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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/86541005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19209\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/86541005-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/05/21/314586804/anxiety-and-mris-may-be-driving-the-rise-in-double-mastectomies\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">The number of women getting double mastectomies after a breast cancer diagnosis has been rising in the past 10 years, even though most of them don't face a higher risk of getting cancer in the other breast.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #111111\">More than two-thirds of the women who had the double mastectomy had no risk factors that would make it more likely that they would get breast cancer again.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">That has cancer doctors troubled, because for those women having the other breast removed doesn't reduce their risk of getting breast cancer again or increase their odds of survival. And they don't know why women are making this choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Worry about the cancer coming back is one of the biggest reasons, according to a study of women in California and Michigan that tried to figure out which women decided on a double mastectomy, and why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Women who had a breast MRI were more likely to decide on a double mastectomy, even if the scan didn't show more cancer.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Usually there's something on the image that can't be fully explained,\" says \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://www.med.umich.edu/cansort/bio_hawley.html\">Sarah Hawley\u003c/a>, an associate professor at the University of Michigan and lead author of the \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1873911\">study\u003c/a>, which was published Wednesday in\u003cem> JAMA Surgery\u003c/em>. \"The thing that shows up on the MRI may well be nothing, but it's really difficult to know that you saw something unusual and then not worry about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Hawley and her colleagues looked at 1,447 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer in one breast from 2005 to 2007 or from 2009 to 2010. In all, 19 percent of the women seriously considered having a double mastectomy, and almost 8 percent of them decided to have that surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">More than two-thirds of the women who had the double mastectomy — 69 percent — had no genetic or family risk factors that would make it more likely that they would get breast cancer again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Women with more education were more likely to choose double mastectomy, the study found, as were women who had had genetic testing, even if the results came back showing they had no increased risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">That surprised Hawley; she thought women who got good news on a genetic test would be less likely to then have a prophylactic mastectomy. She doesn't know if simply having a genetic test is enough to get women thinking seriously about double mastectomy, or if they're making the decision before they get the results back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Hawley studies how patients make decisions about cancer treatment and says this study raises a big question: Are women not understanding the risk information that doctors communicate, or do they understand and decide to go ahead with the surgery anyway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"I think the answer is both are going on,\" Hawley says. \"Women are hearing the message but not completely understanding. Risk information is difficult to convey and understand, especially when you're getting a cancer diagnosis. And even when women understand, they are choosing to go ahead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Most women won't lower their risk of cancer by getting a double mastectomy because their risk of getting breast cancer again was already very low. And removing the noncancerous breast doesn't affect the survival rate from the existing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">For women who don't have a family history of breast cancer or the BRCA genetic mutations, other cancer treatments, including lumpectomy and single mastectomy, can improve a woman's chances just as much as double mastectomy, Hawley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Not feeling like double mastectomy is the only thing you can do to 'do everything possible' would be a good thing to get out there,\" she adds. \"it seems like there's pressure to consider it now, and if you don't do it you're not doing everything possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Hawley is testing a decision tool aimed to help women weigh their choices for breast cancer treatment and hopes that it will help reduce the anxiety that comes with a cancer diagnosis and the difficult decisions that follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"FnFrgdHm3CmxNVXNNmsSOH7vmlTadUe4\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Usually there's something on the image that can't be fully explained,\" says \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://www.med.umich.edu/cansort/bio_hawley.html\">Sarah Hawley\u003c/a>, an associate professor at the University of Michigan and lead author of the \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://archsurg.jamanetwork.com/article.aspx?articleid=1873911\">study\u003c/a>, which was published Wednesday in\u003cem> JAMA Surgery\u003c/em>. \"The thing that shows up on the MRI may well be nothing, but it's really difficult to know that you saw something unusual and then not worry about it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Hawley and her colleagues looked at 1,447 women who were diagnosed with breast cancer in one breast from 2005 to 2007 or from 2009 to 2010. In all, 19 percent of the women seriously considered having a double mastectomy, and almost 8 percent of them decided to have that surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">More than two-thirds of the women who had the double mastectomy — 69 percent — had no genetic or family risk factors that would make it more likely that they would get breast cancer again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Women with more education were more likely to choose double mastectomy, the study found, as were women who had had genetic testing, even if the results came back showing they had no increased risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">That surprised Hawley; she thought women who got good news on a genetic test would be less likely to then have a prophylactic mastectomy. She doesn't know if simply having a genetic test is enough to get women thinking seriously about double mastectomy, or if they're making the decision before they get the results back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Hawley studies how patients make decisions about cancer treatment and says this study raises a big question: Are women not understanding the risk information that doctors communicate, or do they understand and decide to go ahead with the surgery anyway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"I think the answer is both are going on,\" Hawley says. \"Women are hearing the message but not completely understanding. Risk information is difficult to convey and understand, especially when you're getting a cancer diagnosis. And even when women understand, they are choosing to go ahead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Most women won't lower their risk of cancer by getting a double mastectomy because their risk of getting breast cancer again was already very low. And removing the noncancerous breast doesn't affect the survival rate from the existing cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">For women who don't have a family history of breast cancer or the BRCA genetic mutations, other cancer treatments, including lumpectomy and single mastectomy, can improve a woman's chances just as much as double mastectomy, Hawley says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Not feeling like double mastectomy is the only thing you can do to 'do everything possible' would be a good thing to get out there,\" she adds. \"it seems like there's pressure to consider it now, and if you don't do it you're not doing everything possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Hawley is testing a decision tool aimed to help women weigh their choices for breast cancer treatment and hopes that it will help reduce the anxiety that comes with a cancer diagnosis and the difficult decisions that follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"FnFrgdHm3CmxNVXNNmsSOH7vmlTadUe4\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In California, 1 in 3 Hospitalized Patients over 34 Has Diabetes",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19110\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/1339101481-e1400170937143.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19110\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/1339101481-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Hospitalizations for patients with diabetes on average cost about $2,200 more than for patients who didn’t have the disease. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hospitalizations for patients with diabetes on average cost about $2,200 more than for patients who didn’t have the disease. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cstrong>By Daniela Hernandez\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://capsules.kaiserhealthnews.org/index.php/2014/05/study-diabetes-afflicts-1-in-3-hospitalized-patients-over-34-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">In California, roughly one in three hospitalized people over 34 years old has diabetes, increasing the complexity and cost of their care, according to a report released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"If you have diabetes, it's more challenging to treat anything.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>Hospitalizations for patients with diabetes on average cost about $2,200 more than for patients who didn’t have the disease, regardless of the reason they were admitted, according to\u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/search/pages/detail.aspx?PubID=1278\" target=\"_blank\"> the report\u003c/a> by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research and the California Center for Public Health Advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">“Diabetes … affects most body systems in one way or another,” said Harold Goldstein, executive director of the California Center for Public Health Advocacy and one of the authors of the study. “If you have diabetes, it’s more challenging to treat anything.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">The study analyzed all 2011 hospital discharge data and financial reports from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">One reason cases involving diabetes cost more is that the disease affects the body’s ability to heal, Goldstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">The researchers reported that diabetes was listed as the primary cause in only 1.7 percent of all hospitalizations. But patients with diabetes have a higher risk for kidney and heart disease, blindness, and limb amputations–all of which can lead to significant expenses. In 2006, the authors write, two thirds of patients with diabetes were estimated to have had at least one of these complications, resulting in almost $23 billion in medical costs nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">The outlook is worse for the elderly and minority groups. Almost 60 percent of hospitalizations for patients with diabetes involved people 65 and older. Non-Hispanic whites still made up the bulk of discharges among patients with diabetes, but the study found that diabetic patients who were African-American, Asian-American, Native American or Latino were more likely to be hospitalized compared to non-Hispanic white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan id=\"more-28261\">\u003c/span>“What that says is that this diabetic epidemic is a significant problem and significant driver of health care costs in every community in California. It’s true geographically and true by ethnicity,” said Goldstein. “The time is now to turn around this epidemic because we know the health care system is going to be overwhelmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">Most of the costs were shouldered by Medicare, the federal insurance program for the elderly and disabled, and Medi-Cal, California’s health plan for the poor and disabled. Focusing on prevention and early education, he says, could help reduce hospitalizations and drive down costs, a key focus of health reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">The study didn’t differentiate between hospitalizations among patients with type 1 diabetes, which is\u003ca style=\"color: #175682\" href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/definition/con-20019573\" target=\"_blank\"> partly genetic\u003c/a>, or type 2, which is associated with obesity and an inactive lifestyle and affects minority groups disproportionately. The authors argue that because almost all adults diagnosed with diabetes have type 2, creating programs and communities that promote healthful eating and regular exercise, combined with improved access to primary care, could help lower costs associated with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">These kinds of interventions have been proposed in the past. Some initiatives, such as printing calorie information at restaurants, promoting the use of food stamps at farmers markets and limiting the number of fast food outlets in communities with limited access to fresh foods, have shown only moderate influence on improving eating habits and helping people to lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">A bill is pending in the California legislature to put \u003ca style=\"color: #175682\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/04/29/soda-labeling-bill-on-hold-over-costs-at-california-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">warning labels on sugary drinks\u003c/a>, much like those on tobacco and alcohol products. High intake of liquid sugar, Goldstein says, has been shown to increase cholesterol levels and fatty liver disease, which can lead to diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">“We need to use what we know has worked for other harmful products and apply that to sugary drinks,” Goldstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News (KHN) is a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"kcSCVma4esrmhHiKhzhvM33MwBMSkAUP\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19110\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/1339101481-e1400170937143.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19110\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/1339101481-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Hospitalizations for patients with diabetes on average cost about $2,200 more than for patients who didn’t have the disease. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hospitalizations for patients with diabetes on average cost about $2,200 more than for patients who didn’t have the disease. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cstrong>By Daniela Hernandez\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://capsules.kaiserhealthnews.org/index.php/2014/05/study-diabetes-afflicts-1-in-3-hospitalized-patients-over-34-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">In California, roughly one in three hospitalized people over 34 years old has diabetes, increasing the complexity and cost of their care, according to a report released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"If you have diabetes, it's more challenging to treat anything.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>Hospitalizations for patients with diabetes on average cost about $2,200 more than for patients who didn’t have the disease, regardless of the reason they were admitted, according to\u003ca href=\"http://healthpolicy.ucla.edu/publications/search/pages/detail.aspx?PubID=1278\" target=\"_blank\"> the report\u003c/a> by the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research and the California Center for Public Health Advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">“Diabetes … affects most body systems in one way or another,” said Harold Goldstein, executive director of the California Center for Public Health Advocacy and one of the authors of the study. “If you have diabetes, it’s more challenging to treat anything.”\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">The study analyzed all 2011 hospital discharge data and financial reports from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">One reason cases involving diabetes cost more is that the disease affects the body’s ability to heal, Goldstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">The researchers reported that diabetes was listed as the primary cause in only 1.7 percent of all hospitalizations. But patients with diabetes have a higher risk for kidney and heart disease, blindness, and limb amputations–all of which can lead to significant expenses. In 2006, the authors write, two thirds of patients with diabetes were estimated to have had at least one of these complications, resulting in almost $23 billion in medical costs nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">The outlook is worse for the elderly and minority groups. Almost 60 percent of hospitalizations for patients with diabetes involved people 65 and older. Non-Hispanic whites still made up the bulk of discharges among patients with diabetes, but the study found that diabetic patients who were African-American, Asian-American, Native American or Latino were more likely to be hospitalized compared to non-Hispanic white patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan id=\"more-28261\">\u003c/span>“What that says is that this diabetic epidemic is a significant problem and significant driver of health care costs in every community in California. It’s true geographically and true by ethnicity,” said Goldstein. “The time is now to turn around this epidemic because we know the health care system is going to be overwhelmed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">Most of the costs were shouldered by Medicare, the federal insurance program for the elderly and disabled, and Medi-Cal, California’s health plan for the poor and disabled. Focusing on prevention and early education, he says, could help reduce hospitalizations and drive down costs, a key focus of health reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">The study didn’t differentiate between hospitalizations among patients with type 1 diabetes, which is\u003ca style=\"color: #175682\" href=\"http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-1-diabetes/basics/definition/con-20019573\" target=\"_blank\"> partly genetic\u003c/a>, or type 2, which is associated with obesity and an inactive lifestyle and affects minority groups disproportionately. The authors argue that because almost all adults diagnosed with diabetes have type 2, creating programs and communities that promote healthful eating and regular exercise, combined with improved access to primary care, could help lower costs associated with the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">These kinds of interventions have been proposed in the past. Some initiatives, such as printing calorie information at restaurants, promoting the use of food stamps at farmers markets and limiting the number of fast food outlets in communities with limited access to fresh foods, have shown only moderate influence on improving eating habits and helping people to lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">A bill is pending in the California legislature to put \u003ca style=\"color: #175682\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/04/29/soda-labeling-bill-on-hold-over-costs-at-california-senate/\" target=\"_blank\">warning labels on sugary drinks\u003c/a>, much like those on tobacco and alcohol products. High intake of liquid sugar, Goldstein says, has been shown to increase cholesterol levels and fatty liver disease, which can lead to diabetes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #000000\">“We need to use what we know has worked for other harmful products and apply that to sugary drinks,” Goldstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News (KHN) is a nonprofit news organization covering health care policy and politics. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"kcSCVma4esrmhHiKhzhvM33MwBMSkAUP\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19084\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/FatRats-e1400005363707.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19084\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/FatRats-640x428.jpg\" alt=\"UCLA psychology professor Aaron Blaisdell studied what happened to rats when they were fed a junk food diet. (Photo/Chris Richard)\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCLA psychology professor Aaron Blaisdell studied what happened to rats when they were fed a junk food diet. (Photo/Chris Richard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new UCLA psychology study has found evidence that being overweight may make people tired and then become more sedentary, not the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The rats on the junk food diet rested nearly twice as long as the lean rats. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Researchers got the proof from testing rats, whose physiology is similar to that of human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team led by psychology professor Aaron Blaisdell of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bri.ucla.edu/\">UCLA's Brain Research Institute\u003c/a> put one group of 16 rats on the standard lab diet, largely ground corn, wheat, soybean and fish meal. A second group got a highly processed and refined diet, with casein as the main protein source, soybean oil, sugar and a little starch: a rat’s version of junk food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may be no surprise that after three months, the junk food eaters got fat.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what did strike the researchers is that as the rats gained weight, they lost energy. And they didn’t regain their verve when they started getting healthier food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study started with a long period of differentiating the animals’ diets and monitoring their weight. After six months, Blaisdell’s team started setting giving them tasks to perform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each rat was placed in a box with a lever that opened a little compartment. At first, the animals had to learn to press the lever to open the compartment and get a drink of sugar water, Blaisdell said. When all the rats had mastered that trick, the researchers made it harder, requiring three presses to open the compartment. Next, researchers demanded progressively more: three presses for the first treat, six for the second, nine for the third and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a certain point, you’re going to say, ‘It isn’t worth it. I give up.’ And the question was, when would the rats give up?” Blaisdell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though all the rats had had their rations cut and were demonstrably hungry when the half-hour long testing sessions began, the fat animals showed little heart for getting the compartment open. The rats on the junk food diet rested nearly twice as long as the lean rats\u003cstrong> before r\u003c/strong>esuming their attempts to get at the sugar water, Blaisdell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Australian study had noted that when rats lived on the kinds of foods typically served in cafeterias, the parts of their brains that control appetite degraded, but they started to recover when the animals got healthier food over a period of nine days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blaisdell thought the something similar would happen with his test subjects when he switched their diets around. But it didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on the healthier diets, the fat rats continued to have trouble sticking to their tasks, and they didn’t lose weight. Likewise, placing the lean rats on the junk food diet for nine days didn't increase their weight noticeably or impair their determination to get at the sugar treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that a long-running junk food diet causes the most physical and mental harm, not just the occasional binge, Blaisdell said. And the findings suggest that diet-induced obesity is a cause, not an effect, of lethargy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"8DIq8xzgzJUQuXz3BqsiZOrMfoyqqqA3\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19084\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/FatRats-e1400005363707.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19084\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/FatRats-640x428.jpg\" alt=\"UCLA psychology professor Aaron Blaisdell studied what happened to rats when they were fed a junk food diet. (Photo/Chris Richard)\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCLA psychology professor Aaron Blaisdell studied what happened to rats when they were fed a junk food diet. (Photo/Chris Richard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Chris Richard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new UCLA psychology study has found evidence that being overweight may make people tired and then become more sedentary, not the other way around.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The rats on the junk food diet rested nearly twice as long as the lean rats. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> Researchers got the proof from testing rats, whose physiology is similar to that of human beings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team led by psychology professor Aaron Blaisdell of \u003ca href=\"http://www.bri.ucla.edu/\">UCLA's Brain Research Institute\u003c/a> put one group of 16 rats on the standard lab diet, largely ground corn, wheat, soybean and fish meal. A second group got a highly processed and refined diet, with casein as the main protein source, soybean oil, sugar and a little starch: a rat’s version of junk food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may be no surprise that after three months, the junk food eaters got fat.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what did strike the researchers is that as the rats gained weight, they lost energy. And they didn’t regain their verve when they started getting healthier food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study started with a long period of differentiating the animals’ diets and monitoring their weight. After six months, Blaisdell’s team started setting giving them tasks to perform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each rat was placed in a box with a lever that opened a little compartment. At first, the animals had to learn to press the lever to open the compartment and get a drink of sugar water, Blaisdell said. When all the rats had mastered that trick, the researchers made it harder, requiring three presses to open the compartment. Next, researchers demanded progressively more: three presses for the first treat, six for the second, nine for the third and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a certain point, you’re going to say, ‘It isn’t worth it. I give up.’ And the question was, when would the rats give up?” Blaisdell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though all the rats had had their rations cut and were demonstrably hungry when the half-hour long testing sessions began, the fat animals showed little heart for getting the compartment open. The rats on the junk food diet rested nearly twice as long as the lean rats\u003cstrong> before r\u003c/strong>esuming their attempts to get at the sugar water, Blaisdell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Australian study had noted that when rats lived on the kinds of foods typically served in cafeterias, the parts of their brains that control appetite degraded, but they started to recover when the animals got healthier food over a period of nine days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blaisdell thought the something similar would happen with his test subjects when he switched their diets around. But it didn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even on the healthier diets, the fat rats continued to have trouble sticking to their tasks, and they didn’t lose weight. Likewise, placing the lean rats on the junk food diet for nine days didn't increase their weight noticeably or impair their determination to get at the sugar treats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests that a long-running junk food diet causes the most physical and mental harm, not just the occasional binge, Blaisdell said. And the findings suggest that diet-induced obesity is a cause, not an effect, of lethargy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"8DIq8xzgzJUQuXz3BqsiZOrMfoyqqqA3\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Emotional Symptoms Can Linger After Kids' Concussions",
"title": "Emotional Symptoms Can Linger After Kids' Concussions",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/paul-w-locke/3849016443/in/photolist-6S8dut-9LRutM-8YmHem-aqg2sC-2ywFK8-dN2e9b-7GBePg-aDSwEo-csMBNC-9hE4j9-9wpRd5-c13yB3-deUPez-8nBLgJ-cfnnEJ-8kzYzM-7Mq3bq-dY7ZM-aowdxy-aaxMY2-au3E95-3dYZDg-aoxi41-7MoDtw-38GR1K-sGdyV-ayHQqr-NPBY2-co2oo5-4Q2oj6-cDEo3G-8GhAtS-3eic6B-bCdCg3-9uFCg3-6HStro-24erFm-atZDXa-7Uoh4A-egGgUo-9cqkMP-atZVS2-aE8cc9-2kFZqA-atZF1T-dd77vL-3GrytX-avLrhK-ftbWhj-9Latke\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19079\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/3849016443_b0c6b90277_b-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Emotional symptoms such as frustration, and sleep difficulty can start more than a week after the initial injury and may be a sign of more serious concussion. (Paul-W/Flickr) \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">While headaches and fatigue are the most common concussion symptoms, nearly one in five patients may also suffer emotional symptoms. (Paul-W/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Lau\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That big hit your child took on the football field was over a week ago. He says his headaches are gone -- but he’s just not himself. He can’t sleep and he just snapped back at you when you asked him how he was doing. You wonder if this is just normal teenager behavior or a sign of the concussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Frustration, irritability, and sleep difficulty a week or more after injury may signal a more serious concussion.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Concussions are diagnosed by physical symptoms like headaches, dizziness, difficulty thinking clearly, or fatigue after a head injury. But those physical symptoms may evolve into emotional symptoms during the days and weeks after an injury according to \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/05/07/peds.2014-0158.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">a study \u003c/a>published Monday in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, headaches and fatigue were the most common symptoms immediately following a concussion, according to researchers at Harvard Medical School. But emotional symptoms such as frustration, irritability, restlessness, and sleep difficulty were seen in up to 17 percent of patients a week or more after injury and may be a marker of a more serious concussion.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study followed 235 patients, ages 11-22 years old, at their initial visit to the emergency department for a concussion and then for 12 weeks following their concussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For individuals who have a prolonged recovery [greater than 14 days], emotional or behavioral symptoms tend to occur later and may reflect different pathophysiology,” said Dr. Christopher Giza in an email. He's a pediatric neurologist at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Collins, a neuropsychologist and executive director of the University of Pittsburgh Sports Medicine Concussion Program, also believes that concussions with emotional symptoms may represent a unique subset of patients who have concussion. In particular, he believes that this kind of concussion is the result of injury to the nervous system that assists in balance and coordination. the vestibular system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Collins says that some of the research suggests that there are unusual processes in the system the helps with balance and coordination -- what doctors call the vestibular system -- \"that may provoke emotional changes following concussions.\" He said that preliminary research suggests that rehabilitation for the vestibular system may help people recover from these unusual symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \"vestibular rehabilitation\" involves graduated exercises focused on coordination and balance. Although vestibular rehabilitation is promising, more research must be done. Today, the mainstay treatment for concussions remains a short period -- days to weeks -- of \"cognitive rest,\" in effect resting the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of rest involves often involves time away from school or work, and other social activities. Although shown to be beneficial, kids must be closely monitored as the components of cognitive rest may also contribute to the development of emotional symptoms later on in recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cognitive rest is an important component of recovery,\" said Dr. Matthew Eisenberg lead researcher in the study. He's an emergency medicine physician at Boston Children’s Hospital. \"Much like an athlete would avoid jumping on a sprained ankle, there does seem to be a period after which the cost-benefit ratio changes. It is difficult to say when this switch occurs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difficulty that many patients with concussions suffer is that unlike ankle injuries there is no cast or crutches to remind others of the injury, which can provoke pressure to return to “normal” in the classroom and athletic field. This social pressure may also contribute to emotional symptoms that develop during recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents, coaches, and others taking care of patients should have patience during their child’s recovery and keep in mind that all concussions are different and requires close monitoring immediately after the injury, as well as later during recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest takeaway is that while your child may be showing some signs of improvement from the physical symptoms of concussion, it is important to watch out for the late-arriving emotional symptoms,” said Dr. Eisenberg, “The child who is isolating him/herself, exhibiting personality changes, altered sleep behavior, or depressed mood may be experiencing very severe post-concussive symptoms even as his or her headache have resolved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000\">Brian Lau is a freelance writer and an orthopedic surgery resident at UCSF medical center. Follow him \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/blauMD\" target=\"_blank\">on Twitter\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"98QLXKoIsFuO0vSQit7GAMy5ZUuvSEsM\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/paul-w-locke/3849016443/in/photolist-6S8dut-9LRutM-8YmHem-aqg2sC-2ywFK8-dN2e9b-7GBePg-aDSwEo-csMBNC-9hE4j9-9wpRd5-c13yB3-deUPez-8nBLgJ-cfnnEJ-8kzYzM-7Mq3bq-dY7ZM-aowdxy-aaxMY2-au3E95-3dYZDg-aoxi41-7MoDtw-38GR1K-sGdyV-ayHQqr-NPBY2-co2oo5-4Q2oj6-cDEo3G-8GhAtS-3eic6B-bCdCg3-9uFCg3-6HStro-24erFm-atZDXa-7Uoh4A-egGgUo-9cqkMP-atZVS2-aE8cc9-2kFZqA-atZF1T-dd77vL-3GrytX-avLrhK-ftbWhj-9Latke\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19079\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/3849016443_b0c6b90277_b-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"Emotional symptoms such as frustration, and sleep difficulty can start more than a week after the initial injury and may be a sign of more serious concussion. (Paul-W/Flickr) \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">While headaches and fatigue are the most common concussion symptoms, nearly one in five patients may also suffer emotional symptoms. (Paul-W/Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Brian Lau\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That big hit your child took on the football field was over a week ago. He says his headaches are gone -- but he’s just not himself. He can’t sleep and he just snapped back at you when you asked him how he was doing. You wonder if this is just normal teenager behavior or a sign of the concussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Frustration, irritability, and sleep difficulty a week or more after injury may signal a more serious concussion.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Concussions are diagnosed by physical symptoms like headaches, dizziness, difficulty thinking clearly, or fatigue after a head injury. But those physical symptoms may evolve into emotional symptoms during the days and weeks after an injury according to \u003ca href=\"http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/early/2014/05/07/peds.2014-0158.abstract\" target=\"_blank\">a study \u003c/a>published Monday in the journal \u003cem>Pediatrics\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, headaches and fatigue were the most common symptoms immediately following a concussion, according to researchers at Harvard Medical School. But emotional symptoms such as frustration, irritability, restlessness, and sleep difficulty were seen in up to 17 percent of patients a week or more after injury and may be a marker of a more serious concussion.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study followed 235 patients, ages 11-22 years old, at their initial visit to the emergency department for a concussion and then for 12 weeks following their concussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For individuals who have a prolonged recovery [greater than 14 days], emotional or behavioral symptoms tend to occur later and may reflect different pathophysiology,” said Dr. Christopher Giza in an email. He's a pediatric neurologist at UCLA's David Geffen School of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Michael Collins, a neuropsychologist and executive director of the University of Pittsburgh Sports Medicine Concussion Program, also believes that concussions with emotional symptoms may represent a unique subset of patients who have concussion. In particular, he believes that this kind of concussion is the result of injury to the nervous system that assists in balance and coordination. the vestibular system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Collins says that some of the research suggests that there are unusual processes in the system the helps with balance and coordination -- what doctors call the vestibular system -- \"that may provoke emotional changes following concussions.\" He said that preliminary research suggests that rehabilitation for the vestibular system may help people recover from these unusual symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This \"vestibular rehabilitation\" involves graduated exercises focused on coordination and balance. Although vestibular rehabilitation is promising, more research must be done. Today, the mainstay treatment for concussions remains a short period -- days to weeks -- of \"cognitive rest,\" in effect resting the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of rest involves often involves time away from school or work, and other social activities. Although shown to be beneficial, kids must be closely monitored as the components of cognitive rest may also contribute to the development of emotional symptoms later on in recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cognitive rest is an important component of recovery,\" said Dr. Matthew Eisenberg lead researcher in the study. He's an emergency medicine physician at Boston Children’s Hospital. \"Much like an athlete would avoid jumping on a sprained ankle, there does seem to be a period after which the cost-benefit ratio changes. It is difficult to say when this switch occurs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difficulty that many patients with concussions suffer is that unlike ankle injuries there is no cast or crutches to remind others of the injury, which can provoke pressure to return to “normal” in the classroom and athletic field. This social pressure may also contribute to emotional symptoms that develop during recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents, coaches, and others taking care of patients should have patience during their child’s recovery and keep in mind that all concussions are different and requires close monitoring immediately after the injury, as well as later during recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest takeaway is that while your child may be showing some signs of improvement from the physical symptoms of concussion, it is important to watch out for the late-arriving emotional symptoms,” said Dr. Eisenberg, “The child who is isolating him/herself, exhibiting personality changes, altered sleep behavior, or depressed mood may be experiencing very severe post-concussive symptoms even as his or her headache have resolved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000\">Brian Lau is a freelance writer and an orthopedic surgery resident at UCSF medical center. Follow him \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/blauMD\" target=\"_blank\">on Twitter\u003c/a>. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"98QLXKoIsFuO0vSQit7GAMy5ZUuvSEsM\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19074\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ifmomsaysok/8996434883/in/photolist-eGZ5Eg-39ZBrq-auLPiL-auHT2P-auLPjQ-auLxLh-8w5cVC-7oS9SZ-7UDctu-ehE328-8zBCrD-7P6yk3-64UPY7-8zBCyi-7DhR1b-dCciCy-c9GGad-9PXdNc-8rwLo5-9WjjM3-9Wgvg8-f6ou4V-aAJSwk-7De4n8-dtNsBS-duB32u-dsHCWZ-bt6RpC-bkr1DF-b3W2i8-eWYDYZ-6cA8K-dvS94Q-ic2Q5D-ic3u5K-7Y6r4-d7k4Pd-aWkhB4-zrdqw-7KV7j-cehk2C-g4XfU-oA5uq-b3WF6T-b3Why4-amJiv7-b3WnJt-kwMthD-baVMD8-ic3g7G\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19074\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/8996434883_7dc8eebe19_b-640x428.jpg\" alt=\"Teens may not have had enough time to accumulate a lot of stuff, but they may still have symptoms. (Tara R./Flickr)\" width=\"640\" height=\"428\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teens may not have had enough time to accumulate a lot of stuff, but they may still have symptoms. (Tara R./Flickr)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Maanvi Singh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/05/09/310722812/hoarding-can-start-early-but-signs-are-hard-to-see-for-teens\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Hoarding disorder is generally diagnosed in older adults, after their inability to discard things and their anxiety over possessions leave them unable to function. But it may take root much earlier in life, though psychiatrists say they're just starting to figure that out.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Study shows 2 percent of teens may have the disorder. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Hoarding symptoms may look different in teenagers than they do in adults, researchers reported at the American Psychiatric Association's annual meeting this week in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">A seriously cluttered living space is one of the main signs of hoarding disorder in adults. But teens who show some of the symptoms of hoarding usually haven't collected nearly as many things as adults, says Volen Ivanov, a psychologist at the Karolinska Institutet in Sweden.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"This could be due to a limit in freedom,\" \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://ki.se/en/people/voliva\">Ivanov\u003c/a> tells NPR. Kids who still live under their parents' roofs aren't as free to buy or collect things in the same way as adults who live on their own. But it could also be that hoarding gets worse over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Losses in life like the death of a loved one can exacerbate hoarding, Ivanov says. \"So maybe it takes a little bit of time before life takes its toll on these youngsters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Compulsive hoarding is debilitating psychiatric condition. While many people collect things, those with \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/hoarding/Pages/Introduction.aspx#profile\" target=\"_blank\">hoarding disorder\u003c/a> usually accumulate huge quantities of things such as newspapers, household items and clothing. In extreme cases, the piles can result in dangerous or unhygienic living conditions. The disorder is difficult to treat, but working with a therapist helps many patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Ivanov and his colleagues looked at 8,500 Swedish adolescents born between 1994 and 1995. In \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0069140#s1\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> published last year, he found that 2 percent of this adolescent population showed symptoms of hoarding. Other research has found that 2 to 5.5 percent of adults show the same symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">To further understand teen hoarding, the researchers observed 21 young people who had trouble parting with possessions, regardless of their value — that's another key symptom of hoarding. But when the researchers looked at these teens' rooms, none of them showed the extreme levels of clutter that characterized adult hoarders' living spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Either hoarding is a disorder that doesn't fully show up in people until adulthood, or we need to change the criteria we use to diagnose the disorder, Ivanov says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Continuing to observe this group over time may clear things up, he says. \"We know that at least in adults there is a clear genetic component, and there is also an environmental component,\" he says. But beyond that, \"we don't know that much about this condition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"7B6e81MKOlyrilLRbFJ6L1SGRkcoWxeQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Losses in life like the death of a loved one can exacerbate hoarding, Ivanov says. \"So maybe it takes a little bit of time before life takes its toll on these youngsters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Compulsive hoarding is debilitating psychiatric condition. While many people collect things, those with \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/hoarding/Pages/Introduction.aspx#profile\" target=\"_blank\">hoarding disorder\u003c/a> usually accumulate huge quantities of things such as newspapers, household items and clothing. In extreme cases, the piles can result in dangerous or unhygienic living conditions. The disorder is difficult to treat, but working with a therapist helps many patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Ivanov and his colleagues looked at 8,500 Swedish adolescents born between 1994 and 1995. In \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0069140#s1\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> published last year, he found that 2 percent of this adolescent population showed symptoms of hoarding. Other research has found that 2 to 5.5 percent of adults show the same symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">To further understand teen hoarding, the researchers observed 21 young people who had trouble parting with possessions, regardless of their value — that's another key symptom of hoarding. But when the researchers looked at these teens' rooms, none of them showed the extreme levels of clutter that characterized adult hoarders' living spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Either hoarding is a disorder that doesn't fully show up in people until adulthood, or we need to change the criteria we use to diagnose the disorder, Ivanov says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Continuing to observe this group over time may clear things up, he says. \"We know that at least in adults there is a clear genetic component, and there is also an environmental component,\" he says. But beyond that, \"we don't know that much about this condition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"7B6e81MKOlyrilLRbFJ6L1SGRkcoWxeQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19022\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/178092818.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19022\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/178092818-640x433.jpg\" alt=\"So common that it will help doctors determine when bleeding is normal, when interveetinon is necessary. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"433\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The researchers hope their findings will help doctors and patients understand what \"normal\" bleeding is during perimenopause. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> By Jennifer Huber\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could hear the fear and panic in my friend’s voice over the phone. She was having her period, but bleeding so heavily that she was debating whether to go to the emergency room. Yet she wasn't sure. She wondered if she might be over-reacting, if her experience was simply what happened as a woman approached menopause.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">More than three-fourths of women in the study reported periods lasting at least 10 days.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As women get older, their periods can begin to change. This perimenopausal time typically starts when a woman is in her 40s and lasts about four years. (The average age of menopause, when periods stop, is 51.) For some women, the transition means unpredictable, prolonged or heavy bleeding, and that can be frightening. Now new research shows that these changes may be quite normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1471-0528.12768/abstract%20\" target=\"_blank\">the study\u003c/a>, researchers from across the country, including UC Davis and UCLA, reviewed data from 1,320 women ages 42-52 who kept detailed records of their menstrual cycles over time. The researchers found that instances of heavy or prolonged bleeding were very common.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found the following rates reported at least three times during the 10-year study period:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>78 percent of women: periods lasted at least 10 days\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>67 percent: spotting lasted six or more days\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>35 percent: heavy bleeding lasted three or more days\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The report was recently published in \u003cem>BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaeocology.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These data confirm that two types of bleeding, longer menses with more days of spotting and heavier menses, occur in most women during the (transition to menopause),\" the authors noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers used data from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swanstudy.org/about.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation\u003c/a> (SWAN), a study of middle-aged women living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participating women completed daily menstrual calendars and provided information monthly on hormone therapy, gynecological procedures, smoking and physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First Major Multi-Racial Study of Its Kind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the first long-term study to include a large population of women of multiple races: African-American, Japanese, Chinese and white. More than half the women in the study were not white. Previous studies were short and mostly limited to white women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very few differences were seen between races. African-American women were less likely to bleed for 10 or more days or to spot for six or more days compared to white women. And Japanese women were less likely to have three or more days of heavy bleeding compared to white women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers hope that their study will help guide both clinicians and patients, by defining “normal” bleeding patterns for women during midlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need more descriptive information about the bleeding changes they can expect,” said author and University of Michigan professor Sioban Harlow in \u003ca href=\"http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/22121-prolonged-and-heavy-bleeding-during-menopause-is-common%20\" target=\"_blank\">a statement\u003c/a>. “We need clear guidance to help women understand what changes in bleeding patterns do and do not require medical attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and other federal government health agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"HvsaE1friuAlqV5hibJLYCWI5Kne58E1\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19022\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/178092818.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-19022\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/178092818-640x433.jpg\" alt=\"So common that it will help doctors determine when bleeding is normal, when interveetinon is necessary. (Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"433\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The researchers hope their findings will help doctors and patients understand what \"normal\" bleeding is during perimenopause. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> By Jennifer Huber\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I could hear the fear and panic in my friend’s voice over the phone. She was having her period, but bleeding so heavily that she was debating whether to go to the emergency room. Yet she wasn't sure. She wondered if she might be over-reacting, if her experience was simply what happened as a woman approached menopause.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">More than three-fourths of women in the study reported periods lasting at least 10 days.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As women get older, their periods can begin to change. This perimenopausal time typically starts when a woman is in her 40s and lasts about four years. (The average age of menopause, when periods stop, is 51.) For some women, the transition means unpredictable, prolonged or heavy bleeding, and that can be frightening. Now new research shows that these changes may be quite normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1471-0528.12768/abstract%20\" target=\"_blank\">the study\u003c/a>, researchers from across the country, including UC Davis and UCLA, reviewed data from 1,320 women ages 42-52 who kept detailed records of their menstrual cycles over time. The researchers found that instances of heavy or prolonged bleeding were very common.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers found the following rates reported at least three times during the 10-year study period:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>78 percent of women: periods lasted at least 10 days\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>67 percent: spotting lasted six or more days\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>35 percent: heavy bleeding lasted three or more days\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The report was recently published in \u003cem>BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaeocology.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These data confirm that two types of bleeding, longer menses with more days of spotting and heavier menses, occur in most women during the (transition to menopause),\" the authors noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers used data from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.swanstudy.org/about.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation\u003c/a> (SWAN), a study of middle-aged women living in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participating women completed daily menstrual calendars and provided information monthly on hormone therapy, gynecological procedures, smoking and physical activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>First Major Multi-Racial Study of Its Kind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the first long-term study to include a large population of women of multiple races: African-American, Japanese, Chinese and white. More than half the women in the study were not white. Previous studies were short and mostly limited to white women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Very few differences were seen between races. African-American women were less likely to bleed for 10 or more days or to spot for six or more days compared to white women. And Japanese women were less likely to have three or more days of heavy bleeding compared to white women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers hope that their study will help guide both clinicians and patients, by defining “normal” bleeding patterns for women during midlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need more descriptive information about the bleeding changes they can expect,” said author and University of Michigan professor Sioban Harlow in \u003ca href=\"http://ns.umich.edu/new/releases/22121-prolonged-and-heavy-bleeding-during-menopause-is-common%20\" target=\"_blank\">a statement\u003c/a>. “We need clear guidance to help women understand what changes in bleeding patterns do and do not require medical attention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health and other federal government health agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"HvsaE1friuAlqV5hibJLYCWI5Kne58E1\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Words Matter: To Get Kids to Help, Try Switching How You Ask",
"title": "Words Matter: To Get Kids to Help, Try Switching How You Ask",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18981\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/200283463-001_Crop-e1398965190202.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18981\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/200283463-001_Crop-640x493.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"493\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\u003cstrong>By Maanvi Singh\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/30/308045913/to-get-help-from-a-little-kid-ask-the-right-way\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Motivating children to stop playing and help out with chores isn't exactly an easy sell, as most parents and teachers will attest. But how you ask can make all the difference, psychologists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Helping\" versus \"being a helper.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">If you say something like, \"Please help me,\" the kids are more likely to keep playing with their Legos. But ask them, \"Please be a helper,\" and they'll be more responsive, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.12244/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">researchers report\u003c/a> this week in the journal \u003cem>Child Development\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Being called a helper makes kids feel like they're embodying a virtue, says \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://www.psychology.ucsd.edu/people/profiles/cbryan.html\">Christopher Bryan\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of California, San Diego and one of the researchers behind the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"It's really important to all of us to be good people,\" Bryan says. Helping is nice, but helpers are good people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\u003c!--more-->In the study, experimenters rounded up around 100 preschoolers, and divided them into two groups. One half got a talk about helping, while the other half heard about being helpers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Then we got the kids playing with some really fun toys,\" Bryan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">While the children were playing, an experimenter gave them various opportunities to lend a hand. Preschoolers who got the talk about being helpers actually dropped their toys to offer aid 20 percent more often than kids who heard a lesson about helping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">The phenomenon isn't unique to kids. In a previous study, Bryan found that asking grown-ups, \"How important is it to you to be a voter?\" was more likely to motivate them to get to the polls than asking them about the importance of voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Interestingly, Bryan says, \"Noun-based appeals to not cheat are [also] more effective than a verb-based approach.\" Sure, you may not want to cheat — but you \u003cem>really \u003c/em>don't want to see yourself as a cheater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res308115416\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \" style=\"color: #222222\">\u003cstrong>But Don't Go Too Far: Skills vs. Virtues\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \" style=\"color: #222222\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Still, when dealing with kids, adults should be careful not to take the approach too far, Bryan says. In some cases, it can set kids up to fall harder if they fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Helping isn't something you can fail at,\" Bryan says. But drawing is. An earlier \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://bingschool.stanford.edu/pub/cdweck/6.%20Cimpian-Subtle%20Linguistic%20Cues.pdf\">study\u003c/a> from Stanford University found that kids who were told they were \"good drawers\" (versus \"good at drawing\") were much harder on themselves when they thought they had created bad artwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">When adults put labels on kids — whether it's helper, drawer or something else — the child's identity and self-worth becomes entangled with the label, says \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~acimpian/\">Andrei Cimpian\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the drawing study. \"Later, down the line when they encounter difficulties, that's going to be a lot more painful,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">When it comes to behavior that's skill-based, as opposed to virtue-based, Cimpian says, parents might do better to use verbs instead of nouns. For example, instead of telling your little Picasso that she's a great artist, he says, \"Say, 'Wow, you spent a lot of time on that. It looks great!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">And don't sweat the verb-noun choice \u003cem>too\u003c/em> much, he says. \"It's not that one exposure to a noun phrase will forever make a child afraid of failing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Still, there's no question that children soak up subtleties in language for clues in how to live, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Adults frequently talk to kids about being a good boy or a bad boy, a good girl or a bad girl,\" Bryan says. \"And kids notice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"eHHVMvYxQCvPRm6lgI1E9FUryy8USHjd\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Asking preschoolers to be helpers is more effective than asking them to help, a UC San Diego study suggests. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18981\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/200283463-001_Crop-e1398965190202.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18981\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/05/200283463-001_Crop-640x493.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"493\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\u003cstrong>By Maanvi Singh\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/30/308045913/to-get-help-from-a-little-kid-ask-the-right-way\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Motivating children to stop playing and help out with chores isn't exactly an easy sell, as most parents and teachers will attest. But how you ask can make all the difference, psychologists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"Helping\" versus \"being a helper.\" \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">If you say something like, \"Please help me,\" the kids are more likely to keep playing with their Legos. But ask them, \"Please be a helper,\" and they'll be more responsive, \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cdev.12244/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">researchers report\u003c/a> this week in the journal \u003cem>Child Development\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Being called a helper makes kids feel like they're embodying a virtue, says \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://www.psychology.ucsd.edu/people/profiles/cbryan.html\">Christopher Bryan\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of California, San Diego and one of the researchers behind the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"It's really important to all of us to be good people,\" Bryan says. Helping is nice, but helpers are good people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\u003c!--more-->In the study, experimenters rounded up around 100 preschoolers, and divided them into two groups. One half got a talk about helping, while the other half heard about being helpers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Then we got the kids playing with some really fun toys,\" Bryan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">While the children were playing, an experimenter gave them various opportunities to lend a hand. Preschoolers who got the talk about being helpers actually dropped their toys to offer aid 20 percent more often than kids who heard a lesson about helping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">The phenomenon isn't unique to kids. In a previous study, Bryan found that asking grown-ups, \"How important is it to you to be a voter?\" was more likely to motivate them to get to the polls than asking them about the importance of voting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Interestingly, Bryan says, \"Noun-based appeals to not cheat are [also] more effective than a verb-based approach.\" Sure, you may not want to cheat — but you \u003cem>really \u003c/em>don't want to see yourself as a cheater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"res308115416\" class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \" style=\"color: #222222\">\u003cstrong>But Don't Go Too Far: Skills vs. Virtues\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"bucketwrap internallink insettwocolumn inset2col \" style=\"color: #222222\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Still, when dealing with kids, adults should be careful not to take the approach too far, Bryan says. In some cases, it can set kids up to fall harder if they fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Helping isn't something you can fail at,\" Bryan says. But drawing is. An earlier \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://bingschool.stanford.edu/pub/cdweck/6.%20Cimpian-Subtle%20Linguistic%20Cues.pdf\">study\u003c/a> from Stanford University found that kids who were told they were \"good drawers\" (versus \"good at drawing\") were much harder on themselves when they thought they had created bad artwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">When adults put labels on kids — whether it's helper, drawer or something else — the child's identity and self-worth becomes entangled with the label, says \u003ca style=\"font-style: inherit;color: #4774cc\" href=\"http://internal.psychology.illinois.edu/~acimpian/\">Andrei Cimpian\u003c/a>, a psychologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the drawing study. \"Later, down the line when they encounter difficulties, that's going to be a lot more painful,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">When it comes to behavior that's skill-based, as opposed to virtue-based, Cimpian says, parents might do better to use verbs instead of nouns. For example, instead of telling your little Picasso that she's a great artist, he says, \"Say, 'Wow, you spent a lot of time on that. It looks great!' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">And don't sweat the verb-noun choice \u003cem>too\u003c/em> much, he says. \"It's not that one exposure to a noun phrase will forever make a child afraid of failing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">Still, there's no question that children soak up subtleties in language for clues in how to live, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"color: #111111\">\"Adults frequently talk to kids about being a good boy or a bad boy, a good girl or a bad girl,\" Bryan says. \"And kids notice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"eHHVMvYxQCvPRm6lgI1E9FUryy8USHjd\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Caffeine: How Our Favorite Drug Affects Us",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/461976937-e1397857940904.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18763\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/461976937-640x509.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"509\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I'm writing this, I'm hitting my mid-afternoon slump. And it's Friday, no less. The time seems perfect for a cup of coffee. And now, because caffeine was the topic on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201404180900\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's Forum\u003c/a> this morning, I know how and why caffeine is an apparent energy booster.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">And who knew it was also a natural pesticide?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Its primary role is a simple one,\" said Forum guest Murray Carpenter. He's the author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.indiebound.org/book/9781594631382\" target=\"_blank\">Caffeinated\u003c/a> and is full of facts about the \"bitter white powder.\" Let's start with the biochemistry: caffeine blocks a neurotransmitter called adenosine. This is the signal that tells you that you are drowsy. When you consume caffeine, it blocks adenosine from sending the \"fatigue\" message. \"Fully 50 percent of the receptors are blocked\" after we consume caffeine, Carpenter explained, \"and it's that simple trick that allows caffeine to do its work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But caffeine has another role that I had never heard of: it's a natural pesticide. If insects consume a caffeinated plant, they become paralyzed and die. Odd that it works so differently on humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/resourcesforyou/consumers/buyingusingmedicinesafely/understandingover-the-countermedicines/ucm205286.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">labels\u003c/a> caffeine as both a drug and a food additive, but it turns out there's no labeling required so we can all might know how much caffeine we're getting. In addition, there's tremendous variability about how much caffeine you might be consuming. While colas might have a predictable amount of caffeine, coffee does not. Carpenter cited research showing that a coffee from Dunkin Donuts, for example, had 160 milligrams of caffeine, where as Starbucks was much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even at Starbucks, Carpenter cited a study where a Florida researcher went to the same Starbucks several days in a row and bought the same size and blend of coffee. He found that one cup had as little as 240 mg of caffeine but another had 560 mg. While ratio of beans to water can cause variability, \"the other factor is that (coffee beans are) a natural plant with varying levels of this chemical in it. It could be the growing conditions, rain fall, altitude is going to affect the caffeine concentration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While caffeine may be a drug, Carpenter said it has not been connected to any serious health conditions (for the overwhelming majority of users; one ER doctor who called in said he'd once treated a woman who consumed 44 cups of coffee a day. Please use common sense.) But caffeine is connected to some more minor conditions: anxiety and sleeplessness. If you're having trouble sleeping, you might think about reducing your caffeine consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carpenter said research has shown that teenagers' consumption of caffeine has gone up in kids ages 12 to 16. \"If you would like your teen to sleep better, it's worth being very aware of their caffeine consumption,\" Carpenter warned. Those on the younger end of the \"12 to 16\" age range are likely to be significantly smaller than adults. Remember that a large coffee is likely to affect a smaller body differently than that of an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents may be able to relax a little around caffeinated energy drinks. Carpenter asserts that a product like Red Bull, for example, does not have as much caffeine as people seem to think. It compares to a 5-ounce cup of coffee or a single shot of espresso.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor surprisingly, there are variations in how people metabolize caffeine. Smokers burn through caffeine twice as quickly as non-smokers, \"so they'll need twice as much caffeine to get the same boost as non-smokers,\" Carpenter says. Meanwhile, women on birth control pills metabolize caffeine more slowly. So they'll need about half as much caffeine to get the same effect. \"There really are quite a number of variables here. So you add those on to genetic variability and the variability that you know exists in coffee, you really have quite a range, a spectrum of how the same amount of caffeine can influence every different person,\" Carpenter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, light roasted coffees have more caffeine than dark roasted ones. Carpenter explained that some of the caffeine is roasted away during the roasting process. The longer you roast, the less caffeine you get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One final note: don't believe that a cup of coffee sobers up someone who is drunk. \"What caffeine's allowing a drunk to do is have more energy to do silly things,\" Carpenter said, such as drive a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"tWzTEoGvcXslOEU4CzAAwrDRNHYXp0mT\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18763\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/461976937-e1397857940904.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18763\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/461976937-640x509.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"509\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As I'm writing this, I'm hitting my mid-afternoon slump. And it's Friday, no less. The time seems perfect for a cup of coffee. And now, because caffeine was the topic on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201404180900\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's Forum\u003c/a> this morning, I know how and why caffeine is an apparent energy booster.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">And who knew it was also a natural pesticide?\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Its primary role is a simple one,\" said Forum guest Murray Carpenter. He's the author of \u003ca href=\"http://www.indiebound.org/book/9781594631382\" target=\"_blank\">Caffeinated\u003c/a> and is full of facts about the \"bitter white powder.\" Let's start with the biochemistry: caffeine blocks a neurotransmitter called adenosine. This is the signal that tells you that you are drowsy. When you consume caffeine, it blocks adenosine from sending the \"fatigue\" message. \"Fully 50 percent of the receptors are blocked\" after we consume caffeine, Carpenter explained, \"and it's that simple trick that allows caffeine to do its work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But caffeine has another role that I had never heard of: it's a natural pesticide. If insects consume a caffeinated plant, they become paralyzed and die. Odd that it works so differently on humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/downloads/drugs/resourcesforyou/consumers/buyingusingmedicinesafely/understandingover-the-countermedicines/ucm205286.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">labels\u003c/a> caffeine as both a drug and a food additive, but it turns out there's no labeling required so we can all might know how much caffeine we're getting. In addition, there's tremendous variability about how much caffeine you might be consuming. While colas might have a predictable amount of caffeine, coffee does not. Carpenter cited research showing that a coffee from Dunkin Donuts, for example, had 160 milligrams of caffeine, where as Starbucks was much higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even at Starbucks, Carpenter cited a study where a Florida researcher went to the same Starbucks several days in a row and bought the same size and blend of coffee. He found that one cup had as little as 240 mg of caffeine but another had 560 mg. While ratio of beans to water can cause variability, \"the other factor is that (coffee beans are) a natural plant with varying levels of this chemical in it. It could be the growing conditions, rain fall, altitude is going to affect the caffeine concentration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While caffeine may be a drug, Carpenter said it has not been connected to any serious health conditions (for the overwhelming majority of users; one ER doctor who called in said he'd once treated a woman who consumed 44 cups of coffee a day. Please use common sense.) But caffeine is connected to some more minor conditions: anxiety and sleeplessness. If you're having trouble sleeping, you might think about reducing your caffeine consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carpenter said research has shown that teenagers' consumption of caffeine has gone up in kids ages 12 to 16. \"If you would like your teen to sleep better, it's worth being very aware of their caffeine consumption,\" Carpenter warned. Those on the younger end of the \"12 to 16\" age range are likely to be significantly smaller than adults. Remember that a large coffee is likely to affect a smaller body differently than that of an adult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents may be able to relax a little around caffeinated energy drinks. Carpenter asserts that a product like Red Bull, for example, does not have as much caffeine as people seem to think. It compares to a 5-ounce cup of coffee or a single shot of espresso.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor surprisingly, there are variations in how people metabolize caffeine. Smokers burn through caffeine twice as quickly as non-smokers, \"so they'll need twice as much caffeine to get the same boost as non-smokers,\" Carpenter says. Meanwhile, women on birth control pills metabolize caffeine more slowly. So they'll need about half as much caffeine to get the same effect. \"There really are quite a number of variables here. So you add those on to genetic variability and the variability that you know exists in coffee, you really have quite a range, a spectrum of how the same amount of caffeine can influence every different person,\" Carpenter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curiously, light roasted coffees have more caffeine than dark roasted ones. Carpenter explained that some of the caffeine is roasted away during the roasting process. The longer you roast, the less caffeine you get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One final note: don't believe that a cup of coffee sobers up someone who is drunk. \"What caffeine's allowing a drunk to do is have more energy to do silly things,\" Carpenter said, such as drive a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"tWzTEoGvcXslOEU4CzAAwrDRNHYXp0mT\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Could What You Believe About Your Food Affect Your Metabolism?",
"title": "Could What You Believe About Your Food Affect Your Metabolism?",
"headTitle": "State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Screen-Shot-2014-04-14-at-11.46.16-AM-e1397501330277.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18680 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Screen-Shot-2014-04-14-at-11.46.16-AM-640x333.png\" alt=\"(via NPR)\" width=\"640\" height=\"333\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a study, people were given either a \"healthy\" milkshake or an \"indulgent\" one. But both milkshakes were the same. (via NPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Alix Spiegel,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/14/299179468/mind-over-milkshake-how-your-thoughts-fool-your-stomach\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever spend a lot of time looking at a food label, weighing -- is this food good for me? Bad for me?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the thing you probably haven't stopped to consider: how the label\u003cem> itself\u003c/em> is affecting you.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Sounds crazy, but if participants believed the milkshake was \"indulgent,\" they thought they'd eaten more, and their digestion was affected. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Labels are not just labels; they evoke a set of beliefs,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www4.gsb.columbia.edu/cbs-directory/departments/faculty-staff/detail/7527493/Alia+Crum\" target=\"_blank\">Alia Crum\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist who does research at the Columbia Business School in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of years ago, Crum found herself considering what seems like a pretty strange question. She wanted to know whether the information conveyed by a nutritional label could physically change what happens to you — \"whether these labels get under the skin literally,\" she says, \"and actually affect the body's physiological processing of the nutrients that are consumed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a student, Crum had spent years studying the placebo effect — how a sugar pill can physically alter a body if the person taking the pill believes it will. She figured food labels might work the same way. So she came up with an experiment.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crum created a huge batch of French vanilla milkshake, then divided it into two batches that were labeled in two very different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half the stuff was put into bottles labeled as a low-calorie drink called Sensishake — advertised as having zero percent fat, zero added sugar and only 140 calories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other half was put into bottles that were labeled as containing an incredibly rich treat called Indulgence. According to the label, Indulgence had all kinds of things that wouldn't benefit your thighs — including enough sugar and fat to account for 620 calories. In truth, the shakes had 300 calories each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both before and after the people in the study drank their shakes, nurses measured their levels of a hormone called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17212793\" target=\"_blank\">ghrelin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghrelin is a hormone secreted in the gut. People in the medical profession call it the hunger hormone. When ghrelin levels in the stomach rise, that signals the brain that it's time to seek out food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It also slows metabolism,\" Crum says, \"just in case you might not find that food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after your ghrelin rises, and you have a big meal (say a cheeseburger and a side of fries), then your ghrelin levels drop. That signals the mind, Crum says, that \"you've had enough here, and I'm going to start revving up the metabolism so we can burn the calories we've just ingested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, if you only have a small salad, your ghrelin levels don't drop that much, and metabolism doesn't get triggered in the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a long time scientists thought ghrelin levels fluctuated in response to nutrients that the ghrelin met in the stomach. So put in a big meal, ghrelin responds one way; put in a small snack and it responds another way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not what Crum found in her \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=crum+ghrelin\" target=\"_blank\">milkshake study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you believed you were drinking the indulgent shake, she says, your body responded as if you had consumed much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"The ghrelin levels dropped about three times more when people were consuming the indulgent shake (or thought they were consuming the indulgent shake),\" she says, compared to the people who drank the sensible shake (or thought that's what they were drinking).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does that mean the facts don't matter, that it's what we \u003cem>think \u003c/em>of the facts that matters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think I would go that far yet,\" Crum says. More tests need to be done, she says, to figure out exactly how much influence comes from food and mindset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she does think the usual metabolic model — calories in and calories out — might need some rethinking, because it doesn't account in any way for our beliefs about our food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our beliefs matter in virtually every domain, in everything we do,\" Crum says. \"How much is a mystery, but I don't think we've given enough credit to the role of our beliefs in determining our physiology, our reality. We have this very simple metabolic science: calories in, calories out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People don't want to think that our beliefs have influence, too, she says. \"But they do!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow: hidden\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003ciframe src=\"//cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FpIfhxt0JCok%3Ffeature%3Doembed&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DpIfhxt0JCok&image=http%3A%2F%2Fi1.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FpIfhxt0JCok%2Fhqdefault.jpg&key=981697b3caaa4776a9e96c1890128d7f&type=text%2Fhtml&schema=youtube\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FpIfhxt0JCok\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/\" target=\"_blank\">YouTube\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"1prCSv6QOwemL45SzB6myMlDaf2mSMNn\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In a fascinating study, what people believed about a milkshake came true. If they thought it was fattening, they thought they'd eaten more, and their digestion was affected.",
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"description": "In a fascinating study, what people believed about a milkshake came true. If they thought it was fattening, they thought they'd eaten more, and their digestion was affected.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Screen-Shot-2014-04-14-at-11.46.16-AM-e1397501330277.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18680 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Screen-Shot-2014-04-14-at-11.46.16-AM-640x333.png\" alt=\"(via NPR)\" width=\"640\" height=\"333\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In a study, people were given either a \"healthy\" milkshake or an \"indulgent\" one. But both milkshakes were the same. (via NPR)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Alix Spiegel,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/04/14/299179468/mind-over-milkshake-how-your-thoughts-fool-your-stomach\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever spend a lot of time looking at a food label, weighing -- is this food good for me? Bad for me?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the thing you probably haven't stopped to consider: how the label\u003cem> itself\u003c/em> is affecting you.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Sounds crazy, but if participants believed the milkshake was \"indulgent,\" they thought they'd eaten more, and their digestion was affected. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Labels are not just labels; they evoke a set of beliefs,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www4.gsb.columbia.edu/cbs-directory/departments/faculty-staff/detail/7527493/Alia+Crum\" target=\"_blank\">Alia Crum\u003c/a>, a clinical psychologist who does research at the Columbia Business School in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A couple of years ago, Crum found herself considering what seems like a pretty strange question. She wanted to know whether the information conveyed by a nutritional label could physically change what happens to you — \"whether these labels get under the skin literally,\" she says, \"and actually affect the body's physiological processing of the nutrients that are consumed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a student, Crum had spent years studying the placebo effect — how a sugar pill can physically alter a body if the person taking the pill believes it will. She figured food labels might work the same way. So she came up with an experiment.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crum created a huge batch of French vanilla milkshake, then divided it into two batches that were labeled in two very different ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half the stuff was put into bottles labeled as a low-calorie drink called Sensishake — advertised as having zero percent fat, zero added sugar and only 140 calories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other half was put into bottles that were labeled as containing an incredibly rich treat called Indulgence. According to the label, Indulgence had all kinds of things that wouldn't benefit your thighs — including enough sugar and fat to account for 620 calories. In truth, the shakes had 300 calories each.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both before and after the people in the study drank their shakes, nurses measured their levels of a hormone called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17212793\" target=\"_blank\">ghrelin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ghrelin is a hormone secreted in the gut. People in the medical profession call it the hunger hormone. When ghrelin levels in the stomach rise, that signals the brain that it's time to seek out food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It also slows metabolism,\" Crum says, \"just in case you might not find that food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after your ghrelin rises, and you have a big meal (say a cheeseburger and a side of fries), then your ghrelin levels drop. That signals the mind, Crum says, that \"you've had enough here, and I'm going to start revving up the metabolism so we can burn the calories we've just ingested.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, if you only have a small salad, your ghrelin levels don't drop that much, and metabolism doesn't get triggered in the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a long time scientists thought ghrelin levels fluctuated in response to nutrients that the ghrelin met in the stomach. So put in a big meal, ghrelin responds one way; put in a small snack and it responds another way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that's not what Crum found in her \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=crum+ghrelin\" target=\"_blank\">milkshake study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you believed you were drinking the indulgent shake, she says, your body responded as if you had consumed much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"The ghrelin levels dropped about three times more when people were consuming the indulgent shake (or thought they were consuming the indulgent shake),\" she says, compared to the people who drank the sensible shake (or thought that's what they were drinking).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does that mean the facts don't matter, that it's what we \u003cem>think \u003c/em>of the facts that matters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think I would go that far yet,\" Crum says. More tests need to be done, she says, to figure out exactly how much influence comes from food and mindset.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she does think the usual metabolic model — calories in and calories out — might need some rethinking, because it doesn't account in any way for our beliefs about our food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our beliefs matter in virtually every domain, in everything we do,\" Crum says. \"How much is a mystery, but I don't think we've given enough credit to the role of our beliefs in determining our physiology, our reality. We have this very simple metabolic science: calories in, calories out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People don't want to think that our beliefs have influence, too, she says. \"But they do!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"overflow: hidden\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly\">\u003ciframe src=\"//cdn.embedly.com/widgets/media.html?src=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fembed%2FpIfhxt0JCok%3Ffeature%3Doembed&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DpIfhxt0JCok&image=http%3A%2F%2Fi1.ytimg.com%2Fvi%2FpIfhxt0JCok%2Fhqdefault.jpg&key=981697b3caaa4776a9e96c1890128d7f&type=text%2Fhtml&schema=youtube\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"embedly-powered\" style=\"float: right\">\u003ca title=\"Powered by Embedly\" href=\"http://embed.ly/code?url=http%3A%2F%2Fyoutu.be%2FpIfhxt0JCok\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://static.embed.ly/images/logos/embedly-powered-small-light.png\" alt=\"Embedly Powered\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"media-attribution\">via \u003ca class=\"media-attribution-link\" href=\"http://www.youtube.com/\" target=\"_blank\">YouTube\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"embedly-clear\">\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"1prCSv6QOwemL45SzB6myMlDaf2mSMNn\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In San Francisco, Brain Surgeons Explore Their Practice Through Art",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro1-e1397066807510.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18618\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro1-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Neurosurgeon Katherine Ko stands next to her painting "Craniotomy in G Sharp," a depiction of her drilling a skull in preparation for brain surgery. "It's kind of a self portrait," she says. (April Dembosky/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neurosurgeon Kathryn Ko stands next to her painting \"Craniotomy in G Sharp,\" a depiction of her drilling a skull in preparation for brain surgery. \"It's kind of a self portrait,\" she says. (April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO -- Most of the Moscone Center exhibit hall is full of looming medical machines: brain scanners and brain mappers. Men in suits wait for the wandering neurosurgeon to pass by so they can pounce with their pitch for the latest, greatest technology that will change brain surgery forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Patterns repeat themselves over and over in nature. We see that in our work and in anatomy.” \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But back at exhibit booth 630, it’s a different scene. An art show. Paintings and photographs depict abstract interpretations by neurosurgeons of their work, portraits of neurosurgery patients and natural landscapes that offer a striking resemblance to the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Music, art, the visual, the senses -- matches and melds with medicine,” says Dr. Kathryn Ko, a neurosurgeon from New York who curated the show. “We like to see that left brain, right brain cross over. It’s a respite where you don’t have to concentrate. You can just let your eyes roam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/147635003&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theme of this year’s American Association of Neurological Surgeons annual conference is “Expanding Neurosurgery” and Ko wanted to expand beyond the scientific. Throughout the exhibit space, she hung sheets of music from Modest Mussorgsky’s \"Pictures at an Exhibition.\" It was an insightful choice for a neurosurgeon. The composer wrote the piano suite after a dear friend died of a brain aneurysm, and he based the work on his experience walking through an exhibit of the friend’s drawings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ko played on the theme further, creating installations that overlaid surgical instruments on the sheet music. She dropped medical supplies into her own paintings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18619\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro2-e1397066869933.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-18619 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"(April Dembosky/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The photographer-neurosurgeon who took this picture at Yellowstone National Park says it reminded her of the surface of the brain. (April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One of my pieces is called 'Craniotomy in G sharp,'” she says, pointing to a canvas that closes in on a surgeon's hands opening a skull. “It’s because the drill that we use to open the brain, when it’s properly working, emits the sound that is G sharp. And because I have perfect pitch I can tell whether or not the nurses have turned the drill on properly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another piece, displayed on a music stand, uses white and red gauze to create an impression of a needle holder, a tool used to suture skin after surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needle has a little bit of glitter on it so it catches your eye as you walk by,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Shelly Timmons, a trauma neurosurgeon from Pennsylvania, she sees her work in nature. She displayed two photographs she took of geysers in Yellowstone National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patterns repeat themselves over and over in nature,” she says. “We see that in our work and in anatomy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One photo shows a flat sandy rock flanked by blue and clear water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This particular piece reminds me a lot of the surface of the brain,” she says. “There’s a structure in the brain called the choroid plexus, which produces spinal fluid. This piece reminds me of that, and it’s surrounded by fluid so it’s sort of thematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18620\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro3-e1397066910486.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-18620\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro3-300x252.jpg\" alt=\"A neurosurgeon's portrait of a mother and child in Mombasa, Kenya. The child was treated for hydrocephalus, a condition where spinal fluid builds up in the brain. (April Dembosky/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A neurosurgeon's portrait of a mother and child in Mombasa, Kenya. The child was treated for hydrocephalus, a condition where spinal fluid builds up in the brain. (April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The human side of neurosurgery comes through as well. Dr. Bob Dempsey, a professor of neurosurgery at the University of Wisconsin, displayed a portrait of a woman he took while working in Africa. She is dressed in a colorful wrap, gazing down at her child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I call this the face of hydrocephalus,” he says. “Hydrocephalus is a condition where spinal fluid in the central nervous system builds up in the brain, causing pressure. It ends in mental retardation, paralysis or death. It’s a very endemic problem in the developing world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is reversible, though, and after he treated this woman’s child, he asked if he could take her picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The compositor was hers, just the way she cared for the child, and all I did was try to capture that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"lk38Ol9MQrIXsEdWRDQRORc9nG8qMnco\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18618\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro1-e1397066807510.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18618\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro1-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Neurosurgeon Katherine Ko stands next to her painting "Craniotomy in G Sharp," a depiction of her drilling a skull in preparation for brain surgery. "It's kind of a self portrait," she says. (April Dembosky/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neurosurgeon Kathryn Ko stands next to her painting \"Craniotomy in G Sharp,\" a depiction of her drilling a skull in preparation for brain surgery. \"It's kind of a self portrait,\" she says. (April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO -- Most of the Moscone Center exhibit hall is full of looming medical machines: brain scanners and brain mappers. Men in suits wait for the wandering neurosurgeon to pass by so they can pounce with their pitch for the latest, greatest technology that will change brain surgery forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“Patterns repeat themselves over and over in nature. We see that in our work and in anatomy.” \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But back at exhibit booth 630, it’s a different scene. An art show. Paintings and photographs depict abstract interpretations by neurosurgeons of their work, portraits of neurosurgery patients and natural landscapes that offer a striking resemblance to the human brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Music, art, the visual, the senses -- matches and melds with medicine,” says Dr. Kathryn Ko, a neurosurgeon from New York who curated the show. “We like to see that left brain, right brain cross over. It’s a respite where you don’t have to concentrate. You can just let your eyes roam.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/147635003&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theme of this year’s American Association of Neurological Surgeons annual conference is “Expanding Neurosurgery” and Ko wanted to expand beyond the scientific. Throughout the exhibit space, she hung sheets of music from Modest Mussorgsky’s \"Pictures at an Exhibition.\" It was an insightful choice for a neurosurgeon. The composer wrote the piano suite after a dear friend died of a brain aneurysm, and he based the work on his experience walking through an exhibit of the friend’s drawings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ko played on the theme further, creating installations that overlaid surgical instruments on the sheet music. She dropped medical supplies into her own paintings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18619\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro2-e1397066869933.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-18619 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro2-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"(April Dembosky/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The photographer-neurosurgeon who took this picture at Yellowstone National Park says it reminded her of the surface of the brain. (April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“One of my pieces is called 'Craniotomy in G sharp,'” she says, pointing to a canvas that closes in on a surgeon's hands opening a skull. “It’s because the drill that we use to open the brain, when it’s properly working, emits the sound that is G sharp. And because I have perfect pitch I can tell whether or not the nurses have turned the drill on properly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another piece, displayed on a music stand, uses white and red gauze to create an impression of a needle holder, a tool used to suture skin after surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The needle has a little bit of glitter on it so it catches your eye as you walk by,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Shelly Timmons, a trauma neurosurgeon from Pennsylvania, she sees her work in nature. She displayed two photographs she took of geysers in Yellowstone National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Patterns repeat themselves over and over in nature,” she says. “We see that in our work and in anatomy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One photo shows a flat sandy rock flanked by blue and clear water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This particular piece reminds me a lot of the surface of the brain,” she says. “There’s a structure in the brain called the choroid plexus, which produces spinal fluid. This piece reminds me of that, and it’s surrounded by fluid so it’s sort of thematic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18620\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro3-e1397066910486.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-18620\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/04/Neuro3-300x252.jpg\" alt=\"A neurosurgeon's portrait of a mother and child in Mombasa, Kenya. The child was treated for hydrocephalus, a condition where spinal fluid builds up in the brain. (April Dembosky/KQED)\" width=\"300\" height=\"252\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A neurosurgeon's portrait of a mother and child in Mombasa, Kenya. The child was treated for hydrocephalus, a condition where spinal fluid builds up in the brain. (April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The human side of neurosurgery comes through as well. Dr. Bob Dempsey, a professor of neurosurgery at the University of Wisconsin, displayed a portrait of a woman he took while working in Africa. She is dressed in a colorful wrap, gazing down at her child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I call this the face of hydrocephalus,” he says. “Hydrocephalus is a condition where spinal fluid in the central nervous system builds up in the brain, causing pressure. It ends in mental retardation, paralysis or death. It’s a very endemic problem in the developing world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is reversible, though, and after he treated this woman’s child, he asked if he could take her picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The compositor was hers, just the way she cared for the child, and all I did was try to capture that,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"lk38Ol9MQrIXsEdWRDQRORc9nG8qMnco\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18422\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 637px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-31-at-11.00.16-AM.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-18422\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-31-at-11.00.16-AM.png\" alt=\"(screenshot from Minecraft trailer)\" width=\"637\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-31-at-11.00.16-AM.png 637w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-31-at-11.00.16-AM-400x218.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/Screen-Shot-2014-03-31-at-11.00.16-AM-320x174.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(screenshot from Minecraft trailer)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Maanvi Singh,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/03/28/295692162/why-playing-minecraft-might-be-healthier-for-kids-than-tv\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors say children shouldn't log more than two hours a day of screen time, though what with phones, computers and TV most children put in much more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it may be that not all screens are equally evil.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">One theory? Harder to snack on chips when tapping on keyboard. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers from the University of Michigan found that sixth-graders who watched a lot of TV were more likely to eat junk food and drink soda than their peers who spent the same amount of time on the computer or playing video games, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, running around outside is still much better for children's health than playing Temple Run on an iPhone. Kids who watched two to six hours a day of TV and those who played video games or used a computer for the same amount of time were heavier and had higher blood pressure than those who put in less than an hour a day of screen time, the researchers found.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excess weight and higher blood pressure in childhood are considered risk factors for heart disease later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our hypothesis is that when kids are watching TV, they're going to be accessing commercials that are more likely to be food related,\" says Dr. Elizabeth Jackson, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Michigan Health System, who led the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson and her colleagues checked the health of 1,003 middle-schoolers and asked them about their snacking habits. The research was presented at the American College of Cardiology's Scientific Session in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the big consumers of TV, computer time and games all said they ate more junk food than the low-screen-time kids, the TV-watchers were most adept at eating chips and french fries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps that because it's hard to snack on chips while your hands are busy tapping away on a keyboard or a game controller, Jackson tells Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors have known for a while that increasing screen time and media use also increases kids' chances of being obese, they don't usually differentiate between various types of media. Jackson says that this research was a first step in trying to tease out the differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if some types of media use are better than others, Jackson says that her research and other studies show spending less time sitting in front of any sort of screen is good for youngsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a mom and a doctor I would say it's important to limit the screen time for kids,\" she says. Thus teachers, parents and communities need to make sure kids spend at least a little bit of time running around and entertaining themselves the old-fashioned way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"GFfoe6WiHQDnmol84G9K9nZBg7z7r84L\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Excess weight and higher blood pressure in childhood are considered risk factors for heart disease later in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our hypothesis is that when kids are watching TV, they're going to be accessing commercials that are more likely to be food related,\" says Dr. Elizabeth Jackson, an associate professor of medicine at the University of Michigan Health System, who led the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jackson and her colleagues checked the health of 1,003 middle-schoolers and asked them about their snacking habits. The research was presented at the American College of Cardiology's Scientific Session in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the big consumers of TV, computer time and games all said they ate more junk food than the low-screen-time kids, the TV-watchers were most adept at eating chips and french fries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps that because it's hard to snack on chips while your hands are busy tapping away on a keyboard or a game controller, Jackson tells Shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While doctors have known for a while that increasing screen time and media use also increases kids' chances of being obese, they don't usually differentiate between various types of media. Jackson says that this research was a first step in trying to tease out the differences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if some types of media use are better than others, Jackson says that her research and other studies show spending less time sitting in front of any sort of screen is good for youngsters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a mom and a doctor I would say it's important to limit the screen time for kids,\" she says. Thus teachers, parents and communities need to make sure kids spend at least a little bit of time running around and entertaining themselves the old-fashioned way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"GFfoe6WiHQDnmol84G9K9nZBg7z7r84L\"]\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/186366953-e1395432599435.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18259\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/186366953-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women who exercised an hour a day saw the greatest risk reduction, but women who weren't as active also reduced their risk. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/03/20/291894075/exercise-cuts-breast-cancer-risk-for-all-women-everywhere\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could be the simplest bit of health advice ever: Exercise reduces women's risk of breast cancer, no matter what kind of exercise they do, how old they are, how much they weigh, or when they get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The more active a woman is, the better her odds of avoiding breast cancer. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers in France looked at studies that involved more than 4 million women around the world who participated in prospective studies from 1987 to 2013. They found that the more active a woman is, the better her odds of avoiding breast cancer. Women who were most active, with more than an hour a day of vigorous activity, got the most benefits, lowering their cancer risk by 12 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But women who weren't as active saw reduced risk, too, notes \u003ca href=\"http://www.i-pri.org/mathieu-boniol/\">Mathieu Boniol\u003c/a>, research director at the Strathclyde Institute for Global Public Health in Lyon, France. More activity was better, but anything was better than nothing. He presented the data Thursday at the European Breast Cancer Conference in Glasgow.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decrease is the same whatever the country, whatever the age, whatever the menopausal status,\" Boniol told Shots. And it didn't matter if women were active in work, activities of daily living, or sports. \"It's very good news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don't know why physical activity reduces breast cancer risk. There's been speculation about exercise's effect on hormones and inflammation, but no one knows for sure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other studies have found breast cancer risk reductions as high as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21253795\">25 percent\u003c/a> from physical activity, but Boniol says that because of the huge number of women included in this analysis, the 12 percent reduction is more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Women who were overweight or obese benefited a little less, but still lowered their risk by 10 percent overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And women who got moving after menopause also saw benefits from exercise. \"It's not something to say, 'Oh, I've never done sports why do that right now?' \" Boniol says. \"We now have evidence that it could still be beneficial. And it's cheap. It's a very cheap way to do prevention of breast cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_auto_sidebar id=\"Dxmjc0EP5SzojTDEP7oCPLsMoH9dZJvf\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_18259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/186366953-e1395432599435.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-18259\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/03/186366953-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"(Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Women who exercised an hour a day saw the greatest risk reduction, but women who weren't as active also reduced their risk. (Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Nancy Shute,\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/03/20/291894075/exercise-cuts-breast-cancer-risk-for-all-women-everywhere\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This could be the simplest bit of health advice ever: Exercise reduces women's risk of breast cancer, no matter what kind of exercise they do, how old they are, how much they weigh, or when they get started.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">The more active a woman is, the better her odds of avoiding breast cancer. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Researchers in France looked at studies that involved more than 4 million women around the world who participated in prospective studies from 1987 to 2013. They found that the more active a woman is, the better her odds of avoiding breast cancer. Women who were most active, with more than an hour a day of vigorous activity, got the most benefits, lowering their cancer risk by 12 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But women who weren't as active saw reduced risk, too, notes \u003ca href=\"http://www.i-pri.org/mathieu-boniol/\">Mathieu Boniol\u003c/a>, research director at the Strathclyde Institute for Global Public Health in Lyon, France. More activity was better, but anything was better than nothing. He presented the data Thursday at the European Breast Cancer Conference in Glasgow.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decrease is the same whatever the country, whatever the age, whatever the menopausal status,\" Boniol told Shots. And it didn't matter if women were active in work, activities of daily living, or sports. \"It's very good news.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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