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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown, who has made climate preparedness a linchpin of his administration, issued a bold \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/9.10.18-Executive-Order.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> during the recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931186/live-blog-bringing-you-the-global-climate-action-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Action Summit\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">‘I mean, if we’re talking about taking emissions out of driving, that sounds like doing away with the combustion engine.’ \n\u003cp>‘Well, exactly.’\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Brown is calling for the entire California economy to become carbon-neutral by 2045. That would mean deploying a combination of new technologies to vastly reduce the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, plus the widespread implementation of methods to capture the rest, so that the state’s net release of emissions already altering the climate in devastating ways would be zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vox energy and climate reporter David Roberts \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/9/11/17844896/california-jerry-brown-carbon-neutral-2045-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called\u003c/a> Brown’s announcement “surprising, strange, and stunning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is it doable? KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Sally Benson, co-director of Stanford’s Precourt Institute for Energy, to find out. The following is edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The governor called for California to be carbon neutral by 2015. What does that mean? No plastic cups, no disposable diapers? Will I be able to use paper towels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benson:\u003c/strong> Well, if we make them exactly like we do today, the answer would probably be no. We have to find completely different ways to make a lot of the products we use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastics, for instance, come from petrochemicals — oil and gas. In the future we’re going to need to find new ways to do that. We might use \u003ca href=\"https://www.corbion.com/media/550170/corbion_whitepaper_feedstock_sourcing_11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">biological feedstocks\u003c/a>. We have some other ideas about sophisticated chemistry that takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, together with water and 100 percent clean energy, and synthesizes plastics. That’s a long way from now, but the seeds of those innovations are actually here today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931512/climate-summit-what-happened-and-what-it-means\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Summit: What Happened and What Does It Mean?\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But this has to apply to the whole economy, right? I mean, if we’re talking about taking emissions out of driving, that sounds like doing away with the combustion engine.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benson:\u003c/strong> Well, exactly. So the strategy will be to electrify everything you can. And then the next thing is to address all those emissions you can’t get rid of, things like making cement and airline travel, where it’s hard to find substitutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those, we need to think about capturing the carbon dioxide that’s emitted, then sequestering it in underground formations like oil and gas reservoirs, which California’s got a lot of. We can also plant more forests and change our agricultural practices to store more carbon in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re talking about sweeping changes across the entire landscape of how we use energy today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Just between you and me, is this realistic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benson: \u003c/strong>Well, I would say it’s aspirational. And also realistic. You know 100 percent is really hard, and we’re going to have to make major technological changes in order to achieve this. And no doubt, if California’s successful, we will be on the leading or perhaps bleeding edge of those kind of new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown, who has made climate preparedness a linchpin of his administration, issued a bold \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/9.10.18-Executive-Order.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">executive order\u003c/a> during the recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931186/live-blog-bringing-you-the-global-climate-action-summit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Action Summit\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">‘I mean, if we’re talking about taking emissions out of driving, that sounds like doing away with the combustion engine.’ \n\u003cp>‘Well, exactly.’\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Brown is calling for the entire California economy to become carbon-neutral by 2045. That would mean deploying a combination of new technologies to vastly reduce the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, plus the widespread implementation of methods to capture the rest, so that the state’s net release of emissions already altering the climate in devastating ways would be zero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vox energy and climate reporter David Roberts \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/9/11/17844896/california-jerry-brown-carbon-neutral-2045-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">called\u003c/a> Brown’s announcement “surprising, strange, and stunning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is it doable? KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Sally Benson, co-director of Stanford’s Precourt Institute for Energy, to find out. The following is edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The governor called for California to be carbon neutral by 2015. What does that mean? No plastic cups, no disposable diapers? Will I be able to use paper towels?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benson:\u003c/strong> Well, if we make them exactly like we do today, the answer would probably be no. We have to find completely different ways to make a lot of the products we use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastics, for instance, come from petrochemicals — oil and gas. In the future we’re going to need to find new ways to do that. We might use \u003ca href=\"https://www.corbion.com/media/550170/corbion_whitepaper_feedstock_sourcing_11.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">biological feedstocks\u003c/a>. We have some other ideas about sophisticated chemistry that takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, together with water and 100 percent clean energy, and synthesizes plastics. That’s a long way from now, but the seeds of those innovations are actually here today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931512/climate-summit-what-happened-and-what-it-means\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Summit: What Happened and What Does It Mean?\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>But this has to apply to the whole economy, right? I mean, if we’re talking about taking emissions out of driving, that sounds like doing away with the combustion engine.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benson:\u003c/strong> Well, exactly. So the strategy will be to electrify everything you can. And then the next thing is to address all those emissions you can’t get rid of, things like making cement and airline travel, where it’s hard to find substitutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those, we need to think about capturing the carbon dioxide that’s emitted, then sequestering it in underground formations like oil and gas reservoirs, which California’s got a lot of. We can also plant more forests and change our agricultural practices to store more carbon in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re talking about sweeping changes across the entire landscape of how we use energy today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Just between you and me, is this realistic?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Benson: \u003c/strong>Well, I would say it’s aspirational. And also realistic. You know 100 percent is really hard, and we’re going to have to make major technological changes in order to achieve this. And no doubt, if California’s successful, we will be on the leading or perhaps bleeding edge of those kind of new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next",
"headTitle": "Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.[contextly_sidebar id=”7hZ0uH2A1fCX3JloyuehbESNhhtXdF8s”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After putting the eight-legged sea creatures in beakers filled with dissolved ecstasy, scientists learned that the octopuses, known for their anti-social behavior, become more touchy-feely. This reaction suggests an evolutionary link between humans and octopuses through their social behavior, the scientists said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reported their findings Thursday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)30991-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current Biology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopus intelligence rivals many mammals, and octopuses are the most behaviorally advanced invertebrates. Octopuses can complete mazes and escape from aquariums, but scientists previously believed that these cephalopods lack the social behaviors that often come in species with greater smarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new study shows octopuses can exhibit similar social behaviors as humans with a little push from ecstasy, despite drastic differences in their brains. If combined in the future with gene sequencing, the research may reveal the evolution of social behavior across species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans and octopuses diverged evolutionarily 500 million years ago, and a lot has changed since. Besides the obvious additional limbs, or tentacles, lack of spine and affinity for water, octopuses have vastly different central nervous systems compared to humans. For one, octopuses grow most their nerve cells (neurons) in their arms, and as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-mind-of-an-octopus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can taste and touch things without their brains being involved\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 2015, marine biologist Eric Edsinger \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-discovered a surprising genetic connection\u003c/a> between octopuses and humans. Genetic sequencing revealed that octopuses and humans share a nearly identical serotonin transporter, a protein that moves the chemical messenger serotonin between neurons.[contextly_sidebar id=”qXdxbMfD69G3GbyEpMAhFkiOzPSIvrr5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serotonin transporters also mediate the psychological changes associated with taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were interested in the serotonin transporter because we knew that [it was] the principle binding site of MDMA,” said Gul Dolen, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who co-authored today’s study with Edsinger. “If we focused in on the parts of the protein that are really important for serotonin binding, then the similarity [between humans and octopuses] was over 95 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931628\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1931628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-768x542.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-960x678.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-520x367.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two-spotted Octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, portrait at Sea of Cortez, Baja California Mexico. \u003ccite>(Luis Javier Sandoval/VW Pics/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dolen and Edsinger, who works at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, designed a simple experiment. They gathered nine octopuses of the species Octopus bimaculoides, exposed four of the invertebrates to MDMA and watched if they became more social. They compared the behaviors of these drugged subjects to five sober octopuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wild, Octopus bimaculoides is only friendly for brief periods of time while mating. Unlike humans, lab mice and other mammals, octopuses lack a nucleus accumbens, any folded cortex whatsoever and reward circuits — parts of the brain associated with behavioral changes from drug use.[contextly_sidebar id=”gfwEw7FHGMXhH7MiIJ2VG7jW8rLqVHas”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molly seemed to change their behavior during testing. When a tripped-out octopus interacted with its caged counterpart, its caresses appeared to be more exploratory rather than aggressive. This observation mirrors the human behavior of becoming more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ecstasy.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social and touchy-feely\u003c/a> after taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cephalopods’ unexpected reactions to the drug shocked scientists, who didn’t expect such a shift in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found it incredibly fascinating. It fits in very nicely with a growing idea that there are lots of genetic mechanisms for social behaviors that are conserved across the animal kingdom,” said Robert Meisel, a neuroscientist at the University of Minnesota who was not involved with the study. “You will have animals that tend to live in isolation, and by something so simple as altering a chemical in the nervous system, you can change the behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After putting the eight-legged sea creatures in beakers filled with dissolved ecstasy, scientists learned that the octopuses, known for their anti-social behavior, become more touchy-feely. This reaction suggests an evolutionary link between humans and octopuses through their social behavior, the scientists said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reported their findings Thursday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)30991-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current Biology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopus intelligence rivals many mammals, and octopuses are the most behaviorally advanced invertebrates. Octopuses can complete mazes and escape from aquariums, but scientists previously believed that these cephalopods lack the social behaviors that often come in species with greater smarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new study shows octopuses can exhibit similar social behaviors as humans with a little push from ecstasy, despite drastic differences in their brains. If combined in the future with gene sequencing, the research may reveal the evolution of social behavior across species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans and octopuses diverged evolutionarily 500 million years ago, and a lot has changed since. Besides the obvious additional limbs, or tentacles, lack of spine and affinity for water, octopuses have vastly different central nervous systems compared to humans. For one, octopuses grow most their nerve cells (neurons) in their arms, and as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-mind-of-an-octopus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can taste and touch things without their brains being involved\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 2015, marine biologist Eric Edsinger \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-discovered a surprising genetic connection\u003c/a> between octopuses and humans. Genetic sequencing revealed that octopuses and humans share a nearly identical serotonin transporter, a protein that moves the chemical messenger serotonin between neurons.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serotonin transporters also mediate the psychological changes associated with taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were interested in the serotonin transporter because we knew that [it was] the principle binding site of MDMA,” said Gul Dolen, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who co-authored today’s study with Edsinger. “If we focused in on the parts of the protein that are really important for serotonin binding, then the similarity [between humans and octopuses] was over 95 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931628\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1931628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-768x542.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-960x678.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-520x367.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two-spotted Octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, portrait at Sea of Cortez, Baja California Mexico. \u003ccite>(Luis Javier Sandoval/VW Pics/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dolen and Edsinger, who works at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, designed a simple experiment. They gathered nine octopuses of the species Octopus bimaculoides, exposed four of the invertebrates to MDMA and watched if they became more social. They compared the behaviors of these drugged subjects to five sober octopuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wild, Octopus bimaculoides is only friendly for brief periods of time while mating. Unlike humans, lab mice and other mammals, octopuses lack a nucleus accumbens, any folded cortex whatsoever and reward circuits — parts of the brain associated with behavioral changes from drug use.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molly seemed to change their behavior during testing. When a tripped-out octopus interacted with its caged counterpart, its caresses appeared to be more exploratory rather than aggressive. This observation mirrors the human behavior of becoming more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ecstasy.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social and touchy-feely\u003c/a> after taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cephalopods’ unexpected reactions to the drug shocked scientists, who didn’t expect such a shift in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found it incredibly fascinating. It fits in very nicely with a growing idea that there are lots of genetic mechanisms for social behaviors that are conserved across the animal kingdom,” said Robert Meisel, a neuroscientist at the University of Minnesota who was not involved with the study. “You will have animals that tend to live in isolation, and by something so simple as altering a chemical in the nervous system, you can change the behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Residents in the city of Fremont face one less threat from a big earthquake today, with the opening of the new dam at the Calaveras Reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen years ago, engineers realized the 93-year-old dam could fail in a major earthquake, sending a gush of water onto nearly a quarter-million people living downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the reservoir, which sits near the Santa Clara-Alameda county line, has a new, 220-foot-high dam that can withstand a 7.2 magnitude earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1931603 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the new dam, KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Paul Rogers, managing editor at KQED Science and environmental writer at Mercury News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: Can you tell us why this dam needed to be done?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Rogers:\u003c/strong> Yeah, you know, this reservoir, Calaveras Reservoir, it kind of is hidden. It sits back in the hills behind I-680 in a rural area near the Alameda-Santa Clara County line, and it’s been there since 1925. About 15 years ago, state engineers realized it wasn’t really up to modern earthquake standards and that if a big quake happened on the Calaveras Fault, which literally runs right through the middle of the reservoir, it could break the dam and send a 30-foot-high wall of water into downtown Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: So when you decide to rebuild something like this, it strikes me as the kind of project that is a lot more involved than maybe you know at the outset. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely. It’s like buying an old house, and you start to go into the walls and you realize there’s dry rot and all sorts of problems there. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which owns this dam and the Hetch Hetchy System, they thought this project to replace the dam was going to be done three years ago. They thought it was going to cost $400 million. It’s ended up being three years late and costing $800 million, and it wasn’t really their fault. They found all of these ancient landslides and other just pieces of a geologic layer cake out there in the mountains when they started to dig away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1931602\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: So we’re talking about fossils? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Rogers:\u003c/strong> Well, there were all sorts of cool faults and things like that, which ended up being a problem for them, but there were also amazing fossils, like shark teeth from 50-foot-long megalodon sharks 20 million years ago that used to swim around here. They found 20 whale skulls. They found fossilized palm trees. All sorts of amazing stuff which is now up at the UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Can you put this dam rebuilding in the context of all that is happening in the San Francisco Bay Area to shore up the water supply system?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure. After the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, a lot of people were really worried that we had a pretty old water system in the Bay Area, and particularly the Hetch Hetchy System, which serves 2.7 million people in four counties, that a big quake like Loma Prieta could cut off water supply to large sections of the Bay Area for up to 60 days. So the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission went to the people in 2002. There was a vote. The voters agreed to triple their water bills, essentially, and do a $5 billion upgrade, that’s billion with a B, of the water system all throughout the Bay Area. They’ve done almost all of that work. It’s more than 80 projects. They built a tunnel under the Bay to move water, they’ve upgraded not wastewater, but regular drinking water treatment plants, all sorts of cool projects, and this Calaveras project is the biggest final piece of all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: So this sounds a little bit like going to the dentist. You don’t want to do it, it’s expensive, but you kind of know you have to do it. You have to push though it. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Rogers:\u003c/strong> Absolutely. You have to suffer, you have to pay the bill, and in this case, it means we’ll have a more reliable water supply for the next hundred years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Residents in the city of Fremont face one less threat from a big earthquake today, with the opening of the new dam at the Calaveras Reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen years ago, engineers realized the 93-year-old dam could fail in a major earthquake, sending a gush of water onto nearly a quarter-million people living downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the reservoir, which sits near the Santa Clara-Alameda county line, has a new, 220-foot-high dam that can withstand a 7.2 magnitude earthquake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1931603 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-674x1200.jpg 674w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CR_V01_180920-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on the new dam, KQED’s Brian Watt spoke with Paul Rogers, managing editor at KQED Science and environmental writer at Mercury News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian Watt: Can you tell us why this dam needed to be done?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Rogers:\u003c/strong> Yeah, you know, this reservoir, Calaveras Reservoir, it kind of is hidden. It sits back in the hills behind I-680 in a rural area near the Alameda-Santa Clara County line, and it’s been there since 1925. About 15 years ago, state engineers realized it wasn’t really up to modern earthquake standards and that if a big quake happened on the Calaveras Fault, which literally runs right through the middle of the reservoir, it could break the dam and send a 30-foot-high wall of water into downtown Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: So when you decide to rebuild something like this, it strikes me as the kind of project that is a lot more involved than maybe you know at the outset. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Absolutely. It’s like buying an old house, and you start to go into the walls and you realize there’s dry rot and all sorts of problems there. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, which owns this dam and the Hetch Hetchy System, they thought this project to replace the dam was going to be done three years ago. They thought it was going to cost $400 million. It’s ended up being three years late and costing $800 million, and it wasn’t really their fault. They found all of these ancient landslides and other just pieces of a geologic layer cake out there in the mountains when they started to dig away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-1931602\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/CD01-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: So we’re talking about fossils? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Rogers:\u003c/strong> Well, there were all sorts of cool faults and things like that, which ended up being a problem for them, but there were also amazing fossils, like shark teeth from 50-foot-long megalodon sharks 20 million years ago that used to swim around here. They found 20 whale skulls. They found fossilized palm trees. All sorts of amazing stuff which is now up at the UC Berkeley Museum of Paleontology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: Can you put this dam rebuilding in the context of all that is happening in the San Francisco Bay Area to shore up the water supply system?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure. After the 1989 Loma Prieta Earthquake, a lot of people were really worried that we had a pretty old water system in the Bay Area, and particularly the Hetch Hetchy System, which serves 2.7 million people in four counties, that a big quake like Loma Prieta could cut off water supply to large sections of the Bay Area for up to 60 days. So the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission went to the people in 2002. There was a vote. The voters agreed to triple their water bills, essentially, and do a $5 billion upgrade, that’s billion with a B, of the water system all throughout the Bay Area. They’ve done almost all of that work. It’s more than 80 projects. They built a tunnel under the Bay to move water, they’ve upgraded not wastewater, but regular drinking water treatment plants, all sorts of cool projects, and this Calaveras project is the biggest final piece of all that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Q: So this sounds a little bit like going to the dentist. You don’t want to do it, it’s expensive, but you kind of know you have to do it. You have to push though it. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Paul Rogers:\u003c/strong> Absolutely. You have to suffer, you have to pay the bill, and in this case, it means we’ll have a more reliable water supply for the next hundred years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>People who want straws with their drinks at California restaurants will have to ask for them under a new state law.[contextly_sidebar id=”iEek4fDVi4VVJwswE90PtTMGZCTkMapL”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law signed Thursday by Gov. Jerry Brown makes California the first state to bar full-service restaurants from automatically giving out single-use plastic straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes effect next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law doesn’t ban plastic straws outright like some cities have.\u003cbr>\nRestaurants that don’t comply will get two warnings before being fined up to $300 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will apply only to full-service restaurants, not fast food establishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers who support the law call it a small step toward reducing ocean pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists called it a great step in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"m-3793131304738352932gmail-p3\">\u003cspan class=\"m-3793131304738352932gmail-s1\">“Nothing we use for five minutes should end up polluting our environment for thousands of years,” said Dan Jacobson, Director Environment California. “The time to take action on this persistent problem is NOW.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics argue California’s new law is government overreach that won’t significantly improve the environment. Some say restricting straws hurts disabled people who rely on them.[contextly_sidebar id=”ePW4SKv9i7JxdrSpWRvEjMKKOENsBnwN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Republican Assemblywoman Melissa Melendez of Lake Elsinore said she doesn’t believe the move will reduce pollution but will punish restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"src-routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-___Post__post_Body___Bkfwv\">\n\u003cp>The restaurant industry doesn’t oppose the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-plastic-straw-limits-california-20180823-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has recorded roughly\u003c/a> 835,000 straws and stirrers picked up between 1988 and 2014 during beach cleanups.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"src-routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-___Post__post_Body___Bkfwv\">\n\u003cp>Plastic can take up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf\">500 years\u003c/a> to decompose and leaks toxins into the soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Amel Ahmed contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People who want straws with their drinks at California restaurants will have to ask for them under a new state law.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law signed Thursday by Gov. Jerry Brown makes California the first state to bar full-service restaurants from automatically giving out single-use plastic straws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes effect next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law doesn’t ban plastic straws outright like some cities have.\u003cbr>\nRestaurants that don’t comply will get two warnings before being fined up to $300 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will apply only to full-service restaurants, not fast food establishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic lawmakers who support the law call it a small step toward reducing ocean pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists called it a great step in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"m-3793131304738352932gmail-p3\">\u003cspan class=\"m-3793131304738352932gmail-s1\">“Nothing we use for five minutes should end up polluting our environment for thousands of years,” said Dan Jacobson, Director Environment California. “The time to take action on this persistent problem is NOW.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics argue California’s new law is government overreach that won’t significantly improve the environment. Some say restricting straws hurts disabled people who rely on them.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Republican Assemblywoman Melissa Melendez of Lake Elsinore said she doesn’t believe the move will reduce pollution but will punish restaurants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"src-routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-___Post__post_Body___Bkfwv\">\n\u003cp>The restaurant industry doesn’t oppose the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Coastal Commission \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-plastic-straw-limits-california-20180823-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has recorded roughly\u003c/a> 835,000 straws and stirrers picked up between 1988 and 2014 during beach cleanups.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"src-routes-Site-routes-Post-components-Post-___Post__post_Body___Bkfwv\">\n\u003cp>Plastic can take up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.des.nh.gov/organization/divisions/water/wmb/coastal/trash/documents/marine_debris.pdf\">500 years\u003c/a> to decompose and leaks toxins into the soil and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Amel Ahmed contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A staple of summer — swarms of bugs — seems to be a thing of the past. And that’s got scientists worried.[contextly_sidebar id=”YLtJOQexW1eUFGytcsxLq3t33TBgqDGv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesky mosquitoes, disease-carrying ticks, crop-munching aphids and cockroaches are doing just fine. But the more beneficial flying insects of summer — native bees, moths, butterflies, ladybugs, lovebugs, mayflies and fireflies — appear to be less abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists think something is amiss, but they can’t be certain: In the past, they didn’t systematically count the population of flying insects, so they can’t make a proper comparison to today. Nevertheless, they’re pretty sure across the globe there are fewer insects that are crucial to as much as 80 percent of what we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, some insects are pests. But they also pollinate plants, are a key link in the food chain and help decompose life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have total ecosystem collapse if you lose your insects. How much worse can it get than that?” said University of Delaware entomologist Doug Tallamy. If they disappeared, “the world would start to rot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted Harvard biologist E.O. Wilson once \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/timbillo/Readings%20and%20documents/ABRIDGED%20READINGS%20for%20PERU/Wilson_1987_Little_things_that_run.pdf\">called\u003c/a> bugs: “The little things that run the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 89-year-old Wilson recalled that he once frolicked in a “Washington alive with insects, especially butterflies.” Now, “the flying insects are virtually gone.”[contextly_sidebar id=”LSRgkXpBDpPe50NnXtdj5Xd0619N8RGS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hit home last year when he drove from suburban Boston to Vermont and decided to count how many bugs hit his windshield. The result: A single moth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Windshield Test \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The un-scientific experiment is called the windshield test. Wilson recommends everyday people do it themselves to see. Baby Boomers will probably notice the difference, Tallamy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several scientists have conducted their own tests with windshields, car grilles and headlights, and most notice few squashed bugs. Researchers are quick to point out that such exercises aren’t good scientific experiments, since they don’t include control groups or make comparisons with past results. (Today’s cars also are more aerodynamic, so bugs are more likely to slip past them and live to buzz about it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"DFPSlot\">\n\u003cp>Still, there are signs of decline. Research has shown dwindling individual species in specific places, including lightning bugs, moths and bumblebees. One \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6047-2_10\">study\u003c/a>estimated a 14 percent decline in ladybugs in the United States and Canada from 1987 to 2006. University of Florida urban entomologist Philip Koehler said he’s seen a recent decrease in lovebugs — insects that fly connected and coated Florida’s windshields in the 1970s and 1980s. This year, he said, “was kind of disappointing, I thought.”[contextly_sidebar id=”CzcPMRuNuWgdNE0HSt5GPGJd8zg4vFrL”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Nevada, Reno, researcher Lee Dyer and his colleagues have been looking at insects at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica since 1991. There’s a big insect trap sheet under black light that decades ago would be covered with bugs. Now, “there’s no insects on that sheet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s not much research looking at all flying insects in big areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Evidence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/href=%22http:/journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185809&_ga=2.266632718.1476661257.1527292800-1633289002.1527292800\">study\u003c/a> that found an 82 percent mid-summer decline in the number and weight of bugs captured in traps in 63 nature preserves in Germany compared with 27 years earlier. It was one of the few, if only, broad studies. Scientists say similar comparisons can’t be done elsewhere, because similar bug counts weren’t done decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know how much we’re losing if we don’t know how much we have,” said University of Hawaii entomologist Helen Spafford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of older data makes it “unclear to what degree we’re experiencing an arthropocalypse,” said University of Illinois entomologist May Berenbaum. Individual studies aren’t convincing in themselves, “but the sheer accumulated weight of evidence seems to be shifting” to show a problem, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the German study, countries started asking if they have similar problems, said ecologist Toke Thomas Hoye of Aarhus University in Denmark. He studied flies in a few spots in remote Greenland and \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ecog.02747\">noticed\u003c/a> an 80 percent drop in numbers since 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clearly not a German thing,” said University of Connecticut entomologist David Wagner, who has chronicled declines in moth populations in the northeastern United States. “We just need to find out how widespread the phenomenon is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Suspects \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scientists say lots of factors, not just one, caused the apparent decline in flying insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suspects include habitat loss, insecticide use, the killing of native weeds, single-crop agriculture, invasive species, light pollution, highway traffic and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s death by a thousand cuts, and that’s really bad news,” Wagner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Tallamy, two causes stand out: Humans’ war on weeds and vast farmland planted with the same few crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeds and native plants are what bugs eat and where they live, Tallamy said. Milkweeds, crucial to the beautiful monarch butterfly, are dwindling fast. Manicured lawns in the United States are so prevalent that, added together, they are as big as New England, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those landscapes are “essentially dead zones,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Light pollution is another big problem for species such as moths and fireflies, bug experts said. Insects are attracted to brightness, where they become easy prey and expend energy they should be using to get food, Tallamy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse Barber of Boise State is in the middle of a study of fireflies and other insects at Grand Teton National Park. He said he notices a distinct connection between light pollution and dwindling populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hitting insects during the day, we’re hitting them at night,” Tallamy said. “We’re hitting them just about everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawns, light pollution and bug-massacring highway traffic are associated where people congregate. But Danish scientist Hoye found a noticeable drop in muscid flies in Greenland 300 miles (500 kilometers) from civilization. His studies linked declines to warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other scientists say human-caused climate change may play a role, albeit small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments are trying to improve the situation. Maryland is in a three-year experiment to see if planting bee-friendly native wildflowers helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Maryland entomology researcher Lisa Kuder says the usual close-crop “turf is basically like a desert” that doesn’t attract flying insects. She found an improvement — 70 different species and records for bees — in the areas where flowers are allowed to grow wild and natural alongside roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is that it is so close to roadways that Tallamy fears that the plants become “ecological traps where you’re drawing insects in and they’re all squashed by cars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Tallamy remains hopeful. In 2000, he moved into this rural area between Philadelphia and Baltimore and made his 10-acre patch all native plants, creating a playground for bugs. Now he has 861 species of moths and 54 species of breeding birds that feed on insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagner, of the University of Connecticut, spends his summers teaching middle schoolers in a camp to look for insects, like he did decades ago. They have a hard time finding the cocoons he used to see regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids I’m teaching right now are going to think that scarce insects are the rule,” Wagner said. “They’re not realizing that there could be an ecological disaster on the horizon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press video journalist Federica Narancio contributed to this report. Follow Seth Borenstein on Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/borenbears\">@borenbears\u003c/a> . His work can be found \u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/sethap\">here\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists are noticing fewer flying insects that aren't really pests, like moths and butterflies. A variety of reasons are suspected but they all lead back to what humans are doing do the environment.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A staple of summer — swarms of bugs — seems to be a thing of the past. And that’s got scientists worried.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pesky mosquitoes, disease-carrying ticks, crop-munching aphids and cockroaches are doing just fine. But the more beneficial flying insects of summer — native bees, moths, butterflies, ladybugs, lovebugs, mayflies and fireflies — appear to be less abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists think something is amiss, but they can’t be certain: In the past, they didn’t systematically count the population of flying insects, so they can’t make a proper comparison to today. Nevertheless, they’re pretty sure across the globe there are fewer insects that are crucial to as much as 80 percent of what we eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, some insects are pests. But they also pollinate plants, are a key link in the food chain and help decompose life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have total ecosystem collapse if you lose your insects. How much worse can it get than that?” said University of Delaware entomologist Doug Tallamy. If they disappeared, “the world would start to rot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted Harvard biologist E.O. Wilson once \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.washington.edu/timbillo/Readings%20and%20documents/ABRIDGED%20READINGS%20for%20PERU/Wilson_1987_Little_things_that_run.pdf\">called\u003c/a> bugs: “The little things that run the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 89-year-old Wilson recalled that he once frolicked in a “Washington alive with insects, especially butterflies.” Now, “the flying insects are virtually gone.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It hit home last year when he drove from suburban Boston to Vermont and decided to count how many bugs hit his windshield. The result: A single moth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Windshield Test \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The un-scientific experiment is called the windshield test. Wilson recommends everyday people do it themselves to see. Baby Boomers will probably notice the difference, Tallamy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several scientists have conducted their own tests with windshields, car grilles and headlights, and most notice few squashed bugs. Researchers are quick to point out that such exercises aren’t good scientific experiments, since they don’t include control groups or make comparisons with past results. (Today’s cars also are more aerodynamic, so bugs are more likely to slip past them and live to buzz about it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"div-gpt-ad-1470255291270-1\" class=\"DFPSlot\">\n\u003cp>Still, there are signs of decline. Research has shown dwindling individual species in specific places, including lightning bugs, moths and bumblebees. One \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-1-4020-6047-2_10\">study\u003c/a>estimated a 14 percent decline in ladybugs in the United States and Canada from 1987 to 2006. University of Florida urban entomologist Philip Koehler said he’s seen a recent decrease in lovebugs — insects that fly connected and coated Florida’s windshields in the 1970s and 1980s. This year, he said, “was kind of disappointing, I thought.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Nevada, Reno, researcher Lee Dyer and his colleagues have been looking at insects at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica since 1991. There’s a big insect trap sheet under black light that decades ago would be covered with bugs. Now, “there’s no insects on that sheet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s not much research looking at all flying insects in big areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Evidence\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/href=%22http:/journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0185809&_ga=2.266632718.1476661257.1527292800-1633289002.1527292800\">study\u003c/a> that found an 82 percent mid-summer decline in the number and weight of bugs captured in traps in 63 nature preserves in Germany compared with 27 years earlier. It was one of the few, if only, broad studies. Scientists say similar comparisons can’t be done elsewhere, because similar bug counts weren’t done decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know how much we’re losing if we don’t know how much we have,” said University of Hawaii entomologist Helen Spafford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lack of older data makes it “unclear to what degree we’re experiencing an arthropocalypse,” said University of Illinois entomologist May Berenbaum. Individual studies aren’t convincing in themselves, “but the sheer accumulated weight of evidence seems to be shifting” to show a problem, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the German study, countries started asking if they have similar problems, said ecologist Toke Thomas Hoye of Aarhus University in Denmark. He studied flies in a few spots in remote Greenland and \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ecog.02747\">noticed\u003c/a> an 80 percent drop in numbers since 1996.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clearly not a German thing,” said University of Connecticut entomologist David Wagner, who has chronicled declines in moth populations in the northeastern United States. “We just need to find out how widespread the phenomenon is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Suspects \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scientists say lots of factors, not just one, caused the apparent decline in flying insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suspects include habitat loss, insecticide use, the killing of native weeds, single-crop agriculture, invasive species, light pollution, highway traffic and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s death by a thousand cuts, and that’s really bad news,” Wagner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Tallamy, two causes stand out: Humans’ war on weeds and vast farmland planted with the same few crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeds and native plants are what bugs eat and where they live, Tallamy said. Milkweeds, crucial to the beautiful monarch butterfly, are dwindling fast. Manicured lawns in the United States are so prevalent that, added together, they are as big as New England, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those landscapes are “essentially dead zones,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Light pollution is another big problem for species such as moths and fireflies, bug experts said. Insects are attracted to brightness, where they become easy prey and expend energy they should be using to get food, Tallamy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jesse Barber of Boise State is in the middle of a study of fireflies and other insects at Grand Teton National Park. He said he notices a distinct connection between light pollution and dwindling populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hitting insects during the day, we’re hitting them at night,” Tallamy said. “We’re hitting them just about everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawns, light pollution and bug-massacring highway traffic are associated where people congregate. But Danish scientist Hoye found a noticeable drop in muscid flies in Greenland 300 miles (500 kilometers) from civilization. His studies linked declines to warmer temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other scientists say human-caused climate change may play a role, albeit small.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governments are trying to improve the situation. Maryland is in a three-year experiment to see if planting bee-friendly native wildflowers helps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University of Maryland entomology researcher Lisa Kuder says the usual close-crop “turf is basically like a desert” that doesn’t attract flying insects. She found an improvement — 70 different species and records for bees — in the areas where flowers are allowed to grow wild and natural alongside roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is that it is so close to roadways that Tallamy fears that the plants become “ecological traps where you’re drawing insects in and they’re all squashed by cars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Tallamy remains hopeful. In 2000, he moved into this rural area between Philadelphia and Baltimore and made his 10-acre patch all native plants, creating a playground for bugs. Now he has 861 species of moths and 54 species of breeding birds that feed on insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagner, of the University of Connecticut, spends his summers teaching middle schoolers in a camp to look for insects, like he did decades ago. They have a hard time finding the cocoons he used to see regularly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The kids I’m teaching right now are going to think that scarce insects are the rule,” Wagner said. “They’re not realizing that there could be an ecological disaster on the horizon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press video journalist Federica Narancio contributed to this report. Follow Seth Borenstein on Twitter: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/borenbears\">@borenbears\u003c/a> . His work can be found \u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/sethap\">here\u003c/a> .\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California’s Plan to Store Water Underground Could Risk Contamination",
"headTitle": "California’s Plan to Store Water Underground Could Risk Contamination | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As California begins handing out $2.5 billion in state funds for several new \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927929/bay-area-water-supply-gets-billion-dollar-boost\">water management projects\u003c/a>, a shift is taking place in the ways officials are considering storing water. To contend with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y\">likelihood of future extreme droughts\u003c/a>, some of these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927711/the-great-era-of-california-dam-building-may-be-over-heres-whats-next\">new strategies\u003c/a> rely on underground aquifers — an approach far removed from traditional dam-based water storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While diversifying the toolbelt of water management strategies will likely help insulate the state against loss, a group of researchers at Stanford University are drawing attention to a risk they say has long ridden under the radar of public consciousness: the introduction of dangerous chemicals into California groundwater, both through industrial and natural pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chromium in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chromium exists naturally in two main forms that are dependent on the local chemistry of the soils. One — chromium-3 \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/chromium-compounds.pdf\">(Cr-3)\u003c/a> — is benign, and in fact can be beneficial in the body. But chromium-6 (Cr-6) is toxic, linked by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration with\u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hexavalentchromium/healtheffects.html\"> health issues \u003c/a>including asthma-like symptoms, irritation of the nose, throat, eyes or skin, and in extreme cases lung cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b06627\">New research\u003c/a> draws from a growing database of groundwater data to map the elemental metal chromium in wells across the state. Researchers included wells used by government agencies to monitor pollution and the progress of cleaning projects, in addition to wells used for drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it occurs naturally, it can also enter the ground through human activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People know we have industrial contamination,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/scott-fendorf\">Scott Fendorf\u003c/a> a Stanford soil chemist and co-author on the study. “That is clear within the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fendorf points to the work of activists who are fighting against industrial pollution, as Erin Brockovich did in her 1993 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/science-jan-june13-hinkley_03-13\">court case\u003c/a> against Pacific Gas & Electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just not the only threat to groundwater. If you’re thinking larger, the natural contaminants are really widespread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is particularly true in California, Fendorf says, where the geology is rich in chromium-carrying rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927929/bay-area-water-supply-gets-billion-dollar-boost\">Also from KQED: These Bay Area Water Projects Got $1 Billion in Funding\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where is it All Coming From?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fendorf and his collaborators found that all of the almost 16,000 wells they analyzed — spread throughout the majority of the state — showed Cr-6 present in low trace amounts. However, a smaller subset of wells, including 26 percent of monitoring wells and 7 percent of supply wells, had levels high enough to exceed a previous state-mandated maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 parts per billion (ppb).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to mapping chromium exposure throughout California, researchers wanted to identify the sources. By looking at other compounds found alongside Cr-6, they were able to identify three possible points of contamination: industry, agriculture, and natural input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Industries such as metal plating were linked to high Cr-6 levels in the areas outside of Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay. Los Angeles is the largest manufacturing center in the United States, and San Francisco’s proximity to Silicon Valley drives much of its industrial growth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the more rural Central Valley, researchers found that chromium was being introduced into the groundwater through agricultural practices. The heavy use of fertilizers meant that chromium was often found alongside nitrogen-based compounds which provide nutrients for crops.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But parts of the Central Valley also pointed to a different source, one that researchers highlighted in their study: the presence of natural chromium in the land itself and its ability to shift from benign to toxic over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Within the rocks, chromium is found in areas where oceanic and continental plates come together, as in California where the Pacific plate and North American Plate meet along the San Andreas Fault. Serpentinite is a common rock found in these zones, to which chromium lends a distinctive green color.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1930018 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chromium is responsible for the vivid green color of serpentinite rocks, which are common in California due to its geology. The oceanic Pacific plate and continental North American Plate meet along the San Andreas Fault, which runs the length of the state. \u003ccite>(Ian Newman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural sources explained the chromium concentrations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, which are close to natural outcroppings of serpentinite. It also explained how more isolated areas such as the Mojave could have elevated chromium levels despite being far from sources of industrial pollution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Fendorf, humans have the capability to aggravate these natural processes through their activities. The intentional use of chemicals to clean up toxic industrial contamination in the soil (called \u003ca href=\"https://clu-in.org/download/Citizens/a_citizens_guide_to_in_situ_chemical_oxidation.pdf\">in-situ chemical oxidation\u003c/a>), for example, can have the unintended consequence of turning the relatively harmless form (Cr-3) into the more dangerous from (Cr-6).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another culprit, he says, is the overdrawing of water from the underlying aquifer, often for agricultural use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water table is made of many stacked layers, alternating between sections of loose, wet gravel and sand and tightly-packed layers of fine clay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The clay acts as a sponge with all this naturally chromium-rich dirty water in it,” says Fendorf, “And when you start overdrawing, you put pressure on the clays and start pushing dirty water into the main water that you’re pumping out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much is Too Much?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ultimately, Fendorf’s work shows that industry and agriculture are responsible for the most concentrated sources of chromium contamination. However, the effects of natural chromium impact a much larger area of California and a greater proportion of the drinking water supply.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the fact that chromium is present throughout California, federal and state agencies are still scrambling to decide on an acceptable minimum level.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our agency was formed for that purpose, to protect the groundwater basin that is so important. It has always been our top priority.’\u003ccite>Steve Bigley, Coachella Valley Water District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While the EPA is tasked with setting federal MCLs, the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in drinking water, California has historically set many of its own thresholds with respect to environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, California set the state MCL for Cr-6 in drinking water at 10 ppb due to the perceived risks of exposure. However, in September 2017 this threshold was suspended by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">court ruling\u003c/a> for failing to consider the cost to agencies and industries attempting to comply with the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations/chromium-drinking-water\">federal\u003c/a> MCL (100 ppb) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">state\u003c/a> MCL (50 ppb) are at odds, with both entities working to establish new guidelines based on updated regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pilot Project Hints at Cleaner Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fortunately, there are promising methods for treating toxic chromium contamination on the horizon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-bigley-21268820/\">Steve Bigley\u003c/a> is the Director for the Environmental Services department at the Coachella Valley Water District, a \u003ca href=\"http://ca-coachellavwd.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/View/57/District-Boundary-Map-PDF?bidId=\">district\u003c/a> whose boundaries are split down the middle by the San Andreas Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so much naturally-occurring chromium ground up into the sands along the fault, management officials here have had to grapple with the Cr-6 issue for decades. As many as a third of their drinking water supply wells, all of which are pulling from local groundwater sources, were found to exceed the 10 ppb limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the state rescinded its MCL in 2014, Bigley and his team had already begun a project to install costly treatment facilities to remove Cr-6 and remain compliant with the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qIU4OS2tKFSePD3YiQXBCQLOws3w3Xq5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the regulations currently under review, Bigley says they were able to table such expensive projects and experiment with promising new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district recently completed a full-scale \u003ca href=\"http://www.cvwd.org/383/Stannous-Chloride-Demonstration-Project\">pilot project\u003c/a> to reduce Cr-6 to the relatively harmless Cr-3 using stannous chloride, an approved drinking water and food additive. They were able to quickly deploy inexpensive, easy-to-operate equipment capable of treating an entire water system over the course of two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The benefits go so far beyond cost,” Bigley says. “It is much more environmentally friendly because it has a much smaller footprint and doesn’t produce the toxic wastes that come with conventional treatment technologies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Eyes a New MCL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the broader state level, water management agencies are taking notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrin Polhemus is the Deputy Director of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Water Quality, and he has made Cr-6 assessments priority number one for his department in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the removal of the previous regulations, they are now working with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment\u003c/a> to establish a new MCL which balances a suggested \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/chemicals/phg/cr6phg072911.pdf\">Public Health Goal\u003c/a> of 50 ppb against the economic cost inherent in treating affected drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not just trying to plug the hole that a judge found in our previous regulations,” he said. “We want to do a thorough job from scratch to incorporate new technology and research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to stannous chloride as one of several advances that have lowered the cost of treatment since the last round of research a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/chemicals/phg/cr6phg072911.pdf\">decade ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board expects to have a draft of their recommendation ready for public comment in the summer of 2019 and a final MCL established six to nine months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California's unique geology may be putting state residents at risk from a natural but occasionally toxic element.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As California begins handing out $2.5 billion in state funds for several new \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927929/bay-area-water-supply-gets-billion-dollar-boost\">water management projects\u003c/a>, a shift is taking place in the ways officials are considering storing water. To contend with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-018-0140-y\">likelihood of future extreme droughts\u003c/a>, some of these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927711/the-great-era-of-california-dam-building-may-be-over-heres-whats-next\">new strategies\u003c/a> rely on underground aquifers — an approach far removed from traditional dam-based water storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While diversifying the toolbelt of water management strategies will likely help insulate the state against loss, a group of researchers at Stanford University are drawing attention to a risk they say has long ridden under the radar of public consciousness: the introduction of dangerous chemicals into California groundwater, both through industrial and natural pathways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Chromium in California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chromium exists naturally in two main forms that are dependent on the local chemistry of the soils. One — chromium-3 \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-09/documents/chromium-compounds.pdf\">(Cr-3)\u003c/a> — is benign, and in fact can be beneficial in the body. But chromium-6 (Cr-6) is toxic, linked by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration with\u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/hexavalentchromium/healtheffects.html\"> health issues \u003c/a>including asthma-like symptoms, irritation of the nose, throat, eyes or skin, and in extreme cases lung cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.7b06627\">New research\u003c/a> draws from a growing database of groundwater data to map the elemental metal chromium in wells across the state. Researchers included wells used by government agencies to monitor pollution and the progress of cleaning projects, in addition to wells used for drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it occurs naturally, it can also enter the ground through human activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People know we have industrial contamination,” says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/scott-fendorf\">Scott Fendorf\u003c/a> a Stanford soil chemist and co-author on the study. “That is clear within the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fendorf points to the work of activists who are fighting against industrial pollution, as Erin Brockovich did in her 1993 \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/science/science-jan-june13-hinkley_03-13\">court case\u003c/a> against Pacific Gas & Electric.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s just not the only threat to groundwater. If you’re thinking larger, the natural contaminants are really widespread.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is particularly true in California, Fendorf says, where the geology is rich in chromium-carrying rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927929/bay-area-water-supply-gets-billion-dollar-boost\">Also from KQED: These Bay Area Water Projects Got $1 Billion in Funding\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where is it All Coming From?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fendorf and his collaborators found that all of the almost 16,000 wells they analyzed — spread throughout the majority of the state — showed Cr-6 present in low trace amounts. However, a smaller subset of wells, including 26 percent of monitoring wells and 7 percent of supply wells, had levels high enough to exceed a previous state-mandated maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 parts per billion (ppb).\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to mapping chromium exposure throughout California, researchers wanted to identify the sources. By looking at other compounds found alongside Cr-6, they were able to identify three possible points of contamination: industry, agriculture, and natural input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Industries such as metal plating were linked to high Cr-6 levels in the areas outside of Los Angeles and the San Francisco Bay. Los Angeles is the largest manufacturing center in the United States, and San Francisco’s proximity to Silicon Valley drives much of its industrial growth. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the more rural Central Valley, researchers found that chromium was being introduced into the groundwater through agricultural practices. The heavy use of fertilizers meant that chromium was often found alongside nitrogen-based compounds which provide nutrients for crops.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But parts of the Central Valley also pointed to a different source, one that researchers highlighted in their study: the presence of natural chromium in the land itself and its ability to shift from benign to toxic over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Within the rocks, chromium is found in areas where oceanic and continental plates come together, as in California where the Pacific plate and North American Plate meet along the San Andreas Fault. Serpentinite is a common rock found in these zones, to which chromium lends a distinctive green color.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1930018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1930018 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/BC-Serpentinite.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chromium is responsible for the vivid green color of serpentinite rocks, which are common in California due to its geology. The oceanic Pacific plate and continental North American Plate meet along the San Andreas Fault, which runs the length of the state. \u003ccite>(Ian Newman)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Natural sources explained the chromium concentrations in the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, which are close to natural outcroppings of serpentinite. It also explained how more isolated areas such as the Mojave could have elevated chromium levels despite being far from sources of industrial pollution.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Fendorf, humans have the capability to aggravate these natural processes through their activities. The intentional use of chemicals to clean up toxic industrial contamination in the soil (called \u003ca href=\"https://clu-in.org/download/Citizens/a_citizens_guide_to_in_situ_chemical_oxidation.pdf\">in-situ chemical oxidation\u003c/a>), for example, can have the unintended consequence of turning the relatively harmless form (Cr-3) into the more dangerous from (Cr-6).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another culprit, he says, is the overdrawing of water from the underlying aquifer, often for agricultural use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water table is made of many stacked layers, alternating between sections of loose, wet gravel and sand and tightly-packed layers of fine clay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The clay acts as a sponge with all this naturally chromium-rich dirty water in it,” says Fendorf, “And when you start overdrawing, you put pressure on the clays and start pushing dirty water into the main water that you’re pumping out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Much is Too Much?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ultimately, Fendorf’s work shows that industry and agriculture are responsible for the most concentrated sources of chromium contamination. However, the effects of natural chromium impact a much larger area of California and a greater proportion of the drinking water supply.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the fact that chromium is present throughout California, federal and state agencies are still scrambling to decide on an acceptable minimum level.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our agency was formed for that purpose, to protect the groundwater basin that is so important. It has always been our top priority.’\u003ccite>Steve Bigley, Coachella Valley Water District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>While the EPA is tasked with setting federal MCLs, the maximum permissible level of a contaminant in drinking water, California has historically set many of its own thresholds with respect to environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, California set the state MCL for Cr-6 in drinking water at 10 ppb due to the perceived risks of exposure. However, in September 2017 this threshold was suspended by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">court ruling\u003c/a> for failing to consider the cost to agencies and industries attempting to comply with the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/dwstandardsregulations/chromium-drinking-water\">federal\u003c/a> MCL (100 ppb) and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">state\u003c/a> MCL (50 ppb) are at odds, with both entities working to establish new guidelines based on updated regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pilot Project Hints at Cleaner Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fortunately, there are promising methods for treating toxic chromium contamination on the horizon.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/steve-bigley-21268820/\">Steve Bigley\u003c/a> is the Director for the Environmental Services department at the Coachella Valley Water District, a \u003ca href=\"http://ca-coachellavwd.civicplus.com/DocumentCenter/View/57/District-Boundary-Map-PDF?bidId=\">district\u003c/a> whose boundaries are split down the middle by the San Andreas Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so much naturally-occurring chromium ground up into the sands along the fault, management officials here have had to grapple with the Cr-6 issue for decades. As many as a third of their drinking water supply wells, all of which are pulling from local groundwater sources, were found to exceed the 10 ppb limit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the state rescinded its MCL in 2014, Bigley and his team had already begun a project to install costly treatment facilities to remove Cr-6 and remain compliant with the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the regulations currently under review, Bigley says they were able to table such expensive projects and experiment with promising new technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water district recently completed a full-scale \u003ca href=\"http://www.cvwd.org/383/Stannous-Chloride-Demonstration-Project\">pilot project\u003c/a> to reduce Cr-6 to the relatively harmless Cr-3 using stannous chloride, an approved drinking water and food additive. They were able to quickly deploy inexpensive, easy-to-operate equipment capable of treating an entire water system over the course of two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The benefits go so far beyond cost,” Bigley says. “It is much more environmentally friendly because it has a much smaller footprint and doesn’t produce the toxic wastes that come with conventional treatment technologies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Eyes a New MCL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the broader state level, water management agencies are taking notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrin Polhemus is the Deputy Director of the California State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Water Quality, and he has made Cr-6 assessments priority number one for his department in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the removal of the previous regulations, they are now working with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/Chromium6.html\">Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment\u003c/a> to establish a new MCL which balances a suggested \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/chemicals/phg/cr6phg072911.pdf\">Public Health Goal\u003c/a> of 50 ppb against the economic cost inherent in treating affected drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not just trying to plug the hole that a judge found in our previous regulations,” he said. “We want to do a thorough job from scratch to incorporate new technology and research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He points to stannous chloride as one of several advances that have lowered the cost of treatment since the last round of research a \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/media/downloads/water/chemicals/phg/cr6phg072911.pdf\">decade ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Water Resources Control Board expects to have a draft of their recommendation ready for public comment in the summer of 2019 and a final MCL established six to nine months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration is \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/Final%20Rule%20-1004-AE53%20-%20%20Ready%20for%20OFR%209.18.18_508%20%281%29.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposing\u003c/a> to roll back another Obama-era energy regulation, this time one that aimed to curb methane leaks from oil and gas operations on tribal and public lands.[contextly_sidebar id=”wYJiHjg8DpGkOB72kvNLqXy3sCIDV7tW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas, even more potent than carbon dioxide in the short term, that contributes to climate change. The Obama administration said that large amounts of methane are lost into the atmosphere through through leaks, as well as intentional venting and flaring at energy production sites. It moved to \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/uploads/methane_waste_prevention_rule_factsheet_final.pdf\">limit \u003c/a>that by requiring oil and gas companies to capture leaking and vented methane at existing sites, to gradually update their technology and to make plans for monitoring escaping gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Government Accountability Office says as much as \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-275R\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$23 million of potential royalty revenue\u003c/a> from those gases is lost annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a statement, the Department of the Interior said that rule was “unnecessarily burdensome on the private sector.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The flawed 2016 rule was a radical assertion of legal authority that stood in stark contrast to the longstanding understanding of Interior’s own lawyers,” said Deputy Secretary David Bernhardt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration revised the rule after Congress\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526729339/inside-the-debate-over-repealing-curbs-on-methane-leaks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> failed to repeal\u003c/a> it outright last year. The proposal will be open to public comment for 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes a week after the Environmental Protection Agency eased its own protections on methane emissions. That proposal was aimed more at new oil and gas sites and would cut required inspections for leaks from every six months to once a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Petroleum Institute welcomed the latest rollback, noting in a statement that “methane emissions have plummeted 14 percent since 1990″ even as natural gas production has greatly expanded.[contextly_sidebar id=”A9KSO5S7kHUlB6r3ue697cqP7IVIAWXT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas producers say they already have an economic incentive to capture methane, because they can sell it. Several large oil and gas companies have also announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shell-emissions/shell-targets-lower-methane-emissions-from-oil-and-gas-operations-idUSKCN1LX0P8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new efforts\u003c/a> to limit the release of methane, to help rein in their carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups criticized the Trump administration rollback. “More methane waste will harm our air and water and have significant public health impacts,” said Jamie Williams, president of The Wilderness Society, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of state attorneys general also threatened a legal challenge, calling Interior’s proposal “a shocking abdication of the Secretary’s fundamental fiscal and environmental stewardship responsibilities over our public lands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane proposal is the latest in a series of moves meant to undercut President Obama’s signature moves to address climate change. This year President Trump has also announced proposals to ease carbon emissions limits for power plants, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598888447/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fuel economy standards\u003c/a> for cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Eases+Regulation+Of+Methane+Leaks+On+Public+Lands&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration revised the rule after Congress\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526729339/inside-the-debate-over-repealing-curbs-on-methane-leaks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> failed to repeal\u003c/a> it outright last year. The proposal will be open to public comment for 60 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes a week after the Environmental Protection Agency eased its own protections on methane emissions. That proposal was aimed more at new oil and gas sites and would cut required inspections for leaks from every six months to once a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Petroleum Institute welcomed the latest rollback, noting in a statement that “methane emissions have plummeted 14 percent since 1990″ even as natural gas production has greatly expanded.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas producers say they already have an economic incentive to capture methane, because they can sell it. Several large oil and gas companies have also announced \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-shell-emissions/shell-targets-lower-methane-emissions-from-oil-and-gas-operations-idUSKCN1LX0P8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new efforts\u003c/a> to limit the release of methane, to help rein in their carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups criticized the Trump administration rollback. “More methane waste will harm our air and water and have significant public health impacts,” said Jamie Williams, president of The Wilderness Society, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of state attorneys general also threatened a legal challenge, calling Interior’s proposal “a shocking abdication of the Secretary’s fundamental fiscal and environmental stewardship responsibilities over our public lands.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The methane proposal is the latest in a series of moves meant to undercut President Obama’s signature moves to address climate change. This year President Trump has also announced proposals to ease carbon emissions limits for power plants, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598888447/epa-moves-to-weaken-landmark-fuel-efficiency-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fuel economy standards\u003c/a> for cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Administration+Eases+Regulation+Of+Methane+Leaks+On+Public+Lands&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Poet and choreographer\u003ca href=\"http://www.aliveandwellproductions.org/\"> Annie Kahane\u003c/a> grew up swimming in rivers in Calistoga and Laytonville. In the midst of a very hot summer, a friend asked Annie to write a poem for a solstice party. As she began to reflect on the meaning of summer, Annie found herself challenged by her poetry. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is Annie Kahane’s Moment. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wanted to write something that would celebrate summertime. It was in the middle of the drought, and I was having a hard time celebrating summertime because all the creek beds were dry, and all the swimming holes that I grew up swimming in were low and you couldn’t go swimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you grow up in Northern California, it’s very temperate, the seasons are pretty mild. But even so, can you imagine living in a world where there was literally no change in what it felt like from December to July?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We frame memory in terms of a period of time when something occurred. We think about whether it was cold, if we were indoors, if we were laying in the sun. And so the idea that those things might be lost is what this poem is about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Celebrating the Solstice in Our Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cp>I believe in time as medicine,\u003cbr>\nin night settling her quiet blanket over an open question, rearranging the matter in an unresolved heart,\u003cbr>\nI believe in cycle of light to dark;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>in the way the season tastes at its center\u003cbr>\nand at its edge,\u003cbr>\nhow the light today reminds you of the light a year ago when the rose bush bloomed, your friend died\u003cbr>\nand you pledged to pay attention to each minute.\u003cbr>\nAnd whether you have done it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I believe in the crash of freezing rain\u003cbr>\nthat herds us indoors toward fire and warm lovers,\u003cbr>\nhow it feels when a whole neighborhood opens after the storm,\u003cbr>\nunveils pale skin, shoulder blades sharpened toward the air, wind flapping at a flimsy dress and the crisp definition of a crocus forming in the freshness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I believe in heat,\u003cbr>\nin sun,\u003cbr>\nin the dry pocket of time between what has been and what will be done; colors deep and flat,\u003cbr>\nthe yellow hills of California, that slowed speech\u003cbr>\nand something uninspired about urgency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I believe in the quickening that follows,\u003cbr>\nengine revved again for the cycle, leaves surging with potential\u003cbr>\nthat rises in the common buzz\u003cbr>\nand the busy people’s cheeks shine underneath wool hats,\u003cbr>\nhands working and progress zooming us back to the beginning of it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ‐ there is a lava catapulting toward this very airplane.\u003cbr>\nWe are flying through an ash cloud ‐\u003cbr>\nnot to mention the fifteen other rebellions the earth has staged since last summer, pounding on our clean, white doors, ignored and shouting\u003cbr>\nwhile we sit, sipping streamed television with our coca cola ‐\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>and I’m wondering\u003cbr>\nhow we forgot to save ourselves;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How, when there is so much time for so much else ‐\u003cbr>\nso many carefully orchestrated group photographs, Amazon deliveries and dry cleaning ‐ do we shake our heads in mild and detached horror,\u003cbr>\nexclaim and come together only for a moment when our town is on fire,\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cp>and still drive alone each day across the bay bridge, bemoan the traffic as if the two are unrelated,\u003cbr>\njust few thousand friendly half‐way harmonizers\u003cbr>\nblowing whistles from the comfort of the air conditioning\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>so I’m praying\u003cbr>\nfor the endurance of my favorite way of mapping time.\u003cbr>\nI’m praying that the grass does not dissolve out of the hills,\u003cbr>\nand that my someday daughter has a wild tree‐covered hill to climb, and that we do not arrange a future\u003cbr>\nwhere the history books have chapters for the 4th grade\u003cbr>\nabout what seasons were like.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> Poet and choreographer \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Annie Kahane founded the award-winning \u003ca href=\"http://www.aliveandwellproductions.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alive & Well Productions\u003c/a> in San Francisco. Becky Hoag recorded and produced Annie’s Moment.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Poet Annie Kahane contemplates memory and the meaning of summer in an era of global warming. \r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Poet and choreographer\u003ca href=\"http://www.aliveandwellproductions.org/\"> Annie Kahane\u003c/a> grew up swimming in rivers in Calistoga and Laytonville. In the midst of a very hot summer, a friend asked Annie to write a poem for a solstice party. As she began to reflect on the meaning of summer, Annie found herself challenged by her poetry. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is Annie Kahane’s Moment. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I wanted to write something that would celebrate summertime. It was in the middle of the drought, and I was having a hard time celebrating summertime because all the creek beds were dry, and all the swimming holes that I grew up swimming in were low and you couldn’t go swimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you grow up in Northern California, it’s very temperate, the seasons are pretty mild. But even so, can you imagine living in a world where there was literally no change in what it felt like from December to July?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We frame memory in terms of a period of time when something occurred. We think about whether it was cold, if we were indoors, if we were laying in the sun. And so the idea that those things might be lost is what this poem is about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Celebrating the Solstice in Our Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 1\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cp>I believe in time as medicine,\u003cbr>\nin night settling her quiet blanket over an open question, rearranging the matter in an unresolved heart,\u003cbr>\nI believe in cycle of light to dark;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>in the way the season tastes at its center\u003cbr>\nand at its edge,\u003cbr>\nhow the light today reminds you of the light a year ago when the rose bush bloomed, your friend died\u003cbr>\nand you pledged to pay attention to each minute.\u003cbr>\nAnd whether you have done it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I believe in the crash of freezing rain\u003cbr>\nthat herds us indoors toward fire and warm lovers,\u003cbr>\nhow it feels when a whole neighborhood opens after the storm,\u003cbr>\nunveils pale skin, shoulder blades sharpened toward the air, wind flapping at a flimsy dress and the crisp definition of a crocus forming in the freshness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I believe in heat,\u003cbr>\nin sun,\u003cbr>\nin the dry pocket of time between what has been and what will be done; colors deep and flat,\u003cbr>\nthe yellow hills of California, that slowed speech\u003cbr>\nand something uninspired about urgency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And I believe in the quickening that follows,\u003cbr>\nengine revved again for the cycle, leaves surging with potential\u003cbr>\nthat rises in the common buzz\u003cbr>\nand the busy people’s cheeks shine underneath wool hats,\u003cbr>\nhands working and progress zooming us back to the beginning of it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ‐ there is a lava catapulting toward this very airplane.\u003cbr>\nWe are flying through an ash cloud ‐\u003cbr>\nnot to mention the fifteen other rebellions the earth has staged since last summer, pounding on our clean, white doors, ignored and shouting\u003cbr>\nwhile we sit, sipping streamed television with our coca cola ‐\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>and I’m wondering\u003cbr>\nhow we forgot to save ourselves;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How, when there is so much time for so much else ‐\u003cbr>\nso many carefully orchestrated group photographs, Amazon deliveries and dry cleaning ‐ do we shake our heads in mild and detached horror,\u003cbr>\nexclaim and come together only for a moment when our town is on fire,\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"page\" title=\"Page 2\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"layoutArea\">\n\u003cdiv class=\"column\">\n\u003cp>and still drive alone each day across the bay bridge, bemoan the traffic as if the two are unrelated,\u003cbr>\njust few thousand friendly half‐way harmonizers\u003cbr>\nblowing whistles from the comfort of the air conditioning\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>so I’m praying\u003cbr>\nfor the endurance of my favorite way of mapping time.\u003cbr>\nI’m praying that the grass does not dissolve out of the hills,\u003cbr>\nand that my someday daughter has a wild tree‐covered hill to climb, and that we do not arrange a future\u003cbr>\nwhere the history books have chapters for the 4th grade\u003cbr>\nabout what seasons were like.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> Poet and choreographer \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Annie Kahane founded the award-winning \u003ca href=\"http://www.aliveandwellproductions.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alive & Well Productions\u003c/a> in San Francisco. Becky Hoag recorded and produced Annie’s Moment.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "live-blog-bringing-you-the-global-climate-action-summit",
"title": "Coverage of Global Climate Action Summit",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Climate Summit Coverage:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931512/climate-summit-what-happened-and-what-it-means\">Climate Summit: What Happened and What It Means\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931206/californias-a-team-on-climate-moonbeam-and-the-governator\">Believe It Or Not, A Republican Once Led the California Charge on Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"Hundreds%20of%20New%20Commitments%20to%20Climate%20Action%20Bubble%20Up%20from%20San%20Francisco%20Summit\">Hundreds of New Commitments to Climate Action Bubble Up from San Francisco Summit\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"Governor%20Brown%E2%80%99s%20Biggest%20Climate%20Foe%20Isn%E2%80%99t%20Trump.%20It%E2%80%99s%20Car-Loving%20Californians\">Governor Brown’s Biggest Climate Foe Isn’t Trump. It’s Car-Loving Californians\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930575/climate-cartoons-fiore\">7 Climate Change Cartoons From Pulitzer Prize Winner Mark Fiore\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Live blog from summit\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When President Trump announced last year that he was pulling the U.S. out of the Paris climate deal, governors and mayors around the country resisted and promised to continue their efforts to slow global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, many of those lawmakers are convening with business leaders, subnational governments, and NGOs for the much-anticipated \u003ca href=\"http://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit\u003c/a>, a conference where participants are showcasing the progress they’ve made and strategies for taking further action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conference, which runs from Sept. 12-14, will help lay the groundwork for 2020, when global leaders will once again meet to pledge deeper cuts of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science will be following the summit closely so be sure to check our page for the latest updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 2:20 p.m., Fri. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown is closing the conference, announcing that California will launch its “own damn satellite” \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/09/14/governor-brown-closes-global-climate-action-summit-were-launching-our-own-damn-satellite/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to track pollution. \u003c/a>California is working with San Francisco-based Earth imaging company Planet Labs to develop the satellite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With science still under attack—we’re under attack by a lot of people, including Donald Trump—and with the climate threat growing, we’re going to launch a satellite—our own damn satellite to figure out where the pollution is and how we’re going to end it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planet, founded by ex-NASA scientists, operates the world’s largest network of satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea seems to be to catch major polluters red-handed, naming and shaming them. A Big Brother for good?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Parting shot from \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JerryBrownGov?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@JerryBrownGov\u003c/a> at SF \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climate\u003c/a> summit: CA will “launch our own damn satellite to figure out where the pollution is and how we’re gonna end it.” Uhh…okay (not his first mention of this). \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/QBIbtKdH7k\">pic.twitter.com/QBIbtKdH7k\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— voxterra (@voxterra) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/voxterra/status/1040716903579176960?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 1:50 p.m., Fri. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for ING just announced that the banking institution is steering its lending portfolio towards keeping the global temperature rise to “well below two degrees Celsius,” in support of the Paris agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This makes us the first bank to commit to science-based climate scenarios in our business strategy,” she says, adding, “We will do this with pioneering science-based methodology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 1:35 p.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now taking the stage is Carlos Manuel Rodriguez, Costa Rica’s Minister of Environment and Energy. The country is striving to become \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/7/17/17568190/costa-rica-renewable-energy-fossil-fuels-transportation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first carbon-neutral\u003c/a> nation by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez says that Costa Rica is working on a massive decarbonization plan that will impact several economic sectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costa Rica, which abolished its army in 1948, amended its constitution in 1994 to include a right to a healthy environment for its citizens. Today, the tiny Central American country gets nearly all of its electricity from renewable sources, with \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/features/how_costa_rica_is_moving_toward_a_green_economy_renewable_energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 percent coming from hydropower\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vox reports that Costa Rica can power itself for months at a time relying solely\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/7/17/17568190/costa-rica-renewable-energy-fossil-fuels-transportation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> on renewables\u003c/a>, running for a record 300 days on clean energy in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Minister of Costa Rica “we have a climate crisis AND a bio-diversity crisis” – protecting the land is a good investment – \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GCAS2018?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GlobalClimateActionSummit?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GlobalClimateActionSummit\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/stepup2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#stepup2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/6IEEbsyHWb\">pic.twitter.com/6IEEbsyHWb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jairo Garcia, Dr (@Jairohgarcia) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Jairohgarcia/status/1040700595361861632?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 1:19 p.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now speaking, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, who just announced that New York City will invest two percent of its pension assets, or $4 billion dollars, in climate solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The signs couldn’t be clearer, we could lose our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that in January, NYC became the first city to begin divesting its pension assets from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Bill de Blasio: “We will act when nations fail, including our own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NYCMayor?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NYCMayor\u003c/a> Bill de Blasio leading the way- divesting NYC’s pension from fossil fuels and investing $4 billion in climate solutions. Asking other pension funds to do the same. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> . We’ll be Bringing this week’s messages back to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateWeekNYC?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateWeekNYC\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/mMEukFy1ot\">pic.twitter.com/mMEukFy1ot\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Davidsen (@AmyDavidsen) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AmyDavidsen/status/1040697728349626368?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:50 p.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internationally acclaimed primatologist and anthropologist Dr. Jane Goodall is discussing the importance of protecting rainforests. Goodall stars in the new NatGeo documentary “\u003ca id=\"related_article_link_jane\" href=\"https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/jane-goodall-virtual-reality-nature-reserve-1202833882/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jane\u003c/a>,” which has been nominated for seven Emmy awards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“It’s important to understand that each one of us makes an impact on the planet every single day. We have a choice when it comes to that impact—what we eat, buy & wear. Does it destroy forests? If it does, we have to be strong enough to not buy it.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JaneGoodallInst?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@JaneGoodallInst\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/jCt4VzCkLj\">pic.twitter.com/jCt4VzCkLj\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Global Climate Action Summit (@GCAS2018) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GCAS2018/status/1040691818126442496?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“It’s desperately important for climate change to protect the rainforest… but for me, it’s more than that. It’s protecting something that is a great spiritual connection to the world.” — Jane Goodall \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> /1\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Julia Scott (@juliascribe) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/juliascribe/status/1040689290097782785?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:30 p.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A start-up from Stanford University won the California Climate Cup. The competition received more than 100 submissions for different climate-focused business plans. Solstice Energy Solutions took home the prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company uses big data to analyze energy use, coordinating different energy sources like solar and energy storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">10 transportation & city-focused startups you should know: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/wheeliofficial?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@wheeliofficial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ecomedes?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ecomedes\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/aclima?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Aclima\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LO3energy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@LO3energy\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ev_match?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ev_match\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SolsticeEnergy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@SolsticeEnergy\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AmpaireInc?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AmpaireInc\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/eveecars?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@eveecars\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/enzincinc?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@enzincinc\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EP_Tender?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@EP_Tender\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LACIncubator?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@LACIncubator\u003c/a>: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/RBHlIpGpws\">https://t.co/RBHlIpGpws\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/jc7Ot1HlnJ\">pic.twitter.com/jc7Ot1HlnJ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Katie Fehrenbacher (@katiefehren) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katiefehren/status/1039977717943361536?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 12, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:18 p.m., Fri. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for a new initiative called “Lawyers for a Sustainable Economy” is speaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine top law firms recently launched the project, which will offer pro-bono legal support to entrepreneurs and community-based non-profits to help advance their work in key climate and sustainability issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firms have pledged to commit approximately $15 million of funding by 2020. Facilitated by Stanford Law School and Stanford’s Precourt Institute for Energy, the program will connect participating law firms with potential clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 11:38 a.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking after Garcetti is Pasquale Romano, president & CEO of ChargePoint, operator of one of the world’s largest charging station networks for electric vehicles. Romano says that his company is planning a near 50-fold increase in its global network of charging spots by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romano: “The electrification taking place today is as fundamental as the internal combustion engine was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is planning to add 2.5 million loading stations to its network. Romano says the world of mobility is on the “cusp of a generational change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 11:30 a.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now taking the stage is Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“Our reach must always exceed our grasp. The work in this Summit, the work in our lives is us reaching beyond our grasp. If not, what is this beautiful Earth for?” — Mayor \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ericgarcetti?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ericgarcetti\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/kCkLdF5t69\">pic.twitter.com/kCkLdF5t69\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Global Climate Action Summit (@GCAS2018) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GCAS2018/status/1040672637100351488?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles plans to build 15 new transit lines for the upcoming 2028 Olympics. Garcetti says the city is pledging to buy only zero emission buses by 2025 in the lead up to the Olympics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti: “The demand for 80,000 buses is a power signal to the marketplace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 11:20 a.m., Fri. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al Gore is on the main stage, discussing the impact of warming oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al Gore: “Every night on the nightly news is like a nature hike through the Book of Revelations, and we’ve got to connect the dots between the cause and the effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are putting so much heat into the oceans. We’re using the sky as an open sewer. This is literally insane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore says more than 90 percent of heat goes into the oceans. The cumulative amount of trapping that much heat energy is equal to “400,000 Hiroshima A-bombs, going off every single day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why the temperatures are going up every year. Thousands of high-temperature records have been broken this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/algore?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@algore\u003c/a> writes off Trump as a transient setback to climate progress, says “political will is a renewable resource.” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/YpVbyRlucd\">pic.twitter.com/YpVbyRlucd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— voxterra (@voxterra) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/voxterra/status/1040669548783923201?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Gore goes on to say that the Paris agreement “has pointed the way to a world that is united in taking action. All 195 nations of the world are committed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And yes, I know, Donald Trump made a speech and most of you know that under the law–and we are still in the United States, a nation under law as of right now and will continue to be– and under the law, the first day the US could legally withdraw, is the first day after the next presidential election.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And by the way, if there is a new president–excuse me for a moment [laughter]–then, a new president could simply give 30 days notice and we’re right back in the Paris agreement [applause].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For anyone who doubts that we, as human beings have the political will to meet our obligations that history is demanding of us, just remember that political will is itself a renewable resource.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 9:30 a.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day kicks off with a discussion of oceans. John Kerry speaks on the main stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Nature_Climate/status/1040641726673608704\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a breakout session, a discussion of the role of gender equality in environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a>; Unless gender division in labor is addressed, there won’t be a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/JustTransition?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#JustTransition\u003c/a> (JT) to a climate friendly future, says \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bridiekatie?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@bridiekatie\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WEDO_worldwide?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@WEDO_worldwide\u003c/a>, giving credit to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@RichardTrumka\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AFLCIO?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AFLCIO\u003c/a> for raising women’s rights as a JT-isdue \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/ROY0GUFgMb\">pic.twitter.com/ROY0GUFgMb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Anne-Beth Skrede (@LO_klima) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LO_klima/status/1040639825181859840?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 2 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That wraps up today’s coverage of GCAS. Check out our live blog tomorrow for updates on the third day of the summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:52 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A special video appearance by former President Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Paris agreement was never going to solve the climate crisis on its own. That’s up to all of us,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“We are the first generation to feel the effect of climate change and the last generation who can do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BarackObama?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@BarackObama\u003c/a> quoting fellow U.S. leader on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climateaction?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climateaction\u003c/a> Jay Inslee during a special message at today’s Global Climate Action Summit \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/DsnR9dG0Wd\">pic.twitter.com/DsnR9dG0Wd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— UN Foundation (@unfoundation) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/unfoundation/status/1040328904400097282?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:49 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931314 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Actor Harrison Ford speaking at the Global Climate Action Summit. (Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Actor Harrison Ford makes an impassioned speech about protecting the environment from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stop for God’s sake denigrating science [crowd applauds]. Don’t give power to people who don’t believe in science. They know who they are and we know who they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford goes on, “So long as the Amazon rainforest is slashed, burned, protected lands of indigenous people is encroached, wetlands are destroyed, climate goals will be out of reach and we will be s*** out of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need nature now more than ever, nature doesn’t need people. So let’s kick this monsters a**.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:30 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka takes the stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“So I ask you: does your plan for fighting climate change ask more from a sick retired coal miner than it does from you and your family? If it does, then you need to think again.” — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@RichardTrumka\u003c/a>, (gently) laying into San Francisco’s liberal crowd \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AFLCIO?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AFLCIO\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDscience?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQEDscience\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Julia Scott (@juliascribe) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/juliascribe/status/1040321700317999104?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Impressed by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@RichardTrumka\u003c/a>, head of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AFLCIO?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AFLCIO\u003c/a>. At \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a>, he pointed out that he is a third-generation \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/coal?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#coal\u003c/a> miner by trade, but that “it is now time to build a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/sustainable?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#sustainable\u003c/a> future” for workers. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CleanTech?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CleanTech\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ParisAgreement?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ParisAgreement\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Km523w95Z1\">pic.twitter.com/Km523w95Z1\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Patricia Espinosa C. (@PEspinosaC) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PEspinosaC/status/1040307975905148928?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>_____\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner replies to moderator Van Jones’ question about what the “mayor of the energy capital of the world” is doing about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can be the energy capital and recognize the need to do a lot to address climate change for our future,” says Turner. “The mayor of Houston believes climate change is real [crowd applauds]. We believe in the Paris climate agreement…over 400 mayors have agreed to fulfill the tenets of Paris…if you don’t lead from the top, mayors will lead from where we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also touted Houston’s investments in clean energy and said the city gets 80 percent of its power from wind and ten percent from solar, saving the city 40 million dollars over the next 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:15 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters interrupt the event, chanting “Mother Earth is not for sale!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931327 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters interrupt the summit to chant, “Our water is not for sale, our land is not for sale.” (Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“Only in America can you have environmentalists protesting an environmental conference,” said former NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg, as protesters calling for more curbs on oil interrupt his talk at the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> on how local progress is making up for Trump inaction on climate. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/1rLPQUAqjX\">pic.twitter.com/1rLPQUAqjX\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Paul Rogers (@PaulRogersSJMN) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PaulRogersSJMN/status/1040318895402315776?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[audio mp3=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Zoom3.mp3\"][/audio]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 12 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Nancy Pelosi at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/gcas2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#gcas2018\u003c/a>: “Despite what is happening in Washington, I am ever hopeful.” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/XRKJGOFP7a\">pic.twitter.com/XRKJGOFP7a\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dan Morain (@DanielMorain) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielMorain/status/1040314424119123968?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 11:30 a.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931271 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.) \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salesforce’s Marc Benioff announced the company will reach 100 percent renewable energy by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benioff said “business of business is improving the state of our world and making the world a better place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I challenge CEOs to take action on climate” which he said gives companies like his “a competitive advantage” because more and more customers especially young ones expect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a make-or-break moment. This is why we are here and this is why we must do more. We must act and we must act now,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Salesforce CEO Marc \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Benioff?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Benioff\u003c/a> calls on all cloud computing cos to run net-zero carbon ops. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/fnu3OXp8Us\">pic.twitter.com/fnu3OXp8Us\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— voxterra (@voxterra) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/voxterra/status/1040307390459994112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 10:30 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Johnson, chief executive officer at Starbucks, speaking as part of a panel with NJ Governor Murphy and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp lang=\"en\">“The pursuit of profit does not have to be in conflict with the pursuit of doing good,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Starbucks?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Starbucks\u003c/a> to operate 10,000 ‘Greener Stores’ globally by 2025, ceo announces \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/zk5r1SxTqX\">https://t.co/zk5r1SxTqX\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/DEBQkwek6T\">pic.twitter.com/DEBQkwek6T\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Starbucks News (@Starbucksnews) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Starbucksnews/status/1040299451112316928?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp lang=\"en\">In 2018, there was\u003ca href=\"https://sciencebasedtargets.org/2018/09/13/surge-in-global-business-embracing-climate-science-to-navigate-low-carbon-transition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a 39 percent rise in companies\u003c/a> committing to align themselves with the Paris agreement, according to Science Based Targets, a group that seeks to guide companies in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 10:15 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey Governor Philip Dunton Murphy speaking. In May, Murphy signed an executive order directing the state’s the Board of Public Utilities to put together a plan to achieve 100 percent clean energy by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 10:10 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to face my children someday when they ask me ‘Why didn’t you do anything?'” –Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s never been so much reason to be nervous, but there’s never been so much reason to be hopeful,” – Johan Rockström, executive director of the Stockholm Resilience Center and professor of environmental science at Stockholm University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rockström is best known for his \u003ca href=\"https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2009 proposal\u003c/a> identifying specific limits to Earth’s various systems. He called these limits \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7263/full/461472a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planetary boundaries\u003c/a> and warned that should we exceed them, we may no longer enjoy the life-sustaining balance between nature and human progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 9:40 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“We are in a fight for our own existence. We cannot afford to wait any longer.” — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/miaamormottley?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@miaamormottley\u003c/a>, Prime Minister of Barbados, urging the importance of taking \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climate\u003c/a> action. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/OEokkPgNjQ\">pic.twitter.com/OEokkPgNjQ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Global Climate Action Summit (@GCAS2018) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GCAS2018/status/1040279814060396544?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“We are all crew mates of the same ship” – \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASA?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASA\u003c/a> astronauts address the Global Climate Action Summit \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> in San Francisco\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/td3bEwPPfM\">pic.twitter.com/td3bEwPPfM\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— UN Climate Change (@UNFCCC) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/UNFCCC/status/1040278328358227973?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 8:33 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931239 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters gather outside of the Moscone Center, where Governor Jerry Brown kicked off the Global Climate Action Summit. The demonstrators are protesting continued gas and oil drilling in California. (Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A reporter asks Governor Brown to comment on the protests outside the Moscone Center, where he is speaking. The demonstrators are protesting continued drilling in California,\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article218290565.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a contentious flashpoint \u003c/a>between many environmental activists and Brown’s administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown: “There is no one off here. There’s no one thing … California, with the leadership of our Air Resources Board, has released a plan … the plan is an integrated plan built up overtime … and we welcome any suggestions people have. But I believe California has the most far reaching plan to deal with emissions … as well as oil… we have the actual method of getting there … but make no doubt about it, there is no place in the world that has a more integrated, comprehensive plan to reduce emissions from all sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 8:00 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931244\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931244 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Governor Jerry Brown kicks off the Global Climate Action Summit with a press conference at the Moscone Center. (Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown had some salty words for President Donald Trump at a press conference with Michael Bloomberg this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It borders not only on insanity but criminality. The only way we’re going to get global warming under control is the reduce the big pollutants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He singled out Trump’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927865/trump-epa-ready-to-throw-down-gauntlet-on-calif-auto-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> recent moves to scale back\u003c/a> California’s CAFE standards and the latest announcement to roll back Obama-era methane emission rules. Brown pointed out that the most potent “short-term” pollutants, such as methane, black carbon and HFCs, are must-solve problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Liar? Criminal? Fool? Pick your choice,” said Brown, when asked how he thinks Trump will be remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown and Bloomberg held the press conference to draw attention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/fulfilling-americas-pledge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the report they released\u003c/a> yesterday, entitled “America’s Pledge,” which lays out a “roadmap” of 10 strategies it says can help the U.S. get most of the way to honoring the emissions reduction targets it committed to in Paris in 2015. (That goal: to cut back on U.S. carbon emissions by up to 28 percent from 2005 levels, by 2025.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have market forces at our back and we have the public at our side, so I ike our chances,” said Bloomberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science reporter\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931085/cities-states-claim-they-can-make-major-climate-gains-on-their-own\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Craig Miller writes tha\u003c/a>t the report “projects that despite a retreat by the federal government, a serious push from the bottom-up could put the U.S. within reach of its Paris emissions goals by 2025.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Climate Summit Coverage:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931512/climate-summit-what-happened-and-what-it-means\">Climate Summit: What Happened and What It Means\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931206/californias-a-team-on-climate-moonbeam-and-the-governator\">Believe It Or Not, A Republican Once Led the California Charge on Climate Change\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"Hundreds%20of%20New%20Commitments%20to%20Climate%20Action%20Bubble%20Up%20from%20San%20Francisco%20Summit\">Hundreds of New Commitments to Climate Action Bubble Up from San Francisco Summit\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"Governor%20Brown%E2%80%99s%20Biggest%20Climate%20Foe%20Isn%E2%80%99t%20Trump.%20It%E2%80%99s%20Car-Loving%20Californians\">Governor Brown’s Biggest Climate Foe Isn’t Trump. It’s Car-Loving Californians\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1930575/climate-cartoons-fiore\">7 Climate Change Cartoons From Pulitzer Prize Winner Mark Fiore\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Live blog from summit\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When President Trump announced last year that he was pulling the U.S. out of the Paris climate deal, governors and mayors around the country resisted and promised to continue their efforts to slow global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, many of those lawmakers are convening with business leaders, subnational governments, and NGOs for the much-anticipated \u003ca href=\"http://globalclimateactionsummit.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Global Climate Action Summit\u003c/a>, a conference where participants are showcasing the progress they’ve made and strategies for taking further action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conference, which runs from Sept. 12-14, will help lay the groundwork for 2020, when global leaders will once again meet to pledge deeper cuts of greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science will be following the summit closely so be sure to check our page for the latest updates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 2:20 p.m., Fri. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown is closing the conference, announcing that California will launch its “own damn satellite” \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/09/14/governor-brown-closes-global-climate-action-summit-were-launching-our-own-damn-satellite/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to track pollution. \u003c/a>California is working with San Francisco-based Earth imaging company Planet Labs to develop the satellite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With science still under attack—we’re under attack by a lot of people, including Donald Trump—and with the climate threat growing, we’re going to launch a satellite—our own damn satellite to figure out where the pollution is and how we’re going to end it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Planet, founded by ex-NASA scientists, operates the world’s largest network of satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea seems to be to catch major polluters red-handed, naming and shaming them. A Big Brother for good?\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Parting shot from \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JerryBrownGov?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@JerryBrownGov\u003c/a> at SF \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climate\u003c/a> summit: CA will “launch our own damn satellite to figure out where the pollution is and how we’re gonna end it.” Uhh…okay (not his first mention of this). \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/QBIbtKdH7k\">pic.twitter.com/QBIbtKdH7k\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— voxterra (@voxterra) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/voxterra/status/1040716903579176960?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 1:50 p.m., Fri. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for ING just announced that the banking institution is steering its lending portfolio towards keeping the global temperature rise to “well below two degrees Celsius,” in support of the Paris agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This makes us the first bank to commit to science-based climate scenarios in our business strategy,” she says, adding, “We will do this with pioneering science-based methodology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 1:35 p.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now taking the stage is Carlos Manuel Rodriguez, Costa Rica’s Minister of Environment and Energy. The country is striving to become \u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/7/17/17568190/costa-rica-renewable-energy-fossil-fuels-transportation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the first carbon-neutral\u003c/a> nation by 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez says that Costa Rica is working on a massive decarbonization plan that will impact several economic sectors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Costa Rica, which abolished its army in 1948, amended its constitution in 1994 to include a right to a healthy environment for its citizens. Today, the tiny Central American country gets nearly all of its electricity from renewable sources, with \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/features/how_costa_rica_is_moving_toward_a_green_economy_renewable_energy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">80 percent coming from hydropower\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vox reports that Costa Rica can power itself for months at a time relying solely\u003ca href=\"https://www.vox.com/energy-and-environment/2018/7/17/17568190/costa-rica-renewable-energy-fossil-fuels-transportation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> on renewables\u003c/a>, running for a record 300 days on clean energy in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Minister of Costa Rica “we have a climate crisis AND a bio-diversity crisis” – protecting the land is a good investment – \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GCAS2018?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GlobalClimateActionSummit?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GlobalClimateActionSummit\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/stepup2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#stepup2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/6IEEbsyHWb\">pic.twitter.com/6IEEbsyHWb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jairo Garcia, Dr (@Jairohgarcia) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Jairohgarcia/status/1040700595361861632?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 1:19 p.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now speaking, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio, who just announced that New York City will invest two percent of its pension assets, or $4 billion dollars, in climate solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The signs couldn’t be clearer, we could lose our planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that in January, NYC became the first city to begin divesting its pension assets from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Bill de Blasio: “We will act when nations fail, including our own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NYCMayor?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NYCMayor\u003c/a> Bill de Blasio leading the way- divesting NYC’s pension from fossil fuels and investing $4 billion in climate solutions. Asking other pension funds to do the same. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> . We’ll be Bringing this week’s messages back to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ClimateWeekNYC?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ClimateWeekNYC\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/mMEukFy1ot\">pic.twitter.com/mMEukFy1ot\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Amy Davidsen (@AmyDavidsen) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AmyDavidsen/status/1040697728349626368?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:50 p.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internationally acclaimed primatologist and anthropologist Dr. Jane Goodall is discussing the importance of protecting rainforests. Goodall stars in the new NatGeo documentary “\u003ca id=\"related_article_link_jane\" href=\"https://variety.com/2018/digital/news/jane-goodall-virtual-reality-nature-reserve-1202833882/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jane\u003c/a>,” which has been nominated for seven Emmy awards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“It’s important to understand that each one of us makes an impact on the planet every single day. We have a choice when it comes to that impact—what we eat, buy & wear. Does it destroy forests? If it does, we have to be strong enough to not buy it.” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JaneGoodallInst?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@JaneGoodallInst\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/jCt4VzCkLj\">pic.twitter.com/jCt4VzCkLj\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Global Climate Action Summit (@GCAS2018) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GCAS2018/status/1040691818126442496?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“It’s desperately important for climate change to protect the rainforest… but for me, it’s more than that. It’s protecting something that is a great spiritual connection to the world.” — Jane Goodall \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> /1\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Julia Scott (@juliascribe) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/juliascribe/status/1040689290097782785?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:30 p.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A start-up from Stanford University won the California Climate Cup. The competition received more than 100 submissions for different climate-focused business plans. Solstice Energy Solutions took home the prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company uses big data to analyze energy use, coordinating different energy sources like solar and energy storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">10 transportation & city-focused startups you should know: \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/wheeliofficial?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@wheeliofficial\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ecomedes?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ecomedes\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/aclima?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Aclima\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LO3energy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@LO3energy\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ev_match?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ev_match\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SolsticeEnergy?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@SolsticeEnergy\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AmpaireInc?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AmpaireInc\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/eveecars?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@eveecars\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/enzincinc?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@enzincinc\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EP_Tender?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@EP_Tender\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LACIncubator?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@LACIncubator\u003c/a>: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/RBHlIpGpws\">https://t.co/RBHlIpGpws\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/jc7Ot1HlnJ\">pic.twitter.com/jc7Ot1HlnJ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Katie Fehrenbacher (@katiefehren) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/katiefehren/status/1039977717943361536?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 12, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:18 p.m., Fri. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for a new initiative called “Lawyers for a Sustainable Economy” is speaking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine top law firms recently launched the project, which will offer pro-bono legal support to entrepreneurs and community-based non-profits to help advance their work in key climate and sustainability issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firms have pledged to commit approximately $15 million of funding by 2020. Facilitated by Stanford Law School and Stanford’s Precourt Institute for Energy, the program will connect participating law firms with potential clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 11:38 a.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking after Garcetti is Pasquale Romano, president & CEO of ChargePoint, operator of one of the world’s largest charging station networks for electric vehicles. Romano says that his company is planning a near 50-fold increase in its global network of charging spots by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romano: “The electrification taking place today is as fundamental as the internal combustion engine was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is planning to add 2.5 million loading stations to its network. Romano says the world of mobility is on the “cusp of a generational change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 11:30 a.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now taking the stage is Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“Our reach must always exceed our grasp. The work in this Summit, the work in our lives is us reaching beyond our grasp. If not, what is this beautiful Earth for?” — Mayor \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ericgarcetti?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@ericgarcetti\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/kCkLdF5t69\">pic.twitter.com/kCkLdF5t69\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Global Climate Action Summit (@GCAS2018) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GCAS2018/status/1040672637100351488?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles plans to build 15 new transit lines for the upcoming 2028 Olympics. Garcetti says the city is pledging to buy only zero emission buses by 2025 in the lead up to the Olympics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti: “The demand for 80,000 buses is a power signal to the marketplace.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 11:20 a.m., Fri. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al Gore is on the main stage, discussing the impact of warming oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al Gore: “Every night on the nightly news is like a nature hike through the Book of Revelations, and we’ve got to connect the dots between the cause and the effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are putting so much heat into the oceans. We’re using the sky as an open sewer. This is literally insane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gore says more than 90 percent of heat goes into the oceans. The cumulative amount of trapping that much heat energy is equal to “400,000 Hiroshima A-bombs, going off every single day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s why the temperatures are going up every year. Thousands of high-temperature records have been broken this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/algore?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@algore\u003c/a> writes off Trump as a transient setback to climate progress, says “political will is a renewable resource.” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/YpVbyRlucd\">pic.twitter.com/YpVbyRlucd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— voxterra (@voxterra) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/voxterra/status/1040669548783923201?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Gore goes on to say that the Paris agreement “has pointed the way to a world that is united in taking action. All 195 nations of the world are committed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And yes, I know, Donald Trump made a speech and most of you know that under the law–and we are still in the United States, a nation under law as of right now and will continue to be– and under the law, the first day the US could legally withdraw, is the first day after the next presidential election.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And by the way, if there is a new president–excuse me for a moment [laughter]–then, a new president could simply give 30 days notice and we’re right back in the Paris agreement [applause].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For anyone who doubts that we, as human beings have the political will to meet our obligations that history is demanding of us, just remember that political will is itself a renewable resource.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 9:30 a.m., Fri.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day kicks off with a discussion of oceans. John Kerry speaks on the main stage.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In a breakout session, a discussion of the role of gender equality in environmental justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a>; Unless gender division in labor is addressed, there won’t be a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/JustTransition?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#JustTransition\u003c/a> (JT) to a climate friendly future, says \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bridiekatie?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@bridiekatie\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/WEDO_worldwide?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@WEDO_worldwide\u003c/a>, giving credit to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@RichardTrumka\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AFLCIO?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AFLCIO\u003c/a> for raising women’s rights as a JT-isdue \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/ROY0GUFgMb\">pic.twitter.com/ROY0GUFgMb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Anne-Beth Skrede (@LO_klima) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/LO_klima/status/1040639825181859840?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 14, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 2 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That wraps up today’s coverage of GCAS. Check out our live blog tomorrow for updates on the third day of the summit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:52 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A special video appearance by former President Barack Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Paris agreement was never going to solve the climate crisis on its own. That’s up to all of us,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“We are the first generation to feel the effect of climate change and the last generation who can do something about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BarackObama?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@BarackObama\u003c/a> quoting fellow U.S. leader on \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climateaction?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climateaction\u003c/a> Jay Inslee during a special message at today’s Global Climate Action Summit \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/DsnR9dG0Wd\">pic.twitter.com/DsnR9dG0Wd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— UN Foundation (@unfoundation) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/unfoundation/status/1040328904400097282?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:49 p.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931314\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931314 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0669-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Actor Harrison Ford speaking at the Global Climate Action Summit. (Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Actor Harrison Ford makes an impassioned speech about protecting the environment from climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Stop for God’s sake denigrating science [crowd applauds]. Don’t give power to people who don’t believe in science. They know who they are and we know who they are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford goes on, “So long as the Amazon rainforest is slashed, burned, protected lands of indigenous people is encroached, wetlands are destroyed, climate goals will be out of reach and we will be s*** out of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need nature now more than ever, nature doesn’t need people. So let’s kick this monsters a**.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:30 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka takes the stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“So I ask you: does your plan for fighting climate change ask more from a sick retired coal miner than it does from you and your family? If it does, then you need to think again.” — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@RichardTrumka\u003c/a>, (gently) laying into San Francisco’s liberal crowd \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AFLCIO?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AFLCIO\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDscience?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQEDscience\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Julia Scott (@juliascribe) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/juliascribe/status/1040321700317999104?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Impressed by \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@RichardTrumka\u003c/a>, head of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AFLCIO?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AFLCIO\u003c/a>. At \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a>, he pointed out that he is a third-generation \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/coal?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#coal\u003c/a> miner by trade, but that “it is now time to build a \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/sustainable?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#sustainable\u003c/a> future” for workers. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/CleanTech?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#CleanTech\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ParisAgreement?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#ParisAgreement\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Km523w95Z1\">pic.twitter.com/Km523w95Z1\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Patricia Espinosa C. (@PEspinosaC) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PEspinosaC/status/1040307975905148928?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>_____\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston Mayor Sylvester Turner replies to moderator Van Jones’ question about what the “mayor of the energy capital of the world” is doing about climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can be the energy capital and recognize the need to do a lot to address climate change for our future,” says Turner. “The mayor of Houston believes climate change is real [crowd applauds]. We believe in the Paris climate agreement…over 400 mayors have agreed to fulfill the tenets of Paris…if you don’t lead from the top, mayors will lead from where we are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also touted Houston’s investments in clean energy and said the city gets 80 percent of its power from wind and ten percent from solar, saving the city 40 million dollars over the next 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 12:15 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Protesters interrupt the event, chanting “Mother Earth is not for sale!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931327 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0659-2-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters interrupt the summit to chant, “Our water is not for sale, our land is not for sale.” (Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“Only in America can you have environmentalists protesting an environmental conference,” said former NYC Mayor Michael Bloomberg, as protesters calling for more curbs on oil interrupt his talk at the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> on how local progress is making up for Trump inaction on climate. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/1rLPQUAqjX\">pic.twitter.com/1rLPQUAqjX\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Paul Rogers (@PaulRogersSJMN) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/PaulRogersSJMN/status/1040318895402315776?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 12 p.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Nancy Pelosi at \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/gcas2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#gcas2018\u003c/a>: “Despite what is happening in Washington, I am ever hopeful.” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/XRKJGOFP7a\">pic.twitter.com/XRKJGOFP7a\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Dan Morain (@DanielMorain) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/DanielMorain/status/1040314424119123968?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 11:30 a.m.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931271\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931271 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/IMG_0645-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.) \u003ccite>(Sheraz Sadiq)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Salesforce’s Marc Benioff announced the company will reach 100 percent renewable energy by 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Benioff said “business of business is improving the state of our world and making the world a better place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I challenge CEOs to take action on climate” which he said gives companies like his “a competitive advantage” because more and more customers especially young ones expect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a make-or-break moment. This is why we are here and this is why we must do more. We must act and we must act now,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Salesforce CEO Marc \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Benioff?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Benioff\u003c/a> calls on all cloud computing cos to run net-zero carbon ops. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/fnu3OXp8Us\">pic.twitter.com/fnu3OXp8Us\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— voxterra (@voxterra) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/voxterra/status/1040307390459994112?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 10:30 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kevin Johnson, chief executive officer at Starbucks, speaking as part of a panel with NJ Governor Murphy and others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp lang=\"en\">“The pursuit of profit does not have to be in conflict with the pursuit of doing good,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">.\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Starbucks?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Starbucks\u003c/a> to operate 10,000 ‘Greener Stores’ globally by 2025, ceo announces \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/zk5r1SxTqX\">https://t.co/zk5r1SxTqX\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/DEBQkwek6T\">pic.twitter.com/DEBQkwek6T\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Starbucks News (@Starbucksnews) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Starbucksnews/status/1040299451112316928?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp lang=\"en\">In 2018, there was\u003ca href=\"https://sciencebasedtargets.org/2018/09/13/surge-in-global-business-embracing-climate-science-to-navigate-low-carbon-transition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a 39 percent rise in companies\u003c/a> committing to align themselves with the Paris agreement, according to Science Based Targets, a group that seeks to guide companies in reducing their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 10:15 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Jersey Governor Philip Dunton Murphy speaking. In May, Murphy signed an executive order directing the state’s the Board of Public Utilities to put together a plan to achieve 100 percent clean energy by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 10:10 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to face my children someday when they ask me ‘Why didn’t you do anything?'” –Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s never been so much reason to be nervous, but there’s never been so much reason to be hopeful,” – Johan Rockström, executive director of the Stockholm Resilience Center and professor of environmental science at Stockholm University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rockström is best known for his \u003ca href=\"https://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol14/iss2/art32/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2009 proposal\u003c/a> identifying specific limits to Earth’s various systems. He called these limits \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v461/n7263/full/461472a.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">planetary boundaries\u003c/a> and warned that should we exceed them, we may no longer enjoy the life-sustaining balance between nature and human progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nUPDATE: 9:40 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“We are in a fight for our own existence. We cannot afford to wait any longer.” — \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/miaamormottley?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@miaamormottley\u003c/a>, Prime Minister of Barbados, urging the importance of taking \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/climate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#climate\u003c/a> action. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/OEokkPgNjQ\">pic.twitter.com/OEokkPgNjQ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Global Climate Action Summit (@GCAS2018) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GCAS2018/status/1040279814060396544?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">“We are all crew mates of the same ship” – \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NASA?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@NASA\u003c/a> astronauts address the Global Climate Action Summit \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/GCAS2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#GCAS2018\u003c/a> in San Francisco\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/StepUp2018?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#StepUp2018\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/td3bEwPPfM\">pic.twitter.com/td3bEwPPfM\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— UN Climate Change (@UNFCCC) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/UNFCCC/status/1040278328358227973?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 13, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: 8:33 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931239 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Image-from-iOS-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Protesters gather outside of the Moscone Center, where Governor Jerry Brown kicked off the Global Climate Action Summit. The demonstrators are protesting continued gas and oil drilling in California. (Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A reporter asks Governor Brown to comment on the protests outside the Moscone Center, where he is speaking. The demonstrators are protesting continued drilling in California,\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article218290565.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> a contentious flashpoint \u003c/a>between many environmental activists and Brown’s administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown: “There is no one off here. There’s no one thing … California, with the leadership of our Air Resources Board, has released a plan … the plan is an integrated plan built up overtime … and we welcome any suggestions people have. But I believe California has the most far reaching plan to deal with emissions … as well as oil… we have the actual method of getting there … but make no doubt about it, there is no place in the world that has a more integrated, comprehensive plan to reduce emissions from all sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>UPDATE 8:00 a.m., Thur.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931244\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931244 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/Browntalks-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Governor Jerry Brown kicks off the Global Climate Action Summit with a press conference at the Moscone Center. (Image Sheraz Sadiq/KQED.)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown had some salty words for President Donald Trump at a press conference with Michael Bloomberg this morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It borders not only on insanity but criminality. The only way we’re going to get global warming under control is the reduce the big pollutants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He singled out Trump’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927865/trump-epa-ready-to-throw-down-gauntlet-on-calif-auto-emissions\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> recent moves to scale back\u003c/a> California’s CAFE standards and the latest announcement to roll back Obama-era methane emission rules. Brown pointed out that the most potent “short-term” pollutants, such as methane, black carbon and HFCs, are must-solve problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Liar? Criminal? Fool? Pick your choice,” said Brown, when asked how he thinks Trump will be remembered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown and Bloomberg held the press conference to draw attention to \u003ca href=\"https://www.americaspledgeonclimate.com/fulfilling-americas-pledge/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the report they released\u003c/a> yesterday, entitled “America’s Pledge,” which lays out a “roadmap” of 10 strategies it says can help the U.S. get most of the way to honoring the emissions reduction targets it committed to in Paris in 2015. (That goal: to cut back on U.S. carbon emissions by up to 28 percent from 2005 levels, by 2025.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have market forces at our back and we have the public at our side, so I ike our chances,” said Bloomberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED Science reporter\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1931085/cities-states-claim-they-can-make-major-climate-gains-on-their-own\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Craig Miller writes tha\u003c/a>t the report “projects that despite a retreat by the federal government, a serious push from the bottom-up could put the U.S. within reach of its Paris emissions goals by 2025.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Coal Takes Center Stage At the Global Climate Action Summit",
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"content": "\u003cp>It may say something about the ascendancy of fracking — and the endurance of natural gas — that most of the energy-related commitments at Thursday’s Global Climate Action Summit have been about coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the conference on Thursday, Minnesota, Connecticut, Hawaii and New York announced they have joined the \u003ca href=\"https://poweringpastcoal.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Powering Past Coal Alliance\u003c/a>, a coalition of countries, states and cities that are taking voluntary steps to power down coal-fired power plants and to stop importing energy powered by such plants. The Alliance also includes places like Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and the Balearic Islands in Spain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No Chinese cities are Alliance members; the country is still building coal-fired power plants in earnest, though Xie Zhenhua, Special Representative on Climate Change Affairs, made a speech on Thursday reiterating the country’s commitment to seeing its CO2 emissions peak by 2030 (in line with the Paris Agreement).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Simply demanding that plants be shut down with no plan for the people who are put out of work… poisons the political will.’\u003ccite>Richard Trumka, AFL-CIO president\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/china/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Climate Action Tracker\u003c/a> says that won’t be nearly fast or aggressive enough to limit global warming under 2°C and avert catastrophe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Places like Hawaii, which have only one unpopular coal plant, are low-hanging fruit for commitments like these. If Wyoming, Kentucky or West Virginia were to join, that would really move the needle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Coal Workers and the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AFL-CIO President Richard Trumka helped the audience peer into a future where former coal workers could find solidarity with environmental advocates — if it were handled right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not enough to call for an end to coal without thinking strategically about what comes after that. In other words, telling coal workers to go learn to code, or something else equally pie-in-the-sky, is an insult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The fastest and most equitable way to address climate change is for labor to be at the center of creating solutions that reduce emissions while investing in our communities, maintaining and creating high-wage union jobs and reducing poverty. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/LaborClimate?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#LaborClimate\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Richard L. Trumka (@RichardTrumka) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RichardTrumka/status/1039929081180119040?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">September 12, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“I understand that many are frustrated with the pace of action on climate change,” says Trumka, who is a third-generation coal worker. “But simply demanding that plants be shut down with no plan for the people who are put out of work, no call for shared sacrifice, and no dialogue or solidarity with those whose lives are dependent on carbon-based fuel — that poisons the political will.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AFL-CIO, which represents the United Mine Workers, passed a strongly-worded\u003ca href=\"https://aflcio.org/resolutions/resolution-55-climate-change-energy-and-union-jobs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> resolution urging\u003c/a> Congress to “enact comprehensive energy and climate legislation that creates good jobs and addresses the threat of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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