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Photo: Don Holtz/Ketchum\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/02/308066437/agribusiness-funds-farmland-to-counter-hollywood-message\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/05/20140502_me_agribusiness_funds_farmland_to_counter_hollywood_message.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Adam Ragusea, \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpb.org\">GPB\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/02/308066437/agribusiness-funds-farmland-to-counter-hollywood-message\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movie \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmlandfilm.com/\">\u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em>\u003c/a> opened in theaters Thursday. It's the latest in a string of documentaries about agriculture, like \u003cem>Food Inc.\u003c/em> and \u003cem>King Corn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the latter two films made damning accusations about the environmental and human costs of modern agribusiness, this documentary was funded by agribusiness. It tells a very different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em> opens with sweeping visuals you'd expect — swaying wheat fields and weathered barns. The documentary follows the lives of six young farmers — including a soybean grower in Nebraska and a Texas cattleman — who all share a belief that their profession is misunderstood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people have some sort of idea, maybe from television or something, that there's bulldozers and tractors, just clouds of smoke going and destroying ground and destroying habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenpeople.org/listing/Oasis-Organics-45623.cfm\">Sutton Morgan\u003c/a>, a farmer who grows organic onions in California, in the film. \"But they don't understand that our environment, which is our ground, has to be in good condition, otherwise you can't be a successful farmer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em> was funded by the U.S. Farmers and Ranchers Alliance. This group was formed in response to recent movies and books like \u003cem>Fast Food Nation\u003c/em>, which warned consumers off factory-farmed ground beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81210\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mg_9930-67c05c86497dda6a98061b8a78e6e1f0b94f8711.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mg_9930-67c05c86497dda6a98061b8a78e6e1f0b94f8711.jpg\" alt=\"The Loberg family raises corn and soybeans in Carroll, Neb. Photo: Don Holtz/Ketchum\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Loberg family raises corn and soybeans in Carroll, Neb. Photo: Don Holtz/Ketchum\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The alliance includes state farm bureaus and agribusiness giants like Monsanto, whose genetically engineered seeds were targeted for criticism in the film \u003cem>Food Inc.\u003c/em> Randy Krotz, with the Farmers and Ranchers Alliance, says they felt it was time to make their own movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How do you get to millennials?\" says Krotz. \"How do you get to ... a transparency generation? Let's show them a little more about how their food is raised firsthand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the opening scene of \u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em>, Kris Loberg and her son David are on their knees in the mud, looking for any sign that their seed has germinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documentary shows some of the grittier aspects of farming, so it doesn't look like an industry public relations film. And, arguably, it's not. The alliance hired a respected director for the project, Oscar-winning documentarian \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002224/\">James Moll\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd been wanting to do a film on farming for a long time, and my agent in [Los Angeles] said, 'You know, there's a farmers group who's looking to make a film, or to find someone to make a film on farming.' I said, 'No I don't want to do something with someone else's vision. I'm not going to make a commercial,' \" says Moll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Moll agreed to do it after being promised creative control. And you can tell he got it in one scene of workers viciously kicking hogs and a sick cow rolling across the ground, pushed by the blade of a backhoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These videos were shot secretly by animal rights activists, and they've long been viral online. In \u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em>, hog farmer Ryan Velduizen says what we're seeing is not representative. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've seen the videos of people not treating animals correctly. First, my heart breaks — that's not, that's not the way you treat animals, that's just not right,\" says Velduizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the film is trying to make farmers more sympathetic, activist and food journalist \u003ca href=\"http://michaelpollan.com/\">Michael Pollan\u003c/a> says that's a straw man argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It serves the interests of the large corporations that are really under attack to put the farmers in front of them, and say that it is the farmers being attacked, not a set of practices, not a ... highly concentrated industry, not monopolistic seed merchants, all the things that are the real targets,\" says Pollan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, farmers have been loving the film at invitation-only screenings, like one hosted by the Georgia Farm Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rancher Amy Moncrief was in the audience. She says farmers are usually too busy farming to get their point of view out there, the way this film will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hormones, the antibiotics and the genetically modified food — you know, all that gets really bad press a lot of times, and the truth is probably somewhere in the middle,\" says Moncrief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, this is a film about farmers, not for farmers. The documentary now opens to the public, in a limited number of theaters across the country. Producers have already cut a short version for use in schools. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpb.org/\">Georgia Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Films like\u003cem> Food Inc.\u003c/em> and \u003cem>King Corn \u003c/em>highlight the evils of big agriculture. Now farmers are hitting back with their own movie, \u003cem>Farmland.\u003c/em> It was funded by the U.S. Farmers and Ranchers Alliance.",
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"description": "Films like Food Inc. and King Corn highlight the evils of big agriculture. Now farmers are hitting back with their own movie, Farmland. It was funded by the U.S. Farmers and Ranchers Alliance.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mg_0006-081bb18325faf9b2a7d7834746eec5d7092aa46c.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mg_0006-081bb18325faf9b2a7d7834746eec5d7092aa46c.jpg\" alt=\"David Loberg's family farm in Carroll, Neb., is featured in the film Farmland. Photo: Don Holtz/Ketchum\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81209\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">David Loberg's family farm in Carroll, Neb., is featured in the film Farmland. Photo: Don Holtz/Ketchum\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/02/308066437/agribusiness-funds-farmland-to-counter-hollywood-message\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Adam Ragusea, \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpb.org\">GPB\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/05/02/308066437/agribusiness-funds-farmland-to-counter-hollywood-message\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (5/2/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The movie \u003ca href=\"http://www.farmlandfilm.com/\">\u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em>\u003c/a> opened in theaters Thursday. It's the latest in a string of documentaries about agriculture, like \u003cem>Food Inc.\u003c/em> and \u003cem>King Corn.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the latter two films made damning accusations about the environmental and human costs of modern agribusiness, this documentary was funded by agribusiness. It tells a very different story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em> opens with sweeping visuals you'd expect — swaying wheat fields and weathered barns. The documentary follows the lives of six young farmers — including a soybean grower in Nebraska and a Texas cattleman — who all share a belief that their profession is misunderstood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people have some sort of idea, maybe from television or something, that there's bulldozers and tractors, just clouds of smoke going and destroying ground and destroying habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenpeople.org/listing/Oasis-Organics-45623.cfm\">Sutton Morgan\u003c/a>, a farmer who grows organic onions in California, in the film. \"But they don't understand that our environment, which is our ground, has to be in good condition, otherwise you can't be a successful farmer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em> was funded by the U.S. Farmers and Ranchers Alliance. This group was formed in response to recent movies and books like \u003cem>Fast Food Nation\u003c/em>, which warned consumers off factory-farmed ground beef.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81210\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mg_9930-67c05c86497dda6a98061b8a78e6e1f0b94f8711.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/05/mg_9930-67c05c86497dda6a98061b8a78e6e1f0b94f8711.jpg\" alt=\"The Loberg family raises corn and soybeans in Carroll, Neb. Photo: Don Holtz/Ketchum\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Loberg family raises corn and soybeans in Carroll, Neb. Photo: Don Holtz/Ketchum\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The alliance includes state farm bureaus and agribusiness giants like Monsanto, whose genetically engineered seeds were targeted for criticism in the film \u003cem>Food Inc.\u003c/em> Randy Krotz, with the Farmers and Ranchers Alliance, says they felt it was time to make their own movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How do you get to millennials?\" says Krotz. \"How do you get to ... a transparency generation? Let's show them a little more about how their food is raised firsthand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the opening scene of \u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em>, Kris Loberg and her son David are on their knees in the mud, looking for any sign that their seed has germinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documentary shows some of the grittier aspects of farming, so it doesn't look like an industry public relations film. And, arguably, it's not. The alliance hired a respected director for the project, Oscar-winning documentarian \u003ca href=\"http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002224/\">James Moll\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'd been wanting to do a film on farming for a long time, and my agent in [Los Angeles] said, 'You know, there's a farmers group who's looking to make a film, or to find someone to make a film on farming.' I said, 'No I don't want to do something with someone else's vision. I'm not going to make a commercial,' \" says Moll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Moll agreed to do it after being promised creative control. And you can tell he got it in one scene of workers viciously kicking hogs and a sick cow rolling across the ground, pushed by the blade of a backhoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These videos were shot secretly by animal rights activists, and they've long been viral online. In \u003cem>Farmland\u003c/em>, hog farmer Ryan Velduizen says what we're seeing is not representative. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've seen the videos of people not treating animals correctly. First, my heart breaks — that's not, that's not the way you treat animals, that's just not right,\" says Velduizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the film is trying to make farmers more sympathetic, activist and food journalist \u003ca href=\"http://michaelpollan.com/\">Michael Pollan\u003c/a> says that's a straw man argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It serves the interests of the large corporations that are really under attack to put the farmers in front of them, and say that it is the farmers being attacked, not a set of practices, not a ... highly concentrated industry, not monopolistic seed merchants, all the things that are the real targets,\" says Pollan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, farmers have been loving the film at invitation-only screenings, like one hosted by the Georgia Farm Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rancher Amy Moncrief was in the audience. She says farmers are usually too busy farming to get their point of view out there, the way this film will.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hormones, the antibiotics and the genetically modified food — you know, all that gets really bad press a lot of times, and the truth is probably somewhere in the middle,\" says Moncrief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, this is a film about farmers, not for farmers. The documentary now opens to the public, in a limited number of theaters across the country. Producers have already cut a short version for use in schools. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.gpb.org/\">Georgia Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Innovation: A Gadget That Scrambles The Egg Inside The Shell",
"title": "Innovation: A Gadget That Scrambles The Egg Inside The Shell",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81140\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 794px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goldenegg_wide-5fbdb37c3b2f6c1a414997c53797807d999fa268.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goldenegg_wide-5fbdb37c3b2f6c1a414997c53797807d999fa268.jpg\" alt=\"The Golden Goose will retail for around $24. Photo: Courtesy Y Line Product Design\" width=\"794\" height=\"446\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81140\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Golden Goose will retail for around $24. Photo: Courtesy Y Line Product Design\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/04/30/307978652/innovation-a-gadget-that-scrambles-the-egg-inside-the-shell\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/04/20140430_me_hr_2_return_029_-_reneeselena.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/144449221/elise-hu\">Elise Hu\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/04/30/307978652/innovation-a-gadget-that-scrambles-the-egg-inside-the-shell\">All Tech Considered at NPR\u003c/a> (4/30/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81141\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goose-by-y-line-product-design-016z_custom-a15eda8a866d273ec39856010a0b5486ebde0c88.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goose-by-y-line-product-design-016z_custom-a15eda8a866d273ec39856010a0b5486ebde0c88.jpg\" alt=\"The tool scrambles an egg inside its shell in 15 seconds. Illustration: Courtesy of Y Line Product Design\" width=\"200\" height=\"154\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81141\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tool scrambles an egg inside its shell in 15 seconds. Illustration: Courtesy of Y Line Product Design\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If this egg scrambling tool works as promised, your egg can come out of its shell with the yolk and egg already mixed. You could hard or soft boil, fry, scramble or devil them into what creator Geraint Krumpe calls \"golden eggs,\" named for the eggs' creamy, soft yellow color when they come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was laid off from a company I worked for for 11 years,\" Krumpe says, when asked how this all started. \"So I had to get creative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krumpe started a product design company, and last Easter he was surfing YouTube videos and found inspiration. \"I found \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aazP6zvJmiQ\">a video with a science guy\u003c/a> spinning an egg inside a shirtsleeve. So I said, I have to try this. I stayed up late and broke a bunch of eggs trying to get one to work,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleven months later, after a lot of development and testing, Krumpe and his company released the kitchen creation he calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ylinedesign/a-goose-that-lays-golden-eggs\">the Golden Goose\u003c/a>. It works by rotating an egg back and forth at an accelerated rate to mix the yolk and egg together without introducing any outside air. A soft cradle nestles the egg and holds it center, keeping it from breaking during the back-and-forth motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device scrambles an egg inside the shell in about 15 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goose-by-y-line-product-design-010-d235589e408fc14b47fcddd25a4e2ae2045feed0.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goose-by-y-line-product-design-010-d235589e408fc14b47fcddd25a4e2ae2045feed0-290x217.jpg\" alt='A hard-boiled \"golden egg,\" which was scrambled inside the shell before boiling. Photo: Courtesy Y Line Product Design' width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-81142\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hard-boiled \"golden egg,\" which was scrambled inside the shell before boiling. Photo: Courtesy Y Line Product Design\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"You haven't entered any outside air or other gases into the mix of protein and fats, and it allows for this chemistry to happen that has culinary benefits, because depending on what temperature the egg is at and for what time period, you can achieve a range of different flavor profiles and even different colors,\" Krumpe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine all the golden egg creations! Krumpe tells us that a hard-boiled golden egg comes out tasting like savory custard. And if you simply scramble the egg in its shell and crack it into an iron skillet, it creates a tasty scrambled egg dish because you never whisked in any outside air. Plus, there's a little less dish washing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This way you don't have to wash a fork and bowl, and it has been suggested that you could spend a lot of time as a prep cook scrambling eggs and putting them in the fridge for breakfast or baking. Here they're pre-scrambled. It doesn't take much effort and it's the best possible way to scramble,\" Krumpe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This invention is already funded, reaching more than $60,000 in support from 1,800 backers, way above its original $34,500 fundraising goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that it's funded, the plan is to manufacture the devices for the donors this summer and then take Golden Goose directly to consumers. Krumpe says it will retail for around $24, but probably won't be for sale until November at the earliest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ylinedesign/a-goose-that-lays-golden-eggs\">Check out the Kickstarter page\u003c/a> for yourself, but a warning, if you're hungry: It includes many photos of delicious egg dishes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube //www.youtube.com/watch?v=PoIxtFBhh5k]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81140\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 794px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goldenegg_wide-5fbdb37c3b2f6c1a414997c53797807d999fa268.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goldenegg_wide-5fbdb37c3b2f6c1a414997c53797807d999fa268.jpg\" alt=\"The Golden Goose will retail for around $24. Photo: Courtesy Y Line Product Design\" width=\"794\" height=\"446\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81140\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Golden Goose will retail for around $24. Photo: Courtesy Y Line Product Design\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/04/30/307978652/innovation-a-gadget-that-scrambles-the-egg-inside-the-shell\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/144449221/elise-hu\">Elise Hu\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/04/30/307978652/innovation-a-gadget-that-scrambles-the-egg-inside-the-shell\">All Tech Considered at NPR\u003c/a> (4/30/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81141\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goose-by-y-line-product-design-016z_custom-a15eda8a866d273ec39856010a0b5486ebde0c88.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goose-by-y-line-product-design-016z_custom-a15eda8a866d273ec39856010a0b5486ebde0c88.jpg\" alt=\"The tool scrambles an egg inside its shell in 15 seconds. Illustration: Courtesy of Y Line Product Design\" width=\"200\" height=\"154\" class=\"size-full wp-image-81141\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The tool scrambles an egg inside its shell in 15 seconds. Illustration: Courtesy of Y Line Product Design\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If this egg scrambling tool works as promised, your egg can come out of its shell with the yolk and egg already mixed. You could hard or soft boil, fry, scramble or devil them into what creator Geraint Krumpe calls \"golden eggs,\" named for the eggs' creamy, soft yellow color when they come out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was laid off from a company I worked for for 11 years,\" Krumpe says, when asked how this all started. \"So I had to get creative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krumpe started a product design company, and last Easter he was surfing YouTube videos and found inspiration. \"I found \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aazP6zvJmiQ\">a video with a science guy\u003c/a> spinning an egg inside a shirtsleeve. So I said, I have to try this. I stayed up late and broke a bunch of eggs trying to get one to work,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleven months later, after a lot of development and testing, Krumpe and his company released the kitchen creation he calls \u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ylinedesign/a-goose-that-lays-golden-eggs\">the Golden Goose\u003c/a>. It works by rotating an egg back and forth at an accelerated rate to mix the yolk and egg together without introducing any outside air. A soft cradle nestles the egg and holds it center, keeping it from breaking during the back-and-forth motion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The device scrambles an egg inside the shell in about 15 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81142\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goose-by-y-line-product-design-010-d235589e408fc14b47fcddd25a4e2ae2045feed0.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/goose-by-y-line-product-design-010-d235589e408fc14b47fcddd25a4e2ae2045feed0-290x217.jpg\" alt='A hard-boiled \"golden egg,\" which was scrambled inside the shell before boiling. Photo: Courtesy Y Line Product Design' width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-81142\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hard-boiled \"golden egg,\" which was scrambled inside the shell before boiling. Photo: Courtesy Y Line Product Design\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"You haven't entered any outside air or other gases into the mix of protein and fats, and it allows for this chemistry to happen that has culinary benefits, because depending on what temperature the egg is at and for what time period, you can achieve a range of different flavor profiles and even different colors,\" Krumpe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Imagine all the golden egg creations! Krumpe tells us that a hard-boiled golden egg comes out tasting like savory custard. And if you simply scramble the egg in its shell and crack it into an iron skillet, it creates a tasty scrambled egg dish because you never whisked in any outside air. Plus, there's a little less dish washing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This way you don't have to wash a fork and bowl, and it has been suggested that you could spend a lot of time as a prep cook scrambling eggs and putting them in the fridge for breakfast or baking. Here they're pre-scrambled. It doesn't take much effort and it's the best possible way to scramble,\" Krumpe says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This invention is already funded, reaching more than $60,000 in support from 1,800 backers, way above its original $34,500 fundraising goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that it's funded, the plan is to manufacture the devices for the donors this summer and then take Golden Goose directly to consumers. Krumpe says it will retail for around $24, but probably won't be for sale until November at the earliest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/ylinedesign/a-goose-that-lays-golden-eggs\">Check out the Kickstarter page\u003c/a> for yourself, but a warning, if you're hungry: It includes many photos of delicious egg dishes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/PoIxtFBhh5k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/PoIxtFBhh5k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Obama Gets A Taste Of Jiro's 'Dream' Sushi In Name Of Diplomacy",
"title": "Obama Gets A Taste Of Jiro's 'Dream' Sushi In Name Of Diplomacy",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/486220565_wide-5d6890de921ef640b887e2a9968bb4d20d97fc99.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/486220565_wide-5d6890de921ef640b887e2a9968bb4d20d97fc99.jpg\" alt=\"President Obama shakes hands with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe before a private dinner at Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant in Tokyo on Wednesday. At Sukiyabashi Jiro, people pay a minimum $300 for 20 pieces of sushi chosen by the patron, Jiro Ono. Photo: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80810\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Obama shakes hands with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe before a private dinner at Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant in Tokyo on Wednesday. At Sukiyabashi Jiro, people pay a minimum $300 for 20 pieces of sushi chosen by the patron, Jiro Ono. Photo: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/23/306227740/obama-gets-a-taste-of-jiros-dream-sushi-in-name-of-diplomacy\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/04/20140423_atc_obama_visits_jiro_to_try_sushi_diplomacy_in_japan.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/125167196/npr-staff/archive\">NPR Staff\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/23/306227740/obama-gets-a-taste-of-jiros-dream-sushi-in-name-of-diplomacy\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/23/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama kicked off the first leg of his tour of Asia Wednesday with some sushi diplomacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He dined with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo at a revered and tiny temple of sushi in Tokyo called \u003ca href=\"http://www.sushi-jiro.jp/eng-index.html\">Sukiyabashi Jiro\u003c/a>. The subterranean restaurant, with just 10 seats at the counter, was made famous by the 2011 documentary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/03/16/148737187/cameras-follow-worlds-greatest-sushi-chef\">Jiro Dreams of Sushi\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama emerged with a thumbs-up review. \"That's some good sushi right there,\" he said. \"It was terrific, thank you so much.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80818\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/sushi-jiro-ono.jpeg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/sushi-jiro-ono.jpeg\" alt=\"Master sushi chef Jiro Ono shows off his famously soft hands, one of the secrets to his renowned sushi, in front of Ono's sushi restaurant, Sukiyabashi Jiro, in Tokyo, Japan. Located in the drab basement of an old Tokyo office building, Sukiyabashi Jiro is considered the best sushi shop in the world by major food critics. Photo: Everett Kennedy Brown/epa/Corbis\" width=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80818\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Master sushi chef Jiro Ono shows off his famously soft hands, one of the secrets to his renowned sushi, in front of Ono's sushi restaurant, Sukiyabashi Jiro, in Tokyo, Japan. Located in the drab basement of an old Tokyo office building, Sukiyabashi Jiro is considered the best sushi shop in the world by major food critics. Photo: Everett Kennedy Brown/epa/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you've ever seen the documentary, you know why: The sushi Obama had was carefully crafted by 89-year-old sushi master Jiro Ono.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His sushi is the best in the world,\" says David Gelb, who directed the film. \"For someone who has a taste for true, pure Japanese sushi, I mean it's a place you kind of have to go to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the many of us who haven't been lucky enough to grab one those 10 prized seats, Gelb joined \u003cem>All Things Considered's\u003c/em> Melissa Block, to talk about what it's like to dine at such a iconic place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, the restaurant is hidden in the basement of an office building and offers only one item on its menu — the \u003cem>omakase\u003c/em> course — which can cost between $300 and $400 per person. It consists of 20 pieces of sushi, prepared and served one at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are no appetizers, no rolls of any kind,\" Gelb says. \"It's purely his style of sushi, which is kind of the classic Tokyo style, which is basically just fish and rice and seasoning, maybe a soy sauce or \u003cem>a nikiri\u003c/em>, which is a kind of sweetened soy sauce.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you're fortunate enough to be one of Ono's costumers, don't even think about ordering off the menu – even if you are the president of the United States. \"The Jiro that I know would not change his sushi for anyone,\" Gelb says, adding that \"he just gives you what he feels is the best of the day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Ono really means the best. Every day, for instance, Ono massages the octopus he's planning to serve for an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The octopuses that he gets are trolling the seafloor, eating clams and other delicious shellfish,\" Gelb says. \"And so he's getting the octopus that has the best diet and then he massages it – or has his apprentices massage it, because he's getting on in the years – to bring out the best flavors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80811\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/sushi-9272dbec8b51d3c42014f22f2255754bc4991454.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/sushi-9272dbec8b51d3c42014f22f2255754bc4991454.jpg\" alt=\"Sashimi from Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant in Tokyo. Photo: Leon Brocard/Flickr\" width=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80811\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sashimi from Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant in Tokyo. Photo: Leon Brocard/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That's because to Ono, making sushi is more than just a job; it's an art form, an obsession, even. In the film, he tells Gelb that he'd wake up in the middle of the night and dreams that he'd have visions of sushi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His philosophy of work, where it's about finding a routine and mastering that craft, it applies to any kind of art,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you can imagine, eating in front of such a meticulous artist can get a bit intimidating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first time that I ate there, I was very nervous,\" Gelb tells Block. \"I mean the man is a living legend, and he watches, and he observes the customers very closely, and it so it can be a nerve-wracking experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he says, the sushi is so good that the tension melts away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The restaurant is very quiet; there's no music or anything,\" Gelb adds. \"There's just the sound of the fountain and you kind of got into this sushi trance, and it's quite an amazing experience.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/486220565_wide-5d6890de921ef640b887e2a9968bb4d20d97fc99.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/486220565_wide-5d6890de921ef640b887e2a9968bb4d20d97fc99.jpg\" alt=\"President Obama shakes hands with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe before a private dinner at Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant in Tokyo on Wednesday. At Sukiyabashi Jiro, people pay a minimum $300 for 20 pieces of sushi chosen by the patron, Jiro Ono. Photo: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images\" width=\"1673\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80810\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">President Obama shakes hands with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe before a private dinner at Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant in Tokyo on Wednesday. At Sukiyabashi Jiro, people pay a minimum $300 for 20 pieces of sushi chosen by the patron, Jiro Ono. Photo: Jim Watson/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/23/306227740/obama-gets-a-taste-of-jiros-dream-sushi-in-name-of-diplomacy\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/125167196/npr-staff/archive\">NPR Staff\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/23/306227740/obama-gets-a-taste-of-jiros-dream-sushi-in-name-of-diplomacy\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/23/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama kicked off the first leg of his tour of Asia Wednesday with some sushi diplomacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He dined with Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo at a revered and tiny temple of sushi in Tokyo called \u003ca href=\"http://www.sushi-jiro.jp/eng-index.html\">Sukiyabashi Jiro\u003c/a>. The subterranean restaurant, with just 10 seats at the counter, was made famous by the 2011 documentary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/03/16/148737187/cameras-follow-worlds-greatest-sushi-chef\">Jiro Dreams of Sushi\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama emerged with a thumbs-up review. \"That's some good sushi right there,\" he said. \"It was terrific, thank you so much.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80818\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/sushi-jiro-ono.jpeg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/sushi-jiro-ono.jpeg\" alt=\"Master sushi chef Jiro Ono shows off his famously soft hands, one of the secrets to his renowned sushi, in front of Ono's sushi restaurant, Sukiyabashi Jiro, in Tokyo, Japan. Located in the drab basement of an old Tokyo office building, Sukiyabashi Jiro is considered the best sushi shop in the world by major food critics. Photo: Everett Kennedy Brown/epa/Corbis\" width=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80818\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Master sushi chef Jiro Ono shows off his famously soft hands, one of the secrets to his renowned sushi, in front of Ono's sushi restaurant, Sukiyabashi Jiro, in Tokyo, Japan. Located in the drab basement of an old Tokyo office building, Sukiyabashi Jiro is considered the best sushi shop in the world by major food critics. Photo: Everett Kennedy Brown/epa/Corbis\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you've ever seen the documentary, you know why: The sushi Obama had was carefully crafted by 89-year-old sushi master Jiro Ono.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His sushi is the best in the world,\" says David Gelb, who directed the film. \"For someone who has a taste for true, pure Japanese sushi, I mean it's a place you kind of have to go to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the many of us who haven't been lucky enough to grab one those 10 prized seats, Gelb joined \u003cem>All Things Considered's\u003c/em> Melissa Block, to talk about what it's like to dine at such a iconic place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, the restaurant is hidden in the basement of an office building and offers only one item on its menu — the \u003cem>omakase\u003c/em> course — which can cost between $300 and $400 per person. It consists of 20 pieces of sushi, prepared and served one at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are no appetizers, no rolls of any kind,\" Gelb says. \"It's purely his style of sushi, which is kind of the classic Tokyo style, which is basically just fish and rice and seasoning, maybe a soy sauce or \u003cem>a nikiri\u003c/em>, which is a kind of sweetened soy sauce.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you're fortunate enough to be one of Ono's costumers, don't even think about ordering off the menu – even if you are the president of the United States. \"The Jiro that I know would not change his sushi for anyone,\" Gelb says, adding that \"he just gives you what he feels is the best of the day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Ono really means the best. Every day, for instance, Ono massages the octopus he's planning to serve for an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The octopuses that he gets are trolling the seafloor, eating clams and other delicious shellfish,\" Gelb says. \"And so he's getting the octopus that has the best diet and then he massages it – or has his apprentices massage it, because he's getting on in the years – to bring out the best flavors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80811\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/sushi-9272dbec8b51d3c42014f22f2255754bc4991454.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/sushi-9272dbec8b51d3c42014f22f2255754bc4991454.jpg\" alt=\"Sashimi from Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant in Tokyo. Photo: Leon Brocard/Flickr\" width=\"300\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80811\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sashimi from Sukiyabashi Jiro restaurant in Tokyo. Photo: Leon Brocard/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That's because to Ono, making sushi is more than just a job; it's an art form, an obsession, even. In the film, he tells Gelb that he'd wake up in the middle of the night and dreams that he'd have visions of sushi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His philosophy of work, where it's about finding a routine and mastering that craft, it applies to any kind of art,\" he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So you can imagine, eating in front of such a meticulous artist can get a bit intimidating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first time that I ate there, I was very nervous,\" Gelb tells Block. \"I mean the man is a living legend, and he watches, and he observes the customers very closely, and it so it can be a nerve-wracking experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he says, the sushi is so good that the tension melts away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The restaurant is very quiet; there's no music or anything,\" Gelb adds. \"There's just the sound of the fountain and you kind of got into this sushi trance, and it's quite an amazing experience.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fields And Farm Jobs Dry Up With California's Worsening Drought",
"title": "Fields And Farm Jobs Dry Up With California's Worsening Drought",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80739\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1671px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/collins_new_wide-0c5982d7ff390bfc8f96382e28008ec13345b24e.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/collins_new_wide-0c5982d7ff390bfc8f96382e28008ec13345b24e.jpg\" alt=\"Recent rains kept Suzanne and Mike Collins' orange grove alive, but the rainy season is ending. If they don't get federal irrigation water by this summer, their trees will start dying. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\" width=\"1671\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80739\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Recent rains kept Suzanne and Mike Collins' orange grove alive, but the rainy season is ending. If they don't get federal irrigation water by this summer, their trees will start dying. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/22/303726931/fields-and-farm-jobs-dry-up-with-californias-worsening-drought\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/04/20140422_me_fields_and_farm_jobs_dry_up_with_californias_worsening_drought.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/188396171/kirk-siegler\">Kirk Siegler\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/22/303726931/fields-and-farm-jobs-dry-up-with-californias-worsening-drought\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/22/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon on the main drag of Orange Grove, Calif., about a dozen farm workers gather on the sidewalk in front of a mini-mart\u003cem>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One man sits on a milk crate sipping a beer. A few others scratch some lotto tickets. Salvador Perez paces back and forth with his hands stuffed in the pockets of his jeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is no water, there's no work, he says in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez was laid off when the citrus farmer he worked for ran out of water. He has five kids to support, and though the family is on unemployment, it's about to run out. So he's been hanging out here hoping to hear of some work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez says he and his family have been living here since 1983 and have never seen a drought this bad. A man next to him says he may head back to Mexico soon. He has heard the farms there have more water right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You hear a lot of these stories up and down California's Central Valley. Everything that everyone has been warning about over the past few months is starting to happen. Workers are getting laid off as prized fruit and nut trees are going unwatered, and fields are going fallow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As droughts have worsened in recent years, federal authorities have released less and less water from a web of reservoirs and canals in northern California that feeds farms and cities in the arid south. For the first time in six decades, most farmers on the east side of this valley have been told they will get no federal irrigation water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a crisis that's been building for years, says Victor Lopez, who is Orange Cove's vice mayor. He adds that he's extremely worried. The 71-year-old was the mayor for 30 years, and before that, a farm worker from the time he was a little boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are a very low-income community [that's] made up of farm workers,\" Lopez says. \"It relies solely on ag and the packing houses. And the water is what we need, and if we don't, I'm worried.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers here can't tap groundwater to get by; it's too contaminated with nitrates. For Lopez, years like this are proof that California needs to build more dams and storage reservoirs. A new one is proposed nearby, but even if it's approved, it won't do anything for today's problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, one of the most serious things is, I believe, that a lot of the people will relocate, they'll move out of town,\" he says. \"I hear people telling me, 'We're going to get the heck out of here,' OK? And that's devastation to our community here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the farm workers who may be forced to pack up and leave. An hour drive south of Orange Cove is Suzanne Collins' small orchard of Valencia and blood oranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80740\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/neighbor-grove_wide-d44c4254b0ab416c48c7572841659d0848e2bad9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/neighbor-grove_wide-d44c4254b0ab416c48c7572841659d0848e2bad9.jpg\" alt=\"The drought prompted Suzanne Collins' neighbor to get out of the farming business. Without water soon, Collins fears she will suffer the same fate. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80740\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The drought prompted Suzanne Collins' neighbor to get out of the farming business. Without water soon, Collins fears she will suffer the same fate. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't get any water, by July or August our trees are going to start dying,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins is just one of almost 4,000 citrus farmers in California — a $2-billion-a-year industry. Her story isn't unique. The recent rains are the only thing keeping her grove alive right now, but the rainy season is ending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our other hope is that the bureaucrats will get off their derrieres and open those pumps and let us have some water,\" Collin says. \"We don't need a ton of water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even just a little would keep at least half of these trees going through the summer. The situation, she says, will look a lot different to the bureaucrats come harvest time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Next year, when everybody's paying big dollars for produce and fruit, they'll understand then, but it'll be too late,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few yards over is her neighbor's land, where what used to be an orchard is stripped bare, the trees mulched. Her neighbor gave up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins worries she's next. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/188396171/kirk-siegler\">Kirk Siegler\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/22/303726931/fields-and-farm-jobs-dry-up-with-californias-worsening-drought\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/22/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent afternoon on the main drag of Orange Grove, Calif., about a dozen farm workers gather on the sidewalk in front of a mini-mart\u003cem>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One man sits on a milk crate sipping a beer. A few others scratch some lotto tickets. Salvador Perez paces back and forth with his hands stuffed in the pockets of his jeans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is no water, there's no work, he says in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez was laid off when the citrus farmer he worked for ran out of water. He has five kids to support, and though the family is on unemployment, it's about to run out. So he's been hanging out here hoping to hear of some work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez says he and his family have been living here since 1983 and have never seen a drought this bad. A man next to him says he may head back to Mexico soon. He has heard the farms there have more water right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You hear a lot of these stories up and down California's Central Valley. Everything that everyone has been warning about over the past few months is starting to happen. Workers are getting laid off as prized fruit and nut trees are going unwatered, and fields are going fallow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As droughts have worsened in recent years, federal authorities have released less and less water from a web of reservoirs and canals in northern California that feeds farms and cities in the arid south. For the first time in six decades, most farmers on the east side of this valley have been told they will get no federal irrigation water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a crisis that's been building for years, says Victor Lopez, who is Orange Cove's vice mayor. He adds that he's extremely worried. The 71-year-old was the mayor for 30 years, and before that, a farm worker from the time he was a little boy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are a very low-income community [that's] made up of farm workers,\" Lopez says. \"It relies solely on ag and the packing houses. And the water is what we need, and if we don't, I'm worried.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmers here can't tap groundwater to get by; it's too contaminated with nitrates. For Lopez, years like this are proof that California needs to build more dams and storage reservoirs. A new one is proposed nearby, but even if it's approved, it won't do anything for today's problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, one of the most serious things is, I believe, that a lot of the people will relocate, they'll move out of town,\" he says. \"I hear people telling me, 'We're going to get the heck out of here,' OK? And that's devastation to our community here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the farm workers who may be forced to pack up and leave. An hour drive south of Orange Cove is Suzanne Collins' small orchard of Valencia and blood oranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80740\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/neighbor-grove_wide-d44c4254b0ab416c48c7572841659d0848e2bad9.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/neighbor-grove_wide-d44c4254b0ab416c48c7572841659d0848e2bad9.jpg\" alt=\"The drought prompted Suzanne Collins' neighbor to get out of the farming business. Without water soon, Collins fears she will suffer the same fate. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80740\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The drought prompted Suzanne Collins' neighbor to get out of the farming business. Without water soon, Collins fears she will suffer the same fate. Photo: Kirk Siegler/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't get any water, by July or August our trees are going to start dying,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins is just one of almost 4,000 citrus farmers in California — a $2-billion-a-year industry. Her story isn't unique. The recent rains are the only thing keeping her grove alive right now, but the rainy season is ending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our other hope is that the bureaucrats will get off their derrieres and open those pumps and let us have some water,\" Collin says. \"We don't need a ton of water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even just a little would keep at least half of these trees going through the summer. The situation, she says, will look a lot different to the bureaucrats come harvest time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Next year, when everybody's paying big dollars for produce and fruit, they'll understand then, but it'll be too late,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a few yards over is her neighbor's land, where what used to be an orchard is stripped bare, the trees mulched. Her neighbor gave up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins worries she's next. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Can Wal-Mart Really Make Organic Food Cheap For Everyone?",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80702\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/5263319251_b8311cff1d_o_wide-18e949d42c31c31dec176832018cda2e597cc202.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/5263319251_b8311cff1d_o_wide-18e949d42c31c31dec176832018cda2e597cc202.jpg\" alt=\"Wal-Mart is promising to drive down the prices of organic food by bringing in a new company, WildOats, to deliver a whole range of additional products. Photo: Wal-Mart / Flickr\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80702\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wal-Mart is promising to drive down the prices of organic food by bringing in a new company, WildOats, to deliver a whole range of additional products. Photo: Wal-Mart / Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/17/304205632/can-wal-mart-really-make-organic-food-cheap-for-everyone\">Weekend Edition Saturday\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2014/04/20140419_wesat_can_wal-mart_really_make_organic_food_cheap_for_everyone.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/17/304205632/can-wal-mart-really-make-organic-food-cheap-for-everyone\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/19/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could be another milestone in organic food's evolution from crunchy to commercial: Wal-Mart, the king of mass retailing, is \u003ca href=\"http://news.walmart.com/news-archive/2014/04/10/walmart-and-wild-oats-launch-effort-to-drive-down-organic-food-prices\">promising\u003c/a> to \"drive down organic food prices\" with a new line of organic food products. The new products will be at least 25 percent cheaper than organic food that's on Wal-Mart's shelves right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet we've heard this before. Back in 2006, Wal-Mart made a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/12/business/12organic.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0\">similar announcement\u003c/a>, asking some of its big suppliers to deliver organic versions of popular food items like mac-and-cheese. A Wal-Mart executive said at the time that it hoped these organic products would cost only 10 percent more than the conventional alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wal-Mart has, in fact, become a big player in organic food, with some remarkable cost-cutting successes. At the new Wal-Mart just a few blocks from NPR's headquarters, I found some organic grape tomatoes on sale for exactly the same price as conventional ones. Organic \"spring mix\" salad was just 9 percent more expensive than the conventional package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the fresh produce section, though, organic products were hard to find, and those I did spy were significantly more expensive. Organic diced tomatoes were 44 percent higher. The premium for a half-gallon of organic milk was a whopping 85 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Wal-Mart is bringing in a new company, WildOats, to deliver a whole range of additional organic products, from pasta sauce to cookies, and do it more cheaply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked the CEO of WildOats, Tom Casey, how he plans to do it. His answer, in a nutshell: Bigger can be better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The production and distribution of organic food is still highly fragmented, Casey says. Wal-Mart can change that, delivering organic products in through its \"world-class distribution system\" and giving manufacturers of, say, pasta sauce a chance to operate on a larger, more efficient scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://csanr.wsu.edu/people/chuck-benbrook/\">Charles Benbrook\u003c/a>, a long-time proponent of organic agriculture who's now with the Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources at Washington State University, thinks that this plan is realistic. Most organic producers have to use other companies' processing facilities, which also handle conventional food, Benbrook wrote in an e-mail. \"This requires them to shut down, clean out the lines, segregate both incoming and outgoing product, and this all costs money,\" writes Benbrook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Benbrook, larger production — to supply larger customers — will allow organic food processors to run \"100 percent organic all the time\" and will cut costs by 20 to 30 percent. This has already happened with packaged salad greens, which is why consumers don't pay very much extra for those organic products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benbrook does have one warning: Large scale can't be achieved overnight. It takes at least three years for farmers to get their land certified as organic, for instance. \"There will be hell to pay if Wal-Mart turns mostly to imports, and they know it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Wal-Mart sticks with this effort and creates an organic supply chain that's as efficient as the conventional one, the company could help answer an unresolved question about organic food: How much of the organic price tag is because of small-scale production, and how much is inherent in the rules that govern organic production, such as the prohibition on synthetic pesticides, and industrial fertilizer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benbrook thinks Wal-Mart's experiment will show that organic farmers, if given an honest chance to compete, will out-produce their conventional neighbors, and that organic prices will come down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others disagree. Todd J. Kluger, vice president of marketing for Lundberg Family Farms, told Rodale News in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.rodalenews.com/walmart-organic-announcement\">interview\u003c/a> that Wal-Mart's goal of producing food 25 percent more cheaply is \"fantasy. There isn't much you can do to cut the cost of organic ingredients,\" Kluger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same interview, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cornucopia.org/co-founder-mark-kastel/\">Mark Kastel\u003c/a>, an organic activist who co-founded the Cornucopia Institute, suggested that Wal-Mart's cost-cutting drive could undermine the ethical values of organic farming. \"One of the reasons people are willing to pay more is that they think they're supporting a different ethic, a different animal husbandry model, and that family farmers are being fairly compensated,\" Kastel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Kastel, organic buyers will shy away from the kind of large-scale supply chain that Wal-Mart and WildOats envision. \"We want to know where our food comes from, how it's produced, and what the story behind the label is,\" he told Rodale News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Casey, CEO of WildOats, says that the company has not yet decided whether it will disclose where it is buying its food. (That's pretty typical for supermarket brands.) \"We want to be respectful of our suppliers,\" he told The Salt. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80702\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/5263319251_b8311cff1d_o_wide-18e949d42c31c31dec176832018cda2e597cc202.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/5263319251_b8311cff1d_o_wide-18e949d42c31c31dec176832018cda2e597cc202.jpg\" alt=\"Wal-Mart is promising to drive down the prices of organic food by bringing in a new company, WildOats, to deliver a whole range of additional products. Photo: Wal-Mart / Flickr\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80702\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wal-Mart is promising to drive down the prices of organic food by bringing in a new company, WildOats, to deliver a whole range of additional products. Photo: Wal-Mart / Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/17/304205632/can-wal-mart-really-make-organic-food-cheap-for-everyone\">Weekend Edition Saturday\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/17/304205632/can-wal-mart-really-make-organic-food-cheap-for-everyone\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/19/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could be another milestone in organic food's evolution from crunchy to commercial: Wal-Mart, the king of mass retailing, is \u003ca href=\"http://news.walmart.com/news-archive/2014/04/10/walmart-and-wild-oats-launch-effort-to-drive-down-organic-food-prices\">promising\u003c/a> to \"drive down organic food prices\" with a new line of organic food products. The new products will be at least 25 percent cheaper than organic food that's on Wal-Mart's shelves right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet we've heard this before. Back in 2006, Wal-Mart made a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/12/business/12organic.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0\">similar announcement\u003c/a>, asking some of its big suppliers to deliver organic versions of popular food items like mac-and-cheese. A Wal-Mart executive said at the time that it hoped these organic products would cost only 10 percent more than the conventional alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wal-Mart has, in fact, become a big player in organic food, with some remarkable cost-cutting successes. At the new Wal-Mart just a few blocks from NPR's headquarters, I found some organic grape tomatoes on sale for exactly the same price as conventional ones. Organic \"spring mix\" salad was just 9 percent more expensive than the conventional package.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the fresh produce section, though, organic products were hard to find, and those I did spy were significantly more expensive. Organic diced tomatoes were 44 percent higher. The premium for a half-gallon of organic milk was a whopping 85 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Wal-Mart is bringing in a new company, WildOats, to deliver a whole range of additional organic products, from pasta sauce to cookies, and do it more cheaply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked the CEO of WildOats, Tom Casey, how he plans to do it. His answer, in a nutshell: Bigger can be better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The production and distribution of organic food is still highly fragmented, Casey says. Wal-Mart can change that, delivering organic products in through its \"world-class distribution system\" and giving manufacturers of, say, pasta sauce a chance to operate on a larger, more efficient scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://csanr.wsu.edu/people/chuck-benbrook/\">Charles Benbrook\u003c/a>, a long-time proponent of organic agriculture who's now with the Center for Sustaining Agriculture and Natural Resources at Washington State University, thinks that this plan is realistic. Most organic producers have to use other companies' processing facilities, which also handle conventional food, Benbrook wrote in an e-mail. \"This requires them to shut down, clean out the lines, segregate both incoming and outgoing product, and this all costs money,\" writes Benbrook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Benbrook, larger production — to supply larger customers — will allow organic food processors to run \"100 percent organic all the time\" and will cut costs by 20 to 30 percent. This has already happened with packaged salad greens, which is why consumers don't pay very much extra for those organic products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benbrook does have one warning: Large scale can't be achieved overnight. It takes at least three years for farmers to get their land certified as organic, for instance. \"There will be hell to pay if Wal-Mart turns mostly to imports, and they know it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Wal-Mart sticks with this effort and creates an organic supply chain that's as efficient as the conventional one, the company could help answer an unresolved question about organic food: How much of the organic price tag is because of small-scale production, and how much is inherent in the rules that govern organic production, such as the prohibition on synthetic pesticides, and industrial fertilizer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benbrook thinks Wal-Mart's experiment will show that organic farmers, if given an honest chance to compete, will out-produce their conventional neighbors, and that organic prices will come down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others disagree. Todd J. Kluger, vice president of marketing for Lundberg Family Farms, told Rodale News in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.rodalenews.com/walmart-organic-announcement\">interview\u003c/a> that Wal-Mart's goal of producing food 25 percent more cheaply is \"fantasy. There isn't much you can do to cut the cost of organic ingredients,\" Kluger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the same interview, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cornucopia.org/co-founder-mark-kastel/\">Mark Kastel\u003c/a>, an organic activist who co-founded the Cornucopia Institute, suggested that Wal-Mart's cost-cutting drive could undermine the ethical values of organic farming. \"One of the reasons people are willing to pay more is that they think they're supporting a different ethic, a different animal husbandry model, and that family farmers are being fairly compensated,\" Kastel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Kastel, organic buyers will shy away from the kind of large-scale supply chain that Wal-Mart and WildOats envision. \"We want to know where our food comes from, how it's produced, and what the story behind the label is,\" he told Rodale News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom Casey, CEO of WildOats, says that the company has not yet decided whether it will disclose where it is buying its food. (That's pretty typical for supermarket brands.) \"We want to be respectful of our suppliers,\" he told The Salt. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Plant Breeders Release First 'Open Source Seeds'",
"title": "Plant Breeders Release First 'Open Source Seeds'",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 787px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/chopped-broccoli_wide-e32de22f95246dcd12135f94daa5dcd89a736783.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/chopped-broccoli_wide-e32de22f95246dcd12135f94daa5dcd89a736783.jpg\" alt=\"Backers of the new Open Source Seed Initiative will pass out 29 new varieties of 14 different crops, including broccoli, carrots and kale, on Thursday. Photo: J. Scott Applewhite/AP\" width=\"787\" height=\"443\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80641\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Backers of the new Open Source Seed Initiative will pass out 29 new varieties of 14 different crops, including broccoli, carrots and kale, on Thursday. Photo: J. Scott Applewhite/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/17/303772556/plant-breeders-release-first-open-source-seeds\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/04/20140417_me_plant_breeders_release_first_open_source_seeds.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/17/303772556/plant-breeders-release-first-open-source-seeds\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/17/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of scientists and food activists is launching a \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.wisc.edu/22748\">campaign\u003c/a> Thursday to change the rules that govern seeds. They're releasing 29 new varieties of crops under a new \"open source pledge\" that's intended to safeguard the ability of farmers, gardeners and plant breeders to share those seeds freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's inspired by the example of open source software, which is freely available for anyone to use but cannot legally be converted into anyone's proprietary product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At an event on the campus of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, backers of the new Open Source Seed Initiative will pass out 29 new varieties of 14 different crops, including carrots, kale, broccoli and quinoa. Anyone receiving the seeds must pledge not to restrict their use by means of patents, licenses or any other kind of intellectual property. In fact, any future plant that's derived from these open source seeds also has to remain freely available as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nutrisci.wisc.edu/facultypages/f_goldman.html\">Irwin Goldman\u003c/a>, a vegetable breeder at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, helped organize the campaign. It's an attempt to restore the practice of open sharing that was the rule among plant breeders when he entered the profession more than 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If other breeders asked for our materials, we would send them a packet of seed, and they would do the same for us,\" he says. \"That was a wonderful way to work, and that way of working is no longer with us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, seeds are intellectual property. Some are patented as inventions. You need permission from the patent holder to use them, and you're not supposed to harvest seeds for replanting the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even university breeders operate under these rules. When Goldwin creates a new variety of onions, carrots or table beets, a technology-transfer arm of the university licenses it to seed companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings in money that helps pay for Goldman's work, but he still doesn't like the consequences of restricting access to plant genes — what he calls germplasm. \"If we don't share germplasm and freely exchange it, then we will limit our ability to improve the crop,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sociologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.drs.wisc.edu/faculty/kloppenburg/index.php\">Jack Kloppenburg\u003c/a>, also at the University of Wisconsin, has been campaigning against seed patents for 30 years. His reasons go beyond \u003cbr>Goldman's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says turning seeds into private property has contributed to the rise of big seed companies that in turn promote ever-bigger, more specialized farms. \"The problem is concentration, and the narrow set of uses to which the technology and the breeding are being put,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kloppenburg says one important goal for this initiative is simply to get people thinking and talking about how seeds are controlled. \"It's to open people's minds,\" he says. \"It's kind of a biological meme, you might say: Free seed! Seed that can be used by anyone!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practical impact of the Open Source Seed Initiative on farmers and gardeners, however, may be limited. Even though anyone can use such seed, most people probably won't be able to find it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies that dominate the seed business probably will keep selling their own proprietary varieties or hybrids. There's more money to be made with those seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most commercial vegetable seeds are hybrids, which come with a kind of built-in security lock; if you replant seed from a hybrid, you won't get exactly the same kind of plant. (For this reason, some seed companies don't bother getting patents on their hybrids.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amseed.org/american-seed-trade-association-elects-john-schoenecker-to-leadership-role/\">John Shoenecker\u003c/a>, director of intellectual property for the seed company HM Clause and the incoming president of the American Seed Trade Association, says his company may avoid using open source seed to breed new commercial varieties \"because then we'd ... have limited potential to recoup the investment.\" That's because the offspring of open source seeds would have to be shared as well, and any other seed company could immediately sell the same variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative is probably more significant for plant breeders, especially at universities. Goldman says he expects many plant breeders at universities to join the open source effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, two small seed companies that specialize in selling to organic farmers — \u003ca href=\"http://www.highmowingseeds.com/\">High Mowing Organic Seeds\u003c/a> in Hardwick, Vt., and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildgardenseed.com/\">Wild Garden Seed\u003c/a> in Philomath, Ore., are adding some open source seeds to their catalogs this year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists and food activists are launching a campaign to promote seeds that can be freely shared, rather than protected through patents and licenses. They call it the Open Source Seed Initiative.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80641\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 787px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/chopped-broccoli_wide-e32de22f95246dcd12135f94daa5dcd89a736783.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/chopped-broccoli_wide-e32de22f95246dcd12135f94daa5dcd89a736783.jpg\" alt=\"Backers of the new Open Source Seed Initiative will pass out 29 new varieties of 14 different crops, including broccoli, carrots and kale, on Thursday. Photo: J. Scott Applewhite/AP\" width=\"787\" height=\"443\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80641\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Backers of the new Open Source Seed Initiative will pass out 29 new varieties of 14 different crops, including broccoli, carrots and kale, on Thursday. Photo: J. Scott Applewhite/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/17/303772556/plant-breeders-release-first-open-source-seeds\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/17/303772556/plant-breeders-release-first-open-source-seeds\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/17/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of scientists and food activists is launching a \u003ca href=\"http://www.news.wisc.edu/22748\">campaign\u003c/a> Thursday to change the rules that govern seeds. They're releasing 29 new varieties of crops under a new \"open source pledge\" that's intended to safeguard the ability of farmers, gardeners and plant breeders to share those seeds freely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's inspired by the example of open source software, which is freely available for anyone to use but cannot legally be converted into anyone's proprietary product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At an event on the campus of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, backers of the new Open Source Seed Initiative will pass out 29 new varieties of 14 different crops, including carrots, kale, broccoli and quinoa. Anyone receiving the seeds must pledge not to restrict their use by means of patents, licenses or any other kind of intellectual property. In fact, any future plant that's derived from these open source seeds also has to remain freely available as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nutrisci.wisc.edu/facultypages/f_goldman.html\">Irwin Goldman\u003c/a>, a vegetable breeder at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, helped organize the campaign. It's an attempt to restore the practice of open sharing that was the rule among plant breeders when he entered the profession more than 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If other breeders asked for our materials, we would send them a packet of seed, and they would do the same for us,\" he says. \"That was a wonderful way to work, and that way of working is no longer with us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, seeds are intellectual property. Some are patented as inventions. You need permission from the patent holder to use them, and you're not supposed to harvest seeds for replanting the next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even university breeders operate under these rules. When Goldwin creates a new variety of onions, carrots or table beets, a technology-transfer arm of the university licenses it to seed companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings in money that helps pay for Goldman's work, but he still doesn't like the consequences of restricting access to plant genes — what he calls germplasm. \"If we don't share germplasm and freely exchange it, then we will limit our ability to improve the crop,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sociologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.drs.wisc.edu/faculty/kloppenburg/index.php\">Jack Kloppenburg\u003c/a>, also at the University of Wisconsin, has been campaigning against seed patents for 30 years. His reasons go beyond \u003cbr>Goldman's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says turning seeds into private property has contributed to the rise of big seed companies that in turn promote ever-bigger, more specialized farms. \"The problem is concentration, and the narrow set of uses to which the technology and the breeding are being put,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kloppenburg says one important goal for this initiative is simply to get people thinking and talking about how seeds are controlled. \"It's to open people's minds,\" he says. \"It's kind of a biological meme, you might say: Free seed! Seed that can be used by anyone!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practical impact of the Open Source Seed Initiative on farmers and gardeners, however, may be limited. Even though anyone can use such seed, most people probably won't be able to find it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies that dominate the seed business probably will keep selling their own proprietary varieties or hybrids. There's more money to be made with those seeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most commercial vegetable seeds are hybrids, which come with a kind of built-in security lock; if you replant seed from a hybrid, you won't get exactly the same kind of plant. (For this reason, some seed companies don't bother getting patents on their hybrids.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amseed.org/american-seed-trade-association-elects-john-schoenecker-to-leadership-role/\">John Shoenecker\u003c/a>, director of intellectual property for the seed company HM Clause and the incoming president of the American Seed Trade Association, says his company may avoid using open source seed to breed new commercial varieties \"because then we'd ... have limited potential to recoup the investment.\" That's because the offspring of open source seeds would have to be shared as well, and any other seed company could immediately sell the same variety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative is probably more significant for plant breeders, especially at universities. Goldman says he expects many plant breeders at universities to join the open source effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, two small seed companies that specialize in selling to organic farmers — \u003ca href=\"http://www.highmowingseeds.com/\">High Mowing Organic Seeds\u003c/a> in Hardwick, Vt., and \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildgardenseed.com/\">Wild Garden Seed\u003c/a> in Philomath, Ore., are adding some open source seeds to their catalogs this year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Where's The Whole Grain In Most Of Our Wheat Bread? ",
"title": "Where's The Whole Grain In Most Of Our Wheat Bread? ",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/wholegrains_03-copy-9102a71ac085eee77c8f07c5fe6eb95efe6030a4.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/wholegrains_03-copy-9102a71ac085eee77c8f07c5fe6eb95efe6030a4.jpg\" alt=\"The most healthful loaves of bread contain chunks of grain still intact, like the seeded loaf on the right. Whole wheat loaves, like the one in the middle, may contain few whole grains and may be made up mostly of refined flour, like the white bread on the left. Photo: Meg Vogel/NPR\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80481\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The most healthful loaves of bread contain chunks of grain still intact, like the seeded loaf on the right. Whole wheat loaves, like the one in the middle, may contain few whole grains and may be made up mostly of refined flour, like the white bread on the left. Photo: Meg Vogel/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/15/301473319/wheres-the-whole-grain-in-most-of-our-wheat-bread\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/04/20140415_me_wheres_the_whole_grain_in_most_of_our_wheat_bread_.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Allison Aubrey, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/15/301473319/wheres-the-whole-grain-in-most-of-our-wheat-bread\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/15/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80482\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 217px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/vogel-2-copy_vert-c5460f70eef78d7002287fae48ec4a797e37fc06.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/vogel-2-copy_vert-c5460f70eef78d7002287fae48ec4a797e37fc06-217x290.jpg\" alt=\"This Whole Grain stamp started showing up on products in 2005. Photo: Meg Vogel/NPR\" width=\"217\" height=\"290\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80482\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Whole Grain stamp started showing up on products in 2005. Photo: Meg Vogel/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We've all heard the advice to eat more whole grains, and cut back on refined starches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's good reason. Compared with a diet heavy on refined grains, like white flour, a diet rich in whole grains — which includes everything from brown rice to steel-cut oats to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/10/02/227838385/farro-an-ancient-if-complicated-grain-worth-figuring-out\">farro\u003c/a> — is linked to lower rates of heart disease, certain cancers and Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when it comes to choosing bread, experts say, you want to move away from the white loaves in the grocery aisle. That's because white flour is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/carbohydrates/carbohydrates-and-blood-sugar/\">high-glycemic food\u003c/a> — like sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That white bread is going to digest much more quickly, leading to a surge and crash in blood sugar that may stimulate hunger later in the meal, but also raise risk for diabetes and heart disease,\" says physician \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/researchers/david-ludwig\">David Ludwig\u003c/a> of Boston Children's Hospital. (As I \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/31/295719579/rethinking-fat-the-case-for-adding-some-into-your-diet\">reported\u003c/a> in a recent series on fat, refined carbohydrates like white flour can worsen blood cholesterol levels compared with saturated fat.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when you start looking for alternatives, it's worth noting that not all loaves labeled \"whole grain\" or \"whole wheat\" are created equal. And that's because wheat is milled in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most wheat is processed into refined flour. That means its three main components are separated out. The starchy endosperm ends up as the flour. The germ and bran are discarded and used for other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80483\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/kernel-wheat-how-flour-milled-1_custom-ed36cb80401544819d4ce16576a16b3b4b729b9b.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/kernel-wheat-how-flour-milled-1_custom-ed36cb80401544819d4ce16576a16b3b4b729b9b-485x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Each kernel of wheat contains three distinct parts that are separated during the milling process to produce flour. The germ is the embryo or sprouting section that is often separated from flour. The endosperm is the source for white flour. Bran is included in whole wheat flour. Image: Courtesy of Wheat Foods Council\" width=\"250\" class=\"size-large wp-image-80483\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each kernel of wheat contains three distinct parts that are separated during the milling process to produce flour. The germ is the embryo or sprouting section that is often separated from flour. The endosperm is the source for white flour. Bran is included in whole wheat flour. Image: Courtesy of Wheat Foods Council\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many whole wheat and whole grain breads are made from this kind of flour — with some or all of the bran and wheat germ added back. Technically, as long as the three parts are present in the flour in the same relative proportions as in the intact grain, it's considered a whole grain. (Here's the official \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm151902.htm\">guidance\u003c/a> from the Food and Drug Administration.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wheat can also be milled in a way that leaves fragments of the whole grain intact — think traditional grinding stones. And there's a difference between how your body metabolizes grains that are still intact, and grains that have been refined and reassembled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say it's certainly better to opt for any kind of whole grain loaf over white bread. But if bread lovers want to put the brakes on the rise and fall in blood sugar, perhaps the best options are loaves that contain chunks of grain still intact — like bits of wheat kernel, rye or millet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, when it comes to processing foods, \"less is more,\" Ludwig tells us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whole foods, minimally processed foods, certainly whole grains, take awhile to digest. They have to travel down the intestinal tract, and the sugars are slowly absorbed out of that whole grain so that blood sugar and insulin levels rise only modestly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to one small \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1834634/pdf/bmj00307-0036.pdf\">study\u003c/a> published back in the late 1980s where researchers found that increasing the proportion of whole grains or coarse cracked wheat in breads led to a more favorable glucose response in people with diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And over the long term, eating whole grains instead of highly refined grains may help reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artisanal bakers like Dan Gottfredson, who operates a \u003ca href=\"http://greatharvestrockville.com/\">Great Harvest Bread Co\u003c/a>. bakery in Rockville, Md., is well aware of the trend toward more whole foods. And, he says, bread fits into this trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it's not a surprise that his best-selling breads of the day are crunchy, high-fiber loaves, such as his whole wheat \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatharvestcharlotte.com/nutrition/dk.shtml\">Dakota bread\u003c/a>, which is loaded with sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds and whole-grain millet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you listen to my story, you'll hear that increasingly there are more whole grain options in the grocery aisle, too. Examples include 12-grain breads, rye breads or loaves topped with cracked oats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Not all whole grain breads are created equal. Choosing breads with fully intact grains (think nuggets of whole rye, wheat or millet) may help control blood sugar and stave off hunger.",
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"description": "Not all whole grain breads are created equal. Choosing breads with fully intact grains (think nuggets of whole rye, wheat or millet) may help control blood sugar and stave off hunger.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/wholegrains_03-copy-9102a71ac085eee77c8f07c5fe6eb95efe6030a4.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/wholegrains_03-copy-9102a71ac085eee77c8f07c5fe6eb95efe6030a4.jpg\" alt=\"The most healthful loaves of bread contain chunks of grain still intact, like the seeded loaf on the right. Whole wheat loaves, like the one in the middle, may contain few whole grains and may be made up mostly of refined flour, like the white bread on the left. Photo: Meg Vogel/NPR\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80481\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The most healthful loaves of bread contain chunks of grain still intact, like the seeded loaf on the right. Whole wheat loaves, like the one in the middle, may contain few whole grains and may be made up mostly of refined flour, like the white bread on the left. Photo: Meg Vogel/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/15/301473319/wheres-the-whole-grain-in-most-of-our-wheat-bread\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Allison Aubrey, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/15/301473319/wheres-the-whole-grain-in-most-of-our-wheat-bread\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/15/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80482\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 217px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/vogel-2-copy_vert-c5460f70eef78d7002287fae48ec4a797e37fc06.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/vogel-2-copy_vert-c5460f70eef78d7002287fae48ec4a797e37fc06-217x290.jpg\" alt=\"This Whole Grain stamp started showing up on products in 2005. Photo: Meg Vogel/NPR\" width=\"217\" height=\"290\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80482\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This Whole Grain stamp started showing up on products in 2005. Photo: Meg Vogel/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We've all heard the advice to eat more whole grains, and cut back on refined starches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's good reason. Compared with a diet heavy on refined grains, like white flour, a diet rich in whole grains — which includes everything from brown rice to steel-cut oats to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/10/02/227838385/farro-an-ancient-if-complicated-grain-worth-figuring-out\">farro\u003c/a> — is linked to lower rates of heart disease, certain cancers and Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when it comes to choosing bread, experts say, you want to move away from the white loaves in the grocery aisle. That's because white flour is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/carbohydrates/carbohydrates-and-blood-sugar/\">high-glycemic food\u003c/a> — like sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That white bread is going to digest much more quickly, leading to a surge and crash in blood sugar that may stimulate hunger later in the meal, but also raise risk for diabetes and heart disease,\" says physician \u003ca href=\"http://www.childrenshospital.org/researchers/david-ludwig\">David Ludwig\u003c/a> of Boston Children's Hospital. (As I \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/31/295719579/rethinking-fat-the-case-for-adding-some-into-your-diet\">reported\u003c/a> in a recent series on fat, refined carbohydrates like white flour can worsen blood cholesterol levels compared with saturated fat.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when you start looking for alternatives, it's worth noting that not all loaves labeled \"whole grain\" or \"whole wheat\" are created equal. And that's because wheat is milled in different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most wheat is processed into refined flour. That means its three main components are separated out. The starchy endosperm ends up as the flour. The germ and bran are discarded and used for other things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80483\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/kernel-wheat-how-flour-milled-1_custom-ed36cb80401544819d4ce16576a16b3b4b729b9b.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/kernel-wheat-how-flour-milled-1_custom-ed36cb80401544819d4ce16576a16b3b4b729b9b-485x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Each kernel of wheat contains three distinct parts that are separated during the milling process to produce flour. The germ is the embryo or sprouting section that is often separated from flour. The endosperm is the source for white flour. Bran is included in whole wheat flour. Image: Courtesy of Wheat Foods Council\" width=\"250\" class=\"size-large wp-image-80483\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each kernel of wheat contains three distinct parts that are separated during the milling process to produce flour. The germ is the embryo or sprouting section that is often separated from flour. The endosperm is the source for white flour. Bran is included in whole wheat flour. Image: Courtesy of Wheat Foods Council\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Many whole wheat and whole grain breads are made from this kind of flour — with some or all of the bran and wheat germ added back. Technically, as long as the three parts are present in the flour in the same relative proportions as in the intact grain, it's considered a whole grain. (Here's the official \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm151902.htm\">guidance\u003c/a> from the Food and Drug Administration.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But wheat can also be milled in a way that leaves fragments of the whole grain intact — think traditional grinding stones. And there's a difference between how your body metabolizes grains that are still intact, and grains that have been refined and reassembled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say it's certainly better to opt for any kind of whole grain loaf over white bread. But if bread lovers want to put the brakes on the rise and fall in blood sugar, perhaps the best options are loaves that contain chunks of grain still intact — like bits of wheat kernel, rye or millet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, when it comes to processing foods, \"less is more,\" Ludwig tells us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whole foods, minimally processed foods, certainly whole grains, take awhile to digest. They have to travel down the intestinal tract, and the sugars are slowly absorbed out of that whole grain so that blood sugar and insulin levels rise only modestly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to one small \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1834634/pdf/bmj00307-0036.pdf\">study\u003c/a> published back in the late 1980s where researchers found that increasing the proportion of whole grains or coarse cracked wheat in breads led to a more favorable glucose response in people with diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And over the long term, eating whole grains instead of highly refined grains may help reduce the risk of Type 2 diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artisanal bakers like Dan Gottfredson, who operates a \u003ca href=\"http://greatharvestrockville.com/\">Great Harvest Bread Co\u003c/a>. bakery in Rockville, Md., is well aware of the trend toward more whole foods. And, he says, bread fits into this trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it's not a surprise that his best-selling breads of the day are crunchy, high-fiber loaves, such as his whole wheat \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatharvestcharlotte.com/nutrition/dk.shtml\">Dakota bread\u003c/a>, which is loaded with sunflower seeds, pumpkin seeds and whole-grain millet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you listen to my story, you'll hear that increasingly there are more whole grain options in the grocery aisle, too. Examples include 12-grain breads, rye breads or loaves topped with cracked oats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Banning Traditional Animal Slaughter, Denmark Stokes Religous Ire",
"title": "Banning Traditional Animal Slaughter, Denmark Stokes Religous Ire",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80290\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/ap111213114106_new_wide-60c229c306bcbb4f6673190ff8b64fc5f91ac936.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/ap111213114106_new_wide-60c229c306bcbb4f6673190ff8b64fc5f91ac936.jpg\" alt=\"Ritually slaughtered lamb is delivered at a halal butcher shop in The Hague, Netherlands, in 2011. Denmark, Sweden and Norway are among the countries requiring animals to be stunned before slaughter. Dutch lawmakers took up the issue in 2012. Photo: Peter Dejong/AP\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ritually slaughtered lamb is delivered at a halal butcher shop in The Hague, Netherlands, in 2011. Denmark, Sweden and Norway are among the countries requiring animals to be stunned before slaughter. Dutch lawmakers took up the issue in 2012. Photo: Peter Dejong/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/09/291887381/banning-traditional-animal-slaughter-denmark-stokes-religous-ire\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/04/20140409_atc_denmark_stokes_religous_ire_by_banning_traditional_animal_slaughter.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Sidsel Overgaard, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/09/291887381/banning-traditional-animal-slaughter-denmark-stokes-religous-ire\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a conflict that pits animal welfare against religious rights, Denmark has ordered that all food animals must be stunned before being killed. The move effectively bans the ritual slaughter methods prescribed in both Muslim and Jewish tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80291\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/screen-shot-2014-04-09-at-2.45.06-pm_wide-dde6ae9779ff0fe7a6755a0b92a847afe49ffc27.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/screen-shot-2014-04-09-at-2.45.06-pm_wide-dde6ae9779ff0fe7a6755a0b92a847afe49ffc27-290x162.png\" alt=\"Finn Schwarz, president of the Jewish Congregation in Copenhagen, and Benyones Essabar of Danish Halal discuss the new slaughter rule on Danish TV. Photo: Nyhedeme\" width=\"290\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80291\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Finn Schwarz, president of the Jewish Congregation in Copenhagen, and Benyones Essabar of Danish Halal discuss the new slaughter rule on Danish TV. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://nyhederne.tv2.dk/2014-02-12-nu-er-det-slut-med-slagtning-uden-bed%C3%B8velse\">Nyhedeme\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(Yes, this is the same country that recently made news for killing an \"extra male\" giraffe at the zoo and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/10/274750447/copenhagen-zoos-scientific-director-defends-killing-giraffe\">dissecting it in public\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For biologist and animal welfare activist Peter Mollerup, the slaughter issue is pretty straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Danish legislation tells us that if you want to kill an animal, you should do it as quick and painless [as] possible,\" says Mollerup. And that simply can't be done if the animal is conscious when it's killed. For him, even if the difference between life and death is a matter of a few extra seconds, animal welfare must come before religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have [deep] respect for those people and their way to think about God, but it must not hurt any living creature,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jews and Muslims, meanwhile, argue that there is evidence to suggest that, if done \u003ca href=\"http://www.grandin.com/ritual/kosher.slaugh.html\">correctly\u003c/a>, ritual slaughter can be just as humane as conventional slaughter. The Danish minister for agriculture has invited local religious leaders to submit that proof, which they promised to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a practical level, the rule doesn't change much for Denmark's Jews and Muslims. The last Danish slaughterhouse willing to forgo stunning before slaughter shut down in 2004. Since then, Denmark's estimated 8,000 Jews have imported all kosher meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while most Islamic authorities agree that stunning is not ideal, many say that animals stunned before slaughter are still considered halal as long as the concussion is not the cause of death. According to that interpretation, 99 percent of the poultry slaughtered in Denmark is, and will continue to be, halal. And while that works for many of Denmark's 230,000 Muslims, those with concerns about how carefully religious tradition is being followed can opt for imported meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denmark is not the first country to invoke a stun first rule: Sweden and Norway have had similar bans on the books for decades. But Denmark's move is the most recent development in a discussion that seems to be growing louder in other parts of Europe. Dutch lawmakers took up the issue in 2012, and even Britain's top veterinarian is now making \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/06/reform-of-kosher-and-halal-slaughter-practices\">headlines\u003c/a> by suggesting his country would do well to follow the Danish example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Europe grows more secular, says Finn Schwarz, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eurojewcong.org/communities/denmark.html\">Jewish Congregation in Copenhagen\u003c/a>, \"religious tradition\" is no longer a valid argument for much of anything, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benyones Essabar with the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.danishhalal.com/\">Danish Halal\u003c/a> agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Religion itself in Europe doesn't play the big role ... it does in other countries. So every time we speak about something that [has] to do with religion,\" he says, \"it will always be looked at as something from medieval times, and something that doesn't have any scientific place in our modern days.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possibility that Denmark's rule could spread to other countries, or other traditions\u003cem>, \u003c/em>is Essabar's biggest fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now they've banned the ritual slaughter,\" Essabar says. \"The next step they are debating is actually banning the circumcision of boys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet both Schwarz and Essabar hesitate to use words like \"Islamophobia\" or \"anti-Semitism\" when discussing these issues. Essabar frames it as \"a lot of people afraid of different things,\" but Schwarz sees it as an easy way for politicians to score points with a mostly secular public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today we are ... living in a very complex world, and our problems in Denmark, like all other countries, are very complex,\" he says. \"What should we do with unemployment? What should we do with the kids that [don't] get an education? But these issues — the circumcision, the slaughtering — it's so easy\u003cem>.\u003c/em> And everyone can have their own opinion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there may be one bright spot for Denmark's religious minorities in all this. During one of the many recent TV debates featuring this Jew and Muslim on the same side of the table, Schwarz reached out to pat Essabar on the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I totally agree,\" Schwarz said. \"It's nice that we can agree on something once in a while.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The country's move to require animals to be stunned before being killed is seen by some as an affront to religious methods of slaughter. But now Jews and Muslims are working together to protest it.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80290\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1672px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/ap111213114106_new_wide-60c229c306bcbb4f6673190ff8b64fc5f91ac936.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/ap111213114106_new_wide-60c229c306bcbb4f6673190ff8b64fc5f91ac936.jpg\" alt=\"Ritually slaughtered lamb is delivered at a halal butcher shop in The Hague, Netherlands, in 2011. Denmark, Sweden and Norway are among the countries requiring animals to be stunned before slaughter. Dutch lawmakers took up the issue in 2012. Photo: Peter Dejong/AP\" width=\"1672\" height=\"941\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80290\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ritually slaughtered lamb is delivered at a halal butcher shop in The Hague, Netherlands, in 2011. Denmark, Sweden and Norway are among the countries requiring animals to be stunned before slaughter. Dutch lawmakers took up the issue in 2012. Photo: Peter Dejong/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/09/291887381/banning-traditional-animal-slaughter-denmark-stokes-religous-ire\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Sidsel Overgaard, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/09/291887381/banning-traditional-animal-slaughter-denmark-stokes-religous-ire\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/9/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a conflict that pits animal welfare against religious rights, Denmark has ordered that all food animals must be stunned before being killed. The move effectively bans the ritual slaughter methods prescribed in both Muslim and Jewish tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80291\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/screen-shot-2014-04-09-at-2.45.06-pm_wide-dde6ae9779ff0fe7a6755a0b92a847afe49ffc27.png\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/screen-shot-2014-04-09-at-2.45.06-pm_wide-dde6ae9779ff0fe7a6755a0b92a847afe49ffc27-290x162.png\" alt=\"Finn Schwarz, president of the Jewish Congregation in Copenhagen, and Benyones Essabar of Danish Halal discuss the new slaughter rule on Danish TV. Photo: Nyhedeme\" width=\"290\" height=\"162\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80291\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Finn Schwarz, president of the Jewish Congregation in Copenhagen, and Benyones Essabar of Danish Halal discuss the new slaughter rule on Danish TV. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://nyhederne.tv2.dk/2014-02-12-nu-er-det-slut-med-slagtning-uden-bed%C3%B8velse\">Nyhedeme\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(Yes, this is the same country that recently made news for killing an \"extra male\" giraffe at the zoo and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/02/10/274750447/copenhagen-zoos-scientific-director-defends-killing-giraffe\">dissecting it in public\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For biologist and animal welfare activist Peter Mollerup, the slaughter issue is pretty straightforward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Danish legislation tells us that if you want to kill an animal, you should do it as quick and painless [as] possible,\" says Mollerup. And that simply can't be done if the animal is conscious when it's killed. For him, even if the difference between life and death is a matter of a few extra seconds, animal welfare must come before religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have [deep] respect for those people and their way to think about God, but it must not hurt any living creature,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jews and Muslims, meanwhile, argue that there is evidence to suggest that, if done \u003ca href=\"http://www.grandin.com/ritual/kosher.slaugh.html\">correctly\u003c/a>, ritual slaughter can be just as humane as conventional slaughter. The Danish minister for agriculture has invited local religious leaders to submit that proof, which they promised to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a practical level, the rule doesn't change much for Denmark's Jews and Muslims. The last Danish slaughterhouse willing to forgo stunning before slaughter shut down in 2004. Since then, Denmark's estimated 8,000 Jews have imported all kosher meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while most Islamic authorities agree that stunning is not ideal, many say that animals stunned before slaughter are still considered halal as long as the concussion is not the cause of death. According to that interpretation, 99 percent of the poultry slaughtered in Denmark is, and will continue to be, halal. And while that works for many of Denmark's 230,000 Muslims, those with concerns about how carefully religious tradition is being followed can opt for imported meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denmark is not the first country to invoke a stun first rule: Sweden and Norway have had similar bans on the books for decades. But Denmark's move is the most recent development in a discussion that seems to be growing louder in other parts of Europe. Dutch lawmakers took up the issue in 2012, and even Britain's top veterinarian is now making \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/06/reform-of-kosher-and-halal-slaughter-practices\">headlines\u003c/a> by suggesting his country would do well to follow the Danish example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Europe grows more secular, says Finn Schwarz, president of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eurojewcong.org/communities/denmark.html\">Jewish Congregation in Copenhagen\u003c/a>, \"religious tradition\" is no longer a valid argument for much of anything, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benyones Essabar with the group \u003ca href=\"http://www.danishhalal.com/\">Danish Halal\u003c/a> agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Religion itself in Europe doesn't play the big role ... it does in other countries. So every time we speak about something that [has] to do with religion,\" he says, \"it will always be looked at as something from medieval times, and something that doesn't have any scientific place in our modern days.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possibility that Denmark's rule could spread to other countries, or other traditions\u003cem>, \u003c/em>is Essabar's biggest fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now they've banned the ritual slaughter,\" Essabar says. \"The next step they are debating is actually banning the circumcision of boys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet both Schwarz and Essabar hesitate to use words like \"Islamophobia\" or \"anti-Semitism\" when discussing these issues. Essabar frames it as \"a lot of people afraid of different things,\" but Schwarz sees it as an easy way for politicians to score points with a mostly secular public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today we are ... living in a very complex world, and our problems in Denmark, like all other countries, are very complex,\" he says. \"What should we do with unemployment? What should we do with the kids that [don't] get an education? But these issues — the circumcision, the slaughtering — it's so easy\u003cem>.\u003c/em> And everyone can have their own opinion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there may be one bright spot for Denmark's religious minorities in all this. During one of the many recent TV debates featuring this Jew and Muslim on the same side of the table, Schwarz reached out to pat Essabar on the back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I totally agree,\" Schwarz said. \"It's nice that we can agree on something once in a while.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Future Of Clean, Green Fish Farming Could Be Indoor Factories",
"title": "The Future Of Clean, Green Fish Farming Could Be Indoor Factories",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8884-ed8a28170cd6312c35d3bd2b4707d937d6f2705f.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8884-ed8a28170cd6312c35d3bd2b4707d937d6f2705f.jpg\" alt=\"Live tilapia raised by Blue Ridge Aquaculture are loaded into a truck bound for New York. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80178\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Live tilapia raised by Blue Ridge Aquaculture are loaded into a truck bound for New York. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/07/298333029/the-future-of-clean-green-fish-farming-could-be-indoor-factories\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/atc/2014/04/20140407_atc_can_fish_farms_thrive_in_the_usa.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/07/298333029/the-future-of-clean-green-fish-farming-could-be-indoor-factories\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/7/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why hasn't fish farming taken off in the U.S.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's certainly not for lack of demand for the fish. Slowly but surely, seafood that's grown in aquaculture is taking over the seafood section at your supermarket, and the vast majority is imported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shrimp and tilapia typically come from warm-water ponds in southeast Asia and Latin America. Farmed salmon come from big net pens in the coastal waters of Norway or Chile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/about_us/aquaculture_office_staff.html\">Michael Rubino\u003c/a>, director of aquaculture at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, says the U.S. could harvest much of that fish — especially the salmon — here at home. He points to a study carried out by the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization, which concluded that, among all the world's nations, the U.S. had the greatest potential for ocean-based aquaculture production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubino says it wouldn't even consume a very large area. \"The entire Norwegian production of salmon, a million tons a year, can be grown in an area about the size of the runways at JFK Airport in New York,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major reason why it hasn't happened is opposition from environmentalists and from people living on the coast, who enjoy their pristine ocean views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8769-e162ac20df56e6232673d05c773443cb9db21836.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8769-e162ac20df56e6232673d05c773443cb9db21836-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Yoni Zohar inspects fish larvae in his laboratory in downtown Baltimore. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80179\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yoni Zohar inspects fish larvae in his laboratory in downtown Baltimore. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists have been deeply suspicious of large-scale aquaculture. When millions of fish are crowded together, they generate \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/06/06/how-to-clean-up-fish-farms-and-raise-more-seafood-at-the-same-time/\">a lot of waste\u003c/a>. Fish farms can also be breeding grounds for diseases that can infect wild fish nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the problem of feeding the fish. That feed usually contains lots of fish meal and fish oil, which in turn come from wild fish — small species like menhaden or anchovies that are swept from the oceans by the shipload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's all given aquaculture a bad name — although Rubino insists that these environmental risks can easily be managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if there was a way to make fish farms totally clean and green?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several entrepreneurs say they're doing it. They're building fish factories on land, releasing almost no pollution — vastly less, in fact, than the fish farms from which we routinely buy seafood currently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're working to overcome two different kinds of barriers: technological and economic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cutting edge of technology is Yoni Zohar's laboratory at the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology in Baltimore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Zohar opens the door to his basement laboratory, I hear the hum of water pumps and see an array of plastic tanks, the biggest ones a dozen feet across. They're filled with artificial sea water and hundreds of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are located right on the inner harbor of Baltimore, but we don't take a drop of water from the harbor, and we don't drain a drop of water into the harbor,\" says Zohar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the fish in these tanks are hard to find in the wild. Among them are the gilt-head seabream and the branzino. If you find them on a restaurant menu, they're usually pretty expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These fish are now spawning,\" announces Zohar, gesturing toward one tank filled with seabream. Fish like these won't normally spawn in captivity. But Zohar has figured out ways to make the female fish think they're in their natural spawning grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea is to have the entire life cycle in completely clean and controlled conditions are are completely disease-free, so you don't introduce anything from the outside,\" Zohar says. As a result, these fish never need antibiotics, hormones or other chemicals to keep them healthy. And because they are kept in optimal conditions, they grow twice as quickly as fish in traditional net pens in the Mediterranean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/2fish.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/2fish.jpg\" alt=\"Every Wednesday, workers at Bill Martin's tilapia factory in Martinsville, Va., collect fresh eggs from the mouths of female tilapia fish. Photos: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"391\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Every Wednesday, workers at Bill Martin's tilapia factory in Martinsville, Va., collect fresh eggs from the mouths of female tilapia fish. Photos: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All the water here is completely recycled. Waste is filtered out and converted by bacteria into harmless nitrogen plus methane, which is burned for energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Zohar is testing a new kind of feed that contains no fish meal. It's made from common grains, algae and one supplemental amino acid that fish require.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears to solve aquaculture's environmental problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, remember, this is just a laboratory. Such a system will only replace traditional fish farming if it's also profitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I went to visit another self-contained fish farm: Bill Martin's tilapia factory in Martinsville, Va. Martin ushers me into a huge, dimly lit room, so warm and humid that mist hangs in the air and my glasses immediately fog up. As far as I can see, there are concrete tanks filled with water — a million and a half gallons in all — and millions of tilipia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If these were cattle, it would be called a feedlot. If they were chicken, it would be a broiler room,\" Martin tell me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80181\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8876-2109282898f2ccb0507e226382adf81ad7ff1a54.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8876-2109282898f2ccb0507e226382adf81ad7ff1a54-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Martin, president of Blue Ridge Aquaculture, in his company's tilapia-growing room. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80181\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Martin, president of Blue Ridge Aquaculture, in his company's tilapia-growing room. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each day, trucks haul away 10,000 to 20,000 pounds of live tilapia. They go to markets from Baltimore to Toronto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's big enough to make indoor aquaculture a real business. Like Zohar's laboratory in Baltimore, this factory is self-contained, free of disease. Martin says it's just practical. \"I'm not a tree-hugger or an environmentalist by nature,\" he says. \"I am one because it makes this capitalism that you see here work so much better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology here isn't quite as cutting edge as what I saw in Baltimore. Tilapia are a lot easier to grow than ocean fish. They aren't picky about where they spawn, for instance. (Martin's tilapia spawn in big ditches inside a nearby greenhouse.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a way, that makes Martin's job even harder, because he's competing with tilapia growers in Vietnam, China and Latin America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin sells his fish to a small segment of the market: people who who want to buy their fish live and will pay extra for them. He still can't compete directly with the imported tilapia filets that you see in the store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't pay people a dollar a week, or whatever they pay them, to hand cut these fish,\" he says. \"We had to wait until machinery was available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin is now about to test some new machines that will cut these fish into fillets. If they work, he says, his fish will be practically as cheap as the imports, while being produced in clean conditions, without the use of chemicals. He's also moving toward feed that contains no fish meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, he has even bigger ambitions. He'd like to grow other kinds of fish, and also shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indoor fish farms, he predicts, will be the clean and green future of aquaculture. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80178\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1449px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8884-ed8a28170cd6312c35d3bd2b4707d937d6f2705f.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8884-ed8a28170cd6312c35d3bd2b4707d937d6f2705f.jpg\" alt=\"Live tilapia raised by Blue Ridge Aquaculture are loaded into a truck bound for New York. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1449\" height=\"1086\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80178\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Live tilapia raised by Blue Ridge Aquaculture are loaded into a truck bound for New York. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/07/298333029/the-future-of-clean-green-fish-farming-could-be-indoor-factories\">All Things Considered\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/143160021/daniel-charles\">Dan Charles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/04/07/298333029/the-future-of-clean-green-fish-farming-could-be-indoor-factories\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (4/7/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why hasn't fish farming taken off in the U.S.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's certainly not for lack of demand for the fish. Slowly but surely, seafood that's grown in aquaculture is taking over the seafood section at your supermarket, and the vast majority is imported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shrimp and tilapia typically come from warm-water ponds in southeast Asia and Latin America. Farmed salmon come from big net pens in the coastal waters of Norway or Chile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/about_us/aquaculture_office_staff.html\">Michael Rubino\u003c/a>, director of aquaculture at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, says the U.S. could harvest much of that fish — especially the salmon — here at home. He points to a study carried out by the U.N.'s Food and Agriculture Organization, which concluded that, among all the world's nations, the U.S. had the greatest potential for ocean-based aquaculture production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubino says it wouldn't even consume a very large area. \"The entire Norwegian production of salmon, a million tons a year, can be grown in an area about the size of the runways at JFK Airport in New York,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major reason why it hasn't happened is opposition from environmentalists and from people living on the coast, who enjoy their pristine ocean views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8769-e162ac20df56e6232673d05c773443cb9db21836.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8769-e162ac20df56e6232673d05c773443cb9db21836-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Yoni Zohar inspects fish larvae in his laboratory in downtown Baltimore. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80179\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yoni Zohar inspects fish larvae in his laboratory in downtown Baltimore. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists have been deeply suspicious of large-scale aquaculture. When millions of fish are crowded together, they generate \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2013/06/06/how-to-clean-up-fish-farms-and-raise-more-seafood-at-the-same-time/\">a lot of waste\u003c/a>. Fish farms can also be breeding grounds for diseases that can infect wild fish nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there's the problem of feeding the fish. That feed usually contains lots of fish meal and fish oil, which in turn come from wild fish — small species like menhaden or anchovies that are swept from the oceans by the shipload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's all given aquaculture a bad name — although Rubino insists that these environmental risks can easily be managed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if there was a way to make fish farms totally clean and green?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several entrepreneurs say they're doing it. They're building fish factories on land, releasing almost no pollution — vastly less, in fact, than the fish farms from which we routinely buy seafood currently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're working to overcome two different kinds of barriers: technological and economic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cutting edge of technology is Yoni Zohar's laboratory at the Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology in Baltimore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Zohar opens the door to his basement laboratory, I hear the hum of water pumps and see an array of plastic tanks, the biggest ones a dozen feet across. They're filled with artificial sea water and hundreds of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are located right on the inner harbor of Baltimore, but we don't take a drop of water from the harbor, and we don't drain a drop of water into the harbor,\" says Zohar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the fish in these tanks are hard to find in the wild. Among them are the gilt-head seabream and the branzino. If you find them on a restaurant menu, they're usually pretty expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These fish are now spawning,\" announces Zohar, gesturing toward one tank filled with seabream. Fish like these won't normally spawn in captivity. But Zohar has figured out ways to make the female fish think they're in their natural spawning grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea is to have the entire life cycle in completely clean and controlled conditions are are completely disease-free, so you don't introduce anything from the outside,\" Zohar says. As a result, these fish never need antibiotics, hormones or other chemicals to keep them healthy. And because they are kept in optimal conditions, they grow twice as quickly as fish in traditional net pens in the Mediterranean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80190\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1120px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/2fish.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/2fish.jpg\" alt=\"Every Wednesday, workers at Bill Martin's tilapia factory in Martinsville, Va., collect fresh eggs from the mouths of female tilapia fish. Photos: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"1120\" height=\"391\" class=\"size-full wp-image-80190\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Every Wednesday, workers at Bill Martin's tilapia factory in Martinsville, Va., collect fresh eggs from the mouths of female tilapia fish. Photos: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All the water here is completely recycled. Waste is filtered out and converted by bacteria into harmless nitrogen plus methane, which is burned for energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, Zohar is testing a new kind of feed that contains no fish meal. It's made from common grains, algae and one supplemental amino acid that fish require.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It appears to solve aquaculture's environmental problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, remember, this is just a laboratory. Such a system will only replace traditional fish farming if it's also profitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I went to visit another self-contained fish farm: Bill Martin's tilapia factory in Martinsville, Va. Martin ushers me into a huge, dimly lit room, so warm and humid that mist hangs in the air and my glasses immediately fog up. As far as I can see, there are concrete tanks filled with water — a million and a half gallons in all — and millions of tilipia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If these were cattle, it would be called a feedlot. If they were chicken, it would be a broiler room,\" Martin tell me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_80181\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8876-2109282898f2ccb0507e226382adf81ad7ff1a54.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/04/img_8876-2109282898f2ccb0507e226382adf81ad7ff1a54-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Martin, president of Blue Ridge Aquaculture, in his company's tilapia-growing room. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-80181\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Martin, president of Blue Ridge Aquaculture, in his company's tilapia-growing room. Photo: Dan Charles/NPR\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each day, trucks haul away 10,000 to 20,000 pounds of live tilapia. They go to markets from Baltimore to Toronto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's big enough to make indoor aquaculture a real business. Like Zohar's laboratory in Baltimore, this factory is self-contained, free of disease. Martin says it's just practical. \"I'm not a tree-hugger or an environmentalist by nature,\" he says. \"I am one because it makes this capitalism that you see here work so much better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology here isn't quite as cutting edge as what I saw in Baltimore. Tilapia are a lot easier to grow than ocean fish. They aren't picky about where they spawn, for instance. (Martin's tilapia spawn in big ditches inside a nearby greenhouse.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a way, that makes Martin's job even harder, because he's competing with tilapia growers in Vietnam, China and Latin America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin sells his fish to a small segment of the market: people who who want to buy their fish live and will pay extra for them. He still can't compete directly with the imported tilapia filets that you see in the store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can't pay people a dollar a week, or whatever they pay them, to hand cut these fish,\" he says. \"We had to wait until machinery was available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin is now about to test some new machines that will cut these fish into fillets. If they work, he says, his fish will be practically as cheap as the imports, while being produced in clean conditions, without the use of chemicals. He's also moving toward feed that contains no fish meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, he has even bigger ambitions. He'd like to grow other kinds of fish, and also shrimp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indoor fish farms, he predicts, will be the clean and green future of aquaculture. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rethinking Fat: The Case For Adding Some Into Your Diet",
"title": "Rethinking Fat: The Case For Adding Some Into Your Diet",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79755\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/4532239153_2427705448_o_wide-3c9f385395f8b7a6db21deaa704c4da378932acc.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/4532239153_2427705448_o_wide-3c9f385395f8b7a6db21deaa704c4da378932acc.jpg\" alt=\"Nutrition researchers are reaching a new consensus: Cut back on all those refined carbs. And remember that some fat is good. Photo: Stacy Spensley/Flickr\" width=\"1000\" height=\"561\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79755\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nutrition researchers are reaching a new consensus: Cut back on all those refined carbs. And remember that some fat is good. Photo: Stacy Spensley/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/31/295719579/rethinking-fat-the-case-for-adding-some-into-your-diet\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/03/20140331_me_rethinking_fat_the_case_for_adding_some_into_your_diet.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Allison Aubrey, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/31/295719579/rethinking-fat-the-case-for-adding-some-into-your-diet\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/31/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the fat-free boom that swept the country in the 1990s? Yes, we know from the Salt readers who took our informal \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/22/292389447/remember-fat-free-mania-take-our-survey\">survey\u003c/a> that lots of you tried to follow it. And gave up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I definitely remember eating fat–free cookies, fat–free pudding, fat-free cheese, which was awful,\" Elizabeth Stafford, an attorney from North Carolina, told us in the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, she avoided all kinds of foods with fat: cheese, eggs, meat, even nuts and avocados. Most of the experts were recommending a low-fat diet to prevent heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as a result, her diet was full of sugar (lots of fat-free, sugary yogurt) and carbohydrates, like bagels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fat was really the villain,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/walter-willett/\">Walter Willett\u003c/a>, who is chairman of the department of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health. And, by default, people \"had to load up on carbohydrates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, by the mid-1990s, Willett says, there were already signs that the high-carb, low-fat approach might not lead to fewer heart attacks and strokes. He had a long-term study underway that was aimed at evaluating the effects of diet and lifestyle on health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were finding that if people seemed to replace saturated fat — the kind of fat found in cheese, eggs, meat, butter — with carbohydrate, there was no reduction in heart disease,\" Willett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willett submitted his data to a top medical journal, but he says the editors would not publish his findings. His paper was turned down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a lot of resistance to anything that would question the low-fat guidelines,\" Willett says, especially the guidelines on saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willett's \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/313/7049/84\">paper\u003c/a> was eventually published by a British medical journal, the \u003cem>BMJ\u003c/em>, in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, nearly two decades later, a more complicated picture has emerged of how fats and carbohydrates contribute to heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, it's clearer that some fats, namely plant-based fats found in nuts and olive oil, as well as those found in fatty fish, are beneficial. Willett says there's strong evidence that they help reduce the risk of heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's where it gets interesting: \"We've learned that carbohydrates aren't neutral,\" explains \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/dariush-mozaffarian/\">Dariush Mozaffarian\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Carbs] were the base of the pyramid,\" says Mozaffarian. The message was \"eat all carbohydrates you want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans took this as a green light to eat more refined grains such as breads, processed snack foods and white pasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But carbohydrates worsen glucose and insulin — they have negative effects on blood cholesterol levels,\" he says. And so the thinking that it's OK to swap saturated fats for these refined carbs \"has not been useful advice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's clear that saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol, the bad cholesterol. But that's only one risk factor for heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's now evidence that — compared with carbs — saturated fat can raise HDL cholesterol (the good cholesterol) and lower trigylcerides in the blood, which are both countering effects to heart disease, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you put all of this together,\" says Mozaffarian, what you see is that saturated fat has a relatively neutral effect compared with carbs. He says it's \"not a beneficial effect but not a harmful effect. And I think that's what the recent studies show.\" He points to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Siri-Tarino+Meta-analysis+of+prospective+cohort+studies\">review\u003c/a> of studies published in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also points to a highly publicized \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/03/18/dont-fear-the-fat-experts-question-saturated-fat-guidelines/\">recent meta-analysis\u003c/a> that concludes there's no convincing evidence to support the dietary recommendations to limit saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1846638\">findings\u003c/a> in that paper have created quite a bit of controversy. For instance, the American Heart Association \u003ca href=\"http://blog.heart.org/study-raises-questions-about-good-and-bad-fats/\">says\u003c/a> it stands by its recommendations to limit saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This research simply means that we lack the data from controlled clinical trials that truly test this question of how much saturated fat is acceptable,\" writes Linda Van Horn, a spokesperson for the American Heart Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what's the message that's getting out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, Mark Bittman, an author and op-ed contributor to the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>, wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/26/opinion/bittman-butter-is-back.html?_r=0\">column\u003c/a> titled \"Butter is Back\" based on the findings of the recent meta-analysis. \"When you're looking for a few chunks of pork for a stew, you can resume searching for the best pieces — the ones with the most fat,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This didn't sit well with \u003ca href=\"http://nutrition.tufts.edu/faculty/lichtenstein-alice\">Alice Lichtenstein\u003c/a>, a nutrition science and policy researcher at Tufts University, who wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/opinion/eat-more-butter-and-fat.html\">letter to the editor\u003c/a> arguing that green-lighting the return to butter and fatty pork was off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to an \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/11/11/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1.full.pdf+html\">AHA guideline review\u003c/a> supporting the recommendation to limit saturated fats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, given the kerfuffle, is there some consensus? Yes, it turns out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to us, Lichtenstein explained that, \"There are strong data to suggest substituting carbohydrate for saturated fat is not associated with a [cardiovascular risk] benefit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And like Willett and Mozafarrian, she makes the case that \"substituting polyunsaturated fatty acids [which are found in nuts, seeds, fish and leafy greens] for saturated fat is associated with a benefit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the message here seems to be: Cut back on all those refined carbs. And remember that some fat is good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/30/226844915/to-get-the-benefits-of-olive-oil-fresh-may-be-best\">heart-healthy Mediterranean diet\u003c/a>, which includes lots of nuts, olive oil, fish, fruits, vegetables and legumes, and small amounts of cheese and meat, turns out to be a pattern of eating that includes 40 percent to 45 percent of calories from fat. That's hardly low-fat!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, of course, in an age when people are avoiding animal products for many reasons, including animal welfare and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/21/291495523/how-your-love-of-burgers-may-be-helping-to-drive-wildlife-extinct?ft=1&f=1007\">environmental concerns\u003c/a>, new studies that conclude meat is OK, compared with all the refined grains we eat, is bound to raise criticism from vegetarians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nealbarnard.org/\">Neal Barnard\u003c/a>, a physician and vegetarian activist who leads the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, writes, \"Before you fry up that bacon, hold the fork.\" His conclusion about the recent meta-analysis is this: \"The study had some interesting statistical quirks that made [saturated fat] look safer than it really is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debates about fat will likely go on. And the new studies have been like lighter fluid on the charcoal grill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, stay tuned. But what's clear is this: Gone are the days of experts calling for ultra-low-fat diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Elizabeth Stafford, who told The Salt about how she struggled with her weight on a low-fat diet, says there's a good reason why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was always starving, and I never felt satisfied,\" she says, thinking back to her low-fat, high-carb days. Eating carbs \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/06/26/195292850/can-you-be-addicted-to-carbs-scientists-are-checking-that-out\">seems\u003c/a> to make you quickly hungrier for more carbs. And ditto for sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took me a long time not to be scared of fat,\" Stafford says. But, she says, she now enjoys scrambled eggs and the occasional burger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "There's new thinking about the effects of fat on our waistlines and our hearts. And consensus is building that saturated fat isn't the demon we were once told to fear, especially compared with carbs.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79755\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/4532239153_2427705448_o_wide-3c9f385395f8b7a6db21deaa704c4da378932acc.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/4532239153_2427705448_o_wide-3c9f385395f8b7a6db21deaa704c4da378932acc.jpg\" alt=\"Nutrition researchers are reaching a new consensus: Cut back on all those refined carbs. And remember that some fat is good. Photo: Stacy Spensley/Flickr\" width=\"1000\" height=\"561\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79755\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nutrition researchers are reaching a new consensus: Cut back on all those refined carbs. And remember that some fat is good. Photo: Stacy Spensley/Flickr\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/31/295719579/rethinking-fat-the-case-for-adding-some-into-your-diet\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>by Allison Aubrey, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/31/295719579/rethinking-fat-the-case-for-adding-some-into-your-diet\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/31/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember the fat-free boom that swept the country in the 1990s? Yes, we know from the Salt readers who took our informal \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/22/292389447/remember-fat-free-mania-take-our-survey\">survey\u003c/a> that lots of you tried to follow it. And gave up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I definitely remember eating fat–free cookies, fat–free pudding, fat-free cheese, which was awful,\" Elizabeth Stafford, an attorney from North Carolina, told us in the survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, she avoided all kinds of foods with fat: cheese, eggs, meat, even nuts and avocados. Most of the experts were recommending a low-fat diet to prevent heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as a result, her diet was full of sugar (lots of fat-free, sugary yogurt) and carbohydrates, like bagels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fat was really the villain,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/walter-willett/\">Walter Willett\u003c/a>, who is chairman of the department of nutrition at the Harvard School of Public Health. And, by default, people \"had to load up on carbohydrates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, by the mid-1990s, Willett says, there were already signs that the high-carb, low-fat approach might not lead to fewer heart attacks and strokes. He had a long-term study underway that was aimed at evaluating the effects of diet and lifestyle on health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were finding that if people seemed to replace saturated fat — the kind of fat found in cheese, eggs, meat, butter — with carbohydrate, there was no reduction in heart disease,\" Willett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willett submitted his data to a top medical journal, but he says the editors would not publish his findings. His paper was turned down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was a lot of resistance to anything that would question the low-fat guidelines,\" Willett says, especially the guidelines on saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willett's \u003ca href=\"http://www.bmj.com/content/313/7049/84\">paper\u003c/a> was eventually published by a British medical journal, the \u003cem>BMJ\u003c/em>, in 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, nearly two decades later, a more complicated picture has emerged of how fats and carbohydrates contribute to heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, it's clearer that some fats, namely plant-based fats found in nuts and olive oil, as well as those found in fatty fish, are beneficial. Willett says there's strong evidence that they help reduce the risk of heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But here's where it gets interesting: \"We've learned that carbohydrates aren't neutral,\" explains \u003ca href=\"http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/dariush-mozaffarian/\">Dariush Mozaffarian\u003c/a>, an epidemiologist at Harvard Medical School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Carbs] were the base of the pyramid,\" says Mozaffarian. The message was \"eat all carbohydrates you want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans took this as a green light to eat more refined grains such as breads, processed snack foods and white pasta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But carbohydrates worsen glucose and insulin — they have negative effects on blood cholesterol levels,\" he says. And so the thinking that it's OK to swap saturated fats for these refined carbs \"has not been useful advice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's clear that saturated fats can raise LDL cholesterol, the bad cholesterol. But that's only one risk factor for heart disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's now evidence that — compared with carbs — saturated fat can raise HDL cholesterol (the good cholesterol) and lower trigylcerides in the blood, which are both countering effects to heart disease, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you put all of this together,\" says Mozaffarian, what you see is that saturated fat has a relatively neutral effect compared with carbs. He says it's \"not a beneficial effect but not a harmful effect. And I think that's what the recent studies show.\" He points to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Siri-Tarino+Meta-analysis+of+prospective+cohort+studies\">review\u003c/a> of studies published in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also points to a highly publicized \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2014/03/18/dont-fear-the-fat-experts-question-saturated-fat-guidelines/\">recent meta-analysis\u003c/a> that concludes there's no convincing evidence to support the dietary recommendations to limit saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1846638\">findings\u003c/a> in that paper have created quite a bit of controversy. For instance, the American Heart Association \u003ca href=\"http://blog.heart.org/study-raises-questions-about-good-and-bad-fats/\">says\u003c/a> it stands by its recommendations to limit saturated fat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This research simply means that we lack the data from controlled clinical trials that truly test this question of how much saturated fat is acceptable,\" writes Linda Van Horn, a spokesperson for the American Heart Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what's the message that's getting out?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, Mark Bittman, an author and op-ed contributor to the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>, wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/26/opinion/bittman-butter-is-back.html?_r=0\">column\u003c/a> titled \"Butter is Back\" based on the findings of the recent meta-analysis. \"When you're looking for a few chunks of pork for a stew, you can resume searching for the best pieces — the ones with the most fat,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This didn't sit well with \u003ca href=\"http://nutrition.tufts.edu/faculty/lichtenstein-alice\">Alice Lichtenstein\u003c/a>, a nutrition science and policy researcher at Tufts University, who wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/29/opinion/eat-more-butter-and-fat.html\">letter to the editor\u003c/a> arguing that green-lighting the return to butter and fatty pork was off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to an \u003ca href=\"http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/early/2013/11/11/01.cir.0000437740.48606.d1.full.pdf+html\">AHA guideline review\u003c/a> supporting the recommendation to limit saturated fats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, given the kerfuffle, is there some consensus? Yes, it turns out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to us, Lichtenstein explained that, \"There are strong data to suggest substituting carbohydrate for saturated fat is not associated with a [cardiovascular risk] benefit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And like Willett and Mozafarrian, she makes the case that \"substituting polyunsaturated fatty acids [which are found in nuts, seeds, fish and leafy greens] for saturated fat is associated with a benefit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the message here seems to be: Cut back on all those refined carbs. And remember that some fat is good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After all, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/09/30/226844915/to-get-the-benefits-of-olive-oil-fresh-may-be-best\">heart-healthy Mediterranean diet\u003c/a>, which includes lots of nuts, olive oil, fish, fruits, vegetables and legumes, and small amounts of cheese and meat, turns out to be a pattern of eating that includes 40 percent to 45 percent of calories from fat. That's hardly low-fat!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, of course, in an age when people are avoiding animal products for many reasons, including animal welfare and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/21/291495523/how-your-love-of-burgers-may-be-helping-to-drive-wildlife-extinct?ft=1&f=1007\">environmental concerns\u003c/a>, new studies that conclude meat is OK, compared with all the refined grains we eat, is bound to raise criticism from vegetarians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nealbarnard.org/\">Neal Barnard\u003c/a>, a physician and vegetarian activist who leads the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine, writes, \"Before you fry up that bacon, hold the fork.\" His conclusion about the recent meta-analysis is this: \"The study had some interesting statistical quirks that made [saturated fat] look safer than it really is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debates about fat will likely go on. And the new studies have been like lighter fluid on the charcoal grill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, stay tuned. But what's clear is this: Gone are the days of experts calling for ultra-low-fat diets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, Elizabeth Stafford, who told The Salt about how she struggled with her weight on a low-fat diet, says there's a good reason why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was always starving, and I never felt satisfied,\" she says, thinking back to her low-fat, high-carb days. Eating carbs \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/06/26/195292850/can-you-be-addicted-to-carbs-scientists-are-checking-that-out\">seems\u003c/a> to make you quickly hungrier for more carbs. And ditto for sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It took me a long time not to be scared of fat,\" Stafford says. But, she says, she now enjoys scrambled eggs and the occasional burger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Truckin': Salmon Take A Long, Strange Trip To The Pacific Ocean",
"title": "Truckin': Salmon Take A Long, Strange Trip To The Pacific Ocean",
"headTitle": "Bay Area Bites | KQED Food",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480516545_wide-c65ba1a68a23fe8d0247a9a50d3d348182760f69.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480516545_wide-c65ba1a68a23fe8d0247a9a50d3d348182760f69.jpg\" alt=\"Pacific Or Bust: Fingerling Chinook salmon are dumped into a holding pen Tuesday as they are transferred from a truck into the Sacramento River in Rio Vista, Calif. From here, they'll be towed downstream for a bit, then make their own way out to the Pacific Ocean. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79520\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific Or Bust: Fingerling Chinook salmon are dumped into a holding pen Tuesday as they are transferred from a truck into the Sacramento River in Rio Vista, Calif. From here, they'll be towed downstream for a bit, then make their own way out to the Pacific Ocean. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294416303/what-a-long-strange-trip-salmon-are-trucking-to-the-pacific-ocean\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/03/20140326_me_what_a_long_strange_trip_salmon_are_trucking_to_the_pacific_ocean.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100569/richard-gonzales\">Richard Gonzales\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294416303/what-a-long-strange-trip-salmon-are-trucking-to-the-pacific-ocean\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, severe drought has imperiled millions of juvenile salmon who now face waterways too dry to let them make their usual migration to the Pacific Ocean. So state and federal officials are giving millions of salmon a lift — in tanker trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two-and-a-half months, some 30 million Chinook salmon will be trucked from five hatcheries in the state's Central Valley to waters where they can make their way to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trucking experiment formally kicked off Tuesday, when some 400,000 smolt — juvenile salmon about 3 to 4 inches long — hitched a ride on climate-controlled tankers from the Coleman National hatchery near Red Bluff to the Sacramento River, in the delta town of Rio Vista. A roughly 100-foot-long pipe then funneled the fish from the truck into a series of floating holding pens in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon usually make the 270-mile trip on their own. But they wouldn't have been able to survive the swim in this drought, says \u003ca href=\"http://fishhabitat.org/content/bob-clarke\">Bob Clarke\u003c/a>, fisheries program supervisor for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't get any rain, later in the year the river may become too low, too slow and too clear,\" Clarke says, \"so that the fish would face too warm temperatures and too much predation, and would ... all perish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are certainly extreme measures, says Stafford Lehr, the chief of fisheries for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, but drought has left officials with little choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not necessarily in favor of trucking 100 percent of our fish,\" he says. \"So we would prefer to find other means to release these [salmon], to improve their homing ability to get back to their natal streams.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials worry that this hitchhike for the fish will disrupt their ability to \"imprint.\" That refers to the process by which the fish \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/07/171384063/animal-magnetism-how-salmon-find-their-way-back-home\">learn the location\u003c/a> of their home waters so they can return there from the ocean in three or four years in order to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lehr says that's a risk worth taking. And the trucking operation could be a boon to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty-five percent of these fish have a small tag in their nose that identifies the hatchery and the river they belong to and the release strategy,\" he explains. \"So we'll be able to track those fish in four years, or three years. As they come back, we take those tags and we read them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480522075-b402d2d28e11a87424ad39d1678a1ee472053f95.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480522075-b402d2d28e11a87424ad39d1678a1ee472053f95-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"A California Department of Fish and Wildlife worker prepares to release fingerling Chinook salmon into the Sacramento River on Tuesday in Rio Vista, Calif. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-79521\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California Department of Fish and Wildlife worker prepares to release fingerling Chinook salmon into the Sacramento River on Tuesday in Rio Vista, Calif. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There's more than a little history here. In 1991 the state trucked salmon to the delta. But the trucks simply dumped the fish near the river banks, where they were easy pickings for predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, poor river conditions and a low supply of food in the ocean caused few salmon to return home for spawning. The result: The commercial salmon fishing industry was virtually shut down for a couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why state and federal officials are taking painstaking steps to make sure every juvenile salmon is flushed properly out of the tanker trucks. The holding pens are operated by staff from a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fisheryfoundation.org/staff/fishery_foundation_staff.html\">Fishery Foundation of California\u003c/a>. Kari Burr, a senior biologist with the group, says the pens allow the fish to get accustomed to the water temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One tell-tale sign that smolts are ready to make the transition to salt water? The fish assume a shiny silver color, she says. \"They're looking good and healthy,\" she says of the current batch of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the pens are full, a boat slowly tugs them at about the speed of the tide to the middle of the Sacramento River, where the fish will be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon are the root stock of an industry estimated at about $1.5 billion in these parts. On the dock, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>, John McManus, is beaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For us in the sport and commercial salmon fishery industry, it means that we should see much better returns of adults in 2016, when these fish are fully grown,\" he says. \"We'll have something to harvest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means lovers of salmon will find fish on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1674px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480516545_wide-c65ba1a68a23fe8d0247a9a50d3d348182760f69.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480516545_wide-c65ba1a68a23fe8d0247a9a50d3d348182760f69.jpg\" alt=\"Pacific Or Bust: Fingerling Chinook salmon are dumped into a holding pen Tuesday as they are transferred from a truck into the Sacramento River in Rio Vista, Calif. From here, they'll be towed downstream for a bit, then make their own way out to the Pacific Ocean. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"1674\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79520\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific Or Bust: Fingerling Chinook salmon are dumped into a holding pen Tuesday as they are transferred from a truck into the Sacramento River in Rio Vista, Calif. From here, they'll be towed downstream for a bit, then make their own way out to the Pacific Ocean. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294416303/what-a-long-strange-trip-salmon-are-trucking-to-the-pacific-ocean\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100569/richard-gonzales\">Richard Gonzales\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294416303/what-a-long-strange-trip-salmon-are-trucking-to-the-pacific-ocean\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, severe drought has imperiled millions of juvenile salmon who now face waterways too dry to let them make their usual migration to the Pacific Ocean. So state and federal officials are giving millions of salmon a lift — in tanker trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next two-and-a-half months, some 30 million Chinook salmon will be trucked from five hatcheries in the state's Central Valley to waters where they can make their way to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trucking experiment formally kicked off Tuesday, when some 400,000 smolt — juvenile salmon about 3 to 4 inches long — hitched a ride on climate-controlled tankers from the Coleman National hatchery near Red Bluff to the Sacramento River, in the delta town of Rio Vista. A roughly 100-foot-long pipe then funneled the fish from the truck into a series of floating holding pens in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon usually make the 270-mile trip on their own. But they wouldn't have been able to survive the swim in this drought, says \u003ca href=\"http://fishhabitat.org/content/bob-clarke\">Bob Clarke\u003c/a>, fisheries program supervisor for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we don't get any rain, later in the year the river may become too low, too slow and too clear,\" Clarke says, \"so that the fish would face too warm temperatures and too much predation, and would ... all perish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are certainly extreme measures, says Stafford Lehr, the chief of fisheries for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, but drought has left officials with little choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not necessarily in favor of trucking 100 percent of our fish,\" he says. \"So we would prefer to find other means to release these [salmon], to improve their homing ability to get back to their natal streams.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials worry that this hitchhike for the fish will disrupt their ability to \"imprint.\" That refers to the process by which the fish \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2013/02/07/171384063/animal-magnetism-how-salmon-find-their-way-back-home\">learn the location\u003c/a> of their home waters so they can return there from the ocean in three or four years in order to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Lehr says that's a risk worth taking. And the trucking operation could be a boon to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twenty-five percent of these fish have a small tag in their nose that identifies the hatchery and the river they belong to and the release strategy,\" he explains. \"So we'll be able to track those fish in four years, or three years. As they come back, we take those tags and we read them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79521\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480522075-b402d2d28e11a87424ad39d1678a1ee472053f95.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/480522075-b402d2d28e11a87424ad39d1678a1ee472053f95-290x217.jpg\" alt=\"A California Department of Fish and Wildlife worker prepares to release fingerling Chinook salmon into the Sacramento River on Tuesday in Rio Vista, Calif. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\" width=\"290\" height=\"217\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-79521\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California Department of Fish and Wildlife worker prepares to release fingerling Chinook salmon into the Sacramento River on Tuesday in Rio Vista, Calif. Photo: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There's more than a little history here. In 1991 the state trucked salmon to the delta. But the trucks simply dumped the fish near the river banks, where they were easy pickings for predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2008, poor river conditions and a low supply of food in the ocean caused few salmon to return home for spawning. The result: The commercial salmon fishing industry was virtually shut down for a couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's why state and federal officials are taking painstaking steps to make sure every juvenile salmon is flushed properly out of the tanker trucks. The holding pens are operated by staff from a group called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fisheryfoundation.org/staff/fishery_foundation_staff.html\">Fishery Foundation of California\u003c/a>. Kari Burr, a senior biologist with the group, says the pens allow the fish to get accustomed to the water temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One tell-tale sign that smolts are ready to make the transition to salt water? The fish assume a shiny silver color, she says. \"They're looking good and healthy,\" she says of the current batch of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the pens are full, a boat slowly tugs them at about the speed of the tide to the middle of the Sacramento River, where the fish will be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The salmon are the root stock of an industry estimated at about $1.5 billion in these parts. On the dock, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>, John McManus, is beaming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For us in the sport and commercial salmon fishery industry, it means that we should see much better returns of adults in 2016, when these fish are fully grown,\" he says. \"We'll have something to harvest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means lovers of salmon will find fish on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Mexico And U.S., Lime Lovers Feel Squeezed By High Prices",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_79507\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1673px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/ap823905112805_wide-add3bdaadda52a755b5af36d6b34ae4a0eb39670.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2014/03/ap823905112805_wide-add3bdaadda52a755b5af36d6b34ae4a0eb39670.jpg\" alt=\"A worker unloads a truck full of Mexican limes at a citrus packing plant in La Ruana, in the state of Michoacan, Mexico. Photo: Dario Lopez-Mills/AP\" width=\"1673\" height=\"940\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79507\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A worker unloads a truck full of Mexican limes at a citrus packing plant in La Ruana, in the state of Michoacan, Mexico. Photo: Dario Lopez-Mills/AP\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the Story\u003c/strong> on \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294413761/in-mexico-and-u-s-lime-lovers-feel-squeezed-by-high-prices\">Morning Edition\u003c/a> [audio src=\"http://pd.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2014/03/20140326_me_in_mexico_and_us_lime_lovers_feel_squeezed_by_high_prices.mp3\"] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Post by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/2100701/carrie-kahn\">Carrie Kahn\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thesalt/2014/03/26/294413761/in-mexico-and-u-s-lime-lovers-feel-squeezed-by-high-prices\">The Salt at NPR Food\u003c/a> (3/26/14)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Has the price of your margarita cocktail shot up? Guacamole more expensive? Blame it on limes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 98 percent of limes consumed in the U.S. come from Mexico. But our neighbors to the south are feeling seriously squeezed by a shortage of the beloved citrus fruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a Mexico City outdoor market, vendor Alberto Reyes Stanislao tries to entice passersby to buy his limes with sweet talk and coaxing. But with limes going for 50 pesos a kilo — about $1.75 a pound, or three times the normal price — his sales have plummeted 50 percent. And he says he's getting an earful from customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They say I'm selling green gold. One customer told me that instead of eating the limes, she was going to wear them as a necklace,\" says Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., grocery stores are now charging an average of 53 cents for a single lime, compared to 21 cents per fruit at this time last year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/fvwretail.pdf\">latest data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A combination of factors has affected Mexican production. Heavy rains late last year in the states of Michoacan, Guerrero and Veracruz hurt the crop. And in Colima, a big lime-producing state, a bacterium is infecting trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With supply tight at home, exports across the border are getting more and more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year, we are in unchartered waters with limes, says Raul Millan of New Jersey-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.visionimportgroup.com/\">Vision Import Group\u003c/a>. \"I've never seen limes at these prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millan says he can still recall a time when a 40-pound box of the so-called Mexican Persian variety went for as little as $4. This week, he paid 25 times that much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm surprised that demand is still there, even at $100 a box,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With prices that high, Millan says organized crime thieves in Mexico are stealing truckloads of limes. He says his producers in Veracruz have had to hire armed security guards for the trip to the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mexico, authorities say lime production should pick up in the coming months, as yields go up with the arrival of spring, and prices will hopefully fall back down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's good news to Ruben Jacobo, who's grilling up rib eye, \u003cem>carne asada\u003c/em> and chicken at his street taco stand. He says a taco without a squeeze of lime on it is just not a taco. And the high prices are cutting into his already small profit margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately,\" Jacobo tells me, \"it seems the more expensive something is, the more people want it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, he caught a woman emptying his complimentary plate of lime wedges straight into her bag. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It's enough to leave you crying in your margarita: Lime prices are so high these days that in Mexico, organized gangs have even started stealing the fruit. Prices are no better stateside.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They say I'm selling green gold. One customer told me that instead of eating the limes, she was going to wear them as a necklace,\" says Reyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., grocery stores are now charging an average of 53 cents for a single lime, compared to 21 cents per fruit at this time last year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ams.usda.gov/mnreports/fvwretail.pdf\">latest data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Department of Agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A combination of factors has affected Mexican production. Heavy rains late last year in the states of Michoacan, Guerrero and Veracruz hurt the crop. And in Colima, a big lime-producing state, a bacterium is infecting trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With supply tight at home, exports across the border are getting more and more expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This year, we are in unchartered waters with limes, says Raul Millan of New Jersey-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.visionimportgroup.com/\">Vision Import Group\u003c/a>. \"I've never seen limes at these prices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millan says he can still recall a time when a 40-pound box of the so-called Mexican Persian variety went for as little as $4. This week, he paid 25 times that much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm surprised that demand is still there, even at $100 a box,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With prices that high, Millan says organized crime thieves in Mexico are stealing truckloads of limes. He says his producers in Veracruz have had to hire armed security guards for the trip to the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Mexico, authorities say lime production should pick up in the coming months, as yields go up with the arrival of spring, and prices will hopefully fall back down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's good news to Ruben Jacobo, who's grilling up rib eye, \u003cem>carne asada\u003c/em> and chicken at his street taco stand. He says a taco without a squeeze of lime on it is just not a taco. And the high prices are cutting into his already small profit margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately,\" Jacobo tells me, \"it seems the more expensive something is, the more people want it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, he caught a woman emptying his complimentary plate of lime wedges straight into her bag. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2014 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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