window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"stateofhealth_24625": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_24625",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "24625",
"found": true
},
"parent": 24623,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-400x266.png",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 266
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-320x213.png",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 213
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM.png",
"width": 725,
"height": 483
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-75x75.png",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1426784993,
"modified": 1426785056,
"caption": "A nurse in 1938 checks the amount of insulin in a needle. For many decades, the only insulin available to people with diabetes came from the pancreases of cattle or pigs. Insulin from animals is still available outside the U.S. — and cheaper than a recombinant DNA version. (Bettmann/Corbis)",
"description": "A nurse in 1938 checks the amount of insulin in a needle. For many decades, the only insulin available to people with diabetes came from the pancreases of cattle or pigs. Insulin from animals is still available outside the U.S. — and cheaper than a recombinant DNA version. (Bettmann/Corbis)",
"title": "Screen Shot 2015-03-19 at 10.09.29 AM",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_7357": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_7357",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "7357",
"found": true
},
"parent": 7353,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-400x276.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 276
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-320x221.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 221
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1323
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-1440x992.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 992
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-800x551.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 551
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-1180x813.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 813
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-768x529.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 529
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1342461130,
"modified": 1426265169,
"caption": "(Justin Sullivan: Getty Images)",
"description": "Bottles of antiretroviral drug Truvada are shown at Jack's Pharmacy on November 23, 2010 in San Anselmo, California.",
"title": "(Justin Sullivan: Getty Images)",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_24413": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_24413",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "24413",
"found": true
},
"parent": 24408,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-320x213.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 213
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266.jpg",
"width": 1921,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1426098838,
"modified": 1426098861,
"caption": "(Getty Images)",
"description": null,
"title": "iStock_000031838146_Large",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_24394": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_24394",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "24394",
"found": true
},
"parent": 24387,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-320x213.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 213
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306.jpg",
"width": 1921,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-1180x786.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 786
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1426011466,
"modified": 1426011486,
"caption": "(Getty Images)",
"description": null,
"title": "iStock_000015590176_Large-2",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_15266": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_15266",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "15266",
"found": true
},
"parent": 15263,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587-400x283.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 283
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587-320x226.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 226
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587-641x372.jpg",
"width": 641,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587.jpg",
"width": 641,
"height": 453
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1380559911,
"modified": 1380559911,
"caption": "Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)",
"description": "vaccine clinic",
"title": "149948672",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_23978": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_23978",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23978",
"found": true
},
"parent": 23977,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-320x213.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 213
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1424720707,
"modified": 1424720741,
"caption": "(Getty Images)",
"description": "dishwasher",
"title": "iStock_000037223338_Medium",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_23940": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_23940",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23940",
"found": true
},
"parent": 23930,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-400x267.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 267
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-320x213.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 213
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"height": 960
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-1440x960.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 960
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1424287434,
"modified": 1424287477,
"caption": "(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)",
"description": "NEWARK, NJ - AUGUST 28: A nurse holds out a tray of immunization's at the city of Newark's \"School Bus Express\" free immunization program for Newark youth on August 28, 2013 in Newark, New Jersey. The program is being held at the Department of Child and Family Well-Being and seeks to highlight the importance of childhood immunizations before the school year gets started. Newark, where some 30% of residents live in poverty, provides immunizations for all residents. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)",
"title": "Newark Offers Free Immunizations For Children Ahead Of The School Year",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_23614": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_23614",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23614",
"found": true
},
"parent": 23612,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-400x285.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 285
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-320x228.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 228
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"height": 1027
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-1440x1027.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1027
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-800x571.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 571
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-1180x842.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 842
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-768x548.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 548
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1422076898,
"modified": 1422076999,
"caption": "A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)",
"description": "MIAMI, FL - JUNE 02: A dose of measles vaccine is seen at the Miami Children's Hospital on June 02, 2014 in Miami, Florida. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention last week announced that in the United States they are seeing the most measles cases in 20 years as they warned clinicians, parents and others to watch for and get vaccinated against the potentially deadly virus. (Photo by Joe Raedle/Getty Images)",
"title": "Center For Disease Control Reports Highest Number Of Measles Cases In 20 Years",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_23813": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_23813",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23813",
"found": true
},
"parent": 23812,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-400x262.png",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 262
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-320x210.png",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 210
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM.png",
"width": 712,
"height": 467
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-75x75.png",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1423074414,
"modified": 1423074456,
"caption": "Juniper Russo walks her dogs with her daughter Vivian (left).\n(Courtesy of Juniper Russo)",
"description": "Juniper Russo walks her dogs with her daughter Vivian (left).\n(Courtesy of Juniper Russo)",
"title": "Screen Shot 2015-02-04 at 10.26.34 AM",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_17082": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_17082",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "17082",
"found": true
},
"parent": 17074,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216-400x200.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 200
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216-320x160.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 320
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1389225058,
"modified": 1389225058,
"caption": "Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)",
"description": "nursing student administers flu shot",
"title": "8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_5990": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_5990",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "5990",
"found": true
},
"parent": 5986,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989-400x257.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 257
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989-320x206.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 206
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989-641x372.jpg",
"width": 641,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989.jpg",
"width": 641,
"height": 412
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2012/05/Vaccination-Large-Jeff-J-Mitchell-Getty-e1411754682989-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1337710398,
"modified": 1337710398,
"caption": "(Jeff J. Mitchell: Getty Images)",
"description": "GLASGOW, UNITED KINGDOM - SEPTEMBER 03: A young boy receives a immunization jab at a health centre in Glasgow September 3, 2007 in Glasgow, Scotland. Medical experts still believe the MMR jab is safe and that the vaccine does not cause autism. (Photo by Jeff J Mitchell/Getty Images)",
"title": "(Jeff J. Mitchell: Getty Images)",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"stateofhealth_22048": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "stateofhealth_22048",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "22048",
"found": true
},
"parent": 22043,
"imgSizes": {
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-400x312.jpg",
"width": 400,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 312
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-320x249.jpg",
"width": 320,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"height": 1122
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-1440x1122.jpg",
"width": 1440,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1122
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-800x623.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 623
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-1180x919.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 919
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-768x598.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 598
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-75x75.jpg",
"width": 75,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 75
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
}
},
"publishDate": 1413347181,
"modified": 1413347181,
"caption": "(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)",
"description": "bola virus virion is seen. As the Ebola virus continues to spread across parts of Africa, a second doctor infected with the disease has arrived in the U.S. for treatment. (Photo by Center for Disease Control (CDC) via Getty Images)\u001c\u0002P",
"title": "Ebola Virus",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"kqednewsstaffandwires": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "237",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "237",
"found": true
},
"name": "KQED News Staff and Wires",
"firstName": "KQED News Staff and Wires",
"lastName": null,
"slug": "kqednewsstaffandwires",
"email": "onlinenewsstaff@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": null,
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72295af8ebbfbd19a4948f5271285664?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "lowdown",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": [
"author"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "KQED News Staff and Wires | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72295af8ebbfbd19a4948f5271285664?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/72295af8ebbfbd19a4948f5271285664?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/kqednewsstaffandwires"
},
"lisaaliferis": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "240",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "240",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lisa Aliferis",
"firstName": "Lisa",
"lastName": "Aliferis",
"slug": "lisaaliferis",
"email": "laliferis@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Lisa Aliferis is the founding editor of KQED's \u003cem>State of Health\u003c/em> blog. Since 2011, she's been writing and editing stories for the site. Before taking up blogging, she toiled for many years (more than we can count) producing health stories for television, including\u003cem> Dateline NBC\u003c/em> and San Francisco's CBS affiliate, KPIX-TV. She also wrote up a \u003ca title=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/health/obamacare/obamacare-guide.jsp\" href=\"http://www.kqed.org/news/health/obamacare/obamacare-guide.jsp\">handy guide to the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a>, especially for Californians. Her work has been honored for many awards. Most recently she was a finalist for \"Best Topical Reporting\" from the Online News Association. You can follow her on Twitter: \u003ca title=\"https://twitter.com/laliferis\" href=\"https://twitter.com/laliferis\">@laliferis\u003c/a>",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86c339d5cdcb0dcd2b6cf5d7c3f5886b?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twitter": "laliferis",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "food",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lisa Aliferis | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86c339d5cdcb0dcd2b6cf5d7c3f5886b?s=600&d=mm&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/86c339d5cdcb0dcd2b6cf5d7c3f5886b?s=600&d=mm&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lisaaliferis"
},
"lizagross": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "6322",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "6322",
"found": true
},
"name": "Liza Gross",
"firstName": "Liza",
"lastName": "Gross",
"slug": "lizagross",
"email": "lizagross@gmail.com",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Liza Gross, an award-winning independent journalist and senior editor at the biomedical journal PLOS Biology, writes mostly about conservation and public and environmental health. She was a 2013 recipient of the NYU Reporting Award, a 2013 Dennis Hunt Health Journalism fellow and a 2015 USC Data Journalism fellow.\r\n\r\nRead her \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/author/lizagross/\">previous contributions\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"science.kqed.org/quest/\">QUEST\u003c/a>, a project dedicated to exploring the Science of Sustainability.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Liza Gross | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/1f7d36efc78088d63466cef5f10c4c7a?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lizagross"
},
"state-of-health": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "8344",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "8344",
"found": true
},
"name": "State of Health",
"firstName": "State of Health",
"lastName": null,
"slug": "state-of-health",
"email": "stateofhealth@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": null,
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/66de4bf6d331fa7402bba1ffe8135e17?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "State of Health | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/66de4bf6d331fa7402bba1ffe8135e17?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/66de4bf6d331fa7402bba1ffe8135e17?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/state-of-health"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"stateofhealth_tag_science": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_461",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "461",
"score": 6.8510566
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 462,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Science",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "stateofhealth",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 7
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/stateofhealth?tag=science",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 7
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://hls.kqed.org/hls/kqed_app/playlist.m3u8",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stateofhealth_24623": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_24623",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "24623",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1426785449000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1426785449,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Why Insulin Is So Expensive in the U.S.",
"title": "Why Insulin Is So Expensive in the U.S.",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24625\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-640x426.png\" alt=\"A nurse in 1938 checks the amount of insulin in a needle. For many decades, the only insulin available to people with diabetes came from the pancreases of cattle or pigs. Insulin from animals is still available outside the U.S. — and cheaper than a recombinant DNA version. (Bettmann/Corbis)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A nurse in 1938 checks the amount of insulin in a needle. For many decades, the only insulin available to people with diabetes came from the pancreases of cattle or pigs. Insulin from animals is still available outside the U.S. — and cheaper than a recombinant DNA version. (Bettmann/Corbis)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Anders Kelto,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/19/393856788/why-is-u-s-insulin-so-expensive\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/19/393856788/why-is-u-s-insulin-so-expensive\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeremy Greene sees a lot of patients with diabetes that's out of control.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">More than 90 years after insulin was developed, there are no low-cost options available today. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In fact, he says, sometimes their blood sugar is \"so high that you can't even record the number on their glucometer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hopkinshistoryofmedicine.org/content/jeremy-greene\">Greene\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine and history of medicine at Johns Hopkins University, started asking patients at his clinic in Baltimore why they had so much trouble keeping their blood sugar stable. He was shocked by their answer: the high cost of insulin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene decided to call some local pharmacies, to ask about low-cost options. He was told no such options existed.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Only then did I realize there is no such thing as generic insulin in the United States in the year 2015,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene wondered why that was the case. Why was a medicine more than 90 years old so expensive? He started looking into the history of insulin, and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1411398\">published a paper\u003c/a> about his findings in this week's issue of the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of insulin, it turns out, starts back in the late 1800s. That's when scientists discovered a link between diabetes and damaged cells in the pancreas — cells that produce insulin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1920s, researchers in Toronto extracted insulin from cattle pancreases and gave it to people who had diabetes, as part of a clinical trial. The first patient was a 14-year-old boy, who made a dramatic recovery. Most others recovered as well. Soon, insulin from pigs and cattle was being produced and sold on a massive scale around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res393881578\" class=\"bucketwrap image large\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"imagewrap\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"img alignnone\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2015/03/18/insulin-production_sq-26b52a203998117570dac24e7cd8e9d122a61561-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Acids, alcohol and pancreatic tissue were separated, bathed and mixed in this laboratory of a 1946 insulin factory in Bielefeld, Germany.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\">\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"credit-caption\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"caption\">\n\u003cp>Acids, alcohol and pancreatic tissue were separated, bathed and mixed in this laboratory of a 1946 insulin factory in Bielefeld, Germany.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"credit\">Chris Ware/Getty Images\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But for some, the early forms of the medicine weren't ideal. Many people required multiple injections every day, and some developed minor allergic reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few decades, scientists figured out how to produce higher-quality insulin, Greene says. They made the drug purer, so recipients had fewer bad reactions. They also made the substance able to last longer in the bloodstream, which led to more stable blood sugar levels and less frequent injections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of these innovations helped to make insulin a little bit safer, a little bit more effective,\" Greene says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in the 1970s, scientists developed a new technique they could use for insulin production, called recombinant DNA technology. It involves putting the human gene for insulin into bacteria, which then produce large quantities of the hormone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a funny thing happened, Greene says: \"The older [animal] insulin, rather than remaining around on the market as a cheaper, older alternative, disappeared from the market.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene says there's no one reason that companies stopped producing the older animal versions, but they clearly felt it would not be profitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gim/clinical/gss/Riggs.html\">Dr. Kevin Riggs\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins and co-author of the new insulin study, says the newer, recombinant version of insulin may have had some advantages in terms of convenience and fewer side effects. But there was probably something else at work — doctors being influenced by marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that made the new form of insulin, called Humulin, launched a large marketing effort aimed at doctors and patients shortly after its release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But newer drugs aren't\u003cem> \u003c/em>always better, says \u003ca href=\"http://explore.georgetown.edu/people/ajf29/\">Dr. Adriane Fugh-Berman\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine and pharmacology at Georgetown University. That's partly because drug companies don't have to prove that a new drug is better than what is already on the market — they just have to prove that it's not worse.\"In government-funded studies that have compared older drugs to newer drugs, often older drugs come out looking better or equal to newer drugs,\" Fugh-Berman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, some patients have found that animal-derived forms of insulin work better for them, she says. They cause less variability in blood sugar, and fewer episodes of hypoglycemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while those older kinds of insulin are not available in the U.S., they are available elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Canada, there actually is still an animal-derived insulin on the market, and that was really due to the efforts of consumer advocates,\" Fugh-Berman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the older versions have vanished in the U.S., newer versions have stayed expensive. The drug can cost up to $400 a month. Because of that high cost, many of the estimated 29 million people living with diabetes in the U.S. can't afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some industry analysts expect insulin costs to fall in the future. That's because the most recent insulin patents have expired, paving the way to more competition. The FDA has also decided to allow \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/10/388668910/fda-decision-signals-new-competition-for-some-of-the-costliest-drugs\">biosimilar\u003c/a> versions of insulin onto the market. These are substances that act in a similar way to existing forms, but are not necessarily identical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there's concern that the cost savings [with biosimilar insulin] will be nowhere near as robust as they have been with [other types of] generic drugs,\" Greene says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than reducing costs by 80 percent, as many generics have done, they might reduce costs by 40 percent,\" Riggs says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene says the point of their recent study about insulin costs isn't to simply blame the drug industry. \"We do not believe that there is a conspiracy to keep insulin expensive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, he says, incremental improvements in the drug — and the disappearance of older versions, which aren't as profitable — are more likely explanations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene says innovations in insulin over the past 90 years have been significant. But, he says, it's important to ask this question: \"Do these innovations merit the loss of affordable insulin?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients at his clinic who can't afford insulin, Greene says, the answer is clear. A more affordable version is needed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "24623 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=24623",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/19/why-insulin-is-so-expensive-in-the-u-s/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1058,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 34
},
"modified": 1426870099,
"excerpt": "More than 90 years after insulin was developed, there are no low-cost options available today.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "More than 90 years after insulin was developed, there are no low-cost options available today.",
"title": "Why Insulin Is So Expensive in the U.S. | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Why Insulin Is So Expensive in the U.S.",
"datePublished": "2015-03-19T10:17:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-03-20T09:48:19-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "why-insulin-is-so-expensive-in-the-u-s",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/24623/why-insulin-is-so-expensive-in-the-u-s",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24625\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/Screen-Shot-2015-03-19-at-10.09.29-AM-640x426.png\" alt=\"A nurse in 1938 checks the amount of insulin in a needle. For many decades, the only insulin available to people with diabetes came from the pancreases of cattle or pigs. Insulin from animals is still available outside the U.S. — and cheaper than a recombinant DNA version. (Bettmann/Corbis)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A nurse in 1938 checks the amount of insulin in a needle. For many decades, the only insulin available to people with diabetes came from the pancreases of cattle or pigs. Insulin from animals is still available outside the U.S. — and cheaper than a recombinant DNA version. (Bettmann/Corbis)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Anders Kelto,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/19/393856788/why-is-u-s-insulin-so-expensive\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/19/393856788/why-is-u-s-insulin-so-expensive\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeremy Greene sees a lot of patients with diabetes that's out of control.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">More than 90 years after insulin was developed, there are no low-cost options available today. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In fact, he says, sometimes their blood sugar is \"so high that you can't even record the number on their glucometer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hopkinshistoryofmedicine.org/content/jeremy-greene\">Greene\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine and history of medicine at Johns Hopkins University, started asking patients at his clinic in Baltimore why they had so much trouble keeping their blood sugar stable. He was shocked by their answer: the high cost of insulin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene decided to call some local pharmacies, to ask about low-cost options. He was told no such options existed.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Only then did I realize there is no such thing as generic insulin in the United States in the year 2015,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene wondered why that was the case. Why was a medicine more than 90 years old so expensive? He started looking into the history of insulin, and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMms1411398\">published a paper\u003c/a> about his findings in this week's issue of the \u003cem>New England Journal of Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of insulin, it turns out, starts back in the late 1800s. That's when scientists discovered a link between diabetes and damaged cells in the pancreas — cells that produce insulin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the early 1920s, researchers in Toronto extracted insulin from cattle pancreases and gave it to people who had diabetes, as part of a clinical trial. The first patient was a 14-year-old boy, who made a dramatic recovery. Most others recovered as well. Soon, insulin from pigs and cattle was being produced and sold on a massive scale around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res393881578\" class=\"bucketwrap image large\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"imagewrap\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"img alignnone\" src=\"http://media.npr.org/assets/img/2015/03/18/insulin-production_sq-26b52a203998117570dac24e7cd8e9d122a61561-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Acids, alcohol and pancreatic tissue were separated, bathed and mixed in this laboratory of a 1946 insulin factory in Bielefeld, Germany.\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\">\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"credit-caption\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"caption\">\n\u003cp>Acids, alcohol and pancreatic tissue were separated, bathed and mixed in this laboratory of a 1946 insulin factory in Bielefeld, Germany.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"credit\">Chris Ware/Getty Images\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But for some, the early forms of the medicine weren't ideal. Many people required multiple injections every day, and some developed minor allergic reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next few decades, scientists figured out how to produce higher-quality insulin, Greene says. They made the drug purer, so recipients had fewer bad reactions. They also made the substance able to last longer in the bloodstream, which led to more stable blood sugar levels and less frequent injections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of these innovations helped to make insulin a little bit safer, a little bit more effective,\" Greene says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in the 1970s, scientists developed a new technique they could use for insulin production, called recombinant DNA technology. It involves putting the human gene for insulin into bacteria, which then produce large quantities of the hormone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, a funny thing happened, Greene says: \"The older [animal] insulin, rather than remaining around on the market as a cheaper, older alternative, disappeared from the market.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene says there's no one reason that companies stopped producing the older animal versions, but they clearly felt it would not be profitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/gim/clinical/gss/Riggs.html\">Dr. Kevin Riggs\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine at Johns Hopkins and co-author of the new insulin study, says the newer, recombinant version of insulin may have had some advantages in terms of convenience and fewer side effects. But there was probably something else at work — doctors being influenced by marketing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that made the new form of insulin, called Humulin, launched a large marketing effort aimed at doctors and patients shortly after its release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But newer drugs aren't\u003cem> \u003c/em>always better, says \u003ca href=\"http://explore.georgetown.edu/people/ajf29/\">Dr. Adriane Fugh-Berman\u003c/a>, a professor of medicine and pharmacology at Georgetown University. That's partly because drug companies don't have to prove that a new drug is better than what is already on the market — they just have to prove that it's not worse.\"In government-funded studies that have compared older drugs to newer drugs, often older drugs come out looking better or equal to newer drugs,\" Fugh-Berman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, some patients have found that animal-derived forms of insulin work better for them, she says. They cause less variability in blood sugar, and fewer episodes of hypoglycemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while those older kinds of insulin are not available in the U.S., they are available elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Canada, there actually is still an animal-derived insulin on the market, and that was really due to the efforts of consumer advocates,\" Fugh-Berman says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the older versions have vanished in the U.S., newer versions have stayed expensive. The drug can cost up to $400 a month. Because of that high cost, many of the estimated 29 million people living with diabetes in the U.S. can't afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some industry analysts expect insulin costs to fall in the future. That's because the most recent insulin patents have expired, paving the way to more competition. The FDA has also decided to allow \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/10/388668910/fda-decision-signals-new-competition-for-some-of-the-costliest-drugs\">biosimilar\u003c/a> versions of insulin onto the market. These are substances that act in a similar way to existing forms, but are not necessarily identical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But there's concern that the cost savings [with biosimilar insulin] will be nowhere near as robust as they have been with [other types of] generic drugs,\" Greene says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than reducing costs by 80 percent, as many generics have done, they might reduce costs by 40 percent,\" Riggs says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene says the point of their recent study about insulin costs isn't to simply blame the drug industry. \"We do not believe that there is a conspiracy to keep insulin expensive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, he says, incremental improvements in the drug — and the disappearance of older versions, which aren't as profitable — are more likely explanations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greene says innovations in insulin over the past 90 years have been significant. But, he says, it's important to ask this question: \"Do these innovations merit the loss of affordable insulin?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients at his clinic who can't afford insulin, Greene says, the answer is clear. A more affordable version is needed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/24623/why-insulin-is-so-expensive-in-the-u-s",
"authors": [
"8344"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_13"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_118",
"stateofhealth_461"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_24625",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_24448": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_24448",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "24448",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1426265888000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1426265888,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Will the HIV-Prevention Pill Protect Teens or Encourage Risky Behavior?",
"title": "Will the HIV-Prevention Pill Protect Teens or Encourage Risky Behavior?",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-7357\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-620x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Justin Sullivan: Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Justin Sullivan: Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rafael Johns\u003c/strong>, \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/11/392362374/would-a-pill-to-protect-teens-from-hiv-make-them-feel-invincible\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/11/392362374/would-a-pill-to-protect-teens-from-hiv-make-them-feel-invincible\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Radio via NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leon Richardson is 18 years old and tall, charismatic and thoughtful about his sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He understands that as a young, gay black man, he is in the demographic with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/age/youth/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">highest rate of HIV infections\u003c/a> in the country. But when Richardson learned that he could be part of an HIV prevention pill research study for young people, he was skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared. I had to really think about it, 'What is this drug going to do to me?' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regimen, called pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, can reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 85 percent when a pill called Truvada is taken daily. In a first, the Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/07/16/156850747/fda-approves-first-drug-to-prevent-hiv-infection\" target=\"_blank\">approved Truvada for prevention of the infection\u003c/a> in 2012. Truvada had been used previously to treat HIV infection.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends caution when prescribing PrEP to adolescents. CDC is waiting for final results from the trials being conducted on young people in cities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Richardson's mom stoked his concerns. \"She was saying the medical industry tried to sterilize some people; they were trying to do it again,\" he remembers. But he found encouragement from another family member: his grandfather, who is HIV-positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had a long discussion about this drug and what the side effects\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>could be, and he overall supported me totally,\" Richardson says. \"And it was kinda like, why not? Let me just try it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Richardson is part of \u003ca title=\"CRUSH\" href=\"http://www.crush510.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CRUSH\u003c/a>, an HIV-prevention project in Oakland. CRUSH offers PrEP to participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Zeh is part of a PrEP study being conducted by the \u003ca title=\"Adolescent Trials Network\" href=\"https://www.atnonline.org/public/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Adolescent Trials Network\u003c/a> with young people between the ages of 15 and 22, based at John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital in Chicago. He was 17 when he started taking the pill as part of a daily regimen that was sometimes hard to explain, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I guess it was kind of weird during high school, popping it before lunch, trying to make sure nobody sees,\" Zeh chuckles. \"People are like, 'What are you taking?' 'Nothing, you know, just a sugar pill.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeh first heard about the Stroger Hospital study on Facebook. Outreach coordinators also turned to gay hook-up apps, like Grindr and Jack'd, to recruit possible subjects. It's a clever strategy, even if it's awkward to run into a researcher when you're looking for a date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologist Sybil Hosek, the lead researcher for the study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, offered to pay participants $50 per visit to the clinic. When enough guys said yes, she got to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we wanted to do was design a study where they could try to take this pill every day,\" Hosek explains. \"And see whether, one, they were interested in taking it; two, if it was hard for them to take it; and three, how it impacted their sexual behavior.\" For instance, would being on the pill encourage more risky sexual activity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a conference room at the hospital, a group of the guys in the study share stories about what it's like to be on PrEP. Dexter Canty is also enrolled in the Chicago PrEP study, and says people have a lot of misunderstandings about the pill and individuals who take it. They're often asked, \"Are you HIV positive?\" But, in fact, they're taking the drug to \u003cem>prevent\u003c/em> getting infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canty compares the reactions he's experienced to people's perceptions when he goes to the drugstore to buy condoms or when a woman goes to Planned Parenthood and gets birth control. \"You're automatically looked at as being promiscuous instead of safe,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that PrEP would be used in combination with condoms. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/07/19/332708119/as-new-york-embraces-hiv-preventing-pill-some-voice-doubts\" target=\"_blank\">critics worry\u003c/a> that the pill will make users feel invincible, increasing the likelihood that they won't use condoms or follow through on taking the pill every day. And when you miss doses, the pill becomes less effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Weinstein, president of the Los Angeles-based AIDS Healthcare Foundation, is against PrEP use, especially by young people. \"Young people have unstable lives. They're sleeping on someone's couch. They're out for the weekend,\" he says. \"That's not to stigmatize them, it's just the nature of youth. It's a carefree time. Expecting people to take a pill every day is not realistic,\" says Weinstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's enticing to imagine a magic pill that could bring about the end of AIDS. But a recent study of young adults taking PrEP shows that they take it, at best, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3656981/\" target=\"_blank\">60 percent of the time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://youthradio.org/news/desk/outloud/\" target=\"_blank\">outLoud\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem>, a project of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthradio.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "24448 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=24448",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/13/will-the-hiv-prevention-pill-protect-teens-or-encourage-risky-behavior/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 817,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 22
},
"modified": 1426616338,
"excerpt": "Oakland program is part of national study looking at Truvada to protect at-risk teens.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Oakland program is part of national study looking at Truvada to protect at-risk teens.",
"title": "Will the HIV-Prevention Pill Protect Teens or Encourage Risky Behavior? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Will the HIV-Prevention Pill Protect Teens or Encourage Risky Behavior?",
"datePublished": "2015-03-13T09:58:08-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-03-17T11:18:58-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "will-the-hiv-prevention-pill-protect-teens-or-encourage-risky-behavior",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/24448/will-the-hiv-prevention-pill-protect-teens-or-encourage-risky-behavior",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_7357\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 620px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-e1426265162534.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-7357\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2012/07/TruvadaBottle_05102012_JustinSullivan_GettyImages-620x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Justin Sullivan: Getty Images)\" width=\"620\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Justin Sullivan: Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rafael Johns\u003c/strong>, \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/11/392362374/would-a-pill-to-protect-teens-from-hiv-make-them-feel-invincible\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/03/11/392362374/would-a-pill-to-protect-teens-from-hiv-make-them-feel-invincible\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Radio via NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leon Richardson is 18 years old and tall, charismatic and thoughtful about his sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He understands that as a young, gay black man, he is in the demographic with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/risk/age/youth/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">highest rate of HIV infections\u003c/a> in the country. But when Richardson learned that he could be part of an HIV prevention pill research study for young people, he was skeptical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was scared. I had to really think about it, 'What is this drug going to do to me?' \" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regimen, called pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP, can reduce the risk of HIV infection by more than 85 percent when a pill called Truvada is taken daily. In a first, the Food and Drug Administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/07/16/156850747/fda-approves-first-drug-to-prevent-hiv-infection\" target=\"_blank\">approved Truvada for prevention of the infection\u003c/a> in 2012. Truvada had been used previously to treat HIV infection.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends caution when prescribing PrEP to adolescents. CDC is waiting for final results from the trials being conducted on young people in cities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Richardson's mom stoked his concerns. \"She was saying the medical industry tried to sterilize some people; they were trying to do it again,\" he remembers. But he found encouragement from another family member: his grandfather, who is HIV-positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had a long discussion about this drug and what the side effects\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>could be, and he overall supported me totally,\" Richardson says. \"And it was kinda like, why not? Let me just try it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Richardson is part of \u003ca title=\"CRUSH\" href=\"http://www.crush510.org/\" target=\"_blank\">CRUSH\u003c/a>, an HIV-prevention project in Oakland. CRUSH offers PrEP to participants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Zeh is part of a PrEP study being conducted by the \u003ca title=\"Adolescent Trials Network\" href=\"https://www.atnonline.org/public/default.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Adolescent Trials Network\u003c/a> with young people between the ages of 15 and 22, based at John H. Stroger Jr. Hospital in Chicago. He was 17 when he started taking the pill as part of a daily regimen that was sometimes hard to explain, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I guess it was kind of weird during high school, popping it before lunch, trying to make sure nobody sees,\" Zeh chuckles. \"People are like, 'What are you taking?' 'Nothing, you know, just a sugar pill.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zeh first heard about the Stroger Hospital study on Facebook. Outreach coordinators also turned to gay hook-up apps, like Grindr and Jack'd, to recruit possible subjects. It's a clever strategy, even if it's awkward to run into a researcher when you're looking for a date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologist Sybil Hosek, the lead researcher for the study, funded by the National Institutes of Health, offered to pay participants $50 per visit to the clinic. When enough guys said yes, she got to work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we wanted to do was design a study where they could try to take this pill every day,\" Hosek explains. \"And see whether, one, they were interested in taking it; two, if it was hard for them to take it; and three, how it impacted their sexual behavior.\" For instance, would being on the pill encourage more risky sexual activity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside a conference room at the hospital, a group of the guys in the study share stories about what it's like to be on PrEP. Dexter Canty is also enrolled in the Chicago PrEP study, and says people have a lot of misunderstandings about the pill and individuals who take it. They're often asked, \"Are you HIV positive?\" But, in fact, they're taking the drug to \u003cem>prevent\u003c/em> getting infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canty compares the reactions he's experienced to people's perceptions when he goes to the drugstore to buy condoms or when a woman goes to Planned Parenthood and gets birth control. \"You're automatically looked at as being promiscuous instead of safe,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is that PrEP would be used in combination with condoms. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/07/19/332708119/as-new-york-embraces-hiv-preventing-pill-some-voice-doubts\" target=\"_blank\">critics worry\u003c/a> that the pill will make users feel invincible, increasing the likelihood that they won't use condoms or follow through on taking the pill every day. And when you miss doses, the pill becomes less effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Weinstein, president of the Los Angeles-based AIDS Healthcare Foundation, is against PrEP use, especially by young people. \"Young people have unstable lives. They're sleeping on someone's couch. They're out for the weekend,\" he says. \"That's not to stigmatize them, it's just the nature of youth. It's a carefree time. Expecting people to take a pill every day is not realistic,\" says Weinstein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's enticing to imagine a magic pill that could bring about the end of AIDS. But a recent study of young adults taking PrEP shows that they take it, at best, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3656981/\" target=\"_blank\">60 percent of the time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://youthradio.org/news/desk/outloud/\" target=\"_blank\">outLoud\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cem>, a project of \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthradio.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Youth Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/24448/will-the-hiv-prevention-pill-protect-teens-or-encourage-risky-behavior",
"authors": [
"8344"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11",
"stateofhealth_13"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_64",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_320"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_7357",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_24408": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_24408",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "24408",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1426098980000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1426098980,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Industry Reaction to 'Sugar Papers' Mirrors Tobacco in 1990s",
"title": "Industry Reaction to 'Sugar Papers' Mirrors Tobacco in 1990s",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24413\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sugar industry worked to steer federal health research,\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/\" target=\"_blank\"> a report\u003c/a> released Monday revealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health reported\u003c/a>, newly uncovered industry documents dating to the1960s showed that the sugar industry influenced the National Institute of Dental Research, part of the National Institutes of Health, away from looking at research to determine strategies to encourage people to eat less sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this shows is that sugar interests were running science manipulation in as sophisticated a manner as ‘big tobacco’ was back in the '50s and '60s,” said UCSF Professor Stan Glantz, a co-author of the study and longtime anti-tobacco advocate.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier today, Glantz sent me a short but pointed follow that he posted on the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control, Research and Education website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He excerpted from the statement the Sugar Association gave to Time Magazine and \u003ca title=\"http://tobacco.ucsf.edu/“sugar-papers”-reveal-industry-role-1970s-nih-dental-program-just-big-tobacco#comment-10491\" href=\"http://tobacco.ucsf.edu/%E2%80%9Csugar-papers%E2%80%9D-reveal-industry-role-1970s-nih-dental-program-just-big-tobacco#comment-10491\" target=\"_blank\">then drew a comparison\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It is challenging for the current Sugar Association staff to comment directly on documents and events that allegedly occurred before and during Richard Nixon’s presidency, given the staff has changed entirely since the 1970s. However, we are confused as to the relevance of attempts to dredge up history when decades of modern science has provided answers regarding the role of diet in the pathogenesis of dental caries… A combined approach of reducing the amount of time sugars and starches are in the mouth, drinking fluoridated water, and brushing and flossing teeth, is the most effective way to reduce dental caries. [Time shortened the statement for brevity]\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In his post, Glantz then noted: \"This sounds simliar to the statement from Brown and Williamson Tobacco put out in 1995 in response to \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=glantz%20hanauer&holding=ucsflib&otool=cdlotool&cmd=search\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=glantz%20hanauer&holding=ucsflib&otool=cdlotool&cmd=search\" target=\"_blank\">our first papers\u003c/a> based on tobacco industry documents:\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Lifting single phrases or sentences from 30 year-old documents and using that information to distort and misrepresent B&W's position on a number of issues is clearly what is occurring ... We continue to believe that nicotine is not addictive because over 40 million Americans have quit smoking, 90 percent of them without any help at all.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "24408 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=24408",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/11/industry-reaction-to-sugar-papers-mirrors-tobacco-in-1990s/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 351,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 10
},
"modified": 1426118533,
"excerpt": "Read short statements from the Sugar Association and a tobacco company to see how they compare.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Read short statements from the Sugar Association and a tobacco company to see how they compare.",
"title": "Industry Reaction to 'Sugar Papers' Mirrors Tobacco in 1990s | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Industry Reaction to 'Sugar Papers' Mirrors Tobacco in 1990s",
"datePublished": "2015-03-11T11:36:20-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-03-11T17:02:13-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "industry-reaction-to-sugar-papers-mirrors-tobacco-in-1990s",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/24408/industry-reaction-to-sugar-papers-mirrors-tobacco-in-1990s",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24413\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-e1426098852266.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24413\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000031838146_Large-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The sugar industry worked to steer federal health research,\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/\" target=\"_blank\"> a report\u003c/a> released Monday revealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/\" target=\"_blank\">State of Health reported\u003c/a>, newly uncovered industry documents dating to the1960s showed that the sugar industry influenced the National Institute of Dental Research, part of the National Institutes of Health, away from looking at research to determine strategies to encourage people to eat less sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What this shows is that sugar interests were running science manipulation in as sophisticated a manner as ‘big tobacco’ was back in the '50s and '60s,” said UCSF Professor Stan Glantz, a co-author of the study and longtime anti-tobacco advocate.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier today, Glantz sent me a short but pointed follow that he posted on the UCSF Center for Tobacco Control, Research and Education website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He excerpted from the statement the Sugar Association gave to Time Magazine and \u003ca title=\"http://tobacco.ucsf.edu/“sugar-papers”-reveal-industry-role-1970s-nih-dental-program-just-big-tobacco#comment-10491\" href=\"http://tobacco.ucsf.edu/%E2%80%9Csugar-papers%E2%80%9D-reveal-industry-role-1970s-nih-dental-program-just-big-tobacco#comment-10491\" target=\"_blank\">then drew a comparison\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It is challenging for the current Sugar Association staff to comment directly on documents and events that allegedly occurred before and during Richard Nixon’s presidency, given the staff has changed entirely since the 1970s. However, we are confused as to the relevance of attempts to dredge up history when decades of modern science has provided answers regarding the role of diet in the pathogenesis of dental caries… A combined approach of reducing the amount of time sugars and starches are in the mouth, drinking fluoridated water, and brushing and flossing teeth, is the most effective way to reduce dental caries. [Time shortened the statement for brevity]\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In his post, Glantz then noted: \"This sounds simliar to the statement from Brown and Williamson Tobacco put out in 1995 in response to \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=glantz%20hanauer&holding=ucsflib&otool=cdlotool&cmd=search\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=glantz%20hanauer&holding=ucsflib&otool=cdlotool&cmd=search\" target=\"_blank\">our first papers\u003c/a> based on tobacco industry documents:\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Lifting single phrases or sentences from 30 year-old documents and using that information to distort and misrepresent B&W's position on a number of issues is clearly what is occurring ... We continue to believe that nicotine is not addictive because over 40 million Americans have quit smoking, 90 percent of them without any help at all.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/24408/industry-reaction-to-sugar-papers-mirrors-tobacco-in-1990s",
"authors": [
"240"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_161",
"stateofhealth_127"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_24413",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_24387": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_24387",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "24387",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1426011512000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1426011512,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "'Sugar Papers' Show Industry's Influence in 1970s Dental Program, Study Says",
"title": "'Sugar Papers' Show Industry's Influence in 1970s Dental Program, Study Says",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24394\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of pages of newly-found documents show that the sugar industry worked closely with the federal government in the late 1960s and early 1970s to determine a research agenda to prevent cavities in children, researchers who analyzed the documents say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"The sugar industry … is following the tobacco industry's playbook.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca title=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001798\" href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001798\" target=\"_blank\">the analysis\u003c/a>, published Wednesday in the journal PLOS Medicine, researchers concluded that industry influence starting in the late 1960s helped steer the National Institute of Dental Research, part of the National Institutes of Health, away from addressing the question of determining a safe level of sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What this paper has shown is that our (NIH) was working toward potentially answering that question,\" said Cristin Kearns, a fellow at UC San Francisco and lead author of the analysis, \"and the sugar industry derailed them from doing the research to help to answer that question, so we're still debating (it) here in 2015.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kearns uncovered the 1,551 pages of documents at a public archive at the University of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents show that an expert panel formed by the sugar industry included all but one member of the government panel that was examining priorities for research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, a report from the industry was submitted to the government panel and became the foundation for research going forward. \"Seventy-eight percent of the sugar industry submission was incorporated into the NIDR’s call for research applications. Research that could have been harmful to sugar industry interests was omitted,\" the authors note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What this shows is that sugar interests were running science manipulation in as sophisticated a manner as 'big tobacco' was back in the 50s and 60s,\" said UCSF Professor Stan Glantz, a co-author of the study and long time anti-tobacco advocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marion Nestle, professor nutrition of New York University was not involved in the analysis, which she called \"incredibly revealing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper \"makes it clear that the sugar industry systematically and deliberately adopted strategies to make sure that federal research agencies did not urge the public to cut down on sugar intake as a means to prevent tooth decay,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can attest that the sugar industry is especially aggressive in defending itself against any suggestion to eat less and is following the tobacco industry's playbook.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the Sugar Association said it \"\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">questions the relevance of attempts to dredge up history when decades of modern science has provided answers regarding the role of diet in the pathogenesis of dental caries.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement also says that the authors' \"use of attention-grabbing headlines and scare tactics that liken consumption of all-natural sugar ... to a known carcinogen is a 'textbook' play from the activist agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors admit their analysis is limited because it \"provides a narrow window into the activities of just one sugar industry trade association\" and that they could not \"interview key actors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long Hunt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cristin Kearns found the papers after a long hunt. In 2007, she says, while attending a conference, she was handed a government pamphlet titled, \"How to Talk to Patients About Diabetes.\" She was startled that the diet advice didn't mention reducing sugar intake. It made her wonder if the sugar industry \"somehow impacted what the government can or cannot say about diet advice for diabetics?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started searching online and, ultimately \u003ca title=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2012/10/former-dentist-sugar-industry-lies\" href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2012/10/former-dentist-sugar-industry-lies\" target=\"_blank\">quit her day job\u003c/a>. After months of looking, she uncovered some documents and ultimately identified the documents discussed in the analysis today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kearns says there are more documents to be found, \"just need time and money to do it.\" And, with an eye toward the history of tobacco litigation, she believes litigation is \"certainly a possibility\" in this case as well. \"We've only just begun to scratch the surface of understanding some of the tactics the sugar groups have implemented.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "24387 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=24387",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/03/10/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 646,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1426110985,
"excerpt": "UCSF researchers liken sugar industry strategies to those used by tobacco companies. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "UCSF researchers liken sugar industry strategies to those used by tobacco companies. ",
"title": "'Sugar Papers' Show Industry's Influence in 1970s Dental Program, Study Says | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "'Sugar Papers' Show Industry's Influence in 1970s Dental Program, Study Says",
"datePublished": "2015-03-10T11:18:32-07:00",
"dateModified": "2015-03-11T14:56:25-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/24387/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-e1426011478306.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-24394\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/03/iStock_000015590176_Large-21-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of pages of newly-found documents show that the sugar industry worked closely with the federal government in the late 1960s and early 1970s to determine a research agenda to prevent cavities in children, researchers who analyzed the documents say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"The sugar industry … is following the tobacco industry's playbook.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca title=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001798\" href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001798\" target=\"_blank\">the analysis\u003c/a>, published Wednesday in the journal PLOS Medicine, researchers concluded that industry influence starting in the late 1960s helped steer the National Institute of Dental Research, part of the National Institutes of Health, away from addressing the question of determining a safe level of sugar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What this paper has shown is that our (NIH) was working toward potentially answering that question,\" said Cristin Kearns, a fellow at UC San Francisco and lead author of the analysis, \"and the sugar industry derailed them from doing the research to help to answer that question, so we're still debating (it) here in 2015.\"\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kearns uncovered the 1,551 pages of documents at a public archive at the University of Illinois.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents show that an expert panel formed by the sugar industry included all but one member of the government panel that was examining priorities for research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, a report from the industry was submitted to the government panel and became the foundation for research going forward. \"Seventy-eight percent of the sugar industry submission was incorporated into the NIDR’s call for research applications. Research that could have been harmful to sugar industry interests was omitted,\" the authors note.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What this shows is that sugar interests were running science manipulation in as sophisticated a manner as 'big tobacco' was back in the 50s and 60s,\" said UCSF Professor Stan Glantz, a co-author of the study and long time anti-tobacco advocate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marion Nestle, professor nutrition of New York University was not involved in the analysis, which she called \"incredibly revealing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper \"makes it clear that the sugar industry systematically and deliberately adopted strategies to make sure that federal research agencies did not urge the public to cut down on sugar intake as a means to prevent tooth decay,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can attest that the sugar industry is especially aggressive in defending itself against any suggestion to eat less and is following the tobacco industry's playbook.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the Sugar Association said it \"\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">questions the relevance of attempts to dredge up history when decades of modern science has provided answers regarding the role of diet in the pathogenesis of dental caries.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement also says that the authors' \"use of attention-grabbing headlines and scare tactics that liken consumption of all-natural sugar ... to a known carcinogen is a 'textbook' play from the activist agenda.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors admit their analysis is limited because it \"provides a narrow window into the activities of just one sugar industry trade association\" and that they could not \"interview key actors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Long Hunt\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cristin Kearns found the papers after a long hunt. In 2007, she says, while attending a conference, she was handed a government pamphlet titled, \"How to Talk to Patients About Diabetes.\" She was startled that the diet advice didn't mention reducing sugar intake. It made her wonder if the sugar industry \"somehow impacted what the government can or cannot say about diet advice for diabetics?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She started searching online and, ultimately \u003ca title=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2012/10/former-dentist-sugar-industry-lies\" href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/environment/2012/10/former-dentist-sugar-industry-lies\" target=\"_blank\">quit her day job\u003c/a>. After months of looking, she uncovered some documents and ultimately identified the documents discussed in the analysis today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kearns says there are more documents to be found, \"just need time and money to do it.\" And, with an eye toward the history of tobacco litigation, she believes litigation is \"certainly a possibility\" in this case as well. \"We've only just begun to scratch the surface of understanding some of the tactics the sugar groups have implemented.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/24387/sugar-papers-show-industrys-influence-in-1970s-dental-program-study-says",
"authors": [
"240"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11",
"stateofhealth_14"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_161"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_24394",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_23986": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_23986",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23986",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424826422000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424826422,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Beyond Abolishing the 'Personal Belief Exemption' To Raise Vaccination Rates",
"title": "Beyond Abolishing the 'Personal Belief Exemption' To Raise Vaccination Rates",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15266\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday in Sacramento, a MoveOn.org member is expected to \u003ca title=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" href=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" target=\"_blank\">deliver a petition \u003c/a>with 21,000 signatures calling on the state's government to abolish the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counter-productive backlash.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She will be holding a press conference with Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), who announced a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">bill earlier this mont\u003c/a>h to do just that. When he made the announcement, Pan repeatedly spoke of wanting to increase vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds so good: Just wipe out the option to refuse vaccines, and vaccination rates will improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is abolishing the personal belief exemption -- a choice that permits parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated -- the best way to accomplish that goal?\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counterproductive backlash,\" Professor Brendan Nyhan told me in an interview. He's a political scientist at Dartmouth whose research focuses on misperceptions in politics and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to imagine that people who are ardently opposed to vaccinating their children are also going to be ardently opposed to a law that removes their personal choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tightening Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than eliminating choice,\" Nyhan says, \"we alter the administrative procedures to reflect the cost that going unvaccinated affects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those administrative procedures have to do with tightening the rules around how people can obtain an exemption from vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backing up for a moment, \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California is one of 20 states\u003c/a> that permits a philosophical exemption from vaccines. In addition, all states, except two, permit a religious exemption. Only West Virginia and Mississippi require all children to be vaccinated, except those who cannot be immunized for a medical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this school year, it was easier in California to opt out of vaccines than it was to vaccinate your children. While it's state law that all kindergartners be vaccinated to attend any school statewide -- public, private or religious -- parents could opt out simply by writing a short statement declaring that they opposed vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this school year, parents now must meet first with a health care provider, who must attest that the parents have been provided with information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable illness. Right away, the rate of personal belief exemptions \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">dropped by 19 percent statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The educational requirement can be a significant step in getting people to choose to have their children vaccinated,\" Ross Silverman, a professor of public health law at Indiana University, told me. \"The decision to have these exemptions at all is a purely political one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While public health agencies have the power to require vaccination, he said, \"you want to strike the balance with protecting the public's health against being seen as too forceful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca title=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" href=\"//jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" target=\"_blank\">wrote recently in JAMA\u003c/a> about different legislative tools to limit non-medical vaccine exemptions, including options that California has not pursued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The state with the best \"evidence-driven structure\" for a philosophical exemption, Silverman said, is Arkansas, which has all three policies above in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arkansas' exemption rate in the 2013-2014 school year was 1.2 percent, versus California's 3.3 percent that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oregon has only a religious exemption, and its rate in 2013-2014 was 7.1 percent. That's among the highest exemption rates in the country, Silverman says, \"and they don't even have a philosophical exemption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to strict rules about obtaining an exemption, the other opportunity to increase vaccination has to do with messaging around vaccines. Simply spreading straightforward public health information is not effective -- and may even be counterproductive -- for some people already hesitant about vaccines, Nyhan reported in \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" target=\"_blank\">a famous study last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he recommends other approaches to improving vaccination rates. He cited a campaign in a community in Western Australia that focuses on values, not science, shared by community members. \u003ca title=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" href=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" target=\"_blank\">One photo shows a dad, \"Andrew,\"\u003c/a> carrying a baby in a sling, with the message \"I use cloth nappies, I eat whole foods, and I immunise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a powerful message, and it \"communicate(s) that you share the values and backgrounds of the people exempting,\" Nyhan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">also worries \u003c/a>that the media focus on people who refuse vaccines may create a false impression that those views are mainstream. Even in California, measles outbreak and all, only 2.5 percent of kindergartners this year had a non-medical exemption. Put a different way, more than 97 percent of California parents vaccinate their kids.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23986 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23986",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/24/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 824,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1424914787,
"excerpt": null,
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "On Wednesday in Sacramento, a MoveOn.org member is expected to deliver a petition with 21,000 signatures calling on the state's government to abolish the personal belief exemption. "Focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counter-productive backlash." She will be holding a press conference with Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), who announced a bill earlier this month to",
"title": "Beyond Abolishing the 'Personal Belief Exemption' To Raise Vaccination Rates | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Beyond Abolishing the 'Personal Belief Exemption' To Raise Vaccination Rates",
"datePublished": "2015-02-24T17:07:02-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-02-25T17:39:47-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/23986/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_15266\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-e1380559925587.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-15266\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2013/09/149948672-640x452.jpg\" alt=\"Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students leaving a vaccine clinic after being vaccinated against whooping cough at a middle school in Los Angeles. (Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday in Sacramento, a MoveOn.org member is expected to \u003ca title=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" href=\"http://petitions.moveon.org/sign/make-vaccines-mandatory\" target=\"_blank\">deliver a petition \u003c/a>with 21,000 signatures calling on the state's government to abolish the personal belief exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counter-productive backlash.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She will be holding a press conference with Sen. Richard Pan (D-Sacramento), who announced a \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/\" target=\"_blank\">bill earlier this mont\u003c/a>h to do just that. When he made the announcement, Pan repeatedly spoke of wanting to increase vaccination rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It sounds so good: Just wipe out the option to refuse vaccines, and vaccination rates will improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is abolishing the personal belief exemption -- a choice that permits parents to lawfully send their children to school unvaccinated -- the best way to accomplish that goal?\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think focusing on the parental-choice issue risks provoking a counterproductive backlash,\" Professor Brendan Nyhan told me in an interview. He's a political scientist at Dartmouth whose research focuses on misperceptions in politics and health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's pretty easy to imagine that people who are ardently opposed to vaccinating their children are also going to be ardently opposed to a law that removes their personal choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tightening Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than eliminating choice,\" Nyhan says, \"we alter the administrative procedures to reflect the cost that going unvaccinated affects the community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those administrative procedures have to do with tightening the rules around how people can obtain an exemption from vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backing up for a moment, \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/health/school-immunization-exemption-state-laws.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">California is one of 20 states\u003c/a> that permits a philosophical exemption from vaccines. In addition, all states, except two, permit a religious exemption. Only West Virginia and Mississippi require all children to be vaccinated, except those who cannot be immunized for a medical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until this school year, it was easier in California to opt out of vaccines than it was to vaccinate your children. While it's state law that all kindergartners be vaccinated to attend any school statewide -- public, private or religious -- parents could opt out simply by writing a short statement declaring that they opposed vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this school year, parents now must meet first with a health care provider, who must attest that the parents have been provided with information about vaccines and vaccine-preventable illness. Right away, the rate of personal belief exemptions \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/\" target=\"_blank\">dropped by 19 percent statewide\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The educational requirement can be a significant step in getting people to choose to have their children vaccinated,\" Ross Silverman, a professor of public health law at Indiana University, told me. \"The decision to have these exemptions at all is a purely political one.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While public health agencies have the power to require vaccination, he said, \"you want to strike the balance with protecting the public's health against being seen as too forceful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca title=\"http://jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" href=\"//jama.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2091313\" target=\"_blank\">wrote recently in JAMA\u003c/a> about different legislative tools to limit non-medical vaccine exemptions, including options that California has not pursued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Requiring annual renewal of the personal belief exemption. Right now, parents need only file at kindergarten and seventh grade\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require notarization to file the personal belief exemption form\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For religious exemptions, require a religious leader within the organization to submit a letter on your behalf\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The state with the best \"evidence-driven structure\" for a philosophical exemption, Silverman said, is Arkansas, which has all three policies above in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arkansas' exemption rate in the 2013-2014 school year was 1.2 percent, versus California's 3.3 percent that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Oregon has only a religious exemption, and its rate in 2013-2014 was 7.1 percent. That's among the highest exemption rates in the country, Silverman says, \"and they don't even have a philosophical exemption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to strict rules about obtaining an exemption, the other opportunity to increase vaccination has to do with messaging around vaccines. Simply spreading straightforward public health information is not effective -- and may even be counterproductive -- for some people already hesitant about vaccines, Nyhan reported in \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/09/upshot/vaccine-opponents-can-be-immune-to-education.html\" target=\"_blank\">a famous study last year\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he recommends other approaches to improving vaccination rates. He cited a campaign in a community in Western Australia that focuses on values, not science, shared by community members. \u003ca title=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" href=\"http://immunise.org.au/andrew/\" target=\"_blank\">One photo shows a dad, \"Andrew,\"\u003c/a> carrying a baby in a sling, with the message \"I use cloth nappies, I eat whole foods, and I immunise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a powerful message, and it \"communicate(s) that you share the values and backgrounds of the people exempting,\" Nyhan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nyhan \u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/03/upshot/spreading-along-with-measles-polarization-on-a-hot-button-issue.html?rref=upshot&abt=0002&abg=1\" target=\"_blank\">also worries \u003c/a>that the media focus on people who refuse vaccines may create a false impression that those views are mainstream. Even in California, measles outbreak and all, only 2.5 percent of kindergartners this year had a non-medical exemption. Put a different way, more than 97 percent of California parents vaccinate their kids.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/23986/beyond-abolishing-the-personal-belief-exemption-to-raise-vaccination-rates",
"authors": [
"240"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_618",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_725"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_15266",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_23977": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_23977",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23977",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424720800000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424720800,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Is Your Dishwasher Increasing Your Child's Allergy Risk?",
"title": "Is Your Dishwasher Increasing Your Child's Allergy Risk?",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23978\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23978\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rob Stein,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/23/387553285/kids-allergies-and-a-possible-downside-to-squeaky-clean-dishes\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/23/387553285/kids-allergies-and-a-possible-downside-to-squeaky-clean-dishes\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could using a dishwashing machine increase the chances your child will develop allergies? That's what some provocative new research suggests — but don't rip out your machine just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2015/02/17/peds.2014-2968.full.pdf+html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> involved 1,029 Swedish children (ages 7 or 8) and found that those whose parents said they mostly wash the family's dishes by hand were significantly less likely to develop eczema, and somewhat less likely to develop allergic asthma and hay fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it is very interesting that with a very common lifestyle factor like dishwashing, we could see effects on allergy development,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.gu.se/english/about_the_university/staff/?languageId=100001&userId=xhesbi&userName=Bill+Hesselmar\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Bill Hesselmar\u003c/a> of Sweden's University of Gothenburg, who led the study.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are the latest to support the \"hygiene hypothesis,\" a still-evolving proposition that's been gaining momentum in recent years. The hypothesis basically suggests that people in developed countries are growing up way too clean because of a variety of trends, including the use of hand sanitizers and detergents, and spending too little time around animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res387854830\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As a result, children don't tend to be exposed to as many bacteria and other microorganisms, and maybe that deprives their immune system of the chance to be trained to recognize microbial friend from foe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may make the immune system more likely to misfire and overreact in a way that leads to allergies, eczema and asthma, Hesselmar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his colleagues have been trying to figure out some of the simple day-to-day ways we might be too clean. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/06/180817114/parents-saliva-on-pacifiers-could-ward-off-babys-allergies\" target=\"_blank\">previous study\u003c/a> examined how parents cleaned off their children's pacifiers. In their latest research, the researchers took a look at how people wash their dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hypothesis was that these different dishwashing methods ... are not equally good in reducing bacteria from eating utensils and so on,\" Hesselmar says. \"So we thought that perhaps hand dishwashing was less effective, so that you are exposed to more bacteria\" in a way that's helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study released Monday in the online version of the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>, the researchers report what they found: In families who said they mostly wash dishes by hand, significantly fewer children had eczema, and somewhat fewer had either asthma or hay fever, compared to kids from families who let machines wash their dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers say the new study may be onto something, though it's still too soon to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res387852160\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's very intriguing and lends one more 'X' on the column for the hygiene hypothesis,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.gundersenhealth.org/physicians/Todd-Mahr\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Todd Mahr\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gundersenhealth.org/physicians/Todd-Mahr\">,\u003c/a> an allergist at the Gundersen Health System in La Crosse, Wis., and a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are other possible explanations, Hesselmar and Mahr both caution. Though the researchers took economic status into account in the study, it could be that people who don't have dishwashers are alike in some other way that reduces their tendency to get allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, for example, certain other lifestyle characteristics — eating fermented foods regularly, and tending to buy some foods straight from the farm — seemed to strengthen the \"protective\" effect in families without dishwashers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors say they're not ready to recommend that parents stop using the machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're looking at, 'We have only a certain amount of money, and we're looking at buying a dishwasher or spending it on something else,' this might give you an argument to say: 'Well, maybe spend it on something else,' \" Mahr says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he adds, \"I'm not convinced it's going to make that big a difference.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23977 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23977",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/23/is-your-dishwasher-increasing-your-childs-allergy-risk/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 611,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1424902829,
"excerpt": "Study finds kids who wash dishes by hand less likely to develop certain allergies. But there's more to the story.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Study finds kids who wash dishes by hand less likely to develop certain allergies. But there's more to the story.",
"title": "Is Your Dishwasher Increasing Your Child's Allergy Risk? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Is Your Dishwasher Increasing Your Child's Allergy Risk?",
"datePublished": "2015-02-23T11:46:40-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-02-25T14:20:29-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "is-your-dishwasher-increasing-your-childs-allergy-risk",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/23977/is-your-dishwasher-increasing-your-childs-allergy-risk",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23978\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-e1424720733978.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23978\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/iStock_000037223338_Medium-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Rob Stein,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/23/387553285/kids-allergies-and-a-possible-downside-to-squeaky-clean-dishes\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/23/387553285/kids-allergies-and-a-possible-downside-to-squeaky-clean-dishes\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could using a dishwashing machine increase the chances your child will develop allergies? That's what some provocative new research suggests — but don't rip out your machine just yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2015/02/17/peds.2014-2968.full.pdf+html\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> involved 1,029 Swedish children (ages 7 or 8) and found that those whose parents said they mostly wash the family's dishes by hand were significantly less likely to develop eczema, and somewhat less likely to develop allergic asthma and hay fever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it is very interesting that with a very common lifestyle factor like dishwashing, we could see effects on allergy development,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.gu.se/english/about_the_university/staff/?languageId=100001&userId=xhesbi&userName=Bill+Hesselmar\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Bill Hesselmar\u003c/a> of Sweden's University of Gothenburg, who led the study.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are the latest to support the \"hygiene hypothesis,\" a still-evolving proposition that's been gaining momentum in recent years. The hypothesis basically suggests that people in developed countries are growing up way too clean because of a variety of trends, including the use of hand sanitizers and detergents, and spending too little time around animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res387854830\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As a result, children don't tend to be exposed to as many bacteria and other microorganisms, and maybe that deprives their immune system of the chance to be trained to recognize microbial friend from foe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may make the immune system more likely to misfire and overreact in a way that leads to allergies, eczema and asthma, Hesselmar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his colleagues have been trying to figure out some of the simple day-to-day ways we might be too clean. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/05/06/180817114/parents-saliva-on-pacifiers-could-ward-off-babys-allergies\" target=\"_blank\">previous study\u003c/a> examined how parents cleaned off their children's pacifiers. In their latest research, the researchers took a look at how people wash their dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The hypothesis was that these different dishwashing methods ... are not equally good in reducing bacteria from eating utensils and so on,\" Hesselmar says. \"So we thought that perhaps hand dishwashing was less effective, so that you are exposed to more bacteria\" in a way that's helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a study released Monday in the online version of the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>, the researchers report what they found: In families who said they mostly wash dishes by hand, significantly fewer children had eczema, and somewhat fewer had either asthma or hay fever, compared to kids from families who let machines wash their dishes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other researchers say the new study may be onto something, though it's still too soon to tell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res387852160\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's very intriguing and lends one more 'X' on the column for the hygiene hypothesis,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.gundersenhealth.org/physicians/Todd-Mahr\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Todd Mahr\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.gundersenhealth.org/physicians/Todd-Mahr\">,\u003c/a> an allergist at the Gundersen Health System in La Crosse, Wis., and a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are other possible explanations, Hesselmar and Mahr both caution. Though the researchers took economic status into account in the study, it could be that people who don't have dishwashers are alike in some other way that reduces their tendency to get allergies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, for example, certain other lifestyle characteristics — eating fermented foods regularly, and tending to buy some foods straight from the farm — seemed to strengthen the \"protective\" effect in families without dishwashers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doctors say they're not ready to recommend that parents stop using the machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're looking at, 'We have only a certain amount of money, and we're looking at buying a dishwasher or spending it on something else,' this might give you an argument to say: 'Well, maybe spend it on something else,' \" Mahr says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he adds, \"I'm not convinced it's going to make that big a difference.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/23977/is-your-dishwasher-increasing-your-childs-allergy-risk",
"authors": [
"8344"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_12"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_96",
"stateofhealth_461"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_23978",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_23930": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_23930",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23930",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1424287574000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1424287574,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Getting Vaccinated Against Measles: What You Need to Know",
"title": "Getting Vaccinated Against Measles: What You Need to Know",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23940\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The measles outbreak that started in December has sickened 141 people in 17 states. California has the most cases by far: 113 as of last Friday with about half traced to Disneyland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials are urging anyone who is not immunized against measles to get vaccinated. To help people figure out whether they need to get vaccinated against measles or other diseases, I spoke with Dr. Roger Baxter, who co-directs Kaiser Permanente’s Vaccine Study Center in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First up, children.\u003c/strong> The \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child-easyread.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child-easyread.html\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control recommends two doses \u003c/a>of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>First dose at 12-15 months\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Second dose at 4-6 years\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I asked Dr. Baxter, why is a second shot needed?\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. In general, we really only care that adults have had one dose because in the vast majority of people, one dose is very effective. It's a really fantastic vaccine, and one dose protects people most of the time for life. But some people don't [mount an immune response] the first time, and that's what the second dose is all about. We think if you get two doses, that covers everybody. And since it’s the school-age kids who are most at risk, you need to get that second dose into the whole group of kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. Since the MMR contains a live version of the measles virus, some people wonder if you could be contagious right after you get a shot.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. It's an attenuated [weakened] live virus, so we're not really worried about it. You get an infection but it's not enough to make you contagious. It gives you a good immune response, but it doesn't cause a full-blown infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. If you're an adult who doesn't know your vaccination status, what should you do to ensure that you have immunity?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. If you were born in 1956 or earlier, then you're considered immune because everybody got measles back then. You don't need anything at all. It's important to let people know that. For other adults, most of them have had a vaccine, but it's a little complicated because there were a few years when the vaccine didn't work very well. (Editor's note: Between 1963, when the measles vaccine was released, and 1967 people received a killed vaccine that wasn’t as effective as the current live-virus vaccine.) So we didn't consider a person vaccinated until 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you don't remember if you've been vaccinated, you can just take another dose, that's fine. Some people want to get (a blood test) to see if they have antibodies. You can do that and see if you have antibodies before you get the shot. But the shot is very safe. Even if you've had it before and don't need it, it won't hurt you at all [to get an extra dose].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. A second dose of MMR was recommended in 1989 as a severe measles outbreak ultimately infected 55,000 people, including some vaccinated children. More than 120 people died. Was there a problem with the vaccine?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. No, it's actually a very effective vaccine but to achieve herd immunity, to knock a virus out of the community so it actually can't get into the community at all, you really have to achieve a very high level of protection. So let's say you give a vaccine and 10 percent of kids don't take on that first dose, it may seem like the virus went away for a while but then eventually as more kids come up that aren't immune, eventually you'll have enough kids that can create the potential for an outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. What about pregnant women?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: That’s a special group that can't be vaccinated for measles, because it’s a live vaccine. Not that we know it would cause a problem -- but just to be cautious. Two vaccines are recommended for pregnant women: flu and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis). They're both killed vaccines with no live components.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. What are the chances that a person vaccinated against measles or pertussis (also called whooping cough) can transmit the disease?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. We don't think that the vaccine creates a \"carrier state\" in people who have contact with a case. Not at all. We think they provide protection for themselves, their family, their community, for everybody. Each person provides a tiny amount of herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. Adults often don’t worry about getting vaccinated, because they think of measles, whooping cough and other vaccine-preventable diseases as childhood diseases. But aren’t some infectious diseases more dangerous for adults?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. You're probably thinking of chicken pox and that's true. There were worries when the childhood chicken pox vaccine came out that it would push the age of chicken pox to older children and adults, where the disease is much more virulent, but \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913796\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913796\" target=\"_blank\">we actually recently published\u003c/a> and showed that that didn't happen. It was such a good vaccine that it took away chicken pox for everybody, it had a big herd effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But yes, diseases in childhood can be worse in adults. Measles is not an easy event for anybody. A full-blown case of measles is a rough illness for anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. Are there any vaccines that seniors should make sure they get?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. They don't have to worry about measles at all. With the pertussis, they just have to be aware that they can get it, but pertussis is much more of a problem in infants, teens and family members. When it comes to the elderly, we're really talking about flu and pneumococcal and Zostavax (for shingles). The older they are the more likely they should get the high-dose flu shot. And the shingles vaccine is recommended at age 60 and above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. A \u003ca title=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/02/02/young-adults-more-likely-to-say-vaccinating-kids-should-be-a-parental-choice/\" href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/02/02/young-adults-more-likely-to-say-vaccinating-kids-should-be-a-parental-choice/\" target=\"_blank\">recent Pew study \u003c/a>found that over 40 percent of young adults, ages 18 to 29, think childhood vaccinations shouldn’t be required but should be up to parents. And a 2013 Harris Poll found that 61 percent of people think drug companies minimize vaccine risk. As head of the Vaccine Study Center you’re constantly reevaluating the safety of vaccines. How safe are vaccines compared to widely prescribed preventive drugs like statins? And what are you looking for in your studies?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. What I see in what I read and hear from people is that there's a total lack of trust with regard to vaccines. They feel that there's some sort of hidden information that someone's covering up that they're really not safe. But I've been looking at this for years and we work with a lot of people who are dedicated to the safety of vaccines. There's no hidden agenda here. We care about these kids and about the people we give vaccines to. We want to ensure that the vaccine supply is extremely safe and stays safe. That's why there's ongoing surveillance. Even though we don't see signals of risk we keep looking for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that when you say you're looking for something people think it's there, so the discussion can be very difficult. When I tell someone we didn't see something in a vaccine, if they're not educated on it, they go, \"What? You thought it was there?\" It's a difficult conversation, and I'm not sure there's a simple answer to that when there's such distrust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beyond mistrust, there's also a lot of misinformation out there from people who have an extremely loud voice, on the internet, and are giving information that is neither true nor appropriate. I've actually had patients tell me that they thought their search on the internet was worth more than their visit with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How safe are vaccines? I think vaccines are unbelievably safe. The bar for vaccine safety is probably 100 times higher than it is for medications. It's because we give them to our most vulnerable population, little babies. For the little babies, we're really fanatic about ensuring safety from the vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23930 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23930",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/18/getting-vaccinated-against-measles-what-you-need-to-know/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1406,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 28
},
"modified": 1445377412,
"excerpt": "For starters, if you've just been vaccinated, you cannot spread measles to others.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "For starters, if you've just been vaccinated, you cannot spread measles to others.",
"title": "Getting Vaccinated Against Measles: What You Need to Know | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Getting Vaccinated Against Measles: What You Need to Know",
"datePublished": "2015-02-18T11:26:14-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-10-20T14:43:32-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "getting-vaccinated-against-measles-what-you-need-to-know",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/23930/getting-vaccinated-against-measles-what-you-need-to-know",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-e1424287446474.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23940\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/178270443-640x427.jpg\" alt=\"(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The measles outbreak that started in December has sickened 141 people in 17 states. California has the most cases by far: 113 as of last Friday with about half traced to Disneyland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State health officials are urging anyone who is not immunized against measles to get vaccinated. To help people figure out whether they need to get vaccinated against measles or other diseases, I spoke with Dr. Roger Baxter, who co-directs Kaiser Permanente’s Vaccine Study Center in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First up, children.\u003c/strong> The \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child-easyread.html\" href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/easy-to-read/child-easyread.html\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control recommends two doses \u003c/a>of the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>First dose at 12-15 months\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Second dose at 4-6 years\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>I asked Dr. Baxter, why is a second shot needed?\u003c/strong>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. In general, we really only care that adults have had one dose because in the vast majority of people, one dose is very effective. It's a really fantastic vaccine, and one dose protects people most of the time for life. But some people don't [mount an immune response] the first time, and that's what the second dose is all about. We think if you get two doses, that covers everybody. And since it’s the school-age kids who are most at risk, you need to get that second dose into the whole group of kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. Since the MMR contains a live version of the measles virus, some people wonder if you could be contagious right after you get a shot.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. It's an attenuated [weakened] live virus, so we're not really worried about it. You get an infection but it's not enough to make you contagious. It gives you a good immune response, but it doesn't cause a full-blown infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. If you're an adult who doesn't know your vaccination status, what should you do to ensure that you have immunity?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. If you were born in 1956 or earlier, then you're considered immune because everybody got measles back then. You don't need anything at all. It's important to let people know that. For other adults, most of them have had a vaccine, but it's a little complicated because there were a few years when the vaccine didn't work very well. (Editor's note: Between 1963, when the measles vaccine was released, and 1967 people received a killed vaccine that wasn’t as effective as the current live-virus vaccine.) So we didn't consider a person vaccinated until 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you don't remember if you've been vaccinated, you can just take another dose, that's fine. Some people want to get (a blood test) to see if they have antibodies. You can do that and see if you have antibodies before you get the shot. But the shot is very safe. Even if you've had it before and don't need it, it won't hurt you at all [to get an extra dose].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. A second dose of MMR was recommended in 1989 as a severe measles outbreak ultimately infected 55,000 people, including some vaccinated children. More than 120 people died. Was there a problem with the vaccine?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. No, it's actually a very effective vaccine but to achieve herd immunity, to knock a virus out of the community so it actually can't get into the community at all, you really have to achieve a very high level of protection. So let's say you give a vaccine and 10 percent of kids don't take on that first dose, it may seem like the virus went away for a while but then eventually as more kids come up that aren't immune, eventually you'll have enough kids that can create the potential for an outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. What about pregnant women?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A: That’s a special group that can't be vaccinated for measles, because it’s a live vaccine. Not that we know it would cause a problem -- but just to be cautious. Two vaccines are recommended for pregnant women: flu and Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis). They're both killed vaccines with no live components.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. What are the chances that a person vaccinated against measles or pertussis (also called whooping cough) can transmit the disease?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. We don't think that the vaccine creates a \"carrier state\" in people who have contact with a case. Not at all. We think they provide protection for themselves, their family, their community, for everybody. Each person provides a tiny amount of herd immunity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. Adults often don’t worry about getting vaccinated, because they think of measles, whooping cough and other vaccine-preventable diseases as childhood diseases. But aren’t some infectious diseases more dangerous for adults?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. You're probably thinking of chicken pox and that's true. There were worries when the childhood chicken pox vaccine came out that it would push the age of chicken pox to older children and adults, where the disease is much more virulent, but \u003ca title=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913796\" href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24913796\" target=\"_blank\">we actually recently published\u003c/a> and showed that that didn't happen. It was such a good vaccine that it took away chicken pox for everybody, it had a big herd effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But yes, diseases in childhood can be worse in adults. Measles is not an easy event for anybody. A full-blown case of measles is a rough illness for anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. Are there any vaccines that seniors should make sure they get?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. They don't have to worry about measles at all. With the pertussis, they just have to be aware that they can get it, but pertussis is much more of a problem in infants, teens and family members. When it comes to the elderly, we're really talking about flu and pneumococcal and Zostavax (for shingles). The older they are the more likely they should get the high-dose flu shot. And the shingles vaccine is recommended at age 60 and above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q. A \u003ca title=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/02/02/young-adults-more-likely-to-say-vaccinating-kids-should-be-a-parental-choice/\" href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/02/02/young-adults-more-likely-to-say-vaccinating-kids-should-be-a-parental-choice/\" target=\"_blank\">recent Pew study \u003c/a>found that over 40 percent of young adults, ages 18 to 29, think childhood vaccinations shouldn’t be required but should be up to parents. And a 2013 Harris Poll found that 61 percent of people think drug companies minimize vaccine risk. As head of the Vaccine Study Center you’re constantly reevaluating the safety of vaccines. How safe are vaccines compared to widely prescribed preventive drugs like statins? And what are you looking for in your studies?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A. What I see in what I read and hear from people is that there's a total lack of trust with regard to vaccines. They feel that there's some sort of hidden information that someone's covering up that they're really not safe. But I've been looking at this for years and we work with a lot of people who are dedicated to the safety of vaccines. There's no hidden agenda here. We care about these kids and about the people we give vaccines to. We want to ensure that the vaccine supply is extremely safe and stays safe. That's why there's ongoing surveillance. Even though we don't see signals of risk we keep looking for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that when you say you're looking for something people think it's there, so the discussion can be very difficult. When I tell someone we didn't see something in a vaccine, if they're not educated on it, they go, \"What? You thought it was there?\" It's a difficult conversation, and I'm not sure there's a simple answer to that when there's such distrust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beyond mistrust, there's also a lot of misinformation out there from people who have an extremely loud voice, on the internet, and are giving information that is neither true nor appropriate. I've actually had patients tell me that they thought their search on the internet was worth more than their visit with me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How safe are vaccines? I think vaccines are unbelievably safe. The bar for vaccine safety is probably 100 times higher than it is for medications. It's because we give them to our most vulnerable population, little babies. For the little babies, we're really fanatic about ensuring safety from the vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/23930/getting-vaccinated-against-measles-what-you-need-to-know",
"authors": [
"6322"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11",
"stateofhealth_13"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_726",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_31"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_23940",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_23816": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_23816",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23816",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1423089240000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1423089240,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "New Vaccination Bill Would End 'Personal Belief Exemption'",
"title": "New Vaccination Bill Would End 'Personal Belief Exemption'",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23614\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-640x456.jpg\" alt=\"A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FenitN\" target=\"_blank\">Fenit Nirappil\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — California lawmakers are proposing legislation that would require parents to vaccinate all school children unless a child's health is in danger, joining only two other states with such stringent restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents could no longer cite personal beliefs or religious reasons to send unvaccinated children to school under a proposal introduced Wednesday after dozens of people have fallen ill from a measles outbreak that started in late December at Disneyland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mississippi and West Virginia are the only other states with such strict vaccine rules, though the California bill's chief author said he would consider including a religious exemption, as allowed now.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are starting to realize, 'I'm vulnerable, my children are vulnerable,'\" said \u003ca href=\"http://sd06.senate.ca.gov/\">state Sen. Richard Pan\u003c/a>, a Democrat and pediatrician from Sacramento. \"We should not wait for more children to sicken or die before we act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Wednesday, California's two U.S. senators issued a joint letter calling for a repeal of the state's \"personal belief exemption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189545740\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While a small number of children cannot be vaccinated due to an underlying medical condition, we believe there should be no such thing as a philosophical or personal belief exemption, since everyone uses public spaces,” Sens. Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein wrote. “As we have learned in the past month, parents who refuse to vaccinate their children not only put their own family at risk, but they also endanger other families who choose to vaccinate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Childhood vaccine has become an emotionally charged topic and a national issue amid a measles outbreak that has sickened more than 100 people across the United States and in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most other states, California allows religious or personal belief exemptions. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, California is among 20 states that allow for personal belief exemptions and 48 that allow for religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents cite a variety of reasons for not immunizing their children, among them: religious values, concerns the shots could cause illness and a belief that allowing children to get sick helps them to build a stronger immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials believe an immunization rate of at least 90 percent in all communities, including schools, is critical to minimizing the potential for a disease outbreak. Statistics \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Child%20Care%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reported recently\u003c/a> by the state Department of Public Health show 89.4 percent of children in California child-care facilities -- kids between age 2 and 5 -- had received all required vaccinations at the start of the 2014-15 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report showed 2.67 percent of those children -- about 12,500 statewide -- were unvaccinated due to personal belief exemptions. About 2,500 students were unvaccinated due to permanent medical exemptions -- the only group that would remain exempt under Pan's proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan, who previously served in the Assembly, was the author of another vaccination bill that took effect last year. It requires parents who don't have their children vaccinated for non-religious reasons to get a note from the doctor's office before enrolling their children in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Gov. Jerry Brown, who signed that bill, did not say if the governor would oppose efforts to end exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Governor believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered,\" Spokesman Evan Westrup wrote in an e-mail.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23816 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23816",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 615,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1423164705,
"excerpt": "Amid concern about measles outbreak, proposal would require shots for all kids unless their health is in danger. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Amid concern about measles outbreak, proposal would require shots for all kids unless their health is in danger. ",
"title": "New Vaccination Bill Would End 'Personal Belief Exemption' | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "New Vaccination Bill Would End 'Personal Belief Exemption'",
"datePublished": "2015-02-04T14:34:00-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-02-05T11:31:45-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/23816/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23614\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-e1422076915312.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23614\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/495311669-640x456.jpg\" alt=\"A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"456\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dose of measles, mumps, rubella vaccine, known commonly as MMR. (Joe Raedle/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/FenitN\" target=\"_blank\">Fenit Nirappil\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nAssociated Press\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — California lawmakers are proposing legislation that would require parents to vaccinate all school children unless a child's health is in danger, joining only two other states with such stringent restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents could no longer cite personal beliefs or religious reasons to send unvaccinated children to school under a proposal introduced Wednesday after dozens of people have fallen ill from a measles outbreak that started in late December at Disneyland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mississippi and West Virginia are the only other states with such strict vaccine rules, though the California bill's chief author said he would consider including a religious exemption, as allowed now.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are starting to realize, 'I'm vulnerable, my children are vulnerable,'\" said \u003ca href=\"http://sd06.senate.ca.gov/\">state Sen. Richard Pan\u003c/a>, a Democrat and pediatrician from Sacramento. \"We should not wait for more children to sicken or die before we act.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier Wednesday, California's two U.S. senators issued a joint letter calling for a repeal of the state's \"personal belief exemption.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189545740&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189545740'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While a small number of children cannot be vaccinated due to an underlying medical condition, we believe there should be no such thing as a philosophical or personal belief exemption, since everyone uses public spaces,” Sens. Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein wrote. “As we have learned in the past month, parents who refuse to vaccinate their children not only put their own family at risk, but they also endanger other families who choose to vaccinate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Childhood vaccine has become an emotionally charged topic and a national issue amid a measles outbreak that has sickened more than 100 people across the United States and in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like most other states, California allows religious or personal belief exemptions. According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, California is among 20 states that allow for personal belief exemptions and 48 that allow for religious exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents cite a variety of reasons for not immunizing their children, among them: religious values, concerns the shots could cause illness and a belief that allowing children to get sick helps them to build a stronger immune system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials believe an immunization rate of at least 90 percent in all communities, including schools, is critical to minimizing the potential for a disease outbreak. Statistics \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Child%20Care%20Immunization%20Assessment.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">reported recently\u003c/a> by the state Department of Public Health show 89.4 percent of children in California child-care facilities -- kids between age 2 and 5 -- had received all required vaccinations at the start of the 2014-15 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report showed 2.67 percent of those children -- about 12,500 statewide -- were unvaccinated due to personal belief exemptions. About 2,500 students were unvaccinated due to permanent medical exemptions -- the only group that would remain exempt under Pan's proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pan, who previously served in the Assembly, was the author of another vaccination bill that took effect last year. It requires parents who don't have their children vaccinated for non-religious reasons to get a note from the doctor's office before enrolling their children in school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Gov. Jerry Brown, who signed that bill, did not say if the governor would oppose efforts to end exemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Governor believes that vaccinations are profoundly important and a major public health benefit and any bill that reaches his desk will be closely considered,\" Spokesman Evan Westrup wrote in an e-mail.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/23816/new-vaccination-bill-would-end-exemptions-for-personal-religious-beliefs",
"authors": [
"237"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11",
"stateofhealth_13"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_726",
"stateofhealth_461"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_23614",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_23812": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_23812",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23812",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1423074742000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1423074742,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Once A Vaccine Skeptic, This Mom Changed Her Mind",
"title": "Once A Vaccine Skeptic, This Mom Changed Her Mind",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23813\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-640x420.png\" alt=\"Juniper Russo walks her dogs with her daughter Vivian (left). (Courtesy of Juniper Russo)\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juniper Russo walks her dogs with her daughter Vivian (left).\u003cbr>(Courtesy of Juniper Russo)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Jon Hamilton,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/04/383567862/once-a-vaccine-skeptic-this-mom-changed-her-mind\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/04/383567862/once-a-vaccine-skeptic-this-mom-changed-her-mind\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ongoing measles outbreak linked to Disneyland has led to some harsh comments about parents who don't vaccinate their kids. But Juniper Russo, a writer in Chattanooga, Tenn., says she understands those parents because she used to be one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know what it's like to be scared and just want to protect your children, and make the wrong decisions,\" Russo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her daughter Vivian was born, \"I was really adamant that she not get vaccines,\" Russo says. \"I thought that she was going to be safe without them and they would unnecessarily introduce chemicals into her body that could hurt her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a view shared by many parents who choose not to vaccinate. And in Russo's case, it was reinforced by parents she met online.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had a lot of online acquaintances who claimed that their kids had become autistic because of vaccines,\" Russo says. \"I got kind of swept up in that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fear of autism was only part of the reason Russo didn't want vaccines for her daughter. She says at that point in her life she identified strongly with what she calls \"crunchy moms\" who question mainstream medicine and things that aren't natural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're the ones who breast-feed and cloth-diaper and co-sleep and all that stuff,\" Russo says. \"And so much of who I was, was being a crunchy mom. At the time I thought that if I went along with what my pediatrician suggested ... I would be losing part of who I was.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter's pediatrician, though, kept talking to Russo about vaccines. And, over the next couple of years, she began to reconsider her position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also began to worry about Vivian. At 16 months old, her daughter still wasn't walking and her speech was odd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year or so, Russo allowed the pediatrician to give her daughter a few shots — though not the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, when Vivian was nearly 3, Russo decided her daughter should get all her vaccines. By that time, Russo says, it was pretty clear that Vivian had autism, caused by something other than a vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russo's story reveals a lot about why people fear vaccines, says David Ropeik, the author of How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts. For one thing, science often has little influence on what we are afraid of, Ropeik says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fear, or the perception of risk, is subjective,\" Ropeik says. \"It's a matter of how we feel about the facts we have, not just what the facts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Also, our perceptions are often shaped by the communities we choose to join,\" Ropeik says. In Russo's case, that community was self-described \"crunchy moms\" who distrust mainstream medicine. But there are plenty of other communities with subgroups that reject vaccination for other reasons, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's conservatism: I don't like government butting in. There's libertarianism: Leave me alone, I want to decide for myself. There's environmentalism, there's religion,\" Ropeik says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for a long time, Ropeik says, these subgroups didn't have to confront a downside to rejecting vaccines. \"There is the sense that the diseases are largely gone, so why take even a small risk for no benefit?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that sort of thinking is getting \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2015/02/03/383501038/science-denialism-has-consequences\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2015/02/03/383501038/science-denialism-has-consequences\" target=\"_blank\">harder to justify\u003c/a> because \"the diseases are back,\" Ropeik says. Equally important, the current measles outbreak involves Disneyland — \"an iconic, happy, associated-with-nothing-bad-happening kind of place,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's helped generate a huge amount of publicity for this outbreak, even though it's still much smaller than an outbreak centered in Ohio that occurred just last year. And it's got some former vaccine skeptics thinking that perhaps diseases do pose a greater risk than vaccines, Ropeik says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russo hopes the current outbreak gets a lot of people thinking about protecting children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter is 6 now and has grown into a quirky kid who loves Pokemon, reading and writing and cats, Russo says. The concern now is for Russo's son, who is just 6 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's too young to have the measles vaccine, and I know that there's a chance that he could end up catching measles before he's old enough to get the vaccine,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23812 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23812",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/04/once-a-vaccine-skeptic-this-mom-changed-her-mind/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 757,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 24
},
"modified": 1423074742,
"excerpt": "After three years of soul-searching, she decided vaccines were best.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "After three years of soul-searching, she decided vaccines were best.",
"title": "Once A Vaccine Skeptic, This Mom Changed Her Mind | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Once A Vaccine Skeptic, This Mom Changed Her Mind",
"datePublished": "2015-02-04T10:32:22-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-02-04T10:32:22-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "once-a-vaccine-skeptic-this-mom-changed-her-mind",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/23812/once-a-vaccine-skeptic-this-mom-changed-her-mind",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23813\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-23813\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-04-at-10.26.34-AM-640x420.png\" alt=\"Juniper Russo walks her dogs with her daughter Vivian (left). (Courtesy of Juniper Russo)\" width=\"640\" height=\"420\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juniper Russo walks her dogs with her daughter Vivian (left).\u003cbr>(Courtesy of Juniper Russo)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Jon Hamilton,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/04/383567862/once-a-vaccine-skeptic-this-mom-changed-her-mind\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2015/02/04/383567862/once-a-vaccine-skeptic-this-mom-changed-her-mind\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ongoing measles outbreak linked to Disneyland has led to some harsh comments about parents who don't vaccinate their kids. But Juniper Russo, a writer in Chattanooga, Tenn., says she understands those parents because she used to be one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know what it's like to be scared and just want to protect your children, and make the wrong decisions,\" Russo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When her daughter Vivian was born, \"I was really adamant that she not get vaccines,\" Russo says. \"I thought that she was going to be safe without them and they would unnecessarily introduce chemicals into her body that could hurt her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a view shared by many parents who choose not to vaccinate. And in Russo's case, it was reinforced by parents she met online.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I had a lot of online acquaintances who claimed that their kids had become autistic because of vaccines,\" Russo says. \"I got kind of swept up in that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But fear of autism was only part of the reason Russo didn't want vaccines for her daughter. She says at that point in her life she identified strongly with what she calls \"crunchy moms\" who question mainstream medicine and things that aren't natural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're the ones who breast-feed and cloth-diaper and co-sleep and all that stuff,\" Russo says. \"And so much of who I was, was being a crunchy mom. At the time I thought that if I went along with what my pediatrician suggested ... I would be losing part of who I was.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter's pediatrician, though, kept talking to Russo about vaccines. And, over the next couple of years, she began to reconsider her position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also began to worry about Vivian. At 16 months old, her daughter still wasn't walking and her speech was odd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year or so, Russo allowed the pediatrician to give her daughter a few shots — though not the vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, when Vivian was nearly 3, Russo decided her daughter should get all her vaccines. By that time, Russo says, it was pretty clear that Vivian had autism, caused by something other than a vaccination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russo's story reveals a lot about why people fear vaccines, says David Ropeik, the author of How Risky Is It, Really? Why Our Fears Don't Always Match the Facts. For one thing, science often has little influence on what we are afraid of, Ropeik says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fear, or the perception of risk, is subjective,\" Ropeik says. \"It's a matter of how we feel about the facts we have, not just what the facts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Also, our perceptions are often shaped by the communities we choose to join,\" Ropeik says. In Russo's case, that community was self-described \"crunchy moms\" who distrust mainstream medicine. But there are plenty of other communities with subgroups that reject vaccination for other reasons, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's conservatism: I don't like government butting in. There's libertarianism: Leave me alone, I want to decide for myself. There's environmentalism, there's religion,\" Ropeik says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for a long time, Ropeik says, these subgroups didn't have to confront a downside to rejecting vaccines. \"There is the sense that the diseases are largely gone, so why take even a small risk for no benefit?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that sort of thinking is getting \u003ca title=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2015/02/03/383501038/science-denialism-has-consequences\" href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/13.7/2015/02/03/383501038/science-denialism-has-consequences\" target=\"_blank\">harder to justify\u003c/a> because \"the diseases are back,\" Ropeik says. Equally important, the current measles outbreak involves Disneyland — \"an iconic, happy, associated-with-nothing-bad-happening kind of place,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's helped generate a huge amount of publicity for this outbreak, even though it's still much smaller than an outbreak centered in Ohio that occurred just last year. And it's got some former vaccine skeptics thinking that perhaps diseases do pose a greater risk than vaccines, Ropeik says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russo hopes the current outbreak gets a lot of people thinking about protecting children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her daughter is 6 now and has grown into a quirky kid who loves Pokemon, reading and writing and cats, Russo says. The concern now is for Russo's son, who is just 6 months old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's too young to have the measles vaccine, and I know that there's a chance that he could end up catching measles before he's old enough to get the vaccine,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/23812/once-a-vaccine-skeptic-this-mom-changed-her-mind",
"authors": [
"8344"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11",
"stateofhealth_12",
"stateofhealth_13"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_155",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_31"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_23813",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_23772": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_23772",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23772",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422899516000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422899516,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Not Just Un-Vaccinated; Under-Vaccination Also a Problem Statewide",
"title": "Not Just Un-Vaccinated; Under-Vaccination Also a Problem Statewide",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17082\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17082\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-640x320.jpg\" alt=\"Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(queensu/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lauren M. Whaley,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://centerforhealthreporting.org\" href=\"http://centerforhealthreporting.org\" target=\"_blank\">CHCF Center for Health Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids without all their vaccinations are falling through the cracks at schools across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 80 percent of kindergarteners at \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Data.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">some Oakland schools\u003c/a> entered this year without all of their state-required vaccinations. At some \u003ca title=\"http://www.dailynews.com/health/20150130/majority-at-some-lausd-kindergartens-are-under-vaccinated\" href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/health/20150130/majority-at-some-lausd-kindergartens-are-under-vaccinated\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Unified schools,\u003c/a> more than 90 percent are under-vaccinated, meaning only 10 percent of kids -- or far fewer -- are fully up to date on their immunizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems everyone has been focused on parents who opt-out of vaccinations for their kindergarteners. But, there are thousands of under-vaccinated students who may also be walking school halls for months, maybe even the whole school year, without all their shots.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe it’s just not as sexy as Personal Belief Exemptions,” Amy Pine told me, referring to the option parents have to refuse vaccines on behalf of their children and lawfully send them to school. Pine directs the immunization program for the Alameda County Public Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not sexy, maybe, but important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, 2.54 percent of children have a personal belief exemption on file, but 6.86 percent of kindergarteners enter school under-vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under-vaccinated is still making you vulnerable for disease, for getting the disease, and for transmitting the disease,” Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These students may lawfully enter kindergarten on a “conditional basis,” with some, but not all, of their required shots. The condition is that they’ll get up to date soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189379088\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is, it’s nearly impossible to tell if this ever happens. State and county health officials say it’s up to the schools to keep track. But, there is no official reporting required by schools after they submit their vaccination rates to the state in the fall. The schools are the ones charged with sending notices to parents and excluding kids from school who don’t get up to date within 10 days of those notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">But, there's a powerful disincentive to keep kids out of school. \u003c/span>Several school nurses reminded me that schools get paid by how many kids are in school each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In general, we have not made a practice of turning students away,” said Troy Flint, spokesperson for Oakland Unified. The Los Angeles Unified School District also said they didn’t keep any “conditional entrants” out of school last year for failing to get the rest of their shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified also did not know how many of their “conditional entrants” ended up fully vaccinated by the end of the 2013-2014 school year. Los Angeles county's conditional entry rate is 12.28 percent, nearly twice the state average. San Francisco's rate is 11.62 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But neither of those counties is taking big steps to curb this problem. It’s Alameda County officials who say their rate of 9.68 percent must be fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a conditional-entrant problem here,” insisted Pine.. “They’re not immunized. They’re not protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with Dr. Kristen Lum, a pediatric resident at UC San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Pine visited Alameda County schools this fall with chronically high rates of conditional entrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine and Lum have made recommendations to the schools, to Oakland Unified School District, to the county, and to the state. They hope their recommendations will improve tracking of “conditional entrants,” and ultimately, immunization rates statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County’s commitment comes at a critical time in California, with 91 confirmed cases of measles, and the 2014 statewide whooping cough epidemic left two infants dead and sickened nearly 11,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A child could be under-vaccinated for a number of reasons, including lack of training or personnel resources for school staff charged with tracking students; families moving in and out of care; or parents who are unable to get a child to the doctor in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine hopes that her team can change some of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing like an outbreak to remind people about the importance of getting vaccinated,” she said. “Unfortunately it has to come to an outbreak or a vaccine shortage to get people lined up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren M. Whaley is the multimedia journalist for the CHCF Center for Health Reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23772 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23772",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/02/02/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 744,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 25
},
"modified": 1423062281,
"excerpt": "The statewide opt-out rate is 2.15%, but the under-vaccinated rate is 6.68%.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The statewide opt-out rate is 2.15%, but the under-vaccinated rate is 6.68%.",
"title": "Not Just Un-Vaccinated; Under-Vaccination Also a Problem Statewide | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Not Just Un-Vaccinated; Under-Vaccination Also a Problem Statewide",
"datePublished": "2015-02-02T09:51:56-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-02-04T07:04:41-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/23772/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17082\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-e1389225200216.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17082\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/8165753357_390e69f46c_b-2-640x320.jpg\" alt=\"Nursing student administers flu shot. (queensu/Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"320\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(queensu/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Lauren M. Whaley,\u003c/strong> \u003ca title=\"http://centerforhealthreporting.org\" href=\"http://centerforhealthreporting.org\" target=\"_blank\">CHCF Center for Health Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kids without all their vaccinations are falling through the cracks at schools across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 80 percent of kindergarteners at \u003ca title=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Data.pdf\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/Documents/2014-15%20CA%20Kindergarten%20Data.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">some Oakland schools\u003c/a> entered this year without all of their state-required vaccinations. At some \u003ca title=\"http://www.dailynews.com/health/20150130/majority-at-some-lausd-kindergartens-are-under-vaccinated\" href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/health/20150130/majority-at-some-lausd-kindergartens-are-under-vaccinated\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles Unified schools,\u003c/a> more than 90 percent are under-vaccinated, meaning only 10 percent of kids -- or far fewer -- are fully up to date on their immunizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It seems everyone has been focused on parents who opt-out of vaccinations for their kindergarteners. But, there are thousands of under-vaccinated students who may also be walking school halls for months, maybe even the whole school year, without all their shots.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe it’s just not as sexy as Personal Belief Exemptions,” Amy Pine told me, referring to the option parents have to refuse vaccines on behalf of their children and lawfully send them to school. Pine directs the immunization program for the Alameda County Public Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not sexy, maybe, but important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Statewide, 2.54 percent of children have a personal belief exemption on file, but 6.86 percent of kindergarteners enter school under-vaccinated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Under-vaccinated is still making you vulnerable for disease, for getting the disease, and for transmitting the disease,” Pine said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These students may lawfully enter kindergarten on a “conditional basis,” with some, but not all, of their required shots. The condition is that they’ll get up to date soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='undefined' height='undefined'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189379088&visual=true&undefined'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/189379088'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is, it’s nearly impossible to tell if this ever happens. State and county health officials say it’s up to the schools to keep track. But, there is no official reporting required by schools after they submit their vaccination rates to the state in the fall. The schools are the ones charged with sending notices to parents and excluding kids from school who don’t get up to date within 10 days of those notifications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\">But, there's a powerful disincentive to keep kids out of school. \u003c/span>Several school nurses reminded me that schools get paid by how many kids are in school each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In general, we have not made a practice of turning students away,” said Troy Flint, spokesperson for Oakland Unified. The Los Angeles Unified School District also said they didn’t keep any “conditional entrants” out of school last year for failing to get the rest of their shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified also did not know how many of their “conditional entrants” ended up fully vaccinated by the end of the 2013-2014 school year. Los Angeles county's conditional entry rate is 12.28 percent, nearly twice the state average. San Francisco's rate is 11.62 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But neither of those counties is taking big steps to curb this problem. It’s Alameda County officials who say their rate of 9.68 percent must be fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a conditional-entrant problem here,” insisted Pine.. “They’re not immunized. They’re not protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with Dr. Kristen Lum, a pediatric resident at UC San Francisco Benioff Children’s Hospital Oakland, Pine visited Alameda County schools this fall with chronically high rates of conditional entrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine and Lum have made recommendations to the schools, to Oakland Unified School District, to the county, and to the state. They hope their recommendations will improve tracking of “conditional entrants,” and ultimately, immunization rates statewide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County’s commitment comes at a critical time in California, with 91 confirmed cases of measles, and the 2014 statewide whooping cough epidemic left two infants dead and sickened nearly 11,000 people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A child could be under-vaccinated for a number of reasons, including lack of training or personnel resources for school staff charged with tracking students; families moving in and out of care; or parents who are unable to get a child to the doctor in time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pine hopes that her team can change some of this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing like an outbreak to remind people about the importance of getting vaccinated,” she said. “Unfortunately it has to come to an outbreak or a vaccine shortage to get people lined up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Lauren M. Whaley is the multimedia journalist for the CHCF Center for Health Reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/23772/not-just-un-vaccinated-under-vaccination-also-a-problem-statewide",
"authors": [
"8344"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_31"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_17082",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_23735": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_23735",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23735",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422668743000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422668743,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Drops -- First Time Since 1998; Look Up Your Calif. School",
"title": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Drops -- First Time Since 1998; Look Up Your Calif. School",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Olivia Allen-Price and Lisa Aliferis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, all kindergarteners must be vaccinated against a range of communicable diseases before they can start school. But California also permits parents to opt-out of vaccines on behalf of their children. The opt-out rate \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">doubled over a seven year\u003c/a> period ending last school year. But now, for the first time since 1998, the opt-out rate has declined, from 3.15 percent statewide to 2.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\"> new state law\u003c/a> appears to be the driver. Under \u003ca title=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/billtrack/text.html?bvid=20110AB210996AMD\" href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/billtrack/text.html?bvid=20110AB210996AMD\" target=\"_blank\">AB 2109\u003c/a>, parents who wish to opt out of vaccines must file a personal belief exemption or PBE, a signed statement that vaccines are against their personal belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#lookup\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23583\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>This school year, for the first time, parents must first meet with a health provider who explains the risks and benefits of both vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases. Until the current school year, parents simply had to sign the statement without any consultation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State senator Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) sponsored the bill and is pretty happy about the decline. He believes that requiring the meeting with a health care provider clears up confusion some parents have about vaccines.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By requiring them to talk to a physician or other health provider,\" Pan said, \"they can get more information and when they get that information, they feel more comfortable about getting their children vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In addition, the law likely catches people who might have been too busy to get to the doctor. \"In the past you could just sign before you could go to school,\" said Dr. Dean Blumberg of the UC Davis medical center who is involved in vaccine research. \"Now since you have to talk to your health provider to sign the form, you may as well -- since you're talking to the doctor -- get them vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PBE Rates Changed Over Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumberg provided State of Health with data from a \u003ca title=\"https://cdc.confex.com/cdc/nic2010/webprogram/Paper22752.html\" href=\"https://cdc.confex.com/cdc/nic2010/webprogram/Paper22752.html\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control vaccine conference\u003c/a> showing historical rates of personal belief exemptions in California. Rates had been comparatively low, especially after the 1989-1991 measles epidemic when there were 17,000 cases of measles and 70 people died in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccine rates need to be 90 percent -- or higher -- depending on the disease to create what's known as \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>. That means that enough people are vaccinated to protect those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons or whose immune system is compromised. This includes \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">people being treated for cancer\u003c/a> or HIV patients and more. When vaccine rates are high, a disease introduced into a community cannot take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials would not be as concerned about the average PBE rate statewide -- but the rate \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">hides clusters where PBE rates are significantly higher\u003c/a>. In the Bay Area there are geographic clusters of vaccine refusals above 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, California health officials are working to contain a measles outbreak that has reached 91 cases this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nearly a decade of low PBE rates in the 1990s, they started to increase in 1998. That was the same year a study was published that claimed a link between the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and autism. The study was \u003ca title=\"http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html\" href=\"http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html\" target=\"_blank\">later debunked and retracted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the damage was done. PBE rates have climbed steadily ever since, until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health \u003ca title=\"California Department of Public Health Immunization page\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">collects vaccination rates\u003c/a> and PBE rates at every kindergarten in the state with more than 10 students — both public and private schools. Further below, we’ve made it easy for you to look up your own school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entering kindergarten children are required to be vaccinated against:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Polio\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hepatitis B\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Varicella (Chickenpox)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For years, Marin County has had the highest PBE rate in the Bay Area. In the 2013-2014 school year, the county's PBE rate was 7.57 percent. This school year, it declined to 6.45 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four other Bay Area counties have lower PBE rates than Marin -- and their opt-out rates also declined from last year, as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara: 1.72 percent in 2013-2014 to 1.57 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Alameda: 1.78 percent to 1.54 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: 2.26 percent to 1.85 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa: 2.32 percent to 1.90 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco County saw a slight increase in its PBE rate from 1.64 percent last year to 1.80 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find Any School in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can look up the personal belief exemption rate at your own school below. So you can see the trend, \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" target=\"_blank\">we include data\u003c/a> from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2014-2015 school year, the most recent year for which data are available. This tool includes data from every kindergarten in the state, public or private, with 10 or more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The column to the far right — “PBE” — shows the percentage of children at a kindergarten with a personal belief exemption on file. The higher the number, the more children are not receiving vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter your child’s school in the search box at right:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1300px\" id=\"lookup\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cstyle>\t \t \n.single-post #content {width: 100%; }\t \t \n.single-post #sidebar {display: none;}\t \t \n\u003c/style>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23735 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23735",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/30/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": true,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 876,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [
"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html"
],
"paragraphCount": 26
},
"modified": 1422925757,
"excerpt": "A new state law appears to be driving higher vaccination rates.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A new state law appears to be driving higher vaccination rates.",
"title": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Drops -- First Time Since 1998; Look Up Your Calif. School | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Vaccine Opt-Out Rate Drops -- First Time Since 1998; Look Up Your Calif. School",
"datePublished": "2015-01-30T17:45:43-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-02-02T17:09:17-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/23735/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Olivia Allen-Price and Lisa Aliferis\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California law, all kindergarteners must be vaccinated against a range of communicable diseases before they can start school. But California also permits parents to opt-out of vaccines on behalf of their children. The opt-out rate \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/vaccine-opt-out-rate-doubled-in-7-years-look-up-your-school-online/\" target=\"_blank\">doubled over a seven year\u003c/a> period ending last school year. But now, for the first time since 1998, the opt-out rate has declined, from 3.15 percent statewide to 2.5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A\u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2012/08/23/new-requirement-for-vaccine-exemption-passed-by-senate/\" target=\"_blank\"> new state law\u003c/a> appears to be the driver. Under \u003ca title=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/billtrack/text.html?bvid=20110AB210996AMD\" href=\"http://www.aroundthecapitol.com/billtrack/text.html?bvid=20110AB210996AMD\" target=\"_blank\">AB 2109\u003c/a>, parents who wish to opt out of vaccines must file a personal belief exemption or PBE, a signed statement that vaccines are against their personal belief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"#lookup\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-23583\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2015/01/lookup.jpg\" alt=\"lookup\" width=\"300\" height=\"151\">\u003c/a>This school year, for the first time, parents must first meet with a health provider who explains the risks and benefits of both vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases. Until the current school year, parents simply had to sign the statement without any consultation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State senator Richard Pan (D-Sacramento) sponsored the bill and is pretty happy about the decline. He believes that requiring the meeting with a health care provider clears up confusion some parents have about vaccines.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By requiring them to talk to a physician or other health provider,\" Pan said, \"they can get more information and when they get that information, they feel more comfortable about getting their children vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In addition, the law likely catches people who might have been too busy to get to the doctor. \"In the past you could just sign before you could go to school,\" said Dr. Dean Blumberg of the UC Davis medical center who is involved in vaccine research. \"Now since you have to talk to your health provider to sign the form, you may as well -- since you're talking to the doctor -- get them vaccinated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PBE Rates Changed Over Time\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumberg provided State of Health with data from a \u003ca title=\"https://cdc.confex.com/cdc/nic2010/webprogram/Paper22752.html\" href=\"https://cdc.confex.com/cdc/nic2010/webprogram/Paper22752.html\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control vaccine conference\u003c/a> showing historical rates of personal belief exemptions in California. Rates had been comparatively low, especially after the 1989-1991 measles epidemic when there were 17,000 cases of measles and 70 people died in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccine rates need to be 90 percent -- or higher -- depending on the disease to create what's known as \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/08/23/5-things-you-should-know-about-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">herd immunity\u003c/a>. That means that enough people are vaccinated to protect those who cannot be vaccinated for medical reasons or whose immune system is compromised. This includes \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/26/not-vaccinated-stay-home-from-school-says-marin-dad-of-leukemia-patient/\" target=\"_blank\">people being treated for cancer\u003c/a> or HIV patients and more. When vaccine rates are high, a disease introduced into a community cannot take hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials would not be as concerned about the average PBE rate statewide -- but the rate \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/18/bay-area-communities-are-home-to-clusters-of-people-refusing-vaccines/\" target=\"_blank\">hides clusters where PBE rates are significantly higher\u003c/a>. In the Bay Area there are geographic clusters of vaccine refusals above 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, California health officials are working to contain a measles outbreak that has reached 91 cases this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After nearly a decade of low PBE rates in the 1990s, they started to increase in 1998. That was the same year a study was published that claimed a link between the measles, mumps, rubella vaccine and autism. The study was \u003ca title=\"http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html\" href=\"http://www2.aap.org/immunization/families/mmr.html\" target=\"_blank\">later debunked and retracted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the damage was done. PBE rates have climbed steadily ever since, until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health \u003ca title=\"California Department of Public Health Immunization page\" href=\"http://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/immunize/pages/immunizationlevels.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">collects vaccination rates\u003c/a> and PBE rates at every kindergarten in the state with more than 10 students — both public and private schools. Further below, we’ve made it easy for you to look up your own school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entering kindergarten children are required to be vaccinated against:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Polio\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Hepatitis B\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Varicella (Chickenpox)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For years, Marin County has had the highest PBE rate in the Bay Area. In the 2013-2014 school year, the county's PBE rate was 7.57 percent. This school year, it declined to 6.45 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four other Bay Area counties have lower PBE rates than Marin -- and their opt-out rates also declined from last year, as follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Santa Clara: 1.72 percent in 2013-2014 to 1.57 percent this year\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Alameda: 1.78 percent to 1.54 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Mateo: 2.26 percent to 1.85 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Contra Costa: 2.32 percent to 1.90 percent\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco County saw a slight increase in its PBE rate from 1.64 percent last year to 1.80 percent this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Find Any School in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can look up the personal belief exemption rate at your own school below. So you can see the trend, \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/11/our-vaccine-database-methodology/\" target=\"_blank\">we include data\u003c/a> from the 2007-2008 school year through the 2014-2015 school year, the most recent year for which data are available. This tool includes data from every kindergarten in the state, public or private, with 10 or more students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The column to the far right — “PBE” — shows the percentage of children at a kindergarten with a personal belief exemption on file. The higher the number, the more children are not receiving vaccines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enter your child’s school in the search box at right:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/vaccines/pbe2014-6.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"1300px\" id=\"lookup\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cstyle>\t \t \n.single-post #content {width: 100%; }\t \t \n.single-post #sidebar {display: none;}\t \t \n\u003c/style>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/23735/vaccine-opt-out-rate-drops-first-time-since-1998-look-up-your-calif-school",
"authors": [
"8344"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_11",
"stateofhealth_12"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_96",
"stateofhealth_461",
"stateofhealth_725"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_5990",
"label": "stateofhealth"
},
"stateofhealth_23693": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stateofhealth_23693",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "23693",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1422563725000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "stateofhealth"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1422563725,
"format": "aside",
"disqusTitle": "Suspected Ebola Patient in Sacramento Tested Negative",
"title": "Suspected Ebola Patient in Sacramento Tested Negative",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-22048\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-640x498.jpg\" alt=\"(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)\" width=\"640\" height=\"498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Fri. January 30:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health says that the patient with suspected Ebola infection has tested negative for the virus. CDPH reminds everyone that there are no confirmed Ebola cases in California \"and no threat to the general public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patient suspected of being infected with the Ebola virus was transferred to UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento Thursday morning, the hospital said\u003ca title=\"http://m.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/9672\" href=\"http://m.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/9672\" target=\"_blank\"> in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have no other details about the patient at this time -- except that the patient was transferred from Mercy General Hospital in Sacramento. All five UC medical centers were \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/24/five-uc-hospitals-now-designated-for-ebola-care/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/24/five-uc-hospitals-now-designated-for-ebola-care/\" target=\"_blank\">designated Ebola treatment centers\u003c/a> by the California Department of Public Health last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the full statement from UC Davis Medical Center:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A patient with symptoms consistent with Ebola infection was transferred to UC Davis Medical Center Thursday morning from Mercy General Hospital in Sacramento. UC Davis, identified by the California Department of Public Health as a priority hospital to treat confirmed Ebola patients, is fully prepared to safely assess and treat the patient if necessary in accordance with guidelines established by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The hospital is coordinating its response with the Sacramento County Department of Public Health. Measures put in place to protect the health and safety of hospital workers and patients include extensive training on proper use of personal protective equipment and the establishment of a dedicated isolation room for treatment of suspected and confirmed Ebola patients. UC Davis Medical Center remains open and is continuing to operate as normal.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "23693 http://blogs.kqed.org/stateofhealth/?p=23693",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2015/01/29/possible-ebola-patient-being-treated-at-uc-davis/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 272,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 9
},
"modified": 1422642489,
"excerpt": "The patient has 'symptoms consistent with Ebola infection,' according to a statement from UC Davis.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The patient has 'symptoms consistent with Ebola infection,' according to a statement from UC Davis.",
"title": "Suspected Ebola Patient in Sacramento Tested Negative | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Suspected Ebola Patient in Sacramento Tested Negative",
"datePublished": "2015-01-29T12:35:25-08:00",
"dateModified": "2015-01-30T10:28:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "possible-ebola-patient-being-treated-at-uc-davis",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/stateofhealth/23693/possible-ebola-patient-being-treated-at-uc-davis",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22048\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-e1413347219345.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-22048\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/10/453210018-640x498.jpg\" alt=\"(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)\" width=\"640\" height=\"498\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Fri. January 30:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health says that the patient with suspected Ebola infection has tested negative for the virus. CDPH reminds everyone that there are no confirmed Ebola cases in California \"and no threat to the general public.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A patient suspected of being infected with the Ebola virus was transferred to UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento Thursday morning, the hospital said\u003ca title=\"http://m.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/9672\" href=\"http://m.ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/publish/news/newsroom/9672\" target=\"_blank\"> in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have no other details about the patient at this time -- except that the patient was transferred from Mercy General Hospital in Sacramento. All five UC medical centers were \u003ca title=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/24/five-uc-hospitals-now-designated-for-ebola-care/\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/10/24/five-uc-hospitals-now-designated-for-ebola-care/\" target=\"_blank\">designated Ebola treatment centers\u003c/a> by the California Department of Public Health last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the full statement from UC Davis Medical Center:\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A patient with symptoms consistent with Ebola infection was transferred to UC Davis Medical Center Thursday morning from Mercy General Hospital in Sacramento. UC Davis, identified by the California Department of Public Health as a priority hospital to treat confirmed Ebola patients, is fully prepared to safely assess and treat the patient if necessary in accordance with guidelines established by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The hospital is coordinating its response with the Sacramento County Department of Public Health. Measures put in place to protect the health and safety of hospital workers and patients include extensive training on proper use of personal protective equipment and the establishment of a dedicated isolation room for treatment of suspected and confirmed Ebola patients. UC Davis Medical Center remains open and is continuing to operate as normal.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/stateofhealth/23693/possible-ebola-patient-being-treated-at-uc-davis",
"authors": [
"240"
],
"categories": [
"stateofhealth_13"
],
"tags": [
"stateofhealth_840",
"stateofhealth_461"
],
"featImg": "stateofhealth_22048",
"label": "stateofhealth"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/stateofhealth?tag=science": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 72,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 266,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"stateofhealth_24623",
"stateofhealth_24448",
"stateofhealth_24408",
"stateofhealth_24387",
"stateofhealth_23986",
"stateofhealth_23977",
"stateofhealth_23930",
"stateofhealth_23816",
"stateofhealth_23812",
"stateofhealth_23772",
"stateofhealth_23735",
"stateofhealth_23693"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth_tag_science": {
"isLoading": true
},
"stateofhealth_461": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_461",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "461",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Science Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 462,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/science"
},
"stateofhealth_13": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_13",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "13",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Tests & Treatments",
"description": "Information and new research about advances in discovering and treating diseases and conditions.",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Information and new research about advances in discovering and treating diseases and conditions.",
"title": "Tests & Treatments Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 13,
"slug": "tests-treatments",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/category/tests-treatments"
},
"stateofhealth_118": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_118",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "118",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Diabetes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Diabetes Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 118,
"slug": "diabetes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/diabetes"
},
"stateofhealth_11": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_11",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "11",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Community Health",
"description": "\r\n\r\nFrom rural California to urban neighborhoods, where you live affects your health",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "From rural California to urban neighborhoods, where you live affects your health",
"title": "Community Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 11,
"slug": "place-matters",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/category/place-matters"
},
"stateofhealth_64": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_64",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "64",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "HIV",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "HIV Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 64,
"slug": "hiv",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/hiv"
},
"stateofhealth_320": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_320",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "320",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Truvada",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Truvada Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 321,
"slug": "truvada",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/truvada"
},
"stateofhealth_161": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_161",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "161",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Sugar",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Sugar Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 161,
"slug": "sugar",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/sugar"
},
"stateofhealth_127": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_127",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "127",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Tobacco",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Tobacco Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 127,
"slug": "tobacco",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/tobacco"
},
"stateofhealth_14": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_14",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "14",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Policy",
"description": "Actions by people in power – lawmakers, regulators and the like – can make a difference to your health, for better or for worse. We keep you informed",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Actions by people in power – lawmakers, regulators and the like – can make a difference to your health, for better or for worse. We keep you informed",
"title": "Policy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 14,
"slug": "policy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/category/policy"
},
"stateofhealth_618": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_618",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "618",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "personal belief exemption",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "personal belief exemption Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 619,
"slug": "personal-belief-exemption",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/personal-belief-exemption"
},
"stateofhealth_725": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_725",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "725",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Vaccine",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Vaccine Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 727,
"slug": "vaccine",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/vaccine"
},
"stateofhealth_12": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_12",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "12",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Living Healthy",
"description": "Health is about much more than medicine. We show you what's new to help you attain and maintain a healthy life",
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Health is about much more than medicine. We show you what's new to help you attain and maintain a healthy life",
"title": "Living Healthy Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 12,
"slug": "living-healthy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/category/living-healthy"
},
"stateofhealth_96": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_96",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "96",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Children's Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Children's Health Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 96,
"slug": "childrens-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/childrens-health"
},
"stateofhealth_726": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_726",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "726",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Measles",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Measles Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 728,
"slug": "measles",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/measles"
},
"stateofhealth_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Vaccines",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Vaccines Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 31,
"slug": "vaccines",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/vaccines"
},
"stateofhealth_155": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_155",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "155",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Autism",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Autism Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 155,
"slug": "autism",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/autism"
},
"stateofhealth_840": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth_840",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "stateofhealth",
"id": "840",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Ebola",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Ebola Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 843,
"slug": "ebola",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/stateofhealth/tag/ebola"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
},
"navPromosReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": true,
"promos": {
"news": {
"name": "2026 Voter Guide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"imageURL": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2026/10/Nav-News-Nov2026ElectionCoverage@2x-7bd4aad4.png",
"description": "Get informed in minutes with our Voter Guide for California’s November 3 election."
},
"podcasts-radio": {},
"video-tv": {},
"events": {},
"support": {}
}
}
}