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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11570\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11570\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService-e1390933037349.jpg\" alt=\"A parched Folsom Lake, at less than 20 percent of capacity (photo courtesy of National Weather Service).\" width=\"600\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService-e1390933037349.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService-e1390933037349-400x209.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService-e1390933037349-320x167.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A parched Folsom Lake, at less than 20 percent of capacity (photo courtesy of National Weather Service).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This is not a good time for California's umbrella industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2013 was one of the driest years on record in the state. And January -- usually among the wettest months -- has failed to provide any relief. With the precipitous drop in reservoir levels, Gov. Jerry Brown recently declared a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18368\" target=\"_blank\">statewide drought emergency\u003c/a>, calling this \"perhaps the worst drought California has ever seen since records began being kept about 100 years ago.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/drought-map-large.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-11571\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/drought-map-large-300x231.jpg\" alt=\"drought-map-large\" width=\"300\" height=\"231\">\u003c/a>The declaration outlines 20 different drought condition measures, one of which calls for the Department of Water Resources to execute a statewide conservation campaign, urging residents and businesses to voluntarily reduce water consumption by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that begs two important questions: how much water does the average Californian actually consume and what would a 20 percent reduction look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a hard figure to quantify, and estimates vary widely. For one, while indoor residential water use is relatively steady throughout the state, outdoor use -- primarily for landscape irrigation -- varies dramatically, with homes in arid inland regions consuming significantly more water than those in coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"There are large variations across the state,\" notes Peter Bostrom from the California Department of Water Resources. \"O\u003c/span>utdoor use could be 25 percent [of a household's use] in Santa Cruz and 80 percent is Coachella ... 15 percent of users account for 60 percent of overuse in landscape irrigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11527\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/statewide-water.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11527 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/statewide-water-300x330.png\" alt=\"Source: California Dept. of Water Resources_Water Plan (2009)\" width=\"273\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Dept. of Water Resources; Water Plan (2009)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Additionally, estimates are typically represented as gallons per capita per day (gcpd), in which water use in each of the state's 10 hydraulic regions is divided by population (see map at right). These calculations, however, generally factor in each region's total water consumption, which includes residential water use as well as commercial and industrial uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the best ways to get a handle on your own household's water consumption is by scrutinizing your water bill, which usually includes the number of gallons used that month. Additionally, a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.saveourh20.org/\" target=\"_blank\">state website\u003c/a> provides a calculator for estimating your personal water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An often-cited 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.irwd.com/images/pdf/save-water/CaSingleFamilyWaterUseEfficiencyStudyJune2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> of California single-family water consumption estimated that the average California household used more than 360 gallons of water per day. To put that in perspective, the typical office water cooler holds 5 gallons, or about 1.4 percent of the study's estimated daily average household use. Given that figure, the average house in California would need to use 72 fewer gallons a day to meet the 20 percent reduction goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which was sponsored by CDWR and managed by the Irvine Ranch Water District, logged water consumption in the year 2007 for 735 homes spread across the state's 10 hydraulic regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that about 53 percent of total average household water use -- or more than 190 gallons per household per day -- was used for landscaping and other outdoor uses (remember, this is only the state average -- most cities in the Bay Area use significantly less).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Indoor use accounted for more than 170 gallons per household per day. Not surprisingly, the most in-home water consumption was in toilet flushes. A more shocking finding, however, was the whopping 18 percent lost to leaks inside homes, the study found. Data from the study is represented in the charts below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/infographic-76744\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/infographic-99131\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Bostrom from CDWR claims that \u003c/span>voluntary water reduction campaigns have proven to be quite effective during past droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've found in general that when the call goes out, people respond very well to drought messaging,\" he says, referring to successful reduction campaigns during the 2007-2009 drought. \"It's gotta be a coordinated message with water suppliers reminding people of the shortage and need for water conservation. And suppliers build that [reduction] into their drought planning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 8 simple tips on conserving water, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/20/123932/eight-simple-ways-to-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\">recent post on KQED's News Fix\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11570\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11570\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService-e1390933037349.jpg\" alt=\"A parched Folsom Lake, at less than 20 percent of capacity (photo courtesy of National Weather Service).\" width=\"600\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService-e1390933037349.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService-e1390933037349-400x209.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/folsom_Nat.WeatherService-e1390933037349-320x167.jpg 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A parched Folsom Lake, at less than 20 percent of capacity (photo courtesy of National Weather Service).\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>This is not a good time for California's umbrella industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2013 was one of the driest years on record in the state. And January -- usually among the wettest months -- has failed to provide any relief. With the precipitous drop in reservoir levels, Gov. Jerry Brown recently declared a \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=18368\" target=\"_blank\">statewide drought emergency\u003c/a>, calling this \"perhaps the worst drought California has ever seen since records began being kept about 100 years ago.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/drought-map-large.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignright size-medium wp-image-11571\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/drought-map-large-300x231.jpg\" alt=\"drought-map-large\" width=\"300\" height=\"231\">\u003c/a>The declaration outlines 20 different drought condition measures, one of which calls for the Department of Water Resources to execute a statewide conservation campaign, urging residents and businesses to voluntarily reduce water consumption by 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that begs two important questions: how much water does the average Californian actually consume and what would a 20 percent reduction look like?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a hard figure to quantify, and estimates vary widely. For one, while indoor residential water use is relatively steady throughout the state, outdoor use -- primarily for landscape irrigation -- varies dramatically, with homes in arid inland regions consuming significantly more water than those in coastal areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>\"There are large variations across the state,\" notes Peter Bostrom from the California Department of Water Resources. \"O\u003c/span>utdoor use could be 25 percent [of a household's use] in Santa Cruz and 80 percent is Coachella ... 15 percent of users account for 60 percent of overuse in landscape irrigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11527\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 273px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/statewide-water.png\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11527 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/statewide-water-300x330.png\" alt=\"Source: California Dept. of Water Resources_Water Plan (2009)\" width=\"273\" height=\"300\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: California Dept. of Water Resources; Water Plan (2009)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Additionally, estimates are typically represented as gallons per capita per day (gcpd), in which water use in each of the state's 10 hydraulic regions is divided by population (see map at right). These calculations, however, generally factor in each region's total water consumption, which includes residential water use as well as commercial and industrial uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the best ways to get a handle on your own household's water consumption is by scrutinizing your water bill, which usually includes the number of gallons used that month. Additionally, a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.saveourh20.org/\" target=\"_blank\">state website\u003c/a> provides a calculator for estimating your personal water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An often-cited 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.irwd.com/images/pdf/save-water/CaSingleFamilyWaterUseEfficiencyStudyJune2011.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">study\u003c/a> of California single-family water consumption estimated that the average California household used more than 360 gallons of water per day. To put that in perspective, the typical office water cooler holds 5 gallons, or about 1.4 percent of the study's estimated daily average household use. Given that figure, the average house in California would need to use 72 fewer gallons a day to meet the 20 percent reduction goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, which was sponsored by CDWR and managed by the Irvine Ranch Water District, logged water consumption in the year 2007 for 735 homes spread across the state's 10 hydraulic regions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study found that about 53 percent of total average household water use -- or more than 190 gallons per household per day -- was used for landscaping and other outdoor uses (remember, this is only the state average -- most cities in the Bay Area use significantly less).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Indoor use accounted for more than 170 gallons per household per day. Not surprisingly, the most in-home water consumption was in toilet flushes. A more shocking finding, however, was the whopping 18 percent lost to leaks inside homes, the study found. Data from the study is represented in the charts below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/infographic-76744\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"border: none\" src=\"//e.infogr.am/infographic-99131\" width=\"600\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan>Bostrom from CDWR claims that \u003c/span>voluntary water reduction campaigns have proven to be quite effective during past droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've found in general that when the call goes out, people respond very well to drought messaging,\" he says, referring to successful reduction campaigns during the 2007-2009 drought. \"It's gotta be a coordinated message with water suppliers reminding people of the shortage and need for water conservation. And suppliers build that [reduction] into their drought planning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 8 simple tips on conserving water, check out this \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/20/123932/eight-simple-ways-to-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\">recent post on KQED's News Fix\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Serious Is the California Drought? These Satellite Images Say It All",
"title": "How Serious Is the California Drought? These Satellite Images Say It All",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/0125-SierraNevada_CA_drought.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11642 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/0125-SierraNevada_CA_drought.gif\" alt=\"0125-SierraNevada_CA_drought\" width=\"540\" height=\"388\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA satellite imagery comparing California's snowpack in January 2013 to January 2014. GIF animation created by Rhett A. Butler_Mongabay.com.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>If you live in California, snowpack is a pretty crucial part of your existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because about a third of the state's water supply comes from snow that accumulates in the mountains, mostly during the winter months. In fact, California receives roughly half of its entire year's water supply between December and February alone.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's why there is very reasonable cause for alarm this year, as Gov. Jerry Brown underscored in his recent emergency drought declaration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although 2013 turned out to be one of California's driest years on record, it began, at least, with a relatively solid layer of snow cover in the mountains. 2014, on the other hand, has started out far less auspiciously, as these NASA satellite images make clear. On the heels of two years of below-normal precipitation in the state, this winter's warm, dry conditions with anemic snow accumulation have given way to bare mountains and brown landscapes. With snowpack this month between 10 and 30 percent of its normal level, January 2014 will likely go down as California's driest January on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 265px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/SierraNevada_tmo_2014018.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/SierraNevada_tmo_2014018-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"NASA satellite image from Jan. 18, 2014.\" width=\"265\" height=\"176\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA satellite image from Jan. 18, 2014.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11650\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 265px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/SierraNevada_tmo_2013018.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11650\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/SierraNevada_tmo_2013018-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"NASA satellite image from Jan. 18, 2013.\" width=\"265\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA satellite image from Jan. 18, 2013.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Captured from NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://terra.nasa.gov/\">Terra\u003c/a> satellite and published on the agency's \u003ca href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82910\" target=\"_blank\">Earth Observatory site\u003c/a>, the two images contrast conditions from January 18 of this year and last year. The photos speak for themselves: this year, the Sierra Nevada range has only a tiny fraction of the snow it had last year, and the Coast Range and Cascade Mountains are now pretty much dry to the bone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA notes, however, that there is room for some optimism, as much of an entire year's snowpack can originate from just a few major weather events (as was the case in 2013). One or two major storms, which could still be in the cards for the remaining months this winter, would likely contribute heartily to the state's dwindling water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The images also show a sharp, albeit more subtle, contrast in the condition of the vegetation west of the Sierra Nevada range. As the description on the site explains:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In 2013—a year into the drought—the central valley was green with growing crops. The coastal hills were also green from winter rain. In 2014, everything west of the forested mountains is brown. Even irrigated agriculture in the center of the state appears to be limited compared to 2013 ... Under such conditions, California may be prone to water shortages, crop loss and the loss of farm jobs, and increased wildfires, warned the emergency proclamation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/0125-SierraNevada_CA_drought.gif\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11642 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/0125-SierraNevada_CA_drought.gif\" alt=\"0125-SierraNevada_CA_drought\" width=\"540\" height=\"388\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA satellite imagery comparing California's snowpack in January 2013 to January 2014. GIF animation created by Rhett A. Butler_Mongabay.com.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>If you live in California, snowpack is a pretty crucial part of your existence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because about a third of the state's water supply comes from snow that accumulates in the mountains, mostly during the winter months. In fact, California receives roughly half of its entire year's water supply between December and February alone.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's why there is very reasonable cause for alarm this year, as Gov. Jerry Brown underscored in his recent emergency drought declaration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although 2013 turned out to be one of California's driest years on record, it began, at least, with a relatively solid layer of snow cover in the mountains. 2014, on the other hand, has started out far less auspiciously, as these NASA satellite images make clear. On the heels of two years of below-normal precipitation in the state, this winter's warm, dry conditions with anemic snow accumulation have given way to bare mountains and brown landscapes. With snowpack this month between 10 and 30 percent of its normal level, January 2014 will likely go down as California's driest January on record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 265px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/SierraNevada_tmo_2014018.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/SierraNevada_tmo_2014018-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"NASA satellite image from Jan. 18, 2014.\" width=\"265\" height=\"176\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA satellite image from Jan. 18, 2014.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11650\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 265px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/SierraNevada_tmo_2013018.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11650\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2014/01/SierraNevada_tmo_2013018-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"NASA satellite image from Jan. 18, 2013.\" width=\"265\" height=\"177\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">NASA satellite image from Jan. 18, 2013.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Captured from NASA’s \u003ca href=\"http://terra.nasa.gov/\">Terra\u003c/a> satellite and published on the agency's \u003ca href=\"http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=82910\" target=\"_blank\">Earth Observatory site\u003c/a>, the two images contrast conditions from January 18 of this year and last year. The photos speak for themselves: this year, the Sierra Nevada range has only a tiny fraction of the snow it had last year, and the Coast Range and Cascade Mountains are now pretty much dry to the bone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA notes, however, that there is room for some optimism, as much of an entire year's snowpack can originate from just a few major weather events (as was the case in 2013). One or two major storms, which could still be in the cards for the remaining months this winter, would likely contribute heartily to the state's dwindling water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The images also show a sharp, albeit more subtle, contrast in the condition of the vegetation west of the Sierra Nevada range. As the description on the site explains:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In 2013—a year into the drought—the central valley was green with growing crops. The coastal hills were also green from winter rain. In 2014, everything west of the forested mountains is brown. Even irrigated agriculture in the center of the state appears to be limited compared to 2013 ... Under such conditions, California may be prone to water shortages, crop loss and the loss of farm jobs, and increased wildfires, warned the emergency proclamation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>Donning a gas mask, a demonstrator participates in the first Earth Day celebration in 1970. (AP)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>Quick quiz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1. Which labor organization helped fund and organize the first Earth Day celebration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2. Who said this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Restoring nature to its natural state is a cause beyond party and beyond factions … It is a cause \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/21/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"rssmi_more\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/04/21/earth-day-a-brief-history/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"A Brief History of Earth Day\" rel=\"noopener\">The Lowdown – Green Space\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Hikers Use Smartphones to Capture Fire Recovery on Mt. Diablo",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16865\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Hikers are helping document landscape recovery after the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hikers are using smartphones to document landscape recovery after the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mt. Diablo State Park is making a gradual recovery after the Morgan Fire burned more than 3,000 acres in the area last September. A citizen science group is asking local hikers to help document that recovery with their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge burned swath still covers one side of the mountain, but green shoots are starting to come through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are starting to grow especially now that we’ve that little bit of rain,” says Dan Rademacher, a co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/index.html\">Nerds for Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The all-volunteer group blends technology and the outdoors through projects like using drones to \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/bioblitz/\">document biodiversity\u003c/a> in Lake Merritt. They’ve posted \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/monitor-change/diablo.html\">a series of signs\u003c/a> along Mt. Diablo’s Summit Trail, designed to turn hikers into citizen scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been taking pictures,” says hiker Celia Mason of Danville, coming across the signs. “I came up here right up here after the fire and was just devastated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire3.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Rademacher of Nerds for Nature demonstrates how the citizen science project works on Mt. Diablo. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"340\" height=\"304\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Rademacher of Nerds for Nature demonstrates how the citizen science project works on Mt. Diablo. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The signs have an L-shaped bracket where hikers can place their smartphones to snap a picture. That way all the photos of the burned area are taken from the same angle. Then, they upload the photos to Flickr, Twitter or Instagram with a special hashtag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, it’s really cool and I’m really interested in the wildflowers that will be triggered by the fire,” says Mason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rademacher says they’re hoping to get hundreds of photos by the end of year to \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/monitor-change/diablo.html\">document the landscape’s recovery over time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically the hikers on these trails become a sort of distributed remote sensing network to create a time lapse of fire recovery here,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photos could also contribute to scientific studies being done on the recovery. A group of biologists and botanists has also volunteered to monitor the return of plants, mammals and reptiles in three ecosystems on Mt. Diablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With fire suppression, fires aren’t as common as they should be naturally and people are excited when they can study what that natural cycle is,” says Anne Larsen, one of the volunteer botanists. “Months later, it’s green. It’s amazing to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16871\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire4.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16871\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire4.jpg\" alt=\"Plants emerge in the remnants of the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"315\" height=\"309\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants emerge in the remnants of the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Larsen says she’s seeing annual plants like whispering bells, manroots and poppies emerging because of the light and nutrients created by the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is cool about the camera-stand project is that it’s capturing what we’re doing but at a higher level,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can’t get out here every day,” Rademacher says. “There are hikers out here every day. So citizen science can supplement the professional science that’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is just one example of how smartphones are becoming part of the scientific data collection process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more it’s species tracking or using social media to calculate the economic value of recreation in parks to help with quantifying climate change impact,” Rademacher says. “So there are a lot of different ways that mobile social media can turn into science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/diablosliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"520\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Two photos taken in February and April at a citizen science monitoring station on Mt. Diablo show the fire recovery. (Images: Marie Cerda and Ken-ichi Ueda)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16865\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire2-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16865\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire2-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"Hikers are helping document landscape recovery after the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hikers are using smartphones to document landscape recovery after the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mt. Diablo State Park is making a gradual recovery after the Morgan Fire burned more than 3,000 acres in the area last September. A citizen science group is asking local hikers to help document that recovery with their smartphones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A huge burned swath still covers one side of the mountain, but green shoots are starting to come through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things are starting to grow especially now that we’ve that little bit of rain,” says Dan Rademacher, a co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/index.html\">Nerds for Nature\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The all-volunteer group blends technology and the outdoors through projects like using drones to \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/bioblitz/\">document biodiversity\u003c/a> in Lake Merritt. They’ve posted \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/monitor-change/diablo.html\">a series of signs\u003c/a> along Mt. Diablo’s Summit Trail, designed to turn hikers into citizen scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been taking pictures,” says hiker Celia Mason of Danville, coming across the signs. “I came up here right up here after the fire and was just devastated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16868\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 340px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16868\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire3.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Rademacher of Nerds for Nature demonstrates how the citizen science project works on Mt. Diablo. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"340\" height=\"304\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Rademacher of Nerds for Nature demonstrates how the citizen science project works on Mt. Diablo. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The signs have an L-shaped bracket where hikers can place their smartphones to snap a picture. That way all the photos of the burned area are taken from the same angle. Then, they upload the photos to Flickr, Twitter or Instagram with a special hashtag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, it’s really cool and I’m really interested in the wildflowers that will be triggered by the fire,” says Mason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rademacher says they’re hoping to get hundreds of photos by the end of year to \u003ca href=\"http://nerdsfornature.org/monitor-change/diablo.html\">document the landscape’s recovery over time\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically the hikers on these trails become a sort of distributed remote sensing network to create a time lapse of fire recovery here,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photos could also contribute to scientific studies being done on the recovery. A group of biologists and botanists has also volunteered to monitor the return of plants, mammals and reptiles in three ecosystems on Mt. Diablo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With fire suppression, fires aren’t as common as they should be naturally and people are excited when they can study what that natural cycle is,” says Anne Larsen, one of the volunteer botanists. “Months later, it’s green. It’s amazing to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16871\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 315px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire4.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16871\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/fire4.jpg\" alt=\"Plants emerge in the remnants of the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\" width=\"315\" height=\"309\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plants emerge in the remnants of the Morgan Fire. (Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Larsen says she’s seeing annual plants like whispering bells, manroots and poppies emerging because of the light and nutrients created by the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is cool about the camera-stand project is that it’s capturing what we’re doing but at a higher level,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They can’t get out here every day,” Rademacher says. “There are hikers out here every day. So citizen science can supplement the professional science that’s going on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is just one example of how smartphones are becoming part of the scientific data collection process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more it’s species tracking or using social media to calculate the economic value of recreation in parks to help with quantifying climate change impact,” Rademacher says. “So there are a lot of different ways that mobile social media can turn into science.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/imageslider/diablosliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"520\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Two photos taken in February and April at a citizen science monitoring station on Mt. Diablo show the fire recovery. (Images: Marie Cerda and Ken-ichi Ueda)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Now you can easily figure out the impact that pollution is having on your neighborhood or workplace. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/23/map-air-pollution-california/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"rssmi_more\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/23/map-air-pollution-california/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"New Interactive Map: How Polluted Is Census Tract Where You Live or Work?\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "In California Drought, Desperation May Make Water Flow Uphill",
"headTitle": "In California Drought, Desperation May Make Water Flow Uphill | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16802\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS3913_CA_aqueduct_dosamigos20120712b-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16802\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS3913_CA_aqueduct_dosamigos20120712b-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct could flow backwards during the drought. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct could flow backward, starting this summer. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desperate times call for desperate measures, and California’s severe drought is already inspiring a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts in the San Joaquin Valley are proposing a drought tactic that’s never been tried: they want to reverse the state’s plumbing by running the California Aqueduct backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aqueduct is the main artery of the state’s water system. It stretches more than 400 miles, connecting the northern part of the state, where most of the rain falls, to the southern half of the state, where most of the demand for water resides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was built a half century ago, when California engineered its huge network of reservoirs and canals. The aqueduct was designed to go in one direction – north to south. Until now, that is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a year where I’m doing a lot of things I’ve never seen in my career,” says Jim Beck, general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcwa.com/\">Kern County Water Agency\u003c/a>, which provides water to 13 districts in the southern Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is putting together a plan to run up to 47 miles of the California Aqueduct backward, something unheard of in any other year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It really shows how desperate a situation we’re in.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It really shows how desperate a situation we’re in,” he says. “Our water users are looking for any additional water they can find.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several agricultural water districts, including Lost Hills, Berrenda Mesa, and Belridge Water Storage District, are in a tight spot this year because their sole water supply comes down the aqueduct via the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\">State Water Project\u003c/a>. Given the lack of rain and emaciated Sierra snowpack, state officials have warned that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\">districts will only be getting five percent\u003c/a> of their normal deliveries. And that water won’t flow until September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without water from the State Water Project, they are 100 percent reliant on other sources of water to keep their trees alive and permanent crops, which make the majority of farmland in those areas,” says Beck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reversing the aqueduct would provide water for those northern water districts. The water would have to fight gravity, because the aqueduct runs ever-so-slightly downhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we can even consider this is the slope of the California aqueduct is so gradual,” Beck explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to twelve diesel pumps, each the size of a large truck engine, would be installed temporarily. All together, they could move almost 8 million gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is that we’d get them installed at the beginning of summer and really meet a significant need of our growers,” says Beck. The project could be in place by July 1 and would cost up to $10 million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County is considering the plan because of the large water supply stored in their \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/water-banks-a-hedge-against-shrinking-supplies-in-a-changing-climate/\">groundwater banks\u003c/a>. The banks are essentially underground reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”c1d5c9972969da13e2d72b22fcfed85e”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got groundwater, probably at about 175 feet and going down about a foot a week,” says Harry Starkey, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wkwd.org/\">West Kern Water District\u003c/a>, walking across a field in southeast Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His district is just one of many that use the groundwater bank. In wet years, they recharge the groundwater basin with extra surface water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just spread it out over the land and it infiltrates at about a half a foot per day, generally,” he says. Then, the water is pumped out in dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a like a bank,” Starkey says. “Everybody has their own little savings account here and they have their name on it. The water is metered going in and coming out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts north of the groundwater bank aren’t close enough to the “ATM,” so to speak. During a normal year, they’re able to use the bank by doing a “water swap.” The water districts let another district use water they’ve stored in the bank. They then take that’s district’s water directly from the California Aqueduct — when there’s water to be had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Department of Water Resources, which runs the aqueduct, has yet to sign off on the “pump-back plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly it will work, but there have to be certain conditions met,” says Carl Torgersen, deputy director for the State Water Project. “Any of the downstream users cannot be injured or harmed by this.” The local air quality board will also review the emissions from the diesel pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torgersen says the project is only one of the unusual ideas being floated this year to cope with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our director recently sent out a notice to the various state contractors that we certainly are, in fact, open to any ideas that they might have that we can accomplish,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s Sierra snowpack melting quickly, getting creative is more of a necessity than a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Section of California Aqueduct that could be reversed:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://mapsengine.google.com/11137729332268576461-08112974690991164587-4/widget/in_iframe\" width=\"80%\" height=\"600px\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/146130483&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct, the main artery of the state's water system, could be engineered to flow backward this summer.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16802\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS3913_CA_aqueduct_dosamigos20120712b-1024x576.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-16802\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/RS3913_CA_aqueduct_dosamigos20120712b-1024x576.jpg\" alt=\"A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct could flow backwards during the drought. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A 47-mile section of the California Aqueduct could flow backward, starting this summer. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Desperate times call for desperate measures, and California’s severe drought is already inspiring a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts in the San Joaquin Valley are proposing a drought tactic that’s never been tried: they want to reverse the state’s plumbing by running the California Aqueduct backwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The aqueduct is the main artery of the state’s water system. It stretches more than 400 miles, connecting the northern part of the state, where most of the rain falls, to the southern half of the state, where most of the demand for water resides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was built a half century ago, when California engineered its huge network of reservoirs and canals. The aqueduct was designed to go in one direction – north to south. Until now, that is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a year where I’m doing a lot of things I’ve never seen in my career,” says Jim Beck, general manager of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcwa.com/\">Kern County Water Agency\u003c/a>, which provides water to 13 districts in the southern Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is putting together a plan to run up to 47 miles of the California Aqueduct backward, something unheard of in any other year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“It really shows how desperate a situation we’re in.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It really shows how desperate a situation we’re in,” he says. “Our water users are looking for any additional water they can find.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several agricultural water districts, including Lost Hills, Berrenda Mesa, and Belridge Water Storage District, are in a tight spot this year because their sole water supply comes down the aqueduct via the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\">State Water Project\u003c/a>. Given the lack of rain and emaciated Sierra snowpack, state officials have warned that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\">districts will only be getting five percent\u003c/a> of their normal deliveries. And that water won’t flow until September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without water from the State Water Project, they are 100 percent reliant on other sources of water to keep their trees alive and permanent crops, which make the majority of farmland in those areas,” says Beck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reversing the aqueduct would provide water for those northern water districts. The water would have to fight gravity, because the aqueduct runs ever-so-slightly downhill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we can even consider this is the slope of the California aqueduct is so gradual,” Beck explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to twelve diesel pumps, each the size of a large truck engine, would be installed temporarily. All together, they could move almost 8 million gallons of water a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our hope is that we’d get them installed at the beginning of summer and really meet a significant need of our growers,” says Beck. The project could be in place by July 1 and would cost up to $10 million dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County is considering the plan because of the large water supply stored in their \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/water-banks-a-hedge-against-shrinking-supplies-in-a-changing-climate/\">groundwater banks\u003c/a>. The banks are essentially underground reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got groundwater, probably at about 175 feet and going down about a foot a week,” says Harry Starkey, general manager of \u003ca href=\"http://www.wkwd.org/\">West Kern Water District\u003c/a>, walking across a field in southeast Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His district is just one of many that use the groundwater bank. In wet years, they recharge the groundwater basin with extra surface water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just spread it out over the land and it infiltrates at about a half a foot per day, generally,” he says. Then, the water is pumped out in dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just a like a bank,” Starkey says. “Everybody has their own little savings account here and they have their name on it. The water is metered going in and coming out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts north of the groundwater bank aren’t close enough to the “ATM,” so to speak. During a normal year, they’re able to use the bank by doing a “water swap.” The water districts let another district use water they’ve stored in the bank. They then take that’s district’s water directly from the California Aqueduct — when there’s water to be had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Department of Water Resources, which runs the aqueduct, has yet to sign off on the “pump-back plan.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly it will work, but there have to be certain conditions met,” says Carl Torgersen, deputy director for the State Water Project. “Any of the downstream users cannot be injured or harmed by this.” The local air quality board will also review the emissions from the diesel pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torgersen says the project is only one of the unusual ideas being floated this year to cope with the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our director recently sent out a notice to the various state contractors that we certainly are, in fact, open to any ideas that they might have that we can accomplish,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this year’s Sierra snowpack melting quickly, getting creative is more of a necessity than a choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Section of California Aqueduct that could be reversed:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://mapsengine.google.com/11137729332268576461-08112974690991164587-4/widget/in_iframe\" width=\"80%\" height=\"600px\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/146130483&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Edging Closer to Regulating Groundwater for the First Time",
"headTitle": "California Edging Closer to Regulating Groundwater for the First Time | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16770\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Irrigation_1764.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16770\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16770\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Irrigation_1764.jpg\" alt=\"An irrigation ditch in the Central Valley. When surface water is scarce, farmers pump more groundwater to make up the difference. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An irrigation ditch in the Central Valley. When surface water is scarce, farmers pump more groundwater to make up the difference. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We hear a great deal about California’s reliance on its “frozen reservoir,” a reference to the (currently anemic) Sierra snowpack. We hear a lot less about the Golden State’s \u003cem>invisible\u003c/em> reservoir, the water that resides in underground aquifers beneath our feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about to change. Today, state Sen. Fran Pavley (D-Agoura Hills) puts a trio of water conservation bills before her Natural Resources and Water Committee, the centerpiece of which (SB 1168) is a frontal assault on the management of California’s groundwater, which, compared to other western states, is almost unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought appears to be putting a new level of pressure on the groundwater debate. Cutbacks in state and federal water allocations have unleashed a \u003ca title=\"Bakersfield Californian - post\" href=\"http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/news/business/California-drought-spawns-well-drilling-boom-255206371.html\">drilling frenzy\u003c/a> for water wells, and parts of the San Joaquin Valley are actually \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_25447586/california-drought-san-joaquin-valley-sinking-farmers-race\">sinking from groundwater depletion\u003c/a> below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The single most critical element in achieving [water] sustainability in California is groundwater,” Lester Snow told members of the \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - main\" href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a> at a hearing last week. Snow would know. For years he was the state’s chief water manager and now heads the relatively new \u003ca title=\"CWF - main\" href=\"http://www.californiawaterfoundation.org/\">California Water Foundation\u003c/a>, a non-profit devoted, as he describes it, to “achieving sustainable water management” in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquiferaside.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquiferaside.jpg\" alt=\"aquiferaside\" width=\"290\" height=\"222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">So what, exactly, is an aquifer? Click image to see full infographic.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a good year, which is to say “wet,” Snow says that groundwater provides about 40 percent of the state’s water supply. In dry years, like this one, we lean on aquifers for 60 percent of our water (up from 40 percent as recently as 2 to 3 years ago).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Effectively managed, it is the single biggest mechanism that gives us the flexibility to deal with the vagaries of our water system in California,” said Snow. “And if we can not get our hands around that, we will not have a sustainable water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some, especially in farm country, are more than a little spooked by what getting our hands around it might entail. If you want to see farmers and ranchers turn ornery, make like you’re a state bureaucrat going after their water — or their right to pump as much as they need out of the ground. So as the battle lines begin to form, here are some key points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the only western state that doesn’t exercise some degree of control over its groundwater. But how much control is too much? Matt Conant, a walnut grower in Sutter County, articulated the greatest fear of many in the ag community: “I’m afraid that the state will come in and try to over-regulate groundwater and surface water,” he told me outside a recent hearing of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Orth, who sits on the groundwater task force at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a>, says leaving it entirely in local hands may not be enough, especially when local and regional agencies are falling down on the job. “In those instances, we believe the state board should step in,” says Orth. “It creates, frankly, some bit of incentive for the locals to get together and get it right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a fairly bold statement, coming from an organization that has, in the past, taken a firm stand against groundwater regulation. But Orth says times are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A year ago it was, ‘This is mine and I don’t want anybody to mess with my personal property right,'” he says. “Today, I think more and more people are recognizing that we have a choice; we can either let this continue to be managed in a somewhat insufficient way in some regions and see significant economic loss, or we can more effectively manage it and do so in coordination with the state, so we can protect that groundwater resource for decades to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in April, ACWA \u003ca title=\"ACWA - policy paper\" href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/groundwater/acwa-recommendations-achieving-groundwater-sustainability\">proposed one of the most comprehensive blueprints\u003c/a> yet for protecting the state’s aquifers. Pavley’s bill is likely to draw on that. The harmonic convergence only extends so far, however. As Jim Beck at the Kern County Water Agency told KQED’s Lauren Sommer, “California is not a one-size-fits-all when it comes to any regulation. And we believe groundwater is certainly one of those areas of resource management were local folks really understand what’s best for their area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transparency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a growing chorus insisting that whatever else happens, we need better data, to know what’s going on with our aquifers. Presently there is no coordinated tracking of aquifer health or the volume of water being pumped. Drillers file well completion reports, which can only be accessed by public agencies “conducting studies,” according to state law. But there is precious little information available on how much water those wells are producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conant told me that farmers know from their wells, what’s going on underground. But no one else really does, though scientists have been trying to piece together the big picture with a combination of monitoring wells and satellites that measure ground density. And once the data is gathered for what individual landowners are pumping, who should have access to it? Should it remain on confidential file with public agencies or be available to anyone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pricing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s perhaps the thorniest question of all: whether farmers should pay for water that resides naturally under their own property. They’re already paying for the energy required to pump it to the surface. But now the water wonks are freely tossing around terms like “tiered pricing” and “groundwater management fees.” These are theoretical administrative charges to property owners, possibly based on how much groundwater they pump. [contextly_sidebar id=”841ad067163b293b3c4fb002ef0c62ee”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the regulators can’t make this happen themselves. These ideas will have to coalesce into a groundwater bill that lawmakers can make stick. The current version of the Pavley bill contains a definition of “sustainability” but leaves it up to local districts to determine the volume of groundwater pumping that is sustainable in each are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the lingering uncertainties, even some water policy insiders have expressed surprise at what Jonas Minton of the Planning and Conservation League calls, the “unprecedented consensus” on a possible approach to groundwater management. At that state hearing last week, he pronounced, “This is the year to do it.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16770\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Irrigation_1764.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-16770\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16770\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Irrigation_1764.jpg\" alt=\"An irrigation ditch in the Central Valley. When surface water is scarce, farmers pump more groundwater to make up the difference. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An irrigation ditch in the Central Valley. When surface water is scarce, farmers pump more groundwater to make up the difference. (Craig Miller/KQED) \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We hear a great deal about California’s reliance on its “frozen reservoir,” a reference to the (currently anemic) Sierra snowpack. We hear a lot less about the Golden State’s \u003cem>invisible\u003c/em> reservoir, the water that resides in underground aquifers beneath our feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s about to change. Today, state Sen. Fran Pavley (D-Agoura Hills) puts a trio of water conservation bills before her Natural Resources and Water Committee, the centerpiece of which (SB 1168) is a frontal assault on the management of California’s groundwater, which, compared to other western states, is almost unregulated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought appears to be putting a new level of pressure on the groundwater debate. Cutbacks in state and federal water allocations have unleashed a \u003ca title=\"Bakersfield Californian - post\" href=\"http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/news/business/California-drought-spawns-well-drilling-boom-255206371.html\">drilling frenzy\u003c/a> for water wells, and parts of the San Joaquin Valley are actually \u003ca title=\"Merc - post\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_25447586/california-drought-san-joaquin-valley-sinking-farmers-race\">sinking from groundwater depletion\u003c/a> below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The single most critical element in achieving [water] sustainability in California is groundwater,” Lester Snow told members of the \u003ca title=\"SWRCB - main\" href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a> at a hearing last week. Snow would know. For years he was the state’s chief water manager and now heads the relatively new \u003ca title=\"CWF - main\" href=\"http://www.californiawaterfoundation.org/\">California Water Foundation\u003c/a>, a non-profit devoted, as he describes it, to “achieving sustainable water management” in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16760\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 290px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquiferaside.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16760\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/aquiferaside.jpg\" alt=\"aquiferaside\" width=\"290\" height=\"222\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">So what, exactly, is an aquifer? Click image to see full infographic.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a good year, which is to say “wet,” Snow says that groundwater provides about 40 percent of the state’s water supply. In dry years, like this one, we lean on aquifers for 60 percent of our water (up from 40 percent as recently as 2 to 3 years ago).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Effectively managed, it is the single biggest mechanism that gives us the flexibility to deal with the vagaries of our water system in California,” said Snow. “And if we can not get our hands around that, we will not have a sustainable water supply.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some, especially in farm country, are more than a little spooked by what getting our hands around it might entail. If you want to see farmers and ranchers turn ornery, make like you’re a state bureaucrat going after their water — or their right to pump as much as they need out of the ground. So as the battle lines begin to form, here are some key points.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Intervention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the only western state that doesn’t exercise some degree of control over its groundwater. But how much control is too much? Matt Conant, a walnut grower in Sutter County, articulated the greatest fear of many in the ag community: “I’m afraid that the state will come in and try to over-regulate groundwater and surface water,” he told me outside a recent hearing of the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Orth, who sits on the groundwater task force at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a>, says leaving it entirely in local hands may not be enough, especially when local and regional agencies are falling down on the job. “In those instances, we believe the state board should step in,” says Orth. “It creates, frankly, some bit of incentive for the locals to get together and get it right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a fairly bold statement, coming from an organization that has, in the past, taken a firm stand against groundwater regulation. But Orth says times are changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A year ago it was, ‘This is mine and I don’t want anybody to mess with my personal property right,'” he says. “Today, I think more and more people are recognizing that we have a choice; we can either let this continue to be managed in a somewhat insufficient way in some regions and see significant economic loss, or we can more effectively manage it and do so in coordination with the state, so we can protect that groundwater resource for decades to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in April, ACWA \u003ca title=\"ACWA - policy paper\" href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/groundwater/acwa-recommendations-achieving-groundwater-sustainability\">proposed one of the most comprehensive blueprints\u003c/a> yet for protecting the state’s aquifers. Pavley’s bill is likely to draw on that. The harmonic convergence only extends so far, however. As Jim Beck at the Kern County Water Agency told KQED’s Lauren Sommer, “California is not a one-size-fits-all when it comes to any regulation. And we believe groundwater is certainly one of those areas of resource management were local folks really understand what’s best for their area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transparency\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a growing chorus insisting that whatever else happens, we need better data, to know what’s going on with our aquifers. Presently there is no coordinated tracking of aquifer health or the volume of water being pumped. Drillers file well completion reports, which can only be accessed by public agencies “conducting studies,” according to state law. But there is precious little information available on how much water those wells are producing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conant told me that farmers know from their wells, what’s going on underground. But no one else really does, though scientists have been trying to piece together the big picture with a combination of monitoring wells and satellites that measure ground density. And once the data is gathered for what individual landowners are pumping, who should have access to it? Should it remain on confidential file with public agencies or be available to anyone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pricing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s perhaps the thorniest question of all: whether farmers should pay for water that resides naturally under their own property. They’re already paying for the energy required to pump it to the surface. But now the water wonks are freely tossing around terms like “tiered pricing” and “groundwater management fees.” These are theoretical administrative charges to property owners, possibly based on how much groundwater they pump. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the regulators can’t make this happen themselves. These ideas will have to coalesce into a groundwater bill that lawmakers can make stick. The current version of the Pavley bill contains a definition of “sustainability” but leaves it up to local districts to determine the volume of groundwater pumping that is sustainable in each are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Wildfire Study: Spend on Prevention to Save on Disasters",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/6501scr_74e0f2dda29239a.jpg\" alt=\"Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevada.ca.gov/our-work/mokelumne-watershed-analysis/macafullreport\">new study\u003c/a> from the U. S. Forest Service and two environmental groups finds that investing in forest management could shrink the size of wildfires and save California hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a classic case of pay me now, or pay me a lot more later when the big fires occur,” says David Edelson, the Sierra Nevada Project Director at The Nature Conservancy and a primary author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists from The Nature Conservancy, the Sierra Nevada Conservancy and the Forest Service concluded that forest management can save two to three times what it costs to fight and clean up after fires, and shrink the size and intensity of fires up to 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends two steps to manage forests: Thin the undergrowth by cutting down smaller trees so they won’t be able to carry the fire up into the canopy; and conduct prescribed burns to clear the underbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By having frequent low-severity fires the underbrush and small trees cleared out, and the risk of these kinds of destructive megafires was much lower,” says Edelson. “Currently, we’re robbing Peter to pay Paul. When there’s a huge fire, we take the money away from the pots that are used to reduce wildfire risk. We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest costs of a wildfire come from damage to homes and buildings, clean-up after the fire and the massive amount of carbon dioxide released during the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdl id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 898px\">\n\u003cdd class=\"wp-caption-dd\">Total Costs and Benefits for Fuel Treatment Scenarios\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 888px\">\u003ca style=\"background-color: #f3f3f3;text-align: center\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"888\" height=\"385\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This chart, taken from the report, compares the cost of a fuel treatment program with the money saved by preventing large wildfires, over a 30-year period. The “low” and “high” columns reflect the range of savings.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study drew on 30 years of fire data from the Mokelumne River watershed, an area researchers said is representative of watersheds across the Sierra Nevada. Based on that history, they forecasted the rate and intensity of fires over the next 30 years under two scenarios: with forest management and without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought is drying out soils and leaving trees weakened, conditions that are conducive to megafires, say scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An event such as the Rim Fire would be more likely in these drought condition years because they are more conducive to intense burning,” says Phil Bowden, the Regional Fuels Program Manager for the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">Fire scientists say\u003c/a> a lack of funding combined with a century of fire suppression has left a massive load of undergrowth in the state’s forests. Right now, the U.S. Forest Service takes fire prevention measures on about 150,000 acres of national park land in California each year; its goal is to raise that to 500,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has long been on the agenda at the national level, as well. On April 10, the Obama administration released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=526008\">National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy\u003c/a>, which focuses on fire prevention. For a quick breakdown of its recommendations, check out this Grist \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/news/climate-change-just-reshaped-americas-wildfire-strategy/\">article\u003c/a> by John Upton.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest costs of a wildfire come from damage to homes and buildings, clean-up after the fire and the massive amount of carbon dioxide released during the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdl id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 898px\">\n\u003cdd class=\"wp-caption-dd\">Total Costs and Benefits for Fuel Treatment Scenarios\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 888px\">\u003ca style=\"background-color: #f3f3f3;text-align: center\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"888\" height=\"385\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This chart, taken from the report, compares the cost of a fuel treatment program with the money saved by preventing large wildfires, over a 30-year period. The “low” and “high” columns reflect the range of savings.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study drew on 30 years of fire data from the Mokelumne River watershed, an area researchers said is representative of watersheds across the Sierra Nevada. Based on that history, they forecasted the rate and intensity of fires over the next 30 years under two scenarios: with forest management and without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought is drying out soils and leaving trees weakened, conditions that are conducive to megafires, say scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An event such as the Rim Fire would be more likely in these drought condition years because they are more conducive to intense burning,” says Phil Bowden, the Regional Fuels Program Manager for the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">Fire scientists say\u003c/a> a lack of funding combined with a century of fire suppression has left a massive load of undergrowth in the state’s forests. Right now, the U.S. Forest Service takes fire prevention measures on about 150,000 acres of national park land in California each year; its goal is to raise that to 500,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has long been on the agenda at the national level, as well. On April 10, the Obama administration released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=526008\">National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy\u003c/a>, which focuses on fire prevention. For a quick breakdown of its recommendations, check out this Grist \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/news/climate-change-just-reshaped-americas-wildfire-strategy/\">article\u003c/a> by John Upton.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This week’s news in photos from around the Bay. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/11/news-pix-san-francisco-population-booms-drought-over-time-and-oakland-skatepark/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"rssmi_more\" rel=\"noopener\">…Read More\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/11/news-pix-san-francisco-population-booms-drought-over-time-and-oakland-skatepark/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"News Pix: Drought Update, Oakland Skaters Go Rouge and Victim Rights Week\" rel=\"noopener\">Newsfix – Environment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
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},
"planet-money": {
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