Find lesson plans for high school and middle school that encourage critical thinking and are relevant to current events in social studies, science, and arts.
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"slug": "13-years-later-four-major-lasting-impacts-of-911",
"title": "How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan)",
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"content": "\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Your students are too young to have lived through the 9/11 attack, but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t impacted their lives. The \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/teachers/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\">Perspectives Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a> offers them a chance to tell their stories. Maybe they have a parent, older sibling or cousin who served in Afghanistan. Maybe they have seen anti-Muslim sentiment in their own communities. Invite them to share how 9/11 has affected their lives with the Perspectives Challenge. (Preview the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/curriculum/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">curriculum here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sept. 10, 2024\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-three years ago, the United States wasn’t officially engaged in any wars. Few of us had ever heard of al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden, and ISIS didn’t even exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We deported half the number of people we do today. Our surveillance state was a fraction of its current size. And — perhaps hardest to believe — we didn’t have to take off our shoes to go through airport security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in a dramatic change in our nation’s attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ushered in a new generation of policies like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/terrorism/homeland/patriotact.html\">USA Patriot Act\u003c/a>, prioritizing national security and defense, often at the expense of civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Sept-11-lesson-plan-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasting impacts of 9/11 lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These changes continue to have ripple effects across the globe, particularly in the Middle East, where American-led military operations helped foment rebellions and ongoing warfare throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four of the many dramatic impacts — nationwide and in California — resulting from the events of that one tragic day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>I. ‘Forever Wars’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after 9/11, U.S. troops invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to dismantle al-Qaeda — the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the attacks — and remove the Taliban government harboring it. Two years later, in March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and deposed President Saddam Hussein. Although not directly linked to the terrorist attacks, Hussein was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction (none were ever found). The invasion was a key part of America’s newly launched War on Terror, under the leadership of President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our military involvement in Afghanistan — which just ended calamitously last year, with the Taliban reclaiming control of the country — was the longest war in American history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zS0qENVESv0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December 2011, remaining U.S. troops were pulled out of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iraq\u003c/a>, leaving that nation in a far more volatile state than when military operations first began in 2003. But the U.S. soon after resumed intermittent air strikes following the emergence of the Islamic State extremist group, which sprouted from the chaos of war and terrorized the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the Bush Administration also opened the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba, where it began sending suspected enemy combatants. Held indefinitely, prisoners were denied access to trials or legal representation, and were subject to brutal interrogation techniques. There were more than 650 foreign inmates at the facility by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have long pushed to shut down the Guantanamo facility, calling it a gross violation of basic human rights and a stain on America’s image abroad. And although early in his first term, Obama vowed to close it — and significantly reduced the population\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>— he failed to completely shut it down. Former President Donald Trump was intent on keeping it open, and even sought, unsuccessfully, to refill it. Today, Guantanamo has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html?mcubz=1\">fewer than 40 prisoners\u003c/a>, but still remains operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 9/11, budgets for defense-related agencies skyrocketed: Homeland Security’s discretionary budget jumped from about $16 billion in 2002 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget-bib-fy2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than $43 billion\u003c/a> in 2011. Meanwhile, the budgets of the Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration and Border Patrol have all more than doubled since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, millions of young U.S. soldiers have been deployed overseas, thousands have been killed and many have returned home with debilitating physical and mental injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of post-9/11 U.S. military operations, some 7,000 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\">the latest figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Defense. That marks just a tiny fraction of total casualties in the two conflicts, which have claimed the lives of \u003ca href=\"https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/direct-war-death-toll-2001-801000\">hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of Iraqi and Afghan civilians, as well as contractors, journalists, allied troops and opposition fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more than 52,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq have been wounded in action over the last 20 years. And many more have returned home physically intact but suffering from severe long-term mental health issues, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and psychological ailments linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thousands of veterans of the two conflicts have taken their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is second only to Texas in its contribution of recruits to the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this year, 776 men and women from across the state have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, accounting for 11% of total U.S. casualties — more than any other state — according to an\u003ca href=\"http://projects.latimes.com/wardead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> LA Times database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Times reports, “Nearly 20% of California’s war dead were old enough to die for their country but too young to buy a drink. They left behind 453 children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of the 13 U.S. troops killed In the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-08-26/us-troops-killed-afghanistan-airport-bombing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aug. 26 suicide bombing\u003c/a> at the Kabul airport gate were Marines from California. Occurring just days before the official end of U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, the attack also killed dozens of Afghan civilians — one of the deadliest bombings in the almost two decades since the U.S.-led invasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>II. Immigration and Deportation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Bush Administration created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a> in 2002, a cabinet-level office that merged 22 government agencies. The Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. Customs Service — both formerly part of the Department of Justice — were consolidated into the newly formed \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)\u003c/a>. The agency has overseen a massive increase in deportations; they have nearly doubled since 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Homeland Security’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics&ei=NKxPUPu5K87hiwKn14HADQ&usg=AFQjCNFZCr-MNftShOtU3Ycc8HPUr1M1Zg&sig2=agIJsVoj7kiDoBqPasJOQQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Yearbook of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>, there were roughly 200,000 annual deportations a year between 1999 and 2001. While that number dropped slightly in 2002, it began to steadily climb the following year. In the first two years of the Obama Administration (2009 – 2010), deportations hit a record high: nearly 400,000 annually. About half of those deported during that period were convicted of a criminal offense, although mostly low-level, non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ice.gov/secure_communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a> program, established in 2008 and officially phased out in 2014, allowed local law enforcement to check the immigration status of every person booked in a county or local jail — even if not ultimately convicted of a crime — by comparing fingerprints against federal immigration records. The program resulted in numerous instances of undocumented immigrants entering deportation proceedings after being stopped for minor infractions (like not using a turn signal while driving).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2014, when Obama announced plans to phase out the program, ICE had established Secure Communities partnerships with every single\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/secure-communities/pdf/sc-activated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> law enforcement jurisdiction \u003c/a>in the nation (all 3,181 of them).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Jerry Brown — then California’s Attorney General — agreed to implement the Secure Communities. As of 2012, ICE reported it had taken nearly 48,000 “convicted criminal aliens” in California into custody. Almost half of them were deported, even though less than a quarter had been convicted of offenses considered “serious or violent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the primary destination for foreign nationals entering the country, and home to a quarter of America’s immigrant population. Of the nearly 10 million immigrants (both naturalized and undocumented) residing in the state, an estimated 4.3 million are Mexican, 28% of whom are naturalized, according to the \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>III. The Friendly-ish Skies\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long airport lines, full body scans, the occasional pat-down (for the lucky ones). It’s all par for the course when you fly these days. But not so long ago, it wasn’t unusual to show up at the airport a half-hour before a domestic flight, keep your shoes tied tight, and skip through the metal detector while sipping a Big Gulp, all without ever having to show an ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the advent of color-coded security threat warnings, pat downs were rare, liquids were allowed, and the notion of having to go through full-body scanners was the stuff of science fiction. Heck, prior to 9/11, some airport security teams even allowed passengers to take box cutters aboard (the supposed weapon used by the 9/11 hijackers). Any knife with a blade up to four inches long was permitted. And cigarette lighters? No problem!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the terrorist attacks, airport security underwent a series of major overhauls. And a service that was once largely provided by private companies is now primarily overseen by the massive \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation Security Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the TSA is tasked with instituting new security procedures and managing screenings at every commercial airport checkpoint in the country (although, private contractors still operate at some airports). It marks the single largest federal start-up since the days of World War II. The agency is authorized to refer to watch lists of individuals who could pose flight safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advocates argue that the changes have made air travel safer, the additional security steps have also tacked on a significant amount of travel time for the average passenger, while sometimes infringing on privacy rights and, in many instances, increasing scrutiny of minority travelers, particularly those of Middle Eastern descent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>IV. Big surveillance\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. intelligence state boomed in the wake of 9/11. The growth resulted in a marked increase in government oversight, primarily through a vast, clandestine network of phone and web surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classified documents that were leaked in 2013 by former government contractor Edward Snowden detail the expansion of a colossal surveillance state that’s seeped into the lives of millions of ordinary Americans. The exponential growth of this apparatus — armed with a $52.6 billion budget in 2013 — was brought to light when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post\u003c/a> obtained a “black budget” report from Snowden, detailing the bureaucratic and operational landscape of the 16 spy agencies and more than 107,000 employees that now make up the U.S. intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further audits reveal that the National Security Agency alone has annually scooped up as many as 56,000 emails and other communications by Americans with no connection to terrorism, and in doing so, had violated privacy laws thousands of times per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in dramatic changes in our nation's attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.",
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"title": "How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan) | KQED",
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"headline": "How 9/11 Changed America: Four Major Lasting Impacts (with Lesson Plan)",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>TEACHERS: Your students are too young to have lived through the 9/11 attack, but that doesn’t mean it hasn’t impacted their lives. The \u003ca href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/teachers/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\">Perspectives Youth Media Challenge\u003c/a> offers them a chance to tell their stories. Maybe they have a parent, older sibling or cousin who served in Afghanistan. Maybe they have seen anti-Muslim sentiment in their own communities. Invite them to share how 9/11 has affected their lives with the Perspectives Challenge. (Preview the \u003ca class=\"c-link\" href=\"https://learn.kqed.org/challenges/curriculum/perspectives/?utm_source=kqed-edu&utm_medium=blog&utm_campaign=lowdown\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\" data-sk=\"tooltip_parent\">curriculum here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Sept. 10, 2024\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty-three years ago, the United States wasn’t officially engaged in any wars. Few of us had ever heard of al-Qaeda or Osama bin Laden, and ISIS didn’t even exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We deported half the number of people we do today. Our surveillance state was a fraction of its current size. And — perhaps hardest to believe — we didn’t have to take off our shoes to go through airport security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s involvement in the War on Terror — prompted by the 9/11 terrorist attacks — resulted in a dramatic change in our nation’s attitudes and concerns about safety, vigilance and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It ushered in a new generation of policies like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_coverage/terrorism/homeland/patriotact.html\">USA Patriot Act\u003c/a>, prioritizing national security and defense, often at the expense of civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cdiv>\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: x-large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/09/Sept-11-lesson-plan-2017-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lasting impacts of 9/11 lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These changes continue to have ripple effects across the globe, particularly in the Middle East, where American-led military operations helped foment rebellions and ongoing warfare throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are four of the many dramatic impacts — nationwide and in California — resulting from the events of that one tragic day.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>I. ‘Forever Wars’\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Less than a month after 9/11, U.S. troops invaded Afghanistan in an attempt to dismantle al-Qaeda — the terrorist group that claimed responsibility for the attacks — and remove the Taliban government harboring it. Two years later, in March 2003, the United States invaded Iraq and deposed President Saddam Hussein. Although not directly linked to the terrorist attacks, Hussein was suspected of producing weapons of mass destruction (none were ever found). The invasion was a key part of America’s newly launched War on Terror, under the leadership of President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our military involvement in Afghanistan — which just ended calamitously last year, with the Taliban reclaiming control of the country — was the longest war in American history.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/zS0qENVESv0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/zS0qENVESv0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In December 2011, remaining U.S. troops were pulled out of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cfr.org/iraq/timeline-iraq-war/p18876\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Iraq\u003c/a>, leaving that nation in a far more volatile state than when military operations first began in 2003. But the U.S. soon after resumed intermittent air strikes following the emergence of the Islamic State extremist group, which sprouted from the chaos of war and terrorized the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, the Bush Administration also opened the Guantanamo Bay detention center in Cuba, where it began sending suspected enemy combatants. Held indefinitely, prisoners were denied access to trials or legal representation, and were subject to brutal interrogation techniques. There were more than 650 foreign inmates at the facility by 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics have long pushed to shut down the Guantanamo facility, calling it a gross violation of basic human rights and a stain on America’s image abroad. And although early in his first term, Obama vowed to close it — and significantly reduced the population\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/projects/guantanamo/detainees?mcubz=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>— he failed to completely shut it down. Former President Donald Trump was intent on keeping it open, and even sought, unsuccessfully, to refill it. Today, Guantanamo has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2021/us/guantanamo-bay-detainees.html?mcubz=1\">fewer than 40 prisoners\u003c/a>, but still remains operational.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 9/11, budgets for defense-related agencies skyrocketed: Homeland Security’s discretionary budget jumped from about $16 billion in 2002 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/xlibrary/assets/budget-bib-fy2012.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">more than $43 billion\u003c/a> in 2011. Meanwhile, the budgets of the Coast Guard, Transportation Security Administration and Border Patrol have all more than doubled since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last 20 years, millions of young U.S. soldiers have been deployed overseas, thousands have been killed and many have returned home with debilitating physical and mental injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the start of post-9/11 U.S. military operations, some 7,000 American troops have been killed in Afghanistan and Iraq, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.defense.gov/casualty.pdf\">the latest figures\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Defense. That marks just a tiny fraction of total casualties in the two conflicts, which have claimed the lives of \u003ca href=\"https://watson.brown.edu/costsofwar/figures/2019/direct-war-death-toll-2001-801000\">hundreds of thousands\u003c/a> of Iraqi and Afghan civilians, as well as contractors, journalists, allied troops and opposition fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, more than 52,000 U.S. troops in Afghanistan and Iraq have been wounded in action over the last 20 years. And many more have returned home physically intact but suffering from severe long-term mental health issues, like post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and psychological ailments linked to traumatic brain injury (TBI). Thousands of veterans of the two conflicts have taken their own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is second only to Texas in its contribution of recruits to the U.S. military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this year, 776 men and women from across the state have been killed in Iraq and Afghanistan since 2001, accounting for 11% of total U.S. casualties — more than any other state — according to an\u003ca href=\"http://projects.latimes.com/wardead/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> LA Times database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Times reports, “Nearly 20% of California’s war dead were old enough to die for their country but too young to buy a drink. They left behind 453 children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four of the 13 U.S. troops killed In the \u003ca class=\"link\" href=\"https://www.latimes.com/politics/story/2021-08-26/us-troops-killed-afghanistan-airport-bombing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aug. 26 suicide bombing\u003c/a> at the Kabul airport gate were Marines from California. Occurring just days before the official end of U.S. military operations in Afghanistan, the attack also killed dozens of Afghan civilians — one of the deadliest bombings in the almost two decades since the U.S.-led invasion.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/iNUX8W5_oxk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>II. Immigration and Deportation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Bush Administration created the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Homeland Security\u003c/a> in 2002, a cabinet-level office that merged 22 government agencies. The Immigration and Naturalization Service and the U.S. Customs Service — both formerly part of the Department of Justice — were consolidated into the newly formed \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"https://www.ice.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)\u003c/a>. The agency has overseen a massive increase in deportations; they have nearly doubled since 9/11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Department of Homeland Security’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=0CCAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dhs.gov%2Fyearbook-immigration-statistics&ei=NKxPUPu5K87hiwKn14HADQ&usg=AFQjCNFZCr-MNftShOtU3Ycc8HPUr1M1Zg&sig2=agIJsVoj7kiDoBqPasJOQQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Yearbook of Immigration Statistics\u003c/a>, there were roughly 200,000 annual deportations a year between 1999 and 2001. While that number dropped slightly in 2002, it began to steadily climb the following year. In the first two years of the Obama Administration (2009 – 2010), deportations hit a record high: nearly 400,000 annually. About half of those deported during that period were convicted of a criminal offense, although mostly low-level, non-violent crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ice.gov/secure_communities/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Secure Communities\u003c/a> program, established in 2008 and officially phased out in 2014, allowed local law enforcement to check the immigration status of every person booked in a county or local jail — even if not ultimately convicted of a crime — by comparing fingerprints against federal immigration records. The program resulted in numerous instances of undocumented immigrants entering deportation proceedings after being stopped for minor infractions (like not using a turn signal while driving).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2014, when Obama announced plans to phase out the program, ICE had established Secure Communities partnerships with every single\u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/secure-communities/pdf/sc-activated.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> law enforcement jurisdiction \u003c/a>in the nation (all 3,181 of them).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>California impact\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, Jerry Brown — then California’s Attorney General — agreed to implement the Secure Communities. As of 2012, ICE reported it had taken nearly 48,000 “convicted criminal aliens” in California into custody. Almost half of them were deported, even though less than a quarter had been convicted of offenses considered “serious or violent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the primary destination for foreign nationals entering the country, and home to a quarter of America’s immigrant population. Of the nearly 10 million immigrants (both naturalized and undocumented) residing in the state, an estimated 4.3 million are Mexican, 28% of whom are naturalized, according to the \u003ca title=\"Multimedia Resource Roundup\" href=\"http://www.ppic.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XrKd_2MoKpE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>III. The Friendly-ish Skies\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Long airport lines, full body scans, the occasional pat-down (for the lucky ones). It’s all par for the course when you fly these days. But not so long ago, it wasn’t unusual to show up at the airport a half-hour before a domestic flight, keep your shoes tied tight, and skip through the metal detector while sipping a Big Gulp, all without ever having to show an ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the advent of color-coded security threat warnings, pat downs were rare, liquids were allowed, and the notion of having to go through full-body scanners was the stuff of science fiction. Heck, prior to 9/11, some airport security teams even allowed passengers to take box cutters aboard (the supposed weapon used by the 9/11 hijackers). Any knife with a blade up to four inches long was permitted. And cigarette lighters? No problem!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the terrorist attacks, airport security underwent a series of major overhauls. And a service that was once largely provided by private companies is now primarily overseen by the massive \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Transportation Security Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Created in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the TSA is tasked with instituting new security procedures and managing screenings at every commercial airport checkpoint in the country (although, private contractors still operate at some airports). It marks the single largest federal start-up since the days of World War II. The agency is authorized to refer to watch lists of individuals who could pose flight safety risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although advocates argue that the changes have made air travel safer, the additional security steps have also tacked on a significant amount of travel time for the average passenger, while sometimes infringing on privacy rights and, in many instances, increasing scrutiny of minority travelers, particularly those of Middle Eastern descent.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HsDAvCOFT9M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>IV. Big surveillance\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The U.S. intelligence state boomed in the wake of 9/11. The growth resulted in a marked increase in government oversight, primarily through a vast, clandestine network of phone and web surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Classified documents that were leaked in 2013 by former government contractor Edward Snowden detail the expansion of a colossal surveillance state that’s seeped into the lives of millions of ordinary Americans. The exponential growth of this apparatus — armed with a $52.6 billion budget in 2013 — was brought to light when the \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/black-budget-summary-details-us-spy-networks-successes-failures-and-objectives/2013/08/29/7e57bb78-10ab-11e3-8cdd-bcdc09410972_story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Washington Post\u003c/a> obtained a “black budget” report from Snowden, detailing the bureaucratic and operational landscape of the 16 spy agencies and more than 107,000 employees that now make up the U.S. intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further audits reveal that the National Security Agency alone has annually scooped up as many as 56,000 emails and other communications by Americans with no connection to terrorism, and in doing so, had violated privacy laws thousands of times per year.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/S61eL_06RZ4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>Should school start later?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In October 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/08/19/peds.2014-1697\">issued a policy statement\u003c/a> suggesting that school districts consider starting school after 8:30am. Currently, some schools start as early as 7am. With the option of a 0 period, or an optional class before 1st period, it can be even earlier. One reason for this schedule is a consideration for parents’ work schedules, making it easy for parents to drive their kids to school. Many argue, however, that teenagers and adults do not function on the same sleep schedule. They say that students can find other ways to get to school: a small price to pay for getting enough sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Should the start time of schools be moved forward? In what ways could a later start benefit teenagers, but also cost them? How would an earlier start time affect students?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The proposal to push back when first period begins comes from concerns that starting school too early negatively affects teenagers. Studies have shown that middle and high school students with adequate amounts of sleep, 8-10 hours, have better test scores. This subject has been debated heavily since schools began starting earlier and earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AAP study found that most teenagers need sufficient sleep to cope with busy lives filled with school, sports, and extracurricular activities. According to this research, the ideal amount of sleep for the average teenager falls between 8.5 and 9.5 hours a night, and teenagers who receive adequate sleep benefit from better physical and mental health, safety, and academic performance. It also revealed that puberty causes a “phase delay” in teenagers, which shifts the time that teenagers fall asleep back by two hours. Because of this, the average teenager is expected to fall asleep after 11pm and wake up around 8am.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When students do not get enough hours of sleep due to the phase delay and waking up early, it can have a long term impact on students’ health. A \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/08/19/peds.2014-1697.full.pdf+html\">National Sleep Foundation poll\u003c/a> reported that 28 percent of teenagers have fallen asleep in class at least once due to lack of sleep. Negative effects of sleep loss include impairments in mood, attention, memory, behavior and executive function. In addition, a lack of sleep may lead to an increase in caffeine use to counter the effects of drowsiness. Finally, this study found that sleep-deprived teens are at a higher risk of car accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/10/sleeping-student-2-639x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54670 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/10/sleeping-student-2-639x360.jpg\" alt=\"sleeping-student-2-639x360\" width=\"639\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/10/sleeping-student-2-639x360.jpg 639w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/10/sleeping-student-2-639x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>Many researchers agree that starting the school day later might be beneficial to young people. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mrsgonzalez.com/Shop%20Week%20February%2013%20-%20Three%20Reading%20Selections.pdf\">Lawrence Epstein\u003c/a>, a medical director of Sleep Health Centers in Brighton, Massachusetts and an instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, believes that “adequate sleep is essential to feeling awake and alert, maintaining good health, and working at peak performance.” Starting later can allow youth to get the necessary amount of sleep, which is due to the natural late-to-bed and late-to-rise biology of teenagers. According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, “Students with symptoms of sleep disorders are more likely to receive poor grades in classes such as math, reading and writing than peers without symptoms of sleep disorders.” Getting enough sleep might lead to a decreased risk of car accidents, less depression and obesity, the prevention of illnesses like colds and flus that adversely affect academic performance, and generally improved mental ability. Although students can get more sleep by simply going to bed earlier, many need this time to finish homework. With a later school start time, students can have both: adequate time to prepare for the next day and a sufficient amount of sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to a later school day. Schools starting later would require schools to also end later. This would cut into extracurricular activities and sports that are an important part of many teens’ lives. Balancing practices and games with homework might become a lot harder to juggle. Many teens also have to work after school to support their families, which would become very difficult with the later school times. In addition, many teenagers might go to sleep later at night if they don’t have to get up as early, which would negate the value of the later school start time. Some argue that early school start times are beneficial because they prepare young people to get up early, like they will have to do in the work force. Another argument against a later school time states that it is an inconvenience for families since many parents take kids to school on their way to work. According to NPR’s program \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/story/284604-why-so-few-walk-or-bike-to-school/\">All Things Considered\u003c/a>, almost 50 percent of Americans kids walked or biked to school in 1969 but today the figure is only 13 percent. This data would imply that more parents might need school start times to align with their work schedules in order to transport their children to and from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn more…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[AUDIO] \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=430354779&m=430633650\">High Schoolers and Snooze Buttons: A Public Health Crisis\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis report describes new findings from health researchers about the consequences of schools having early start times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[ARTICLE] \u003ca href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/older-children-to-start-school-later-to-find-out-if-it-suits-their-biological-clocks-10491931.html\">Older Children to Start School Later to Find Out If It Suits Their Biological Clocks\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe circadian rhythm determines a person’s sleep patterns every 24 hours and it seems that a person’s circadian rhythm varies on their age, therefore school starting earlier interferes with older students’ sleeping pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[ARTICLE] \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/08/why-school-should-start-later/401489/\">Why School Should Start Later in the Morning\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSleep deprivation caused by early starts at school is a factor of obesity, depression, and a lower quality of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[ARTICLE] \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/04/19/how-much-sleep-is-just-right-for-cognitive-function/\">How Much Sleep is Just Right for Cognitive Function\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAsapSCIENCE shows how our brains function after sleeping a night of 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[VIDEO] \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/08/sleepless-in-america-school-start-time_n_6633424.html\">The Science-Backed Reason Schools Should Start Later\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video talks about the consequences of sleep deprivation for adolescents and gives statistics on start times for schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post was written by the following youth from the Science News Team within the California Academy of Sciences: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alex, Alvin, Avi, Darrah, Mathew, Maggie, Ori, and Sophie \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Should school start later?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In October 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/08/19/peds.2014-1697\">issued a policy statement\u003c/a> suggesting that school districts consider starting school after 8:30am. Currently, some schools start as early as 7am. With the option of a 0 period, or an optional class before 1st period, it can be even earlier. One reason for this schedule is a consideration for parents’ work schedules, making it easy for parents to drive their kids to school. Many argue, however, that teenagers and adults do not function on the same sleep schedule. They say that students can find other ways to get to school: a small price to pay for getting enough sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use this abridged version to spark a classroom discussion around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Should the start time of schools be moved forward? In what ways could a later start benefit teenagers, but also cost them? How would an earlier start time affect students?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The proposal to push back when first period begins comes from concerns that starting school too early negatively affects teenagers. Studies have shown that middle and high school students with adequate amounts of sleep, 8-10 hours, have better test scores. This subject has been debated heavily since schools began starting earlier and earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AAP study found that most teenagers need sufficient sleep to cope with busy lives filled with school, sports, and extracurricular activities. According to this research, the ideal amount of sleep for the average teenager falls between 8.5 and 9.5 hours a night, and teenagers who receive adequate sleep benefit from better physical and mental health, safety, and academic performance. It also revealed that puberty causes a “phase delay” in teenagers, which shifts the time that teenagers fall asleep back by two hours. Because of this, the average teenager is expected to fall asleep after 11pm and wake up around 8am.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When students do not get enough hours of sleep due to the phase delay and waking up early, it can have a long term impact on students’ health. A \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/08/19/peds.2014-1697.full.pdf+html\">National Sleep Foundation poll\u003c/a> reported that 28 percent of teenagers have fallen asleep in class at least once due to lack of sleep. Negative effects of sleep loss include impairments in mood, attention, memory, behavior and executive function. In addition, a lack of sleep may lead to an increase in caffeine use to counter the effects of drowsiness. Finally, this study found that sleep-deprived teens are at a higher risk of car accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/10/sleeping-student-2-639x360.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-54670 alignleft\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/10/sleeping-student-2-639x360.jpg\" alt=\"sleeping-student-2-639x360\" width=\"639\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/10/sleeping-student-2-639x360.jpg 639w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2015/10/sleeping-student-2-639x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 639px) 100vw, 639px\">\u003c/a>Many researchers agree that starting the school day later might be beneficial to young people. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mrsgonzalez.com/Shop%20Week%20February%2013%20-%20Three%20Reading%20Selections.pdf\">Lawrence Epstein\u003c/a>, a medical director of Sleep Health Centers in Brighton, Massachusetts and an instructor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, believes that “adequate sleep is essential to feeling awake and alert, maintaining good health, and working at peak performance.” Starting later can allow youth to get the necessary amount of sleep, which is due to the natural late-to-bed and late-to-rise biology of teenagers. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, there are some disadvantages to a later school day. Schools starting later would require schools to also end later. This would cut into extracurricular activities and sports that are an important part of many teens’ lives. Balancing practices and games with homework might become a lot harder to juggle. Many teens also have to work after school to support their families, which would become very difficult with the later school times. In addition, many teenagers might go to sleep later at night if they don’t have to get up as early, which would negate the value of the later school start time. Some argue that early school start times are beneficial because they prepare young people to get up early, like they will have to do in the work force. Another argument against a later school time states that it is an inconvenience for families since many parents take kids to school on their way to work. According to NPR’s program \u003ca href=\"http://www.wnyc.org/story/284604-why-so-few-walk-or-bike-to-school/\">All Things Considered\u003c/a>, almost 50 percent of Americans kids walked or biked to school in 1969 but today the figure is only 13 percent. This data would imply that more parents might need school start times to align with their work schedules in order to transport their children to and from school.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn more…\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[AUDIO] \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/player/v2/mediaPlayer.html?action=1&t=1&islist=false&id=430354779&m=430633650\">High Schoolers and Snooze Buttons: A Public Health Crisis\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis report describes new findings from health researchers about the consequences of schools having early start times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[ARTICLE] \u003ca href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/news/education/education-news/older-children-to-start-school-later-to-find-out-if-it-suits-their-biological-clocks-10491931.html\">Older Children to Start School Later to Find Out If It Suits Their Biological Clocks\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe circadian rhythm determines a person’s sleep patterns every 24 hours and it seems that a person’s circadian rhythm varies on their age, therefore school starting earlier interferes with older students’ sleeping pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[ARTICLE] \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/08/why-school-should-start-later/401489/\">Why School Should Start Later in the Morning\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSleep deprivation caused by early starts at school is a factor of obesity, depression, and a lower quality of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[ARTICLE] \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/mindshift/2015/04/19/how-much-sleep-is-just-right-for-cognitive-function/\">How Much Sleep is Just Right for Cognitive Function\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAsapSCIENCE shows how our brains function after sleeping a night of 4 hours, 6 hours and 8 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[VIDEO] \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/02/08/sleepless-in-america-school-start-time_n_6633424.html\">The Science-Backed Reason Schools Should Start Later\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video talks about the consequences of sleep deprivation for adolescents and gives statistics on start times for schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post was written by the following youth from the Science News Team within the California Academy of Sciences: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "Should Athletes Use Their Public Platform to Make Political Statements? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/08/27/colin-kaepernick-refuses-to-stand-for-national-anthem-to-protest-police-killings/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">made headlines \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">this weekend for not standing during the national anthem at Friday’s pre-season game. When asked about his decision he said, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of color.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kaepernick is not the only athlete to call attention to social issues in 2016.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In July, players from three WNBA teams \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/07/22/wnba-players-refuse-to-talk-basketball-in-protest-of-fines-for-black-warmup-shirts/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">defied the league’s dress code\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by wearing black warm up shirts to call attention to police involved shootings in their states. The league initially fined the players and their teams for violating the dress code, but eventually dismissed the charges.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the Olympic games in Rio de Janeiro, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/21/world/rio-olympics-ethiopian-marathoner/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ethiopian runner \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Feyisa Lilesa\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> crossed his arms at the marathon finish line in protest of the persecution faced by the Omoro people of his home country.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then there are these \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/08/27/colin-kaepernick-refuses-to-stand-for-national-anthem-to-protest-police-killings/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">seven times that athletes spoke out about race and racism in America.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Scroll to the bottom of the article to view the video.)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[UPDATE]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Kaepernick’s protest, other athletes have been inspired by his actions, and have joined in solidarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Megan Rapinoe, professional soccer player for the U.S. Women’s National Team and the Seattle Reign,\u003ca href=\"http://americansoccernow.com/articles/megan-rapinoe-kneels-for-anthem-at-nwsl-match\"> kneeled during the national anthem at a recent home game.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The entire Seattle Seahawks team has \u003ca href=\"http://usuncut.com/resistance/entire-seattle-seahawks-roster-will-protest-national-anthem-sunda/\">committed to protesting the national anthem\u003c/a> during their home opener on September 11.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the flip side, some feel that politics and sports should stay separate. Others felt disrespected by Kaepernick’s decision not to stand.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greta Van Susteren of Fox News says that\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/on-the-record/2014/12/02/greta-lets-leave-political-agendas-out-football\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> political statements made at sporting events ruin the game\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Former teammate\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/vikings/2016/08/28/alex-boone-rips-colin-kaepernick-national-anthem-49ers/89514450/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Alex Boone was “upset and disappointed”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Kaepernick’s actions.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What do you think? Should athletes use their platform to bring awareness to social issues, or should they focus on playing their sport?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Respond in the comments below or on Twitter using the hashtag #DoNowKaepernick. Follow the trending Twitter hashtag \u003ca class=\"twitter-hashtag pretty-link js-nav\" href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Kaepernick?src=hash\">\u003cs>#\u003c/s>Kaepernick\u003c/a> to see what others have to say.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Also, this…\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/02/14/politics-at-olympics/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Political Tension at the Olympics: A History\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [The Lowdown, KQED]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/07/when-athletes-take-political-stands/490967/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Athletes Take Political Stands\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [The Atlantic]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rollingstone.com/sports/colin-kaepernicks-national-anthem-protest-w436704\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Colin Kaepernick’s National Anthem Protest Tells Us About America\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [Rolling Stone]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick made headlines this weekend for not standing during the national anthem at Friday’s pre-season game. When asked about his decision he said, “I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of color.” Kaepernick is not",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco 49ers quarterback Colin Kaepernick \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/08/27/colin-kaepernick-refuses-to-stand-for-national-anthem-to-protest-police-killings/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">made headlines \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">this weekend for not standing during the national anthem at Friday’s pre-season game. When asked about his decision he said, \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of color.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Kaepernick is not the only athlete to call attention to social issues in 2016.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In July, players from three WNBA teams \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/07/22/wnba-players-refuse-to-talk-basketball-in-protest-of-fines-for-black-warmup-shirts/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">defied the league’s dress code\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by wearing black warm up shirts to call attention to police involved shootings in their states. The league initially fined the players and their teams for violating the dress code, but eventually dismissed the charges.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the Olympic games in Rio de Janeiro, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/21/world/rio-olympics-ethiopian-marathoner/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ethiopian runner \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Feyisa Lilesa\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> crossed his arms at the marathon finish line in protest of the persecution faced by the Omoro people of his home country.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then there are these \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/early-lead/wp/2016/08/27/colin-kaepernick-refuses-to-stand-for-national-anthem-to-protest-police-killings/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">seven times that athletes spoke out about race and racism in America.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (Scroll to the bottom of the article to view the video.)\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>[UPDATE]\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Kaepernick’s protest, other athletes have been inspired by his actions, and have joined in solidarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Megan Rapinoe, professional soccer player for the U.S. Women’s National Team and the Seattle Reign,\u003ca href=\"http://americansoccernow.com/articles/megan-rapinoe-kneels-for-anthem-at-nwsl-match\"> kneeled during the national anthem at a recent home game.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The entire Seattle Seahawks team has \u003ca href=\"http://usuncut.com/resistance/entire-seattle-seahawks-roster-will-protest-national-anthem-sunda/\">committed to protesting the national anthem\u003c/a> during their home opener on September 11.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the flip side, some feel that politics and sports should stay separate. Others felt disrespected by Kaepernick’s decision not to stand.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Greta Van Susteren of Fox News says that\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/on-air/on-the-record/2014/12/02/greta-lets-leave-political-agendas-out-football\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> political statements made at sporting events ruin the game\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Former teammate\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/vikings/2016/08/28/alex-boone-rips-colin-kaepernick-national-anthem-49ers/89514450/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Alex Boone was “upset and disappointed”\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> by Kaepernick’s actions.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What do you think? Should athletes use their platform to bring awareness to social issues, or should they focus on playing their sport?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Respond in the comments below or on Twitter using the hashtag #DoNowKaepernick. Follow the trending Twitter hashtag \u003ca class=\"twitter-hashtag pretty-link js-nav\" href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Kaepernick?src=hash\">\u003cs>#\u003c/s>Kaepernick\u003c/a> to see what others have to say.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Also, this…\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/02/14/politics-at-olympics/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Political Tension at the Olympics: A History\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [The Lowdown, KQED]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/07/when-athletes-take-political-stands/490967/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">When Athletes Take Political Stands\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [The Atlantic]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.rollingstone.com/sports/colin-kaepernicks-national-anthem-protest-w436704\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What Colin Kaepernick’s National Anthem Protest Tells Us About America\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> [Rolling Stone]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Ten of the Most Successful Presidential Campaign Ads Ever Made (with Lesson Plan)",
"title": "Ten of the Most Successful Presidential Campaign Ads Ever Made (with Lesson Plan)",
"headTitle": "The Lowdown | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>It's the final stretch of the 2016 presidential election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/The-Anatomy-of-a-Political-Ad-lesson-plan-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy of a political ad lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/The-Anatomy-of-a-Political-Ad-graphic-organizer-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Political ads graphic organizer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So brace yourself for that last inescapable flood of campaign commercials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn't always like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1948 less than one percent of U.S. homes had TVs. By 1954 - a mere six years later - more than half of all American's had a boob-tube in the house. By 1958, that rate had soared to over 80 percent, and today hovers at about 97 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to University of Wisconsin Journalism Professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.niu.edu/1993/ihy930341.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James L. Baughman\u003c/a>, who documents the rapid rise of TV in American life. \"No other household technology,\" he writes, \"not the telephone or indoor plumbing, had ever spread so rapidly into so many homes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn't take political campaigns long to catch on to the enormous potential this new technology offered: a green light to instantly infiltrate the living rooms of millions of Americans, more directly, personally, and visually than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very first televised campaign ads were launched in the 1952 presidential race. Leading the charge was Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower (and his running mate Richard Nixon). The campaign spent roughly $1.5 million on ads, twice that of Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson. The first series of spot ads, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Eisenhower Answers America,\" \u003c/a>featured a seemingly average citizen asking a laughably scripted, leading question, to which Eisenhower frankly responded, staring directly into the camera, utterly devoid of emotion or charisma. The campaign soon followed up with the now legendary \"I Like Ike\" animation, which gave the candidate a major edge in the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.livingroomcandidate.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Living Room Candidate\u003c/a>, a project of the Museum of the Moving Image, is an impressively thorough and well curated repository of presidential campaign ads in every election since 1952. Here are 10 of the heaviest hitters (note the wide variations between negative/fear-inducing and euphorically positive):\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"Ike for President\" (1952)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y9RAxAgksSE&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly quaint commercial helped Eisenhower trounce his Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson. The first Republican to win the White House in 20 years, Eisenhower got 83 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>John F. Kennedy's \"Kennedy For Me\" (1960)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/OldTwzN7hKk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 43, John F. Kennedy was to become the youngest elected candidate in U.S. history. Attacked by his opponent Richard Nixon as inexperienced, this jingle ad helped turn Kennedy's youth into an asset, someone who is “old enough to know and young enough to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy won with 56 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Lyndon B. Johnson's \"Daisy Girl\" (1964)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/dDTBnsqxZ3k\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 re-election bid, in the midst of the Cold War, this ad is among the most famous campaign commercials of all time. It ran only once, during an NBC broadcast of Monday Night at the Movies on September 7, 1964. But that was enough to scare the pants off an already skittish electorate, by painting his Republican opponent, Barry Goldwater, as a dangerous right-wing extremist who'd bring the world to the brink of disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson won the election with 90 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Hubert H. Humphrey's \"Laughter\" (1968)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/Qwk_epMblW4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Democrat Hubert H. Humphrey ended up losing the 1968 presidential race to Richard Nixon, this ad still packed a punch by portraying Spiro Agnew, Nixon's relatively unknown running mate, as a political neophyte, so inexperienced as to be, literally, laughable. The ad was created by Tony Schwartz, who also made Johnson's \"Daisy\" ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon still beat Humphrey, with nearly 56 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Richard Nixon's \"McGovern Defense\" (1972)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/qVcFUIXEDZ8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This ad aired during Richard Nixon's re-election bid against Democratic challenger George McGovern in 1972. With the U.S. military still deeply engaged in the Vietnam War, Nixon's campaign sought to portray Democrats as weak on national defense, with policies that would place the nation in peril. It was sponsored by a group called \"Democrats for Nixon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon won with a whopping 97 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Ronald Reagan's \"Morning In America\" (1984)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/EU-IBF8nwSY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of a series of 1984 Reagan campaign ads collectively known as \"Morning in America,\" this commercial effectively highlights idyllic scenes of productivity and suburban life to suggest that President Reagan had successfully restored American optimism and revived the economy from the prolonged period of high inflation and unemployment that had persisted under his Democratic predecessor Jimmy Carter. The ads helped Reagan handily defeat his Democratic opponent Walter Mondale, with 98 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>George H.W. Bush's \"Revolving Door\" (1988)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/PmwhdDv8VrM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This crushing ad attacked a program that Democratic presidential challenger Michael Dukakis had supported while he was governor of Massachusetts, allowing prisoners to be released on weekend furloughs. The ad capitalized on the case of Willie Horton, a Massachusetts state prison inmate and one of the program's participants, who in 1987 raped a woman while on weekend furlough. The black-and-white ad successfully cast doubt on Dukakis' ability to govern and protect public safety, striking a major blow to his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bush won with 80 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bill Clinton's \"Man From Hope\" (1992)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xq_x3JUwrU0&feature=youtu.be\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An edited down version of a much longer biographical film shown at the 1992 Democratic Convention, this commercial widely considered among the most compelling biographical ads ever made. Emphasizing Clinton's small town roots it conveys the candidate's strong work ethic, wisdom and sense of humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton defeated Republican incumbent George H.W. Bush with 69 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>George W. Bush's \"Windsurfing\" (2004)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pbdzMLk9wHQ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most effective and memorable ad of the 2004 election, this drove home the Bush campaign's consistent allegation that Democratic challenger John Kerry was a “flip-flopper” who merely tailed the political winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bush won with 53 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Barack Obama's \"Yes We Can\" Web Ad (2008)\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jjXyqcx-mYY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the most unconventional campaign ads to date, this was only available on the web. Produced by Will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas and Jesse Dylan (Bob Dylan's son), the ad put music to Obama's New Hampshire primary concession speech (after he lost the state to Hilary Clinton). It features a succession of over 30 celebrity performers singing his words. First posted on YouTube, the video quickly went viral, with over 26 million views in just a few days. It led to an online fundraising boom and a new wave of momentum for Obama's campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama beat his Republican challenger John McCain with 68 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's the final stretch of the 2016 presidential election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Nonfiction analysis, writing/discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our entire lesson plan collection \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/The-Anatomy-of-a-Political-Ad-lesson-plan-2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy of a political ad lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/The-Anatomy-of-a-Political-Ad-graphic-organizer-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Political ads graphic organizer\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>So brace yourself for that last inescapable flood of campaign commercials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it wasn't always like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1948 less than one percent of U.S. homes had TVs. By 1954 - a mere six years later - more than half of all American's had a boob-tube in the house. By 1958, that rate had soared to over 80 percent, and today hovers at about 97 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's according to University of Wisconsin Journalism Professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.lib.niu.edu/1993/ihy930341.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">James L. Baughman\u003c/a>, who documents the rapid rise of TV in American life. \"No other household technology,\" he writes, \"not the telephone or indoor plumbing, had ever spread so rapidly into so many homes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn't take political campaigns long to catch on to the enormous potential this new technology offered: a green light to instantly infiltrate the living rooms of millions of Americans, more directly, personally, and visually than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very first televised campaign ads were launched in the 1952 presidential race. Leading the charge was Republican candidate Dwight D. Eisenhower (and his running mate Richard Nixon). The campaign spent roughly $1.5 million on ads, twice that of Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson. The first series of spot ads, called \u003ca href=\"http://www.livingroomcandidate.org/commercials/1952\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Eisenhower Answers America,\" \u003c/a>featured a seemingly average citizen asking a laughably scripted, leading question, to which Eisenhower frankly responded, staring directly into the camera, utterly devoid of emotion or charisma. The campaign soon followed up with the now legendary \"I Like Ike\" animation, which gave the candidate a major edge in the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.livingroomcandidate.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Living Room Candidate\u003c/a>, a project of the Museum of the Moving Image, is an impressively thorough and well curated repository of presidential campaign ads in every election since 1952. Here are 10 of the heaviest hitters (note the wide variations between negative/fear-inducing and euphorically positive):\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Dwight D. Eisenhower's \"Ike for President\" (1952)\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RAxAgksSE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Y9RAxAgksSE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>This seemingly quaint commercial helped Eisenhower trounce his Democratic opponent Adlai Stevenson. The first Republican to win the White House in 20 years, Eisenhower got 83 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>John F. Kennedy's \"Kennedy For Me\" (1960)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/OldTwzN7hKk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/OldTwzN7hKk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>At 43, John F. Kennedy was to become the youngest elected candidate in U.S. history. Attacked by his opponent Richard Nixon as inexperienced, this jingle ad helped turn Kennedy's youth into an asset, someone who is “old enough to know and young enough to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy won with 56 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Lyndon B. Johnson's \"Daisy Girl\" (1964)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dDTBnsqxZ3k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dDTBnsqxZ3k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Part of Lyndon B. Johnson's 1964 re-election bid, in the midst of the Cold War, this ad is among the most famous campaign commercials of all time. It ran only once, during an NBC broadcast of Monday Night at the Movies on September 7, 1964. But that was enough to scare the pants off an already skittish electorate, by painting his Republican opponent, Barry Goldwater, as a dangerous right-wing extremist who'd bring the world to the brink of disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson won the election with 90 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Hubert H. Humphrey's \"Laughter\" (1968)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Qwk_epMblW4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Qwk_epMblW4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Although Democrat Hubert H. Humphrey ended up losing the 1968 presidential race to Richard Nixon, this ad still packed a punch by portraying Spiro Agnew, Nixon's relatively unknown running mate, as a political neophyte, so inexperienced as to be, literally, laughable. The ad was created by Tony Schwartz, who also made Johnson's \"Daisy\" ad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon still beat Humphrey, with nearly 56 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Richard Nixon's \"McGovern Defense\" (1972)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qVcFUIXEDZ8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qVcFUIXEDZ8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>This ad aired during Richard Nixon's re-election bid against Democratic challenger George McGovern in 1972. With the U.S. military still deeply engaged in the Vietnam War, Nixon's campaign sought to portray Democrats as weak on national defense, with policies that would place the nation in peril. It was sponsored by a group called \"Democrats for Nixon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nixon won with a whopping 97 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Ronald Reagan's \"Morning In America\" (1984)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/EU-IBF8nwSY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/EU-IBF8nwSY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Part of a series of 1984 Reagan campaign ads collectively known as \"Morning in America,\" this commercial effectively highlights idyllic scenes of productivity and suburban life to suggest that President Reagan had successfully restored American optimism and revived the economy from the prolonged period of high inflation and unemployment that had persisted under his Democratic predecessor Jimmy Carter. The ads helped Reagan handily defeat his Democratic opponent Walter Mondale, with 98 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>George H.W. Bush's \"Revolving Door\" (1988)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PmwhdDv8VrM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PmwhdDv8VrM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>This crushing ad attacked a program that Democratic presidential challenger Michael Dukakis had supported while he was governor of Massachusetts, allowing prisoners to be released on weekend furloughs. The ad capitalized on the case of Willie Horton, a Massachusetts state prison inmate and one of the program's participants, who in 1987 raped a woman while on weekend furlough. The black-and-white ad successfully cast doubt on Dukakis' ability to govern and protect public safety, striking a major blow to his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bush won with 80 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Bill Clinton's \"Man From Hope\" (1992)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Xq_x3JUwrU0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Xq_x3JUwrU0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>An edited down version of a much longer biographical film shown at the 1992 Democratic Convention, this commercial widely considered among the most compelling biographical ads ever made. Emphasizing Clinton's small town roots it conveys the candidate's strong work ethic, wisdom and sense of humanity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton defeated Republican incumbent George H.W. Bush with 69 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>George W. Bush's \"Windsurfing\" (2004)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/pbdzMLk9wHQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/pbdzMLk9wHQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The most effective and memorable ad of the 2004 election, this drove home the Bush campaign's consistent allegation that Democratic challenger John Kerry was a “flip-flopper” who merely tailed the political winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bush won with 53 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>Barack Obama's \"Yes We Can\" Web Ad (2008)\u003c/h4>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/jjXyqcx-mYY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/jjXyqcx-mYY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Among the most unconventional campaign ads to date, this was only available on the web. Produced by Will.i.am of The Black Eyed Peas and Jesse Dylan (Bob Dylan's son), the ad put music to Obama's New Hampshire primary concession speech (after he lost the state to Hilary Clinton). It features a succession of over 30 celebrity performers singing his words. First posted on YouTube, the video quickly went viral, with over 26 million views in just a few days. It led to an online fundraising boom and a new wave of momentum for Obama's campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama beat his Republican challenger John McCain with 68 percent of the electoral vote.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "election-2016-where-clinton-and-trump-stand-on-the-major-issues-interactive",
"title": "The Big Issues of the 2016 Election: Where Trump and Clinton Stand (with Lesson Plan)",
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"content": "\u003chead>\u003cstyle>\na.specialhover:hover \nimg {\n background-color: grey;\n}\n\u003c/style>\n\u003c/head>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan library \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/Candidate-nine-issues-lesson-plan.docx_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">9 Issues Lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/political_terminology.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Political terminology infographic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump share the dubious distinction of being among the \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/americans-distaste-for-both-trump-and-clinton-is-record-breaking/\" target=\"_blank\">least popular\u003c/a> presidential nominees in recent history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They don’t share much else, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2016 Democratic and Republican presidential candidates have vastly different worldviews, with often dramatically opposing visions of the kind of nation America should be and the type of government it should have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on issues in the grid below to learn more about what’s at stake in this election and the contrasting positions of the two candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Big Issues of the 2016 Election\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23328\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment-e1472253769729.png\" alt=\"environment\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/CriminalJustice-e1472253783578.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23326\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortion-e1472253798930.png\" alt=\"abortion\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23334\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/nationaldefense-e1472253534205.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-23333 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/money-e1472253555593.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/Immigration-e1472253578957.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/HigherEducation-e1472253720385.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/Healthcare-e1472253739159.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/GunControl-e1472253755463.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Gun Control\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings only make up a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue resurfaced in June, when a lone gunman wielding a semi-automatic rifle and a handgun singlehandedly killed 49 people at a gay nightclub in Orlando. The incident marked the deadliest mass shooting in American history, reigniting a fierce national debate over gun violence and gun control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the aftermath, Democratic leaders staged a day-long \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/22/483091059/demanding-action-on-gun-control-house-democrats-stage-sit-in\" target=\"_blank\"> sit-in\u003c/a> on the house floor, hoping to push legislation to broaden background checks and prevent people on the government’s “no-fly list” from purchasing firearms. Republican congressional leaders, however, denounced the action, and effectively \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/house-gop-indefinitely-delays-gun-control-votes-225234\" target=\"_blank\"> blocked a vote\u003c/a> on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the stalemate in congress, there’s strong public support for gun control measures. In a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\" target=\"_blank\"> CNN poll\u003c/a> 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association, remains huge, effectively squashing most efforts to strengthen gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the December 2015 mass shooting in San Bernardino, President Obama went around Congress and announced a series of executive actions to marginally expand background checks and crack down on illegal online gun sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cspan style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/span>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton is pushing for what she calls “common sense” \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/gun-violence-prevention/\" target=\"_blank\">reforms\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\nHer plan includes a ban on assault weapons, stricter background checks for firearm purchases and a crackdown on illegal gun traffickers. At a June campaign event in Chicago, she declared gun control a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20160627/south-loop/hillary-clinton-delivers-keynote-at-rainbow-push-convention\" target=\"_blank\">“civil rights issue”\u003c/a> and attacked the gun lobby for preventing legislative action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton has received some push-back from Democrats, including former-rival Bernie Sanders, for her proposal to make gun makers and sellers \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/26/opinions/keane-gun-liability-hillary-clinton/\" target=\"_blank\"> liable\u003c/a> for weapons that end up being used in crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/span>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump calls gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He’s opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed all 50 states. He has also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama’s executive actions on gun control and eliminate gun-free zones in schools and on military bases. On his website, Trump states that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He further claims that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After receiving an endorsement from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-nra-clinton-most-anti-gun-candidate-ever-n577711\" target=\"_blank\"> National Rifle Association\u003c/a> (NRA) in May, Trump called Clinton “the most anti-gun, anti-Second Amendment candidate to ever run for office.” And in early August, at a campaign rally in North Carolina, Trump made a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/09/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-second-amendment/\" target=\"_blank\"> controversial remark\u003c/a> about his opponent that was widely interpreted as inciting violence: “If she gets to pick her judges, nothing you can do, folks. Although the Second Amendment people, maybe there is, I don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ABORTION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court’s landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision that protects a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans still remain deeply divided on the issue, particularly along religious and regional lines. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers. Reaching a 5-3 decision, the Court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cspan style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/span>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Throughout her career, Clinton has consistently described herself as \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/womens-rights-and-opportunity/\" target=\"_blank\"> “pro-choice.”\u003c/a> She’s fought efforts to defund Planned Parenthood, and opposed laws aimed at restricting access to safe, legal abortions. She praised the recent Supreme Court decision on Texas, and has pledged to continue working to protect \u003ci> Roe v Wade\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Democratic debate in March, Clinton said she would consider \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders-answer-questions-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\"> some restrictions\u003c/a> on late-term abortions, “so long as there is an exception for the life and health of the mother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton’s pick for Vice President, Tim Kaine, says he’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/tim-kaine-abortion-predicament-225053\" target=\"_blank\"> personally opposed\u003c/a> to abortion, but will work to uphold \u003ci> Roe v Wade.\u003c/i> Kaine has been criticized in the past by pro-choice groups for signing \u003ca href=\"http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/media/press-releases/2009/pr03302009_kaine.html\" target=\"_blank\"> “anti-choice”\u003c/a> bills into law as Governor of Virginia – however, since joining the Senate in 2012, he has consistently voted in line with abortion-rights advocates and the Democratic Party platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as, “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he’s shifted his position to one more in line with the Republican Party’s anti-abortion stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After catching heat for suggesting that women should receive \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/3/30/11333472/trump-abortions-punishment-women\" target=\"_blank\"> “some sort of punishment”\u003c/a> for having an abortion, his campaign back-peddled, saying that Trump believes the person performing the procedure should be held accountable, not the woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is pledging to change abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, particularly to the Supreme Court. He also advocates allowing states to protect the rights of the unborn. He does, however, stray from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest, when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s running mate, Indiana Governor Mike Pence, is a vocal anti-abortion advocate, recently signing into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for doctors and women who seek abortions in Indiana, which already has restrictive abortion laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy is one of the most divisive issues in this election. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up roughly 13 percent of the nation’s total population. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\"> 11.3 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented: living here without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it’s unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support some tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a> found that 75 percent of Americans say undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning President Obama’s executive actions that would have protected nearly five million undocumented immigrants from deportation. The decision leaves federal immigration reform unresolved, an issue the next president will likely address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton supported President Obama’s executive actions to provide deportation relief to eligible undocumented immigrants. She’s vowed to go beyond Obama’s short-term measures and fight for \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/immigration-reform/\" target=\"_blank\"> comprehensive immigration reform\u003c/a> that includes a path to citizenship. She’s also proposed reducing barriers to naturalization for green card holders, closing private immigration detention centers and creating the first national \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-dem-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/04/hillary-clinton-immigrants-affairs-221873\" target=\"_blank\"> Office of Immigrant Affairs\u003c/a> to coordinate programs across federal agencies, as well as state and local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton also supports a \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/13/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-hillary-clinton-wants-let-500-pe/\" target=\"_blank\"> five-fold increase\u003c/a> — from 10,000 to 65,000 — in the number of Syrian refugees allowed to enter the United States. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/statements/2015/12/15/comprehensive-plan-to-bolster-homeland-security/\" target=\"_blank\"> she maintains\u003c/a> that the U.S. would have to, “be vigilant in screening and vetting refugees from Syria” – a \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4116619/syrian-refugees-screening-process/\" target=\"_blank\"> multi-step process\u003c/a> that currently takes 18 to 24 months to complete. She’s consistently criticized \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-speeches.html\" target=\"_blank\"> Trump’s plan\u003c/a> to ban Muslim immigration as discriminatory and counterproductive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump has made \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/immigration-reform\" target=\"_blank\"> tough immigration policy\u003c/a> one of the cornerstones of his campaign. From the beginning of his campaign, he’s promised to deport all 11.3 million undocumented immigrants, consistently accusing them of stealing jobs from U.S. citizens, straining public resources and jeopardizing national security. A key part of his plan is building a U.S.-Mexico border wall, and making Mexico foot the estimated $10 billion bill. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they’re not sending their best … They’re bringing drugs. They’re bringing crime. They’re rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.” His plans also include tripling the number of immigration enforcement officers and ending the constitutional guarantee of birthright citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump had hinted at the possibility of softening his hard-line stance on removing all undocumented immigrants — and even arranged a surprise meeting in late August with Mexico’s president — the candidate recently outlined a\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/donald-trumps-10-point-immigration-plan/\" target=\"_blank\"> 10-point immigration plan\u003c/a>, reiterating his intention to crack down on illegal immigration, build a wall and even set new historically low caps on legal immigration. Although he shelved his initial pledge to hunt down and deport all 11 million undocumented immigrants, he didn’t say he was taking the idea off the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, or roughly 716 for every 100,000 people. The huge prison population is the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for non-violent drug offenses. Because of the system’s astronomical costs and the stark racial disparities of those impacted, prison reform is actually one of the few issues in which Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration, and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, non-violent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Prison Policy Initiative: “Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America” (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\"> World Prison Brief – Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton has worked hard to try to distance herself from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.salon.com/2016/05/07/its_worse_than_just_the_1994_crime_bill_the_clintons_criminal_justice_and_the_damage_of_90s_crime_politics/\" target=\"_blank\"> criminal justice policies\u003c/a> implemented during her husband’s administration. In 1994, President Bill Clinton signed into law a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/txtfiles/billfs.txt\" target=\"_blank\"> sweeping crime bill\u003c/a> that some blame for the drastic spike in the nation’s prison population. Hillary Clinton has \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/criminal-justice-reform/\" target=\"_blank\"> pledged to reverse\u003c/a> many of those policies, vowing to end mass incarceration and close private prisons. She also plans to reform mandatory minimum sentencing for non-violent offenders and redirect federal enforcement resources away from the War on Drugs and towards combating violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She supports police body cameras and says she would provide federal matching funds to allow state and local police departments to implement emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the primary elections, Clinton met with members of the Black Lives Matter movement, and following a series of high-profile police shootings in early July, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HillaryClinton/status/751133678269587456\" target=\"_blank\">tweeted:\u003c/a> “Alton Sterling Matters. Philando Castile Matters. Black Lives Matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue. He’s repeatedly promised to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and “restore law and order.” He also claims that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\"> police are often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood,” and says that the nation’s “racial tensions have gotten worse, not better.” Recently, Trump has noted the level of crime and poverty in many inner-city communities, claiming that unlike Democratic leaders, he would make conditions better. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/19/politics/donald-trump-african-american-voters/\" target=\"_blank\">speech in August\u003c/a> he appealed to black voters, asking: “What the hell do you have to lose?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>MONEY\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economy is officially rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, and employment rates continue to rise. However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor. Wealth inequality in the U.S. is now at near record highs, with about 90 percent of wealth owned by the top .1 percent of families, according to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/13/us-wealth-inequality-top-01-worth-as-much-as-the-bottom-90\" target=\"_blank\"> economic research\u003c/a>. Such frustrations have become a key focus in this year’s presidential race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to public pressure, a number of states have recently raised their minimum wages, even as the federal minimum wage has been stuck at $7.25 since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade agreements have also emerged as a hot-button issue this election. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\"> Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a trade deal among the Pacific Rim countries, ruffled feathers at both the Republican and Democratic conventions. The agreement, backed by President Obama, would lower tariffs on imports and exports for the nations involved. However, critics, including some prominent Republicans and Democrats, argue the deal would hurt U.S. workers and send more jobs overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since becoming the Democratic nominee, Clinton has adopted some of Bernie Sanders’ more left-leaning positions on income inequality, and made the issue a more \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2015/12/08/ending-inversions-and-investing-in-america/\" target=\"_blank\"> central part\u003c/a> of her campaign. She’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2016/06/22/stronger-together-hillary-clintons-plan-for-an-economy-that-works-for-everyone-not-just-those-at-the-top/\" target=\"_blank\"> pledged to\u003c/a> “make the economy work for everyone, not just those at the top” through an ambitious plan that includes job creation, slashing corporate loopholes and raising the minimum wage (although not as high as the $15 per hour target set in the Democratic Party platform).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2016/05/25/hillary-clinton-will-make-the-boldest-investments-in-our-infrastructure-since-eisenhower-built-the-interstate-highway-system-donald-trump-will-build-a-wall/\" target=\"_blank\"> jobs plan\u003c/a>, which calls for “the boldest investment … since Eisenhower built the Interstate Highway System,” is mainly focused on the nation’s transportation, technology and energy sectors. To fund her plan, \u003ca href=\"http://finance.yahoo.com/news/conventional-tax-proposals-unconventional-us-082939987.html;_ylt=AwrBT9rgKrtXNcgANFJXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEyNnQ4cHI3BGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDVUkyQzNfMQRzZWMDc3I-\" target=\"_blank\"> Clinton proposes\u003c/a> raising taxes on the rich, including a minimum 30 percent tax rate for those making more than $1 million a year, and a 4 percent surcharge for incomes over $5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TPP became a deeply divisive issue leading up to the Democratic National Convention in July. Clinton’s former rival, Bernie Sanders, led a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/09/sanders-loses-on-trade-at-democratic-platform-meeting/\" target=\"_blank\"> failed campaign\u003c/a> to strike support for the TPP from the Democratic Party platform. Clinton supported the trade deal as a senator, but has reversed her stance amid criticism from Sanders supporters and labor leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump unveiled his \u003ci> “America First” \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-economic-plan-winning-the-global-competition\" target=\"_blank\"> economic plan\u003c/a> in early August, in his first comprehensive policy address on the issue. The proposal includes ways to simplify the tax code, increase trade enforcement with China and strike down federal agency regulations – which he describes as “the anchor dragging us down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s initial tax reform plan released last September proposed broad relief for the middle class and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-says-wealthy-may-see-tax-increase-1462741116\" target=\"_blank\"> closing loophole\u003c/a> for the rich. However, in response to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/donald-trump-taxes-tax-reform-223041\" target=\"_blank\"> criticism\u003c/a> that the plan would greatly expand the federal deficit, his campaign has released a revised \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-economy-speech.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\"> three-tier tax plan.\u003c/a> More in line with the Republican Party platform, the current proposal would cut top income tax rates from nearly 40 percent to 33 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has consistently appealed to \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\"> big business\u003c/a>, pledging to slash the top tax rate on corporations by more than half. Additionally, he wants to abolish the estate tax (which Republicans derisively call the “Death Tax) and make inheritance money tax-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the primaries, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to “at least $10,” but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\" target=\"_blank\"> strongly oppose\u003c/a> to the TPP, calling it “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism has reemerged as a major issue in this election. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to send more American ground troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton’s foreign policy positions are \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/feed/hillary-clinton-has-real-plan-defeat-isis-and-prevent-another-attack-brussels-heres-how/\" target=\"_blank\"> more hawkish\u003c/a> than those of President Obama, who she served under as Secretary of State until 2012. As a presidential candidate, she’s advocated for greater U.S. involvement overseas, and argues that the current administration should have acted more proactively to stop the rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq. Clinton is in favor of increasing pressure against ISIS by intensifying air and ground military campaigns and by launching an “intelligence surge” to discredit terrorist ideologies and thwart online recruitment tactics. As a senator, Clinton backed the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, and also supported the 2009 troop surge in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In a June \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\"> campaign speech\u003c/a>, Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace,” and has adopted rhetoric that’s much more isolationist than that of his opponent. He argues that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries, and has consistently claimed that he was strongly opposed to the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 (although a \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/22/donald-trump/trump-still-wrong-his-claim-opposed-iraq-war-ahead/\" target=\"_blank\">PolitiFact analysis\u003c/a> of Trump’s previous statements on Iraq contradicts this claim).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should continue to invest heavily in the military to protect its status as a world superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly vowed to “crush ISIS.” However, he’s remained intentionally vague on the specifics, claiming that “we must as a nation be more unpredictable.” At a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\"> campaign rally\u003c/a>, Trump called for upping attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like Guantanamo and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they’ve been far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CLIMATE CHANGE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try and make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions – even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\"> largest carbon emitter\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton has an \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/climate/\" target=\"_blank\">ambitious plan\u003c/a> to combat climate change, which she calls, “an urgent threat and a defining challenge of our time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She proposes to make the U.S. a “clean energy superpower” by implementing President Obama’s carbon reduction plan, cutting energy waste and oil consumption by a third and promoting the growth of renewables. She’s also pledged to oversee the installation of 500 million solar panels by the end of her first term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of Clinton’s plan is the $60 billion “Clean Energy Challenge” – a proposed federal grant program to help states and local communities adopt clean energy policies. Much of the plan is geared towards impacting low-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. He’s called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his “\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>,” he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\"> pledged\u003c/a> to renegotiate President Obama’s carbon reduction strategy, revive coal mining and other carbon-intensive industries and abolish what he calls the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-economic-plan-winning-the-global-competition\" target=\"_blank\">recent investigation\u003c/a> however, revealed that the candidate has had his own personal climate change concerns: he recently applied for permission to build a wall around one of his private golf courses in Ireland in order to protect it from “global warming and its effects,” according to the permit application.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act – or Obamacare as it’s known – was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some seven million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton has pledged to defend and build on Obamacare. Her \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/health-care/\" target=\"_blank\">health care proposal\u003c/a> focus primarily on lowering out-of-pocket expenses, reducing the cost of prescription drugs and expanding Medicaid for lower-income people. She’s also in support of tax credits for people purchasing health insurance on government exchanges, and has guaranteed that families will spend no more than 8.5 percent of their incomes on insurance premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and pledges to overturn it. On his campaign site, he calls the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and by removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing healthcare to undocumented immigrants costs $11 billion annually and that mass deportation would,“relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them – up from 29 million in 2008 – are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since winning the Democratic nomination, Clinton has adopted some of the more progressive measures proposed by her former rival Bernie Sanders. Although she did not originally, Clinton is now calling to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/07/us/politics/hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders-education.html\" target=\"_blank\"> eliminate tuition\u003c/a> at in-state public colleges and universities for families with incomes below $125,000. The plan would include federal tuition grants for states that agree to provide matching funds. While generally praised by young voters and education experts, some have criticized the plan for being light on details and unrealistic in terms of being able to get all states on board to fund it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other components of Mrs. Clinton’s plan include a three-month moratorium on federal student loan repayment and the restoration of year-round Pell Grant funding, a federal program for students with financial need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. During an April town hall event, he also suggested \u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/transcript/2016/04/04/donald-trump-on-what-learned-about-political-system-delegate-battle-gop/\" target=\"_blank\">eliminating\u003c/a> the Department of Education, which is the agency responsible for federal aid and Pell Grants. In late July, Trump announced that his campaign would likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/trackers/2016-08-09/trump-says-student-loan-plan-coming-likely-in-early-september\" target=\"_blank\">release its education plan\u003c/a> by early September.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003chead>\u003cstyle>\na.specialhover:hover \nimg {\n background-color: grey;\n}\n\u003c/style>\n\u003c/head>\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cb>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: large;\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #993300;\">Teach with the Lowdown\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/b>\u003cbr>\n\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-22868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg\" width=\"340\" height=\"122\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-400x143.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-800x286.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680-768x274.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/07/hands-e1469568663680.jpg 957w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">Suggestions for nonfiction analysis, discussion prompts and multimedia projects. Browse our lesson plan library \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/category/lesson-plans-and-guides/\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/Candidate-nine-issues-lesson-plan.docx_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">9 Issues Lesson plan (PDF)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/political_terminology.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Political terminology infographic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump share the dubious distinction of being among the \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/features/americans-distaste-for-both-trump-and-clinton-is-record-breaking/\" target=\"_blank\">least popular\u003c/a> presidential nominees in recent history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They don’t share much else, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2016 Democratic and Republican presidential candidates have vastly different worldviews, with often dramatically opposing visions of the kind of nation America should be and the type of government it should have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on issues in the grid below to learn more about what’s at stake in this election and the contrasting positions of the two candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"Issues\">\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: center;\">Big Issues of the 2016 Election\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Climate%20Change\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23328\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment-e1472253769729.png\" alt=\"environment\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Criminal%20Justice\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23327\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/CriminalJustice-e1472253783578.png\" alt=\"CriminalJustice\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Abortion\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23326\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortion-e1472253798930.png\" alt=\"abortion\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#National%20Defense\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23334\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/nationaldefense-e1472253534205.png\" alt=\"nationaldefense\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Money\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-23333 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/money-e1472253555593.png\" alt=\"money\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Immigration\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23332\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/Immigration-e1472253578957.png\" alt=\"Immigration\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Higher%20Education\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23331\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/HigherEducation-e1472253720385.png\" alt=\"Higher Education\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Health%20Care\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23330\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/Healthcare-e1472253739159.png\" alt=\"Healthcare\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"specialhover\" href=\"#Gun%20Control\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23329\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/GunControl-e1472253755463.png\" alt=\"GunControl\" width=\"200\" height=\"150\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Gun Control\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23240\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23240\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Source: Wikimedia Commons\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gunshow-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1a/Houston_Gun_Show_at_the_George_R._Brown_Convention_Center.jpg\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a> \u003ccite>(Wikipedia)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Gun Control\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The number of U.S. gun deaths has fallen considerably since peaking in the mid-1990s. But it still remains far higher than in any other wealthy nation in the world, as does the rate of \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> gun ownership.\u003c/a> And while mass shootings only make up a small percentage of total U.S. gun deaths, they occur with alarming frequency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue resurfaced in June, when a lone gunman wielding a semi-automatic rifle and a handgun singlehandedly killed 49 people at a gay nightclub in Orlando. The incident marked the deadliest mass shooting in American history, reigniting a fierce national debate over gun violence and gun control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the aftermath, Democratic leaders staged a day-long \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/22/483091059/demanding-action-on-gun-control-house-democrats-stage-sit-in\" target=\"_blank\"> sit-in\u003c/a> on the house floor, hoping to push legislation to broaden background checks and prevent people on the government’s “no-fly list” from purchasing firearms. Republican congressional leaders, however, denounced the action, and effectively \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/house-gop-indefinitely-delays-gun-control-votes-225234\" target=\"_blank\"> blocked a vote\u003c/a> on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the stalemate in congress, there’s strong public support for gun control measures. In a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/20/politics/cnn-gun-poll/\" target=\"_blank\"> CNN poll\u003c/a> 92 percent of respondents said they supported expanded background checks, and 85 percent want the “no-fly” purchasing ban. Nevertheless, the political influence of gun rights groups, like the National Rifle Association, remains huge, effectively squashing most efforts to strengthen gun laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the December 2015 mass shooting in San Bernardino, President Obama went around Congress and announced a series of executive actions to marginally expand background checks and crack down on illegal online gun sales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/gundata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://i2.cdn.turner.com/cnn/2016/images/06/20/cnn_orc_poll_june_20.pdf\"> CNN/ORC poll (survey conducted June, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.unodc.org/documents/data-and-analysis/tocta/6.Firearms.pdf\"> UNODC & Small Arms Survey\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cspan style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/span>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton is pushing for what she calls “common sense” \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/gun-violence-prevention/\" target=\"_blank\">reforms\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\nHer plan includes a ban on assault weapons, stricter background checks for firearm purchases and a crackdown on illegal gun traffickers. At a June campaign event in Chicago, she declared gun control a \u003ca href=\"https://www.dnainfo.com/chicago/20160627/south-loop/hillary-clinton-delivers-keynote-at-rainbow-push-convention\" target=\"_blank\">“civil rights issue”\u003c/a> and attacked the gun lobby for preventing legislative action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton has received some push-back from Democrats, including former-rival Bernie Sanders, for her proposal to make gun makers and sellers \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2015/10/26/opinions/keane-gun-liability-hillary-clinton/\" target=\"_blank\"> liable\u003c/a> for weapons that end up being used in crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cspan style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/span>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump calls gun bans \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/second-amendment-rights\" target=\"_blank\"> “a total failure.”\u003c/a> He’s opposed to any expansion of background checks and wants concealed carry permits to be allowed all 50 states. He has also pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/01/02/politics/donald-trump-obama-guns/\" target=\"_blank\"> “un-sign”\u003c/a> President Obama’s executive actions on gun control and eliminate gun-free zones in schools and on military bases. On his website, Trump states that an important way to fight crime is to “empower law-abiding gun owners to defend themselves.” He further claims that America’s failed mental health system, not gun legislation, is the real culprit behind the mass shooting dilemma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After receiving an endorsement from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/trump-nra-clinton-most-anti-gun-candidate-ever-n577711\" target=\"_blank\"> National Rifle Association\u003c/a> (NRA) in May, Trump called Clinton “the most anti-gun, anti-Second Amendment candidate to ever run for office.” And in early August, at a campaign rally in North Carolina, Trump made a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/09/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-second-amendment/\" target=\"_blank\"> controversial remark\u003c/a> about his opponent that was widely interpreted as inciting violence: “If she gets to pick her judges, nothing you can do, folks. Although the Second Amendment people, maybe there is, I don’t know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Abortion\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23242\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23242\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/plannedparenthood-400x171.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: \u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/cecooper/5479766813\" target=\"_blank\">Flickr/Charlotte Cooper\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>ABORTION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s been more than 40 years since the Supreme Court’s landmark \u003ci>Roe v. Wade\u003c/i> decision that protects a woman’s right to have an abortion. But Americans still remain deeply divided on the issue, particularly along religious and regional lines. In recent years, various \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/supreme-court-wont-revive-arizonas-strict-abortion-rules/2014/01/13/33feee68-7c60-11e3-95c6-0a7aa80874bc_story.html\" target=\"_blank\"> conservative states\u003c/a> in the South and Midwest have enacted laws aimed at restricting access to abortion facilities and services. However, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/28/us/supreme-court-texas-abortion.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\"> major ruling \u003c/a> in June, the Supreme Court struck down a Texas law that placed steep restrictions on abortion providers. Reaching a 5-3 decision, the Court found the state’s laws placed an “undue burden” on women seeking abortions, violating their constitutional rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23226\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23226\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png\" alt=\"Sources: Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports. *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\" width=\"796\" height=\"327\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated.png 796w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-400x164.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/abortiondata_updated-768x315.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 796px) 100vw, 796px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/06/27/5-facts-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm\" target=\"_blank\"> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Abortion Surveillance Reports.\u003c/a> *Based on legally induced abortions reported to the CDC.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cspan style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/span>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Throughout her career, Clinton has consistently described herself as \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/womens-rights-and-opportunity/\" target=\"_blank\"> “pro-choice.”\u003c/a> She’s fought efforts to defund Planned Parenthood, and opposed laws aimed at restricting access to safe, legal abortions. She praised the recent Supreme Court decision on Texas, and has pledged to continue working to protect \u003ci> Roe v Wade\u003c/i>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Democratic debate in March, Clinton said she would consider \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders-answer-questions-about-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\"> some restrictions\u003c/a> on late-term abortions, “so long as there is an exception for the life and health of the mother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton’s pick for Vice President, Tim Kaine, says he’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/tim-kaine-abortion-predicament-225053\" target=\"_blank\"> personally opposed\u003c/a> to abortion, but will work to uphold \u003ci> Roe v Wade.\u003c/i> Kaine has been criticized in the past by pro-choice groups for signing \u003ca href=\"http://www.prochoiceamerica.org/media/press-releases/2009/pr03302009_kaine.html\" target=\"_blank\"> “anti-choice”\u003c/a> bills into law as Governor of Virginia – however, since joining the Senate in 2012, he has consistently voted in line with abortion-rights advocates and the Democratic Party platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Prior to running for office, Trump described himself as, “very pro-choice.” However, as a candidate, he’s shifted his position to one more in line with the Republican Party’s anti-abortion stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After catching heat for suggesting that women should receive \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/3/30/11333472/trump-abortions-punishment-women\" target=\"_blank\"> “some sort of punishment”\u003c/a> for having an abortion, his campaign back-peddled, saying that Trump believes the person performing the procedure should be held accountable, not the woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is pledging to change abortion laws by appointing pro-life judges, particularly to the Supreme Court. He also advocates allowing states to protect the rights of the unborn. He does, however, stray from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/21/politics/donald-trump-republican-platform-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\"> Republican platform\u003c/a> in arguing that abortion laws should contain exceptions for rape and incest, when the life of the mother is at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s running mate, Indiana Governor Mike Pence, is a vocal anti-abortion advocate, recently signing into law \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/03/24/politics/mike-pence-indiana-disability-abortion/\" target=\"_blank\"> broad restrictions\u003c/a> for doctors and women who seek abortions in Indiana, which already has restrictive abortion laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Immigration\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/borderwall.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Border_Mexico_USA.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>IMMIGRATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Immigration policy is one of the most divisive issues in this election. The United States has long been a top destination for foreigners, attracting roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\"> 20 percent\u003c/a> of the world’s immigrant population. The more than 41 million immigrants who live here make up roughly 13 percent of the nation’s total population. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/11/19/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/\" target=\"_blank\"> 11.3 million\u003c/a> of them are undocumented: living here without legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although most Americans believe it’s unrealistic to deport every undocumented immigrant, many support some tighter immigration restrictions. Only about a third, though, are in favor of building a U.S.-Mexican border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a> found that 75 percent of Americans say undocumented immigrants who meet certain requirements should be allowed to stay in the U.S. legally, and a majority (59 percent) say immigrants strengthen the country through their hard work and talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/06/22/us/who-is-affected-by-supreme-court-decision-on-immigration.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\"> Supreme Court\u003c/a> upheld a lower court’s decision overturning President Obama’s executive actions that would have protected nearly five million undocumented immigrants from deportation. The decision leaves federal immigration reform unresolved, an issue the next president will likely address.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/immigrationdata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"345\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/04/15/americans-views-of-immigrants-marked-by-widening-partisan-generational-divides/\" target=\"_blank\">Pew Research Center (survey conducted March, 2016 )\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/frequently-requested-statistics-immigrants-and-immigration-united-states\" target=\"_blank\">Migration Policy Institute (based on 1970-2000 decennial Census data)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton supported President Obama’s executive actions to provide deportation relief to eligible undocumented immigrants. She’s vowed to go beyond Obama’s short-term measures and fight for \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/immigration-reform/\" target=\"_blank\"> comprehensive immigration reform\u003c/a> that includes a path to citizenship. She’s also proposed reducing barriers to naturalization for green card holders, closing private immigration detention centers and creating the first national \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/blogs/2016-dem-primary-live-updates-and-results/2016/04/hillary-clinton-immigrants-affairs-221873\" target=\"_blank\"> Office of Immigrant Affairs\u003c/a> to coordinate programs across federal agencies, as well as state and local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton also supports a \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/13/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-hillary-clinton-wants-let-500-pe/\" target=\"_blank\"> five-fold increase\u003c/a> — from 10,000 to 65,000 — in the number of Syrian refugees allowed to enter the United States. However, \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/statements/2015/12/15/comprehensive-plan-to-bolster-homeland-security/\" target=\"_blank\"> she maintains\u003c/a> that the U.S. would have to, “be vigilant in screening and vetting refugees from Syria” – a \u003ca href=\"http://time.com/4116619/syrian-refugees-screening-process/\" target=\"_blank\"> multi-step process\u003c/a> that currently takes 18 to 24 months to complete. She’s consistently criticized \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/06/14/us/politics/donald-trump-hillary-clinton-speeches.html\" target=\"_blank\"> Trump’s plan\u003c/a> to ban Muslim immigration as discriminatory and counterproductive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump has made \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/immigration-reform\" target=\"_blank\"> tough immigration policy\u003c/a> one of the cornerstones of his campaign. From the beginning of his campaign, he’s promised to deport all 11.3 million undocumented immigrants, consistently accusing them of stealing jobs from U.S. citizens, straining public resources and jeopardizing national security. A key part of his plan is building a U.S.-Mexico border wall, and making Mexico foot the estimated $10 billion bill. At a press conference announcing his run for president last year, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2015/06/16/full-text-donald-trump-announces-a-presidential-bid/#annotations:7472552\" target=\"_blank\"> infamously said\u003c/a>: “When Mexico sends its people, they’re not sending their best … They’re bringing drugs. They’re bringing crime. They’re rapists. And some, I assume, are good people.” His plans also include tripling the number of immigration enforcement officers and ending the constitutional guarantee of birthright citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Trump had hinted at the possibility of softening his hard-line stance on removing all undocumented immigrants — and even arranged a surprise meeting in late August with Mexico’s president — the candidate recently outlined a\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/donald-trumps-10-point-immigration-plan/\" target=\"_blank\"> 10-point immigration plan\u003c/a>, reiterating his intention to crack down on illegal immigration, build a wall and even set new historically low caps on legal immigration. Although he shelved his initial pledge to hunt down and deport all 11 million undocumented immigrants, he didn’t say he was taking the idea off the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Criminal Justice\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisoncell.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c2/Alcatraz_prison_cell_(pfnatic).JPG\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CRIMINAL JUSTICE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The United States has one of the highest incarceration rates in the world. About \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonpolicy.org/reports/pie2016.html\" target=\"_blank\">2.3 million\u003c/a> people are currently behind bars, or roughly 716 for every 100,000 people. The huge prison population is the result of decades of harsh sentencing policies and steep penalties for non-violent drug offenses. Because of the system’s astronomical costs and the stark racial disparities of those impacted, prison reform is actually one of the few issues in which Republicans and Democrats have found some common ground. Although strategies differ, both parties agree that it’s necessary to end mass incarceration, and reduce the severity of sentences for low-level, non-violent offenders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of recent high-profile police shootings and the rise of the Black Lives Matter movement, both parties have also been forced to confront issues on policing and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/prisondata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"359\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewtrusts.org/~/media/assets/2012/03/30/pew_nationalsurveyresearchpaper_final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Prison Policy Initiative: “Public Opinion on Sentencing & Corrections Policy in America” (March 2012)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total\" target=\"_blank\"> World Prison Brief – Institute for Criminal Policy Research (2013)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton has worked hard to try to distance herself from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.salon.com/2016/05/07/its_worse_than_just_the_1994_crime_bill_the_clintons_criminal_justice_and_the_damage_of_90s_crime_politics/\" target=\"_blank\"> criminal justice policies\u003c/a> implemented during her husband’s administration. In 1994, President Bill Clinton signed into law a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncjrs.gov/txtfiles/billfs.txt\" target=\"_blank\"> sweeping crime bill\u003c/a> that some blame for the drastic spike in the nation’s prison population. Hillary Clinton has \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/criminal-justice-reform/\" target=\"_blank\"> pledged to reverse\u003c/a> many of those policies, vowing to end mass incarceration and close private prisons. She also plans to reform mandatory minimum sentencing for non-violent offenders and redirect federal enforcement resources away from the War on Drugs and towards combating violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She supports police body cameras and says she would provide federal matching funds to allow state and local police departments to implement emerging technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the primary elections, Clinton met with members of the Black Lives Matter movement, and following a series of high-profile police shootings in early July, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HillaryClinton/status/751133678269587456\" target=\"_blank\">tweeted:\u003c/a> “Alton Sterling Matters. Philando Castile Matters. Black Lives Matter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump hasn’t released any formal positions on criminal justice and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/5/25/11737264/donald-trump-criminal-justice-republican-president\" target=\"_blank\"> yet to clearly outline\u003c/a> how he’d specifically address the issue. He’s repeatedly promised to be \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/Politics/donald-trump-restore-law-order-week-police-involved/story?id=40429817\" target=\"_blank\"> tough on crime\u003c/a> and “restore law and order.” He also claims that \u003ca href=\"http://www.msnbc.com/msnbc/watch/trump-police-are-mistreated-misunderstood-617933379521\" target=\"_blank\"> police are often\u003c/a> “mistreated and misunderstood,” and says that the nation’s “racial tensions have gotten worse, not better.” Recently, Trump has noted the level of crime and poverty in many inner-city communities, claiming that unlike Democratic leaders, he would make conditions better. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/08/19/politics/donald-trump-african-american-voters/\" target=\"_blank\">speech in August\u003c/a> he appealed to black voters, asking: “What the hell do you have to lose?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Money\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/bills.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/Money_Cash.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>MONEY\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The economy is officially rebounding from the depths of the 2008 recession, and employment rates continue to rise. However, with the continuing loss of manufacturing jobs, wages have remained stagnant for millions of Americans, a factor that’s contributed to a shrinking middle class and growing gap between rich and poor. Wealth inequality in the U.S. is now at near record highs, with about 90 percent of wealth owned by the top .1 percent of families, according to recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/nov/13/us-wealth-inequality-top-01-worth-as-much-as-the-bottom-90\" target=\"_blank\"> economic research\u003c/a>. Such frustrations have become a key focus in this year’s presidential race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to public pressure, a number of states have recently raised their minimum wages, even as the federal minimum wage has been stuck at $7.25 since 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trade agreements have also emerged as a hot-button issue this election. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/07/29/the-trans-pacific-partnership-explained/\" target=\"_blank\"> Trans-Pacific Partnership\u003c/a>, a trade deal among the Pacific Rim countries, ruffled feathers at both the Republican and Democratic conventions. The agreement, backed by President Obama, would lower tariffs on imports and exports for the nations involved. However, critics, including some prominent Republicans and Democrats, argue the deal would hurt U.S. workers and send more jobs overseas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/wealthdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182987/americans-continue-say-wealth-distribution-unfair.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Gallup Poll Series (survey conducted April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage\" target=\"_blank\"> United States Department of Labor (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since becoming the Democratic nominee, Clinton has adopted some of Bernie Sanders’ more left-leaning positions on income inequality, and made the issue a more \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2015/12/08/ending-inversions-and-investing-in-america/\" target=\"_blank\"> central part\u003c/a> of her campaign. She’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2016/06/22/stronger-together-hillary-clintons-plan-for-an-economy-that-works-for-everyone-not-just-those-at-the-top/\" target=\"_blank\"> pledged to\u003c/a> “make the economy work for everyone, not just those at the top” through an ambitious plan that includes job creation, slashing corporate loopholes and raising the minimum wage (although not as high as the $15 per hour target set in the Democratic Party platform).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/briefing/factsheets/2016/05/25/hillary-clinton-will-make-the-boldest-investments-in-our-infrastructure-since-eisenhower-built-the-interstate-highway-system-donald-trump-will-build-a-wall/\" target=\"_blank\"> jobs plan\u003c/a>, which calls for “the boldest investment … since Eisenhower built the Interstate Highway System,” is mainly focused on the nation’s transportation, technology and energy sectors. To fund her plan, \u003ca href=\"http://finance.yahoo.com/news/conventional-tax-proposals-unconventional-us-082939987.html;_ylt=AwrBT9rgKrtXNcgANFJXNyoA;_ylu=X3oDMTEyNnQ4cHI3BGNvbG8DYmYxBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDVUkyQzNfMQRzZWMDc3I-\" target=\"_blank\"> Clinton proposes\u003c/a> raising taxes on the rich, including a minimum 30 percent tax rate for those making more than $1 million a year, and a 4 percent surcharge for incomes over $5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The TPP became a deeply divisive issue leading up to the Democratic National Convention in July. Clinton’s former rival, Bernie Sanders, led a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/post-politics/wp/2016/07/09/sanders-loses-on-trade-at-democratic-platform-meeting/\" target=\"_blank\"> failed campaign\u003c/a> to strike support for the TPP from the Democratic Party platform. Clinton supported the trade deal as a senator, but has reversed her stance amid criticism from Sanders supporters and labor leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trump unveiled his \u003ci> “America First” \u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-economic-plan-winning-the-global-competition\" target=\"_blank\"> economic plan\u003c/a> in early August, in his first comprehensive policy address on the issue. The proposal includes ways to simplify the tax code, increase trade enforcement with China and strike down federal agency regulations – which he describes as “the anchor dragging us down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s initial tax reform plan released last September proposed broad relief for the middle class and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-says-wealthy-may-see-tax-increase-1462741116\" target=\"_blank\"> closing loophole\u003c/a> for the rich. However, in response to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2016/05/donald-trump-taxes-tax-reform-223041\" target=\"_blank\"> criticism\u003c/a> that the plan would greatly expand the federal deficit, his campaign has released a revised \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/09/us/politics/donald-trump-economy-speech.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\"> three-tier tax plan.\u003c/a> More in line with the Republican Party platform, the current proposal would cut top income tax rates from nearly 40 percent to 33 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has consistently appealed to \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/08/donald-trump-corporate-tax/\" target=\"_blank\"> big business\u003c/a>, pledging to slash the top tax rate on corporations by more than half. Additionally, he wants to abolish the estate tax (which Republicans derisively call the “Death Tax) and make inheritance money tax-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the primaries, Trump advocated strongly against raising the federal minimum wage, but has since \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/fact-checker/wp/2016/08/03/a-guide-to-all-of-donald-trumps-flip-flops-on-the-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\"> shifted his position\u003c/a>. More recently, he has suggested it \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/07/27/politics/donald-trump-minimum-wage/\" target=\"_blank\"> should be increased\u003c/a> to “at least $10,” but thinks it’s an issue best left to the states, not the federal government, to decide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is also \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/06/28/politics/donald-trump-special-interests-rape-our-country/\" target=\"_blank\"> strongly oppose\u003c/a> to the TPP, calling it “another disaster done and pushed by special interests who want to rape our country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"National Defense\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/military.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9a/Helicopter_Extraction-Tal_Afar_Iraq.jpg\" target=\"_blank\"> Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>NATIONAL DEFENSE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In reaction to the rise of the Islamic State (ISIS) and recent attacks at home and abroad, global terrorism has reemerged as a major issue in this election. A majority of Americans continue to approve of U.S. military campaigns against ISIS in Iraq and Syria, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\"> Pew Research poll\u003c/a>, although there’s wide disagreement on whether to send more American ground troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same poll, however, about 70 percent of respondents said the next president should focus more on domestic policy than foreign policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/militarydata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"326\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.people-press.org/2016/05/05/4-u-s-military-action-against-isis-policy-toward-terrorism/\" target=\"_blank\"> Pew Research poll (survey conducted April, 2016)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sipri.org/research/armaments/milex\" target=\"_blank\"> Stockholm International Peace Research Institute\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton’s foreign policy positions are \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/feed/hillary-clinton-has-real-plan-defeat-isis-and-prevent-another-attack-brussels-heres-how/\" target=\"_blank\"> more hawkish\u003c/a> than those of President Obama, who she served under as Secretary of State until 2012. As a presidential candidate, she’s advocated for greater U.S. involvement overseas, and argues that the current administration should have acted more proactively to stop the rise of ISIS in Syria and Iraq. Clinton is in favor of increasing pressure against ISIS by intensifying air and ground military campaigns and by launching an “intelligence surge” to discredit terrorist ideologies and thwart online recruitment tactics. As a senator, Clinton backed the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003, and also supported the 2009 troop surge in Afghanistan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In a June \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/28/us/politics/transcript-trump-foreign-policy.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\"> campaign speech\u003c/a>, Trump described his foreign policy plan as replacing “chaos with peace,” and has adopted rhetoric that’s much more isolationist than that of his opponent. He argues that America needs to focus on defending its own border rather than borders of others countries, and has consistently claimed that he was strongly opposed to the U.S. invasion of Iraq in 2003 (although a \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/22/donald-trump/trump-still-wrong-his-claim-opposed-iraq-war-ahead/\" target=\"_blank\">PolitiFact analysis\u003c/a> of Trump’s previous statements on Iraq contradicts this claim).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\"> Trump says\u003c/a> that although “war and aggression will not be my first instinct,” the U.S. should continue to invest heavily in the military to protect its status as a world superpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly vowed to “crush ISIS.” However, he’s remained intentionally vague on the specifics, claiming that “we must as a nation be more unpredictable.” At a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2016/07/12/trump_were_not_closing_gitmo_were_going_to_fill_it_up.html\" target=\"_blank\"> campaign rally\u003c/a>, Trump called for upping attacks against terrorists, sending more of them to U.S. military prisons like Guantanamo and expanding the use of forceful interrogation methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s been outspoken in his opposition to President Obama‘s defense and foreign policy strategies, arguing that they’ve been far too lenient with known enemies, hurt U.S. relations with allies and made America weaker. “Our foreign policy is a complete and total disaster,” he said in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/donald-j.-trump-foreign-policy-speech\" target=\"_blank\"> April speech\u003c/a>. “No vision, no purpose, no direction, no strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Climate Change\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environment.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Source: \u003ca href=\"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/54/Sheringham_Shoal_Wind_Farm_2012.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Wikimedia Commons\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>CLIMATE CHANGE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Obama was unable to push through any domestic climate change legislation during his presidency, but his administration has continued to try and make the United States a global leader in curbing carbon emissions – even as it remains one of the world’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/science_and_impacts/science/each-countrys-share-of-co2.html#.VmDMZb8sBoE\" target=\"_blank\"> largest carbon emitter\u003c/a>. At the United Nations climate change conference in Paris last December, the administration pledged a 32 percent reduction in the nation’s carbon emissions by 2030 (from 2005 levels) – a proposal that faces staunch opposition from Republican leaders in Congress and is also being challenged in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although renewable energy use is growing, America remains deeply \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=427&t=3\" target=\"_blank\">reliant on fossil fuels\u003c/a>. Coal, natural gas and oil still comprise about two-thirds of our total energy generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals to increase alternative energy production and reduce emissions are often perceived as a threat to the economy and jobs, particularly in regions where fossil fuel production remains the backbone of the local economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these concerns, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\"> strong majority\u003c/a> of Americans (71 percent, according to a 2015 poll) agree that “the country should do whatever it takes to protect the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/environmentdata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"331\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/key-data-points/environment-energy-2/\" target=\"_blank\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/tools/models/timeseries.cfm\" target=\"_blank\"> U.S. Energy Information Administration (2014)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton has an \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/climate/\" target=\"_blank\">ambitious plan\u003c/a> to combat climate change, which she calls, “an urgent threat and a defining challenge of our time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She proposes to make the U.S. a “clean energy superpower” by implementing President Obama’s carbon reduction plan, cutting energy waste and oil consumption by a third and promoting the growth of renewables. She’s also pledged to oversee the installation of 500 million solar panels by the end of her first term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The centerpiece of Clinton’s plan is the $60 billion “Clean Energy Challenge” – a proposed federal grant program to help states and local communities adopt clean energy policies. Much of the plan is geared towards impacting low-income communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Despite broad scientific consensus, Trump disputes the notion that climate change is caused by human activity. He’s called global warming a “hoax” and a “pseudoscience” invented by America’s global competitors to \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/jun/03/hillary-clinton/yes-donald-trump-did-call-climate-change-chinese-h/\" target=\"_blank\">stifle U.S. economic growth\u003c/a>. As spelled out in his “\u003ci>America First Energy Plan\u003c/i>,” he’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-energy-plan\" target=\"_blank\"> pledged\u003c/a> to renegotiate President Obama’s carbon reduction strategy, revive coal mining and other carbon-intensive industries and abolish what he calls the “totalitarian” Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/press-releases/an-america-first-economic-plan-winning-the-global-competition\" target=\"_blank\">recent investigation\u003c/a> however, revealed that the candidate has had his own personal climate change concerns: he recently applied for permission to build a wall around one of his private golf courses in Ireland in order to protect it from “global warming and its effects,” according to the permit application.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Health Care\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/drugs.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.stockmonkeys.com\" target=\"_blank\">StockMonkeys.com\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HEALTH CARE\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Although the Affordable Care Act – or Obamacare as it’s known – was signed into law in 2010 and survived two major Supreme Court challenges, it’s still among the most hotly contested partisan issues in American politics. Since it went into effect in 2014, some seven million more Americans now have some form of health coverage, according to Centers for Disease Control \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201508.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> estimates\u003c/a>. The fundamental disagreement, though, still rests on whether the government can or should require its citizens to have health insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/healthcaredata_updated.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/04/opinions-on-obamacare-remain-divided-along-party-lines-as-supreme-court-hears-new-challenge/\" target=\"_blank\">Pew Research Report (January, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/global-indicator/health-expenditure-per-capita/\" target=\"_blank\"> Kaiser Family Foundation (2012)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Clinton has pledged to defend and build on Obamacare. Her \u003ca href=\"https://www.hillaryclinton.com/issues/health-care/\" target=\"_blank\">health care proposal\u003c/a> focus primarily on lowering out-of-pocket expenses, reducing the cost of prescription drugs and expanding Medicaid for lower-income people. She’s also in support of tax credits for people purchasing health insurance on government exchanges, and has guaranteed that families will spend no more than 8.5 percent of their incomes on insurance premiums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Like much of the Republican establishment, Trump is staunchly \u003ca href=\"https://www.donaldjtrump.com/positions/healthcare-reform\" target=\"_blank\">opposed to Obamacare\u003c/a>, and pledges to overturn it. On his campaign site, he calls the law, “an incredible economic burden” that’s resulted in “less competition and fewer choices.” He aims to restore “free market principles” by allowing people to deduct health insurance payments from their tax returns, and by removing barriers to entry for legal drug providers to lower prescription costs. Trump also claims that providing healthcare to undocumented immigrants costs $11 billion annually and that mass deportation would,“relieve healthcare cost pressure on state and local governments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch1 id=\"Higher Education\">\u003c/h1>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/graduation.jpg\" width=\"700\" height=\"300\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit:\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatcouldgowrong/4608963722\" target=\"_blank\"> Flickr/John Walker\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>HIGHER EDUCATION\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Amid the skyrocketing cost of private and public universities, student debt has reached historic highs. More Americans than ever before are attending college. That’s generally considered a good thing, but about \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2014/09/10/pf/college/student-loans/\" target=\"_blank\"> 40 million\u003c/a> of them – up from 29 million in 2008 – are currently paying off student loans. On average, borrowers are carrying $29,000 in loans (up from $23,000 in 2008). That amounts to roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/11/upshot/new-data-gives-clearer-picture-of-student-debt.html?_r=1\" target=\"_blank\">$1.2 trillion\u003c/a> in student debt, three times what it was 10 years ago. According to recent data from the U.S. Department of Education, nearly \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/about-7-million-americans-havent-paid-federal-student-loans-in-at-least-a-year-1440175645\" target=\"_blank\">7 million Americans\u003c/a> in the past year defaulted (failed to make a payment for over a year) on their federal student loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 796px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2016/08/collegedata.png\" width=\"796\" height=\"322\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sources: \u003ca href=\"http://www.gallup.com/poll/182441/americans-say-higher-education-not-affordable.aspx\" target=\"_blank\"> Gallup Poll (April, 2015)\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing/figures-tables/tuition-and-fees-and-room-and-board-over-time-1975-76-2015-16-selected-years\" target=\"_blank\"> College Board (2015)\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: blue;\">Hillary Clinton\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since winning the Democratic nomination, Clinton has adopted some of the more progressive measures proposed by her former rival Bernie Sanders. Although she did not originally, Clinton is now calling to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/07/us/politics/hillary-clinton-bernie-sanders-education.html\" target=\"_blank\"> eliminate tuition\u003c/a> at in-state public colleges and universities for families with incomes below $125,000. The plan would include federal tuition grants for states that agree to provide matching funds. While generally praised by young voters and education experts, some have criticized the plan for being light on details and unrealistic in terms of being able to get all states on board to fund it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other components of Mrs. Clinton’s plan include a three-month moratorium on federal student loan repayment and the restoration of year-round Pell Grant funding, a federal program for students with financial need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"color: red;\">Donald Trump\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said \u003ca href=\"https://www.boston.com/news/politics/2016/05/17/what-college-students-should-expect-from-donald-trump-hillary-clinton-and-bernie-sanders\" target=\"_blank\">very little\u003c/a> regarding college affordability. He’s acknowledged the rising cost of higher education and said that he wants to help people struggling with student loan debt, but has offered little in the way of specific proposals. During an April town hall event, he also suggested \u003ca href=\"http://www.foxnews.com/transcript/2016/04/04/donald-trump-on-what-learned-about-political-system-delegate-battle-gop/\" target=\"_blank\">eliminating\u003c/a> the Department of Education, which is the agency responsible for federal aid and Pell Grants. In late July, Trump announced that his campaign would likely \u003ca href=\"http://www.bloomberg.com/politics/trackers/2016-08-09/trump-says-student-loan-plan-coming-likely-in-early-september\" target=\"_blank\">release its education plan\u003c/a> by early September.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"#Issues\">Back to Issues\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Can Schools Make Lunches More Appealing to Teens?",
"headTitle": "How Can Schools Make Lunches More Appealing to Teens? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/175848336″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured media resource: \u003ca href=\"https://youthradio.org/news/article/making-lunch-local-for-california-kids/\">Making Lunch Local for California Kids\u003c/a> (Youth Radio)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>California public schools serve 560 million lunches a year. In a place that also grows a lot of this country’s food, it makes sense that California kids would eat California meals. That’s the idea behind a new school lunch plan that rolled out in late October called California Thursdays. Fifteen districts across the state have partnered with the program, including the biggest, like Los Angeles and San Diego. Youth Radio reporter Maya Escobar samples one of the new California Thursday recipes, and goes over the benefits and challenges involved in overhauling school lunch.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How can schools make lunches more appealing to teens? Are teens willing to eat healthier, locally-sourced school lunches? Why do you think some pushes for healthier and more environmentally sustainable school lunch have failed? Share a picture of what you like to eat for lunch and explain why. \u003cstrong>#DoNowLunch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now, you can comment below or post your response on social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr, Vine, Flickr, Google +, etc. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowLunch\u003c/em>\u003ci> \u003c/i>in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go here for\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More about School Lunches\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>School lunchrooms are sometimes called the biggest restaurant chain in America, and in districts across the country, there’s a push for healthier, locally sourced ingredients. Given the fact that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm\">childhood obesity\u003c/a> has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years, revamping school lunch menus sounds like a really good idea. But in practice, improving school lunch is harder than it sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 347px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2014/11/school_lunch.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2014/11/school_lunch.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Department of Agriculture\" width=\"347\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2014/11/school_lunch.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2014/11/school_lunch-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first issue is cost. School lunch is bound by federal requirements and a strict budget. And local, sustainably grown ingredients often cost more than standard school lunch fare. Some districts have dealt with increased food prices by serving more vegetarian meals. Others have limited their special menus to just a few times a month, rather than every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second issue is choice. In some \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michelle-obamas-school-lunch-agenda-faces-backlash-from-some-school-nutrition-officials/2014/05/29/6a8e4af6-e744-11e3-afc6-a1dd9407abcf_story.html\">school districts\u003c/a>, healthier lunch options haven’t gone over so well. For example, Michelle Obama’s school lunch agenda faced backlash from many school districts, students, and some politicians who resisted the federal government’s intervention around decisions around what schools offer their students for lunch, pushing her to defend the policy to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/17/local/la-me-food-lausd-20111218\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reported that LA Unified School District, the second biggest in the country, launched a healthier food initiative. The district nixed chocolate and strawberry milk and foods high in fat and sodium, like chicken nuggets and corn dogs. Instead, they served healthier alternatives like vegetarian curries, tamales, and quinoa. While nutritionists praised the changes, local students were not so pleased. School lunch participation in the district dropped by the thousands, and school administrators said many students were simply throwing away their milk and entrees. In the end, the districts ended up cutting many of the new menu items and bringing back old student favorites, such as hamburgers and pizza (though reportedly swapping in whole wheat crusts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past month, LAUSD was one of fifteen districts across California to participate in a new initiative called “California Thursdays.” One day per week, schools in these districts will aim to serve local and, if possible, sustainable ingredients. The program is just getting started, but food service officials seem hopeful that it will be a boon — for local economies and local students alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, one of the participating districts, 17-year-old Ayana Edgerly is a fan. “The food is way better in the cafeteria on Thursdays,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3> \u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/california-school-district-rewrites-menu-student-lunches/\">California School District Rewrites Menu For School Lunch\u003c/a> (PBS NewsHour)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor children across the country, returning to school means eating mass-produced lunches. But Oakland, California, is implementing an ambitious plan to transform their lunch program to provide healthier, locally-sourced food. Jake Schoneker and his student journalists at Media Enterprise Alliance report the story as part of The PBS Student Reporting Labs Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"https://youthradio.org/news/article/youth-radio-podcast-consumer-appropriation/\">Kids Create Parody Video To Protest School Lunch”\u003c/a> (Time)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWritten by an English teacher in Kansas and performed by high school students, this musical parody video protest of lower calorie school lunches went viral in 2012. The song, called “We are Hungry,” features lyrics such as: \u003cem>Give me some seconds/ I, I need to get some food today/ My friends are at the corner store/ Getting junk so they don’t waste away.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/10/beef-loving-nebraskan-kids-now-eat-veggie-burgers/381633/\">Inside The New School Lunch\u003c/a> (The Atlantic)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“The School Nutrition Association, the school food vendors’ lobby, says student participation in the school lunch program has plummeted, and that schools are reporting devastating declines in lunch revenue. Perhaps most importantly, studies found that kids, though forced to take the fruit in line, were throwing them away without taking a single bite. But not, apparently, in Lincoln, Nebraska. The Lincoln public school system has gone above and beyond the legal requirements, dishing out a daily vegetable smorgasbord.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WEBSITE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.letsmove.gov/\">Let’s Move!\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLet’s Move! is an initiative, launched by First Lady Michelle Obama, “aimed at solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation, so that children born today will grow up healthier and able to pursue their dreams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> This KQED Do Now segment was produced in collaboration with Youth Radio, the Peabody Award-winning youth-driven production company headquartered in Oakland, California. This post was written by Teresa Chin at Youth Radio. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='undefined' height='undefined'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/175848336″&visual=true&undefined'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/175848336″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Featured media resource: \u003ca href=\"https://youthradio.org/news/article/making-lunch-local-for-california-kids/\">Making Lunch Local for California Kids\u003c/a> (Youth Radio)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>California public schools serve 560 million lunches a year. In a place that also grows a lot of this country’s food, it makes sense that California kids would eat California meals. That’s the idea behind a new school lunch plan that rolled out in late October called California Thursdays. Fifteen districts across the state have partnered with the program, including the biggest, like Los Angeles and San Diego. Youth Radio reporter Maya Escobar samples one of the new California Thursday recipes, and goes over the benefits and challenges involved in overhauling school lunch.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Do Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How can schools make lunches more appealing to teens? Are teens willing to eat healthier, locally-sourced school lunches? Why do you think some pushes for healthier and more environmentally sustainable school lunch have failed? Share a picture of what you like to eat for lunch and explain why. \u003cstrong>#DoNowLunch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>How to Do Now \u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To respond to the Do Now, you can comment below or post your response on social media platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, Tumblr, Vine, Flickr, Google +, etc. \u003cstrong>Just be sure to include \u003cem>#DoNowLunch\u003c/em>\u003ci> \u003c/i>in your posts.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Go here for\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/about-do-now/\"> best practices \u003c/a>for using Do Now, using \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/how-to-use-twitter-in-your-teaching-practice/\">Twitter for teaching\u003c/a>, and using other \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/category/tools/\">digital tools\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More about School Lunches\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>School lunchrooms are sometimes called the biggest restaurant chain in America, and in districts across the country, there’s a push for healthier, locally sourced ingredients. Given the fact that \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm\">childhood obesity\u003c/a> has more than doubled in children and quadrupled in adolescents in the past 30 years, revamping school lunch menus sounds like a really good idea. But in practice, improving school lunch is harder than it sounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_14913\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 347px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2014/11/school_lunch.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-14913\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2014/11/school_lunch.jpg\" alt=\"U.S. Department of Agriculture\" width=\"347\" height=\"195\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2014/11/school_lunch.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2014/11/school_lunch-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Department of Agriculture\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first issue is cost. School lunch is bound by federal requirements and a strict budget. And local, sustainably grown ingredients often cost more than standard school lunch fare. Some districts have dealt with increased food prices by serving more vegetarian meals. Others have limited their special menus to just a few times a month, rather than every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second issue is choice. In some \u003ca href=\"http://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/michelle-obamas-school-lunch-agenda-faces-backlash-from-some-school-nutrition-officials/2014/05/29/6a8e4af6-e744-11e3-afc6-a1dd9407abcf_story.html\">school districts\u003c/a>, healthier lunch options haven’t gone over so well. For example, Michelle Obama’s school lunch agenda faced backlash from many school districts, students, and some politicians who resisted the federal government’s intervention around decisions around what schools offer their students for lunch, pushing her to defend the policy to Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2011/dec/17/local/la-me-food-lausd-20111218\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reported that LA Unified School District, the second biggest in the country, launched a healthier food initiative. The district nixed chocolate and strawberry milk and foods high in fat and sodium, like chicken nuggets and corn dogs. Instead, they served healthier alternatives like vegetarian curries, tamales, and quinoa. While nutritionists praised the changes, local students were not so pleased. School lunch participation in the district dropped by the thousands, and school administrators said many students were simply throwing away their milk and entrees. In the end, the districts ended up cutting many of the new menu items and bringing back old student favorites, such as hamburgers and pizza (though reportedly swapping in whole wheat crusts).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past month, LAUSD was one of fifteen districts across California to participate in a new initiative called “California Thursdays.” One day per week, schools in these districts will aim to serve local and, if possible, sustainable ingredients. The program is just getting started, but food service officials seem hopeful that it will be a boon — for local economies and local students alike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Oakland, one of the participating districts, 17-year-old Ayana Edgerly is a fan. “The food is way better in the cafeteria on Thursdays,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3> \u003cstrong>More Resources\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/california-school-district-rewrites-menu-student-lunches/\">California School District Rewrites Menu For School Lunch\u003c/a> (PBS NewsHour)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFor children across the country, returning to school means eating mass-produced lunches. But Oakland, California, is implementing an ambitious plan to transform their lunch program to provide healthier, locally-sourced food. Jake Schoneker and his student journalists at Media Enterprise Alliance report the story as part of The PBS Student Reporting Labs Network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"https://youthradio.org/news/article/youth-radio-podcast-consumer-appropriation/\">Kids Create Parody Video To Protest School Lunch”\u003c/a> (Time)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWritten by an English teacher in Kansas and performed by high school students, this musical parody video protest of lower calorie school lunches went viral in 2012. The song, called “We are Hungry,” features lyrics such as: \u003cem>Give me some seconds/ I, I need to get some food today/ My friends are at the corner store/ Getting junk so they don’t waste away.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ARTICLE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/10/beef-loving-nebraskan-kids-now-eat-veggie-burgers/381633/\">Inside The New School Lunch\u003c/a> (The Atlantic)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“The School Nutrition Association, the school food vendors’ lobby, says student participation in the school lunch program has plummeted, and that schools are reporting devastating declines in lunch revenue. Perhaps most importantly, studies found that kids, though forced to take the fruit in line, were throwing them away without taking a single bite. But not, apparently, in Lincoln, Nebraska. The Lincoln public school system has gone above and beyond the legal requirements, dishing out a daily vegetable smorgasbord.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WEBSITE: \u003ca href=\"http://www.letsmove.gov/\">Let’s Move!\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nLet’s Move! is an initiative, launched by First Lady Michelle Obama, “aimed at solving the challenge of childhood obesity within a generation, so that children born today will grow up healthier and able to pursue their dreams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> This KQED Do Now segment was produced in collaboration with Youth Radio, the Peabody Award-winning youth-driven production company headquartered in Oakland, California. This post was written by Teresa Chin at Youth Radio. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Can We Address Indoor Air Pollution?",
"headTitle": "How Can We Address Indoor Air Pollution? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0XrARfLfuk\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use the research to start a classroom conversation around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What are the challenges of addressing indoor air pollution caused by solid fuel fires for cooking and heating? How can we overcome those challenges? Does the international community have an obligation to help? Why or why not?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About three billion people, particularly in developing regions of Africa, Latin America and Asia, use open fires to cook and heat their homes. The fuels used in these fires–wood, charcoal, plant matter and animal dung–create smoke and harmful air pollution (carbon monoxide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/blackcarbon/basic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">black carbon \u003c/a> and other particulates). This pollution can lead to lung cancer, stroke, and other heart and lung diseases, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema and ischaemic heart disease (reduced blood supply to the heart). In 2012, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/HAP_BoD_results_March2014.pdf?ua=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Health Organization\u003c/a> (WHO), 4.3 million people died from the diseases described above as a result of exposure to indoor air pollution. Some emissions from these fires, like black carbon and carbon dioxide, also contribute to global climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments, humanitarian groups and other organizations, both in these regions and across the world, are trying to address this problem. One strategy is to provide cleaner burning fuels, like ethanol, propane and kerosene, to populations that rely on solid fuel fires for cooking and heating. Another strategy is to provide cookstoves that burn solid fuel more efficiently, which would reduce the amount of fuel used and, therefore, the amount of smoke produced. Both of these options are being implemented in different places throughout the world with varying degrees of success. \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2039004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">One study \u003c/a> conducted by researchers at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that in Orissa, India households with more efficient stoves often used them in conjunction with their old stoves, and use of the improved stoves deteriorated over time as households did not properly use and maintain the stoves or invest the time and money to fix them. As a result, the health and air quality benefits of the more efficient stoves lessened after the first year of use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to try to address some of the challenges associated with implementing improved cookstoves and cleaner fuels, the United Nations Foundation is leading an initiative called the \u003ca href=\"http://cleancookstoves.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves \u003c/a> with the goal to “foster the adoption of clean cookstoves and fuels in 100 million households by 2020.” The Alliance has identified \u003ca href=\"http://http://carbonfinanceforcookstoves.org/about-cookstoves/introduction/\">several issues\u003c/a> that make adoption of clean cookstoves challenging. Some of those issues include cost of a new stove, diverse needs of consumers (different cultures cook differently and need stoves that reflect those differences) and lack of knowledge from end users about the health risks associated with traditional cooking methods. The Alliance is conducting studies and supporting efforts to come up with strategies to address some of these challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do you think are some challenges of addressing indoor air pollution caused by solid fuel fires for cooking and heating? How can we overcome those challenges? Does the international community have an obligation to help? Why or why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…..\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>E-BOOK: \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.woop.ie/\">Engineering Is Saving the World with Cookstoves\u003c/a> (KQED)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA team of engineers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, using a user-centered design approach, has developed a more efficient cookstove that is successfully being used in Darfur. The team is currently working on designing a new stove that will reduce particulate emissions in smoke by 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNcbT72-WbY\">Clean Cookstoves and Fuel: A Global Perspective\u003c/a> (Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis public service announcement, produced by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, summarizes the problem of indoor air pollution and possible solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO:\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideo.org/projects/a-human-centered-approach-to-cookstoves/completed\"> A Human Centered Approach to Cookstoves\u003c/a> (IDEO)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video explains how IDEO studied the habits and needs of women in Tanzania that cook food for their families. This research can help inform how new designs for cookstoves can improve the cooking experience of the end users.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z0XrARfLfuk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z0XrARfLfuk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Teach with the Do Now Archive\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cdiv>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-527117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"113\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1.jpg 450w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-160x40.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-240x60.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/38/2016/09/DoNow-1-375x94.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>This article is part of our archived \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/education/collections/do-now/\">Do Now activity series\u003c/a>. Use the research to start a classroom conversation around the prompt:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What are the challenges of addressing indoor air pollution caused by solid fuel fires for cooking and heating? How can we overcome those challenges? Does the international community have an obligation to help? Why or why not?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>About three billion people, particularly in developing regions of Africa, Latin America and Asia, use open fires to cook and heat their homes. The fuels used in these fires–wood, charcoal, plant matter and animal dung–create smoke and harmful air pollution (carbon monoxide, \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/blackcarbon/basic.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">black carbon \u003c/a> and other particulates). This pollution can lead to lung cancer, stroke, and other heart and lung diseases, such as bronchitis, pneumonia, emphysema and ischaemic heart disease (reduced blood supply to the heart). In 2012, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair/databases/HAP_BoD_results_March2014.pdf?ua=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">World Health Organization\u003c/a> (WHO), 4.3 million people died from the diseases described above as a result of exposure to indoor air pollution. Some emissions from these fires, like black carbon and carbon dioxide, also contribute to global climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments, humanitarian groups and other organizations, both in these regions and across the world, are trying to address this problem. One strategy is to provide cleaner burning fuels, like ethanol, propane and kerosene, to populations that rely on solid fuel fires for cooking and heating. Another strategy is to provide cookstoves that burn solid fuel more efficiently, which would reduce the amount of fuel used and, therefore, the amount of smoke produced. Both of these options are being implemented in different places throughout the world with varying degrees of success. \u003ca href=\"http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2039004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">One study \u003c/a> conducted by researchers at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that in Orissa, India households with more efficient stoves often used them in conjunction with their old stoves, and use of the improved stoves deteriorated over time as households did not properly use and maintain the stoves or invest the time and money to fix them. As a result, the health and air quality benefits of the more efficient stoves lessened after the first year of use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to try to address some of the challenges associated with implementing improved cookstoves and cleaner fuels, the United Nations Foundation is leading an initiative called the \u003ca href=\"http://cleancookstoves.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves \u003c/a> with the goal to “foster the adoption of clean cookstoves and fuels in 100 million households by 2020.” The Alliance has identified \u003ca href=\"http://http://carbonfinanceforcookstoves.org/about-cookstoves/introduction/\">several issues\u003c/a> that make adoption of clean cookstoves challenging. Some of those issues include cost of a new stove, diverse needs of consumers (different cultures cook differently and need stoves that reflect those differences) and lack of knowledge from end users about the health risks associated with traditional cooking methods. The Alliance is conducting studies and supporting efforts to come up with strategies to address some of these challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What do you think are some challenges of addressing indoor air pollution caused by solid fuel fires for cooking and heating? How can we overcome those challenges? Does the international community have an obligation to help? Why or why not?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Learn More…..\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>E-BOOK: \u003ca href=\"http://kqed.woop.ie/\">Engineering Is Saving the World with Cookstoves\u003c/a> (KQED)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA team of engineers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, using a user-centered design approach, has developed a more efficient cookstove that is successfully being used in Darfur. The team is currently working on designing a new stove that will reduce particulate emissions in smoke by 90%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cNcbT72-WbY\">Clean Cookstoves and Fuel: A Global Perspective\u003c/a> (Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis public service announcement, produced by the Global Alliance for Clean Cookstoves, summarizes the problem of indoor air pollution and possible solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>VIDEO:\u003ca href=\"http://www.ideo.org/projects/a-human-centered-approach-to-cookstoves/completed\"> A Human Centered Approach to Cookstoves\u003c/a> (IDEO)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis video explains how IDEO studied the habits and needs of women in Tanzania that cook food for their families. This research can help inform how new designs for cookstoves can improve the cooking experience of the end users.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
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"cuisine": {
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"restaurantDataById": {},
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}
