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"title": "Opinion: Even a Grammar Geezer Like Me Can Get Used to Gender Neutral Pronouns",
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"content": "\u003cp>Letter-for-letter, no part of speech gets people more worked up than pronouns do. Linguistic history is dotted with eruptions of pronoun rage. Right now, the provocation is the gender-neutral pronouns that some nonbinary people have asked to be called by, so that they won’t have to be identified as “he” or “she.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several of these in circulation. Some are new words, like “ze” and “co,” but some go back a ways—in fact, people have been proposing new gender-neutral pronouns for \u003ca href=\"https://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/epicene.htm\">150 years\u003c/a>, though none has ever caught on. But the most popular choice, and probably the most controversial one, is the familiar pronoun that people describe as the singular “they.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see why people would pick “they.” In everyday speech we often use that pronoun for a single person, though only when the word or phrase it substitutes for—its antecedent, as it’s called—doesn’t refer to a specific individual. So we say, “Somebody lost their wallet,” or, “If a student fails, they have to retake the course.” Or the person we’re referring to may be simply unknown. Your daughter’s cell phone rings at the dinner table; you say, “Tell them you’ll call them back.” Male or female, one caller or several? The pronoun “they” is like, “whatever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That singular “they” goes back hundreds of years. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/austhlis.html#X2\">Jane Austen’s\u003c/a> novels are bristling with sentences like “No one can ever be in love more than once in their life.” But that use of the pronoun fell into disrepute in the 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century, when grammarians condemned it as incorrect and proclaimed that the so-called generic “he” should be used instead. The idea is that when you write, “Every singer has his range,” the pronoun “his” refers to both men and women—or as they sometimes put it, “the \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.illinois.edu/view/25/300287\">masculine embraces the feminine\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When second-wave feminists protested in the 1970s that the generic “he” was sexist, they roused a storm of indignation. They were accused of \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-07-09-vw-8305-story.html\">emasculating\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/10/magazine/on-language-gender-benders.html\">neutering\u003c/a> the language. The chairman of the Harvard Linguistics Department charged that they were suffering from “\u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/02/10/pronoun-envy\">pronoun envy\u003c/a>.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/29/magazine/on-language-proximity-talks.html\">William Safire\u003c/a> warned that to accept the use of “they” in place of “he” would be to “cave in to the radic-lib forces of usage permissiveness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, those reactions betrayed the obtuseness that the psychologist Cordelia Fine calls “\u003ca href=\"https://wwnorton.com/books/Delusions-of-Gender\">delusions of gender\u003c/a>.” The fact is that the pronoun “he” is never gender-neutral. If Sting had sung, “If you love somebody, set him free,” it would have brought only a male to mind. What the language required was “set them free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender-neutral singular “they” has history, English grammar and gender equity on its side, and it’s gradually been \u003ca href=\"https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/mcintyre/87915039-132.html\">restored\u003c/a> to the written language. Schoolroom crotchets can be hard to let go of. But we’ve largely leveled the linguistic playing field—at least, “he” no longer takes precedence over “she.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that didn’t make any provision for the rainbow of nonbinary and nonconforming \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/28/us/pride-identity.html?searchResultPosition=1\">gender identities\u003c/a> that have risen into public awareness in recent years. The language still required us to choose between “he” and “she” to refer to a specific individual. The singular “they” initially sounded awkward here. We can say, “Somebody named Sandy was brushing their hair” where the pronoun replaces the nonspecific “somebody”—that’s been standard colloquial English for centuries. But when someone says just, “Sandy was brushing their hair,” you’re brought up short. Your first thought is that “they” must refer to some group of people whose hair Sandy was brushing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can make this work if you tweak your internal grammar so that the pronoun “they” can refer to a specific individual. It takes some practice to get the hang of it, but the human language processing capacity is more adaptable than people realize, even for geezers like me. As I read through an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/magazine/gender-nonbinary.html\">article\u003c/a> about a nonbinary person who uses “they,” “them” and “their,” the pronouns ultimately sort themselves out. In context, they’re rarely ambiguous, no more than any other pronoun: “Tracy should take better care of themself”; “Pat hasn’t made up their mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That new use of “they” has passed muster with the AP’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2017/ap-style-change-singular-they-is-acceptable-in-limited-cases/\">style guide\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=they\">American Heritage Dictionary\u003c/a>. In theory, anyone can adopt it, whatever their gender identity. But we’ll still be using “he” and “she” to refer to most individuals who identify as male and female. You can introduce new gender-neutral terms without driving out the gendered ones. “Sibling” has been part of the everyday language for more than 50 years, but we can still talk about brothers and sisters. When someone says, “Taylor has a lot going for them,” it’s a fair bet that that’s the pronoun that Taylor prefers to be called by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a lot to ask—just a small courtesy and sign of respect. In fact, the accommodations we’re being asked to make to nonbinary individuals are much less far-reaching than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/books/titles/745283921/the-handbook-of-nonsexist-writing\">linguistic changes\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://public.oed.com/blog/resistance-fertile-language-borne-feminist-movement/\">feminists\u003c/a> called for 50 years ago. Yet the reactions this time have been even more vehement than they were back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fifth-grade teacher in \u003ca href=\"https://wapo.st/2YKHqyV\">Florida\u003c/a> whose preferred pronouns are “they,” “them” and “their” was removed from the classroom when some parents complained about exposing their children to the transgender lifestyle. When the diversity and inclusion office at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville published a guide to alternative pronouns in 2015, the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.mic.com/articles/142080/tennessee-budget-bill-bans-gender-neutral-pronouns-tramples-on-free-speech\">legislature\u003c/a> promptly defunded the center and barred the university from promoting the use of gender-neutral pronouns in the future. Like the classic episodes of pronoun rage in earlier eras, these aren’t about pronouns at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 Fresh Air. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Opinion%3A+Even+A+Grammar+Geezer+Like+Me+Can+Get+Used+To+Gender+Neutral+Pronouns&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Letter-for-letter, no part of speech gets people more worked up than pronouns do. Linguistic history is dotted with eruptions of pronoun rage. Right now, the provocation is the gender-neutral pronouns that some nonbinary people have asked to be called by, so that they won’t have to be identified as “he” or “she.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are several of these in circulation. Some are new words, like “ze” and “co,” but some go back a ways—in fact, people have been proposing new gender-neutral pronouns for \u003ca href=\"https://www.english.illinois.edu/-people-/faculty/debaron/essays/epicene.htm\">150 years\u003c/a>, though none has ever caught on. But the most popular choice, and probably the most controversial one, is the familiar pronoun that people describe as the singular “they.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see why people would pick “they.” In everyday speech we often use that pronoun for a single person, though only when the word or phrase it substitutes for—its antecedent, as it’s called—doesn’t refer to a specific individual. So we say, “Somebody lost their wallet,” or, “If a student fails, they have to retake the course.” Or the person we’re referring to may be simply unknown. Your daughter’s cell phone rings at the dinner table; you say, “Tell them you’ll call them back.” Male or female, one caller or several? The pronoun “they” is like, “whatever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That singular “they” goes back hundreds of years. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/austhlis.html#X2\">Jane Austen’s\u003c/a> novels are bristling with sentences like “No one can ever be in love more than once in their life.” But that use of the pronoun fell into disrepute in the 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century, when grammarians condemned it as incorrect and proclaimed that the so-called generic “he” should be used instead. The idea is that when you write, “Every singer has his range,” the pronoun “his” refers to both men and women—or as they sometimes put it, “the \u003ca href=\"https://blogs.illinois.edu/view/25/300287\">masculine embraces the feminine\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When second-wave feminists protested in the 1970s that the generic “he” was sexist, they roused a storm of indignation. They were accused of \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-07-09-vw-8305-story.html\">emasculating\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1986/08/10/magazine/on-language-gender-benders.html\">neutering\u003c/a> the language. The chairman of the Harvard Linguistics Department charged that they were suffering from “\u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2014/02/10/pronoun-envy\">pronoun envy\u003c/a>.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1995/10/29/magazine/on-language-proximity-talks.html\">William Safire\u003c/a> warned that to accept the use of “they” in place of “he” would be to “cave in to the radic-lib forces of usage permissiveness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, those reactions betrayed the obtuseness that the psychologist Cordelia Fine calls “\u003ca href=\"https://wwnorton.com/books/Delusions-of-Gender\">delusions of gender\u003c/a>.” The fact is that the pronoun “he” is never gender-neutral. If Sting had sung, “If you love somebody, set him free,” it would have brought only a male to mind. What the language required was “set them free.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender-neutral singular “they” has history, English grammar and gender equity on its side, and it’s gradually been \u003ca href=\"https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/columnists/mcintyre/87915039-132.html\">restored\u003c/a> to the written language. Schoolroom crotchets can be hard to let go of. But we’ve largely leveled the linguistic playing field—at least, “he” no longer takes precedence over “she.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that didn’t make any provision for the rainbow of nonbinary and nonconforming \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/06/28/us/pride-identity.html?searchResultPosition=1\">gender identities\u003c/a> that have risen into public awareness in recent years. The language still required us to choose between “he” and “she” to refer to a specific individual. The singular “they” initially sounded awkward here. We can say, “Somebody named Sandy was brushing their hair” where the pronoun replaces the nonspecific “somebody”—that’s been standard colloquial English for centuries. But when someone says just, “Sandy was brushing their hair,” you’re brought up short. Your first thought is that “they” must refer to some group of people whose hair Sandy was brushing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But you can make this work if you tweak your internal grammar so that the pronoun “they” can refer to a specific individual. It takes some practice to get the hang of it, but the human language processing capacity is more adaptable than people realize, even for geezers like me. As I read through an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/04/magazine/gender-nonbinary.html\">article\u003c/a> about a nonbinary person who uses “they,” “them” and “their,” the pronouns ultimately sort themselves out. In context, they’re rarely ambiguous, no more than any other pronoun: “Tracy should take better care of themself”; “Pat hasn’t made up their mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That new use of “they” has passed muster with the AP’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.poynter.org/reporting-editing/2017/ap-style-change-singular-they-is-acceptable-in-limited-cases/\">style guide\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://ahdictionary.com/word/search.html?q=they\">American Heritage Dictionary\u003c/a>. In theory, anyone can adopt it, whatever their gender identity. But we’ll still be using “he” and “she” to refer to most individuals who identify as male and female. You can introduce new gender-neutral terms without driving out the gendered ones. “Sibling” has been part of the everyday language for more than 50 years, but we can still talk about brothers and sisters. When someone says, “Taylor has a lot going for them,” it’s a fair bet that that’s the pronoun that Taylor prefers to be called by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not a lot to ask—just a small courtesy and sign of respect. In fact, the accommodations we’re being asked to make to nonbinary individuals are much less far-reaching than the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/books/titles/745283921/the-handbook-of-nonsexist-writing\">linguistic changes\u003c/a> that \u003ca href=\"https://public.oed.com/blog/resistance-fertile-language-borne-feminist-movement/\">feminists\u003c/a> called for 50 years ago. Yet the reactions this time have been even more vehement than they were back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fifth-grade teacher in \u003ca href=\"https://wapo.st/2YKHqyV\">Florida\u003c/a> whose preferred pronouns are “they,” “them” and “their” was removed from the classroom when some parents complained about exposing their children to the transgender lifestyle. When the diversity and inclusion office at the University of Tennessee at Knoxville published a guide to alternative pronouns in 2015, the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.mic.com/articles/142080/tennessee-budget-bill-bans-gender-neutral-pronouns-tramples-on-free-speech\">legislature\u003c/a> promptly defunded the center and barred the university from promoting the use of gender-neutral pronouns in the future. Like the classic episodes of pronoun rage in earlier eras, these aren’t about pronouns at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2019 Fresh Air. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/\">Fresh Air\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Opinion%3A+Even+A+Grammar+Geezer+Like+Me+Can+Get+Used+To+Gender+Neutral+Pronouns&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Ruth Bader Ginsburg On Love And Other Things",
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"content": "\u003cp>Finding love is not easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg counts herself among the lucky ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She had an epic marriage to her late husband, Marty Ginsburg, that has been detailed in many places (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128249680\">here\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a26292252/ruth-bader-ginsburg-martin-husband-love-story-rbg/\">here \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.biography.com/news/ruth-bader-ginsburg-husband-marty-love-story\">here\u003c/a>), including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rbgmovie.com/\">RBG documentary.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this past year tested Ginsburg in a new way without the love of her life. She was diagnosed with cancer for the third time in 20 years late last year, and it was the first time she has had to wage the fight without Marty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first two cancer bouts — both colorectal cancer at Washington Hospital Center and pancreatic cancer at Sloan Kettering — Marty stayed with me,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/744633713\">Ginsburg told NPR’s Nina Totenberg\u003c/a> in an interview on July 23. “He stayed with me in the hospital sleeping on an uncomfortable couch despite his bad back. And I knew that someone was there who really cared about me and would make sure that things didn’t go wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='arts_13862182' hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/2019-07-23-rbg-shuang-01-4caed7196bf81612daab9a602174546fd22b9734-1020x765.jpg' target='_blank'] \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout his life, Marty, who was one of the preeminent tax lawyers in the country, was a principal booster of his wife. He played a behind-the-scenes lobbying role, for example, in her eventual appointment to the Supreme Court. He was even the principal cook for his wife and children in an era when most men took a back seat on domestic duties, and no one seemed to relish Ruth’s accomplishments more than Marty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he was always looking out for her, like that one time in the hospital when, without him there, Justice Ginsburg might have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was one day during [the] colon cancer bout when I was getting a blood transfusion, and Marty saw that something was very wrong,” Ginsburg said, “and he immediately yanked the needle out of me. It turned out that there was a mismatch not in the type of blood but in some antigen. I might not have lived it if he hadn’t been there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He encouraged her to go to a physical therapist. That famous exercise regimen of hers might not have happened were it not for Marty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I didn’t want to do it,” Ginsburg said. “I was exhausted, and Marty said, ‘You do it.’ And he was quite insistent about that. So, to have his loving care and yet his determination that I do what was necessary to heal faster, it was hard to be alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was recovering from cancer twice before, Marty would cook for her, walk with her, read to her and make her laugh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Marty had a wonderful sense of humor, as you know,” Ginsburg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg is reminded of Marty every day, especially, she said, when the newspaper arrives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was my clipping service with \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>and \u003cem>The [Washington] Post\u003c/em>,” she said. “I miss him every morning, because I have no one to go through the paper and pick out what I should read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now with him gone, Justice Ginsburg cherishes Marty’s memory. But, to get by, she has dived into her work at the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The work is really what saved me,” she said, “because I had to concentrate on reading the brief doing a draft of an opinion, and I knew that had to get done. So I had to get past whatever my aches and pains were. Just do the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Finding love is not easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg counts herself among the lucky ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She had an epic marriage to her late husband, Marty Ginsburg, that has been detailed in many places (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128249680\">here\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/money-and-power/a26292252/ruth-bader-ginsburg-martin-husband-love-story-rbg/\">here \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.biography.com/news/ruth-bader-ginsburg-husband-marty-love-story\">here\u003c/a>), including the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rbgmovie.com/\">RBG documentary.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this past year tested Ginsburg in a new way without the love of her life. She was diagnosed with cancer for the third time in 20 years late last year, and it was the first time she has had to wage the fight without Marty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first two cancer bouts — both colorectal cancer at Washington Hospital Center and pancreatic cancer at Sloan Kettering — Marty stayed with me,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/744633713\">Ginsburg told NPR’s Nina Totenberg\u003c/a> in an interview on July 23. “He stayed with me in the hospital sleeping on an uncomfortable couch despite his bad back. And I knew that someone was there who really cared about me and would make sure that things didn’t go wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The sale of the photo archive of Ebony and Jet magazines chronicling African American history is generating relief among some who worried the historic images may be lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also causing some to mourn since the images, including photos of Emmett Till in 1955 after he was killed and ones documenting the rise of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., won’t fully be in the hands an African American-owned entity. Ebony and Jet, for more than half a century, stood as the epitome of black-owned business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to do what you have to do,” Roy Douglas Malonson, publisher of the Houston-based \u003ca href=\"https://aframnews.com/\">African American News & Issues\u003c/a> newspaper, said. “But it’s sad because we lose control forever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ford Foundation, the John D. and Catherine T. McArthur Foundation, The J. Paul Getty Trust and the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation are buying the archive for $30 million as part of an auction to pay off secured creditors of Johnson Publishing Company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='arts_13854692' hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/04/Kathleen-Cleaver-shown-in-a-film-from-the-Henry-J.-Williams-Jr.-Film-Collection.-Courtesy-African-American-Museum-Library-768x573.png' target='_blank']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago-based Johnson Publishing, the owner of the archives and former publisher of the magazines, filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundations plan to donate the more than 4 million prints and negatives to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture and the Getty Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Smithsonian is expected to be the public steward of what is considered one of the most significant collections of photographs cataloging African American life. Getty will be tasked with digitally preserving the trove, some of which remains a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal was shepherded by the presidents of the Ford and Mellon foundations. The two are among the nonprofit sector’s most prominent black leaders and are themselves a rarity in the near exclusively white world of big-money philanthropy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Darren Walker and Elizabeth Alexander said the sale was important to them personally as African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it means to be in a position to be able to be helpful in safeguarding this treasure and our shared history overwhelms me with joy,” Alexander said. “It is very significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Adrienne Samuels Gibbs, a former staff of \u003cem>Ebony\u003c/em> magazine'] “It wasn’t about all poverty and suffering. It was about joy.”[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides black newspapers in cities across the nation, few media outlets dedicated resources to cover events and people connected to African American lifestyle and news as Ebony and Jet magazines. Ebony began publishing regularly just after the end of World War II while the smaller-sized Jet began in 1951 when African Americans in many regions still lived under racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adrienne Samuels Gibbs, a former Ebony magazine staffer, said Ebony and Jet dutifully captured the environment that African Americans were forced to endure over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collection of 4 million images chronicles the civil rights movement and the lives of prominent figures such as Miles Davis, Muhammad Ali, Nina Simone, and Coretta Scott King at her husband’s funeral. It was Jet in 1955 that published a photo of the open coffin of Emmett Till, showing the effects of the fatal beating the 14-year-old Chicago boy suffered at the hands of white men in Mississippi for allegedly whistling at a white woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibbs said the photos also show everyday black life — from children playing in city parks to elders praying at rural churches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t about all poverty and suffering. It was about joy,” Gibbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='arts_13862274' hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/Jet_GettyImages-450349680-1020x680.jpg' target='_blank']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivey McClelland, 57, a musician in Albuquerque, New Mexico, said Ebony and Jet were found in every black home she knew while growing up in Los Angeles. “My uncle, bless his heart, had around 30 to 40 years’ worth of Jet magazines,” she said. “He got them for ‘The Beauty of the Week’.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McClelland said the magazines remained dear to her heart for their images connected to key moments in black history. She and her grandmother were in Michigan and Canada when the Watts Riots of 1965 erupted. The first still images she saw of her community in Los Angeles damaged by fires were in Jet, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mother kept the special issues of Martin Luther King’s assassination,” McClelland said. “That’s why I hope these foundations save these archives and don’t do anything to appropriate the images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yalanda Lattimore, the host of \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/buzz-it-or-bash-it-with-dryerbuzz/id1455650111\">“Buzz it or Bash It with DryerBuzz,”\u003c/a> an Atlanta-based podcast on black issues, said she has been warning listeners and readers of her blog that the archive was in trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hurts my heart that Ebony had to sell these archives,” said Lattimore, 53. “But I’m glad foundations are involved. Foundations are the ones who help save archives connected to black history, so I’m hopeful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundations said whatever the future holds for the Ebony and Jet titles, they are thrilled to have helped secure the magazines’ legacy forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The good news here is that this archive — regardless of the future success of the Johnson publications — will be successful. This archive will be the legacy of the Johnson Publishing Company,” Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chicago-based Johnson Publishing, the owner of the archives and former publisher of the magazines, filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy protection in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundations plan to donate the more than 4 million prints and negatives to the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture and the Getty Research Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Smithsonian is expected to be the public steward of what is considered one of the most significant collections of photographs cataloging African American life. Getty will be tasked with digitally preserving the trove, some of which remains a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal was shepherded by the presidents of the Ford and Mellon foundations. The two are among the nonprofit sector’s most prominent black leaders and are themselves a rarity in the near exclusively white world of big-money philanthropy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Darren Walker and Elizabeth Alexander said the sale was important to them personally as African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it means to be in a position to be able to be helpful in safeguarding this treasure and our shared history overwhelms me with joy,” Alexander said. “It is very significant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides black newspapers in cities across the nation, few media outlets dedicated resources to cover events and people connected to African American lifestyle and news as Ebony and Jet magazines. Ebony began publishing regularly just after the end of World War II while the smaller-sized Jet began in 1951 when African Americans in many regions still lived under racial segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adrienne Samuels Gibbs, a former Ebony magazine staffer, said Ebony and Jet dutifully captured the environment that African Americans were forced to endure over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The collection of 4 million images chronicles the civil rights movement and the lives of prominent figures such as Miles Davis, Muhammad Ali, Nina Simone, and Coretta Scott King at her husband’s funeral. It was Jet in 1955 that published a photo of the open coffin of Emmett Till, showing the effects of the fatal beating the 14-year-old Chicago boy suffered at the hands of white men in Mississippi for allegedly whistling at a white woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibbs said the photos also show everyday black life — from children playing in city parks to elders praying at rural churches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It wasn’t about all poverty and suffering. It was about joy,” Gibbs said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ivey McClelland, 57, a musician in Albuquerque, New Mexico, said Ebony and Jet were found in every black home she knew while growing up in Los Angeles. “My uncle, bless his heart, had around 30 to 40 years’ worth of Jet magazines,” she said. “He got them for ‘The Beauty of the Week’.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McClelland said the magazines remained dear to her heart for their images connected to key moments in black history. She and her grandmother were in Michigan and Canada when the Watts Riots of 1965 erupted. The first still images she saw of her community in Los Angeles damaged by fires were in Jet, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mother kept the special issues of Martin Luther King’s assassination,” McClelland said. “That’s why I hope these foundations save these archives and don’t do anything to appropriate the images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yalanda Lattimore, the host of \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/buzz-it-or-bash-it-with-dryerbuzz/id1455650111\">“Buzz it or Bash It with DryerBuzz,”\u003c/a> an Atlanta-based podcast on black issues, said she has been warning listeners and readers of her blog that the archive was in trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It hurts my heart that Ebony had to sell these archives,” said Lattimore, 53. “But I’m glad foundations are involved. Foundations are the ones who help save archives connected to black history, so I’m hopeful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundations said whatever the future holds for the Ebony and Jet titles, they are thrilled to have helped secure the magazines’ legacy forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The good news here is that this archive — regardless of the future success of the Johnson publications — will be successful. This archive will be the legacy of the Johnson Publishing Company,” Walker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "Justice Ginsburg: ‘I Am Very Much Alive’ | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said in an interview Tuesday that she does not favor proposals put forth by some Democratic presidential candidates who have advocated changing the number of Supreme Court justices if the Democrats win the presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg, who got herself in trouble criticizing candidate Donald Trump in 2016, this time was critical not of any particular Democratic contender, but of their proposals to offset President Trump’s two conservative appointments to the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nine seems to be a good number. It’s been that way for a long time,” she said, adding, “I think it was a bad idea when President Franklin Roosevelt tried to pack the court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Democratic candidates have indicated an openness, if they were to win the presidency, to adding to the number of justices on the Supreme Court to reduce the power of the current conservative majority. Some would also like to enact term limits for Supreme Court justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term-limits proposal doesn’t worry Ginsburg because she sees it as unrealistic, given that the Constitution specifies life terms for federal judges and because, as she puts it, “Our Constitution is powerfully hard to amend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NPR/status/1154017100186443776\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it takes the votes of two-thirds of the Senate and the House, and three-quarters of the state legislatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, in contrast, as Ginsburg notes, there is no fixed number of justices specified by the Constitution, and the court over the course of history has had as few as five justices and as many as 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roosevelt’s proposal would have given him six additional Supreme Court appointments, expanding the court to 15 members. And Ginsburg sees any similar plan as very damaging to the court and the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anything would make the court look partisan,” she said, “it would be that — one side saying, ‘When we’re in power, we’re going to enlarge the number of judges, so we would have more people who would vote the way we want them to.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That impairs the idea of an independent judiciary, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are blessed in the way no other judiciary in the world is,” she noted. “We have life tenure. The only way to get rid of a federal judge is by impeachment. Congress can’t retaliate by reducing our salary, so the safeguards for judicial independence in this country, I think, are as great or greater than anyplace else in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the whole notion of the country’s independent judiciary hinges on public trust, she noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg on coping with her latest bout with cancer'] “The work is really what saved me.” [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The court has no troops at its command,” Ginsburg pointed out, “doesn’t have the power of the purse, and yet time and again, when the courts say something, people accept it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recalled \u003cem>Bush v. Gore\u003c/em>, the controversial case in which the Supreme Court stopped a Florida recount in the 2000 presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I dissented from that decision,” Ginsburg said. “I thought it was unwise. A lot of people disagreed with it. And yet the day after the court rendered its decision, there were no riots in the streets. People adjusted to it. And life went on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg’s interview with NPR was wide-ranging, discussing, among other things, her health. She has had three major bouts with cancer over the past 20 years. In 1999, she underwent surgery for colorectal cancer, followed by nine months of chemotherapy and radiation. In 2009, she underwent surgery for pancreatic cancer, and late last year, for lung cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outlasting the naysayers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg’s iconic status with women, in particular, and her leadership of the liberal wing of the Supreme Court mean any health news involving the tiny, 86-year-old justice can cause something of a panic in certain quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg is not oblivious to health concerns, but she waves away worries about her future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a senator, I think it was after my pancreatic cancer, who announced with great glee that I was going to be dead within six months,” she recalled. “That senator, whose name I have forgotten, is now himself dead, and I,” she added with a smile, “am very much alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, most cancer patients do worry. Some view one cancer, never mind three, as a sword of Damocles over their heads. So how does Ginsburg manage? She said she has followed the advice of the opera singer Marilyn Horne, who was asked about her pancreatic cancer diagnosis in 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And she said, ‘I will live,’ not that ‘I hope I live,’ or ‘I want to live,’ but ‘I will live.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fighting cancer is wearing and hard. How does she manage her work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The work is really what saved me,” she said, “because I had to concentrate on reading the briefs, doing a draft of an opinion, and I knew it had to get done. So I had to get past whatever my aches and pains were just to do the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Missing Marty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her lung cancer last year, however, was the first time she did not have her beloved husband, Marty, with her. He died in 2010, and she said she misses him every day, maybe especially now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her children have visited frequently to lift her spirits, but her husband, she said, always was there before, taking care of her, sleeping next to her on some uncomfortable cot or couch in the hospital, despite his bad back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He looked after her so completely that at one point, when she was getting a blood transfusion, he ripped out the IV because he noticed that one of the antigens did not match.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I might not have lived if he hadn’t been there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there were the more subtle ways that he buoyed her spirits and goaded her to do the physical therapy that she needed to get stronger again. Famous for his culinary skills, he would make meals for her. He would entertain her, reading her short stories, and he served as her news clipping service, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He would find the articles in the newspaper that would interest and amuse her. With a wistful smile, she said, “I miss him every morning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added, “I have no one to go through the papers and pick out what I should read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The late-Justice Stevens to Ginsburg: “Stay longer” than he did\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interview followed Ginsburg’s speech earlier in the day at the private funeral for Justice John Paul Stevens, who died July 16 at the age of 99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just days before, Ginsburg had been with him at a conference in Portugal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens retired from the court in 2010 at age 90, and, as the two traveled in a car together less than two weeks ago, Ginsburg told him her dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said that my dream is that I will stay at the court as long as he did,” she said. “And his immediate response was, ‘Stay longer!’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebutting the partisan label for the Supreme Court\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other members of the current Supreme Court, liberal and conservative alike, Ginsburg rebuts the notion that the court is a partisan institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it is definitely more conservative than she would like, and, yes, she has strong disagreements with some of her colleagues on some issues. But overall, she maintains that the justices are working well together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes with a grin that President Trump’s two appointees to the court — Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh — were law clerks in her early years as a justice. And she points out that this term she assigned each of them important opinions to write in cases where she was the senior justice in the majority and the chief justice was in dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No “going back to old ways”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, when the justice was asked to name her greatest accomplishments, she cited not her work on the court, but her work as a lawyer in the 1960s and ’70s, leading the legal fight for gender equality in the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether she worries that the current conservative court majority will retrench on questions of gender equality, she replied, “I don’t think there’s going to be any going back to old ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she noted that the late Justice Byron White, who was one of the two dissenters in \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, the landmark case that made abortion legal in the United States, voted on her side in all the gender parity cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world has changed really in what women are doing,” she said, and there’s no going back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does she have any regrets? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regrets? she asked, in amazement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think I was born under a very bright star,” she said. “I get out of law schools with top grades; no law firm in the city of New York will hire me; I end up with a teaching job and time to devote to evening out the rights of women and men.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on and on, Ginsburg thinks she has led a very lucky life.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s note: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>The author interviewed Ginsburg in connection with a speech she will be giving before the American College of Surgeons. At that event, Ginsburg’s surgeon will be sworn in as the organization’s new president.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg said in an interview Tuesday that she does not favor proposals put forth by some Democratic presidential candidates who have advocated changing the number of Supreme Court justices if the Democrats win the presidency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg, who got herself in trouble criticizing candidate Donald Trump in 2016, this time was critical not of any particular Democratic contender, but of their proposals to offset President Trump’s two conservative appointments to the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nine seems to be a good number. It’s been that way for a long time,” she said, adding, “I think it was a bad idea when President Franklin Roosevelt tried to pack the court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several Democratic candidates have indicated an openness, if they were to win the presidency, to adding to the number of justices on the Supreme Court to reduce the power of the current conservative majority. Some would also like to enact term limits for Supreme Court justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term-limits proposal doesn’t worry Ginsburg because she sees it as unrealistic, given that the Constitution specifies life terms for federal judges and because, as she puts it, “Our Constitution is powerfully hard to amend.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it takes the votes of two-thirds of the Senate and the House, and three-quarters of the state legislatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, in contrast, as Ginsburg notes, there is no fixed number of justices specified by the Constitution, and the court over the course of history has had as few as five justices and as many as 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roosevelt’s proposal would have given him six additional Supreme Court appointments, expanding the court to 15 members. And Ginsburg sees any similar plan as very damaging to the court and the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anything would make the court look partisan,” she said, “it would be that — one side saying, ‘When we’re in power, we’re going to enlarge the number of judges, so we would have more people who would vote the way we want them to.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That impairs the idea of an independent judiciary, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are blessed in the way no other judiciary in the world is,” she noted. “We have life tenure. The only way to get rid of a federal judge is by impeachment. Congress can’t retaliate by reducing our salary, so the safeguards for judicial independence in this country, I think, are as great or greater than anyplace else in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the whole notion of the country’s independent judiciary hinges on public trust, she noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The court has no troops at its command,” Ginsburg pointed out, “doesn’t have the power of the purse, and yet time and again, when the courts say something, people accept it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She recalled \u003cem>Bush v. Gore\u003c/em>, the controversial case in which the Supreme Court stopped a Florida recount in the 2000 presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I dissented from that decision,” Ginsburg said. “I thought it was unwise. A lot of people disagreed with it. And yet the day after the court rendered its decision, there were no riots in the streets. People adjusted to it. And life went on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg’s interview with NPR was wide-ranging, discussing, among other things, her health. She has had three major bouts with cancer over the past 20 years. In 1999, she underwent surgery for colorectal cancer, followed by nine months of chemotherapy and radiation. In 2009, she underwent surgery for pancreatic cancer, and late last year, for lung cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outlasting the naysayers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg’s iconic status with women, in particular, and her leadership of the liberal wing of the Supreme Court mean any health news involving the tiny, 86-year-old justice can cause something of a panic in certain quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ginsburg is not oblivious to health concerns, but she waves away worries about her future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a senator, I think it was after my pancreatic cancer, who announced with great glee that I was going to be dead within six months,” she recalled. “That senator, whose name I have forgotten, is now himself dead, and I,” she added with a smile, “am very much alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, most cancer patients do worry. Some view one cancer, never mind three, as a sword of Damocles over their heads. So how does Ginsburg manage? She said she has followed the advice of the opera singer Marilyn Horne, who was asked about her pancreatic cancer diagnosis in 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And she said, ‘I will live,’ not that ‘I hope I live,’ or ‘I want to live,’ but ‘I will live.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fighting cancer is wearing and hard. How does she manage her work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The work is really what saved me,” she said, “because I had to concentrate on reading the briefs, doing a draft of an opinion, and I knew it had to get done. So I had to get past whatever my aches and pains were just to do the job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Missing Marty\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her lung cancer last year, however, was the first time she did not have her beloved husband, Marty, with her. He died in 2010, and she said she misses him every day, maybe especially now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her children have visited frequently to lift her spirits, but her husband, she said, always was there before, taking care of her, sleeping next to her on some uncomfortable cot or couch in the hospital, despite his bad back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He looked after her so completely that at one point, when she was getting a blood transfusion, he ripped out the IV because he noticed that one of the antigens did not match.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I might not have lived if he hadn’t been there,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there were the more subtle ways that he buoyed her spirits and goaded her to do the physical therapy that she needed to get stronger again. Famous for his culinary skills, he would make meals for her. He would entertain her, reading her short stories, and he served as her news clipping service, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He would find the articles in the newspaper that would interest and amuse her. With a wistful smile, she said, “I miss him every morning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She added, “I have no one to go through the papers and pick out what I should read.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The late-Justice Stevens to Ginsburg: “Stay longer” than he did\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interview followed Ginsburg’s speech earlier in the day at the private funeral for Justice John Paul Stevens, who died July 16 at the age of 99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just days before, Ginsburg had been with him at a conference in Portugal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens retired from the court in 2010 at age 90, and, as the two traveled in a car together less than two weeks ago, Ginsburg told him her dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said that my dream is that I will stay at the court as long as he did,” she said. “And his immediate response was, ‘Stay longer!’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rebutting the partisan label for the Supreme Court\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other members of the current Supreme Court, liberal and conservative alike, Ginsburg rebuts the notion that the court is a partisan institution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it is definitely more conservative than she would like, and, yes, she has strong disagreements with some of her colleagues on some issues. But overall, she maintains that the justices are working well together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She notes with a grin that President Trump’s two appointees to the court — Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh — were law clerks in her early years as a justice. And she points out that this term she assigned each of them important opinions to write in cases where she was the senior justice in the majority and the chief justice was in dissent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No “going back to old ways”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, when the justice was asked to name her greatest accomplishments, she cited not her work on the court, but her work as a lawyer in the 1960s and ’70s, leading the legal fight for gender equality in the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked whether she worries that the current conservative court majority will retrench on questions of gender equality, she replied, “I don’t think there’s going to be any going back to old ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she noted that the late Justice Byron White, who was one of the two dissenters in \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>, the landmark case that made abortion legal in the United States, voted on her side in all the gender parity cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world has changed really in what women are doing,” she said, and there’s no going back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does she have any regrets? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regrets? she asked, in amazement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do think I was born under a very bright star,” she said. “I get out of law schools with top grades; no law firm in the city of New York will hire me; I end up with a teaching job and time to devote to evening out the rights of women and men.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And on and on, Ginsburg thinks she has led a very lucky life.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s note: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>The author interviewed Ginsburg in connection with a speech she will be giving before the American College of Surgeons. At that event, Ginsburg’s surgeon will be sworn in as the organization’s new president.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861576\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13861576\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/theycalledusenemy-cover-800x1158.jpeg\" alt=\"'They Called Us Enemy' by George Takei, Justin Eisinger, Steven Scott and Harmony Becker.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1158\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘They Called Us Enemy’\u003cbr>by George Takei, Justin Eisinger, Steven Scott and Harmony Becker.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Shame is a cruel thing,” writes George Takei in \u003cem>They Called Us Enemy\u003c/em>, his new graphic novel about his childhood years in an American concentration camp during World War II. “It should rest on the perpetrators, but they don’t carry it the way the victims do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This irony becomes most evident at the conclusion of Takei’s book, where he depicts the U.S. government’s tardy attempts to establish a sense of collective shame about America’s wartime internment of Japanese Americans. “Here we admit a wrong: Here we reaffirm our commitment as a nation to equal justice under law,” President Reagan is shown saying in 1988. But no matter how polished his words — or how many zeros on the restitution check Takei receives in 1991 — such attempts at official remorse ring hollow. What the government did to Takei and some 120,000 other Japanese Americans can’t be undone, no matter how many speeches public officials deliver or how many checks they send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very structure of Takei’s narrative underlines this fact more than a political speech ever could. It’s young George’s point of view that shapes the story, imbuing it with childlike energy. Even as the Takeis are wrenched from their home, transported hundreds of miles and forced to live in camps, young George’s openness and curiosity are unflagging. His outlook provides a striking contrast to government officials’ stale attempts to explain, excuse and ultimately seek forgiveness for the evil they’ve done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861572\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861572\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei3_custom.jpg\" alt=\"An image from 'They Called Us Enemy.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei3_custom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei3_custom-160x49.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei3_custom-768x237.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from ‘They Called Us Enemy.’ \u003ccite>(Top Shelf Productions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, despite the grimness of its subject matter, \u003cem>They Called Us Enemy\u003c/em> is a lively, vibrant book. After years spent acting on stage and screen (he’s best known for his role as \u003cem>Star Trek\u003c/em>‘s Lieutenant Sulu), Takei has clearly learned a lot about shaping and directing his audience’s emotions. He’s helped by his co-writers, Justin Eisinger and Steven Scott, and artist Harmony Becker. It’s a shame Becker’s artwork isn’t in color, but she provides a master class on what one can do in a black-and-white format. By incorporating textures ranging from fine hatching to Ben Day dots, she demonstrates how digitally created drawings can have all the dimensionality of work drafted on paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becker also helps dramatize the contrast between George’s and his parents’ experiences of their ordeal. It’s spring of 1942 when Takei’s family is first taken from their Los Angeles home. Allowed to keep only what they can carry, Takei’s parents must sell off their belongings for next to nothing. At one point they’re forced to sleep in horses’ stalls, but George views this as an adventure: “We get to sleep where the horses slept! Fun!” For his parents, of course, it’s no such thing. “It was a devastating blow,” Takei writes. “They had worked so hard to buy a two-bedroom house and raise a family… Now we were crammed into a single, smelly horse stall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the first of numerous occasions when young George’s innocence protects him. When everyone is forced to wear tags — “to keep track of us, like cattle” — he thinks it’s just another train ticket. “I saw people crying and couldn’t understand why,” he remembers. At one camp, another boy tells him the barbed wire is there to keep dinosaurs out. For Takei’s parents, meanwhile, it’s a constant struggle to maintain a sense of order and humanity. Takei’s father helps other families settle in and serves as a translator and mediator, while Takei’s mother sews clothes and makes curtains and rugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861573\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861573\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei4_custom.jpg\" alt=\"An image from 'They Called Us Enemy,' by George Takei. \" width=\"800\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei4_custom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei4_custom-160x49.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei4_custom-768x236.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from ‘They Called Us Enemy,’ by George Takei. \u003ccite>(Top Shelf Productions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family’s ordeal doesn’t end in the camps. Once the Takeis are allowed to return to Los Angeles in 1945, they have to live on the street. Enrolled in public school, George endures discrimination from a racist teacher and begins to feel the shame his parents felt. “I was old enough by then to understand that camp was something like jail, but could not fully grasp what we had done to be sent there,” he remembers. As he grows up and becomes an actor, he fights a two-pronged battle: to overcome shame and to reconcile his experiences with America’s stated ideals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a struggle that can probably only be fully understood by a survivor of internment — and probably not by politicians seeking exculpation for acts of bureaucratic evil. But Takei hopes some of those politicians will try. He concludes \u003cem>They Called Us Enemy \u003c/em>with a critique of our current government’s policies treating certain people as “Enemy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takei closes with a quote from President Obama saying, in part, that “history … must be a manual for how to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past.” It may be too late to undo what was done to Japanese Americans almost 70 years ago, but Takei suggests it’s not too late to learn from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Etelka Lehoczky has written about books for\u003c/em> The Atlantic, The Los Angeles Review of Books \u003cem>and\u003c/em> The New York Times. \u003cem>She tweets at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__twitter.com_EtelkaL&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=eDR3RhrQF9JBI8Rzx0SRPw&m=vR6dskFG6Pki76w8marL327xnaWSpIVAqnkFp2Pm3ak&s=Mdo8__hjawldjbQthelAboNsxAd-9SFUx24643NrlUM&e=\">@EtelkaL\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861576\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-13861576\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/theycalledusenemy-cover-800x1158.jpeg\" alt=\"'They Called Us Enemy' by George Takei, Justin Eisinger, Steven Scott and Harmony Becker.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1158\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘They Called Us Enemy’\u003cbr>by George Takei, Justin Eisinger, Steven Scott and Harmony Becker.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Shame is a cruel thing,” writes George Takei in \u003cem>They Called Us Enemy\u003c/em>, his new graphic novel about his childhood years in an American concentration camp during World War II. “It should rest on the perpetrators, but they don’t carry it the way the victims do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This irony becomes most evident at the conclusion of Takei’s book, where he depicts the U.S. government’s tardy attempts to establish a sense of collective shame about America’s wartime internment of Japanese Americans. “Here we admit a wrong: Here we reaffirm our commitment as a nation to equal justice under law,” President Reagan is shown saying in 1988. But no matter how polished his words — or how many zeros on the restitution check Takei receives in 1991 — such attempts at official remorse ring hollow. What the government did to Takei and some 120,000 other Japanese Americans can’t be undone, no matter how many speeches public officials deliver or how many checks they send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very structure of Takei’s narrative underlines this fact more than a political speech ever could. It’s young George’s point of view that shapes the story, imbuing it with childlike energy. Even as the Takeis are wrenched from their home, transported hundreds of miles and forced to live in camps, young George’s openness and curiosity are unflagging. His outlook provides a striking contrast to government officials’ stale attempts to explain, excuse and ultimately seek forgiveness for the evil they’ve done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861572\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861572\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei3_custom.jpg\" alt=\"An image from 'They Called Us Enemy.'\" width=\"800\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei3_custom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei3_custom-160x49.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei3_custom-768x237.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from ‘They Called Us Enemy.’ \u003ccite>(Top Shelf Productions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, despite the grimness of its subject matter, \u003cem>They Called Us Enemy\u003c/em> is a lively, vibrant book. After years spent acting on stage and screen (he’s best known for his role as \u003cem>Star Trek\u003c/em>‘s Lieutenant Sulu), Takei has clearly learned a lot about shaping and directing his audience’s emotions. He’s helped by his co-writers, Justin Eisinger and Steven Scott, and artist Harmony Becker. It’s a shame Becker’s artwork isn’t in color, but she provides a master class on what one can do in a black-and-white format. By incorporating textures ranging from fine hatching to Ben Day dots, she demonstrates how digitally created drawings can have all the dimensionality of work drafted on paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becker also helps dramatize the contrast between George’s and his parents’ experiences of their ordeal. It’s spring of 1942 when Takei’s family is first taken from their Los Angeles home. Allowed to keep only what they can carry, Takei’s parents must sell off their belongings for next to nothing. At one point they’re forced to sleep in horses’ stalls, but George views this as an adventure: “We get to sleep where the horses slept! Fun!” For his parents, of course, it’s no such thing. “It was a devastating blow,” Takei writes. “They had worked so hard to buy a two-bedroom house and raise a family… Now we were crammed into a single, smelly horse stall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the first of numerous occasions when young George’s innocence protects him. When everyone is forced to wear tags — “to keep track of us, like cattle” — he thinks it’s just another train ticket. “I saw people crying and couldn’t understand why,” he remembers. At one camp, another boy tells him the barbed wire is there to keep dinosaurs out. For Takei’s parents, meanwhile, it’s a constant struggle to maintain a sense of order and humanity. Takei’s father helps other families settle in and serves as a translator and mediator, while Takei’s mother sews clothes and makes curtains and rugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861573\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861573\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei4_custom.jpg\" alt=\"An image from 'They Called Us Enemy,' by George Takei. \" width=\"800\" height=\"246\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei4_custom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei4_custom-160x49.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/takei4_custom-768x236.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from ‘They Called Us Enemy,’ by George Takei. \u003ccite>(Top Shelf Productions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family’s ordeal doesn’t end in the camps. Once the Takeis are allowed to return to Los Angeles in 1945, they have to live on the street. Enrolled in public school, George endures discrimination from a racist teacher and begins to feel the shame his parents felt. “I was old enough by then to understand that camp was something like jail, but could not fully grasp what we had done to be sent there,” he remembers. As he grows up and becomes an actor, he fights a two-pronged battle: to overcome shame and to reconcile his experiences with America’s stated ideals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a struggle that can probably only be fully understood by a survivor of internment — and probably not by politicians seeking exculpation for acts of bureaucratic evil. But Takei hopes some of those politicians will try. He concludes \u003cem>They Called Us Enemy \u003c/em>with a critique of our current government’s policies treating certain people as “Enemy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Takei closes with a quote from President Obama saying, in part, that “history … must be a manual for how to avoid repeating the mistakes of the past.” It may be too late to undo what was done to Japanese Americans almost 70 years ago, but Takei suggests it’s not too late to learn from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Etelka Lehoczky has written about books for\u003c/em> The Atlantic, The Los Angeles Review of Books \u003cem>and\u003c/em> The New York Times. \u003cem>She tweets at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://urldefense.proofpoint.com/v2/url?u=https-3A__twitter.com_EtelkaL&d=DwMFaQ&c=E2nBno7hEddFhl23N5nD1Q&r=eDR3RhrQF9JBI8Rzx0SRPw&m=vR6dskFG6Pki76w8marL327xnaWSpIVAqnkFp2Pm3ak&s=Mdo8__hjawldjbQthelAboNsxAd-9SFUx24643NrlUM&e=\">@EtelkaL\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "'Go Back Where You Came From': The Long Rhetorical Roots Of Trump's Racist Tweets",
"headTitle": "‘Go Back Where You Came From’: The Long Rhetorical Roots Of Trump’s Racist Tweets | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861530\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 714px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861530\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/YouCanComeBack.jpg\" alt='\"You can go back to wherever you came from\" Editorial cartoon drawing shows \"L.B.J.\" standing on the back of a truck with another man labeled \"89th Congress\" who wields a hand truck for the removal of \"Immigration Snobbery\" from the Statue of Liberty.' width=\"714\" height=\"809\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/YouCanComeBack.jpg 714w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/YouCanComeBack-160x181.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Editorial cartoon drawing shows “L.B.J.” standing on the back of a truck with another man labeled “89th Congress” who wields a hand truck for the removal of “Immigration Snobbery” from the Statue of Liberty. \u003ccite>(Herbert Block, 1965 / Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/14/741630889/congresswomen-denounce-trump-tweets-telling-them-to-go-back-to-their-home-countr\">tweeted his racist remarks\u003c/a> Sunday, asking why certain Democratic congresswomen don’t just “go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came,” he did not just take aim at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/15/741771445/trump-continues-twitter-assault-on-4-minority-congresswomen\">four women of color\u003c/a> — three of whom were born in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did so using a taunt that has long, deeply entrenched roots in American history: Why don’t you just go back where you came from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question doesn’t always appear in those precise words, nor does it always surface in the same situations. And it doesn’t always get directed at the same groups of people — far from it, in fact. But more often than not, it conveys the same sentiment: You — and others like you — are not welcome here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been different phrases that have been used,” says \u003ca href=\"https://gspm.gwu.edu/dr-michael-cornfield\">Michael Cornfield\u003c/a>, a scholar of rhetoric at \u003ca href=\"https://gspm.gwu.edu/\">George Washington University\u003c/a>, “but the idea that we don’t have any more room for people, or those people don’t look like us, this is a long, ugly strain in American history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uh.edu/class/english/people/faculty/wingard/\">Jennifer Wingard\u003c/a>, a University of Houston professor who has looked at rhetoric and immigrant communities, traces this sentiment at least to 1798, when the U.S. passed a series of laws — together known as the the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ushistory.org/us/19e.asp\">Alien and Sedition Acts\u003c/a> — that were aimed at making citizenship more difficult for immigrants and deportation easier for U.S. authorities to carry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The legislation is actually constructed for the ability to remove immigrants who are saying things against the U.S. government,” she says, explaining that these laws were passed in a tumultuous political climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were starting to see different political parties and different politicians arguing for different ways that the government should be run. And it just happened that politically, they could try to maintain and try to withhold the status quo by putting it on the backs of immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those laws established a pattern, she says, that would resurface with new waves of immigration and new perceived threats — from the Great Famine in Ireland and the Spanish-American War to the Great Depression and the attacks on Sept. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861531\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861531\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc1_custom-1326a615b4a7e8dc6bd2d95e37044709ae1a8755-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"This cartoon, published around 1855, reflects the pervasive anti-Catholic sentiment of the era — perhaps best epitomized by the rise of the Know-Nothings, a nativist political party. Catholics, led by the pope, are depicted as an invading force of foreigners, rebuffed by a man dressed like Uncle Sam, who likens them to the anti-Christ.\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc1_custom-1326a615b4a7e8dc6bd2d95e37044709ae1a8755-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc1_custom-1326a615b4a7e8dc6bd2d95e37044709ae1a8755-s800-c85-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc1_custom-1326a615b4a7e8dc6bd2d95e37044709ae1a8755-s800-c85-768x586.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This cartoon, published around 1855, reflects the pervasive anti-Catholic sentiment of the era — perhaps best epitomized by the rise of the Know-Nothings, a nativist political party. Catholics, led by the pope, are depicted as an invading force of foreigners, rebuffed by a man dressed like Uncle Sam, who likens them to the anti-Christ. \u003ccite>(Nathaniel Currier/Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Every wave of immigration that gets in sees the next wave as the threat. That is the wave that is now going to take the jobs, that is now going to take things away,” Wingard says. “The latest flow in is always the one that seems the most threatening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/akraut.cfm\">Alan Kraut\u003c/a>, a scholar at American University who is writing a history of anti-immigrant feeling in the U.S., says he saw this kind of thing play out firsthand when he was a child growing up in the Bronx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When kids had a fight in the street and the kids were from different ethnic groups, one kid would often say to the other: ‘You and your parents go back where you came from,’ ” Kraut recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, it could mean Brooklyn. But it could also mean go back where you came from — you know, Russian Jews who came to the United States, southern Italians who came to the United States, Puerto Ricans newly arrived,” he continues. “So when this came out of the mouth of this president who’s from Queens, it sounded almost like a child saying that in my memory on the streets of New York.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process renews often, Wingard says, and she says the sentiment remains steady even if the names of the targeted groups change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861529\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc3_custom-cbfc43c027ddf4c9fce82d11e16a49e788e1f11e-s800-c85.jpg\" alt='A cartoon, published in 1891, titled \"Where the Blame Lies.\" shows a man gesturing toward a crowd of immigrants — including the \"German socialist,\" \"Italian brigand\" and \"English convict.\" The gesturing man tells a sagging Uncle Sam: \"If Immigration was properly Restricted you would no longer be troubled with Anarchy, Socialism, the Mafia and such kindred evils!\"' width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc3_custom-cbfc43c027ddf4c9fce82d11e16a49e788e1f11e-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc3_custom-cbfc43c027ddf4c9fce82d11e16a49e788e1f11e-s800-c85-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc3_custom-cbfc43c027ddf4c9fce82d11e16a49e788e1f11e-s800-c85-768x499.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cartoon, published in 1891, titled “Where the Blame Lies.” shows a man gesturing toward a crowd of immigrants — including the “German socialist,” “Italian brigand” and “English convict.” The gesturing man tells a sagging Uncle Sam: “If Immigration was properly Restricted you would no longer be troubled with Anarchy, Socialism, the Mafia and such kindred evils!” \u003ccite>(Sackett & Wilhelms Litho. Co./Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a fancy theoretical term — it’s called a palimpsest,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.uh.edu/class/english/people/faculty/wingard/\">Jennifer Wingard\u003c/a>, a rhetoric scholar at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uh.edu/\">University of Houston\u003c/a>. A palimpsest, she explains, is a text that has been erased and overwritten — but that nevertheless continues to bear many of the markings and meanings largely concealed beneath the new writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They carry these sentiments that we have seen over centuries, but then they get repurposed for the current moment — and a phrase like that [racist taunt] becomes almost like a shorthand for anti-immigrant sentiment,” Wingard says. “You know, ‘go back where you came from’ is the same as ‘go back to your own country’ is the same as ‘you are not allowed here’ is the same as ‘no immigrants allowed.’ Yet it carries all of this historical shorthand with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornfield says it’s partly the statement’s variability that makes it so powerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It plays to the fear that somehow America is getting too full or that the mixing of ethnicities and races would somehow aggravate issues,” he says. “It’s a potent phrase and part of its potency is its ambiguity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s simplicity, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you use a phrase like this, you’re just asking people to forget about context and forget about policy choices,” he adds, “and just get angry at people who don’t look or sound like you do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "When the president told several new congresswomen of color to \"go back\" to where they came from, he borrowed nativist language about as old as the country itself. Here's a little history.",
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"description": "When the president told several new congresswomen of color to "go back" to where they came from, he borrowed nativist language about as old as the country itself. Here's a little history.",
"title": "'Go Back Where You Came From': The Long Rhetorical Roots Of Trump's Racist Tweets | KQED",
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"headline": "'Go Back Where You Came From': The Long Rhetorical Roots Of Trump's Racist Tweets",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861530\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 714px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861530\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/YouCanComeBack.jpg\" alt='\"You can go back to wherever you came from\" Editorial cartoon drawing shows \"L.B.J.\" standing on the back of a truck with another man labeled \"89th Congress\" who wields a hand truck for the removal of \"Immigration Snobbery\" from the Statue of Liberty.' width=\"714\" height=\"809\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/YouCanComeBack.jpg 714w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/YouCanComeBack-160x181.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 714px) 100vw, 714px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Editorial cartoon drawing shows “L.B.J.” standing on the back of a truck with another man labeled “89th Congress” who wields a hand truck for the removal of “Immigration Snobbery” from the Statue of Liberty. \u003ccite>(Herbert Block, 1965 / Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/14/741630889/congresswomen-denounce-trump-tweets-telling-them-to-go-back-to-their-home-countr\">tweeted his racist remarks\u003c/a> Sunday, asking why certain Democratic congresswomen don’t just “go back and help fix the totally broken and crime infested places from which they came,” he did not just take aim at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/07/15/741771445/trump-continues-twitter-assault-on-4-minority-congresswomen\">four women of color\u003c/a> — three of whom were born in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did so using a taunt that has long, deeply entrenched roots in American history: Why don’t you just go back where you came from?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question doesn’t always appear in those precise words, nor does it always surface in the same situations. And it doesn’t always get directed at the same groups of people — far from it, in fact. But more often than not, it conveys the same sentiment: You — and others like you — are not welcome here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There have been different phrases that have been used,” says \u003ca href=\"https://gspm.gwu.edu/dr-michael-cornfield\">Michael Cornfield\u003c/a>, a scholar of rhetoric at \u003ca href=\"https://gspm.gwu.edu/\">George Washington University\u003c/a>, “but the idea that we don’t have any more room for people, or those people don’t look like us, this is a long, ugly strain in American history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uh.edu/class/english/people/faculty/wingard/\">Jennifer Wingard\u003c/a>, a University of Houston professor who has looked at rhetoric and immigrant communities, traces this sentiment at least to 1798, when the U.S. passed a series of laws — together known as the the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ushistory.org/us/19e.asp\">Alien and Sedition Acts\u003c/a> — that were aimed at making citizenship more difficult for immigrants and deportation easier for U.S. authorities to carry out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The legislation is actually constructed for the ability to remove immigrants who are saying things against the U.S. government,” she says, explaining that these laws were passed in a tumultuous political climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were starting to see different political parties and different politicians arguing for different ways that the government should be run. And it just happened that politically, they could try to maintain and try to withhold the status quo by putting it on the backs of immigrants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those laws established a pattern, she says, that would resurface with new waves of immigration and new perceived threats — from the Great Famine in Ireland and the Spanish-American War to the Great Depression and the attacks on Sept. 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861531\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861531\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc1_custom-1326a615b4a7e8dc6bd2d95e37044709ae1a8755-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"This cartoon, published around 1855, reflects the pervasive anti-Catholic sentiment of the era — perhaps best epitomized by the rise of the Know-Nothings, a nativist political party. Catholics, led by the pope, are depicted as an invading force of foreigners, rebuffed by a man dressed like Uncle Sam, who likens them to the anti-Christ.\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc1_custom-1326a615b4a7e8dc6bd2d95e37044709ae1a8755-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc1_custom-1326a615b4a7e8dc6bd2d95e37044709ae1a8755-s800-c85-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc1_custom-1326a615b4a7e8dc6bd2d95e37044709ae1a8755-s800-c85-768x586.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This cartoon, published around 1855, reflects the pervasive anti-Catholic sentiment of the era — perhaps best epitomized by the rise of the Know-Nothings, a nativist political party. Catholics, led by the pope, are depicted as an invading force of foreigners, rebuffed by a man dressed like Uncle Sam, who likens them to the anti-Christ. \u003ccite>(Nathaniel Currier/Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Every wave of immigration that gets in sees the next wave as the threat. That is the wave that is now going to take the jobs, that is now going to take things away,” Wingard says. “The latest flow in is always the one that seems the most threatening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.american.edu/cas/faculty/akraut.cfm\">Alan Kraut\u003c/a>, a scholar at American University who is writing a history of anti-immigrant feeling in the U.S., says he saw this kind of thing play out firsthand when he was a child growing up in the Bronx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When kids had a fight in the street and the kids were from different ethnic groups, one kid would often say to the other: ‘You and your parents go back where you came from,’ ” Kraut recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, it could mean Brooklyn. But it could also mean go back where you came from — you know, Russian Jews who came to the United States, southern Italians who came to the United States, Puerto Ricans newly arrived,” he continues. “So when this came out of the mouth of this president who’s from Queens, it sounded almost like a child saying that in my memory on the streets of New York.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process renews often, Wingard says, and she says the sentiment remains steady even if the names of the targeted groups change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13861529\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13861529\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc3_custom-cbfc43c027ddf4c9fce82d11e16a49e788e1f11e-s800-c85.jpg\" alt='A cartoon, published in 1891, titled \"Where the Blame Lies.\" shows a man gesturing toward a crowd of immigrants — including the \"German socialist,\" \"Italian brigand\" and \"English convict.\" The gesturing man tells a sagging Uncle Sam: \"If Immigration was properly Restricted you would no longer be troubled with Anarchy, Socialism, the Mafia and such kindred evils!\"' width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc3_custom-cbfc43c027ddf4c9fce82d11e16a49e788e1f11e-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc3_custom-cbfc43c027ddf4c9fce82d11e16a49e788e1f11e-s800-c85-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2019/07/loc3_custom-cbfc43c027ddf4c9fce82d11e16a49e788e1f11e-s800-c85-768x499.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A cartoon, published in 1891, titled “Where the Blame Lies.” shows a man gesturing toward a crowd of immigrants — including the “German socialist,” “Italian brigand” and “English convict.” The gesturing man tells a sagging Uncle Sam: “If Immigration was properly Restricted you would no longer be troubled with Anarchy, Socialism, the Mafia and such kindred evils!” \u003ccite>(Sackett & Wilhelms Litho. Co./Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a fancy theoretical term — it’s called a palimpsest,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.uh.edu/class/english/people/faculty/wingard/\">Jennifer Wingard\u003c/a>, a rhetoric scholar at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uh.edu/\">University of Houston\u003c/a>. A palimpsest, she explains, is a text that has been erased and overwritten — but that nevertheless continues to bear many of the markings and meanings largely concealed beneath the new writing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They carry these sentiments that we have seen over centuries, but then they get repurposed for the current moment — and a phrase like that [racist taunt] becomes almost like a shorthand for anti-immigrant sentiment,” Wingard says. “You know, ‘go back where you came from’ is the same as ‘go back to your own country’ is the same as ‘you are not allowed here’ is the same as ‘no immigrants allowed.’ Yet it carries all of this historical shorthand with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornfield says it’s partly the statement’s variability that makes it so powerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It plays to the fear that somehow America is getting too full or that the mixing of ethnicities and races would somehow aggravate issues,” he says. “It’s a potent phrase and part of its potency is its ambiguity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s simplicity, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you use a phrase like this, you’re just asking people to forget about context and forget about policy choices,” he adds, “and just get angry at people who don’t look or sound like you do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the 1990s, Indian Country (as we called it) was a very different place for Native Americans. Our rural communities were isolated, with communication limited to landlines and the mail. Cigarette and beer companies frequently sponsored our powwows, recycling was unheard of, and the entire Native scene portrayed itself as very straight. Not straight-\u003cem>laced\u003c/em>, per se, but really hetero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term “Two Spirit” for LGBTQ+ Native Americans didn’t exist yet, at least not outside Ojibwe Territory. As for the concept—let’s just say that there were plenty of MCs making \u003cem>winkte\u003c/em> (gay) jokes at the powwows I attended in the early ’90s. Still, in spite of prejudice, it was common knowledge that in “the old days,” most of our Nations accepted and honored gender fluidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall one of my elders sharing about a man from home who was \u003cem>that way\u003c/em>. “I don’t like it,” I remember her telling me as she braided me up for one of our dances, “but we love N. and so—not my way, mind you.” I don’t recall the rest of the conversation, but I understood her comments to mean that \u003cem>winkte\u003c/em> was not OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward a couple of decades, and \u003cem>wow\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did the Native-American population skyrocket in North America, but we’ve gone through a major shift in how Two Spirits are recognized and treated. Today, dozens of Two Spirit organizations exist across the United States and Canada (North Valley Two Spirits, represent!). We have several of our own powwows, 501c3s and models that help sustain and preserve the Two Spirit way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a sense of where we are today, let’s take a look back at some of the original Two-Spirit heroes who helped light the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Please know that gender and pronouns can be fluid in Native America, so this article uses the gender-neutral pronoun “they,” plus male and female pronouns.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13845341\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 446px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13845341\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits.jpg\" alt=\"Osh Tisch and their spouse. \" width=\"446\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits.jpg 446w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits-160x226.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits-240x340.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits-375x531.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osh Tisch and their spouse. \u003ccite>(John H. Fouch Retrieve from Montana: The Magazine of Western History Vol. 44, No. 2 (Spring, 1994), pp. 2-17 (JSTOR))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Osh-Tisch (Apsáalooke or Crow)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Osh-Tisch was a keeper of the Badé tradition—a male-bodied person in the Crow community who lived their daily life in a feminine role. Earning their name “Finds Them And Kills Them” in a fight against the Lakota, Osh-Tisch was a revered member of the tribe who had a lodge, a family and was considered a leader among the Badé. By the 1880s, missionaries began the process of attempting to “whitemanize” the Crow. Obsessed with “The Code of Religious Offenses,” a moral directive that forbade non-Christian spiritual practices, they began persecuting Natives over their dating and marriage traditions, which were often in opposition to the Christian European standard of lifelong heterosexual monogamy. Throughout the 1920s, tribal members who refused to abandon their traditions were penalized or imprisoned and their families’ treaty rations were cut or denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t long before Osh-Tisch and other Two Spirits became a target of the code and were imprisoned. But the Crow chiefs and warriors spoke out in support of Two Spirit values. They pushed hard against U.S. federal agents, ultimately gaining the Badés\u003cem>’\u003c/em> release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13845343\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13845343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/WeWha_TwoSpirit.gif\" alt=\"We'wha. \" width=\"377\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">We’wha. \u003ccite>(: John K. Hillers, Image Courtesy of: Smithsonian Institute. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>We’wha (Zuni)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A Lhamana (Zuni Two Spirit) from the area that is now New Mexico, We’wha was born a male-bodied person who wore a mix of women’s and men’s clothing. They performed tasks that were typically divided by gender roles, distinguished as both a weaver and potter as well as a hunter and spiritual leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’wha spoke English and struck up friendships with white outsiders, including the anthropologist Matilda Coxe Stevenson. They even traveled to Washington, D.C. in 1886 and met President Grover Cleveland. Largely perceived as a cisgender woman, We’wha became the toast of the town on this trip and gained a degree of national celebrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things didn’t go as well for the Zuni tribe, however. Similar to the experiences of the Crow, Christian missionaries arrived at Zuni (modern-day New Mexico and Arizona) in 1877, intent on converting the community. The Lhamana were imprisoned and the Zuni fought for their eventual release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After getting out of prison, We’wha walked 40 miles back to the reservation and returned to their former life: leading ceremonies, making pottery, weaving with the women and hunting with the men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13845344\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13845344\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Hastiin_TwoSpirits.jpg\" alt=\"Hastiin Klah.\" width=\"377\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Hastiin_TwoSpirits.jpg 377w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Hastiin_TwoSpirits-160x196.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hastiin Klah. \u003ccite>(T. Harmon Parkhurst, Image Courtesy of Palace of the Governors Photo Archives, New Mexico History Museum, Santa Fe.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Hastiin Klah (Diné)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hastiin Klah was a master sand painter, chanter, weaver and healer. There are four genders in Diné tradition and Klah was considered a Nádleehi (or “one who changes”)—an individual who exhibits the characteristics ascribed to the opposite sex. According to historical sources, Klah is believed to have been intersex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in 1867, Klah represented the Bear Mountain area (now Fort Wingate, New Mexico) and was considered exceptional in a multitude of areas. As a youth, Klah had a gift for traditional chants, which often take days to correctly recite. He learned weaving from his mother and sister, and traveled across the U.S. to showcase these skills at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klah single-handedly saved the Navajo weaving tradition in the face of religious persecution. In 1921, he met heiress Mary Cabot Wheelwright and the two became close friends. Together, they formed the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian in Santa Fe. Klah was integral in the museum’s design, implementation and curation; he even blessed its grounds. He passed away before the museum opened in 1937.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13845345\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13845345\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Lozen_Dahteste_CloseUp_TwoSpirits.jpg\" alt=\"Close-up of Lozen and Dahteste with Geronimo and fellow Apache Indian prisoners on their way to Florida by train (1886).\" width=\"288\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Lozen_Dahteste_CloseUp_TwoSpirits.jpg 288w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Lozen_Dahteste_CloseUp_TwoSpirits-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Lozen_Dahteste_CloseUp_TwoSpirits-240x187.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Close-up of Lozen and Dahteste with Geronimo and fellow Apache Indian prisoners on their way to Florida by train (1886). \u003ccite>(Image Courtesy of State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Lozen and Dahteste (Chiricahua Apache)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For 30 years, the U.S. Army attempted to capture Goyaałé (more widely known as Geronimo), a prominent Apache leader and medicine man. Among his band of warriors, two stand out: Lozen and Dahteste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lozen was the sister of Geronimo’s right-hand man, Victorio. She was among the fiercest warriors, a medicine woman gifted with powerful visions. Her strength in military strategy became apparent from an early age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her brother was killed in battle, a distraught Lozen exacted her revenge on the U.S. Army in true warrior fashion: returning to the warpath quickly, purposefully and with deadly results. At least four other Apache women aided Lozen’s campaign against the U.S. Army, but none like Dahteste. Dahteste was a scout, messenger and mediator. She was married and fought alongside her husband, but her “battle buddy,” Lozen, was always nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1880s, the U.S. Army negotiated the surrender of Geronimo and his people. Many Apache were sent to Florida and lived out the rest of their days in confinement at Fort Marion. Dahteste spent eight years as a prisoner of war at Fort Marion and 19 years at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Upon her release, she relocated to Whitetail on the Mescalero Apache Reservation in New Mexico. She owned many sheep (a sign of wealth to many Southwestern tribes) and had a hired man to help keep them. She was often seen riding around the reservation in a pickup, dressed in full regalia. She outplayed everyone in baseball and lived in peace on Mescalero Reservation until her death in 1955.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadly, her friend and fellow warrior, Lozen, lived out the rest of her life in a very different way. She died of tuberculosis while imprisoned in Alabama, never returning to her homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samuel White Swan-Perkins is a freelance journalist who regularly contributes to The Huffington Post, Native News Online, Powwows.com and other media organizations. He’s a co-founder of the Indigenous Support Collaborative (ISCNC) and owner of White Swan-Perkins Cultural Consulting. Based in Butte County, California, Perkins continues indigenous traditions as a powwow singer and member of the Kiowa Gourd Dance Society.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the 1990s, Indian Country (as we called it) was a very different place for Native Americans. Our rural communities were isolated, with communication limited to landlines and the mail. Cigarette and beer companies frequently sponsored our powwows, recycling was unheard of, and the entire Native scene portrayed itself as very straight. Not straight-\u003cem>laced\u003c/em>, per se, but really hetero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term “Two Spirit” for LGBTQ+ Native Americans didn’t exist yet, at least not outside Ojibwe Territory. As for the concept—let’s just say that there were plenty of MCs making \u003cem>winkte\u003c/em> (gay) jokes at the powwows I attended in the early ’90s. Still, in spite of prejudice, it was common knowledge that in “the old days,” most of our Nations accepted and honored gender fluidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I recall one of my elders sharing about a man from home who was \u003cem>that way\u003c/em>. “I don’t like it,” I remember her telling me as she braided me up for one of our dances, “but we love N. and so—not my way, mind you.” I don’t recall the rest of the conversation, but I understood her comments to mean that \u003cem>winkte\u003c/em> was not OK.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fast forward a couple of decades, and \u003cem>wow\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only did the Native-American population skyrocket in North America, but we’ve gone through a major shift in how Two Spirits are recognized and treated. Today, dozens of Two Spirit organizations exist across the United States and Canada (North Valley Two Spirits, represent!). We have several of our own powwows, 501c3s and models that help sustain and preserve the Two Spirit way of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a sense of where we are today, let’s take a look back at some of the original Two-Spirit heroes who helped light the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Please know that gender and pronouns can be fluid in Native America, so this article uses the gender-neutral pronoun “they,” plus male and female pronouns.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13845341\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 446px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13845341\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits.jpg\" alt=\"Osh Tisch and their spouse. \" width=\"446\" height=\"631\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits.jpg 446w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits-160x226.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits-240x340.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/OshTisch_TwoSpirits-375x531.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 446px) 100vw, 446px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Osh Tisch and their spouse. \u003ccite>(John H. Fouch Retrieve from Montana: The Magazine of Western History Vol. 44, No. 2 (Spring, 1994), pp. 2-17 (JSTOR))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Osh-Tisch (Apsáalooke or Crow)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Osh-Tisch was a keeper of the Badé tradition—a male-bodied person in the Crow community who lived their daily life in a feminine role. Earning their name “Finds Them And Kills Them” in a fight against the Lakota, Osh-Tisch was a revered member of the tribe who had a lodge, a family and was considered a leader among the Badé. By the 1880s, missionaries began the process of attempting to “whitemanize” the Crow. Obsessed with “The Code of Religious Offenses,” a moral directive that forbade non-Christian spiritual practices, they began persecuting Natives over their dating and marriage traditions, which were often in opposition to the Christian European standard of lifelong heterosexual monogamy. Throughout the 1920s, tribal members who refused to abandon their traditions were penalized or imprisoned and their families’ treaty rations were cut or denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn’t long before Osh-Tisch and other Two Spirits became a target of the code and were imprisoned. But the Crow chiefs and warriors spoke out in support of Two Spirit values. They pushed hard against U.S. federal agents, ultimately gaining the Badés\u003cem>’\u003c/em> release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13845343\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13845343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/WeWha_TwoSpirit.gif\" alt=\"We'wha. \" width=\"377\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">We’wha. \u003ccite>(: John K. Hillers, Image Courtesy of: Smithsonian Institute. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>We’wha (Zuni)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A Lhamana (Zuni Two Spirit) from the area that is now New Mexico, We’wha was born a male-bodied person who wore a mix of women’s and men’s clothing. They performed tasks that were typically divided by gender roles, distinguished as both a weaver and potter as well as a hunter and spiritual leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’wha spoke English and struck up friendships with white outsiders, including the anthropologist Matilda Coxe Stevenson. They even traveled to Washington, D.C. in 1886 and met President Grover Cleveland. Largely perceived as a cisgender woman, We’wha became the toast of the town on this trip and gained a degree of national celebrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things didn’t go as well for the Zuni tribe, however. Similar to the experiences of the Crow, Christian missionaries arrived at Zuni (modern-day New Mexico and Arizona) in 1877, intent on converting the community. The Lhamana were imprisoned and the Zuni fought for their eventual release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After getting out of prison, We’wha walked 40 miles back to the reservation and returned to their former life: leading ceremonies, making pottery, weaving with the women and hunting with the men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13845344\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13845344\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Hastiin_TwoSpirits.jpg\" alt=\"Hastiin Klah.\" width=\"377\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Hastiin_TwoSpirits.jpg 377w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Hastiin_TwoSpirits-160x196.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 377px) 100vw, 377px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hastiin Klah. \u003ccite>(T. Harmon Parkhurst, Image Courtesy of Palace of the Governors Photo Archives, New Mexico History Museum, Santa Fe.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Hastiin Klah (Diné)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Hastiin Klah was a master sand painter, chanter, weaver and healer. There are four genders in Diné tradition and Klah was considered a Nádleehi (or “one who changes”)—an individual who exhibits the characteristics ascribed to the opposite sex. According to historical sources, Klah is believed to have been intersex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in 1867, Klah represented the Bear Mountain area (now Fort Wingate, New Mexico) and was considered exceptional in a multitude of areas. As a youth, Klah had a gift for traditional chants, which often take days to correctly recite. He learned weaving from his mother and sister, and traveled across the U.S. to showcase these skills at the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition in Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klah single-handedly saved the Navajo weaving tradition in the face of religious persecution. In 1921, he met heiress Mary Cabot Wheelwright and the two became close friends. Together, they formed the Wheelwright Museum of the American Indian in Santa Fe. Klah was integral in the museum’s design, implementation and curation; he even blessed its grounds. He passed away before the museum opened in 1937.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_13845345\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 288px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-13845345\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Lozen_Dahteste_CloseUp_TwoSpirits.jpg\" alt=\"Close-up of Lozen and Dahteste with Geronimo and fellow Apache Indian prisoners on their way to Florida by train (1886).\" width=\"288\" height=\"224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Lozen_Dahteste_CloseUp_TwoSpirits.jpg 288w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Lozen_Dahteste_CloseUp_TwoSpirits-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2018/11/Lozen_Dahteste_CloseUp_TwoSpirits-240x187.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 288px) 100vw, 288px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Close-up of Lozen and Dahteste with Geronimo and fellow Apache Indian prisoners on their way to Florida by train (1886). \u003ccite>(Image Courtesy of State Archives of Florida, Florida Memory. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Lozen and Dahteste (Chiricahua Apache)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For 30 years, the U.S. Army attempted to capture Goyaałé (more widely known as Geronimo), a prominent Apache leader and medicine man. Among his band of warriors, two stand out: Lozen and Dahteste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lozen was the sister of Geronimo’s right-hand man, Victorio. She was among the fiercest warriors, a medicine woman gifted with powerful visions. Her strength in military strategy became apparent from an early age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After her brother was killed in battle, a distraught Lozen exacted her revenge on the U.S. Army in true warrior fashion: returning to the warpath quickly, purposefully and with deadly results. At least four other Apache women aided Lozen’s campaign against the U.S. Army, but none like Dahteste. Dahteste was a scout, messenger and mediator. She was married and fought alongside her husband, but her “battle buddy,” Lozen, was always nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1880s, the U.S. Army negotiated the surrender of Geronimo and his people. Many Apache were sent to Florida and lived out the rest of their days in confinement at Fort Marion. Dahteste spent eight years as a prisoner of war at Fort Marion and 19 years at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Upon her release, she relocated to Whitetail on the Mescalero Apache Reservation in New Mexico. She owned many sheep (a sign of wealth to many Southwestern tribes) and had a hired man to help keep them. She was often seen riding around the reservation in a pickup, dressed in full regalia. She outplayed everyone in baseball and lived in peace on Mescalero Reservation until her death in 1955.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadly, her friend and fellow warrior, Lozen, lived out the rest of her life in a very different way. She died of tuberculosis while imprisoned in Alabama, never returning to her homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-800x78.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samuel White Swan-Perkins is a freelance journalist who regularly contributes to The Huffington Post, Native News Online, Powwows.com and other media organizations. He’s a co-founder of the Indigenous Support Collaborative (ISCNC) and owner of White Swan-Perkins Cultural Consulting. Based in Butte County, California, Perkins continues indigenous traditions as a powwow singer and member of the Kiowa Gourd Dance Society.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Calm of Courthouse Square",
"headTitle": "The Calm of Courthouse Square | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Liz and Lena and I walked down to Courthouse Square last night. Today’s the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/reunified-old-courthouse-square-poised-to-make-its-debut-in-downtown-santa/?ref=related\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">grand opening\u003c/a> ceremony with Chris Coursey and Gaye Lebaron and other official speeches, but we’d heard the fences were already down, and I couldn’t wait. Patching up a scar through he heart of the city is something I’d already waited for — for, oh, about 27 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids tumbled on the brand-new grass. Dogs ran circles around each other. Everyone turned around in a panoramic circle, pointing out new features, or trying to estimate where the old ones had been. There was a sense of hesitant excitement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I overheard one guy nearby, sitting on benches, who shrugged. “I don’t know if I like it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” his friend replied. “I’ll give it time, though.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To those who grumble at the new square — a flat, expensive patch of concrete, they say — that may be my best advice. Give this new Courthouse Square time. We’ve got a lot of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know the story by now: in 1966, the county outgrew its old courthouse, which anchored the center of Santa Rosa. The stately building was torn down, but instead of turning the land into an open park downtown, city planners ran Santa Rosa’s busiest street through it, squeezed some park features on either side, and, with a giant pair of scissors on opening day, cut a proud ribbon. It read: “Symbol of Progress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911701\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-800x701.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-800x701.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-1020x894.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-160x140.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-768x673.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o.jpg 1189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1990s, that “progress” looked more like de-evolution. The mall had been built, putting mom ‘n’ pop stores out of business all over downtown, and a huge cluster of megastores like Best Buy and Costco had been erected on Santa Rosa Avenue. The street that was paved through Courthouse Square — which had doubled as the transit hub for the city’s loud, noxious city buses — played host to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYz_iXO5Qjk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">constant stream of traffic, speeding right past\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-800x568.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-768x546.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-1536x1091.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-1920x1364.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started to loudly declare that Courthouse Square should be reunified — in my zine, in letters to the mayor, at parties. I was “that guy.” I had no hope that it would actually happen, but at least discovered I wasn’t alone: cutting Courthouse Square in half was cited, with ever more frequency, as one of Santa Rosa’s famous mistakes. One that maybe could be fixed. Demolishing the mall or re-routing the freeway were unfeasible pipe dreams. But reuniting Courthouse Square, as I learned through donating to various fundraisers and commissions and think-tanks, wasn’t such an unobtainable goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took a long time. It only happened because of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/reunified-old-courthouse-square-poised-to-make-its-debut-in-downtown-santa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rare confluence\u003c/a> of a united city council, the right amount of funds at the right time, and a collective will to finally go for it. Today they open it officially, and cut a new kind of ribbon. One that might as well say: “Whoops, Progress Was Right Under Our Nose All Along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s intermission time. Some favorite memories of Courthouse Square:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. The time the city tried putting speakers in the trees to pipe classical music into the square in an attempt to drive teenage punk rockers and derelicts out. (The idea failed spectacularly; in a \u003cem>Press Democrat\u003c/em> story about its efficacy, a homeless person was quoted: “I like it, but I wish they’d play some Mahler or Shostakovich. Beethoven is so \u003cem>common\u003c/em>.”) My friend Donovan was there the day that one of the speakers fell out of the tree and onto the ground. A group of punks ran over and started kicking it, until one of them said, “Hey, this is a nice speaker, it’s probably worth some money,” and they picked it up and ran off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911703\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Jumping into the circular Rosenberg fountain with Evan late one night. We’d been walking around, complaining about how we were tired of observing the world from a distance, as teenagers do, and how we wanted to live more \u003cem>in\u003c/em> the world. We threw pebbles in the water and watched the ripples bounce off of the walls and overlap, discussing how every action has an impact. It was all very deep. Then I realized we were doing exactly what we’d been complaining about earlier — observing something, instead of living in it — and I turned around and dramatically fell backwards into the fountain. I made Evan do it too. We walked home soaked, determined from then onward to live differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Cutting school for a Gulf War protest in the square, 1991. The square was not only physically divided but politically divided: pro-war people on the East side, antiwar people on the West, both shouting at each other. I was sitting listening to speakers talk about oil and Middle East relations and Kuwait, when suddenly my mom appeared. “I thought I’d find you here!” she shouted across the crowd, pointing at me. I was busted for cutting school… or so I thought. My mom came over, sat down, put her arm around me and said she was proud of me. We hung out downtown the rest of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911704\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Playing on Courthouse Square’s stage with my band Santiago, celebrating the release of our album about Santa Rosa, \u003cem>Rosenberg’s After Dark\u003c/em>. (I’d recorded the intro late at night sitting on a bench near the Rosenberg fountain; you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYz_iXO5Qjk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hear cars driving on the fake cobblestone\u003c/a> of the now-removed street in the background.) We brought Madigan’s Stationery and Eggen & Lance Mortuary signs to flank the stage. We had a song called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BY7g50PzgwQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Calm of Courthouse Square\u003c/a>,” about finding peace in the square on Christmas morning after breaking up with a girl who’d wanted me to decide between staying in Santa Rosa or following her to a bigger, more exciting city. We opened \u003cem>and\u003c/em> closed our set with it. I’ve played at famous clubs from CBGB to the Fillmore, but headlining Courthouse Square was more special.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. Finding \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10202580895261158&set=p.10202580895261158&type=1&theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two pot plants growing in Courthouse Square\u003c/a>! Crazy! They were only about six inches tall. I uprooted them and carried them home, where I planted them in larger and larger pots and watered them in our backyard until they grew taller than me. I don’t really smoke weed at all, but how often do you find it growing right in the middle of downtown? I gave away a lot of “Courthouse Kush” to friends that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. Driving Lena home from the hospital when she was just one day old, and parking in front of Treehorn Books. “I’ll be right back,” I told Liz. I ran to the fountain and pooled some water in my hands, and walked back to the car, and to our new child. I trickled some of the water on her soft forehead. “Welcome to town,” I whispered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I, of all people, should be sad and upset that the old square is gone. People who know my propensity for living in the past have joked that I was already nostalgic for the old square the minute they brought in the tractors. It’s true. I can’t help looking back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like the man said, nostalgia ain’t what it used to be. Santa Rosa has stayed the same, more or less, for the past 15 years, and I’m ready for some newness. Now, suddenly, we’re on a precipice of some major changes. The square is one of them. The SMART train is another. And lots of other changes add up to what could quickly be a very different Santa Rosa than the one we’ve known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the square, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/hotel-plans-taking-shape-on-santa-rosas-old-courthouse-square/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">boutique hotel for tourists\u003c/a> complete with valet parking is coming soon. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomamag.com/category/biteclub?fbclid=IwAR1ATFQT6JJwmc6MhBQr0zefZLLcqGQpForARsZsG3KaVpGR6Qc06dk3_x8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eight new restaurants\u003c/a> are opening downtown in the next few months, bringing more handcrafted cocktails and artisanal menus. Even the Astro Motel is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/spinster-sisters-restaurant-owners-buy-astro-motel-in-santa-rosa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">being remodeled and reopening soon\u003c/a> as another boutique destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more, we find ourselves on “Best Places to Live” lists. The Russian River Brewing Co. is ground zero for our status as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/beer/article/Santa-Rosa-dubbed-microbrew-capital-of-the-U-S-11084669.php?fbclid=IwAR2iJljIYdTBEJ5DYevugSf9BOS1knZ3Pf4XoZPIzFEywjU1fB0IX5_ooNg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">capital of craft beer\u003c/a>. Next door, what used to be Sawyer’s News selling magazines, racing forms and cigarettes is now an English-style tea parlor and a real estate sales office. Up the block, a storefront that sold shoes is now a financial planning service. Arrigoni’s, the 77-year-old family deli, is now a create-your-own-pizza place. And a restaurant from Healdsburg will soon take the place of La Bufa, the no-frills, family-run Mexican joint which \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/lifestyle/la-bufa-mexican-restaurant-in-santa-rosa-closing-after-42-years/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">closes Sunday after almost 45 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you seen Clover’s new billboards? The ones that used to feature a cartoon cow and silly puns, and now present elegant phrases about their milk’s “mouthfeel”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa has been on this trajectory for a while, transforming from the Redwood Empire to Wine Country. But it’s gonna come extra fast and hard in the next year or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, mere hours after the square’s fences came down yesterday, a man slept in a sleeping bag under the redwood trees. Twenty minutes later, Liz and I watched as a cop came and rustled him awake, and pulled out his ticket book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have an enormous housing problem in Santa Rosa, and more homeless than I can ever remember. I don’t know what to say to those who complain about homeless people without seeing the connection to the luxurification of Santa Rosa, except that you can only have so many landlords \u003ca href=\"https://www.airbnb.com/santa-rosa-ca/stays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">turning their units into permanent Airbnbs\u003c/a> for Pliny the Younger fans before there’s no place for people who grew up here to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home sales here have hit their \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/sonoma-county-home-sales-median-price-fall-in-april/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest median price in history\u003c/a>, out of range for the average first-time buyer. Rents have skyrocketed, completely out of reach for most of my friends. And the freeway underpasses on Sixth Street and Ninth Street have become mini-villages of homeless people who simply can’t afford a basic roof over their head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city knows this, and is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/santa-rosa-thinks-granny-units-could-help-solve-housing-crisis/?artslide=0&fbclid=IwAR0S-oYaMNSNxMn6BF4DvNsoCu9ZWooP8ZjGJBbPOiQ8uxhTIj-T0i2L6QE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trying\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/FairandAffordableSantaRosa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">address\u003c/a> it. But the changes Santa Rosa faces are going to come much faster than city policy. Meanwhile, the city wants the square to succeed, and an important part of that — in the eyes of many — is to keep it “nice,” “clean,” and “welcoming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words: clear of homeless people. I mean, we witnessed it right there, firsthand, after the square opened, as if on cue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m nervous. I’m also excited. I don’t know what’s gonna happen. I do know that I love this city, and that today is a historic day for Santa Rosa. To the critics of the new square’s design, I say: It’s a canvas. I know of no construction project that doesn’t go in phases. (And, $10 million is cheap. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/sonoma-states-120-million-green-center-takes-center-stage/?ref=related&gallery=2358864&artslide=0&fbclid=IwAR1XlYEGAuT4I8Z4J2V0TX8bJJmjw4bENE4LVH0beoqNveS57GeIDm_cGqk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Really\u003c/a>.) Look at the photo earlier for what the square looked like when it opened in the early ’70s: flat, empty, a lot of concrete. Things adapt. Trees grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, a town square is just that — a place. What makes it special are the people, and what they do with it. And time will tell what we do with this square. Some modern-looking LED towers are on the way. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/11665156/ruth-asawa-fountain-delicately-removed-preserved-in-santa-rosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ruth Asawa fountain will be reinstalled\u003c/a>. I, for one, would love to add a gazebo or permanent stage for speakers and musical performances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last night, as I noticed new plaques commemorating the old Rosenberg fountain and the current city council, I was glad to see an older plaque that someone decided to keep. Giving a brief history of the square, it includes the name “J. Carrillo.” That’s Julio Carrillo, someone I’ve written about at length, who donated his family’s land to help lay the foundation for Santa Rosa — including the land for the square. Developers and businessmen did their thing, and Santa Rosa flourished. Julio Carrillo, the son of Spanish settlers who drank and gambled as much as he believed in high-minded ideas, went broke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911707\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the end of his life, Carrillo, basically penniless, worked as a janitor for the courthouse. By day, he and his wife sold tamales on the sidewalk to help support their large family. All this on valuable land he’d once owned, and naively signed over in service of a high-minded idea called Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change comes fast. Carrillo eventually got a prince’s funeral, with a huge crowd in the square, and a parade to the cemetery. And his name – some of it, at least – is memorialized on a plaque in this new, reunified square. But just like it was in Carrillo’s day, Santa Rosa is still a city of the haves and the have-nots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a grand metaphor to be made here about reunifying the square and reunifying our splintered city, divided by wealth and class and race, but I just can’t bring myself to be that hopeful. Not yet. But I’ll give it time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for today, and the big celebration in the new (finally!) reunified Courthouse Square, and this new era of downtown, whatever it may bring?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s our city. Our square. Let’s make it great. I’ll see you there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Liz and Lena and I walked down to Courthouse Square last night. Today’s the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/reunified-old-courthouse-square-poised-to-make-its-debut-in-downtown-santa/?ref=related\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">grand opening\u003c/a> ceremony with Chris Coursey and Gaye Lebaron and other official speeches, but we’d heard the fences were already down, and I couldn’t wait. Patching up a scar through he heart of the city is something I’d already waited for — for, oh, about 27 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids tumbled on the brand-new grass. Dogs ran circles around each other. Everyone turned around in a panoramic circle, pointing out new features, or trying to estimate where the old ones had been. There was a sense of hesitant excitement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I overheard one guy nearby, sitting on benches, who shrugged. “I don’t know if I like it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah,” his friend replied. “I’ll give it time, though.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To those who grumble at the new square — a flat, expensive patch of concrete, they say — that may be my best advice. Give this new Courthouse Square time. We’ve got a lot of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know the story by now: in 1966, the county outgrew its old courthouse, which anchored the center of Santa Rosa. The stately building was torn down, but instead of turning the land into an open park downtown, city planners ran Santa Rosa’s busiest street through it, squeezed some park features on either side, and, with a giant pair of scissors on opening day, cut a proud ribbon. It read: “Symbol of Progress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911701\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-800x701.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"701\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-800x701.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-1020x894.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-160x140.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o-768x673.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156578_10211377613053605_8536823908719878453_o.jpg 1189w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1990s, that “progress” looked more like de-evolution. The mall had been built, putting mom ‘n’ pop stores out of business all over downtown, and a huge cluster of megastores like Best Buy and Costco had been erected on Santa Rosa Avenue. The street that was paved through Courthouse Square — which had doubled as the transit hub for the city’s loud, noxious city buses — played host to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYz_iXO5Qjk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">constant stream of traffic, speeding right past\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-800x568.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-768x546.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-1536x1091.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o-1920x1364.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192447_10211377718816249_3016441479001586066_o.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I started to loudly declare that Courthouse Square should be reunified — in my zine, in letters to the mayor, at parties. I was “that guy.” I had no hope that it would actually happen, but at least discovered I wasn’t alone: cutting Courthouse Square in half was cited, with ever more frequency, as one of Santa Rosa’s famous mistakes. One that maybe could be fixed. Demolishing the mall or re-routing the freeway were unfeasible pipe dreams. But reuniting Courthouse Square, as I learned through donating to various fundraisers and commissions and think-tanks, wasn’t such an unobtainable goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took a long time. It only happened because of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/reunified-old-courthouse-square-poised-to-make-its-debut-in-downtown-santa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rare confluence\u003c/a> of a united city council, the right amount of funds at the right time, and a collective will to finally go for it. Today they open it officially, and cut a new kind of ribbon. One that might as well say: “Whoops, Progress Was Right Under Our Nose All Along.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s intermission time. Some favorite memories of Courthouse Square:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. The time the city tried putting speakers in the trees to pipe classical music into the square in an attempt to drive teenage punk rockers and derelicts out. (The idea failed spectacularly; in a \u003cem>Press Democrat\u003c/em> story about its efficacy, a homeless person was quoted: “I like it, but I wish they’d play some Mahler or Shostakovich. Beethoven is so \u003cem>common\u003c/em>.”) My friend Donovan was there the day that one of the speakers fell out of the tree and onto the ground. A group of punks ran over and started kicking it, until one of them said, “Hey, this is a nice speaker, it’s probably worth some money,” and they picked it up and ran off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911703\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18199347_10211377825858925_7681476918943987217_n.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Jumping into the circular Rosenberg fountain with Evan late one night. We’d been walking around, complaining about how we were tired of observing the world from a distance, as teenagers do, and how we wanted to live more \u003cem>in\u003c/em> the world. We threw pebbles in the water and watched the ripples bounce off of the walls and overlap, discussing how every action has an impact. It was all very deep. Then I realized we were doing exactly what we’d been complaining about earlier — observing something, instead of living in it — and I turned around and dramatically fell backwards into the fountain. I made Evan do it too. We walked home soaked, determined from then onward to live differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>3. Cutting school for a Gulf War protest in the square, 1991. The square was not only physically divided but politically divided: pro-war people on the East side, antiwar people on the West, both shouting at each other. I was sitting listening to speakers talk about oil and Middle East relations and Kuwait, when suddenly my mom appeared. “I thought I’d find you here!” she shouted across the crowd, pointing at me. I was busted for cutting school… or so I thought. My mom came over, sat down, put her arm around me and said she was proud of me. We hung out downtown the rest of the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911704\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238100_10211377698575743_4982369222838759827_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>4. Playing on Courthouse Square’s stage with my band Santiago, celebrating the release of our album about Santa Rosa, \u003cem>Rosenberg’s After Dark\u003c/em>. (I’d recorded the intro late at night sitting on a bench near the Rosenberg fountain; you can \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AYz_iXO5Qjk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hear cars driving on the fake cobblestone\u003c/a> of the now-removed street in the background.) We brought Madigan’s Stationery and Eggen & Lance Mortuary signs to flank the stage. We had a song called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BY7g50PzgwQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Calm of Courthouse Square\u003c/a>,” about finding peace in the square on Christmas morning after breaking up with a girl who’d wanted me to decide between staying in Santa Rosa or following her to a bigger, more exciting city. We opened \u003cem>and\u003c/em> closed our set with it. I’ve played at famous clubs from CBGB to the Fillmore, but headlining Courthouse Square was more special.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>5. Finding \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10202580895261158&set=p.10202580895261158&type=1&theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">two pot plants growing in Courthouse Square\u003c/a>! Crazy! They were only about six inches tall. I uprooted them and carried them home, where I planted them in larger and larger pots and watered them in our backyard until they grew taller than me. I don’t really smoke weed at all, but how often do you find it growing right in the middle of downtown? I gave away a lot of “Courthouse Kush” to friends that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>6. Driving Lena home from the hospital when she was just one day old, and parking in front of Treehorn Books. “I’ll be right back,” I told Liz. I ran to the fountain and pooled some water in my hands, and walked back to the car, and to our new child. I trickled some of the water on her soft forehead. “Welcome to town,” I whispered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I, of all people, should be sad and upset that the old square is gone. People who know my propensity for living in the past have joked that I was already nostalgic for the old square the minute they brought in the tractors. It’s true. I can’t help looking back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But like the man said, nostalgia ain’t what it used to be. Santa Rosa has stayed the same, more or less, for the past 15 years, and I’m ready for some newness. Now, suddenly, we’re on a precipice of some major changes. The square is one of them. The SMART train is another. And lots of other changes add up to what could quickly be a very different Santa Rosa than the one we’ve known.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the square, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/hotel-plans-taking-shape-on-santa-rosas-old-courthouse-square/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">boutique hotel for tourists\u003c/a> complete with valet parking is coming soon. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sonomamag.com/category/biteclub?fbclid=IwAR1ATFQT6JJwmc6MhBQr0zefZLLcqGQpForARsZsG3KaVpGR6Qc06dk3_x8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eight new restaurants\u003c/a> are opening downtown in the next few months, bringing more handcrafted cocktails and artisanal menus. Even the Astro Motel is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/spinster-sisters-restaurant-owners-buy-astro-motel-in-santa-rosa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">being remodeled and reopening soon\u003c/a> as another boutique destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18192450_10211377705335912_6964387410853039091_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More and more, we find ourselves on “Best Places to Live” lists. The Russian River Brewing Co. is ground zero for our status as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfgate.com/beer/article/Santa-Rosa-dubbed-microbrew-capital-of-the-U-S-11084669.php?fbclid=IwAR2iJljIYdTBEJ5DYevugSf9BOS1knZ3Pf4XoZPIzFEywjU1fB0IX5_ooNg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">capital of craft beer\u003c/a>. Next door, what used to be Sawyer’s News selling magazines, racing forms and cigarettes is now an English-style tea parlor and a real estate sales office. Up the block, a storefront that sold shoes is now a financial planning service. Arrigoni’s, the 77-year-old family deli, is now a create-your-own-pizza place. And a restaurant from Healdsburg will soon take the place of La Bufa, the no-frills, family-run Mexican joint which \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/lifestyle/la-bufa-mexican-restaurant-in-santa-rosa-closing-after-42-years/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">closes Sunday after almost 45 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you seen Clover’s new billboards? The ones that used to feature a cartoon cow and silly puns, and now present elegant phrases about their milk’s “mouthfeel”?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Rosa has been on this trajectory for a while, transforming from the Redwood Empire to Wine Country. But it’s gonna come extra fast and hard in the next year or so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, mere hours after the square’s fences came down yesterday, a man slept in a sleeping bag under the redwood trees. Twenty minutes later, Liz and I watched as a cop came and rustled him awake, and pulled out his ticket book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have an enormous housing problem in Santa Rosa, and more homeless than I can ever remember. I don’t know what to say to those who complain about homeless people without seeing the connection to the luxurification of Santa Rosa, except that you can only have so many landlords \u003ca href=\"https://www.airbnb.com/santa-rosa-ca/stays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">turning their units into permanent Airbnbs\u003c/a> for Pliny the Younger fans before there’s no place for people who grew up here to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911706\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18238440_10211377647174458_537120752881380645_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Home sales here have hit their \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/sonoma-county-home-sales-median-price-fall-in-april/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest median price in history\u003c/a>, out of range for the average first-time buyer. Rents have skyrocketed, completely out of reach for most of my friends. And the freeway underpasses on Sixth Street and Ninth Street have become mini-villages of homeless people who simply can’t afford a basic roof over their head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city knows this, and is \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/santa-rosa-thinks-granny-units-could-help-solve-housing-crisis/?artslide=0&fbclid=IwAR0S-oYaMNSNxMn6BF4DvNsoCu9ZWooP8ZjGJBbPOiQ8uxhTIj-T0i2L6QE\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">trying\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/FairandAffordableSantaRosa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">address\u003c/a> it. But the changes Santa Rosa faces are going to come much faster than city policy. Meanwhile, the city wants the square to succeed, and an important part of that — in the eyes of many — is to keep it “nice,” “clean,” and “welcoming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words: clear of homeless people. I mean, we witnessed it right there, firsthand, after the square opened, as if on cue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-13911700\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"76\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-160x15.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18157782_10211377597133207_2734933436833314751_n-768x73.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m nervous. I’m also excited. I don’t know what’s gonna happen. I do know that I love this city, and that today is a historic day for Santa Rosa. To the critics of the new square’s design, I say: It’s a canvas. I know of no construction project that doesn’t go in phases. (And, $10 million is cheap. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/sonoma-states-120-million-green-center-takes-center-stage/?ref=related&gallery=2358864&artslide=0&fbclid=IwAR1XlYEGAuT4I8Z4J2V0TX8bJJmjw4bENE4LVH0beoqNveS57GeIDm_cGqk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Really\u003c/a>.) Look at the photo earlier for what the square looked like when it opened in the early ’70s: flat, empty, a lot of concrete. Things adapt. Trees grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, a town square is just that — a place. What makes it special are the people, and what they do with it. And time will tell what we do with this square. Some modern-looking LED towers are on the way. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/11665156/ruth-asawa-fountain-delicately-removed-preserved-in-santa-rosa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ruth Asawa fountain will be reinstalled\u003c/a>. I, for one, would love to add a gazebo or permanent stage for speakers and musical performances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last night, as I noticed new plaques commemorating the old Rosenberg fountain and the current city council, I was glad to see an older plaque that someone decided to keep. Giving a brief history of the square, it includes the name “J. Carrillo.” That’s Julio Carrillo, someone I’ve written about at length, who donated his family’s land to help lay the foundation for Santa Rosa — including the land for the square. Developers and businessmen did their thing, and Santa Rosa flourished. Julio Carrillo, the son of Spanish settlers who drank and gambled as much as he believed in high-minded ideas, went broke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-13911707\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2022/04/18156338_10211377723096356_1643596746478933906_o.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Near the end of his life, Carrillo, basically penniless, worked as a janitor for the courthouse. By day, he and his wife sold tamales on the sidewalk to help support their large family. All this on valuable land he’d once owned, and naively signed over in service of a high-minded idea called Santa Rosa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change comes fast. Carrillo eventually got a prince’s funeral, with a huge crowd in the square, and a parade to the cemetery. And his name – some of it, at least – is memorialized on a plaque in this new, reunified square. But just like it was in Carrillo’s day, Santa Rosa is still a city of the haves and the have-nots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a grand metaphor to be made here about reunifying the square and reunifying our splintered city, divided by wealth and class and race, but I just can’t bring myself to be that hopeful. Not yet. But I’ll give it time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for today, and the big celebration in the new (finally!) reunified Courthouse Square, and this new era of downtown, whatever it may bring?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s our city. Our square. Let’s make it great. I’ll see you there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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