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"content": "\u003cp>To the millions of Californians who obtained health insurance as a result of the Affordable Care Act, know this: Despite the election of Donald Trump, who has promised to repeal the health law, nothing is going to happen to your coverage immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, open enrollment for Covered California plans continues through January 31 despite the election outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t panic. The open enrollment period is set,” says Myles Pappadato, an insurance agent based in Valencia whose firm, \u003ca href=\"http://www.quotebroker.com/\" target=\"_blank\">QuoteBroker\u003c/a>, has about 600 clients with Covered California policies. He fielded about a dozen calls the morning after the election from worried consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t make any decisions based on speculation,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, uncertainty reigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, two major Obamacare initiatives brought health insurance to millions of people: About 1.3 million of you have plans through \u003ca href=\"http://www.coveredca.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Covered California\u003c/a>, the state health insurance exchange. And about 3.7 million others joined \u003ca href=\"http://centerforhealthreporting.org/article/medi-cal-and-obamacare-more-confusing-twists\" target=\"_blank\">Medi-Cal\u003c/a>, the state’s Medicaid program for low-income residents, after it expanded its eligibility criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not yet clear how Trump and the Republican-dominated Congress will seek to pick apart Obamacare next year — or how long that could take. An outright repeal \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/repealing-the-affordable-care-act-could-be-more-complicated-than-it-looks/?utm_campaign=CHL%3A+Daily+Edition&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=37396635&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9aanSH42gAveSfgTPrn_VrHvjt7rmUC5RKZWxi67PHhBa605aa40A241EiJaXyMHY9KR_ZuAZq2d7AL4vHPFgK1V_4JA&_hsmi=37396635\" target=\"_blank\">might be difficult \u003c/a>because it would require 60 votes in the U.S. Senate to overcome a Democratic filibuster, which means the Republicans would need the support of at least eight Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans could use budget procedures instead to kill critical portions of the law, including the funding for Medicaid expansion in states like California and the federal tax credits that lower premiums for most Covered California enrollees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the subsidies go away, the vast majority of folks are not going to be able to afford their coverage. They’re struggling as it is,” Pappadato says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials from Covered California, Medi-Cal and the state Health and Human Services Agency are scrambling to figure out what’s next, but the outlook isn’t good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I cannot provide false comfort,” says Anthony Wright, executive director of the advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://www.health-access.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Health Access California\u003c/a>. “This is a real risk for coverage that millions of Californians depend on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyn Jutronich, of San Diego, came close to tears when describing the anxiety she felt before Obamacare. Jutronich, 44, has three children under the age of 12 who are now covered by Medi-Cal. She and her husband, a contractor, have a Covered California plan and receive tax credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When my child got sick or injured, I used to ask myself, ‘How am I going to pay for this?’ That burden was completely relieved” by Obamacare, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thought of having to go back to that is just shattering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the law, Jutronich went without insurance for more than a year because she had preexisting medical conditions. At that time, insurers were not required to cover people who had previous medical problems, or they could charge them significantly more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The premiums for the family’s insurance — with her included — would have been about $3,000 to $4,000 a month before Obamacare, so they opted to buy a plan for the kids and her husband, because of his dangerous job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m terrified that in the near future I will have to go without insurance again, and that I will again have that horrible ‘Do I really need to take my child to the emergency room today or can it wait?’ question looming in my head,” Jutronich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California’s executive director, Peter Lee, wants to reassure consumers, saying it’s business as usual for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have some reasonable questions and those questions will take time to answer,” Lee says. “We will be working very hard to get the word out that the subsidies are available and the rules remain in place under the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health Care Services, which administers Medi-Cal, says “there are no immediate changes” to that program. It did not offer advice to Medi-Cal enrollees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jen Flory, a senior attorney at the \u003ca href=\"https://wclp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Western Center on Law & Poverty\u003c/a>, says Medi-Cal expansion enrollees should “feel free to use their Medi-Cal. If they qualify and haven’t applied, they should still apply. No new law has been passed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’ve been waiting to get a medical procedure or delaying an exam, “don’t put anything off,” Flory suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Ed Hernandez, D-West Covina, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://shea.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Senate Health Committee\u003c/a>, also wants Californians to keep enrolling in the coverage they’re eligible for and using the coverage they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Continue doing what you’ve been doing. You have health insurance. Use it as you need it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez expects California lawmakers to do “everything we can to protect patients to make sure they have access to health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could that include finding state money to replace any federal funding that may be cut?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to ask ourselves the billion-dollar question: Does the state take on that responsibility?” Hernandez says. “That’s a discussion the state Legislature will have to have, but we’re not there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright, of Health Access, urges Californians to advocate for themselves in the meantime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until something happens, people should sign up for the benefits and then join the political fight to keep them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Kolsin, a certified public accountant in Fountain Valley, agrees that consumers need to speak up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kolsin, 61, and his wife receive tax credits for their Covered California policy, and the cost of their monthly premiums would double if federal funding were cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens to people like myself who have depended on those tax credits, and all of a sudden they’re gone and now you have this huge bill?” he asks. “How do you pay for it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plans to share his opinion with lawmakers, asking them not to repeal or gut Obamacare without coming up with a replacement plan first. He wants others to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Write to the existing and new Congress members and Trump,” Kolsin says. “Fill their mailboxes, basically saying ‘Whatever you do with the Affordable Care Act, do not kill it until the day the new law goes into effect.’”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To the millions of Californians who obtained health insurance as a result of the Affordable Care Act, know this: Despite the election of Donald Trump, who has promised to repeal the health law, nothing is going to happen to your coverage immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, open enrollment for Covered California plans continues through January 31 despite the election outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t panic. The open enrollment period is set,” says Myles Pappadato, an insurance agent based in Valencia whose firm, \u003ca href=\"http://www.quotebroker.com/\" target=\"_blank\">QuoteBroker\u003c/a>, has about 600 clients with Covered California policies. He fielded about a dozen calls the morning after the election from worried consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t make any decisions based on speculation,” he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, uncertainty reigns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, two major Obamacare initiatives brought health insurance to millions of people: About 1.3 million of you have plans through \u003ca href=\"http://www.coveredca.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Covered California\u003c/a>, the state health insurance exchange. And about 3.7 million others joined \u003ca href=\"http://centerforhealthreporting.org/article/medi-cal-and-obamacare-more-confusing-twists\" target=\"_blank\">Medi-Cal\u003c/a>, the state’s Medicaid program for low-income residents, after it expanded its eligibility criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not yet clear how Trump and the Republican-dominated Congress will seek to pick apart Obamacare next year — or how long that could take. An outright repeal \u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/news/repealing-the-affordable-care-act-could-be-more-complicated-than-it-looks/?utm_campaign=CHL%3A+Daily+Edition&utm_source=hs_email&utm_medium=email&utm_content=37396635&_hsenc=p2ANqtz-9aanSH42gAveSfgTPrn_VrHvjt7rmUC5RKZWxi67PHhBa605aa40A241EiJaXyMHY9KR_ZuAZq2d7AL4vHPFgK1V_4JA&_hsmi=37396635\" target=\"_blank\">might be difficult \u003c/a>because it would require 60 votes in the U.S. Senate to overcome a Democratic filibuster, which means the Republicans would need the support of at least eight Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans could use budget procedures instead to kill critical portions of the law, including the funding for Medicaid expansion in states like California and the federal tax credits that lower premiums for most Covered California enrollees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the subsidies go away, the vast majority of folks are not going to be able to afford their coverage. They’re struggling as it is,” Pappadato says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials from Covered California, Medi-Cal and the state Health and Human Services Agency are scrambling to figure out what’s next, but the outlook isn’t good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I cannot provide false comfort,” says Anthony Wright, executive director of the advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://www.health-access.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Health Access California\u003c/a>. “This is a real risk for coverage that millions of Californians depend on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyn Jutronich, of San Diego, came close to tears when describing the anxiety she felt before Obamacare. Jutronich, 44, has three children under the age of 12 who are now covered by Medi-Cal. She and her husband, a contractor, have a Covered California plan and receive tax credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When my child got sick or injured, I used to ask myself, ‘How am I going to pay for this?’ That burden was completely relieved” by Obamacare, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The thought of having to go back to that is just shattering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the law, Jutronich went without insurance for more than a year because she had preexisting medical conditions. At that time, insurers were not required to cover people who had previous medical problems, or they could charge them significantly more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The premiums for the family’s insurance — with her included — would have been about $3,000 to $4,000 a month before Obamacare, so they opted to buy a plan for the kids and her husband, because of his dangerous job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m terrified that in the near future I will have to go without insurance again, and that I will again have that horrible ‘Do I really need to take my child to the emergency room today or can it wait?’ question looming in my head,” Jutronich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covered California’s executive director, Peter Lee, wants to reassure consumers, saying it’s business as usual for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have some reasonable questions and those questions will take time to answer,” Lee says. “We will be working very hard to get the word out that the subsidies are available and the rules remain in place under the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Health Care Services, which administers Medi-Cal, says “there are no immediate changes” to that program. It did not offer advice to Medi-Cal enrollees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jen Flory, a senior attorney at the \u003ca href=\"https://wclp.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Western Center on Law & Poverty\u003c/a>, says Medi-Cal expansion enrollees should “feel free to use their Medi-Cal. If they qualify and haven’t applied, they should still apply. No new law has been passed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you’ve been waiting to get a medical procedure or delaying an exam, “don’t put anything off,” Flory suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Ed Hernandez, D-West Covina, chair of the \u003ca href=\"http://shea.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Senate Health Committee\u003c/a>, also wants Californians to keep enrolling in the coverage they’re eligible for and using the coverage they have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Continue doing what you’ve been doing. You have health insurance. Use it as you need it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez expects California lawmakers to do “everything we can to protect patients to make sure they have access to health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could that include finding state money to replace any federal funding that may be cut?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to ask ourselves the billion-dollar question: Does the state take on that responsibility?” Hernandez says. “That’s a discussion the state Legislature will have to have, but we’re not there yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wright, of Health Access, urges Californians to advocate for themselves in the meantime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Until something happens, people should sign up for the benefits and then join the political fight to keep them,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeffrey Kolsin, a certified public accountant in Fountain Valley, agrees that consumers need to speak up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kolsin, 61, and his wife receive tax credits for their Covered California policy, and the cost of their monthly premiums would double if federal funding were cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What happens to people like myself who have depended on those tax credits, and all of a sudden they’re gone and now you have this huge bill?” he asks. “How do you pay for it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He plans to share his opinion with lawmakers, asking them not to repeal or gut Obamacare without coming up with a replacement plan first. 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"disqusTitle": "Will Legal Marijuana Lead to More People Smoking Tobacco?",
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"content": "\u003cp>California's decision to legalize marijuana was touted as a victory for those who had argued that the state needed a system to decriminalize, regulate and tax it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new law, approved by voters on Nov. 8, also could be a boon to the tobacco industry at a time when cigarette smoking is down and cigarette companies are looking for ways to expand their market, according to researchers in Los Angeles County and around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They warn that unless the state proceeds carefully, the legalization of marijuana for recreational use could roll back some of the gains California has made in reducing the use of tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a concern that there could be a potential renormalization of smoking,\" says Michael Ong, an associate professor at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ong says it will depend on how the initiative is implemented, whether officials follow through on the regulation, and how involved public health officials are with it. \"It will be important to make sure that we don't have a setback in terms of what we have done for clean air in California ... and what we have done to reduce tobacco's harms,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethan Nadelmann, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, which supports marijuana legalization, defended the measure, saying there is no evidence that legalization leads to increased cannabis consumption — or tobacco smoking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's adult smoking rate is the second-lowest in the country, at 11.6 percent, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/Documents/CDPH%20CTCP%20Refresh/Research%20and%20Evaluation/Facts%20and%20Figures/FactsFigures2016PrePrintEditionV2.pdf?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000618\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>. The smoking rate dropped by more than 50 percent between 1988 and 2014, cutting health care costs and reducing tobacco-related diseases, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headway against smoking over the past few decades is due to a combination of factors, including tobacco taxes, laws restricting where people can smoke, and broad-based media campaigns and programs to help people quit. Despite the decline in smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased dramatically over the past few years, with nearly 10 percent of adults ages 18 through 24 now using them, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another ballot initiative passed by voters last week could push the smoking rate even lower. Prop. 56 will add $2 per pack to the tax on cigarettes and increases taxes on electronic cigarettes that contain nicotine and other tobacco products. The money will help pay for health care and increase funding for tobacco control and prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marijuana initiative, Prop. 64, allows adults ages 21 and over to grow, buy and possess small amounts of marijuana for personal use. It also regulates recreational marijuana businesses and imposes taxes that will help pay for drug education and prevention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a pediatrics professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, says she is concerned that there may not be enough education and prevention written into the proposition, especially targeted at youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is already the most widely used illegal drug among adolescents. Many young people consider marijuana and blunts, which are marijuana rolled with a tobacco leaf wrapper, to be more socially acceptable and less risky than cigarettes, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746339\" target=\"_blank\">recent study\u003c/a> co-authored by Halpern-Felsher. The study also found that youths who saw messages about the benefits of marijuana were more likely to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blunts are particularly worrisome because they contain nicotine as well as marijuana, Halpern-Felsher says. Many young people may not understand the risk of blunts or marijuana, she notes, and once they start thinking that smoking one product is acceptable, they may believe it's OK to smoke other things as well. \"That's my concern,\" she says. \"I do think people are going to generalize.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the tobacco industry's point of view, marijuana could serve as a \"smoke inhalation trainer,\" and thus become a gateway to tobacco use, says Robert K. Jackler, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine who researches tobacco advertising. He says tobacco and marijuana are marketed in similar ways — as products to help people relax and ease their stress. \"There is tremendous overlap potential,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tobacco companies could easily try to exploit that similarity to enter the marijuana market, Jackler says. They already have enormous influence on state laws and regulations, and could try to set up small dispensaries and make marijuana another one of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tobacco industry is always looking for replacement products because, at least in America, smoking is down,\" he says. \"This will give them a new entry into the market. They are best equipped to exploit this market opportunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the tobacco industry considered getting into the marijuana market in the 1960s and 70s and could easily do so, says Stanton Glantz, a professor at University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. Glantz believes that even as the newly approved tobacco tax reduces California's smoking rate further, legalized marijuana will help sustain the tobacco market. He says he expected to see mass marketing and branding of marijuana over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with some therapeutic benefits of marijuana, there are also health risks, Glantz says. \"The likely costs that are going to be incurred by all the marijuana-induced diseases don't come close to being covered by the taxes that are written into Prop. 64,\" he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative should have included higher taxes, graphic warning labels, provisions to keep demand low and a broad-based education campaign like there is on tobacco, Glantz argues. \"The ideal situation is where it's legal so nobody is thrown in jail, but nobody wants to buy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization supporters said they don't believe the tobacco industry will get involved in the marijuana market until and unless federal prohibition ends. Marijuana is still illegal under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nadelmann, of the pro-marijuana Drug Policy Alliance, says it is misguided to conflate the two products. Young people can distinguish between the effects of cigarettes and marijuana, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teenagers are actually smarter than most of the adult propaganda,\" Nadelmann says. \"They know smoking cigarettes is really stupid and that smoking marijuana is not such a major issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, which publishes\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Healthline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an editorially independent service of the\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Health Care Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Legal+Marijuana+Lead+To+More+People+Smoking+Tobacco%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's decision to legalize marijuana was touted as a victory for those who had argued that the state needed a system to decriminalize, regulate and tax it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new law, approved by voters on Nov. 8, also could be a boon to the tobacco industry at a time when cigarette smoking is down and cigarette companies are looking for ways to expand their market, according to researchers in Los Angeles County and around the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They warn that unless the state proceeds carefully, the legalization of marijuana for recreational use could roll back some of the gains California has made in reducing the use of tobacco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a concern that there could be a potential renormalization of smoking,\" says Michael Ong, an associate professor at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ong says it will depend on how the initiative is implemented, whether officials follow through on the regulation, and how involved public health officials are with it. \"It will be important to make sure that we don't have a setback in terms of what we have done for clean air in California ... and what we have done to reduce tobacco's harms,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ethan Nadelmann, executive director of the Drug Policy Alliance, which supports marijuana legalization, defended the measure, saying there is no evidence that legalization leads to increased cannabis consumption — or tobacco smoking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's adult smoking rate is the second-lowest in the country, at 11.6 percent, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/tobacco/Documents/CDPH%20CTCP%20Refresh/Research%20and%20Evaluation/Facts%20and%20Figures/FactsFigures2016PrePrintEditionV2.pdf?ncid=txtlnkusaolp00000618\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Public Health\u003c/a>. The smoking rate dropped by more than 50 percent between 1988 and 2014, cutting health care costs and reducing tobacco-related diseases, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headway against smoking over the past few decades is due to a combination of factors, including tobacco taxes, laws restricting where people can smoke, and broad-based media campaigns and programs to help people quit. Despite the decline in smoking, the use of e-cigarettes has increased dramatically over the past few years, with nearly 10 percent of adults ages 18 through 24 now using them, according to the department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another ballot initiative passed by voters last week could push the smoking rate even lower. Prop. 56 will add $2 per pack to the tax on cigarettes and increases taxes on electronic cigarettes that contain nicotine and other tobacco products. The money will help pay for health care and increase funding for tobacco control and prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The marijuana initiative, Prop. 64, allows adults ages 21 and over to grow, buy and possess small amounts of marijuana for personal use. It also regulates recreational marijuana businesses and imposes taxes that will help pay for drug education and prevention programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonnie Halpern-Felsher, a pediatrics professor at the Stanford University School of Medicine, says she is concerned that there may not be enough education and prevention written into the proposition, especially targeted at youth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana is already the most widely used illegal drug among adolescents. Many young people consider marijuana and blunts, which are marijuana rolled with a tobacco leaf wrapper, to be more socially acceptable and less risky than cigarettes, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27746339\" target=\"_blank\">recent study\u003c/a> co-authored by Halpern-Felsher. The study also found that youths who saw messages about the benefits of marijuana were more likely to use it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blunts are particularly worrisome because they contain nicotine as well as marijuana, Halpern-Felsher says. Many young people may not understand the risk of blunts or marijuana, she notes, and once they start thinking that smoking one product is acceptable, they may believe it's OK to smoke other things as well. \"That's my concern,\" she says. \"I do think people are going to generalize.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the tobacco industry's point of view, marijuana could serve as a \"smoke inhalation trainer,\" and thus become a gateway to tobacco use, says Robert K. Jackler, a professor at the Stanford School of Medicine who researches tobacco advertising. He says tobacco and marijuana are marketed in similar ways — as products to help people relax and ease their stress. \"There is tremendous overlap potential,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tobacco companies could easily try to exploit that similarity to enter the marijuana market, Jackler says. They already have enormous influence on state laws and regulations, and could try to set up small dispensaries and make marijuana another one of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The tobacco industry is always looking for replacement products because, at least in America, smoking is down,\" he says. \"This will give them a new entry into the market. They are best equipped to exploit this market opportunity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the tobacco industry considered getting into the marijuana market in the 1960s and 70s and could easily do so, says Stanton Glantz, a professor at University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine. Glantz believes that even as the newly approved tobacco tax reduces California's smoking rate further, legalized marijuana will help sustain the tobacco market. He says he expected to see mass marketing and branding of marijuana over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with some therapeutic benefits of marijuana, there are also health risks, Glantz says. \"The likely costs that are going to be incurred by all the marijuana-induced diseases don't come close to being covered by the taxes that are written into Prop. 64,\" he warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative should have included higher taxes, graphic warning labels, provisions to keep demand low and a broad-based education campaign like there is on tobacco, Glantz argues. \"The ideal situation is where it's legal so nobody is thrown in jail, but nobody wants to buy it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legalization supporters said they don't believe the tobacco industry will get involved in the marijuana market until and unless federal prohibition ends. Marijuana is still illegal under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nadelmann, of the pro-marijuana Drug Policy Alliance, says it is misguided to conflate the two products. Young people can distinguish between the effects of cigarettes and marijuana, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teenagers are actually smarter than most of the adult propaganda,\" Nadelmann says. \"They know smoking cigarettes is really stupid and that smoking marijuana is not such a major issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Kaiser Health News\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, which publishes\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Healthline\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an editorially independent service of the\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>California Health Care Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Will+Legal+Marijuana+Lead+To+More+People+Smoking+Tobacco%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Rules About Violence Against Health Workers Could Become a Model",
"title": "California Rules About Violence Against Health Workers Could Become a Model",
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"content": "\u003cp>Workers in California's hospitals and doctors' offices may be less likely to get hit, kicked, bitten or grabbed under workplace standards adopted by a state workplace safety board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators within the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health approved \u003ca href=\"http://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/Workplace-Violence-Prevention-in-Health-Care-txtbdconsider.pdf\">a rule\u003c/a> last Thursday that would require hospitals and other employers of health professionals to develop violence prevention protocols and involve workers in the process. The standard now will be reviewed by the Office of Administrative Law, which proponents expect will approve the new rules. The earliest they could take effect would be January 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a landmark day for the entire country,\" said Bonnie Castillo, a registered nurse who is director of health and safety for the California Nurses Association/National Nurses United, which represents 185,000 registered nurses across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some states, including California, New York, Illinois and New Jersey require public employers to take preventive measures, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://nursingworld.org/workplaceviolence\" target=\"_blank\">American Nurses Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cal/OSHA rules apply to private health care facilities in the state and are more robust than existing workplace protection rules, union officials say. Site-specific assessments will be done to identify violence risks, and the resulting plans to prevent injuries will address concerns identified by workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California has now set the bar with the strongest workplace violence regulation in the nation,\" wrote Castillo in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two unions, the California Nurses Association and the Service Employees International Union, have been pushing for more comprehensive protections because of what they see as an alarming rate of health care workplace assaults, such as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/10/20/449200736/5-years-after-a-murder-calif-hospital-still-struggles-with-violence\">2010 strangling death of a nurse\u003c/a> at a state-run psychiatric hospital in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, [violence] is sort of a daily occurrence,\" said Kathy Hughes, a registered nurse and spokesperson for the SEIU Nurse Alliance of California. She said her union formed a campaign and talked to hundreds of health care professionals, many of whom had accepted the idea that assaults happen at work. But \"violence shouldn't be part of the job,\" said Hughes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Nurses Association sponsored the 2014 bill that required the board to adopt the violence prevention rules this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/675858.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">research\u003c/a> shows that health care workers are at a \"substantially higher\" risk of workplace violence than the average worker. In 2013, for example, private-sector hospital workers were five times more likely to take time off from work because of an injury caused by violence than a typical private sector worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workplace safety standards already exist in California, but the Cal/OSHA rules are specifically designed to prevent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can't be a cookie-cutter approach,\" said Hughes, adding that emergency departments and pediatric care units pose different dangers to workers, so safety protocols can't simply be a canned plan found on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the California Nurses Association and SEIU say they hope the new California standards will become a national model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testimony at hearings leading up to the approval of the rules to prevent violence suggest that worker assaults vary in severity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a student nurse at a San Francisco hospital, Amy Erb \u003ca href=\"http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/DoshReg/Workplace-Violence-in-Healthcare/Meeting-minutes.2015-04-01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">remembered\u003c/a> being kicked in the head by an agitated, confused patient with a traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other health care workers told stories about patients throwing lamps, lifting caregivers up by their necks or stuffing dirt into the mouths of their colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new rules, California employers wouldn't be liable for every act of violence against a worker, such as a mass shooting, but they could be cited by Cal/OSHA for not following protocols, Hughes said. The standard applies to hospital-affiliated facilities and clinics, including home health care settings and drug treatment programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals and physicians were at the table when regulators hammered out the workplace rules. The California Hospital Association didn't provide comment for this story, but it had been opposed to creating new standards when lawmakers looked at the issue in 2014. Hospitals also wanted \"workplace violence\" to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Workplace-Violence-in-Healthcare/Comments/Cal-OSHA-Workplace-Violence-Letter-Nov14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">better defined\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital trade association said several recent trends may contribute to violence at health care facilities. Cuts to mental health care services lead to more psychiatric patients in hospitals. The aging patient population may include more Alzheimer's patients, some with aggressive tendencies. And hospitals caring for current or recently released prisoners face a higher risk of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>,\u003cem> which publishes \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>,\u003cem> an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Rules+About+Violence+Against+Health+Workers+Could+Become+A+Model&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Workers in California's hospitals and doctors' offices may be less likely to get hit, kicked, bitten or grabbed under workplace standards adopted by a state workplace safety board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators within the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health approved \u003ca href=\"http://www.dir.ca.gov/oshsb/documents/Workplace-Violence-Prevention-in-Health-Care-txtbdconsider.pdf\">a rule\u003c/a> last Thursday that would require hospitals and other employers of health professionals to develop violence prevention protocols and involve workers in the process. The standard now will be reviewed by the Office of Administrative Law, which proponents expect will approve the new rules. The earliest they could take effect would be January 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a landmark day for the entire country,\" said Bonnie Castillo, a registered nurse who is director of health and safety for the California Nurses Association/National Nurses United, which represents 185,000 registered nurses across the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some states, including California, New York, Illinois and New Jersey require public employers to take preventive measures, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://nursingworld.org/workplaceviolence\" target=\"_blank\">American Nurses Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cal/OSHA rules apply to private health care facilities in the state and are more robust than existing workplace protection rules, union officials say. Site-specific assessments will be done to identify violence risks, and the resulting plans to prevent injuries will address concerns identified by workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California has now set the bar with the strongest workplace violence regulation in the nation,\" wrote Castillo in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two unions, the California Nurses Association and the Service Employees International Union, have been pushing for more comprehensive protections because of what they see as an alarming rate of health care workplace assaults, such as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/10/20/449200736/5-years-after-a-murder-calif-hospital-still-struggles-with-violence\">2010 strangling death of a nurse\u003c/a> at a state-run psychiatric hospital in Napa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, [violence] is sort of a daily occurrence,\" said Kathy Hughes, a registered nurse and spokesperson for the SEIU Nurse Alliance of California. She said her union formed a campaign and talked to hundreds of health care professionals, many of whom had accepted the idea that assaults happen at work. But \"violence shouldn't be part of the job,\" said Hughes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Nurses Association sponsored the 2014 bill that required the board to adopt the violence prevention rules this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/assets/680/675858.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">research\u003c/a> shows that health care workers are at a \"substantially higher\" risk of workplace violence than the average worker. In 2013, for example, private-sector hospital workers were five times more likely to take time off from work because of an injury caused by violence than a typical private sector worker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workplace safety standards already exist in California, but the Cal/OSHA rules are specifically designed to prevent violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can't be a cookie-cutter approach,\" said Hughes, adding that emergency departments and pediatric care units pose different dangers to workers, so safety protocols can't simply be a canned plan found on the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both the California Nurses Association and SEIU say they hope the new California standards will become a national model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Testimony at hearings leading up to the approval of the rules to prevent violence suggest that worker assaults vary in severity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a student nurse at a San Francisco hospital, Amy Erb \u003ca href=\"http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/DoshReg/Workplace-Violence-in-Healthcare/Meeting-minutes.2015-04-01.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">remembered\u003c/a> being kicked in the head by an agitated, confused patient with a traumatic brain injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other health care workers told stories about patients throwing lamps, lifting caregivers up by their necks or stuffing dirt into the mouths of their colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new rules, California employers wouldn't be liable for every act of violence against a worker, such as a mass shooting, but they could be cited by Cal/OSHA for not following protocols, Hughes said. The standard applies to hospital-affiliated facilities and clinics, including home health care settings and drug treatment programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hospitals and physicians were at the table when regulators hammered out the workplace rules. The California Hospital Association didn't provide comment for this story, but it had been opposed to creating new standards when lawmakers looked at the issue in 2014. Hospitals also wanted \"workplace violence\" to be \u003ca href=\"http://www.dir.ca.gov/dosh/doshreg/Workplace-Violence-in-Healthcare/Comments/Cal-OSHA-Workplace-Violence-Letter-Nov14.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">better defined\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital trade association said several recent trends may contribute to violence at health care facilities. Cuts to mental health care services lead to more psychiatric patients in hospitals. The aging patient population may include more Alzheimer's patients, some with aggressive tendencies. And hospitals caring for current or recently released prisoners face a higher risk of violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>,\u003cem> which publishes \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>,\u003cem> an editorially independent service of the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Rules+About+Violence+Against+Health+Workers+Could+Become+A+Model&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The staff of Clinica Sierra Vista, which has health centers throughout the Central Valley, screened its mostly low-income patients last year for mental health needs and determined that nearly 30 percent suffered from depression, anxiety or alcoholism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Reilly, Sierra Vista’s chief of behavioral health services, said he was concerned about the high percentage of patients afflicted, but even more so about the clinic’s ability to treat them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s in part because at health centers like Clinica Sierra Vista, a large group of mental health providers are excluded from reimbursement by Medi-Cal, the government program for low-income Californians. But that will soon change. Gov. Jerry Brown last week signed a law allowing federally funded health centers and rural clinics to bill Medi-Cal for the services of licensed marriage and family therapists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am ecstatic that this passed,” Reilly said. “It means a lot more people are going to get attention for their behavioral health needs a lot earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, which takes effect Jan. 1, is designed to address gaps in mental health care, particularly in rural areas where recruiting and retaining behavioral health providers is a challenge. Under the current law, clinics hire licensed clinical social workers and psychologists for their Medi-Cal patients, but they often can’t find enough to meet their needs. Many clinics don’t provide behavioral health services at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40,000 marriage and family therapists are licensed in the state, compared to about 22,000 social workers and 21,000 psychologists, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.legtrack.com/bill.html?bill=201520160AB1863\" target=\"_blank\">state analysis\u003c/a> of the legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1863\" target=\"_blank\">Assembly Bill 1863\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Vista’s Reilly, who himself is a marriage and family therapist, said he expects another benefit from the law: less reliance on medication. Instead of simply being referred to doctors for prescriptions, the patients will be able to have regular counseling. Often, Reilly noted, patients’ depression or anxiety stems from family problems, domestic violence or substance use. Marriage and family therapists can help with those situations, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to mental health services has long been a challenge in California, especially for low-income residents. In 2014, millions more Californians became eligible for Medi-Cal and for mental health services under the Affordable Care Act. That put even more pressure on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law signed by the governor affects nearly 1,000 federally-funded and rural health clinics, according to the state analysis. The clinics accept patients regardless of their ability to pay and rely heavily on Medi-Cal reimbursements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, OLE Health, treats about 25,000 patients each year in Napa. CEO Tanir Ami said it’s been a challenge to find enough social workers to treat patients, many of whom have depression and anxiety, often exacerbated by poverty and inadequate housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we get to recruit from a whole other pool of qualified candidates,” Ami said. “I am hoping it will make it exponentially easier to find the workforce we need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Brown vetoed a similar bill last year. The bill’s author, Assemblyman Jim Wood, (D-Healdsburg), said the governor had been concerned about its cost. But this year, Wood said he and the bill’s supporters convinced Brown that providing more mental health services could actually reduce health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you get people the behavioral health they need, you potentially keep them out of emergency rooms, which is a huge savings,” Wood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was sponsored by CaliforniaHealth+ Advocates, an arm of the California Primary Care Association, and the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists. The California chapter of the National Association of Social Workers and the California Psychological Association opposed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The staff of Clinica Sierra Vista, which has health centers throughout the Central Valley, screened its mostly low-income patients last year for mental health needs and determined that nearly 30 percent suffered from depression, anxiety or alcoholism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Reilly, Sierra Vista’s chief of behavioral health services, said he was concerned about the high percentage of patients afflicted, but even more so about the clinic’s ability to treat them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s in part because at health centers like Clinica Sierra Vista, a large group of mental health providers are excluded from reimbursement by Medi-Cal, the government program for low-income Californians. But that will soon change. Gov. Jerry Brown last week signed a law allowing federally funded health centers and rural clinics to bill Medi-Cal for the services of licensed marriage and family therapists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am ecstatic that this passed,” Reilly said. “It means a lot more people are going to get attention for their behavioral health needs a lot earlier.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law, which takes effect Jan. 1, is designed to address gaps in mental health care, particularly in rural areas where recruiting and retaining behavioral health providers is a challenge. Under the current law, clinics hire licensed clinical social workers and psychologists for their Medi-Cal patients, but they often can’t find enough to meet their needs. Many clinics don’t provide behavioral health services at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 40,000 marriage and family therapists are licensed in the state, compared to about 22,000 social workers and 21,000 psychologists, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.legtrack.com/bill.html?bill=201520160AB1863\" target=\"_blank\">state analysis\u003c/a> of the legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1863\" target=\"_blank\">Assembly Bill 1863\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Vista’s Reilly, who himself is a marriage and family therapist, said he expects another benefit from the law: less reliance on medication. Instead of simply being referred to doctors for prescriptions, the patients will be able to have regular counseling. Often, Reilly noted, patients’ depression or anxiety stems from family problems, domestic violence or substance use. Marriage and family therapists can help with those situations, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Access to mental health services has long been a challenge in California, especially for low-income residents. In 2014, millions more Californians became eligible for Medi-Cal and for mental health services under the Affordable Care Act. That put even more pressure on the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law signed by the governor affects nearly 1,000 federally-funded and rural health clinics, according to the state analysis. The clinics accept patients regardless of their ability to pay and rely heavily on Medi-Cal reimbursements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, OLE Health, treats about 25,000 patients each year in Napa. CEO Tanir Ami said it’s been a challenge to find enough social workers to treat patients, many of whom have depression and anxiety, often exacerbated by poverty and inadequate housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now we get to recruit from a whole other pool of qualified candidates,” Ami said. “I am hoping it will make it exponentially easier to find the workforce we need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Brown vetoed a similar bill last year. The bill’s author, Assemblyman Jim Wood, (D-Healdsburg), said the governor had been concerned about its cost. But this year, Wood said he and the bill’s supporters convinced Brown that providing more mental health services could actually reduce health care costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you get people the behavioral health they need, you potentially keep them out of emergency rooms, which is a huge savings,” Wood said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill was sponsored by CaliforniaHealth+ Advocates, an arm of the California Primary Care Association, and the California Association of Marriage and Family Therapists. The California chapter of the National Association of Social Workers and the California Psychological Association opposed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Californians may soon vote to legalize recreational marijuana, which means edible products containing the drug will be more widely available and could accidentally fall into the wrong hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 64 establishes warning labeling and packaging requirements for edible products containing marijuana. But public health advocates say the goodies, when taken out of their packaging, look just like regular candy and baked goods and could still easily be consumed by mistake or in excessive amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Edibles are a huge problem,\" said Stanton Glantz, a professor of medicine at the University of California San Francisco and director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. \"They should not be made to look like candy. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, unmarked gummy candy containing marijuana sickened 19 people, who ate it unknowingly when it was served at a Quinceañera party in San Francisco. They were all taken to area hospitals and later released after experiencing symptoms including rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, lethargy and confusion, according to San Francisco Department of Public Health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen of the those people were children ranging in age from 6 to 18, the health department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2534480\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a> tracing admissions at Children's Hospital Colorado found that more kids were treated for accidental pot ingestion after legalization, increasing from 1.2 children per 100,000 population two years prior to legalization to 2.3 per 100,000 population two years after legalization, the \u003cem>Associated Press\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Colorado's new 'universal symbol' labeling requirements\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, where marijuana is already legal, officials have just beefed up their warnings on edible marijuana products. Starting Saturday, edible marijuana products in Colorado must feature a diamond-shaped stamp with the letters THC on the packaging and even on the edible items themselves. THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That way, the new \"universal symbol\" for food products containing marijuana will be seen on the products even after they are removed from packaging, the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's better than nothing,\" said Glantz, of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said a symbol right on the edible product itself may help some adults who read and understand what THC means to avoid accidentally consuming the product. But he said he doesn't think it will do much to prevent small children from accidentally eating the products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado also has new packaging rules for edible marijuana products that are not possible to stamp. For example, marijuana containing sodas must come in small single-serve bottles, AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana legalization advocates say legalizing and regulating edible products will make them safer than when they were sold in the underground market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imposition of sensible regulations on the cannabis industry, coupled with better public safety information and greater consumer responsibility and accountability, are the best strategies to address cannabis-specific health concerns due to the inadvertent ingestion or over-ingestion of edible products,” said Paul Armentano, deputy director of NORML, a marijuana legalization advocacy group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those using marijuana for medical purposes, edible products can also be problematic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think edible marijuana is one of the least desirable ways to use the product,\" said Dr. Laurie Vollen, a medical marijuana specialist at Naturally Healing MD in Albany, CA. \"It is much more difficult to titrate, the THC is metabolized into a more sedating, longer acting and more psychoactive metabolite than regular THC, and it is where people get into trouble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients who prefer an edible form of marijuana, she recommends tinctures or pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope California figures out how to prevent … mishaps,\" she said. \"As a physician, I don't recommend any kind of candy, cookie, or sweet with cannabis. Sweets are not healthy to begin with.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians may soon vote to legalize recreational marijuana, which means edible products containing the drug will be more widely available and could accidentally fall into the wrong hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 64 establishes warning labeling and packaging requirements for edible products containing marijuana. But public health advocates say the goodies, when taken out of their packaging, look just like regular candy and baked goods and could still easily be consumed by mistake or in excessive amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Edibles are a huge problem,\" said Stanton Glantz, a professor of medicine at the University of California San Francisco and director of the Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education. \"They should not be made to look like candy. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, unmarked gummy candy containing marijuana sickened 19 people, who ate it unknowingly when it was served at a Quinceañera party in San Francisco. They were all taken to area hospitals and later released after experiencing symptoms including rapid heart rate, high blood pressure, dilated pupils, dizziness, light-headedness, nausea, lethargy and confusion, according to San Francisco Department of Public Health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen of the those people were children ranging in age from 6 to 18, the health department said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://archpedi.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=2534480\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a> tracing admissions at Children's Hospital Colorado found that more kids were treated for accidental pot ingestion after legalization, increasing from 1.2 children per 100,000 population two years prior to legalization to 2.3 per 100,000 population two years after legalization, the \u003cem>Associated Press\u003c/em> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Colorado's new 'universal symbol' labeling requirements\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Colorado, where marijuana is already legal, officials have just beefed up their warnings on edible marijuana products. Starting Saturday, edible marijuana products in Colorado must feature a diamond-shaped stamp with the letters THC on the packaging and even on the edible items themselves. THC, or tetrahydrocannabinol, is the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That way, the new \"universal symbol\" for food products containing marijuana will be seen on the products even after they are removed from packaging, the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's better than nothing,\" said Glantz, of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said a symbol right on the edible product itself may help some adults who read and understand what THC means to avoid accidentally consuming the product. But he said he doesn't think it will do much to prevent small children from accidentally eating the products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado also has new packaging rules for edible marijuana products that are not possible to stamp. For example, marijuana containing sodas must come in small single-serve bottles, AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marijuana legalization advocates say legalizing and regulating edible products will make them safer than when they were sold in the underground market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The imposition of sensible regulations on the cannabis industry, coupled with better public safety information and greater consumer responsibility and accountability, are the best strategies to address cannabis-specific health concerns due to the inadvertent ingestion or over-ingestion of edible products,” said Paul Armentano, deputy director of NORML, a marijuana legalization advocacy group based in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those using marijuana for medical purposes, edible products can also be problematic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think edible marijuana is one of the least desirable ways to use the product,\" said Dr. Laurie Vollen, a medical marijuana specialist at Naturally Healing MD in Albany, CA. \"It is much more difficult to titrate, the THC is metabolized into a more sedating, longer acting and more psychoactive metabolite than regular THC, and it is where people get into trouble.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For patients who prefer an edible form of marijuana, she recommends tinctures or pills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope California figures out how to prevent … mishaps,\" she said. \"As a physician, I don't recommend any kind of candy, cookie, or sweet with cannabis. Sweets are not healthy to begin with.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Most Americans Want the Government to Rein In Prescription Drug Costs",
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"content": "\u003cp>An overwhelming majority of Americans favor government action to restrain prescription drug prices, according to a poll released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighty-two percent of those polled said they want Medicare to negotiate prices with the companies, which Congress does not allow. Seventy-eight percent favored limiting the amount companies can charge for high-cost drugs, such as those that fight cancer or hepatitis, according to \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/health-reform/report/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-september-2016\" target=\"_blank\">the poll\u003c/a> from the Kaiser Family Foundation. And more than two-thirds want to let Americans buy drugs imported from Canada. Support is strong no matter the political party. (KHN is an editorially independent program of the foundation.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The views come as the skyrocketing prices of some drugs are under intense scrutiny, with new evidence showing massive price hikes by some companies. Some members of Congress have called for investigations, but there is no consensus on how to effectively rein in the cost, particularly for lifesaving and unique treatments such as the EpiPen for people with deadly allergies and the hepatitis C-curing drug Sovaldi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll found that while a majority of Americans still believed prescription drugs developed over the past two decades have improved lives, respect is dwindling. In 2008, 73 percent of Americans said the medicines had this positive effect, but that number dropped to 62 percent in August 2015. The new poll found that now 56 percent of Americans consider the drugs beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cost could be one reason why the share of Americans who say prescription drugs have made the lives of people in the U.S. better is declining,” the pollsters wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll found that three-quarters of Americans considered drug costs unreasonable. Despite the perceived burden, the poll also discovered that 73 percent of people taking prescription medicines said it had been easy to afford their drugs. People in fair or poor health and those taking four or more drugs were more likely to say they were having trouble affording prescriptions than more healthy people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the policy ideas the respondents were asked to consider, the most popular was requiring drug companies to explain how they set drug prices, with 86 percent support. Two-thirds of Americans favored Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton’s suggestion to create an independent group to oversee drug pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other ideas were less popular, including two restricting consumers. A minority of those polled favored eliminating prescription drug advertisements, which has been suggested to quell the aggressive marketing companies do directly to consumers. Only 4 in 10 Americans favored requiring people to pay more if they don’t choose the least expensive version of a drug to treat their illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, the poll also found that only a quarter of Americans were aware that the number of people without health insurance is at a record low. Just 9 percent went without coverage last year, according to the U.S. Census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey found that the country is evenly divided about the success of the insurance marketplaces created by the Affordable Care Act to assist people without employer or government coverage. People in states that are running their own marketplaces were more positive about them than are people in states that rely on the federal website, healthcare.gov.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey was conducted between Sept. 14 and 20 among 1,204 people, using both land lines and cell phones. The margin of error was +/- 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/\" target=\"\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An overwhelming majority of Americans favor government action to restrain prescription drug prices, according to a poll released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eighty-two percent of those polled said they want Medicare to negotiate prices with the companies, which Congress does not allow. Seventy-eight percent favored limiting the amount companies can charge for high-cost drugs, such as those that fight cancer or hepatitis, according to \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/health-reform/report/kaiser-health-tracking-poll-september-2016\" target=\"_blank\">the poll\u003c/a> from the Kaiser Family Foundation. And more than two-thirds want to let Americans buy drugs imported from Canada. Support is strong no matter the political party. (KHN is an editorially independent program of the foundation.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The views come as the skyrocketing prices of some drugs are under intense scrutiny, with new evidence showing massive price hikes by some companies. Some members of Congress have called for investigations, but there is no consensus on how to effectively rein in the cost, particularly for lifesaving and unique treatments such as the EpiPen for people with deadly allergies and the hepatitis C-curing drug Sovaldi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll found that while a majority of Americans still believed prescription drugs developed over the past two decades have improved lives, respect is dwindling. In 2008, 73 percent of Americans said the medicines had this positive effect, but that number dropped to 62 percent in August 2015. The new poll found that now 56 percent of Americans consider the drugs beneficial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cost could be one reason why the share of Americans who say prescription drugs have made the lives of people in the U.S. better is declining,” the pollsters wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll found that three-quarters of Americans considered drug costs unreasonable. Despite the perceived burden, the poll also discovered that 73 percent of people taking prescription medicines said it had been easy to afford their drugs. People in fair or poor health and those taking four or more drugs were more likely to say they were having trouble affording prescriptions than more healthy people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the policy ideas the respondents were asked to consider, the most popular was requiring drug companies to explain how they set drug prices, with 86 percent support. Two-thirds of Americans favored Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton’s suggestion to create an independent group to oversee drug pricing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other ideas were less popular, including two restricting consumers. A minority of those polled favored eliminating prescription drug advertisements, which has been suggested to quell the aggressive marketing companies do directly to consumers. Only 4 in 10 Americans favored requiring people to pay more if they don’t choose the least expensive version of a drug to treat their illness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, the poll also found that only a quarter of Americans were aware that the number of people without health insurance is at a record low. Just 9 percent went without coverage last year, according to the U.S. Census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey found that the country is evenly divided about the success of the insurance marketplaces created by the Affordable Care Act to assist people without employer or government coverage. People in states that are running their own marketplaces were more positive about them than are people in states that rely on the federal website, healthcare.gov.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey was conducted between Sept. 14 and 20 among 1,204 people, using both land lines and cell phones. The margin of error was +/- 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"http://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://kff.org/\" target=\"\">Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Voters May Expand Legal Access to Marijuana in California, 8 Other States",
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"content": "\u003cp>From California, with its counterculture heritage, to the fishing ports and mill towns of Maine, millions of Americans in nine states have a chance to vote Nov. 8 on expanding legal access to marijuana. Collectively, the ballot measures amount to the closest the U.S. has come to a national referendum on the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five states — Arizona, California, Maine, Massachusetts and Nevada — will consider legalizing the recreational use of pot. Three others — Florida, Arkansas and North Dakota — will decide whether to permit marijuana for medical purposes. Montana will weigh whether to ease restrictions on an existing medical marijuana law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the most populous state, with a reputation for trend-setting, California is attracting the most attention — and money — in an intensifying debate over Proposition 64.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley tycoons and deep-pocketed donors with connections to the legal medical marijuana industry are among the top financial backers of a pro-pot campaign that has raised almost $17 million. Opponents have raised slightly more than $2 million, including a $1.4 million contribution from retired Pennsylvania art professor Julie Schauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates on both sides say passage in California would likely ignite legalization movements in other states, especially when the tax dollars start adding up. California's nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office estimated the state could collect up to $1 billion a year in marijuana taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As California goes, so goes the nation,\" said University of California, Berkeley political science professor Alan Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \"yes\" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people accounting for more than 23 percent of the U.S. population would live in states where recreational pot is legal. The jurisdictions where that's already the case — Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Washington state and the District of Columbia — have about 18 million residents, or 5.6 percent of the population. Twenty-five states allow medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to national polls, a solid majority of Americans support legalization. Gallup's latest survey gauged support at 58 percent, up from 12 percent from when the question was first posed in 1969. Gallup says 13 percent of U.S. adults report using marijuana at present, nearly double the percentage who reported using pot in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters rejected an attempt to legalize recreational marijuana in 2010 after campaign leaders struggled to raise money and support for a four-page ballot measure hastily written by the owner of a small medicinal marijuana store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, the 62-page ballot measure was crafted by political professionals and has the backing of many elected officials, including Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is running for governor in 2018. Current Gov. Jerry Brown says he's close to announcing his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would allow people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of weed and grow six marijuana plants at home. Pot sales would be subject to various tax rates that would be deposited into the state's Marijuana Tax Fund. Most of that money would be spent on substance-abuse education and treatment. Some would be used to repair environmental damage caused by illegal growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argue that the measure will do more harm than good by opening a marijuana market dominated by small farmers to corporate interests and encouraging children to use the drug through pot-laced sweets like gummy bears, cookies and brownies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal \"favors the interests of wealthy corporations over the good of the everyday consumer, adopting policies that work against public health,\" said Kevin Sabet, co-founder of the California-based advocacy group Smart Approaches to Marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napster founder and early Facebook investor Sean Parker has contributed more than $3 million to the legalization effort, which has also attracted sizable contributions from an organization backed by billionaire George Soros and another backed by Weedmaps, which rates pot stores throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge deal and it's long overdue,\" said Steven DeAngelo, owner of one of the nation's largest medicinal marijuana dispensaries and a Proposition 64 supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most of the states with marijuana ballot measures, polls have shown the \"yes\" side leading. Sabet believes opponents of legalization would attract more support if they could narrow a large fundraising gap and spread their cautionary messages. He does not buy the other side's argument that nationwide legalization will come sooner or later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Repeating that this is inevitable, and repeating they are so excited, is part of their narrative to makes folks like us feel helpless,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason Tvert of the Marijuana Policy Project, a leading pro-legalization group, said his side has a chance to win in most of the nine states, but some losses will not derail the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if a measure doesn't pass, support will grow,\" he said, citing failed ballot measures in Oregon and Colorado that preceded the victories for legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people believe marijuana should be legal. It's a question of whether opponents do a good job of scaring them out of doing it now,\" Tvert added. \"We might see people opt to wait a couple more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All five states voting on recreational marijuana have seen intense debate over the effect of legalization in the states that have already taken that step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the ballot measures make an array of claims, contending, for example, that Colorado's legalization of pot has coincided with an increase in crime in Denver and fueled a jump in the number of traffic fatalities linked to marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an analysis by three academic experts, published this month by the libertarian-leaning Cato Institute, asserted that the impact of legalization has been minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data so far provide little support for the strong claims about legalization made by either opponents or supporters,\" the analysis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard University economist Jeffrey Miron, one of the co-authors of the study, predicted Californians would approve Proposition 64, but he was less certain of the outcome in his home state of Massachusetts, where the Republican governor, Charlie Baker, and the Democratic mayor of Boston, Marty Walsh, have teamed up to oppose legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron said it's difficult to predict when legalization might get support in Congress or surge to approval in a majority of states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure if this November will get us to the tipping point. It may be two or four more years,\" he said. \"Certain things seem impossible, until all of a sudden they are possible, and they happen fast.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>From California, with its counterculture heritage, to the fishing ports and mill towns of Maine, millions of Americans in nine states have a chance to vote Nov. 8 on expanding legal access to marijuana. Collectively, the ballot measures amount to the closest the U.S. has come to a national referendum on the drug.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five states — Arizona, California, Maine, Massachusetts and Nevada — will consider legalizing the recreational use of pot. Three others — Florida, Arkansas and North Dakota — will decide whether to permit marijuana for medical purposes. Montana will weigh whether to ease restrictions on an existing medical marijuana law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the most populous state, with a reputation for trend-setting, California is attracting the most attention — and money — in an intensifying debate over Proposition 64.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silicon Valley tycoons and deep-pocketed donors with connections to the legal medical marijuana industry are among the top financial backers of a pro-pot campaign that has raised almost $17 million. Opponents have raised slightly more than $2 million, including a $1.4 million contribution from retired Pennsylvania art professor Julie Schauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates on both sides say passage in California would likely ignite legalization movements in other states, especially when the tax dollars start adding up. California's nonpartisan Legislative Analyst's Office estimated the state could collect up to $1 billion a year in marijuana taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As California goes, so goes the nation,\" said University of California, Berkeley political science professor Alan Ross.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \"yes\" votes prevail across the country, about 75 million people accounting for more than 23 percent of the U.S. population would live in states where recreational pot is legal. The jurisdictions where that's already the case — Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, Washington state and the District of Columbia — have about 18 million residents, or 5.6 percent of the population. Twenty-five states allow medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to national polls, a solid majority of Americans support legalization. Gallup's latest survey gauged support at 58 percent, up from 12 percent from when the question was first posed in 1969. Gallup says 13 percent of U.S. adults report using marijuana at present, nearly double the percentage who reported using pot in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California voters rejected an attempt to legalize recreational marijuana in 2010 after campaign leaders struggled to raise money and support for a four-page ballot measure hastily written by the owner of a small medicinal marijuana store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, the 62-page ballot measure was crafted by political professionals and has the backing of many elected officials, including Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom, who is running for governor in 2018. Current Gov. Jerry Brown says he's close to announcing his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would allow people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of weed and grow six marijuana plants at home. Pot sales would be subject to various tax rates that would be deposited into the state's Marijuana Tax Fund. Most of that money would be spent on substance-abuse education and treatment. Some would be used to repair environmental damage caused by illegal growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents argue that the measure will do more harm than good by opening a marijuana market dominated by small farmers to corporate interests and encouraging children to use the drug through pot-laced sweets like gummy bears, cookies and brownies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal \"favors the interests of wealthy corporations over the good of the everyday consumer, adopting policies that work against public health,\" said Kevin Sabet, co-founder of the California-based advocacy group Smart Approaches to Marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Napster founder and early Facebook investor Sean Parker has contributed more than $3 million to the legalization effort, which has also attracted sizable contributions from an organization backed by billionaire George Soros and another backed by Weedmaps, which rates pot stores throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a huge deal and it's long overdue,\" said Steven DeAngelo, owner of one of the nation's largest medicinal marijuana dispensaries and a Proposition 64 supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In most of the states with marijuana ballot measures, polls have shown the \"yes\" side leading. Sabet believes opponents of legalization would attract more support if they could narrow a large fundraising gap and spread their cautionary messages. He does not buy the other side's argument that nationwide legalization will come sooner or later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Repeating that this is inevitable, and repeating they are so excited, is part of their narrative to makes folks like us feel helpless,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mason Tvert of the Marijuana Policy Project, a leading pro-legalization group, said his side has a chance to win in most of the nine states, but some losses will not derail the movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if a measure doesn't pass, support will grow,\" he said, citing failed ballot measures in Oregon and Colorado that preceded the victories for legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most people believe marijuana should be legal. It's a question of whether opponents do a good job of scaring them out of doing it now,\" Tvert added. \"We might see people opt to wait a couple more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All five states voting on recreational marijuana have seen intense debate over the effect of legalization in the states that have already taken that step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the ballot measures make an array of claims, contending, for example, that Colorado's legalization of pot has coincided with an increase in crime in Denver and fueled a jump in the number of traffic fatalities linked to marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, an analysis by three academic experts, published this month by the libertarian-leaning Cato Institute, asserted that the impact of legalization has been minimal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The data so far provide little support for the strong claims about legalization made by either opponents or supporters,\" the analysis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard University economist Jeffrey Miron, one of the co-authors of the study, predicted Californians would approve Proposition 64, but he was less certain of the outcome in his home state of Massachusetts, where the Republican governor, Charlie Baker, and the Democratic mayor of Boston, Marty Walsh, have teamed up to oppose legalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miron said it's difficult to predict when legalization might get support in Congress or surge to approval in a majority of states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm not sure if this November will get us to the tipping point. It may be two or four more years,\" he said. \"Certain things seem impossible, until all of a sudden they are possible, and they happen fast.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Women Will Soon Be Able to Get a Year's Supply of Birth Control",
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"content": "\u003cp>California women will only have to make one trip a year to the pharmacy to pick up birth control under a new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown recently signed a bill to allow pharmacists to dispense 12 months of hormonal contraceptives at one time. This will make it more convenient for women in the state, who previously, were only able to get a three months supply at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law will also requires insurance companies to cover a year's supply of doctor-prescribed birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's author, Democratic Sen. Fran Pavley of Agoura Hills, and other supporters, said longer supplies will reduce skipped doses and prevent unintended pregnancies and abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the demands of work and family, women can’t always find time to run off to a drug store to refill an ongoing prescription,” Pavley said in a written statement. “Unlike with other medications, to go even a day or two without birth control can result in a serious consequence. This change will make women’s lives easier and dramatically reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A University of California San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://bixbycenter.ucsf.edu/news/making-one-year-supply-birth-control-national-standard\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> found that a 12-month supply of birth control decreased unplanned pregnancies by 30 percent, compared with a supply of just one or three months. The study also found that giving women a one-year supply of birth control reduced the odds of an abortion by 46 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California joins Oregon and Washington D.C. in passing laws allowing for access to a year's supply of birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health insurance associations had opposed the change, claiming it could result in duplicate coverage by different insurers and more wasted medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law will take effect on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California women will only have to make one trip a year to the pharmacy to pick up birth control under a new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown recently signed a bill to allow pharmacists to dispense 12 months of hormonal contraceptives at one time. This will make it more convenient for women in the state, who previously, were only able to get a three months supply at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law will also requires insurance companies to cover a year's supply of doctor-prescribed birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill's author, Democratic Sen. Fran Pavley of Agoura Hills, and other supporters, said longer supplies will reduce skipped doses and prevent unintended pregnancies and abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given the demands of work and family, women can’t always find time to run off to a drug store to refill an ongoing prescription,” Pavley said in a written statement. “Unlike with other medications, to go even a day or two without birth control can result in a serious consequence. This change will make women’s lives easier and dramatically reduce the risk of unintended pregnancy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A University of California San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://bixbycenter.ucsf.edu/news/making-one-year-supply-birth-control-national-standard\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> found that a 12-month supply of birth control decreased unplanned pregnancies by 30 percent, compared with a supply of just one or three months. The study also found that giving women a one-year supply of birth control reduced the odds of an abortion by 46 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California joins Oregon and Washington D.C. in passing laws allowing for access to a year's supply of birth control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health insurance associations had opposed the change, claiming it could result in duplicate coverage by different insurers and more wasted medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law will take effect on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[audio mp3=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2016/09/Medicated-Foster-Kida-mp3-1.mp3\"][/audio]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/reports/summary/2015-131\">scathing state audit\u003c/a> on the widespread use of psychotropic medication in California’s foster care system will take center stage at a California Senate Oversight Committee hearing on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit found that California and its counties have “failed to adequately oversee the prescribing of these medications.” These medications are used to treat mental illnesses ranging from depression to schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster children require more mental health services than their peers, according to the American Psychological Association, yet youth advocates say the drugs are over-prescribed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are our state’s children,\" said Bill Grimm, senior attorney for the \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>. \"We take them away from their parents and we make a bargain and a promise that we will do better by these children and for too many foster children we don’t do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 12 percent of California's foster youth are on psychotropic medications in comparison to 4-10 percent of youth who are not in the foster system, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these medications can assist young people struggling with mental illness, the audit listed gaps in the oversight of medication use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many foster children did not receive recommended follow-up or complementary care, and at times counties failed to obtain required court or parental approval for children to take these medications, the audit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some mental health officials said the report was flawed. \u003ca href=\"http://www.calpsych.org/\">California Psychiatric Association\u003c/a> co-chair Dr. George Fouras said it's problematic to give significant weight to an audit created by actuaries and not doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing could put pressure on state agencies and the legislature to fill in the identified gaps in service. It also comes as three bills that would put into place some oversight measures for how such drugs are prescribed to foster children await Gov. Jerry Brown's signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tisha Ortiz, a former foster child who's now a 24-year-old college student, said she feels she was over-medicated in her childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 14, she was put on two antipsychotics, one mood stabilizer, and an antidepressant -- 12 pills a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It basically felt like I was being heavily sedated as a chemical restraint,\" she said, adding that she felt doctors did not treat her underlying trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her medications caused side effects such as weight gain, an irregular heartbeat, and ticks throughout her body, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now as a young adult, she said she takes no medications and uses other therapeutic outlets like exercising and playing with her dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.auditor.ca.gov/reports/summary/2015-131\">scathing state audit\u003c/a> on the widespread use of psychotropic medication in California’s foster care system will take center stage at a California Senate Oversight Committee hearing on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The audit found that California and its counties have “failed to adequately oversee the prescribing of these medications.” These medications are used to treat mental illnesses ranging from depression to schizophrenia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster children require more mental health services than their peers, according to the American Psychological Association, yet youth advocates say the drugs are over-prescribed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These are our state’s children,\" said Bill Grimm, senior attorney for the \u003ca href=\"http://youthlaw.org/\">National Center for Youth Law\u003c/a>. \"We take them away from their parents and we make a bargain and a promise that we will do better by these children and for too many foster children we don’t do that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 12 percent of California's foster youth are on psychotropic medications in comparison to 4-10 percent of youth who are not in the foster system, the report found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these medications can assist young people struggling with mental illness, the audit listed gaps in the oversight of medication use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many foster children did not receive recommended follow-up or complementary care, and at times counties failed to obtain required court or parental approval for children to take these medications, the audit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some mental health officials said the report was flawed. \u003ca href=\"http://www.calpsych.org/\">California Psychiatric Association\u003c/a> co-chair Dr. George Fouras said it's problematic to give significant weight to an audit created by actuaries and not doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing could put pressure on state agencies and the legislature to fill in the identified gaps in service. It also comes as three bills that would put into place some oversight measures for how such drugs are prescribed to foster children await Gov. Jerry Brown's signature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tisha Ortiz, a former foster child who's now a 24-year-old college student, said she feels she was over-medicated in her childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 14, she was put on two antipsychotics, one mood stabilizer, and an antidepressant -- 12 pills a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It basically felt like I was being heavily sedated as a chemical restraint,\" she said, adding that she felt doctors did not treat her underlying trauma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her medications caused side effects such as weight gain, an irregular heartbeat, and ticks throughout her body, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now as a young adult, she said she takes no medications and uses other therapeutic outlets like exercising and playing with her dog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Voters Revisit 1950s Debate Over Whether Fluoride Should be Added to Drinking Water",
"title": "Voters Revisit 1950s Debate Over Whether Fluoride Should be Added to Drinking Water",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Many people take for granted the addition of fluoride into public drinking water systems that aims to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">prevent tooth decay\u003c/a>. It’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">seven-decade-old public health effort\u003c/a>. But it’s not nearly as universally accepted as one might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least seven cities or towns across the country debated it just this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">For example, \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/news/opinion/editorial-fluoride-vote-acknowledges-passion-yield/nrsfP/\" target=\"_blank\">Wellington, Fla.\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">, decided to add fluoride back into the water in July after the city council voted two years ago to remove it. Across the country in \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5767942-181/healdsburg-voters-will-again-decide\" target=\"_blank\">Healdsburg, Calif.\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">, voters will revisit a ballot question in November regarding whether to stop adding the mineral to the water supply.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has always been periodic discussion,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.dentistry.uiowa.edu/steven-m-levy\" target=\"_blank\">Steven Levy\u003c/a>, a dentistry professor at the University of Iowa. Levy is involved in an Iowa-based longitudinal study that tracks fluoride intake and its effects on children’s bones. “We are seeing more challenges now because of the communication explosion with the internet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate started well before 1945 when Grand Rapids, Mich., became the first U.S. city to add fluoride to its water supply. In the decades since, opposition usually stems from studies linking fluoride intake by children with lower IQs, higher rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and potential toxicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, fluoridation has become a fairly common practice, with about 74 percent of the population receiving fluoridated water from community water systems, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/fsgrowth.htm.http:/www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/fsgrowth.htm.\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. But the intervention, which is considered by the CDC to be one of the 10 top public health achievements of the 20th century and backed by the American Dental Association and the World Health Organization, also continues to raise grass roots concerns. These \u003ca href=\"http://fluoridealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\">arguments\u003c/a> range from casting fluoride as unnecessary and ineffective to efforts to paint the mineral as “mass medication” and a “damaging environmental pollutant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fluoridation is not safe or cost-effective,” said Bill Osmunson, director of the Fluoride Action Network, a national organization against fluoridation of water supplies, adding that people should be given the freedom of choice so they can avoid ingesting excess fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wellington, Mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellingtonfl.gov/government/village-council/councilwoman-anne-gerwig#ad-image-1\" target=\"_blank\">Anne Gerwig\u003c/a> often fields angry emails on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I watch the videos that they email me, I read the information they send me,” Gerwig said. Gerwig has no background in science, but she read studies and fact-checked the claims being made by the town’s residents. Gerwig said she decided to support fluoridation after she found scientific consensus about the benefits of fluoridation in preventing tooth decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC, for instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/basics/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">considers\u003c/a> water fluoridation to be the most cost-effective method of delivering fluoride to all, reducing tooth decay by 25 percent in children and adults.\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Tooth decay\u003c/a> is still one of the most common chronic conditions among children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big thing about community water fluoridation is that it’s a passive intervention, you don’t really have to do anything other than drink tap water,” said Katherine Weno, oral health director at the CDC. “You don’t have to buy a product or access to a dental professional. It \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/oral_health_disparities/\">benefits\u003c/a> people who don’t have money to go to a dentist or don’t have any insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some question the need for continued fluoridation, especially as products such as toothpaste and rinses containing fluoride are available, and because the chemical’s levels vary and indications of harm are not always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/philippe-grandjean/\" target=\"_blank\">Philippe Grandjean\u003c/a>, an adjunct professor at Harvard University School of Public Health, has authored a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Grandjean%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22820538\" target=\"_blank\">couple of studies\u003c/a> questioning the need for the added fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our dental health is clearly much less dependent on fluoride in drinking water than way back when this important public health intervention was initiated,” Grandjean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/fluoridated-drinking-water/\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard Public Health article\u003c/a>, Grandjean commented about the need for more research about populations that may be vulnerable to the mineral and the proper dose of it in drinking water. In response, the article drew multiple critical \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/letters-in-response-to-is-fluoridated-drinking-water-safe/\" target=\"_blank\">letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The article misrepresents the current state of the science of community water fluoridation, and does not provide a fair and balanced perspective,” wrote Francis Kim and Scott L. Tomar from the American Association of Public Health Dentistry and Bruce Donoff, dean of the Harvard School of Dental Medicine in \u003ca href=\"https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2016/04/Fluoride-letter-Frantsve-Hawley.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one of the letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New studies are published almost every year that bring up concerns about fluoridation in drinking water, linking the intake with various \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/\" target=\"_blank\">developmental\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-015-0003-1\" target=\"_blank\">issues\u003c/a> and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/women/news/20150225/fluoride-in-drinking-water-tied-to-higher-rates-of-underactive-thyroid\" target=\"_blank\">thyroid problems\u003c/a>, issues that Osmunson also brought up. Weno and Levy said those studies were performed in places where natural fluoride levels are higher and where residents may get fluoride through milk or salt rather than water. Excessive fluoride intake does have health implications — \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/fluoridation/en/\" target=\"_blank\">a problem\u003c/a> commonly found in places with high concentrations of natural fluoride such as China, India and Africa. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/read/11571/chapter/2#3\" target=\"_blank\">Most Americans\u003c/a> receive water with low natural levels of fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials also monitor and review what is appropriate. The Department of Health and Human Services in April 2015 released new recommendations for fluoride levels in drinking water, updating and replacing the level in place since 1962 in order to reflect the fact that Americans now have more sources of fluoride in toothpaste, mouthwashes and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other towns continue to wrestle with the issue. In July, the commissioners of \u003ca href=\"http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2016/jul/20/soddy-daisy-nixes-water-fluoridation/376861/\" target=\"_blank\">Soddy-Daisy, Tenn.\u003c/a>, voted to stop adding fluoride and \u003ca href=\"http://www.houstonherald.com/news/council-to-leave-fluoride-in-water-supply-discusses-ordinances/article_aa9d7178-4dbb-11e6-b57c-8bbf000939c4.html\" target=\"_blank\">Houston’s\u003c/a> city council chose to leave it in. In August, \u003ca href=\"http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/port-angeles-stops-fluoridation/\" target=\"_blank\">Port Angeles, Wash.\u003c/a>, stopped fluoridation until voters decide in November 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for some of the local officials involved in these debates, their take on the issue is part of even greater political questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The individuals who benefit the most are poor children,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.durangogov.org/index.aspx?NID=828\" target=\"_blank\">Dick White\u003c/a>, mayor pro tem of Durango, Colo. The town \u003ca href=\"http://www.durangoherald.com/article/20160628/NEWS01/160629568/City-Councilors-opt-for-fluoridation-of-drinking-water\" target=\"_blank\">decided in June\u003c/a> to continue adding fluoride to its water. “If we get national health care for every single person, we could probably eliminate fluoridation in the water because we can ensure that every child is getting dental care.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many people take for granted the addition of fluoride into public drinking water systems that aims to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">prevent tooth decay\u003c/a>. It’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">seven-decade-old public health effort\u003c/a>. But it’s not nearly as universally accepted as one might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least seven cities or towns across the country debated it just this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">For example, \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/news/opinion/editorial-fluoride-vote-acknowledges-passion-yield/nrsfP/\" target=\"_blank\">Wellington, Fla.\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">, decided to add fluoride back into the water in July after the city council voted two years ago to remove it. Across the country in \u003c/span>\u003ca style=\"line-height: 1.5\" href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5767942-181/healdsburg-voters-will-again-decide\" target=\"_blank\">Healdsburg, Calif.\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">, voters will revisit a ballot question in November regarding whether to stop adding the mineral to the water supply.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There has always been periodic discussion,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.dentistry.uiowa.edu/steven-m-levy\" target=\"_blank\">Steven Levy\u003c/a>, a dentistry professor at the University of Iowa. Levy is involved in an Iowa-based longitudinal study that tracks fluoride intake and its effects on children’s bones. “We are seeing more challenges now because of the communication explosion with the internet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate started well before 1945 when Grand Rapids, Mich., became the first U.S. city to add fluoride to its water supply. In the decades since, opposition usually stems from studies linking fluoride intake by children with lower IQs, higher rates of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and potential toxicity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, fluoridation has become a fairly common practice, with about 74 percent of the population receiving fluoridated water from community water systems, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/fsgrowth.htm.http:/www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/statistics/fsgrowth.htm.\" target=\"_blank\">Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. But the intervention, which is considered by the CDC to be one of the 10 top public health achievements of the 20th century and backed by the American Dental Association and the World Health Organization, also continues to raise grass roots concerns. These \u003ca href=\"http://fluoridealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\">arguments\u003c/a> range from casting fluoride as unnecessary and ineffective to efforts to paint the mineral as “mass medication” and a “damaging environmental pollutant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fluoridation is not safe or cost-effective,” said Bill Osmunson, director of the Fluoride Action Network, a national organization against fluoridation of water supplies, adding that people should be given the freedom of choice so they can avoid ingesting excess fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Wellington, Mayor \u003ca href=\"http://www.wellingtonfl.gov/government/village-council/councilwoman-anne-gerwig#ad-image-1\" target=\"_blank\">Anne Gerwig\u003c/a> often fields angry emails on this issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I watch the videos that they email me, I read the information they send me,” Gerwig said. Gerwig has no background in science, but she read studies and fact-checked the claims being made by the town’s residents. Gerwig said she decided to support fluoridation after she found scientific consensus about the benefits of fluoridation in preventing tooth decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC, for instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/basics/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">considers\u003c/a> water fluoridation to be the most cost-effective method of delivering fluoride to all, reducing tooth decay by 25 percent in children and adults.\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/fluoridation/factsheets/70-years.htm\" target=\"_blank\">Tooth decay\u003c/a> is still one of the most common chronic conditions among children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big thing about community water fluoridation is that it’s a passive intervention, you don’t really have to do anything other than drink tap water,” said Katherine Weno, oral health director at the CDC. “You don’t have to buy a product or access to a dental professional. It \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/oral_health_disparities/\">benefits\u003c/a> people who don’t have money to go to a dentist or don’t have any insurance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some question the need for continued fluoridation, especially as products such as toothpaste and rinses containing fluoride are available, and because the chemical’s levels vary and indications of harm are not always clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/philippe-grandjean/\" target=\"_blank\">Philippe Grandjean\u003c/a>, an adjunct professor at Harvard University School of Public Health, has authored a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Grandjean%20P%5BAuthor%5D&cauthor=true&cauthor_uid=22820538\" target=\"_blank\">couple of studies\u003c/a> questioning the need for the added fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our dental health is clearly much less dependent on fluoride in drinking water than way back when this important public health intervention was initiated,” Grandjean said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/magazine/magazine_article/fluoridated-drinking-water/\" target=\"_blank\">Harvard Public Health article\u003c/a>, Grandjean commented about the need for more research about populations that may be vulnerable to the mineral and the proper dose of it in drinking water. In response, the article drew multiple critical \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/news/letters-in-response-to-is-fluoridated-drinking-water-safe/\" target=\"_blank\">letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The article misrepresents the current state of the science of community water fluoridation, and does not provide a fair and balanced perspective,” wrote Francis Kim and Scott L. Tomar from the American Association of Public Health Dentistry and Bruce Donoff, dean of the Harvard School of Dental Medicine in \u003ca href=\"https://cdn1.sph.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/21/2016/04/Fluoride-letter-Frantsve-Hawley.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">one of the letters\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New studies are published almost every year that bring up concerns about fluoridation in drinking water, linking the intake with various \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3491930/\" target=\"_blank\">developmental\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://ehjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12940-015-0003-1\" target=\"_blank\">issues\u003c/a> and even \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/women/news/20150225/fluoride-in-drinking-water-tied-to-higher-rates-of-underactive-thyroid\" target=\"_blank\">thyroid problems\u003c/a>, issues that Osmunson also brought up. Weno and Levy said those studies were performed in places where natural fluoride levels are higher and where residents may get fluoride through milk or salt rather than water. Excessive fluoride intake does have health implications — \u003ca href=\"http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/opinions_layman/fluoridation/en/\" target=\"_blank\">a problem\u003c/a> commonly found in places with high concentrations of natural fluoride such as China, India and Africa. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nap.edu/read/11571/chapter/2#3\" target=\"_blank\">Most Americans\u003c/a> receive water with low natural levels of fluoride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials also monitor and review what is appropriate. The Department of Health and Human Services in April 2015 released new recommendations for fluoride levels in drinking water, updating and replacing the level in place since 1962 in order to reflect the fact that Americans now have more sources of fluoride in toothpaste, mouthwashes and other products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other towns continue to wrestle with the issue. In July, the commissioners of \u003ca href=\"http://www.timesfreepress.com/news/local/story/2016/jul/20/soddy-daisy-nixes-water-fluoridation/376861/\" target=\"_blank\">Soddy-Daisy, Tenn.\u003c/a>, voted to stop adding fluoride and \u003ca href=\"http://www.houstonherald.com/news/council-to-leave-fluoride-in-water-supply-discusses-ordinances/article_aa9d7178-4dbb-11e6-b57c-8bbf000939c4.html\" target=\"_blank\">Houston’s\u003c/a> city council chose to leave it in. In August, \u003ca href=\"http://www.peninsuladailynews.com/news/port-angeles-stops-fluoridation/\" target=\"_blank\">Port Angeles, Wash.\u003c/a>, stopped fluoridation until voters decide in November 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for some of the local officials involved in these debates, their take on the issue is part of even greater political questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The individuals who benefit the most are poor children,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.durangogov.org/index.aspx?NID=828\" target=\"_blank\">Dick White\u003c/a>, mayor pro tem of Durango, Colo. The town \u003ca href=\"http://www.durangoherald.com/article/20160628/NEWS01/160629568/City-Councilors-opt-for-fluoridation-of-drinking-water\" target=\"_blank\">decided in June\u003c/a> to continue adding fluoride to its water. “If we get national health care for every single person, we could probably eliminate fluoridation in the water because we can ensure that every child is getting dental care.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown is approving legislation that seeks to stop surprise medical bills from doctors not covered by a patient's health plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said Friday he's signed AB72 by Assemblyman Rob Bonta of Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unions and patient advocacy groups say patients shouldn't face massive bills if they visit a hospital that accepts their insurance but are treated by a doctor who doesn't. Unexpected bills commonly come from radiologists, pathologists and anesthesiologists who get involved in diagnosing or caring for hospitalized patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big win for Californians who have been left with the financial scars from a battle that’s really between insurers and providers,\" said Betsy Imholz, Special Projects Director for Consumers Union. \"This law will ensure that consumers who make every effort to stay within their insurance network won’t be blindsided by a bill from a provider that they may not have chosen, or even met.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law will establish a rate for doctors to be paid in such circumstances and creates an independent review board to resolve disagreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar legislation died on the last day of the legislative session last year. It was revived after lawmakers increased the default payment for out-of-network doctors.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown is approving legislation that seeks to stop surprise medical bills from doctors not covered by a patient's health plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said Friday he's signed AB72 by Assemblyman Rob Bonta of Alameda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unions and patient advocacy groups say patients shouldn't face massive bills if they visit a hospital that accepts their insurance but are treated by a doctor who doesn't. Unexpected bills commonly come from radiologists, pathologists and anesthesiologists who get involved in diagnosing or caring for hospitalized patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big win for Californians who have been left with the financial scars from a battle that’s really between insurers and providers,\" said Betsy Imholz, Special Projects Director for Consumers Union. \"This law will ensure that consumers who make every effort to stay within their insurance network won’t be blindsided by a bill from a provider that they may not have chosen, or even met.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law will establish a rate for doctors to be paid in such circumstances and creates an independent review board to resolve disagreements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar legislation died on the last day of the legislative session last year. It was revived after lawmakers increased the default payment for out-of-network doctors.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For more than a decade, members of a little-known group called the Pain Care Forum have blanketed Washington with messages about prescription painkillers' vital role in the lives of millions of Americans, creating an echo chamber that has quietly derailed efforts to curb U.S. consumption of drugs like OxyContin, Vicodin and Percocet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, drugmakers and their affiliates in the forum sent a letter to U.S. senators promoting a recent report on a \"crisis of epidemic proportions\": pain in America. Few knew the report stemmed from legislation drafted and pushed by forum members and that their experts had helped author it. The report estimated more than 100 million Americans — roughly 40 percent of adults — suffered from chronic pain, an eye-popping statistic that some researchers call deeply problematic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter made no reference, however, to another health issue that had been declared an epidemic by federal authorities: drug overdoses tied to prescription painkillers. Deaths linked to addictive opioid drugs had increased more than fourfold since 1999, accounting for more deaths in 2012 than heroin and cocaine combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An investigation by the \u003cem>Associated Press\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>Center for Public Integrity\u003c/em> reveals that similar feedback loops of information and influence play out regularly in the nation's capital, fueled by money and talking points from the Pain Care Forum, a loose coalition of drugmakers, trade groups and dozens of nonprofits supported by industry funding that has flown under the radar until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of internal documents shed new light on how drugmakers and their allies shaped the national response to the ongoing wave of prescription opioid abuse, which has claimed the lives of 165,000 Americans since 2000, according to federal figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painkillers are among the most widely prescribed medications in the U.S., but pharmaceutical companies and allied groups have a multitude of legislative interests beyond those drugs. From 2006 through 2015, participants in the Pain Care Forum spent over $740 million lobbying in the nation's capital and in all 50 statehouses on an array of issues, including keeping opioids accessible, according to an analysis of lobbying filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same organizations reinforced their influence with more than $140 million doled out to political campaigns, including more than $75 million alone to federal candidates, political action committees and parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can go a long, long way in getting what you want when you have a lot of money,\" said Professor Keith Humphreys of Stanford University, a former adviser on drug policy under President Barack Obama. \"And it's only when things get so disastrous that finally there's enough popular will aroused to push back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opioids were long reserved for severe pain due to surgery, injury or terminal diseases like cancer. That changed in the 1990s, with a surge in prescribing for more common ailments like back pain and arthritis. Marketing for new long-acting painkillers like OxyContin helped fuel the trend, along with other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OxyContin-maker Purdue Pharma pleaded guilty and agreed to pay more than $600 million in fines in 2007 for misleading the public about the risks of its drug. But the painkiller continued to rack up blockbuster sales, generating more than $22 billion over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purdue's Washington lobbyist, Burt Rosen, co-founded the Pain Care Forum more than a decade ago and coordinates the group's monthly meetings in Washington. Purdue declined to make Rosen available for interviews and did not answer questions about its specific lobbying activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it supports a range of advocacy groups, including some with differing views on opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In practice and governance, the Pain Care Forum is like any of the hundreds of policy coalitions in Washington and throughout the nation,\" the company said in a statement, adding: \"Purdue complies with all applicable lobbying disclosure laws and requirements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By spring 2014, even the head of the Food and Drug Administration was citing the statistic that 100 million Americans suffered from chronic pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-commissioner Margaret Hamburg used the figure to illustrate the importance of keeping painkillers accessible — despite the escalating toll of opioid addiction and abuse. Yet a researcher whose work contributed to the number said it was being misquoted, since most people included in the figure had common pain ailments and managed them without opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamburg said in an emailed response that the report was \"another piece of scientific literature that helped inform the broader field,\" and that her agency had no role in writing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the FDA began developing plans to reduce misuse of long-acting, the Pain Care Forum intervened with a \"strategy to inform the process,\" according to an internal memo from the American Pain Foundation, a now-defunct forum member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA's initial proposals included requiring doctors to undergo certification training to prescribe opioids and tracking opioid prescriptions via databases. But when the FDA sought public comment on how to proceed, the forum helped generate more than 2,000 comments against new barriers to opioids and a 4,000-signature petition opposing electronic registries, according to another pain foundation memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, the agency announced far milder steps than its initial ideas: Drugmakers would fund optional classes for doctors and supply brochures to patients about opioid risks. FDA leaders said they decided requiring certification for prescribers would have been overly burdensome, disrupting care for patients and doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts said regulators had missed a pivotal chance to curb deadly misuse and abuse with the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The FDA failed to make a decision that could have averted many of the thousands of deaths we're seeing per year,\" said Dr. Nathaniel Katz, a former FDA adviser who urged the agency to make training mandatory for prescribers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the FDA is taking another look at requiring training for opioid prescribers, following a recommendation by a panel of expert advisers in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a federal agency hundreds of miles from Washington that finally sidestepped the influence of the Pain Care Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, located in Atlanta, overcame threats of congressional investigation and legal action to publish the first federal guidelines intended to reduce opioid prescribing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, the agency said the risks of painkillers outweigh the benefits for the vast majority of patients with routine chronic pain and that doctors instead should consider alternatives like physical therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When draft guidelines emerged in September, forum members said they were not based on solid evidence, and criticized the CDC for not disclosing outside experts who had advised its effort. One pharma-aligned group, the Washington Legal Foundation, said the lack of disclosure constituted a \"clear violation\" of federal law. A longtime Pain Care Forum participant — now known as the Academy of Integrative Pain Management — asked Congress to investigate how the CDC developed the guidelines, though investigators found no violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After months of scrutiny, the CDC in December released a list of its advisers. One of 17 \"core experts\" had served as a paid consultant to a law firm suing opioid drugmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final guidelines appeared in March. The first recommendation for U.S. doctors was unequivocal: \"Opioids are not first-line therapy\" for routine chronic pain. It was a statement considered common practice by many doctors as recently as the early 1990s, a decade before the Pain Care Forum formed in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Painkillers are among the most widely prescribed medications in the U.S., but pharmaceutical companies and allied groups have a multitude of legislative interests beyond those drugs. From 2006 through 2015, participants in the Pain Care Forum spent over $740 million lobbying in the nation's capital and in all 50 statehouses on an array of issues, including keeping opioids accessible, according to an analysis of lobbying filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same organizations reinforced their influence with more than $140 million doled out to political campaigns, including more than $75 million alone to federal candidates, political action committees and parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can go a long, long way in getting what you want when you have a lot of money,\" said Professor Keith Humphreys of Stanford University, a former adviser on drug policy under President Barack Obama. \"And it's only when things get so disastrous that finally there's enough popular will aroused to push back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opioids were long reserved for severe pain due to surgery, injury or terminal diseases like cancer. That changed in the 1990s, with a surge in prescribing for more common ailments like back pain and arthritis. Marketing for new long-acting painkillers like OxyContin helped fuel the trend, along with other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OxyContin-maker Purdue Pharma pleaded guilty and agreed to pay more than $600 million in fines in 2007 for misleading the public about the risks of its drug. But the painkiller continued to rack up blockbuster sales, generating more than $22 billion over the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Purdue's Washington lobbyist, Burt Rosen, co-founded the Pain Care Forum more than a decade ago and coordinates the group's monthly meetings in Washington. Purdue declined to make Rosen available for interviews and did not answer questions about its specific lobbying activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said it supports a range of advocacy groups, including some with differing views on opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In practice and governance, the Pain Care Forum is like any of the hundreds of policy coalitions in Washington and throughout the nation,\" the company said in a statement, adding: \"Purdue complies with all applicable lobbying disclosure laws and requirements.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By spring 2014, even the head of the Food and Drug Administration was citing the statistic that 100 million Americans suffered from chronic pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then-commissioner Margaret Hamburg used the figure to illustrate the importance of keeping painkillers accessible — despite the escalating toll of opioid addiction and abuse. Yet a researcher whose work contributed to the number said it was being misquoted, since most people included in the figure had common pain ailments and managed them without opioids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hamburg said in an emailed response that the report was \"another piece of scientific literature that helped inform the broader field,\" and that her agency had no role in writing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the FDA began developing plans to reduce misuse of long-acting, the Pain Care Forum intervened with a \"strategy to inform the process,\" according to an internal memo from the American Pain Foundation, a now-defunct forum member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA's initial proposals included requiring doctors to undergo certification training to prescribe opioids and tracking opioid prescriptions via databases. 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FDA leaders said they decided requiring certification for prescribers would have been overly burdensome, disrupting care for patients and doctors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts said regulators had missed a pivotal chance to curb deadly misuse and abuse with the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The FDA failed to make a decision that could have averted many of the thousands of deaths we're seeing per year,\" said Dr. Nathaniel Katz, a former FDA adviser who urged the agency to make training mandatory for prescribers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the FDA is taking another look at requiring training for opioid prescribers, following a recommendation by a panel of expert advisers in May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a federal agency hundreds of miles from Washington that finally sidestepped the influence of the Pain Care Forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, located in Atlanta, overcame threats of congressional investigation and legal action to publish the first federal guidelines intended to reduce opioid prescribing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Essentially, the agency said the risks of painkillers outweigh the benefits for the vast majority of patients with routine chronic pain and that doctors instead should consider alternatives like physical therapy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When draft guidelines emerged in September, forum members said they were not based on solid evidence, and criticized the CDC for not disclosing outside experts who had advised its effort. 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"id": "closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
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