemed evident that as people age, they rely more on their feelings as a guide for what to pay attention to and what to remember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we were running these experiments and what was noticed was in our sample of elderly participants, people over 65, about half of them on standard tests for memory in a way that was indistinguishable from the average 25-year-old. We found this to be exciting, because we’re really interested in trying to understand what the contributions are to successful aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were doing brain imaging studies and we noticed a whole suite of brain regions that were not just thicker but also better connected in these “super-agers” when compared to the typical elderly participant. And then when we compared the “super-agers'’” brains to young people, we noticed no differences. So not only did they have youthful memory, they had youthful brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Your brain is constantly guessing, and using your past experience, it usually guesses pretty well.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This makes a link between how well your brain is controlling the systems of your body and how good your memory is. These regions are also good for creating the simple feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness that come from your body. What we think is going on is that super-agers have really good memories because when they start to feel uncomfortable in doing a hard task, instead of stopping, super-agers take this feeling of yuckiness as a cue to work harder. Discomfort may be a sign of weakness leaving the brain. So if you work hard and push through the yuck, we think the likelihood is that will be very good for your memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Connection Between Emotions and Treating Autism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are studies that have children or adolescents on the autism spectrum, where they teach children to recognize a scowl as anger, to recognize a pout as sadness, and so on. But their ability to learn these faces does not translate into improved social and emotional functioning in everyday life. The reason why is, people rarely scowl in anger and they rarely pout in sadness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have known all along that this training in stereotypes is not going to prepare kids for social and emotional functioning in the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s interesting about brains of individuals who are on the autism spectrum is that unlike a neurotypical brain, which uses past experience to predict what’s about to happen, brains of people who are on the autistic spectrum aren’t structured to predict very well. As a consequence, they have very high levels of anxiety, because they’re unable to make sense of a lot of the sensory information in their world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "415148 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=415148",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/06/28/researcher-explains-what-inside-out-got-wrong-about-emotions/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1601,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 33
},
"modified": 1498613104,
"excerpt": "Our brains 'construct' emotions based on past experiences and predictions. Which means we can also cultivate new, helpful emotions, says psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Our brains 'construct' emotions based on past experiences and predictions. Which means we can also cultivate new, helpful emotions, says psychologist Lisa Feldman Barrett. ",
"title": "Researcher Explains What 'Inside Out' Got Wrong About Emotions | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Researcher Explains What 'Inside Out' Got Wrong About Emotions",
"datePublished": "2017-06-28T07:30:44-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-06-27T18:25:04-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "researcher-explains-what-inside-out-got-wrong-about-emotions",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/415148/researcher-explains-what-inside-out-got-wrong-about-emotions",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Everything you thought you knew about the brain and emotions is basically wrong, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.northeastern.edu/cos/faculty/lisa-feldman-barrett/\">Lisa Feldman Barrett\u003c/a>, a distinguished professor of psychology at Northeastern University. Unlike the portrayal in the Pixar movie \"Inside Out,\" we don’t experience happiness, sadness, disgust, anger and other feelings as simple reactions to events, or even as discrete emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are some emotions that some cultures have that other cultures don’t.' \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Rather, we construct our emotions from past experiences and vary them based on input, Barrett says. The brain constructs emotions the same way it creates experiences of color based on wavelengths of light. When the brain processes new life experience, it produces new variations in emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barrett \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/04/11/emotions-are-a-construct-of-the-brain-says-psychologist-lisa-feldman-barrett/\">recently spoke with\u003c/a> Michael Krasny, the host of KQED’s Forum radio show, to discuss why law enforcement’s playbook for \"reading\" emotions in body language is flawed, why particular emotions improve memory and keep the brain young, and how an autistic brain processes emotions differently from a neurotypical one. Her new book, “\u003ca href=\"https://www.panmacmillan.com/authors/lisa-feldman-barrett/how-emotions-are-made\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">How Emotions are Made: The Secret Life of the Brain\u003c/a>,” explores these questions in depth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some excerpts from Barrett’s answers on the show, edited for length and readability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emotions Reside Everywhere – And Nowhere – in the Brain\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have been looking for the brain neurons that are devoted to sadness or fear for more than a century, and they haven’t been able to find them. Scientists used to believe that neurons embedded in the amygdala were the home of fear, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When it comes to emotion, variation is the norm – and every biological measure tells us that this is the case.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But we know that people can experience fear without a fully formed amygdala. And exactly the same networks are used when you’re angry, when you’re happy, when you’re thinking and remembering and so forth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve done a meta-analysis, finding every published paper, every brain imaging study where scientists are peering into the brain when people experience anger or fear or sadness. We statistically combined this result and found that there is no set of neurons anywhere in the brain, no region, that is dedicated to any single emotion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When It Comes to Body Language, ‘Reading’ Emotions Can Be Misleading\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have been searching for the physical pattern for anger or sadness \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>does your heart rate rise? Do you sweat? Do you frown? Do you smile? Different patterns in different emotions. So, the stereotype of anger is that you scowl, your cheeks get red, your blood pressure goes up, maybe you start to breathe more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If you cultivate new experiences of gratitude or of awe, or even of anger ... you are seeding your brain to have more control, more choice, the next time you’re in a similar situation.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But scientists have discovered that people do lots of things in anger. People can tremble in anger, jump in anger. They can scream in anger. They can even laugh in the face of anger. Similarly, people smile when they’re sad. They scream when they’re happy. When it comes to emotion, variation is the norm \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>and every biological measure tells us that this is the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we know about the research is that there is a particular kind of experimental method that when you use it, can make it look as if everybody scowls in anger and can recognize others scowling in anger. But when you use methods that mirror what people do in everyday life a bit better, you see that people don’t make a single expression in anger\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Our Brains ‘Construct’ Emotions By Guessing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perceivers are making guesses in the blink of an eye about what the facial movements mean. And understanding that you’re really guessing really changes how you read emotion in other people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our brain is using our past experiences to automatically guess what a facial movement means in terms of emotion. Brains are organized in a way that allows you to predict. So every sight, every smell, everything you experience including emotion, your brain is making a prediction, using past experience, about what sensations are going to happen next. And then it uses the input from the world and from your body to either confirm the experience, or to change those predictions. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pain is a really interesting example. Scientists who study pain have defined it as an emotion. There are sensations, and your brain is trying to make sense of where those sensations come from. An ache in your body, for example, can be disgust, can be longing for someone that you miss. It can be anger. It can also be hunger. It can be nausea, or simple fatigue. Your brain is constantly guessing, and using your past experience, it usually guesses pretty well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harnessing the Brain’s Predictive Capacities to Alter Your Emotions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can use to your advantage that variation is the norm, in that you can cultivate new experiences of emotion. So if it’s the case that your brain is using past experience to construct your experiences in the present, then anything new that you construct in the present will seed your brain to construct those experiences more effortlessly in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if you cultivate new experiences of gratitude or of awe, or even of anger\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span> where what your body feels like is different, but also what you do is different \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>then you are seeding your brain to have more control, more choice, the next time you’re in a similar situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Emotions Are Subject to Cultural Variation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes an emotion like sadness can mean something very different in one culture than another. And there are some emotions that some cultures have that other cultures don’t. So for example, there’s an emotion, \"gezellig,\" a Dutch word that means to feel coziness and comfort with those whom you love. It’s not that we can’t make that emotion, but our brains have to take experiences from the past and combine them in new ways to make that experience. This is what cognitive scientists call “conceptual combination.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You and I can make \"gezellig,\" but look at how long it’s taken for me to describe it to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Pushing Through Discomfort Keeps the Brain Young\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were doing research on the ways in which feelings influence memory, because we know that there aren’t dedicated parts of the brain for memory or for feeling. So it seemed evident that as people age, they rely more on their feelings as a guide for what to pay attention to and what to remember.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we were running these experiments and what was noticed was in our sample of elderly participants, people over 65, about half of them on standard tests for memory in a way that was indistinguishable from the average 25-year-old. We found this to be exciting, because we’re really interested in trying to understand what the contributions are to successful aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were doing brain imaging studies and we noticed a whole suite of brain regions that were not just thicker but also better connected in these “super-agers” when compared to the typical elderly participant. And then when we compared the “super-agers'’” brains to young people, we noticed no differences. So not only did they have youthful memory, they had youthful brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Your brain is constantly guessing, and using your past experience, it usually guesses pretty well.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This makes a link between how well your brain is controlling the systems of your body and how good your memory is. These regions are also good for creating the simple feelings of pleasantness and unpleasantness that come from your body. What we think is going on is that super-agers have really good memories because when they start to feel uncomfortable in doing a hard task, instead of stopping, super-agers take this feeling of yuckiness as a cue to work harder. Discomfort may be a sign of weakness leaving the brain. So if you work hard and push through the yuck, we think the likelihood is that will be very good for your memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Connection Between Emotions and Treating Autism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are studies that have children or adolescents on the autism spectrum, where they teach children to recognize a scowl as anger, to recognize a pout as sadness, and so on. But their ability to learn these faces does not translate into improved social and emotional functioning in everyday life. The reason why is, people rarely scowl in anger and they rarely pout in sadness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have known all along that this training in stereotypes is not going to prepare kids for social and emotional functioning in the real world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s interesting about brains of individuals who are on the autism spectrum is that unlike a neurotypical brain, which uses past experience to predict what’s about to happen, brains of people who are on the autistic spectrum aren’t structured to predict very well. As a consequence, they have very high levels of anxiety, because they’re unable to make sense of a lot of the sensory information in their world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/415148/researcher-explains-what-inside-out-got-wrong-about-emotions",
"authors": [
"8664"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_555",
"futureofyou_1316",
"futureofyou_56",
"futureofyou_1314",
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_1315",
"futureofyou_1317"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_415174",
"label": "futureofyou"
},
"futureofyou_415240": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "futureofyou_415240",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "415240",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1498261492000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "futureofyou"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1498261492,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Is There a Place for Idealism in Silicon Valley? A Tale of Early Yahoo",
"title": "Is There a Place for Idealism in Silicon Valley? A Tale of Early Yahoo",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">I worked at Yahoo for just four years, but they were the glory years --\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>1996-2000, before Google ate its lunch -- and its breakfast and dinner, too. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I wanted to remain editorially pure but was nonetheless delighted to cash in my ever-more valuable stock options.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Back then, as companies were discovering just how much marketing could be done on the Web, and teens concluded you weren’t anyone until you put up your own Sailor Moon fan page (see \u003ca href=\"https://www.viz.com/sailor-moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>, '90s fans), we intrepid band of early Yahoo employees engaged in a most quixotic quest: organizing and interpreting the online world so the public could make the best use of it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">We know the rest of the story, which essentially has now \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/13/532772877/verizon-closes-the-yahoo-deal-yahoo-ceo-marissa-mayer-resigns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ended\u003c/a>.(Here’s a piece called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2017/06/yahoo-s-12-biggest-mistakes.html\">Yahoo’s 12 Biggest mistakes\u003c/a>.” That you have to click through a dozen separate photos to view all 12 says a lot about what’s gone wrong on the Web since 1996.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But I want to talk about that early team of employees and what happened to them as Yahoo transitioned from promising startup to global media giant, because I think it says something about the natural evolution from idealism to not-so-much in Silicon Valley. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The department I worked in was called Surfing (that’s what it said on my business card), a reference to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/30/when-did-we-stop-surfing-the-web/?utm_term=.a5ede6c1a9ef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earliest metaphors\u003c/a> for losing oneself on the web. When I joined, this group made up more than a third of the company. Mostly, we were in charge of creating Yahoo’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/07/yahoo-directory-shutting-down/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now-defunct\u003c/a> directory of websites, the main “product” Yahoo offered in this pre-Google epoch, when Internet search was primitive.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_411257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 896px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-411257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"896\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer.jpg 896w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-768x507.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adam Brosamer, a Yahoo surfer, at the office in 2001. \u003ccite>(Thomas Rogers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The vast majority of these early web workers were not hardcore techies. They’d been recruited to categorize the tsunami of website submissions with which Yahoo was exponentially inundated, and they came from the ranks of library school students, bookstore clerks, and other professions fated to result in the semi-penury of liberal arts life. Remember the movie \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9f9M6UAYb0\">Slacker\u003c/a>,\" about eccentric 20-somethings wandering desultorily through Austin? Give those characters a steady salary, health insurance and a chance to indulge their various monomanias, and that was the Surfing department.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">While each surfer had his or her own particular specialty -- music, movies, sports, religion -- the organization of the directory was a decidedly community affair, with email debates lasting days on end about the creation of a new category or the renaming of another. While some of these discussions were arcane and no doubt resulted in tens of thousands of dollars in opportunity costs, they could also be freighted with political implications. For example, should the category of\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>websites opposed to abortion be called “anti-choice,” “pro-life,” or “anti-abortion”? Do we \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2012/11/19/why-its-such-a-big-deal-that-obama-said-myanmar-rather-than-burma/?utm_term=.9a86bb2e872c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">call it\u003c/a> “Myanmar” or “Burma?\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_412802\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 896px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-412802\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"896\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo.jpg 896w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-768x507.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yahoo surfer Becky Uline, in 2001.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">At the time, Yahoo was the only game in town when it came to putting the web into some coherent state, so the surfers felt a deep responsibility to consider all sides and get it right. What was at stake, they felt, was nothing less than how people view the world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The ethos of early-Yahoo was also one of radical free speech and inclusion: Any website was eligible for placement on any topic, with two notable exceptions: bomb-making and child pornography. Multiple websites about the truth behind JFK's assassination? Create a category. Submissions devoted to wearing diapers as a sexual fetish? Create a category. Websites dedicated to slamming a particular corporation? Category.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">These precepts, as much as the exclamation point at the end of its name and the garish colors it favored in its design, were intrinsic to Yahoo's brand. The public really \u003cem>liked\u003c/em> Yahoo because it was so blatantly egalitarian, such an earnest and enthusiastic steward of every byte of information that came its way. All the news that's fit to print, Yahoo seemed to say, was now \u003cem>everything\u003c/em>. And that included \u003cem>your\u003c/em> interests, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_411263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 745px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-411263\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"745\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen.png 745w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen-160x151.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen-240x226.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen-375x354.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen-520x491.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Yahoo! home page, Feb. 8, 1999. \u003ccite>(Internet Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But as Yahoo grew, and its stock price soared to levels beyond all reason, the pressure to justify such lofty valuations increased. While the surfer-created directory remained the centerpiece of the Yahoo home page for quite some time, the business and product people whom Yahoo was hiring in droves had bigger fish to fry than arguing over \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexuality_of_William_Shakespeare#call.)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">whether it was legitimate\u003c/a> to cross-reference the William Shakespeare category into the LGBT section. (Note: Real debate.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">[contextly_sidebar id=\"DaJ5lrQQeQ3T4WcRHofL5V1mirZ00Xao\"]I myself became embroiled in internal controversies connected to this rapidly changing culture. I edited a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20021001074344/http://story.news.yahoo.com:80/fc?tmpl=fc&cid=34&in=top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">section\u003c/a> devoted to aggregating and curating websites around particular news topics, and had many run-ins with the product people in charge of creating partnerships for Yahoo’s own news offerings, which at the time consisted mostly of articles from Reuters and AP. All of these employees were well-meaning, talented and smart, but the conflict arose because our jobs were fundamentally contradictory. While my task was to present a comprehensive picture of, say, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, by presenting articles from both Israeli and Arab newspapers, theirs was to keep people within the bounds of Yahoo’s proprietary content for as long as possible, so the company could sell more ads. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">(Th\u003c/span>ere was some hypocrisy involved on my part: I wanted\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> to remain editorially pure but was nonetheless delighted to cash in my ever-more valuable stock options, which kept increasing because someone was keeping their eye on the bottom line.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Eventually, the surfing department dwindled until it was completely marginal to Yahoo's business. Google's advanced search technology had rendered the surfers obsolete, and the surfing department slowly died. Some, having made a lot of money in the dotcom boom, left of their own accord, others were swept away through layoffs. But it wasn't just a bunch of liberal arts flakes the company was losing -- \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">the ideals they had embodied were lost, as well, attenuating until they only existed as boilerplate language on company press releases. \u003c/span>Near the end of my tenure, I sat in on a brainstorming session in which someone kept mentioning the names of media companies we could form partnerships with, without once ever mentioning the actual \u003ci>product\u003c/i> such a partnership would create. In frustration, a manager, from the old days, interjected: “Stop talking about partnerships and start talking about what would be \u003ci>useful\u003c/i> to our users.” A few years later, during a contracting stint, I noted that so-called editorial meetings revolved entirely around which piece of content would entice users to click on it and why; nary a moment was squandered on its actual editorial worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">So, how is this history relevant today? Well, recently I interviewed B.J. Fogg, who runs the Stanford Persuasive Tech Lab, dedicated to teaching tech folks -- including at one time the co-founder of Instagram -- how to attract and keep users on websites and apps. I was writing about a topic that's been getting a lot of play-- the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/25/tristan-harris-brain-hacking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">claim by some tech insiders\u003c/a> that Facebook and other companies are using designs that trigger compulsivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fogg said he got to know some of the early Facebook employees, and found them genuinely motivated by a desire to do good.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">“The individual people at Facebook,\" he recalled, \"the people that I met, really wanted to make the world more harmonious, bring people together, create empathy and so on.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">But, he continued, “O\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">ften [Facebook’s] business goals can be at odds with the human-centered approach to design. There’s a conflict there between what they need to do as an advertising company and what’s going to be really good for people.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Idealistic goals are frequently espoused by bluetooth-wearing tech CEOs at conferences and TED Talks. (Take a look at Elizabeth Holmes of Theranos, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZTfgXYjj-A&ab_channel=PanaceaSciences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">placing her company\u003c/a> squarely in the realm of “patient empowerment,\" for an ironic example of the genre.) But once the IPO launches, is there really\u003ci> \u003c/i>any room for idealism?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">I think it says something that the web project with the ethos closest to that of early Yahoo is Wikipedia, a nonprofit created almost entirely by unpaid volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">What made Yahoo so cool at its start is that it literally was doing well by doing good. But in retrospect, I think that was the case because at the dawn of the commercial web those ideals happened to intersect with a good business model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When a better one -- or the perception of a better one -- came along, that idealism \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">went 404\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "415240 https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/?p=415240",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/06/23/is-there-a-place-for-idealism-in-silicon-valley-a-tale-of-the-early-web/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1544,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 2
},
"modified": 1553210305,
"excerpt": "A look back at Yahoo's earliest days, when an ethos of radical inclusion and free speech drove its popularity.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A look back at Yahoo's earliest days, when an ethos of radical inclusion and free speech drove its popularity.",
"title": "Is There a Place for Idealism in Silicon Valley? A Tale of Early Yahoo | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Is There a Place for Idealism in Silicon Valley? A Tale of Early Yahoo",
"datePublished": "2017-06-23T16:44:52-07:00",
"dateModified": "2019-03-21T16:18:25-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "is-there-a-place-for-idealism-in-silicon-valley-a-tale-of-the-early-web",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/futureofyou/415240/is-there-a-place-for-idealism-in-silicon-valley-a-tale-of-the-early-web",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">I worked at Yahoo for just four years, but they were the glory years --\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>1996-2000, before Google ate its lunch -- and its breakfast and dinner, too. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I wanted to remain editorially pure but was nonetheless delighted to cash in my ever-more valuable stock options.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Back then, as companies were discovering just how much marketing could be done on the Web, and teens concluded you weren’t anyone until you put up your own Sailor Moon fan page (see \u003ca href=\"https://www.viz.com/sailor-moon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>, '90s fans), we intrepid band of early Yahoo employees engaged in a most quixotic quest: organizing and interpreting the online world so the public could make the best use of it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">We know the rest of the story, which essentially has now \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/13/532772877/verizon-closes-the-yahoo-deal-yahoo-ceo-marissa-mayer-resigns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ended\u003c/a>.(Here’s a piece called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/bizwomen/news/latest-news/2017/06/yahoo-s-12-biggest-mistakes.html\">Yahoo’s 12 Biggest mistakes\u003c/a>.” That you have to click through a dozen separate photos to view all 12 says a lot about what’s gone wrong on the Web since 1996.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But I want to talk about that early team of employees and what happened to them as Yahoo transitioned from promising startup to global media giant, because I think it says something about the natural evolution from idealism to not-so-much in Silicon Valley. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The department I worked in was called Surfing (that’s what it said on my business card), a reference to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/30/when-did-we-stop-surfing-the-web/?utm_term=.a5ede6c1a9ef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">earliest metaphors\u003c/a> for losing oneself on the web. When I joined, this group made up more than a third of the company. Mostly, we were in charge of creating Yahoo’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/07/yahoo-directory-shutting-down/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">now-defunct\u003c/a> directory of websites, the main “product” Yahoo offered in this pre-Google epoch, when Internet search was primitive.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_411257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 896px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-411257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"896\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer.jpg 896w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-768x507.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/adambrosamer-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Adam Brosamer, a Yahoo surfer, at the office in 2001. \u003ccite>(Thomas Rogers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The vast majority of these early web workers were not hardcore techies. They’d been recruited to categorize the tsunami of website submissions with which Yahoo was exponentially inundated, and they came from the ranks of library school students, bookstore clerks, and other professions fated to result in the semi-penury of liberal arts life. Remember the movie \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r9f9M6UAYb0\">Slacker\u003c/a>,\" about eccentric 20-somethings wandering desultorily through Austin? Give those characters a steady salary, health insurance and a chance to indulge their various monomanias, and that was the Surfing department.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">While each surfer had his or her own particular specialty -- music, movies, sports, religion -- the organization of the directory was a decidedly community affair, with email debates lasting days on end about the creation of a new category or the renaming of another. While some of these discussions were arcane and no doubt resulted in tens of thousands of dollars in opportunity costs, they could also be freighted with political implications. For example, should the category of\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>websites opposed to abortion be called “anti-choice,” “pro-life,” or “anti-abortion”? Do we \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2012/11/19/why-its-such-a-big-deal-that-obama-said-myanmar-rather-than-burma/?utm_term=.9a86bb2e872c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">call it\u003c/a> “Myanmar” or “Burma?\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_412802\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 896px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-412802\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"896\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo.jpg 896w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-768x507.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/beckyyahoo-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 896px) 100vw, 896px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yahoo surfer Becky Uline, in 2001.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">At the time, Yahoo was the only game in town when it came to putting the web into some coherent state, so the surfers felt a deep responsibility to consider all sides and get it right. What was at stake, they felt, was nothing less than how people view the world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The ethos of early-Yahoo was also one of radical free speech and inclusion: Any website was eligible for placement on any topic, with two notable exceptions: bomb-making and child pornography. Multiple websites about the truth behind JFK's assassination? Create a category. Submissions devoted to wearing diapers as a sexual fetish? Create a category. Websites dedicated to slamming a particular corporation? Category.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">These precepts, as much as the exclamation point at the end of its name and the garish colors it favored in its design, were intrinsic to Yahoo's brand. The public really \u003cem>liked\u003c/em> Yahoo because it was so blatantly egalitarian, such an earnest and enthusiastic steward of every byte of information that came its way. All the news that's fit to print, Yahoo seemed to say, was now \u003cem>everything\u003c/em>. And that included \u003cem>your\u003c/em> interests, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_411263\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 745px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-411263\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"745\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen.png 745w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen-160x151.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen-240x226.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen-375x354.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/yahooscreen-520x491.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 745px) 100vw, 745px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Yahoo! home page, Feb. 8, 1999. \u003ccite>(Internet Archive)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But as Yahoo grew, and its stock price soared to levels beyond all reason, the pressure to justify such lofty valuations increased. While the surfer-created directory remained the centerpiece of the Yahoo home page for quite some time, the business and product people whom Yahoo was hiring in droves had bigger fish to fry than arguing over \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexuality_of_William_Shakespeare#call.)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">whether it was legitimate\u003c/a> to cross-reference the William Shakespeare category into the LGBT section. (Note: Real debate.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>I myself became embroiled in internal controversies connected to this rapidly changing culture. I edited a \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20021001074344/http://story.news.yahoo.com:80/fc?tmpl=fc&cid=34&in=top\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">section\u003c/a> devoted to aggregating and curating websites around particular news topics, and had many run-ins with the product people in charge of creating partnerships for Yahoo’s own news offerings, which at the time consisted mostly of articles from Reuters and AP. All of these employees were well-meaning, talented and smart, but the conflict arose because our jobs were fundamentally contradictory. While my task was to present a comprehensive picture of, say, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, by presenting articles from both Israeli and Arab newspapers, theirs was to keep people within the bounds of Yahoo’s proprietary content for as long as possible, so the company could sell more ads. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">(Th\u003c/span>ere was some hypocrisy involved on my part: I wanted\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> to remain editorially pure but was nonetheless delighted to cash in my ever-more valuable stock options, which kept increasing because someone was keeping their eye on the bottom line.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Eventually, the surfing department dwindled until it was completely marginal to Yahoo's business. Google's advanced search technology had rendered the surfers obsolete, and the surfing department slowly died. Some, having made a lot of money in the dotcom boom, left of their own accord, others were swept away through layoffs. But it wasn't just a bunch of liberal arts flakes the company was losing -- \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">the ideals they had embodied were lost, as well, attenuating until they only existed as boilerplate language on company press releases. \u003c/span>Near the end of my tenure, I sat in on a brainstorming session in which someone kept mentioning the names of media companies we could form partnerships with, without once ever mentioning the actual \u003ci>product\u003c/i> such a partnership would create. In frustration, a manager, from the old days, interjected: “Stop talking about partnerships and start talking about what would be \u003ci>useful\u003c/i> to our users.” A few years later, during a contracting stint, I noted that so-called editorial meetings revolved entirely around which piece of content would entice users to click on it and why; nary a moment was squandered on its actual editorial worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">So, how is this history relevant today? Well, recently I interviewed B.J. Fogg, who runs the Stanford Persuasive Tech Lab, dedicated to teaching tech folks -- including at one time the co-founder of Instagram -- how to attract and keep users on websites and apps. I was writing about a topic that's been getting a lot of play-- the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/25/tristan-harris-brain-hacking/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">claim by some tech insiders\u003c/a> that Facebook and other companies are using designs that trigger compulsivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fogg said he got to know some of the early Facebook employees, and found them genuinely motivated by a desire to do good.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">“The individual people at Facebook,\" he recalled, \"the people that I met, really wanted to make the world more harmonious, bring people together, create empathy and so on.\" \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p6\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">But, he continued, “O\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">ften [Facebook’s] business goals can be at odds with the human-centered approach to design. There’s a conflict there between what they need to do as an advertising company and what’s going to be really good for people.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Idealistic goals are frequently espoused by bluetooth-wearing tech CEOs at conferences and TED Talks. (Take a look at Elizabeth Holmes of Theranos, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZTfgXYjj-A&ab_channel=PanaceaSciences\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">placing her company\u003c/a> squarely in the realm of “patient empowerment,\" for an ironic example of the genre.) But once the IPO launches, is there really\u003ci> \u003c/i>any room for idealism?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">I think it says something that the web project with the ethos closest to that of early Yahoo is Wikipedia, a nonprofit created almost entirely by unpaid volunteers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">What made Yahoo so cool at its start is that it literally was doing well by doing good. But in retrospect, I think that was the case because at the dawn of the commercial web those ideals happened to intersect with a good business model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">When a better one -- or the perception of a better one -- came along, that idealism \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTTP_404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">went 404\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/futureofyou/415240/is-there-a-place-for-idealism-in-silicon-valley-a-tale-of-the-early-web",
"authors": [
"80"
],
"categories": [
"futureofyou_1"
],
"tags": [
"futureofyou_1275",
"futureofyou_1307"
],
"featImg": "futureofyou_411134",
"label": "futureofyou"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/futureofyou?category=future-of-you": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 396,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 809,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"futureofyou_425262",
"futureofyou_420143",
"futureofyou_427393",
"futureofyou_425267",
"futureofyou_418097",
"futureofyou_411008",
"futureofyou_421301",
"futureofyou_411014",
"futureofyou_411005",
"futureofyou_417546",
"futureofyou_415148",
"futureofyou_415240"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou_category_future-of-you": {
"isLoading": true
},
"futureofyou_1": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED Future Of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED Future Of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/future-of-you"
},
"source_futureofyou_420143": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_420143",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_418097": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_418097",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_futureofyou_421301": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_futureofyou_421301",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KQED Future of You",
"isLoading": false
},
"futureofyou_1062": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1062",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1062",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Hope/Hype",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Hope/Hype Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1062,
"slug": "hopehype",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/hopehype"
},
"futureofyou_73": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_73",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "73",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KQED News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KQED News Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 73,
"slug": "kqed-news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/kqed-news"
},
"futureofyou_94": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_94",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "94",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "CRISPR",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "CRISPR Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 94,
"slug": "crispr",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/crispr"
},
"futureofyou_80": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_80",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "80",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kqedscience",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kqedscience Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 80,
"slug": "kqedscience",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kqedscience"
},
"futureofyou_452": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_452",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "452",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health Policy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 452,
"slug": "health-policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/category/health-policy"
},
"futureofyou_190": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_190",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "190",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "doctors",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "doctors Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 190,
"slug": "doctors",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/doctors"
},
"futureofyou_794": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_794",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "794",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "electronic health records",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "electronic health records Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 794,
"slug": "electronic-health-records",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/electronic-health-records"
},
"futureofyou_1275": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1275",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1275",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1275,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/featured"
},
"futureofyou_177": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_177",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "177",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "hospitals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "hospitals Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 177,
"slug": "hospitals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/hospitals"
},
"futureofyou_54": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_54",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "54",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Future of You",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "program",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Future of You Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 54,
"slug": "future-of-you",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/program/future-of-you"
},
"futureofyou_999": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_999",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "999",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Alzheimer's",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Alzheimer's Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 999,
"slug": "alzheimers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/alzheimers"
},
"futureofyou_1023": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1023",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1023",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "dementia",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "dementia Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1023,
"slug": "dementia",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/dementia"
},
"futureofyou_756": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_756",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "756",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "race",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "race Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 756,
"slug": "race",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/race"
},
"futureofyou_1130": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1130",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1130",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "blindness",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "blindness Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1130,
"slug": "blindness",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/blindness"
},
"futureofyou_226": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_226",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "226",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "google glass",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "google glass Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 226,
"slug": "google-glass",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/google-glass"
},
"futureofyou_845": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_845",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "845",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drones",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drones Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 845,
"slug": "drones",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/drones"
},
"futureofyou_1322": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1322",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1322",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ibuprofen",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ibuprofen Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1322,
"slug": "ibuprofen",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/ibuprofen"
},
"futureofyou_1323": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1323",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1323",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "kidneys",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "kidneys Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1323,
"slug": "kidneys",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/kidneys"
},
"futureofyou_1321": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1321",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1321",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ultramarathon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ultramarathon Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1321,
"slug": "ultramarathon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/ultramarathon"
},
"futureofyou_1242": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1242",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1242",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Parkinson's",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Parkinson's Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1242,
"slug": "parkinsons",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/parkinsons"
},
"futureofyou_1319": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1319",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1319",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "cell division",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "cell division Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1319,
"slug": "cell-division",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/cell-division"
},
"futureofyou_1320": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1320",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1320",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fireworks",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fireworks Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1320,
"slug": "fireworks",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/fireworks"
},
"futureofyou_1212": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1212",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1212",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NIH",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "NIH Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1212,
"slug": "nih",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/nih"
},
"futureofyou_555": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_555",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "555",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "autism",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "autism Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 555,
"slug": "autism",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/autism"
},
"futureofyou_1316": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1316",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1316",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "body language",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "body language Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1316,
"slug": "body-language",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/body-language"
},
"futureofyou_56": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_56",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "56",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "brain",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "brain Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 56,
"slug": "brain",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/brain"
},
"futureofyou_1314": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1314",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1314",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "emotions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "emotions Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1314,
"slug": "emotions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/emotions"
},
"futureofyou_1315": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1315",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1315",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Forum",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Forum Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1315,
"slug": "forum",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/forum"
},
"futureofyou_1317": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1317",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1317",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "super-agers",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "super-agers Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1317,
"slug": "super-agers",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/super-agers"
},
"futureofyou_1307": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou_1307",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "futureofyou",
"id": "1307",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Yahoo",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Yahoo Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1307,
"slug": "yahoo",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/futureofyou/tag/yahoo"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}