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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Berta Cáceres, a hugely influential Honduran indigenous rights activist, was killed in her hometown of La Esperenza, Intibucá, on Thursday. She would have turned 46 tomorrow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cáceres was awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize after she led a peaceful campaign to stop one of the world’s largest dam builders from pursuing the Agua Zarca Dam, which would have cut off the ethnic Lenca people from water, food and medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Her mother said that Cáceres was killed “because of her struggle.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.laprensa.hn/sucesos/935886-410/polic%C3%ADa-explica-su-ausencia-en-muerte-de-berta-c%C3%A1ceres\">La Prensa of Honduras reports\u003c/a> that Cáceres was currently working to stop a company from building a hydroelectric dam on the Gualcarque river, which the Rio Blanco community said would fundamentally change their way of life. Authorities, the paper reports, said she was killed during a robbery, but her mother said that Cáceres was killed “because of her struggle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cáceres had faced threats for her environmental activism. So much so that the the InterAmerican Commission for Human Rights had called on the government of Honduras to provide her with protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>La Prensa\u003c/em> reports that police say Cáceres was killed at a house they were not surveilling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were protecting her old home at Villa El Calvario, but she had not reported this new house to authorities,” Police Commissioner Sergio Paz Bueso told the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, COPINH, the indigenous rights group that Cáceres worked for, characterized her murder as an “assassination.” The group said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In the last few weeks, violence and repression towards Berta, COPINH, and the communities they support, had escalated. In Rio Blanco on February 20th, Berta, COPINH, and the community of Rio Blanco faced threats and repression as they carried out a peaceful action to protect the River Gualcarque against the construction of a hydroelectric dam by the internationally-financed Honduran company DESA. As a result of COPINH’s work supporting the Rio Blanco struggle, Berta had received countless threats against her life and was granted precautionary measures by the InterAmerican Commission for Human Rights. On February 25th, another Lenca community supported by COPINH in Guise, Intibuca was violently evicted and destroyed.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/goldmanprize/status/705434278037852160\">In a tweet\u003c/a>, the Goldman Prize said it was “devastated to hear of Berta Cáceres’ assassination.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Cáceres is survived by her four children — ages 26, 24, 23 and 21 — and her mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about Cáceres’ work, watch this five minute video about her struggle to \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/119605012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stop the construction of Agua Zarca dam\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Berta+C%C3%A1ceres%2C+Honduran+Indigenous+Rights+Leader%2C+Is+Murdered+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The names of some of Yosemite National Park's most iconic attractions are changing Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/14/yosemite-to-change-historic-names-in-trademark-dispute\" target=\"_blank\">announced that it would change the names\u003c/a> of Curry Village, the Ahwahnee Hotel, Badger Pass Ski Resort and other attractions after failing to reach an agreement with the company that says it owns the trademarks to those attractions. The company -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.delawarenorth.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Delaware North\u003c/a> -- has served as the park's concessionaire since 1993, running numerous operations until losing the contract to Aramark, which takes over on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249672184\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These name changes took effect at midnight:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>● \u003cstrong>Yosemite Lodge\u003c/strong> at the Falls becomes: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Valley Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>The Ahwahnee\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>The Majestic Yosemite Hotel\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Curry Village\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Half Dome Village\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Wawona Hotel\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Big Trees Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Badger Pass Ski Area\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Ski & Snowboard Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Park Service employees will start placing temporary signs over road signs directing visitors to the attractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman said they're using the temporary signs in the hope that a settlement will be reached. Just before it was due to be covered up, a historic sign welcoming visitors to the park's Ahwahnee Hotel was stolen over the weekend, Gediman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of the park's historic fabric,\" Gediman said. \"And we are taking this seriously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/FresnoBee/status/704468156274728960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North spokesman Glen White said Park Service officials turned down the company's offer to let the park continue using the trademark names until the legal dispute was resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gediman said the Park Service turned down the offer made Friday because that would \"acknowledge they own the names.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names of Yosemite attractions aren't the only iconic names to which Delaware North has staked a claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"b2suU5WJWlXK9rk40GuO9ha8EFmDuIss\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also runs concessions at the Kennedy Space Center, and has a trademark application for “Space Shuttle Atlantis,” government court papers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North “apparently embarked on a business model whereby it collects trademarks to the names of iconic property owned by the United States,” wrote Justice Department attorney John Robertson in the court papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yosemite Visitors Bemoan Name Changes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, changing the name of the Ahwahnee, that’s just absurd,” said Loren Haas, visiting from Napa. “And the name precedes the company that’s trying to maintain the rights to the name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" link=\"none\" ids=\"10882268,10882220\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill King from Tracy wasn’t crazy about the name changes either. But he doubted the transition from one concessionaire to another would have much overall impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My opinion is the current transition is very smooth from a customer’s perspective,\" King said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitor Robert Franco wonders what the company will do with the names if it doesn’t get the tens of millions of dollars it’s asking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What are they gonna do with those names? Are they gonna try and profit from those names? I don't think it's the right thing to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court filings show the National Park Service values the trademark names at $3.5 million. Delaware North puts their worth at $51 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The names of some of Yosemite National Park's most iconic attractions are changing Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/14/yosemite-to-change-historic-names-in-trademark-dispute\" target=\"_blank\">announced that it would change the names\u003c/a> of Curry Village, the Ahwahnee Hotel, Badger Pass Ski Resort and other attractions after failing to reach an agreement with the company that says it owns the trademarks to those attractions. The company -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.delawarenorth.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Delaware North\u003c/a> -- has served as the park's concessionaire since 1993, running numerous operations until losing the contract to Aramark, which takes over on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249672184&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249672184'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These name changes took effect at midnight:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>● \u003cstrong>Yosemite Lodge\u003c/strong> at the Falls becomes: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Valley Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>The Ahwahnee\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>The Majestic Yosemite Hotel\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Curry Village\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Half Dome Village\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Wawona Hotel\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Big Trees Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Badger Pass Ski Area\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Ski & Snowboard Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Park Service employees will start placing temporary signs over road signs directing visitors to the attractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Delaware North spokesman Glen White said Park Service officials turned down the company's offer to let the park continue using the trademark names until the legal dispute was resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gediman said the Park Service turned down the offer made Friday because that would \"acknowledge they own the names.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names of Yosemite attractions aren't the only iconic names to which Delaware North has staked a claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also runs concessions at the Kennedy Space Center, and has a trademark application for “Space Shuttle Atlantis,” government court papers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North “apparently embarked on a business model whereby it collects trademarks to the names of iconic property owned by the United States,” wrote Justice Department attorney John Robertson in the court papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yosemite Visitors Bemoan Name Changes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, changing the name of the Ahwahnee, that’s just absurd,” said Loren Haas, visiting from Napa. “And the name precedes the company that’s trying to maintain the rights to the name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill King from Tracy wasn’t crazy about the name changes either. But he doubted the transition from one concessionaire to another would have much overall impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My opinion is the current transition is very smooth from a customer’s perspective,\" King said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitor Robert Franco wonders what the company will do with the names if it doesn’t get the tens of millions of dollars it’s asking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What are they gonna do with those names? Are they gonna try and profit from those names? I don't think it's the right thing to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court filings show the National Park Service values the trademark names at $3.5 million. Delaware North puts their worth at $51 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Reservoirs Are Dumping Water in a Drought, But Science Could Change That",
"headTitle": "California Reservoirs Are Dumping Water in a Drought, But Science Could Change That | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>There’s a rule in California that may seem bizarre in a drought-stricken state: in the winter, reservoirs aren’t allowed to fill up completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, even as this post goes up, a handful of reservoirs are releasing water to maintain empty space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice, which has long inflamed combatants in California’s water wars, is due to a decades-old rule designed to protect public safety. If a major winter storm comes in, reservoirs need space to catch the runoff and prevent floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with advances in weather forecasting, some say this preemptive strategy is outdated. A new, “smart” flood control system could save water in years when Californians need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hitting the ‘Magic’ Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one of the state’s major reservoirs — Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento — the volume of water spilling from the dam has swollen eight-fold in the past few weeks, sending billions of gallons downstream, much of it into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in February the reservoir reached a key threshold: 60 percent full, which is the highest water level allowed during the winter months, according to rules from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, most of the reservoir was a dry, dusty lakebed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What reservoir was left was confined to the old river channels before we built the dam,” says Drew Lessard of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the federal agency that manages the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just an average-size winter storm can send huge volumes of water down the American River \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Water-starved-Folsom-Lake-is-finally-starting-to-6738359.php\">into Folsom Reservoir\u003c/a>, boosting the lake by 10 percent or more. A major storm can produce dramatically more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The watershed is pretty flashy and it responds pretty quickly to storm events,” says Lessard. “That’s why we need to reserve a space during those winter months in case that happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting 40 percent empty allows the reservoir to act as a buffer against floods, gulping the runoff without overflowing. In years where the upstream reservoirs are fuller, Folsom Reservoir is required to remain 60 percent empty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-549363 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web.jpg\" alt=\"Reservoir_V08_160225-web\" width=\"1191\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web.jpg 1191w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-400x363.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-800x725.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-768x696.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-1180x1070.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-960x871.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1191px) 100vw, 1191px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing water downstream does produce benefits, supporting wildlife and endangered fish. It also prevents salt water from San Francisco Bay from backing up into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is a drinking water supply for many in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But preemptively releasing water has its own risks, especially if it doesn’t rain again, as happened in 1997. The reservoir was lowered and, “it was dry the rest of the year and we never really rebounded,” recalls Lessard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The rules that govern water in the West were created in the 19th century.’\u003ccite>Marty Ralph, UCSD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As California enters a fifth year of drought, seeing operators deliberately dumping water can be disconcerting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, Shauna Lorance of the San Juan Water District near Sacramento went to state regulators with a message: when water is disappearing downriver, it’s hard for water consumers to take the conservation message seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything they conserve right now is not held,” said Lorance. “For me to explain to customers, after everything they’ve done, that they need to continue to conserve so it can be spilled is going to be a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Smart’ Reservoirs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rules that govern water in the West were created in the 19th century,” says Marty Ralph, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://mavensnotebook.com/2014/02/10/marty-ralph-atmospheric-rivers-drought-and-the-new-center-for-western-weather-and-water-extremes/\">Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes\u003c/a> at UC San Diego. “And yet here we live in the 21st century with its special and new needs: greater population and a changing climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph is piloting a more dynamic method of flood management at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5143750-181/lake-mendocino-nears-winter-capacity?artslide=0\">Lake Mendocino\u003c/a> with the Sonoma County Water Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a maintaining firm limits on reservoir levels dictated by the calendar, managers would use cutting-edge weather forecasts to gauge how much flood space they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Weather predictions have been improving over the last decades, “ said Ralph. “Particularly on the West Coast, we’ve learned about the phenomenon that produces most flood-producing storms. We call them \u003ca href=\"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/atmrivers/questions/\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of emptying out a reservoir preemptively, managers would allow the reservoir to stay fuller, keeping an eye on the weather forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a big storm appears, “they’d have three, four, five days lead time, enough to release that extra water and get it out of the way safely,” said Ralph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If storms don’t appear, the water would be saved for later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph says “forecast-informed” operations are becoming possible thanks to major advances in weather research. New weather satellites and more precise forecast models are making predictions more accurate. Researchers are even \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/flying-into-the-heart-of-the-wests-biggest-storms/\">flying planes into atmospheric rivers\u003c/a> to gather information about how they behave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph says even with the improvements, there’s more fine tuning to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get down to three days’ lead time and we’re down to plus or minus 300 kilometers (186 mi.) in terms of the location of the storm’s landfall,” he explains. “That’s the difference between San Francisco and the Oregon border. That’s a big difference if you’re operating a reservoir on a much smaller scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says potential is clear in a drought-prone state like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine we have the option to keep, say, ten percent extra water behind each dam in the winter,” he muses. At Folsom Reservoir alone, that amount would supply 200,000 households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changing the Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see potential,” agrees Greg Kukas of the Army Corps of Engineers, the federal agency that sets flood rules for reservoirs. “What we’re not clear on is what the risks associated with that potential might be. What are the trade offs?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps is considering using the new weather-based operations at Folsom as part of a major update to the reservoir operations plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is whether weather forecasts are precise enough — not just as to when a storm is coming, but how big it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to forecasting the size of events that we’re most concerned about, they are about 20 percent off,” says Kukas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting it wrong is not an option. If the dam overflows, it could flood Sacramento and hundreds of thousands of people downstream, and potentially put the dam itself at risk of failing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The consequences, you don’t even want to imagine them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with reservoir operators around the state, the Corps says it currently takes weather forecasts into consideration in making water release decisions, though in a minimal way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t make our reservoir releases in a vacuum,” says Christy Jones, also with the Corps of Engineers. “We always are looking at the balance. We know water supply is incredibly important but we also know public safety is incredibly important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps plans to decide whether to manage Folsom Reservoir using weather forecasts next year. Changing current flood rules for how much the reservoir can hold in the winter would require an act of Congress. But if it works at Folsom, Jones agrees that it would be a model for reservoirs across the Western U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could have a huge impact on the West.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There’s a rule in California that may seem bizarre in a drought-stricken state: in the winter, reservoirs aren’t allowed to fill up completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, even as this post goes up, a handful of reservoirs are releasing water to maintain empty space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice, which has long inflamed combatants in California’s water wars, is due to a decades-old rule designed to protect public safety. If a major winter storm comes in, reservoirs need space to catch the runoff and prevent floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with advances in weather forecasting, some say this preemptive strategy is outdated. A new, “smart” flood control system could save water in years when Californians need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hitting the ‘Magic’ Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one of the state’s major reservoirs — Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento — the volume of water spilling from the dam has swollen eight-fold in the past few weeks, sending billions of gallons downstream, much of it into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in February the reservoir reached a key threshold: 60 percent full, which is the highest water level allowed during the winter months, according to rules from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, most of the reservoir was a dry, dusty lakebed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What reservoir was left was confined to the old river channels before we built the dam,” says Drew Lessard of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the federal agency that manages the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just an average-size winter storm can send huge volumes of water down the American River \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Water-starved-Folsom-Lake-is-finally-starting-to-6738359.php\">into Folsom Reservoir\u003c/a>, boosting the lake by 10 percent or more. A major storm can produce dramatically more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The watershed is pretty flashy and it responds pretty quickly to storm events,” says Lessard. “That’s why we need to reserve a space during those winter months in case that happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting 40 percent empty allows the reservoir to act as a buffer against floods, gulping the runoff without overflowing. In years where the upstream reservoirs are fuller, Folsom Reservoir is required to remain 60 percent empty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-549363 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web.jpg\" alt=\"Reservoir_V08_160225-web\" width=\"1191\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web.jpg 1191w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-400x363.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-800x725.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-768x696.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-1180x1070.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-960x871.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1191px) 100vw, 1191px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing water downstream does produce benefits, supporting wildlife and endangered fish. It also prevents salt water from San Francisco Bay from backing up into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is a drinking water supply for many in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But preemptively releasing water has its own risks, especially if it doesn’t rain again, as happened in 1997. The reservoir was lowered and, “it was dry the rest of the year and we never really rebounded,” recalls Lessard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The rules that govern water in the West were created in the 19th century.’\u003ccite>Marty Ralph, UCSD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As California enters a fifth year of drought, seeing operators deliberately dumping water can be disconcerting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, Shauna Lorance of the San Juan Water District near Sacramento went to state regulators with a message: when water is disappearing downriver, it’s hard for water consumers to take the conservation message seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything they conserve right now is not held,” said Lorance. “For me to explain to customers, after everything they’ve done, that they need to continue to conserve so it can be spilled is going to be a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Smart’ Reservoirs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rules that govern water in the West were created in the 19th century,” says Marty Ralph, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://mavensnotebook.com/2014/02/10/marty-ralph-atmospheric-rivers-drought-and-the-new-center-for-western-weather-and-water-extremes/\">Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes\u003c/a> at UC San Diego. “And yet here we live in the 21st century with its special and new needs: greater population and a changing climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph is piloting a more dynamic method of flood management at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5143750-181/lake-mendocino-nears-winter-capacity?artslide=0\">Lake Mendocino\u003c/a> with the Sonoma County Water Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a maintaining firm limits on reservoir levels dictated by the calendar, managers would use cutting-edge weather forecasts to gauge how much flood space they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Weather predictions have been improving over the last decades, “ said Ralph. “Particularly on the West Coast, we’ve learned about the phenomenon that produces most flood-producing storms. We call them \u003ca href=\"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/atmrivers/questions/\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of emptying out a reservoir preemptively, managers would allow the reservoir to stay fuller, keeping an eye on the weather forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a big storm appears, “they’d have three, four, five days lead time, enough to release that extra water and get it out of the way safely,” said Ralph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If storms don’t appear, the water would be saved for later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph says “forecast-informed” operations are becoming possible thanks to major advances in weather research. New weather satellites and more precise forecast models are making predictions more accurate. Researchers are even \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/flying-into-the-heart-of-the-wests-biggest-storms/\">flying planes into atmospheric rivers\u003c/a> to gather information about how they behave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph says even with the improvements, there’s more fine tuning to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get down to three days’ lead time and we’re down to plus or minus 300 kilometers (186 mi.) in terms of the location of the storm’s landfall,” he explains. “That’s the difference between San Francisco and the Oregon border. That’s a big difference if you’re operating a reservoir on a much smaller scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says potential is clear in a drought-prone state like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine we have the option to keep, say, ten percent extra water behind each dam in the winter,” he muses. At Folsom Reservoir alone, that amount would supply 200,000 households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changing the Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see potential,” agrees Greg Kukas of the Army Corps of Engineers, the federal agency that sets flood rules for reservoirs. “What we’re not clear on is what the risks associated with that potential might be. What are the trade offs?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps is considering using the new weather-based operations at Folsom as part of a major update to the reservoir operations plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is whether weather forecasts are precise enough — not just as to when a storm is coming, but how big it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to forecasting the size of events that we’re most concerned about, they are about 20 percent off,” says Kukas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting it wrong is not an option. If the dam overflows, it could flood Sacramento and hundreds of thousands of people downstream, and potentially put the dam itself at risk of failing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The consequences, you don’t even want to imagine them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with reservoir operators around the state, the Corps says it currently takes weather forecasts into consideration in making water release decisions, though in a minimal way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t make our reservoir releases in a vacuum,” says Christy Jones, also with the Corps of Engineers. “We always are looking at the balance. We know water supply is incredibly important but we also know public safety is incredibly important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps plans to decide whether to manage Folsom Reservoir using weather forecasts next year. Changing current flood rules for how much the reservoir can hold in the winter would require an act of Congress. But if it works at Folsom, Jones agrees that it would be a model for reservoirs across the Western U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A major global assessment of pollinators is raising concerns about the future of the planet’s food supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.N.-sponsored report drawing on about 3,000 scientific papers concludes that about 40 percent of invertebrate pollinator species (such as bees and butterflies) are facing extinction. Vertebrate pollinators (such as bats and birds) are somewhat better off by comparison — 16 percent are threatened with extinction, “with a trend towards more extinctions,” the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 75 percent of the world’s food crops, the report notes, depend at least partly on pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Pollinators are important contributors to world food production and nutritional security.’\u003ccite> Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca,\u003cbr>\nUniversity of São Paulo \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Pollinators are important contributors to world food production and nutritional security,” assessment co-Chair Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipbes.net/article/pollinators-vital-our-food-supply-under-threat\">in a statement\u003c/a>. “Their health is directly linked to our own well-being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crops that need help from pollinators include coffee, apples, cacao, cotton, mangoes and almonds, to name just a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re also talking big business: “The annual value of global crops directly affected by pollinators” ranges from $235 billion to $577 billion, according to the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Dan Charles says the report “is largely based on studies in North America and Europe; there’s been less research on pollinators in Africa and Asia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was released by The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, which operates under U.N. auspices. The assessment cites about 3,000 scientific papers and, researchers say, “includes information about practices based on indigenous and local knowledge from more than 60 locations around the world.” The report was presented by IPBES on Friday in Kuala Lumpur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_550641\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 431px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-550641\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/RS4802_167524958-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Worker bees surround a queen, who is marked with a yellow spot on her back, Bees are essential in nature in pollinating a wide variety of plants and trees. \" width=\"431\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/RS4802_167524958-sfi.jpg 502w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/RS4802_167524958-sfi-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worker bees surround a queen, who is marked with a yellow spot on her back. Bees are essential for pollinating a wide variety of plants and trees. \u003ccite>(Sean Gallup/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pollinators are under threat for a number of reasons.\u003cbr>\nThe decline of wild butterflies, bees and other pollinators “is primarily due to changes in land use, intensive agricultural practices and pesticide use, alien invasion species, diseases and pest, and climate change,” says IPBES Vice-Chair Robert Watson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also harming pollinators: “the decline of practices based on indigenous and local knowledge,” the assessment states. “These practices include traditional farming systems; maintenance of diverse landscapes and gardens; kinship relationships that protect specific pollinators; and cultures and languages that are connected to pollinators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the researchers say there’s plenty governments and communities can do to support these animals. “The good news is that a number of steps can be taken to reduce the risks to pollinators, including practices based on indigenous and local knowledge,” says IPBES founding Chair Zakri Abdul Hamid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement cites such examples as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“The promotion of sustainable agriculture” that emphasizes diverse habitats.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“Supporting traditional practices that manage habitat patchiness, crop rotation, and coproduction between science and indigenous local knowledge.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reducing their exposure to pesticides, including “seeking alternative forms of pest control, and adopting a range of specific applications, including technologies to reduce pesticide drift.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“Improving managed bee husbandry for pathogen control, coupled with better regulation of trade and use of commercial pollinators.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Report%3A+More+Pollinator+Species+In+Jeopardy%2C+Threatening+World+Food+Supply&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A major global assessment of pollinators is raising concerns about the future of the planet’s food supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A U.N.-sponsored report drawing on about 3,000 scientific papers concludes that about 40 percent of invertebrate pollinator species (such as bees and butterflies) are facing extinction. Vertebrate pollinators (such as bats and birds) are somewhat better off by comparison — 16 percent are threatened with extinction, “with a trend towards more extinctions,” the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 75 percent of the world’s food crops, the report notes, depend at least partly on pollination.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Pollinators are important contributors to world food production and nutritional security.’\u003ccite> Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca,\u003cbr>\nUniversity of São Paulo \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Pollinators are important contributors to world food production and nutritional security,” assessment co-Chair Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca says \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipbes.net/article/pollinators-vital-our-food-supply-under-threat\">in a statement\u003c/a>. “Their health is directly linked to our own well-being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crops that need help from pollinators include coffee, apples, cacao, cotton, mangoes and almonds, to name just a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re also talking big business: “The annual value of global crops directly affected by pollinators” ranges from $235 billion to $577 billion, according to the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR’s Dan Charles says the report “is largely based on studies in North America and Europe; there’s been less research on pollinators in Africa and Asia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was released by The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, which operates under U.N. auspices. The assessment cites about 3,000 scientific papers and, researchers say, “includes information about practices based on indigenous and local knowledge from more than 60 locations around the world.” The report was presented by IPBES on Friday in Kuala Lumpur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_550641\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 431px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-550641\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/RS4802_167524958-sfi.jpg\" alt=\"Worker bees surround a queen, who is marked with a yellow spot on her back, Bees are essential in nature in pollinating a wide variety of plants and trees. \" width=\"431\" height=\"309\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/RS4802_167524958-sfi.jpg 502w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/RS4802_167524958-sfi-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 431px) 100vw, 431px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Worker bees surround a queen, who is marked with a yellow spot on her back. Bees are essential for pollinating a wide variety of plants and trees. \u003ccite>(Sean Gallup/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pollinators are under threat for a number of reasons.\u003cbr>\nThe decline of wild butterflies, bees and other pollinators “is primarily due to changes in land use, intensive agricultural practices and pesticide use, alien invasion species, diseases and pest, and climate change,” says IPBES Vice-Chair Robert Watson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also harming pollinators: “the decline of practices based on indigenous and local knowledge,” the assessment states. “These practices include traditional farming systems; maintenance of diverse landscapes and gardens; kinship relationships that protect specific pollinators; and cultures and languages that are connected to pollinators.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the researchers say there’s plenty governments and communities can do to support these animals. “The good news is that a number of steps can be taken to reduce the risks to pollinators, including practices based on indigenous and local knowledge,” says IPBES founding Chair Zakri Abdul Hamid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement cites such examples as:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>“The promotion of sustainable agriculture” that emphasizes diverse habitats.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“Supporting traditional practices that manage habitat patchiness, crop rotation, and coproduction between science and indigenous local knowledge.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Reducing their exposure to pesticides, including “seeking alternative forms of pest control, and adopting a range of specific applications, including technologies to reduce pesticide drift.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>“Improving managed bee husbandry for pathogen control, coupled with better regulation of trade and use of commercial pollinators.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Report%3A+More+Pollinator+Species+In+Jeopardy%2C+Threatening+World+Food+Supply&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A large part of Tesoro's Martinez refinery shut down last December because someone accidentally pressed the wrong button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company spent the last few months working to ensure that its workers don't inadvertently cause the facility's main units to break down like they did Dec. 15 -- an incident that will lead local air regulators to penalize the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro's brief shutdown caused flaring and sent a large \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/15/martinez-refinery-flare-prompts-health-advisory\" target=\"_blank\">plume of black smoke\u003c/a> into the air, prompting Contra Costa County officials to issue a health alert for several communities near the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials later disclosed that Tesoro \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/21/tesoro-mistakenly-issued-test-alert-during-martinez-refinery-problem\" target=\"_blank\">mistakenly issued a test alert\u003c/a> in the middle of the real emergency, leading to a delay of a public warning about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has now released the results of its investigation into why the refinery lost fuel gas used to power a boiler unit, halting the facility's operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A button used for testing an electrical switch was accidentally pressed, cutting off fuel to the boiler unit, according to the root-cause analysis Tesoro filed with the county's hazardous materials program earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear who pressed the button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were staging and electrical crews working in the area during the time of the incident,\" said James Jeter, an environmental health and safety manager at Tesoro, in the report. \"In addition the area is congested and the button is at elbow height.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro may not have known the button could disrupt operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they didn't realize if that button was pressed that it would shut down the whole system,\" said Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa County's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer. \"Someone could have been working around it, and they could have hit it with their elbow and not even realize they did it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A boiler that produces steam is located inside the refinery's power plant. That plant connects to equipment throughout the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the button was pressed, power was shut off to a valve that controls how much gas is brought into the boiler unit. The boiler shut down, stopping steam from driving some of the refinery's compressors and pumps, causing them to turn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high pressure gas in those units then went to the facility's vent system. Because the refinery wasn't able to produce steam, instead of just flaring, Tesoro sent a large plume of smoke into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a vulnerable point,\" said Eric Smith, associate director of the Tulane Energy Institute, who read the company's report and specializes in oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Tesoro put a physical covering around the test button to make it harder for it to be accidentally pressed. In January, it removed the button entirely, said company spokeswoman Patty Deutsche in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No more possibility of human factors for that issue,\" she said. \"We took it one step further.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is investigating the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency issued a notice of violation for excessive smoke, according to district spokeswoman Kristine Roselius. When the district's probe ends, it's expected to decide what kind of fine Tesoro will face, Roselius said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A large part of Tesoro's Martinez refinery shut down last December because someone accidentally pressed the wrong button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company spent the last few months working to ensure that its workers don't inadvertently cause the facility's main units to break down like they did Dec. 15 -- an incident that will lead local air regulators to penalize the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro's brief shutdown caused flaring and sent a large \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/15/martinez-refinery-flare-prompts-health-advisory\" target=\"_blank\">plume of black smoke\u003c/a> into the air, prompting Contra Costa County officials to issue a health alert for several communities near the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials later disclosed that Tesoro \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/21/tesoro-mistakenly-issued-test-alert-during-martinez-refinery-problem\" target=\"_blank\">mistakenly issued a test alert\u003c/a> in the middle of the real emergency, leading to a delay of a public warning about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has now released the results of its investigation into why the refinery lost fuel gas used to power a boiler unit, halting the facility's operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A button used for testing an electrical switch was accidentally pressed, cutting off fuel to the boiler unit, according to the root-cause analysis Tesoro filed with the county's hazardous materials program earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear who pressed the button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were staging and electrical crews working in the area during the time of the incident,\" said James Jeter, an environmental health and safety manager at Tesoro, in the report. \"In addition the area is congested and the button is at elbow height.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro may not have known the button could disrupt operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they didn't realize if that button was pressed that it would shut down the whole system,\" said Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa County's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer. \"Someone could have been working around it, and they could have hit it with their elbow and not even realize they did it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A boiler that produces steam is located inside the refinery's power plant. That plant connects to equipment throughout the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the button was pressed, power was shut off to a valve that controls how much gas is brought into the boiler unit. The boiler shut down, stopping steam from driving some of the refinery's compressors and pumps, causing them to turn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high pressure gas in those units then went to the facility's vent system. Because the refinery wasn't able to produce steam, instead of just flaring, Tesoro sent a large plume of smoke into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a vulnerable point,\" said Eric Smith, associate director of the Tulane Energy Institute, who read the company's report and specializes in oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Tesoro put a physical covering around the test button to make it harder for it to be accidentally pressed. In January, it removed the button entirely, said company spokeswoman Patty Deutsche in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No more possibility of human factors for that issue,\" she said. \"We took it one step further.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is investigating the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency issued a notice of violation for excessive smoke, according to district spokeswoman Kristine Roselius. When the district's probe ends, it's expected to decide what kind of fine Tesoro will face, Roselius said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan>Y\u003c/span>ou wouldn’t know it from looking at the sky, of course, but our rainy season isn’t over. One sure sign is the appearance of \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_29548644/el-nino-summer-drought-rules-likely-continue-unless\">news stories\u003c/a> telling us that, despite the fact the Bay Area has gotten a small fraction of its average rainfall during what’s typically the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook\" target=\"_self\" title=\"After a Dry February, Hoping for Some March Moisture\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"description": "You wouldn't know it from looking at the sky, of course, but our rainy season isn't over. One sure sign is the appearance of news stories telling us that, despite the fact the Bay Area has gotten a small fraction of its average rainfall during what's typically the Read More ... Source:: Newsfix – Science",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan>Y\u003c/span>ou wouldn’t know it from looking at the sky, of course, but our rainy season isn’t over. One sure sign is the appearance of \u003ca target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_29548644/el-nino-summer-drought-rules-likely-continue-unless\">news stories\u003c/a> telling us that, despite the fact the Bay Area has gotten a small fraction of its average rainfall during what’s typically the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More …\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/february-weather-california-march-outlook\" target=\"_self\" title=\"After a Dry February, Hoping for Some March Moisture\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s been a week since Southern California Gas Co. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/18/porter-ranch-natural-gas-leak-permanently-sealed\" target=\"_blank\">permanently sealed off\u003c/a> the leaking natural gas well in its Aliso Canyon storage facility near Porter Ranch, capping months of methane and other gases spilling into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just how much was lost?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"T75HnQ5DgJVROYJKxtHIzOJ6EImBjgBL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from UC Irvine, UC Davis and elsewhere took dozens of air samples over the course of the nearly four-month spill, some from the ground and some from a plane flying above the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They estimate that, all told, the blowout spewed around 100,000 tons of methane into the air, which would make it the nation's single-largest release of that gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators recorded \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT9w1y72I6M\">video\u003c/a> of the moment the leak was sealed (the gas is invisible to the naked eye, but can be viewed on infrared camera):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT9w1y72I6M\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was just a huge event,” said study co-author Stephen Conley of Scientific Aviation and UC Davis in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its peak, the leak doubled the methane emissions rate for the entire Los Angeles basin. Another way to think of it: On average, the well lost enough gas every day to fill a balloon the size of the Rose Bowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/02/25/57923/study-estimates-porter-ranch-gas-leak-doubled-la-s/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/sanden-totten\">Sanden Totten\u003c/a>\u003cbr>KPCC\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been a week since Southern California Gas Co. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/18/porter-ranch-natural-gas-leak-permanently-sealed\" target=\"_blank\">permanently sealed off\u003c/a> the leaking natural gas well in its Aliso Canyon storage facility near Porter Ranch, capping months of methane and other gases spilling into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just how much was lost?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from UC Irvine, UC Davis and elsewhere took dozens of air samples over the course of the nearly four-month spill, some from the ground and some from a plane flying above the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They estimate that, all told, the blowout spewed around 100,000 tons of methane into the air, which would make it the nation's single-largest release of that gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California regulators recorded \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT9w1y72I6M\">video\u003c/a> of the moment the leak was sealed (the gas is invisible to the naked eye, but can be viewed on infrared camera):\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/TT9w1y72I6M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/TT9w1y72I6M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“This was just a huge event,” said study co-author Stephen Conley of Scientific Aviation and UC Davis in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its peak, the leak doubled the methane emissions rate for the entire Los Angeles basin. Another way to think of it: On average, the well lost enough gas every day to fill a balloon the size of the Rose Bowl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/02/25/57923/study-estimates-porter-ranch-gas-leak-doubled-la-s/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Critics Send Up a Howl Over Proposed GGNRA Dog Rules",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's an old saying and an actual fact: There are more dogs than children in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/getinvolved/plan-dog-mgt.htm\" target=\"_blank\">latest announcement\u003c/a> from the National Park Service this week that it plans to reduce the number of places dogs can run without a leash in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area is meeting with howls from dog owners and some of their elected representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dog owners don't like the new limits, and some local officials have complained that restricting where dogs can run free at the GGNRA will add to overcrowding in San Francisco's city parks. The National Park Service responds that miles of local beaches and trails will still be open for off-leash dogs and that the new rules are the most dog-friendly in its entire system.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>Commenting on GGNRA Dog Rules\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Comments will be accepted through May 25, 2016.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Online commenters should visit Regulations.gov: \u003ca href=\"http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=NPS-2016-0002\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate National Recreation Area Dog Management\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Comment letters can be sent to:\u003cbr>\nSuperintendent, GGNRA\u003cbr>\nAttn: Dog Management Proposed Rule\u003cbr>\nBuilding 201, Fort Mason\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco CA 94123\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This dogfight has gone on for more than 15 years -- that’s 105 dog years -- over where to allow and where to prohibit off-leash dogs in the big national park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a topic the founders of the park didn’t anticipate 44 human years ago, when President Richard Nixon authorized the GGNRA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Phillip Burton, pushed by environmentally minded San Franciscans, had worked his political magic by bringing the park into being as the Presidio of San Francisco was about to be decommissioned as an Army base. Congress acknowledged that this was a different kind of park, an urban space. And so it would have to support itself, which it has done by renting out old or restored Army dwellings in an era of scarce housing and exorbitant prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the Presidio, the park includes San Francisco's Ocean Beach and Crissy Field, Alcatraz, the Marin Headlands, Fort Funston and assorted parcels stretching nearly from Point Reyes to Half Moon Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those days, even some of the hard-core enviros didn’t give much thought to the role of dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Meyer, one of the park’s early supporters, thought that dog owners had a legitimate right to ask that their pets be allowed to run free in parts of the new national recreation area. But, still active, she’s changed her mind. The population of the city and the Bay Area has increased dramatically, she argues, and the number of dogs has increased, too, putting the park's natural features at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/248772554\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GGNRA averages nearly 18 million visitors a year. Meyer contends they expect to see habitat that fosters birds and wildlife, and they want to hike, take photos and do a variety of things “that are not compatible with free-running dogs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told me that a large dog knocked her grandson to the ground when she took him to the park. And she said that dogs have ripped up the dunes at Fort Funston -- an area where thousands of dogs and their owners visit, precisely because the dogs can go off-leash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dog owners, including some staunch environmentalists, take a different view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huey Johnson was chief of California's Resources Agency during Jerry Brown's first stint as governor and was, like Meyer, in on the founding of the GGNRA. Now head of Marin's Resource Renewal Institute, Johnson says the National Park Service has it all wrong and isn’t able \"to handle the urban park concept.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks the park service is administering the GGNRA like it does the other 407 parks in the national park system, when in fact it is completely different. In general, the National Park Service allows dogs only in developed areas and only if they're on-leash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson likes to walk his dog off-leash at Muir Beach, which will no longer be allowed if the new rules are made final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t have a dog in Yellowstone or Yosemite,” Johnson told me, while walking on Muir Beach. \"But here ... that’s why it’s here. And dogs are part of the public’s existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the threat to birds, he says “birds are very handy in surviving”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service has been wrestling with what rules to impose since 2002. It has studied the various parts of the 80,000-acre park and has considered thousands of letters and comments offered by the public. It has issued environmental impact statements and revised draft plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it is close to the end of the process, and even though the proposed areas where dogs can run free have been reduced, the park superintendent says the GGNRA is the only location in the entire National Parks system that allows \u003cem>any\u003c/em> off-leash dog walking. That evenhanded approach doesn’t convince the dog owners, who are used to letting their pets roam free at Fort Funston, Crissy Field and Muir Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this fight isn’t over yet. The rules announced Tuesday are \u003ca href=\"http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=NPS-2016-0002\" target=\"_blank\">open for public comment\u003c/a> until 11:59 p.m. Eastern time on May 25. Only then will park officials tweak the regulations -- and make them final.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's an old saying and an actual fact: There are more dogs than children in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And so the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/goga/getinvolved/plan-dog-mgt.htm\" target=\"_blank\">latest announcement\u003c/a> from the National Park Service this week that it plans to reduce the number of places dogs can run without a leash in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area is meeting with howls from dog owners and some of their elected representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dog owners don't like the new limits, and some local officials have complained that restricting where dogs can run free at the GGNRA will add to overcrowding in San Francisco's city parks. The National Park Service responds that miles of local beaches and trails will still be open for off-leash dogs and that the new rules are the most dog-friendly in its entire system.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>Commenting on GGNRA Dog Rules\u003c/h4>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Comments will be accepted through May 25, 2016.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Online commenters should visit Regulations.gov: \u003ca href=\"http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=NPS-2016-0002\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate National Recreation Area Dog Management\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Comment letters can be sent to:\u003cbr>\nSuperintendent, GGNRA\u003cbr>\nAttn: Dog Management Proposed Rule\u003cbr>\nBuilding 201, Fort Mason\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco CA 94123\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This dogfight has gone on for more than 15 years -- that’s 105 dog years -- over where to allow and where to prohibit off-leash dogs in the big national park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a topic the founders of the park didn’t anticipate 44 human years ago, when President Richard Nixon authorized the GGNRA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Phillip Burton, pushed by environmentally minded San Franciscans, had worked his political magic by bringing the park into being as the Presidio of San Francisco was about to be decommissioned as an Army base. Congress acknowledged that this was a different kind of park, an urban space. And so it would have to support itself, which it has done by renting out old or restored Army dwellings in an era of scarce housing and exorbitant prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the Presidio, the park includes San Francisco's Ocean Beach and Crissy Field, Alcatraz, the Marin Headlands, Fort Funston and assorted parcels stretching nearly from Point Reyes to Half Moon Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In those days, even some of the hard-core enviros didn’t give much thought to the role of dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amy Meyer, one of the park’s early supporters, thought that dog owners had a legitimate right to ask that their pets be allowed to run free in parts of the new national recreation area. But, still active, she’s changed her mind. The population of the city and the Bay Area has increased dramatically, she argues, and the number of dogs has increased, too, putting the park's natural features at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/248772554&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/248772554'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GGNRA averages nearly 18 million visitors a year. Meyer contends they expect to see habitat that fosters birds and wildlife, and they want to hike, take photos and do a variety of things “that are not compatible with free-running dogs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told me that a large dog knocked her grandson to the ground when she took him to the park. And she said that dogs have ripped up the dunes at Fort Funston -- an area where thousands of dogs and their owners visit, precisely because the dogs can go off-leash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dog owners, including some staunch environmentalists, take a different view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huey Johnson was chief of California's Resources Agency during Jerry Brown's first stint as governor and was, like Meyer, in on the founding of the GGNRA. Now head of Marin's Resource Renewal Institute, Johnson says the National Park Service has it all wrong and isn’t able \"to handle the urban park concept.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thinks the park service is administering the GGNRA like it does the other 407 parks in the national park system, when in fact it is completely different. In general, the National Park Service allows dogs only in developed areas and only if they're on-leash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson likes to walk his dog off-leash at Muir Beach, which will no longer be allowed if the new rules are made final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t have a dog in Yellowstone or Yosemite,” Johnson told me, while walking on Muir Beach. \"But here ... that’s why it’s here. And dogs are part of the public’s existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the threat to birds, he says “birds are very handy in surviving”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service has been wrestling with what rules to impose since 2002. It has studied the various parts of the 80,000-acre park and has considered thousands of letters and comments offered by the public. It has issued environmental impact statements and revised draft plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now it is close to the end of the process, and even though the proposed areas where dogs can run free have been reduced, the park superintendent says the GGNRA is the only location in the entire National Parks system that allows \u003cem>any\u003c/em> off-leash dog walking. That evenhanded approach doesn’t convince the dog owners, who are used to letting their pets roam free at Fort Funston, Crissy Field and Muir Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this fight isn’t over yet. The rules announced Tuesday are \u003ca href=\"http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=NPS-2016-0002\" target=\"_blank\">open for public comment\u003c/a> until 11:59 p.m. Eastern time on May 25. Only then will park officials tweak the regulations -- and make them final.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new study suggests that sea levels are rising at an unprecedented rate and that the problem will continue well into this century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise in the 20th century was truly extraordinary by historical standards,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.bobkopp.net/\">Bob Kopp\u003c/a>, an associate professor of Earth and planetary sciences at Rutgers University, and who is lead author on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/02/17/1517056113.full\">the study\u003c/a>, which appears in the journal \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”AvuAsiu83wIKEQ0WfuFbSTPRc7gcR9I6″]Sea levels rose by roughly 5½ inches in the past hundred years, Kopp says, noting, “That’s faster than any century since at least 800 B.C., since the founding of Rome.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kopp’s team based its findings on dozens of earlier studies carried out around the world. Those studies determined past sea levels by looking at everything from microbial fossils to the locations of ancient Roman ruins along the Italian coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results show sea levels remained largely unchanged for more than two millennia — except for one period around 1000 A.D., in which the oceans dropped slightly due to a brief medieval cold snap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking forward, Kopp and his co-authors predict things are going to get worse. The team’s findings suggest sea levels will rise between 1 to 4 feet by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kopp says those kinds of increases will put many coastal cities at risk of frequent flooding. Although cutting carbon emissions could help in the future, rising seas now appear inevitable. Sea level rise “is going to be something we have to prepare for,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sea+Levels+Rose+Faster+Last+Century+Than+In+Previous+2%2C700+Years%2C+Study+Finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new study suggests that sea levels are rising at an unprecedented rate and that the problem will continue well into this century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sea level rise in the 20th century was truly extraordinary by historical standards,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.bobkopp.net/\">Bob Kopp\u003c/a>, an associate professor of Earth and planetary sciences at Rutgers University, and who is lead author on \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2016/02/17/1517056113.full\">the study\u003c/a>, which appears in the journal \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Sea levels rose by roughly 5½ inches in the past hundred years, Kopp says, noting, “That’s faster than any century since at least 800 B.C., since the founding of Rome.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kopp’s team based its findings on dozens of earlier studies carried out around the world. Those studies determined past sea levels by looking at everything from microbial fossils to the locations of ancient Roman ruins along the Italian coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results show sea levels remained largely unchanged for more than two millennia — except for one period around 1000 A.D., in which the oceans dropped slightly due to a brief medieval cold snap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking forward, Kopp and his co-authors predict things are going to get worse. The team’s findings suggest sea levels will rise between 1 to 4 feet by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kopp says those kinds of increases will put many coastal cities at risk of frequent flooding. Although cutting carbon emissions could help in the future, rising seas now appear inevitable. Sea level rise “is going to be something we have to prepare for,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Sea+Levels+Rose+Faster+Last+Century+Than+In+Previous+2%2C700+Years%2C+Study+Finds&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Aliso Canyon Gas Operations Won't Resume Anytime Soon",
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"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES - The gas-storage facility that spewed methane uncontrollably for almost four months, driving thousands of families from their homes, won't resume operations until it has undergone tougher tests than ever required before, a process that will take months and perhaps even longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive leak near Porter Ranch in Los Angeles drew attention to Southern California Gas Co.'s Aliso Canyon storage facility and the larger subject of old energy infrastructure nationwide. It also put heat on the state to speed up tougher new regulations that will outlaw a risky practice that put the well in jeopardy of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't say it was a wake-up call. I'd say it was a 'You need to accelerate that process,' \" said Jason Marshall, chief deputy director of the state Department of Conservation. \"We've moved it to the top of the pile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Fupl2rtBfOlOQfZfRBuDB8T9XYTnxXAI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to passing emergency regulations, the department's oil and gas division directed the Aliso Canyon facility to undergo tests expected to last months before it can resume operations. It must also follow safer operating rules that could be expanded to facilities statewide, Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and residents sickened by the foul smell and chemicals have called for the facility to be permanently shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aliso Canyon is a major source of energy for Southern California and state utility overseers are figuring out how to provide power while it's largely out of commission, as well as exploring what would happen if it never reopens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a legislative hearing Monday on a bill that would prevent the facility from storing additional gas while undergoing tests of its 114 wells, state lawmakers were concerned about power outages during a shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation is similar to when the San Onofre nuclear plant shut down in 2013 after a radiation leak, said Michael Picker, the president of the California Public Utility Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'They built a system where Aliso Canyon was too big to fail. And it failed.'\u003ccite>Rep. Brad Sherman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't just the power, but it was the ability to support power flows north and south and getting power to certain specific parts of the state,\" Picker said. \"A transmission line in Northern California isn't effective in San Diego, for example.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike electricity that moves rapidly, natural gas flows about 35 mph and comes from out-of-state pipelines, so plans need to be made before it's needed. In addition to residential and business customers, Aliso Canyon serves dozens of gas-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They built a system where Aliso Canyon was too big to fail. And it failed,\" said Rep. Brad Sherman, a Democrat who owns a home in Porter Ranch near the facility. \"They say, 'We won't prove to you it's safe, we'll just prove to you it's necessary.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the facility were closed, getting new storage permitted would be unlikely because of community opposition and geologic concerns, said Jay Apt, co-director of the Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center. \"Taking something offline is probably forever,\" Apt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas Chief Executive Officer Dennis Arreola said the company planned to comply with new requirements and accelerate inspections at the facility that has had leaks and failures from corrosion and heavy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new requirements will put a crimp in the speed at which gas is injected deep underground for storage when demand is low and withdrawn in colder weather or during demand spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests will measure the thickness of protective steel casings, corrosion and make sure wells can withstand intense pressures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10875934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"A SoCalGas worker at the company's Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10875934\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A SoCalGas worker at the company's Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Kim Rice-Bogdan/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company will now be required to inject and withdraw the gas through narrow metal tubing that runs from the mountain-top facility to abandoned oil wells below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas had been using both the tubing and a much wider steel casing surrounding it to deliver larger volumes of gas. Experts said that was risky because the casing was a safety barrier if the tubing failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of the blown-out well, the casing is believed to have failed under high pressure, allowing the gas to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall said the practice, which is fairly common, is forever over at Aliso Canyon and will be banned statewide once new regulations are drafted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that change is \"arguably more important\" than requiring subsurface safety valves. The well that failed had its safety valve removed in 1979. It wasn't required and was never replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Ingraffea, a Cornell University engineering professor who identified the dual injection and withdrawal practice as a fatal flaw after studying the well's records, applauded the new rules and test requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He questioned, however, how regulators had been lax for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has been criticized for a lack of industry oversight and acknowledged problems just weeks before the Aliso Canyon leak was reported Oct. 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The promise of additional funding for new hires is not likely to appease critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rules don't fix the problems at California's broken oil regulatory agency, which has a scandalous track record of failing to enforce even basic regulations,\" said attorney Maya Golden-Krasner of the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES - The gas-storage facility that spewed methane uncontrollably for almost four months, driving thousands of families from their homes, won't resume operations until it has undergone tougher tests than ever required before, a process that will take months and perhaps even longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive leak near Porter Ranch in Los Angeles drew attention to Southern California Gas Co.'s Aliso Canyon storage facility and the larger subject of old energy infrastructure nationwide. It also put heat on the state to speed up tougher new regulations that will outlaw a risky practice that put the well in jeopardy of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't say it was a wake-up call. I'd say it was a 'You need to accelerate that process,' \" said Jason Marshall, chief deputy director of the state Department of Conservation. \"We've moved it to the top of the pile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to passing emergency regulations, the department's oil and gas division directed the Aliso Canyon facility to undergo tests expected to last months before it can resume operations. It must also follow safer operating rules that could be expanded to facilities statewide, Marshall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists and residents sickened by the foul smell and chemicals have called for the facility to be permanently shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aliso Canyon is a major source of energy for Southern California and state utility overseers are figuring out how to provide power while it's largely out of commission, as well as exploring what would happen if it never reopens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a legislative hearing Monday on a bill that would prevent the facility from storing additional gas while undergoing tests of its 114 wells, state lawmakers were concerned about power outages during a shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation is similar to when the San Onofre nuclear plant shut down in 2013 after a radiation leak, said Michael Picker, the president of the California Public Utility Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'They built a system where Aliso Canyon was too big to fail. And it failed.'\u003ccite>Rep. Brad Sherman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't just the power, but it was the ability to support power flows north and south and getting power to certain specific parts of the state,\" Picker said. \"A transmission line in Northern California isn't effective in San Diego, for example.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike electricity that moves rapidly, natural gas flows about 35 mph and comes from out-of-state pipelines, so plans need to be made before it's needed. In addition to residential and business customers, Aliso Canyon serves dozens of gas-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They built a system where Aliso Canyon was too big to fail. And it failed,\" said Rep. Brad Sherman, a Democrat who owns a home in Porter Ranch near the facility. \"They say, 'We won't prove to you it's safe, we'll just prove to you it's necessary.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the facility were closed, getting new storage permitted would be unlikely because of community opposition and geologic concerns, said Jay Apt, co-director of the Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center. \"Taking something offline is probably forever,\" Apt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas Chief Executive Officer Dennis Arreola said the company planned to comply with new requirements and accelerate inspections at the facility that has had leaks and failures from corrosion and heavy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new requirements will put a crimp in the speed at which gas is injected deep underground for storage when demand is low and withdrawn in colder weather or during demand spikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests will measure the thickness of protective steel casings, corrosion and make sure wells can withstand intense pressures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10875934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"A SoCalGas worker at the company's Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10875934\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-400x250.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/AlisoWorker-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A SoCalGas worker at the company's Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Kim Rice-Bogdan/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company will now be required to inject and withdraw the gas through narrow metal tubing that runs from the mountain-top facility to abandoned oil wells below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas had been using both the tubing and a much wider steel casing surrounding it to deliver larger volumes of gas. Experts said that was risky because the casing was a safety barrier if the tubing failed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of the blown-out well, the casing is believed to have failed under high pressure, allowing the gas to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marshall said the practice, which is fairly common, is forever over at Aliso Canyon and will be banned statewide once new regulations are drafted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said that change is \"arguably more important\" than requiring subsurface safety valves. The well that failed had its safety valve removed in 1979. It wasn't required and was never replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anthony Ingraffea, a Cornell University engineering professor who identified the dual injection and withdrawal practice as a fatal flaw after studying the well's records, applauded the new rules and test requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He questioned, however, how regulators had been lax for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has been criticized for a lack of industry oversight and acknowledged problems just weeks before the Aliso Canyon leak was reported Oct. 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The promise of additional funding for new hires is not likely to appease critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rules don't fix the problems at California's broken oil regulatory agency, which has a scandalous track record of failing to enforce even basic regulations,\" said attorney Maya Golden-Krasner of the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Acid Flashback: Santa Cruz Bird Frenzy, Hitchcock and a Biological Whodunit",
"title": "Acid Flashback: Santa Cruz Bird Frenzy, Hitchcock and a Biological Whodunit",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Long before \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/hab/habs_toxins/marine_biotoxins/da/\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid\u003c/a> ruined Northern California's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/05/why-is-an-algae-bloom-closing-crab-season-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">2015-16 Dungeness crab season\u003c/a>, it was responsible for a panic along the Santa Cruz County seashore, which in turn informed a classic piece of creepy California cinema.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flashback to August 1961: In Germany, an enduring symbol of the Cold War -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/places/berlin_wall\" target=\"_blank\">the Berlin Wall\u003c/a> -- is under construction. Barack Obama is born in Honolulu. No one but a handful of Japanese researchers has ever heard of domoic acid. And in beachside communities near Santa Cruz, birds are going nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102907\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Bird Frenzy took place early the morning of Friday, Aug. 18, 1961. Here's how longtime \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/zz/20120115/NEWS/120117661\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Cruz Sentinel reporter and columnist Wally Trabing\u003c/a> described the scene that unfolded along the shoreline just east of Santa Cruz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A massive flight of \u003ca href=\"http://currents.ucsc.edu/06-07/08-14/shearwaters.asp\" target=\"_blank\">sooty shearwaters\u003c/a>, fresh from a feast of anchovies, collided with shoreside structures from Pleasure Point to Rio del Mar during the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents, especially in the Pleasure Point and Capitola area, were awakened about 3 a.m. today by the rain of birds slamming against their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dead and stunned seabirds littered the streets and roads in the foggy, early dawn. Startled by the invasion, residents rushed out on their lawns with flashlights, then rushed back inside, as the birds flew toward their light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Television aerial supports were severed, and one power line was shorted out about 4 a.m. on Merrill Avenue when the birds hitting the lines slapped them together.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10871218\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10871218\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10871218\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds-400x1042.jpg\" alt=\"Item from the Aug. 21, 1961, edition of the Santa Cruz Sentinel reporting Alfred Hitchcock's interest in the local bird 'invasion.'\" width=\"300\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds-400x1042.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds.jpg 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Item from the Aug. 21, 1961, edition of the Santa Cruz Sentinel reporting Alfred Hitchcock's interest in the local bird 'invasion.' \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the following days, the Sentinel reported crews picking up truckloads of dead birds from streets and lawns in the area. For an explanation of the avian behavior, the paper turned to \u003ca href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c84b332g/\" target=\"_blank\">Ward Russell\u003c/a>, a specimen collector and preparator at UC Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. (Russell's \u003ca href=\"http://blogrr.blogspot.com/2009/06/meet-beetles.html\" target=\"_blank\">claim to fame\u003c/a>, it appears, is that he promoted the use of \u003ca href=\"http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/17/flesh-eating-beetles-explained/\" target=\"_blank\">flesh-eating beetles\u003c/a> -- or dermestid beetles -- to clean skeletons.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell opined that the sooty shearwaters, which fly tens of thousands of miles around the Pacific basin each year, became confused by a thick fog and flapped in a blind panic toward lights onshore. Others thought the sound of gunfire from the Army's Fort Ord might have spooked the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those who took note of the sooty shearwater episode was movie director Alfred Hitchcock, who owned \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/299/\" target=\"_blank\">a 200-acre estate\u003c/a> at the end of a narrow, winding road in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Three days after the invasion, the Sentinel buried an item on page 4: Hitchcock had read the paper's account of the invasion and planned to use it in his adaptation of the Daphne Du Maurier \u003ca href=\"https://northviewulrich.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/the-birds-full-text.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">short story\u003c/a> \"The Birds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in fact, the Santa Cruz incident and Ward Russell's theory both made it into Hitchcock's \u003ca href=\"http://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Scripts:_The_Birds_(final_draft,_2nd_rev,_02/Mar/1962)\" target=\"_blank\">final script\u003c/a>, set in Bodega Bay. In the film version of \"The Birds,\" Mitch Brenner, the character played by Rod Taylor, is trying to think of a way to drive away flocks of crows and gulls that have begun terrorizing the locals. Brenner has the following exchange with several other characters and a bird sympathizer identified only as Mrs. Bundy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> Mrs. Bundy, you said something about Santa Cruz. About seagulls getting lost in the fog, and heading in for the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deke:\u003c/strong> We don't have any fog this time of year, Mitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> We'll make our own fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sholes:\u003c/strong> How do you plan to do that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch\u003c/strong>: With smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Malone:\u003c/strong> There's an ordinance against burning anything in this town, unless it's...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> We'll use smoke pots. Like the Army uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deke:\u003c/strong> What good'll that do? Smoke's as bad as birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mrs. Bundy:\u003c/strong> Birds are not bad!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sholes:\u003c/strong> How can we go on living here if we blanket the town with smoke?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> Can we go on living here otherwise?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For decades, there was no better explanation for the the 1961 Santa Cruz bird mystery than they'd gotten lost in the fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1991, a clue appeared. Hundreds of brown pelicans and cormorants were found sick or dead along the Monterey Bay shoreline. \u003ca href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/20460314?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" target=\"_blank\">Veterinary researchers\u003c/a> eliminated viruses, bacteria or heavy-metal poisoning as the cause, then determined the birds had suffered acute poisoning by domoic acid. The toxin was found both in anchovies the birds had fed on and in plankton the fish had consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Cruz marine biologist David Garrison studied the 1991 incident and speculated several years later that domoic acid might have been responsible for the 1961 bird invasion. It wasn't until 2012, more than half a century after the episode, that researchers from UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography found direct evidence that the sooty shearwaters had indeed suffered domoic acid poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Scripps scientists used an archive of biological samples from California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, a marine monitoring program in operation since 1949, to try to investigate the conditions the birds would have encountered in Monterey Bay in the summer of 1961. Specifically, the team was looking for samples that might show the presence of Pseudo-nitzschia, a genus of diatoms that includes species known to produce domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a summary of the research published in Nature Geoscience, the Scripps oceanographers reported that Monterey Bay zooplankton collected in 1961 showed high levels of the toxin-producing diatoms. Here's the mildly worded conclusion to the Scripps team's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Given the similarities between events in 1961 and the domoic acid-induced poisoning of 1991, we suggest that toxic Pseudo-nitzschia were probably responsible for the odd behaviour and death of Sooty shearwaters in August 1961. This brief study therefore supports the contention that domoic acid caused the seabird frenzy ... and strongly suggests that domoic-acid-producing phytoplankton have been an agent of marine animal mortality in the California Current system for at least the past fifty years.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK -- maybe not quite \u003ca href=\"http://www.metv.com/shows/perry-mason\" target=\"_blank\">Perry Mason\u003c/a> stuff. But case closed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Long before \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/hab/habs_toxins/marine_biotoxins/da/\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid\u003c/a> ruined Northern California's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/05/why-is-an-algae-bloom-closing-crab-season-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">2015-16 Dungeness crab season\u003c/a>, it was responsible for a panic along the Santa Cruz County seashore, which in turn informed a classic piece of creepy California cinema.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flashback to August 1961: In Germany, an enduring symbol of the Cold War -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/places/berlin_wall\" target=\"_blank\">the Berlin Wall\u003c/a> -- is under construction. Barack Obama is born in Honolulu. No one but a handful of Japanese researchers has ever heard of domoic acid. And in beachside communities near Santa Cruz, birds are going nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102907&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102907'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Bird Frenzy took place early the morning of Friday, Aug. 18, 1961. Here's how longtime \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/zz/20120115/NEWS/120117661\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Cruz Sentinel reporter and columnist Wally Trabing\u003c/a> described the scene that unfolded along the shoreline just east of Santa Cruz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A massive flight of \u003ca href=\"http://currents.ucsc.edu/06-07/08-14/shearwaters.asp\" target=\"_blank\">sooty shearwaters\u003c/a>, fresh from a feast of anchovies, collided with shoreside structures from Pleasure Point to Rio del Mar during the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents, especially in the Pleasure Point and Capitola area, were awakened about 3 a.m. today by the rain of birds slamming against their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dead and stunned seabirds littered the streets and roads in the foggy, early dawn. Startled by the invasion, residents rushed out on their lawns with flashlights, then rushed back inside, as the birds flew toward their light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Television aerial supports were severed, and one power line was shorted out about 4 a.m. on Merrill Avenue when the birds hitting the lines slapped them together.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10871218\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10871218\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10871218\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds-400x1042.jpg\" alt=\"Item from the Aug. 21, 1961, edition of the Santa Cruz Sentinel reporting Alfred Hitchcock's interest in the local bird 'invasion.'\" width=\"300\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds-400x1042.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds.jpg 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Item from the Aug. 21, 1961, edition of the Santa Cruz Sentinel reporting Alfred Hitchcock's interest in the local bird 'invasion.' \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the following days, the Sentinel reported crews picking up truckloads of dead birds from streets and lawns in the area. For an explanation of the avian behavior, the paper turned to \u003ca href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c84b332g/\" target=\"_blank\">Ward Russell\u003c/a>, a specimen collector and preparator at UC Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. (Russell's \u003ca href=\"http://blogrr.blogspot.com/2009/06/meet-beetles.html\" target=\"_blank\">claim to fame\u003c/a>, it appears, is that he promoted the use of \u003ca href=\"http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/17/flesh-eating-beetles-explained/\" target=\"_blank\">flesh-eating beetles\u003c/a> -- or dermestid beetles -- to clean skeletons.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell opined that the sooty shearwaters, which fly tens of thousands of miles around the Pacific basin each year, became confused by a thick fog and flapped in a blind panic toward lights onshore. Others thought the sound of gunfire from the Army's Fort Ord might have spooked the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those who took note of the sooty shearwater episode was movie director Alfred Hitchcock, who owned \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/299/\" target=\"_blank\">a 200-acre estate\u003c/a> at the end of a narrow, winding road in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Three days after the invasion, the Sentinel buried an item on page 4: Hitchcock had read the paper's account of the invasion and planned to use it in his adaptation of the Daphne Du Maurier \u003ca href=\"https://northviewulrich.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/the-birds-full-text.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">short story\u003c/a> \"The Birds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in fact, the Santa Cruz incident and Ward Russell's theory both made it into Hitchcock's \u003ca href=\"http://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Scripts:_The_Birds_(final_draft,_2nd_rev,_02/Mar/1962)\" target=\"_blank\">final script\u003c/a>, set in Bodega Bay. In the film version of \"The Birds,\" Mitch Brenner, the character played by Rod Taylor, is trying to think of a way to drive away flocks of crows and gulls that have begun terrorizing the locals. Brenner has the following exchange with several other characters and a bird sympathizer identified only as Mrs. Bundy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> Mrs. Bundy, you said something about Santa Cruz. About seagulls getting lost in the fog, and heading in for the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deke:\u003c/strong> We don't have any fog this time of year, Mitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> We'll make our own fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sholes:\u003c/strong> How do you plan to do that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch\u003c/strong>: With smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Malone:\u003c/strong> There's an ordinance against burning anything in this town, unless it's...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> We'll use smoke pots. Like the Army uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deke:\u003c/strong> What good'll that do? Smoke's as bad as birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mrs. Bundy:\u003c/strong> Birds are not bad!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sholes:\u003c/strong> How can we go on living here if we blanket the town with smoke?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> Can we go on living here otherwise?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For decades, there was no better explanation for the the 1961 Santa Cruz bird mystery than they'd gotten lost in the fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1991, a clue appeared. Hundreds of brown pelicans and cormorants were found sick or dead along the Monterey Bay shoreline. \u003ca href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/20460314?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" target=\"_blank\">Veterinary researchers\u003c/a> eliminated viruses, bacteria or heavy-metal poisoning as the cause, then determined the birds had suffered acute poisoning by domoic acid. The toxin was found both in anchovies the birds had fed on and in plankton the fish had consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Cruz marine biologist David Garrison studied the 1991 incident and speculated several years later that domoic acid might have been responsible for the 1961 bird invasion. It wasn't until 2012, more than half a century after the episode, that researchers from UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography found direct evidence that the sooty shearwaters had indeed suffered domoic acid poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Scripps scientists used an archive of biological samples from California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, a marine monitoring program in operation since 1949, to try to investigate the conditions the birds would have encountered in Monterey Bay in the summer of 1961. Specifically, the team was looking for samples that might show the presence of Pseudo-nitzschia, a genus of diatoms that includes species known to produce domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a summary of the research published in Nature Geoscience, the Scripps oceanographers reported that Monterey Bay zooplankton collected in 1961 showed high levels of the toxin-producing diatoms. Here's the mildly worded conclusion to the Scripps team's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Given the similarities between events in 1961 and the domoic acid-induced poisoning of 1991, we suggest that toxic Pseudo-nitzschia were probably responsible for the odd behaviour and death of Sooty shearwaters in August 1961. This brief study therefore supports the contention that domoic acid caused the seabird frenzy ... and strongly suggests that domoic-acid-producing phytoplankton have been an agent of marine animal mortality in the California Current system for at least the past fifty years.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK -- maybe not quite \u003ca href=\"http://www.metv.com/shows/perry-mason\" target=\"_blank\">Perry Mason\u003c/a> stuff. But case closed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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