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"title": "California Finally Begins Regulating Cancer-Causing Chemical Found in Drinking Water",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>Update, July 18, 2017:\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">More than 25 years after the state determined that 1,2,3-TCP causes cancer, the State Water Resources Control Board voted to approve a standard for the chemical in drinking water. They set the limit at 5 parts per trillion, a level supported by clean water and pesticide reform advocates. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The state will now start water systems to test all of their wells every month starting in January. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Board chair Felicia Marcus called the vote, “a very important day for public health.” \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a very serious public health threat,” agreed board Vice-Chair Steven Moore. “California officially determined that this is a carcinogen. And when you look at the science and the experiments and all that was done to show it, it is disquieting how serious and insidious this chemical is.” \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, June 20, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The state water board has proposed a standard for 1,2,3-TCP and held a \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/123-tcp/phtcp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hearing\u003c/a> to receive public comment. The state is proposing that the maximum contamination for 1,2,3-TCP in drinking water be set at 5 parts per trillion. The nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Water Center\u003c/a>, which advocates for safe, clean drinking water in the San Joaquin Valley, testified in support of the proposed standard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>State water officials have not yet formally implemented the standard, but they have issued an \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/123-tcp/123tcp_map_5ppt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">updated map\u003c/a> showing contaminated wells.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Fresno City Council \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/fresno-takes-first-step-toward-ridding-water-toxic-123-tcp#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has authorized\u003c/a> a study to find out how to remove 12,3-TCP from the city’s water supply. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, January 2, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In January, The State Water Resources Control Board is expected to roll out the draft of a first-ever enforceable standard for 1,2,3-TCP in California drinking water.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In December, the city of Clovis, in Fresno County, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article122257349.html\">won a $22 million court judgment\u003c/a> against Shell Oil Co., for TCP contamination in wells. More than 40 other cases remain open.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story, March 7, 2016:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have to admit, after the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, I’m a little freaked out about what’s in my tap water. So when I opened my water bill from the city of Fresno recently, I decided to actually read the “consumer confidence report” for drinking water. And I found this footnote in tiny print:\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003ch2>Consumer Confidence Report Footnote\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>123 Trichloropropane has been detected in 29 wells in Fresno…. Some people who use water containing it over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer, based on studies in laboratory animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wait…what? I have two little kids, and my family drinks the tap water. And it might cause cancer? I decided to fork out $200 to get mine tested. And to start digging into how 1,2,3-TCP got into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, it’s not just Fresno. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/123TCP.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>, 1,2,3-TCP has been found in about a hundred public water systems across California, mostly in the Central Valley but also in counties like Santa Cruz, Monterey, Sacramento, and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many Californians don’t know whether this stuff is in their water, because neither the state nor the federal EPA regulates 1,2,3-TCP in drinking water. So that means public utilities don’t have to test for it, filter it out, or advise their customers if it’s in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>123-TCP IN ACTIVE COMMUNITY WELLS\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch4>Water systems where significant levels of contaminant 123-TCP have been detected.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_561928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-561928 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/TCP_FinalGraphic.jpg\" alt=\"TCP_FinalGraphic\" width=\"700\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/TCP_FinalGraphic.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/TCP_FinalGraphic-400x446.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: CALIFORNIA STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD, MAP: Teodros Hailye, KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s even though the state determined it was a carcinogen back in 1992. And the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) set a very low \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/pdf/082009TCP_phg.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public health goal \u003c/a>for 1,2,3-TCP in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no absolutely no question that is a genotoxic carcinogen,” says Robert Howd, a toxicologist who led the scientific review for OEHHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been no studies of 1,2,3-TCP’s effect on humans, but animal studies showed multiple tumors at multiple sites in both rats and mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data are very clear,” Howd says. “Virtually nobody is disputing that. There’s just no controversy about this being a DNA reactive carcinogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howd’s team set the public health goal at .7 parts per trillion (.0007 parts per billion) The only carcinogen with a lower state public health goal for drinking water is dioxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>How Did It Get Into the Water? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">“This whole story begins in the 1930s, the dawn of the age of chemical agriculture” says San Francisco attorney \u003ca href=\"http://rbwaterlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Daily-Journal-Article_8.20.12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Todd Robins\u003c/a>. He represents about 30 communities around the state who are suing over 1,2,3-TCP contamination, and he’s spent the last decade trying to track how it leached into groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Shell saw a huge opportunity to take a hazardous waste stream from their chemical plants…and start putting it in barrels, and selling it to farmers.”\u003ccite>San Francisco attorney Todd Robins\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Somebody at the Pineapple Research Institute in Honolulu got ahold of this sample of what was essentially hazardous waste from a chemical production process at Shell,” he says, “and he used it in some experiments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiments, Robins says, were to figure out how to control nematodes, tiny microscopic worms in the soil that attack a plant’s roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell saw a huge opportunity to take a hazardous waste stream from their chemical plants … and start putting it in barrels, and selling it to farmers,” says Robins. “Then Dow soon followed suit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies sold the product to farmers as a fumigant, which is injected into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robins has compiled a huge stack of documents that show neither Dow Chemical nor Shell \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000464-00240-19741121.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">listed 1,2,3-TCP\u003c/a> on their \u003ca href=\"http://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000201-00253-19690414.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">product labels\u003c/a>, even though it was one of several ingredients. One of Dow’s own scientists \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/TCP_memo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">admitted\u003c/a> that the compound had served no function killing nematodes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robins shows me a 1974 memo where Dow describes some of the fumigant components as “garbage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_562003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4272px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-562003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez.jpg\" alt=\"Ralph Gutierrez says Shell and Dow should pay to clean 1,2,3-TCP out of Woodville's water.\" width=\"4272\" height=\"2848\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez.jpg 4272w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4272px) 100vw, 4272px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ralph Gutierrez says Shell and Dow should pay to clean 1,2,3-TCP out of Woodville’s water. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Some of the most startling information is how clearly the companies understood from a scientific perspective the amount of garbage they were putting into these products,” says Robins, “and knowingly having farmers essentially dispose of their hazardous waste for them on farm fields throughout our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few cases, Dow and Shell have paid to clean up groundwater with 1,2,3-TCP. But in the more than 3 dozen cases filed against the companies over the contamination, they’ve never admitted any wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Dow and Shell declined my request for a taped interview. They sent me emails saying they couldn’t comment on active litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow spokesman Randy Fishback wrote that fumigants with 1,2,3-TCP were part of what he called “historical, highly beneficial agricultural products” that “controlled agricultural pests that otherwise would have caused millions of dollars in annual crop losses.” He added those products have been off the market for several decades, and that “TCP is also associated with certain industrial processes in which Dow had no involvement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tiny Communities Can’t Afford Cleanup\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_562005\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4272px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-562005\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"Woodville is a small farming community in Tulare County, where the 1,2,3-TCP in the drinking water is ten times the state's public health goal. \" width=\"4272\" height=\"2848\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1.jpg 4272w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4272px) 100vw, 4272px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woodville is a small farming community in Tulare County, where the 1,2,3-TCP in the drinking water is ten times the state’s public health goal. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the communities suing Dow and Shell have only a few hundred households, like Woodville in rural Tulare County. Ralph Gutierrez runs the water system here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m the meter reader, I’m the sewer line cleaner, I do the budget,” says Gutierrez, grinning in his cowboy boots and Dodger hat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He unlocks the gate to show me one of the town’s two drinking water wells, surrounded by orchards and cow pastures. These wells serve a total of 467 households, and 1,2,3-TCP has been detected in the water at 7 parts per trillion, ten times the public health goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dow and Shell are the ones that put this into the system,” Gutierrez says. “Obviously, they have money to attack their problems, but when you come to communities like this, they’re all farmworkers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gutierrez says there’s no way he can raise water rates high enough to pay for expensive carbon filtration to keep the carcinogen from reaching people’s taps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t want my kids drinking it,” he says. “Would Dow Chemical or Shell like their people to be drinking this water? I don’t think so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Results From My Tap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out the sample from my kitchen tap comes in at 2.2 parts per trillion. That’s three times the state public health goal for 1,2,3-TCP.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It’s been a high priority for us to develop regulations.”\u003ccite>Cindy Forbes, State Water Resources Control Board \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>OEHHA sets its goal to try to reduce the lifetime cancer risk to less than one in 1 million. So my risk is three in 1 million, over a lifetime drinking my tap water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, my overall risk of getting cancer from any source is much higher; it’s more like one in three. Truth is, I should probably be more worried about secondhand smoke, or Fresno’s notoriously dirty air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I’m not taking any chances with my kids. I’ve installed an undersink filter that says it takes out Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). But there’s no guarantee it takes out 1,2,3-TCP, because without a government standard, it’s not rated for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Regulation On Its Way\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water systems in the Central Valley have levels of 1,2,3-TCP that push the potential cancer risk to roughly one in 6,000. And a grassroots group called \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/cwc_kicks_off_2016_123tcp_campaign\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Water Center\u003c/a> is pressuring the state to set a maximum contaminant level for the compound. That’s an enforceable standard, unlike the public health goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 25 years after California declared 1,2,3-TCP to be a carcinogen, drinking water regulators are planning to set that level by next spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a high priority for us to develop regulations, but we have had so many other regulations with limited resources to work on, that we haven’t been able to get it over the finish line,” says Cindy Forbes, deputy director for the water board’s drinking water program. “There are a lot of pieces to setting a new maximum contaminant level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like conducting their own peer-reviewed science, taking public comment, and evaluating the cost of detection and cleanup — not just the health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our number one priority,” says Forbes. “It’s my priority, it’s the board’s priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasha Khokha has since moved from Fresno to the Bay Area, where she hosts KQED’s weekly edition of \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/\">The California Report\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>Update, July 18, 2017:\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">More than 25 years after the state determined that 1,2,3-TCP causes cancer, the State Water Resources Control Board voted to approve a standard for the chemical in drinking water. They set the limit at 5 parts per trillion, a level supported by clean water and pesticide reform advocates. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">The state will now start water systems to test all of their wells every month starting in January. \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Board chair Felicia Marcus called the vote, “a very important day for public health.” \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s a very serious public health threat,” agreed board Vice-Chair Steven Moore. “California officially determined that this is a carcinogen. And when you look at the science and the experiments and all that was done to show it, it is disquieting how serious and insidious this chemical is.” \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, June 20, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The state water board has proposed a standard for 1,2,3-TCP and held a \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/123-tcp/phtcp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">hearing\u003c/a> to receive public comment. The state is proposing that the maximum contamination for 1,2,3-TCP in drinking water be set at 5 parts per trillion. The nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Water Center\u003c/a>, which advocates for safe, clean drinking water in the San Joaquin Valley, testified in support of the proposed standard.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>State water officials have not yet formally implemented the standard, but they have issued an \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/documents/123-tcp/123tcp_map_5ppt.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">updated map\u003c/a> showing contaminated wells.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Fresno City Council \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/fresno-takes-first-step-toward-ridding-water-toxic-123-tcp#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has authorized\u003c/a> a study to find out how to remove 12,3-TCP from the city’s water supply. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, January 2, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In January, The State Water Resources Control Board is expected to roll out the draft of a first-ever enforceable standard for 1,2,3-TCP in California drinking water.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In December, the city of Clovis, in Fresno County, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article122257349.html\">won a $22 million court judgment\u003c/a> against Shell Oil Co., for TCP contamination in wells. More than 40 other cases remain open.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story, March 7, 2016:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have to admit, after the water crisis in Flint, Michigan, I’m a little freaked out about what’s in my tap water. So when I opened my water bill from the city of Fresno recently, I decided to actually read the “consumer confidence report” for drinking water. And I found this footnote in tiny print:\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"aligncenter\">\n\u003ch2>Consumer Confidence Report Footnote\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>123 Trichloropropane has been detected in 29 wells in Fresno…. Some people who use water containing it over many years may have an increased risk of getting cancer, based on studies in laboratory animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Wait…what? I have two little kids, and my family drinks the tap water. And it might cause cancer? I decided to fork out $200 to get mine tested. And to start digging into how 1,2,3-TCP got into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, it’s not just Fresno. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/certlic/drinkingwater/123TCP.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>, 1,2,3-TCP has been found in about a hundred public water systems across California, mostly in the Central Valley but also in counties like Santa Cruz, Monterey, Sacramento, and Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many Californians don’t know whether this stuff is in their water, because neither the state nor the federal EPA regulates 1,2,3-TCP in drinking water. So that means public utilities don’t have to test for it, filter it out, or advise their customers if it’s in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>123-TCP IN ACTIVE COMMUNITY WELLS\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch4>Water systems where significant levels of contaminant 123-TCP have been detected.\u003c/h4>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_561928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 700px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-561928 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/TCP_FinalGraphic.jpg\" alt=\"TCP_FinalGraphic\" width=\"700\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/TCP_FinalGraphic.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/TCP_FinalGraphic-400x446.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">SOURCE: CALIFORNIA STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD, MAP: Teodros Hailye, KQED Science\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s even though the state determined it was a carcinogen back in 1992. And the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) set a very low \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/water/phg/pdf/082009TCP_phg.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">public health goal \u003c/a>for 1,2,3-TCP in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is no absolutely no question that is a genotoxic carcinogen,” says Robert Howd, a toxicologist who led the scientific review for OEHHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been no studies of 1,2,3-TCP’s effect on humans, but animal studies showed multiple tumors at multiple sites in both rats and mice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data are very clear,” Howd says. “Virtually nobody is disputing that. There’s just no controversy about this being a DNA reactive carcinogen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howd’s team set the public health goal at .7 parts per trillion (.0007 parts per billion) The only carcinogen with a lower state public health goal for drinking water is dioxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>How Did It Get Into the Water? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">“This whole story begins in the 1930s, the dawn of the age of chemical agriculture” says San Francisco attorney \u003ca href=\"http://rbwaterlaw.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Daily-Journal-Article_8.20.12.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Todd Robins\u003c/a>. He represents about 30 communities around the state who are suing over 1,2,3-TCP contamination, and he’s spent the last decade trying to track how it leached into groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“Shell saw a huge opportunity to take a hazardous waste stream from their chemical plants…and start putting it in barrels, and selling it to farmers.”\u003ccite>San Francisco attorney Todd Robins\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Somebody at the Pineapple Research Institute in Honolulu got ahold of this sample of what was essentially hazardous waste from a chemical production process at Shell,” he says, “and he used it in some experiments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiments, Robins says, were to figure out how to control nematodes, tiny microscopic worms in the soil that attack a plant’s roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Shell saw a huge opportunity to take a hazardous waste stream from their chemical plants … and start putting it in barrels, and selling it to farmers,” says Robins. “Then Dow soon followed suit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The companies sold the product to farmers as a fumigant, which is injected into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robins has compiled a huge stack of documents that show neither Dow Chemical nor Shell \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000464-00240-19741121.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">listed 1,2,3-TCP\u003c/a> on their \u003ca href=\"http://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/ppls/000201-00253-19690414.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">product labels\u003c/a>, even though it was one of several ingredients. One of Dow’s own scientists \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/TCP_memo.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">admitted\u003c/a> that the compound had served no function killing nematodes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robins shows me a 1974 memo where Dow describes some of the fumigant components as “garbage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_562003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4272px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-562003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez.jpg\" alt=\"Ralph Gutierrez says Shell and Dow should pay to clean 1,2,3-TCP out of Woodville's water.\" width=\"4272\" height=\"2848\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez.jpg 4272w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/ralph-gutierrez-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4272px) 100vw, 4272px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ralph Gutierrez says Shell and Dow should pay to clean 1,2,3-TCP out of Woodville’s water. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Some of the most startling information is how clearly the companies understood from a scientific perspective the amount of garbage they were putting into these products,” says Robins, “and knowingly having farmers essentially dispose of their hazardous waste for them on farm fields throughout our state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few cases, Dow and Shell have paid to clean up groundwater with 1,2,3-TCP. But in the more than 3 dozen cases filed against the companies over the contamination, they’ve never admitted any wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Dow and Shell declined my request for a taped interview. They sent me emails saying they couldn’t comment on active litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dow spokesman Randy Fishback wrote that fumigants with 1,2,3-TCP were part of what he called “historical, highly beneficial agricultural products” that “controlled agricultural pests that otherwise would have caused millions of dollars in annual crop losses.” He added those products have been off the market for several decades, and that “TCP is also associated with certain industrial processes in which Dow had no involvement.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tiny Communities Can’t Afford Cleanup\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_562005\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 4272px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-562005\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1.jpg\" alt=\"Woodville is a small farming community in Tulare County, where the 1,2,3-TCP in the drinking water is ten times the state's public health goal. \" width=\"4272\" height=\"2848\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1.jpg 4272w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/woodville-3-1-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 4272px) 100vw, 4272px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Woodville is a small farming community in Tulare County, where the 1,2,3-TCP in the drinking water is ten times the state’s public health goal. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the communities suing Dow and Shell have only a few hundred households, like Woodville in rural Tulare County. Ralph Gutierrez runs the water system here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m the meter reader, I’m the sewer line cleaner, I do the budget,” says Gutierrez, grinning in his cowboy boots and Dodger hat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He unlocks the gate to show me one of the town’s two drinking water wells, surrounded by orchards and cow pastures. These wells serve a total of 467 households, and 1,2,3-TCP has been detected in the water at 7 parts per trillion, ten times the public health goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Dow and Shell are the ones that put this into the system,” Gutierrez says. “Obviously, they have money to attack their problems, but when you come to communities like this, they’re all farmworkers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gutierrez says there’s no way he can raise water rates high enough to pay for expensive carbon filtration to keep the carcinogen from reaching people’s taps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t want my kids drinking it,” he says. “Would Dow Chemical or Shell like their people to be drinking this water? I don’t think so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Results From My Tap\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out the sample from my kitchen tap comes in at 2.2 parts per trillion. That’s three times the state public health goal for 1,2,3-TCP.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It’s been a high priority for us to develop regulations.”\u003ccite>Cindy Forbes, State Water Resources Control Board \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>OEHHA sets its goal to try to reduce the lifetime cancer risk to less than one in 1 million. So my risk is three in 1 million, over a lifetime drinking my tap water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, my overall risk of getting cancer from any source is much higher; it’s more like one in three. Truth is, I should probably be more worried about secondhand smoke, or Fresno’s notoriously dirty air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I’m not taking any chances with my kids. I’ve installed an undersink filter that says it takes out Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs). But there’s no guarantee it takes out 1,2,3-TCP, because without a government standard, it’s not rated for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Regulation On Its Way\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water systems in the Central Valley have levels of 1,2,3-TCP that push the potential cancer risk to roughly one in 6,000. And a grassroots group called \u003ca href=\"http://www.communitywatercenter.org/cwc_kicks_off_2016_123tcp_campaign\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Water Center\u003c/a> is pressuring the state to set a maximum contaminant level for the compound. That’s an enforceable standard, unlike the public health goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 25 years after California declared 1,2,3-TCP to be a carcinogen, drinking water regulators are planning to set that level by next spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been a high priority for us to develop regulations, but we have had so many other regulations with limited resources to work on, that we haven’t been able to get it over the finish line,” says Cindy Forbes, deputy director for the water board’s drinking water program. “There are a lot of pieces to setting a new maximum contaminant level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like conducting their own peer-reviewed science, taking public comment, and evaluating the cost of detection and cleanup — not just the health risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s our number one priority,” says Forbes. “It’s my priority, it’s the board’s priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sasha Khokha has since moved from Fresno to the Bay Area, where she hosts KQED’s weekly edition of \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/\">The California Report\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Report: State, Feds 'Negligent' in Oversight of Oroville Dam",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated, 3:45 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new report by a group of independent engineering analysts investigating the failure of the Oroville Dam's spillways earlier this year says state and federal agencies were guilty of negligence in their management of the facility, pointing to a long series of alleged failures they say led not only to February's near-disaster but could also pose threats to the immense dam itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3898834-Bea-and-Johnson-ROOT-CAUSES-REPORT.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The report\u003c/a>, the third in a series of analyses exploring root causes of the spillway failure undertaken by Robert Bea, a retired UC Berkeley civil engineering professor, says the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the California Department of Water Resources and its associated Division of Safety of Dams all failed to act on evidence that dam's massive concrete spillway was seriously compromised prior to a massive breach that appeared on Feb. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The break in the structure set off a chain of events, including the dam's first-ever use of an unpaved hillside as an emergency spillway, that led to the evacuation of 180,000 people living along the Feather River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Oroville Dam Gated Spillway failure/self-destruction was preventable,\" the new analysis says. \"Over decades, there were many opportunities for DWR, DSOD, and FERC to recognize and investigate serious issues that could have led to effective remedial measures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report calls the agencies \"negligent\" in failing to identify and correct the spillway problems -- flaws the study says dated back to its construction and resulted in repeated cycles of serious damage and extensive repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have concluded DWR and DSOD should have taken the steps to update the design, construction, operations and maintenance facilities so as to satisfy its documented statutory, regulatory and management responsibilities,\" the report says. \"A superficial ‘patch and pray’ approach is not an acceptable safety and risk management process for important public infrastructure systems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first report\u003c/a>, released in April, concluded that substandard design, construction and maintenance of the spillway led to the Feb. 7 breach. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3898846-Oroville-Forensic-Board.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary list\u003c/a> of \"possible physical factors\" from an expert forensics panel appointed to investigate the spillway failure later cited many of the same potential causes discussed in Bea's initial analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said in an email: \"The forensic team, a collection of internationally respected scientists with dam safety and engineering expertise, continues its comprehensive assessment of the cause of the failure and we expect their report to be completed this fall. In the meantime, we welcome additional analyses and studies and will ensure this report is shared with the forensic team.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FERC did not respond immediately to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea's second report, delivered in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3898955-Bea-May-11-Testimony-Report-Rev-1-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testimony\u003c/a> to the Legislature in May, included a series of recommendations to overhaul the DWR's project management, inspection and maintenance practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three reports were produced under the auspices of UC Berkeley's \u003ca href=\"http://ccrm.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Catastrophic Risk Management\u003c/a>. Each of the studies has included analyses performed by a wide array of independent researchers -- some of whom first posted their findings and speculations in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/*/index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Free Republic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.metabunk.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Metabunk\u003c/a> online communities -- and reviewed by Bea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report released Thursday also delves into ongoing maintenance issues at the dam, citing years of DWR inspection reports that have documented possible problems with the massive concrete structure that supports the spillway gates and with an area of persistent moisture -- which has come to be known in official documents as \"the green spot\" -- on the downstream face of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study suggests those issues put the entire dam complex at risk of failure. The Department of Water Resources has not commented on the spillway gate issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR has said -- for instance, in a page of \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/faqs.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">frequently asked questions\u003c/a> -- that the dam is sound and has never been at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department has also attributed green areas on the dam to rainfall and noted green areas first appeared on the structure before the reservoir behind it, Lake Oroville, filled in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, DWR spokeswoman Mellon said the department is \"working on a preliminary report explaining the green spot. ... There has also been an on-going evaluation and there will be a subsequent final report on this longstanding issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is in the midst of a crash construction program to replace parts of the shattered spillway before autumn rains begin. Omaha-based Kiewit Infrastructure West is working to replace the lower part of the structure this year, then demolish and replace the upper section in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work this year also involves installing a 1,700-foot-long wall to protect the dam's emergency weir. Severe erosion occurred when water began flowing over that structure in February, threatening to undermine it and release a catastrophic torrent of water downstream. Concern about the weir's apparently imminent failure led to mass evacuations in Butte, Yuba and Sutter counties on Feb. 12.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated, 3:45 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new report by a group of independent engineering analysts investigating the failure of the Oroville Dam's spillways earlier this year says state and federal agencies were guilty of negligence in their management of the facility, pointing to a long series of alleged failures they say led not only to February's near-disaster but could also pose threats to the immense dam itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3898834-Bea-and-Johnson-ROOT-CAUSES-REPORT.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The report\u003c/a>, the third in a series of analyses exploring root causes of the spillway failure undertaken by Robert Bea, a retired UC Berkeley civil engineering professor, says the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, the California Department of Water Resources and its associated Division of Safety of Dams all failed to act on evidence that dam's massive concrete spillway was seriously compromised prior to a massive breach that appeared on Feb. 7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The break in the structure set off a chain of events, including the dam's first-ever use of an unpaved hillside as an emergency spillway, that led to the evacuation of 180,000 people living along the Feather River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Oroville Dam Gated Spillway failure/self-destruction was preventable,\" the new analysis says. \"Over decades, there were many opportunities for DWR, DSOD, and FERC to recognize and investigate serious issues that could have led to effective remedial measures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report calls the agencies \"negligent\" in failing to identify and correct the spillway problems -- flaws the study says dated back to its construction and resulted in repeated cycles of serious damage and extensive repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have concluded DWR and DSOD should have taken the steps to update the design, construction, operations and maintenance facilities so as to satisfy its documented statutory, regulatory and management responsibilities,\" the report says. \"A superficial ‘patch and pray’ approach is not an acceptable safety and risk management process for important public infrastructure systems.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first report\u003c/a>, released in April, concluded that substandard design, construction and maintenance of the spillway led to the Feb. 7 breach. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3898846-Oroville-Forensic-Board.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preliminary list\u003c/a> of \"possible physical factors\" from an expert forensics panel appointed to investigate the spillway failure later cited many of the same potential causes discussed in Bea's initial analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment, DWR spokeswoman Erin Mellon said in an email: \"The forensic team, a collection of internationally respected scientists with dam safety and engineering expertise, continues its comprehensive assessment of the cause of the failure and we expect their report to be completed this fall. In the meantime, we welcome additional analyses and studies and will ensure this report is shared with the forensic team.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FERC did not respond immediately to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bea's second report, delivered in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3898955-Bea-May-11-Testimony-Report-Rev-1-1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testimony\u003c/a> to the Legislature in May, included a series of recommendations to overhaul the DWR's project management, inspection and maintenance practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three reports were produced under the auspices of UC Berkeley's \u003ca href=\"http://ccrm.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Center for Catastrophic Risk Management\u003c/a>. Each of the studies has included analyses performed by a wide array of independent researchers -- some of whom first posted their findings and speculations in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.freerepublic.com/tag/*/index\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Free Republic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.metabunk.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Metabunk\u003c/a> online communities -- and reviewed by Bea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report released Thursday also delves into ongoing maintenance issues at the dam, citing years of DWR inspection reports that have documented possible problems with the massive concrete structure that supports the spillway gates and with an area of persistent moisture -- which has come to be known in official documents as \"the green spot\" -- on the downstream face of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study suggests those issues put the entire dam complex at risk of failure. The Department of Water Resources has not commented on the spillway gate issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DWR has said -- for instance, in a page of \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/oroville-spillway/faqs.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">frequently asked questions\u003c/a> -- that the dam is sound and has never been at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department has also attributed green areas on the dam to rainfall and noted green areas first appeared on the structure before the reservoir behind it, Lake Oroville, filled in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, DWR spokeswoman Mellon said the department is \"working on a preliminary report explaining the green spot. ... There has also been an on-going evaluation and there will be a subsequent final report on this longstanding issue.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is in the midst of a crash construction program to replace parts of the shattered spillway before autumn rains begin. Omaha-based Kiewit Infrastructure West is working to replace the lower part of the structure this year, then demolish and replace the upper section in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work this year also involves installing a 1,700-foot-long wall to protect the dam's emergency weir. Severe erosion occurred when water began flowing over that structure in February, threatening to undermine it and release a catastrophic torrent of water downstream. Concern about the weir's apparently imminent failure led to mass evacuations in Butte, Yuba and Sutter counties on Feb. 12.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump’s Interior Department prevented Glacier National Park’s superintendent from accompanying Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg on a recent park tour to save money, not to mute criticism over climate change, a spokeswoman for the agency said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park superintendent Jeff Mow and U.S. Geological Survey ecologist Daniel Fagre had planned to accompany Zuckerberg last weekend, but Interior Department officials in Washington, D.C., decided to assign park rangers to the tour instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg, who has previously criticized Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris climate decision, highlighted the effects of climate change on the park in a Facebook post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a couple of decades, there may not be any glaciers left in the park at all,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists predict Glacier National Park’s glaciers will largely disappear by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mow has participated in the park service’s climate change response program and has given public presentations on how warming temperatures are affecting parks in Montana and Alaska, where he previously worked. Last year, Mow accompanied then-Interior Secretary Sally Jewell on a tour that emphasized climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really have a bully pulpit to begin talking about climate change,” he said of Glacier officials in a 2015 TEDx talk in Whitefish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fagre is a top scientist studying climate change. He told the Flathead Beacon that he had been scheduled to go on the Zuckerberg tour and then was told without explanation that he couldn’t participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Glacier National Park did not return a call for comment Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke’s spokeswoman, Heather Swift, denied that the decision to pull Mow and Fagre from the tour was related to the climate change debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was about using government resources and tax dollars responsibly, especially at the height of busy season,” she said. So the agency assigned other park officials to Zuckerberg, and he was given “first-class treatment,” Swift said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked how much money the Interior Department saved by substituting park rangers for Mow and Fagre, Swift declined to provide an amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every tax dollar matters,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Washington Post first reported about Interior Department officials preventing Mow and Fagre from meeting with Zuckerberg.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump’s Interior Department prevented Glacier National Park’s superintendent from accompanying Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg on a recent park tour to save money, not to mute criticism over climate change, a spokeswoman for the agency said Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park superintendent Jeff Mow and U.S. Geological Survey ecologist Daniel Fagre had planned to accompany Zuckerberg last weekend, but Interior Department officials in Washington, D.C., decided to assign park rangers to the tour instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg, who has previously criticized Trump’s decision to withdraw from the Paris climate decision, highlighted the effects of climate change on the park in a Facebook post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a couple of decades, there may not be any glaciers left in the park at all,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists predict Glacier National Park’s glaciers will largely disappear by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mow has participated in the park service’s climate change response program and has given public presentations on how warming temperatures are affecting parks in Montana and Alaska, where he previously worked. Last year, Mow accompanied then-Interior Secretary Sally Jewell on a tour that emphasized climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really have a bully pulpit to begin talking about climate change,” he said of Glacier officials in a 2015 TEDx talk in Whitefish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fagre is a top scientist studying climate change. He told the Flathead Beacon that he had been scheduled to go on the Zuckerberg tour and then was told without explanation that he couldn’t participate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Glacier National Park did not return a call for comment Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke’s spokeswoman, Heather Swift, denied that the decision to pull Mow and Fagre from the tour was related to the climate change debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was about using government resources and tax dollars responsibly, especially at the height of busy season,” she said. So the agency assigned other park officials to Zuckerberg, and he was given “first-class treatment,” Swift said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked how much money the Interior Department saved by substituting park rangers for Mow and Fagre, Swift declined to provide an amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every tax dollar matters,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Washington Post first reported about Interior Department officials preventing Mow and Fagre from meeting with Zuckerberg.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Fight for the Future of Point Reyes",
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"content": "\u003cp>An uncertain future faces the beloved landscape of the Point Reyes National Seashore. Here, amid rolling hills, a quarter of the seashore’s land is used for ranching and some environmental groups want cattle erased from the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.westernwatersheds.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Pt-Reyes-settlement-FILED.pdf\">settlement\u003c/a> reached July 12, between the National Park Service and environmental groups, requires the park to assess the impact of cattle grazing on the park’s ecosystems and halt the process of issuing long-term leases to the ranchers. Some worry it may set the gears in motion for a complete phase-out of ranching in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict highlights fundamentally opposing views over the question of the purpose of protected land: native wildlife and recreation, or should it also preserve iconic human landscapes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1866426\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1866426\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-768x508.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-960x634.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-375x248.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-520x344.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch.jpg 1604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows going home to J Ranch \u003ccite>(Laura Watt / Sonoma State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>’s Worth Saving? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Molvar, the Executive Director of the Western Watersheds Project, thinks the natural elements of the park should be the priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d like to see the Pt. Reyes National Seashore return to the point where you have native plants and wildflowers,” he says. “Where you have the rare Tule elk thriving across the entire length and breadth of the national seashore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others believe that the historic character of the park should also have a role and the mix of ranches and wild land is what makes Pt. Reyes so special.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is land that was being used for agricultural purposes for a long time at the time of the creation of this park,” says Nicolette Hahn Niman of BN Ranch, who raises cattle in Pt. Reyes and was a co-defendant with the National Park Service in the lawsuit, along with other ranchers. “It’s very much part of the human history of this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1866425\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1866425\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking down at Home Bay \u003ccite>(Laura Watt / Sonoma State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conflict Over the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranchers have grazed cattle in the area since the mid-1800s. Early European settlers found prime grazing land abundant with grasses and forbs. These coastal grasslands were most likely maintained by indigenous people, such as the Coast Miwok and their ancestors, who managed the land for thousands of years by burning, pruning and harvesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1960s, a combination of unfavorable economics, competition, labor costs, environmental regulation, taxes and land values threatened to put ranchers out of business. The NPS petitioned Congress for the creation of a federally protected area, after arrangements were made to keep existing ranches in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">‘If done right, it’s going to be a huge public service — it’s going to resolve controversies.‘ \u003ccite>Jeff Miller, Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Farming in the park takes a lot of water during drought years, which means less for wildlife, which are then producing polluted water which gets into estuaries, wetlands, and streams” says Jeff Miller, Conservation Advocate at the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the plaintiffs for the case. “There are too many animals out there and it’s having an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molvar would like to see the removal of cattle from the landscape; he refers to them as an ‘invasive species.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we take the grazing pressure down a notch, the native grasses, forbs and wildflowers have some time to recover,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it is not universally accepted that removing the cattle would be better for the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes farming can be helpful to an ecosystem and sometimes it can be harmful,” says Laura Watt, professor of environmental history and planning at Sonoma State University and author of \u003cem>The Paradox of Preservation: Wilderness and Working Landscapes at Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/em>. She cites ecological benefits such as keeping down tall grasses that pose a fire hazard. “To say blanketly that is it good or bad is always going to be wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1866424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1866424\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-800x630.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-800x630.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-768x605.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-1020x803.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-1180x929.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-960x756.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-240x189.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-375x295.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-520x410.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180.jpg 1450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tule elk wander into a cattle pasture on the Home Ranch \u003ccite>(Laura Watt / Sonoma State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There is also an aesthetic value to ranching as a hallmark aspect of the Pt. Reyes landscape, Watt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cattle grazing were to stop all-together, the primary grazer left on the land would be the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj2sMXwm5TVAhUCwFQKHfIhBrAQFggoMAA&url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.nps.gov%252Fpore%252Flearn%252Fnature%252Ftule_elk.htm&usg=AFQjCNHpkFi0ynggHEJOlpvs9NZm37Dcpw\">Tule elk\u003c/a>. This native species went extinct from the area in the 1850s (largely because of uncontrolled hunting) and were reintroduced to the park multiple times in the past decades, once in 1978 and again in 1998. However, Tule elk compete with cattle for forage and are susceptible to the same diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the latest reintroduction, the elk have made a remarkable recovery, even becoming a victim of their own success. The park’s management of the elk has been a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2015/06/16/tule-elk-breed-problems-for-national-park-management/\">flashpoint\u003c/a> for controversy in recent years, sprouting much debate about how to control population size and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Everybody Wins?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sides are hesitantly declaring the settlement a victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Settlements by their nature are compromises, which means nobody gets what they really want,” says Molvar, “but I think that it is certainly a step forward…from an openness and public process perspective. Now everyone will get a chance to provide their input.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park has five years to conduct impact statements and create a general management plan to articulate their plan, and how ranching either fits or conflicts with those goals. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfnps.org/files/pdf/Mgmt_Docs/Park_Specific_Pages/PORE/PORE_1980_GMP.pdf\">previous\u003c/a> plan was created in 1980 and, according to all parties, is in desperate need of an update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1866427\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1866427\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-800x538.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-768x516.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-1180x794.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-960x646.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-375x252.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-520x350.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach.jpg 1597w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drake’s Beach. The National Seashore was originally founded in part to provide public beach access to urban people in the Bay Area \u003ccite>(Laura Watt / Sonoma State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good deal all around,” says Miller. “It focuses on the issues that are most contentious right now, everyone can weigh in, and the park service can decide appropriate uses under what conditions moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The end goal is certainly not to maximize commercial endeavors for private parties. That’s not the highest use of National Park public land. Our end goal is to have a plan amendment that looks at these issues that is based on good science and information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niman agrees that there are upsides to the settlement. “These are the conversations about management that are taking place more now because of this legal action,” she says. “To me that’s the silver lining of this whole process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unusual aspect of the settlement is that it requires the NPS to assess the impact of different ranching scenarios in the park, including ending ranching completely. Some worry this could be the first steps towards phasing it out. This would follow a trend of commercial operations being booted from the seashore, such as Drakes Bay Oyster Co., which was required to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/31/commercial-operations-close-at-drakes-bay-oyster-company/\">end its operations\u003c/a> after legal action in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, everything is going to stay the same. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>That was one of the things that everyone could agree to in the settlement. During this time, ranches can receive short-term five-year leases. In the next four years the park will hold numerous public hearings, in addition to a public comment period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If done right, it’s going to be a huge public service,” says Miller, “it’s going to resolve controversies.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An uncertain future faces the beloved landscape of the Point Reyes National Seashore. Here, amid rolling hills, a quarter of the seashore’s land is used for ranching and some environmental groups want cattle erased from the picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.westernwatersheds.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Pt-Reyes-settlement-FILED.pdf\">settlement\u003c/a> reached July 12, between the National Park Service and environmental groups, requires the park to assess the impact of cattle grazing on the park’s ecosystems and halt the process of issuing long-term leases to the ranchers. Some worry it may set the gears in motion for a complete phase-out of ranching in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict highlights fundamentally opposing views over the question of the purpose of protected land: native wildlife and recreation, or should it also preserve iconic human landscapes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1866426\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1866426\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-768x508.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-960x634.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-375x248.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch-520x344.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/cowsgoinghome-Kranch.jpg 1604w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cows going home to J Ranch \u003ccite>(Laura Watt / Sonoma State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>’s Worth Saving? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erik Molvar, the Executive Director of the Western Watersheds Project, thinks the natural elements of the park should be the priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d like to see the Pt. Reyes National Seashore return to the point where you have native plants and wildflowers,” he says. “Where you have the rare Tule elk thriving across the entire length and breadth of the national seashore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others believe that the historic character of the park should also have a role and the mix of ranches and wild land is what makes Pt. Reyes so special.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is land that was being used for agricultural purposes for a long time at the time of the creation of this park,” says Nicolette Hahn Niman of BN Ranch, who raises cattle in Pt. Reyes and was a co-defendant with the National Park Service in the lawsuit, along with other ranchers. “It’s very much part of the human history of this area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1866425\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1866425\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-800x800.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-1920x1920.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9818-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking down at Home Bay \u003ccite>(Laura Watt / Sonoma State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conflict Over the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ranchers have grazed cattle in the area since the mid-1800s. Early European settlers found prime grazing land abundant with grasses and forbs. These coastal grasslands were most likely maintained by indigenous people, such as the Coast Miwok and their ancestors, who managed the land for thousands of years by burning, pruning and harvesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1960s, a combination of unfavorable economics, competition, labor costs, environmental regulation, taxes and land values threatened to put ranchers out of business. The NPS petitioned Congress for the creation of a federally protected area, after arrangements were made to keep existing ranches in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"“pullquote alignright\">‘If done right, it’s going to be a huge public service — it’s going to resolve controversies.‘ \u003ccite>Jeff Miller, Center for Biological Diversity\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Farming in the park takes a lot of water during drought years, which means less for wildlife, which are then producing polluted water which gets into estuaries, wetlands, and streams” says Jeff Miller, Conservation Advocate at the Center for Biological Diversity, one of the plaintiffs for the case. “There are too many animals out there and it’s having an impact.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molvar would like to see the removal of cattle from the landscape; he refers to them as an ‘invasive species.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we take the grazing pressure down a notch, the native grasses, forbs and wildflowers have some time to recover,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, it is not universally accepted that removing the cattle would be better for the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes farming can be helpful to an ecosystem and sometimes it can be harmful,” says Laura Watt, professor of environmental history and planning at Sonoma State University and author of \u003cem>The Paradox of Preservation: Wilderness and Working Landscapes at Point Reyes National Seashore\u003c/em>. She cites ecological benefits such as keeping down tall grasses that pose a fire hazard. “To say blanketly that is it good or bad is always going to be wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1866424\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1866424\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-800x630.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"630\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-800x630.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-768x605.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-1020x803.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-1180x929.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-960x756.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-240x189.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-375x295.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180-520x410.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_9795-e1500585369180.jpg 1450w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tule elk wander into a cattle pasture on the Home Ranch \u003ccite>(Laura Watt / Sonoma State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There is also an aesthetic value to ranching as a hallmark aspect of the Pt. Reyes landscape, Watt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cattle grazing were to stop all-together, the primary grazer left on the land would be the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwj2sMXwm5TVAhUCwFQKHfIhBrAQFggoMAA&url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.nps.gov%252Fpore%252Flearn%252Fnature%252Ftule_elk.htm&usg=AFQjCNHpkFi0ynggHEJOlpvs9NZm37Dcpw\">Tule elk\u003c/a>. This native species went extinct from the area in the 1850s (largely because of uncontrolled hunting) and were reintroduced to the park multiple times in the past decades, once in 1978 and again in 1998. However, Tule elk compete with cattle for forage and are susceptible to the same diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the latest reintroduction, the elk have made a remarkable recovery, even becoming a victim of their own success. The park’s management of the elk has been a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2015/06/16/tule-elk-breed-problems-for-national-park-management/\">flashpoint\u003c/a> for controversy in recent years, sprouting much debate about how to control population size and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Everybody Wins?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both sides are hesitantly declaring the settlement a victory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Settlements by their nature are compromises, which means nobody gets what they really want,” says Molvar, “but I think that it is certainly a step forward…from an openness and public process perspective. Now everyone will get a chance to provide their input.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park has five years to conduct impact statements and create a general management plan to articulate their plan, and how ranching either fits or conflicts with those goals. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfnps.org/files/pdf/Mgmt_Docs/Park_Specific_Pages/PORE/PORE_1980_GMP.pdf\">previous\u003c/a> plan was created in 1980 and, according to all parties, is in desperate need of an update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1866427\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1866427\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-800x538.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-768x516.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-1180x794.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-960x646.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-375x252.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach-520x350.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/drakesbeach.jpg 1597w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drake’s Beach. The National Seashore was originally founded in part to provide public beach access to urban people in the Bay Area \u003ccite>(Laura Watt / Sonoma State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s a good deal all around,” says Miller. “It focuses on the issues that are most contentious right now, everyone can weigh in, and the park service can decide appropriate uses under what conditions moving forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The end goal is certainly not to maximize commercial endeavors for private parties. That’s not the highest use of National Park public land. Our end goal is to have a plan amendment that looks at these issues that is based on good science and information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Niman agrees that there are upsides to the settlement. “These are the conversations about management that are taking place more now because of this legal action,” she says. “To me that’s the silver lining of this whole process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unusual aspect of the settlement is that it requires the NPS to assess the impact of different ranching scenarios in the park, including ending ranching completely. Some worry this could be the first steps towards phasing it out. This would follow a trend of commercial operations being booted from the seashore, such as Drakes Bay Oyster Co., which was required to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/07/31/commercial-operations-close-at-drakes-bay-oyster-company/\">end its operations\u003c/a> after legal action in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking forward\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, everything is going to stay the same. \u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>That was one of the things that everyone could agree to in the settlement. During this time, ranches can receive short-term five-year leases. In the next four years the park will hold numerous public hearings, in addition to a public comment period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If done right, it’s going to be a huge public service,” says Miller, “it’s going to resolve controversies.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>House Republicans are trying to drastically change the way California uses water. \u003ca href=\"https://valadao.house.gov/uploadedfiles/the_grow_act_bill_text.pdf\">H.R. 23\u003c/a> would send more water to farms, and less to wildlife refuges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-us-house-oppose-bill-requiring-california-adopt\">strongly-worded statement\u003c/a>, Attorney General Xavier Becerra pointed out that this bill would force California to adopt weaker federal water quality standards instead of the state’s tougher environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>House Republicans are trying to drastically change the way California uses water. \u003ca href=\"https://valadao.house.gov/uploadedfiles/the_grow_act_bill_text.pdf\">H.R. 23\u003c/a> would send more water to farms, and less to wildlife refuges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-becerra-us-house-oppose-bill-requiring-california-adopt\">strongly-worded statement\u003c/a>, Attorney General Xavier Becerra pointed out that this bill would force California to adopt weaker federal water quality standards instead of the state’s tougher environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "As State Clears Troubled Gas Field to Reopen, Governor Calls for It to Close",
"title": "As State Clears Troubled Gas Field to Reopen, Governor Calls for It to Close",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two state agencies on Wednesday cleared the Aliso Canyon gas storage field to resume operations, while the same afternoon Gov. Jerry Brown called for it to eventually close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an odd juxtaposition of different state entities acting simultaneously on the controversial gas storage field, where a well ruptured in late 2015 and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/porter-ranch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drove thousands of people from their homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well could soon resume operations, according to a joint announcement by officials of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and the state Department of Conservation's Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in a letter dated Wednesday, State Energy Commission Chairman Robert B. Weisenmiller said, \"Governor Brown has asked me to plan for the permanent closure of the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility, and I urge the California Public Utilities Commission to do the same.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news came in Weisenmiller's\u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/releases/2017_releases/2017-07-19-energy-commission-chair-releases-letter-ailso-canyon_nr.pdf\"> letter to PUC chairman Michael Picker.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My staff is prepared to work with the CPUC and other agencies on a plan to phase out the use of the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility within 10 years,\" Weisenmiller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jfWf3vPxxOvZYX0b57AIwdgire5d2iMD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Documents/Aliso/OrderfromStateOilandGasSupervisor.pdf\">PUC and DOGGR order\u003c/a> was something that Southern California Gas Co. has long awaited, coming months after it completed an extensive safety overhaul of its Aliso Canyon gas storage field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PUC/DOGGR decision means SoCal Gas is cleared to resume injecting gas into the underground gas reservoir and draw it out to serve customers. After a gas well ruptured in October 2015, the state ordered the gas level to be drawn down and it placed a moratorium on refilling the field until extensive safety upgrades and inspections were completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas will not immediately resume injecting gas into the field, said company spokesman Chris Gilbride in an emailed statement. First, the company is required to conduct overflights with instruments that measure the amount of methane coming off the field before injections begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We estimate it could be a week or two to resume operation of the field,\" said Timothy Sullivan, executive director of the Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan said Weisenmiller's call for Aliso to be closed is just one element of many that will go into the PUC's eventual decision whether to permit it to remain open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Operations at the field will be different from before the gas well blowout, though. The company must keep the volume and pressure of gas at less than one-third of what it was in October 2015 when a gas well ruptured, causing the nation's largest recorded uncontrolled natural gas leak, the state agencies ordered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas field, when operating at full capacity, can hold 86 billion cubic feet of gas that can be withdrawn for customers. Under the new rules, the field could hold just 23.6 billion cubic feet. That amount is what state energy officials calculate is enough gas to avoid a shortage when demand peaks on the state's hottest or coldest weather streaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"okUlrKv69H5JYkIwkwtqufKhBFs4FZbc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company had repeatedly stated that the moratorium on operations at the gas field could put the region at risk of a gas shortage and power outages on hot days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, there is enough gas moving through the SoCal Gas network of pipelines to serve homes and businesses, as well as large users like gas-fired power plants. However, when the amount of gas those plants order is less than what they use, SoCal Gas draws the extra from storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the storage field stalled, the company warned power outages could occur if gas demand peaked on hot or cold days. The energy industry responded to the lack of storage by adopting much more careful rules for ordering and using gas. No gas shortage-related outages occurred since the moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An independent research firm is still analyzing the cause of the gas well break. A state inquiry required by a law passed last year requires the state Legislature to conduct an assessment of the long-term viability of all natural gas storage facilities in California, including the Aliso Canyon field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas said the Aliso field is necessary for the region’s energy reliability and that the safety overhaul of the gas field means it now meets or exceeds state requirements, Gilbride said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11577804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11577804\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"A SoCalGas worker at the company's Aliso Canyon Storage Facility\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-1020x637.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-960x600.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-520x325.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A SoCalGas worker at the company's Aliso Canyon Storage Facility \u003ccite>(Courtesy SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the key changes was to limit the movement of gas in and out of the field through only the center tubing of each well. Previously, it moved gas through the center tubing as well as the doughnut-shaped space between that tubing and the well casing. That is a method that, while not unusual in the gas industry, is not a best practice because that doughnut-shaped space is meant to be a secondary layer of protection against a leak or break in a gas well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company constantly monitors gas pressure in all its wells, and staffers visually inspect each well four times a day and use infrared cameras to detect methane leaks, Gilbride said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issam Najm, president of the Porter Ranch Neighborhood Council, said there remains widespread local opposition to operations resuming at the gas storage field. In particular, he objected to the state order that requires SoCal Gas to keep methane emissions from the gas field below 250 kilograms per hour. That equals 6,000 kilograms a day, or 6 metric tons of methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That amount is too high, he said, given that the gas well blowout, over the course of about four months is estimated to have put 109,000 metric tons of methane into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limit that appears in the state order was set by the California Air Resources Board based on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/methane/NG_Chart_All.png\">survey of methane levels typically seen at the Aliso Canyon and other gas storage fields\u003c/a>, spokesman Dave Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a lot, given the size of that facility,” Clegern said of the Aliso Canyon gas field, which covers thousands of acres and contains more than 100 gas wells. The limit is low enough that a leak or other mishap would clearly show up on infrared video, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several state and local politicians were not happy with the clearance to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11577806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11577806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holds a sign at a public hearing before the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding a proposed abatement order to stop the massive Aliso Canyon natural gas leak, on January 16, 2016, near Porter Ranch.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman holds a sign at a public hearing before the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding a proposed abatement order to stop the massive Aliso Canyon natural gas leak, on January 16, 2016, near Porter Ranch. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County Supervisor Kathryn Barger said she was disappointed at the reopening. The county planned to ask a judge for an order to block it, her spokesman Tony Bell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The facility should remain closed until the root cause analysis and energy reliability study are completed and the health concerns of our impacted residents are fully addressed to the satisfaction of county health officials,” Barger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County has sued to force SoCal Gas to pay for an extensive health study of nearby residents. While many were sickened during the gas leak, some continue to report illnesses. SoCal Gas agreed to fund a health study as part of its settlement with the South Coast Air Quality Management District, but the amount is far below the $35 million or more the county Department of Public Health considers necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Henry Stern, who represents the Porter Ranch area, authored a bill, SB 57, to keep the moratorium on operations intact at least until the investigation into the well break is completed and the ongoing earthquake risk to more than 100 other aging wells is studied. He called the reopening decision premature and unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"5lwNQGNDp4Zh1w63Iy1OHrY43JOhF29Y\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the Energy Commission’s suggestion to shut Aliso down and replace it with clean energy over the next decade is encouraging, the community won’t have comfort unless there are real teeth to this plan,” Stern said in an email statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Brad Sherman, whose family lives in Porter Ranch, criticized state regulators for declining to require subsurface safety valves on the remaining gas wells at Aliso among its newly drafted rules for gas storage fields. The well that ruptured came equipped with an underground safety valve that failed decades ago and was not replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They refuse to commit to subsurface safety valves. Not now. Not later,” Sherman said in an email statement. “Just because California’s standards for the storage of natural gas are stronger than those in other states or the federal government does not mean they are sufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food and Water Watch, an environmental group working with Porter Ranch residents to oppose reopening of the gas field, called Brown’s call for the eventual closure of Aliso a “sellout” of families that have been sickened by chemicals coming from the gas well blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to resume gas operations at Aliso was reckless because it “minimizes the serious health effects still felt by residents from the largest gas blowout in U.S. history,” said Alexandra Nagy, a organizer for the group. She pointed to objections to reopening from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, the county Department of Public Health and the county Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"to19oXMCJp4IerxVo6Aawzh5Jn32hmZi\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blowout at Aliso Canyon galvanized the efforts of environmentalists to move away from fossil fuels like natural gas. The fact that the region has not experienced a gas shortage and related power outage since Aliso Canyon went offline is taken as proof by many that massive gas storage near homes is not needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Southern California already has the technology to dramatically reduce its reliance on natural gas and shut down Aliso Canyon,” said Earthjustice staff attorney Sara Gersen, in an email statement. “Today, we saw our first hint that the California Energy Commission has the will to use those tools to shut down the facility that perpetrated the largest natural gas leak in U.S. history. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to reopen Aliso comes at a time when hundreds of lawsuits contest the safety of the gas field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision appears to harken back to a bygone era where energy giants call the shots,” said attorney Brian Kabateck, who represents individuals suing SoCal Gas over the blowout and injuries they allege to have sustain. “Porter Ranch residents who endured the gas blowout still struggle with a myriad of medical conditions. What has SoCal Gas done to ensure this won’t happen again?”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It's an odd juxtaposition regarding the controversial Aliso Canyon gas field, where a well ruptured in late 2015 and drove thousands of people from their homes.",
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"description": "It's an odd juxtaposition regarding the controversial Aliso Canyon gas field, where a well ruptured in late 2015 and drove thousands of people from their homes.",
"title": "As State Clears Troubled Gas Field to Reopen, Governor Calls for It to Close | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two state agencies on Wednesday cleared the Aliso Canyon gas storage field to resume operations, while the same afternoon Gov. Jerry Brown called for it to eventually close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an odd juxtaposition of different state entities acting simultaneously on the controversial gas storage field, where a well ruptured in late 2015 and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/porter-ranch/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drove thousands of people from their homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well could soon resume operations, according to a joint announcement by officials of the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) and the state Department of Conservation's Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources (DOGGR).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in a letter dated Wednesday, State Energy Commission Chairman Robert B. Weisenmiller said, \"Governor Brown has asked me to plan for the permanent closure of the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility, and I urge the California Public Utilities Commission to do the same.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news came in Weisenmiller's\u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/releases/2017_releases/2017-07-19-energy-commission-chair-releases-letter-ailso-canyon_nr.pdf\"> letter to PUC chairman Michael Picker.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My staff is prepared to work with the CPUC and other agencies on a plan to phase out the use of the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility within 10 years,\" Weisenmiller said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Documents/Aliso/OrderfromStateOilandGasSupervisor.pdf\">PUC and DOGGR order\u003c/a> was something that Southern California Gas Co. has long awaited, coming months after it completed an extensive safety overhaul of its Aliso Canyon gas storage field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The PUC/DOGGR decision means SoCal Gas is cleared to resume injecting gas into the underground gas reservoir and draw it out to serve customers. After a gas well ruptured in October 2015, the state ordered the gas level to be drawn down and it placed a moratorium on refilling the field until extensive safety upgrades and inspections were completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas will not immediately resume injecting gas into the field, said company spokesman Chris Gilbride in an emailed statement. First, the company is required to conduct overflights with instruments that measure the amount of methane coming off the field before injections begin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We estimate it could be a week or two to resume operation of the field,\" said Timothy Sullivan, executive director of the Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan said Weisenmiller's call for Aliso to be closed is just one element of many that will go into the PUC's eventual decision whether to permit it to remain open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Operations at the field will be different from before the gas well blowout, though. The company must keep the volume and pressure of gas at less than one-third of what it was in October 2015 when a gas well ruptured, causing the nation's largest recorded uncontrolled natural gas leak, the state agencies ordered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas field, when operating at full capacity, can hold 86 billion cubic feet of gas that can be withdrawn for customers. Under the new rules, the field could hold just 23.6 billion cubic feet. That amount is what state energy officials calculate is enough gas to avoid a shortage when demand peaks on the state's hottest or coldest weather streaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company had repeatedly stated that the moratorium on operations at the gas field could put the region at risk of a gas shortage and power outages on hot days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, there is enough gas moving through the SoCal Gas network of pipelines to serve homes and businesses, as well as large users like gas-fired power plants. However, when the amount of gas those plants order is less than what they use, SoCal Gas draws the extra from storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the storage field stalled, the company warned power outages could occur if gas demand peaked on hot or cold days. The energy industry responded to the lack of storage by adopting much more careful rules for ordering and using gas. No gas shortage-related outages occurred since the moratorium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An independent research firm is still analyzing the cause of the gas well break. A state inquiry required by a law passed last year requires the state Legislature to conduct an assessment of the long-term viability of all natural gas storage facilities in California, including the Aliso Canyon field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCal Gas said the Aliso field is necessary for the region’s energy reliability and that the safety overhaul of the gas field means it now meets or exceeds state requirements, Gilbride said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11577804\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11577804\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-800x500.jpg\" alt=\"A SoCalGas worker at the company's Aliso Canyon Storage Facility\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-800x500.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-1020x637.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-1180x737.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-960x600.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoWorker-520x325.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A SoCalGas worker at the company's Aliso Canyon Storage Facility \u003ccite>(Courtesy SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the key changes was to limit the movement of gas in and out of the field through only the center tubing of each well. Previously, it moved gas through the center tubing as well as the doughnut-shaped space between that tubing and the well casing. That is a method that, while not unusual in the gas industry, is not a best practice because that doughnut-shaped space is meant to be a secondary layer of protection against a leak or break in a gas well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company constantly monitors gas pressure in all its wells, and staffers visually inspect each well four times a day and use infrared cameras to detect methane leaks, Gilbride said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issam Najm, president of the Porter Ranch Neighborhood Council, said there remains widespread local opposition to operations resuming at the gas storage field. In particular, he objected to the state order that requires SoCal Gas to keep methane emissions from the gas field below 250 kilograms per hour. That equals 6,000 kilograms a day, or 6 metric tons of methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That amount is too high, he said, given that the gas well blowout, over the course of about four months is estimated to have put 109,000 metric tons of methane into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limit that appears in the state order was set by the California Air Resources Board based on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/research/methane/NG_Chart_All.png\">survey of methane levels typically seen at the Aliso Canyon and other gas storage fields\u003c/a>, spokesman Dave Clegern said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not a lot, given the size of that facility,” Clegern said of the Aliso Canyon gas field, which covers thousands of acres and contains more than 100 gas wells. The limit is low enough that a leak or other mishap would clearly show up on infrared video, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several state and local politicians were not happy with the clearance to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11577806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11577806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A woman holds a sign at a public hearing before the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding a proposed abatement order to stop the massive Aliso Canyon natural gas leak, on January 16, 2016, near Porter Ranch.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/AlisoShutItDown-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman holds a sign at a public hearing before the South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) regarding a proposed abatement order to stop the massive Aliso Canyon natural gas leak, on January 16, 2016, near Porter Ranch. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County Supervisor Kathryn Barger said she was disappointed at the reopening. The county planned to ask a judge for an order to block it, her spokesman Tony Bell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The facility should remain closed until the root cause analysis and energy reliability study are completed and the health concerns of our impacted residents are fully addressed to the satisfaction of county health officials,” Barger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County has sued to force SoCal Gas to pay for an extensive health study of nearby residents. While many were sickened during the gas leak, some continue to report illnesses. SoCal Gas agreed to fund a health study as part of its settlement with the South Coast Air Quality Management District, but the amount is far below the $35 million or more the county Department of Public Health considers necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Henry Stern, who represents the Porter Ranch area, authored a bill, SB 57, to keep the moratorium on operations intact at least until the investigation into the well break is completed and the ongoing earthquake risk to more than 100 other aging wells is studied. He called the reopening decision premature and unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While the Energy Commission’s suggestion to shut Aliso down and replace it with clean energy over the next decade is encouraging, the community won’t have comfort unless there are real teeth to this plan,” Stern said in an email statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Brad Sherman, whose family lives in Porter Ranch, criticized state regulators for declining to require subsurface safety valves on the remaining gas wells at Aliso among its newly drafted rules for gas storage fields. The well that ruptured came equipped with an underground safety valve that failed decades ago and was not replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They refuse to commit to subsurface safety valves. Not now. Not later,” Sherman said in an email statement. “Just because California’s standards for the storage of natural gas are stronger than those in other states or the federal government does not mean they are sufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food and Water Watch, an environmental group working with Porter Ranch residents to oppose reopening of the gas field, called Brown’s call for the eventual closure of Aliso a “sellout” of families that have been sickened by chemicals coming from the gas well blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to resume gas operations at Aliso was reckless because it “minimizes the serious health effects still felt by residents from the largest gas blowout in U.S. history,” said Alexandra Nagy, a organizer for the group. She pointed to objections to reopening from the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, the county Department of Public Health and the county Fire Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blowout at Aliso Canyon galvanized the efforts of environmentalists to move away from fossil fuels like natural gas. The fact that the region has not experienced a gas shortage and related power outage since Aliso Canyon went offline is taken as proof by many that massive gas storage near homes is not needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Southern California already has the technology to dramatically reduce its reliance on natural gas and shut down Aliso Canyon,” said Earthjustice staff attorney Sara Gersen, in an email statement. “Today, we saw our first hint that the California Energy Commission has the will to use those tools to shut down the facility that perpetrated the largest natural gas leak in U.S. history. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision to reopen Aliso comes at a time when hundreds of lawsuits contest the safety of the gas field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision appears to harken back to a bygone era where energy giants call the shots,” said attorney Brian Kabateck, who represents individuals suing SoCal Gas over the blowout and injuries they allege to have sustain. “Porter Ranch residents who endured the gas blowout still struggle with a myriad of medical conditions. What has SoCal Gas done to ensure this won’t happen again?”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Minutes after a bipartisan coalition of California lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/17/california-lawmakers-approve-plan-to-extend-cap-and-trade-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">voted to extend the state’s landmark climate change policy\u003c/a> for another decade, Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown stood in front of a bank of television cameras and compared the plan to one championed 30 years ago by GOP icon Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, the Republican president helped negotiate the Montreal protocol to curb the release of gases that were destroying the ozone layer, persuading Republicans to join Democrats in approving “an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-reagan-model-on-climate-change/2015/03/13/4f4182e2-c6a8-11e4-b2a1-bed1aaea2816_story.html?postshare=6071426282195512&utm_term=.d9442e6464a0\">insurance policy\u003c/a>” that made economic sense in case environmentalists were right. Brown said the California cap-and-trade program the Legislature approved Monday night won support for a similar reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an insurance policy,” he said. “I think the business community, to a great extent, sees that and agrees with where we’re going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”tuTrsjnzBU1QuKOSMGOHfSjDGcWgEKx3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, though major business groups have fought against California climate policies in the past, they backed the plan to extend\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/cap-and-trade-is-california-a-leader-or-a-loner/\"> cap and trade\u003c/a> — a 5-year-old marketplace in which companies buy and sell permits to emit greenhouse gases. Business support prompted some Republicans to favor the legislation as well, leading to a bipartisan vote that notches a win for Brown’s environmental agenda. In fact, some progressive groups complained that the bipartisan negotiations had resulted in a monstrosity of a plan overly favorable to corporate interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That the Democratic governor celebrated its passage by invoking Reagan, the legendary conservative, signals the political surprise underlying the fight over how to stem global warming: the Republican case for cap and trade. It’s hard to imagine it on the national stage, with Republicans in Washington\u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/234026-sen-inhofe-throws-snowball-to-disprove-climate-change\"> challenging\u003c/a> the veracity of climate science and President Trump pulling the country out of an international agreement to slow global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, a deep-blue state leading the charge to curb climate change, the question for many Republicans isn’t whether global warming is happening — it’s what kind of policies are best to address it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Without cap and trade, many business groups said, the state could impose requirements for slashing emissions that would be more onerous.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I know for some, they’re going to look at this and say what in the world is going on? Why are Republicans talking about something like cap and trade?” Assembly Republican\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/new-gop-leader-wants-to-give-a-hand-up/\"> Leader Chad Mayes\u003c/a> of Yucca Valley said following the vote Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I’ll tell you, we believe that markets are better than Soviet-style command and control. We believe that markets are better than the government coercing people into doing things that they don’t want to do. We believe that businesses in California want to do the right thing, which is why we supported cap and trade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Republicans disagreed with him — the bill won support from just eight of 38 Republican legislators, and all but a handful of Democrats. The GOP divide revealed a split between business-aligned Republicans who favored cap and trade, and others who rejected it with a Trump-style message of economic populism. Assemblyman Travis Allen, a conservative Republican from Huntington Beach who is running for governor next year, called cap and trade “a continuation of California Democrats’ attack on the working middle class and the poor of this state,” because it will cause fuel prices to go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11576223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11576223 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-800x656.jpg\" alt=\"GOP Assemblyman Rocky Chavez gets a congratulatory hug after his vote to back cap-and-trade’s reauthorization.\" width=\"800\" height=\"656\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-800x656.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-1020x837.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-1180x968.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-960x788.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-240x197.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-375x308.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-520x427.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">GOP Assemblyman Rocky Chavez gets a congratulatory hug after his vote to back the reauthorization of cap and trade. \u003ccite>(Laurel Rosenhall for CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But polluting industries that participate in cap and trade — oil companies, utilities, food processors and others — broadly agree that cap and trade will cost less than the alternatives. That’s because last year, California\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/back-from-the-brink-state-expands-climate-goals-but-doubt-and-distrust-linger/\"> enshrined in state law\u003c/a> a goal to slash greenhouse gas emissions by a whopping 40 percent between 2020 and 2030. Business groups fought hard against the bill establishing that goal because it will make operations more expensive for companies that send climate-warming gas into the air. But they lost that fight, and with the target now set, cap and trade appeals to businesses as a way to maintain some flexibility while they work to reach the collective emissions reduction goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once (the law) was in place and we had the goals that we must reach, it was all about finding the least expensive path for our economy,” said Gino DiCaro, vice president of the California Manufacturers and Technology Association, which opposed the plan to lower emissions last year but supported this year’s cap-and-trade bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without cap and trade, many business groups said, the state could impose requirements for slashing emissions that would be more onerous on business, speculating that air board bureaucrats could cook up tougher regulations or a new carbon tax that would cost a lot more than cap and trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”HOIupfEUDMgoCkiH3iLESvLWbnCe75sS”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DiCaro pointed to\u003ca href=\"http://cmta.net/multimedia/final_nera_economic_impacts_of_california_climate_change_goals_8_2_16.pdf\"> research\u003c/a> showing that costs would go up three times as much without cap and trade if the state came up with other ways to reduce emissions. The California Chamber of Commerce also supported the cap-and-trade extension, even though it’s been challenging the program in court for years. Spokeswoman Denise Davis said the Chamber has backed cap and trade since it was first envisioned in 2006 and that its lawsuit focused only on whether the auction component of cap and trade amounted to an illegal tax—an argument the courts \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-state-appeals-court-upholds-1491511922-htmlstory.html\">rejected\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though most Republican lawmakers opposed the bill to extend cap and trade, those who voted for it argued that it was good for business. And by negotiating with Brown over many months, Mayes, the Assembly Republican leader, was able to extract\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article161905653.html\"> key concessions\u003c/a> that made a vote for cap and trade more enticing to some GOP lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The package of bills includes the repeal of a firefighting fee on rural homeowners that Republicans have long tried to scrap, a tax break for energy companies pursuing clean energy projects, the extension of a sales tax break for manufacturing companies, and a constitutional amendment that could give Republicans more say in 2024 on how to spend cap-and-trade revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the bill passed, the California Business Roundtable — a consortium of the state’s largest employers — launched a series of social media ads thanking the eight Republicans who voted for cap and trade. But a bitter \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article162290823.html\">backlash\u003c/a> was brewing among conservative Republicans, with one publicly calling on Mayes to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Republican who signed the 2006 bill that led to the creation of California’s cap and trade, took\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/arnold/posts/10155427516201760\"> to Facebook\u003c/a> to thank Mayes “for following in the footsteps of great Republicans like Teddy Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan, who fought for his own cap-and-trade program to repair the ozone layer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope Republicans around the country can learn from the example of Assemblyman Mayes and his fellow Republicans that we can fight for free market policies to clean up our environment for our children at the same time we fight for a booming economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org\">\u003cem>CALmatters.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Minutes after a bipartisan coalition of California lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/17/california-lawmakers-approve-plan-to-extend-cap-and-trade-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">voted to extend the state’s landmark climate change policy\u003c/a> for another decade, Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown stood in front of a bank of television cameras and compared the plan to one championed 30 years ago by GOP icon Ronald Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, the Republican president helped negotiate the Montreal protocol to curb the release of gases that were destroying the ozone layer, persuading Republicans to join Democrats in approving “an \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-reagan-model-on-climate-change/2015/03/13/4f4182e2-c6a8-11e4-b2a1-bed1aaea2816_story.html?postshare=6071426282195512&utm_term=.d9442e6464a0\">insurance policy\u003c/a>” that made economic sense in case environmentalists were right. Brown said the California cap-and-trade program the Legislature approved Monday night won support for a similar reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an insurance policy,” he said. “I think the business community, to a great extent, sees that and agrees with where we’re going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, though major business groups have fought against California climate policies in the past, they backed the plan to extend\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/cap-and-trade-is-california-a-leader-or-a-loner/\"> cap and trade\u003c/a> — a 5-year-old marketplace in which companies buy and sell permits to emit greenhouse gases. Business support prompted some Republicans to favor the legislation as well, leading to a bipartisan vote that notches a win for Brown’s environmental agenda. In fact, some progressive groups complained that the bipartisan negotiations had resulted in a monstrosity of a plan overly favorable to corporate interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That the Democratic governor celebrated its passage by invoking Reagan, the legendary conservative, signals the political surprise underlying the fight over how to stem global warming: the Republican case for cap and trade. It’s hard to imagine it on the national stage, with Republicans in Washington\u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/234026-sen-inhofe-throws-snowball-to-disprove-climate-change\"> challenging\u003c/a> the veracity of climate science and President Trump pulling the country out of an international agreement to slow global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in California, a deep-blue state leading the charge to curb climate change, the question for many Republicans isn’t whether global warming is happening — it’s what kind of policies are best to address it.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Without cap and trade, many business groups said, the state could impose requirements for slashing emissions that would be more onerous.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I know for some, they’re going to look at this and say what in the world is going on? Why are Republicans talking about something like cap and trade?” Assembly Republican\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/new-gop-leader-wants-to-give-a-hand-up/\"> Leader Chad Mayes\u003c/a> of Yucca Valley said following the vote Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I’ll tell you, we believe that markets are better than Soviet-style command and control. We believe that markets are better than the government coercing people into doing things that they don’t want to do. We believe that businesses in California want to do the right thing, which is why we supported cap and trade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Republicans disagreed with him — the bill won support from just eight of 38 Republican legislators, and all but a handful of Democrats. The GOP divide revealed a split between business-aligned Republicans who favored cap and trade, and others who rejected it with a Trump-style message of economic populism. Assemblyman Travis Allen, a conservative Republican from Huntington Beach who is running for governor next year, called cap and trade “a continuation of California Democrats’ attack on the working middle class and the poor of this state,” because it will cause fuel prices to go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11576223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11576223 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-800x656.jpg\" alt=\"GOP Assemblyman Rocky Chavez gets a congratulatory hug after his vote to back cap-and-trade’s reauthorization.\" width=\"800\" height=\"656\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-800x656.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-1020x837.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-1180x968.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-960x788.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-240x197.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-375x308.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/ChavezHug-520x427.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">GOP Assemblyman Rocky Chavez gets a congratulatory hug after his vote to back the reauthorization of cap and trade. \u003ccite>(Laurel Rosenhall for CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But polluting industries that participate in cap and trade — oil companies, utilities, food processors and others — broadly agree that cap and trade will cost less than the alternatives. That’s because last year, California\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/back-from-the-brink-state-expands-climate-goals-but-doubt-and-distrust-linger/\"> enshrined in state law\u003c/a> a goal to slash greenhouse gas emissions by a whopping 40 percent between 2020 and 2030. Business groups fought hard against the bill establishing that goal because it will make operations more expensive for companies that send climate-warming gas into the air. But they lost that fight, and with the target now set, cap and trade appeals to businesses as a way to maintain some flexibility while they work to reach the collective emissions reduction goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once (the law) was in place and we had the goals that we must reach, it was all about finding the least expensive path for our economy,” said Gino DiCaro, vice president of the California Manufacturers and Technology Association, which opposed the plan to lower emissions last year but supported this year’s cap-and-trade bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without cap and trade, many business groups said, the state could impose requirements for slashing emissions that would be more onerous on business, speculating that air board bureaucrats could cook up tougher regulations or a new carbon tax that would cost a lot more than cap and trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DiCaro pointed to\u003ca href=\"http://cmta.net/multimedia/final_nera_economic_impacts_of_california_climate_change_goals_8_2_16.pdf\"> research\u003c/a> showing that costs would go up three times as much without cap and trade if the state came up with other ways to reduce emissions. The California Chamber of Commerce also supported the cap-and-trade extension, even though it’s been challenging the program in court for years. Spokeswoman Denise Davis said the Chamber has backed cap and trade since it was first envisioned in 2006 and that its lawsuit focused only on whether the auction component of cap and trade amounted to an illegal tax—an argument the courts \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-state-appeals-court-upholds-1491511922-htmlstory.html\">rejected\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though most Republican lawmakers opposed the bill to extend cap and trade, those who voted for it argued that it was good for business. And by negotiating with Brown over many months, Mayes, the Assembly Republican leader, was able to extract\u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article161905653.html\"> key concessions\u003c/a> that made a vote for cap and trade more enticing to some GOP lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The package of bills includes the repeal of a firefighting fee on rural homeowners that Republicans have long tried to scrap, a tax break for energy companies pursuing clean energy projects, the extension of a sales tax break for manufacturing companies, and a constitutional amendment that could give Republicans more say in 2024 on how to spend cap-and-trade revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the bill passed, the California Business Roundtable — a consortium of the state’s largest employers — launched a series of social media ads thanking the eight Republicans who voted for cap and trade. But a bitter \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article162290823.html\">backlash\u003c/a> was brewing among conservative Republicans, with one publicly calling on Mayes to resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet former Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, the Republican who signed the 2006 bill that led to the creation of California’s cap and trade, took\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/arnold/posts/10155427516201760\"> to Facebook\u003c/a> to thank Mayes “for following in the footsteps of great Republicans like Teddy Roosevelt and Ronald Reagan, who fought for his own cap-and-trade program to repair the ozone layer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope Republicans around the country can learn from the example of Assemblyman Mayes and his fellow Republicans that we can fight for free market policies to clean up our environment for our children at the same time we fight for a booming economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Detwiler Fire Destroys 45 Buildings, Grows to Nearly 70,000 Acres",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 10:30 a.m. Thursday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Detwiler Fire burning near the town of Mariposa in the foothills west of Yosemite National Park has destroyed 45 structures and is threatening another 1,500 homes and other buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 3,100 firefighters are battling the 5-day-old conflagration, which has charred nearly 70,000 acres (109 square miles), according to Cal Fire. The blaze is 10 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 5,000 people have been evacuated from their homes in several small communities in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency yesterday to speed aid to the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have over 3,100 firefighters that have come throughout the state to our community to protect our community and to work on maintaining our community by this aggressive fire fight,\" said Jeremy Rahn, a Cal Fire battalion chief from Madera County, at a community meeting last night in Oakhurst. \"And a lot of these firefighters have been out for very long hours, doing what they do and we just wanted to let you know that everybody's hearts are in the game here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the community of Planada, 20 minutes to the east, 18-year-old Chrissy Tiner stood outside the Red Cross shelter at Cesar Chavez Middle School with her German Shepherd, Haley. She and her family had to leave their home a few miles outside the town of Mariposa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as we could see flames we were like, it’s time to go. It’s not like here in Merced where they’re a distance away. Our hills -- you can walk there. They’re like a mile away. So when you can see flames coming over the hill you know they’re close,” Tiner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Smith, 74, and his mom have slept at the same middle school shelter the past two nights. He said the fire smelled like a big campfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we made it out OK,” Smith said yesterday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/07/2017-07-20a-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/gettyimages-818640044-1219a3846bd3c27698c5991cecdf852841d1c5c5-s800-c85.jpg\" Title=\"Detwiler Fire Has Evacuees Not Only Worried About Homes, But Their Jobs\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Stanfill, who works at a Burger King in the area, voiced his frustration at the Oakhurst community meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're supposed to get paid on the 21st,\" Stanfill said. \"It's really, really frustrating and really, really scary because we don't know if we're going to get paid. As far as I know, we're not going to get any lost wages because we're not working, because it's been shut down. The earliest we've even heard anything about going back in is the 25th. It might even be longer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanfill is worried about paying his bills. He says the ordeal has been hard on his two young daughters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're scared out of their mind,\" he said. \"They're worried they're going to lose all their toys. We had to leave one of the cats behind. They're upset over that. What's going to help us? Who's going to help us?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Vanessa Rancaño and the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 10 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detwiler Fire \u003c/a>has grown to 48,000 acres and remains only 7 percent contained as of late Wednesday, according to the latest updates from Cal Fire authorities\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire officials told a community meeting for evacuees in Oakhurst Wednesday night that the Mariposa County fire has destroyed 29 structures and threatened at least 1,500. That damage estimate could change as more detailed assessments are made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 3,000 firefighters are working around the clock on the monster blaze that has forced thousands of evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor has declared a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state of emergency\u003c/a> to help speed aid to the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire officials wouldn't speculate about when they believe the fire will be under control and they could not tell the group of evacuees when they can expect to to return home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in the day, veteran firefighters talked about the tough conditions they faced with this wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's moving really fast,\" Cal Fire Capt. Steve Estes said. \"I haven't personally seen this fire behavior in over 20 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estes says this is his 30th fire season with Cal Fire. \"We're doing 24-hour shifts. We're pushing all the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire spokesman Steve Bruno said they've doubled the number of firefighters battling the fire since Tuesday. Bruno says about 5,000 people have been evacuated from the foothill town of Mariposa and surrounding areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11576164\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11576164\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire engines and firefighters at base camp at the Merced County Fairgrounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There has been one injury so far -- an inmate firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our priority is structure defense in rural residential areas of Mariposa and surrounding communities,\" Bruno said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the conditions this year are ripe for fire: Years of drought and a bark beetle infestation have left a tinderbox of dead trees. And all the rain this year means a lot of grass and brush to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a rapidly moving fire. You have mountainous terrain, plentiful amounts of dry grass and brush, and lots of drought-stricken trees, high temperatures and a brisk wind,\" Bruno said. \"The combination of those factors cause any fire to take off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/FireWeatherLab/status/887774749278953472\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire grew so much that base camp was moved Tuesday from Mariposa County Fairgrounds to the Merced County Fairgrounds, about 45 minutes from the edge of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The base camp is like a mini city for firefighters. There are mobile showers, a laundry center and mobile sleeping trailers where firefighters sleep in what one guy described as \"coffins.\" As Bruno put it, this is where the firefighters can get anything they need, \"from a tube of toothpaste to thousands of feet of hose.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are fire crews from all over California here. Many of them just got put on this fire, having already spent weeks fighting other California wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been on the road since June 25,\" said Estes of Cal Fire. \"I have a girlfriend, and she lived with me through the Soberanes Fire, and she's reliving that. I was on that fire for six weeks. It's tough for me. My son's on a backpacking trip, and I can't join him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mariposa County Sheriff's Office is currently providing evacuation advisories \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/mariposa-county-sheriffs-office/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chrissy Tiner, 18, fled with her family Tuesday when they saw flames cresting the nearby hills. She came to a Red Cross shelter set up at a middle school in the town of Planada east of Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as we could see flames we knew it was time to go,\" she said. \"When you can see flames coming over the hill you know they're close.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her family evacuated from their town about 5 miles east of Merced along with the family dogs, goats and most of their chickens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We went back roads because the fire blocked our escape route,\" she said. \"The sheriff was sounding pretty panicked saying there were no ways out of Mariposa. But from where we live there was an easy way out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiner said ashes were falling like snowflakes and she woke up Tuesday with a sore throat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were just keeping an eye on the falling ashes. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hines says they don't know yet if their home was hit by fire. She said when they left embers were falling from the sky and one landed in the yard igniting a small brush fire on the family property that her father put out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For myself, I am dependent on Jesus and I just listen to his voice,\" she said. \"The only way your faith is totally increased is through trials like this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Vanessa Rancaño contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post by \u003ca href=\"//www.npr.org/people/463234136/laurel-wamsley%E2%80%9D\">Laurel Wamsley, \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"//npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wildfire in the foothills near Yosemite National Park has already consumed eight structures -- and is threatening 1,500 more in the tiny town of Mariposa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town's 2,000 residents have been \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/mariposa-county-sheriffs-office/\">ordered to evacuate\u003c/a>, due to the blaze known as the Detwiler Fire, and Gov. Jerry Brown has \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19881\">issued a state of emergency\u003c/a> for Mariposa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1672\">posted\u003c/a> on its website that \"firefighters experienced extreme and aggressive fire behavior\" on Tuesday. \"Firefighters on the ground as well as aircraft are actively working to contain and suppress the fire.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CAL_FIRE/status/887691105063452672\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Detwiler Fire has burned more than 45,000 acres and is just 7 percent contained, and it threatens \"culturally and historically sensitive areas,\" the agency says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't seen these conditions in a long time. It's a wind-driven, slope-driven, fuel-driven fire,\" Cal Fire's Jerry Fernandez \u003ca href=\"http://abc30.com/news/strong-winds-and-steep-terrain-making-detwiler-fire-difficult-to-contain/2228517/\">told\u003c/a> Fresno's ABC affiliate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariposa is approximately 150 miles east of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Info_CIIMT1/status/887674601970352128/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F07%2F19%2F538090510%2F-extreme-and-aggressive-california-wildfires-force-thousands-to-evacuate\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 4,000 people have had to flee their homes due to the fire, the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-california-wildfire-threatens-yosemite-20170718-story.html\">reports\u003c/a>; temperatures are expected to drop a few degrees on Wednesday, but humidity and winds will likely continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire spokesman Koby Johns says the cause of the fire is unknown, but its speed is due to the region's drought being followed by heavy rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of tall grasses, lots of bushes, and they essentially provide like a ladder to the trees,\" Johns told Valley Public Radio's Ezra David Romero. \"A lot of those trees are dead oak trees, and then you have fire spreading from tree to tree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"http://firetracker.scpr.org/detwiler-fire/embed\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drone Grounds Helicopter Fighting Another Fire\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the city of Saratoga near San Jose, the pilot of a water-dropping helicopter was forced to ground the aircraft when a drone appeared unexpectedly, Ryan Cronin of the Santa Clara County Fire Department told the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really put them in a precarious position,\" he said of the drone. \"We didn't appreciate that much.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires have been especially prevalent this year. Fires have burned 4.4 million acres so far in 2017, compared with 2.7 million acres over the same period in 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/nfn.htm\">according to\u003c/a> the National Interagency Fire Center. Large fires are currently reported in 12 states, all in the western U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 10:30 a.m. Thursday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Detwiler Fire burning near the town of Mariposa in the foothills west of Yosemite National Park has destroyed 45 structures and is threatening another 1,500 homes and other buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 3,100 firefighters are battling the 5-day-old conflagration, which has charred nearly 70,000 acres (109 square miles), according to Cal Fire. The blaze is 10 percent contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost 5,000 people have been evacuated from their homes in several small communities in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared a state of emergency yesterday to speed aid to the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have over 3,100 firefighters that have come throughout the state to our community to protect our community and to work on maintaining our community by this aggressive fire fight,\" said Jeremy Rahn, a Cal Fire battalion chief from Madera County, at a community meeting last night in Oakhurst. \"And a lot of these firefighters have been out for very long hours, doing what they do and we just wanted to let you know that everybody's hearts are in the game here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the community of Planada, 20 minutes to the east, 18-year-old Chrissy Tiner stood outside the Red Cross shelter at Cesar Chavez Middle School with her German Shepherd, Haley. She and her family had to leave their home a few miles outside the town of Mariposa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as we could see flames we were like, it’s time to go. It’s not like here in Merced where they’re a distance away. Our hills -- you can walk there. They’re like a mile away. So when you can see flames coming over the hill you know they’re close,” Tiner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Smith, 74, and his mom have slept at the same middle school shelter the past two nights. He said the fire smelled like a big campfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we made it out OK,” Smith said yesterday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Stanfill, who works at a Burger King in the area, voiced his frustration at the Oakhurst community meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're supposed to get paid on the 21st,\" Stanfill said. \"It's really, really frustrating and really, really scary because we don't know if we're going to get paid. As far as I know, we're not going to get any lost wages because we're not working, because it's been shut down. The earliest we've even heard anything about going back in is the 25th. It might even be longer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanfill is worried about paying his bills. He says the ordeal has been hard on his two young daughters. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're scared out of their mind,\" he said. \"They're worried they're going to lose all their toys. We had to leave one of the cats behind. They're upset over that. What's going to help us? Who's going to help us?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Vanessa Rancaño and the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 10 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1672\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Detwiler Fire \u003c/a>has grown to 48,000 acres and remains only 7 percent contained as of late Wednesday, according to the latest updates from Cal Fire authorities\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire officials told a community meeting for evacuees in Oakhurst Wednesday night that the Mariposa County fire has destroyed 29 structures and threatened at least 1,500. That damage estimate could change as more detailed assessments are made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 3,000 firefighters are working around the clock on the monster blaze that has forced thousands of evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor has declared a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state of emergency\u003c/a> to help speed aid to the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire officials wouldn't speculate about when they believe the fire will be under control and they could not tell the group of evacuees when they can expect to to return home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in the day, veteran firefighters talked about the tough conditions they faced with this wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's moving really fast,\" Cal Fire Capt. Steve Estes said. \"I haven't personally seen this fire behavior in over 20 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estes says this is his 30th fire season with Cal Fire. \"We're doing 24-hour shifts. We're pushing all the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire spokesman Steve Bruno said they've doubled the number of firefighters battling the fire since Tuesday. Bruno says about 5,000 people have been evacuated from the foothill town of Mariposa and surrounding areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11576164\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11576164\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/IMG_4098.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fire engines and firefighters at base camp at the Merced County Fairgrounds.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There has been one injury so far -- an inmate firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our priority is structure defense in rural residential areas of Mariposa and surrounding communities,\" Bruno said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said the conditions this year are ripe for fire: Years of drought and a bark beetle infestation have left a tinderbox of dead trees. And all the rain this year means a lot of grass and brush to burn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a rapidly moving fire. You have mountainous terrain, plentiful amounts of dry grass and brush, and lots of drought-stricken trees, high temperatures and a brisk wind,\" Bruno said. \"The combination of those factors cause any fire to take off.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The fire grew so much that base camp was moved Tuesday from Mariposa County Fairgrounds to the Merced County Fairgrounds, about 45 minutes from the edge of the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The base camp is like a mini city for firefighters. There are mobile showers, a laundry center and mobile sleeping trailers where firefighters sleep in what one guy described as \"coffins.\" As Bruno put it, this is where the firefighters can get anything they need, \"from a tube of toothpaste to thousands of feet of hose.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are fire crews from all over California here. Many of them just got put on this fire, having already spent weeks fighting other California wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've been on the road since June 25,\" said Estes of Cal Fire. \"I have a girlfriend, and she lived with me through the Soberanes Fire, and she's reliving that. I was on that fire for six weeks. It's tough for me. My son's on a backpacking trip, and I can't join him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mariposa County Sheriff's Office is currently providing evacuation advisories \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/mariposa-county-sheriffs-office/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chrissy Tiner, 18, fled with her family Tuesday when they saw flames cresting the nearby hills. She came to a Red Cross shelter set up at a middle school in the town of Planada east of Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as we could see flames we knew it was time to go,\" she said. \"When you can see flames coming over the hill you know they're close.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her family evacuated from their town about 5 miles east of Merced along with the family dogs, goats and most of their chickens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We went back roads because the fire blocked our escape route,\" she said. \"The sheriff was sounding pretty panicked saying there were no ways out of Mariposa. But from where we live there was an easy way out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiner said ashes were falling like snowflakes and she woke up Tuesday with a sore throat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were just keeping an eye on the falling ashes. \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hines says they don't know yet if their home was hit by fire. She said when they left embers were falling from the sky and one landed in the yard igniting a small brush fire on the family property that her father put out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For myself, I am dependent on Jesus and I just listen to his voice,\" she said. \"The only way your faith is totally increased is through trials like this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Vanessa Rancaño contributed to this post.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post by \u003ca href=\"//www.npr.org/people/463234136/laurel-wamsley%E2%80%9D\">Laurel Wamsley, \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"//npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wildfire in the foothills near Yosemite National Park has already consumed eight structures -- and is threatening 1,500 more in the tiny town of Mariposa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town's 2,000 residents have been \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/mariposa-county-sheriffs-office/\">ordered to evacuate\u003c/a>, due to the blaze known as the Detwiler Fire, and Gov. Jerry Brown has \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19881\">issued a state of emergency\u003c/a> for Mariposa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (Cal Fire) \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1672\">posted\u003c/a> on its website that \"firefighters experienced extreme and aggressive fire behavior\" on Tuesday. \"Firefighters on the ground as well as aircraft are actively working to contain and suppress the fire.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The Detwiler Fire has burned more than 45,000 acres and is just 7 percent contained, and it threatens \"culturally and historically sensitive areas,\" the agency says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I haven't seen these conditions in a long time. It's a wind-driven, slope-driven, fuel-driven fire,\" Cal Fire's Jerry Fernandez \u003ca href=\"http://abc30.com/news/strong-winds-and-steep-terrain-making-detwiler-fire-difficult-to-contain/2228517/\">told\u003c/a> Fresno's ABC affiliate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mariposa is approximately 150 miles east of San Jose.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw&ref_url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F07%2F19%2F538090510%2F-extreme-and-aggressive-california-wildfires-force-thousands-to-evacuate\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 4,000 people have had to flee their homes due to the fire, the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-california-wildfire-threatens-yosemite-20170718-story.html\">reports\u003c/a>; temperatures are expected to drop a few degrees on Wednesday, but humidity and winds will likely continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire spokesman Koby Johns says the cause of the fire is unknown, but its speed is due to the region's drought being followed by heavy rains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Lots of tall grasses, lots of bushes, and they essentially provide like a ladder to the trees,\" Johns told Valley Public Radio's Ezra David Romero. \"A lot of those trees are dead oak trees, and then you have fire spreading from tree to tree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"http://firetracker.scpr.org/detwiler-fire/embed\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drone Grounds Helicopter Fighting Another Fire\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the city of Saratoga near San Jose, the pilot of a water-dropping helicopter was forced to ground the aircraft when a drone appeared unexpectedly, Ryan Cronin of the Santa Clara County Fire Department told the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really put them in a precarious position,\" he said of the drone. \"We didn't appreciate that much.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildfires have been especially prevalent this year. Fires have burned 4.4 million acres so far in 2017, compared with 2.7 million acres over the same period in 2016, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fireInfo/nfn.htm\">according to\u003c/a> the National Interagency Fire Center. Large fires are currently reported in 12 states, all in the western U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "So Far, 2017 Is 2nd-Hottest Year on Record",
"headTitle": "So Far, 2017 Is 2nd-Hottest Year on Record | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>At the halfway point of the year, 2017 remains the second-hottest year to date—a surprise given the demise of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/what-el-ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93southern-oscillation-enso-nutshell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Niño\u003c/a> that helped boost temperatures to record levels last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The continued near-record warmth is a marker of just how much global temperatures have risen thanks to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/greenhouse-gases-atmosphere-21618\">greenhouse gases accumulating\u003c/a> in the atmosphere from fossil fuel use.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Odds are good that 2017 will end as the 2nd-hottest year on record—so far.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Personally, I wasn’t expecting it to be as warm as it has been,” Ahira Sanchez-Lugo, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a> climate scientist, said in an email. “After the decline of the strong El Niño I was expecting the values to drop a bit and rank among the top five warmest years. This year has been extremely remarkable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odds are good that 2017 will stay in second place through the end of the year, and it is even more likely that it will remain in at least the top three hottest years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA released its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201706\">global temperature data\u003c/a> for June on Tuesday, and ranked June as the third warmest in its records. The four-warmest Junes in its records have all happened in the past four years. (NASA, which released its June numbers on Friday, ranked June as the \u003ca href=\"https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/news/20170714/\">fourth hottest\u003c/a>. The two agencies handle the data slightly differently, which can lead to small differences in their rankings, though they strongly agree on recent warming.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hotspots around the world for June included central Asia and western and central Europe. A searing heat wave in western Europe that helped fuel deadly wildfires in Portugal was made \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/warming-tipped-june-heat-wave-21585\">up to 10 times more likely\u003c/a> because of Earth’s rising temperature, according to a recent study done in partnership with Climate Central.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Southwest was another stand-out, with a heat wave that pushed temperatures so high they \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/phoenix-heat-wave-planes-takeoff-21558\">prevented some airplanes from taking off\u003c/a> at Phoenix’s airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every month of the year so far, including June, has ranked in the top three hottest for that month. Overall, the first six months of the year were 1.64°F (0.91°C) above the 20th century average of 56.3°F (13.5°C), according to NOAA. They were 0.29°F (0.16°C) behind the same period in 2016, which turned out to be hottest year on record, but ahead of 2015 by 0.09°F (0.05°C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NASA, the first six months were 1.64°F above the 1951-1980 average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris Climate agreement, which President Trump has pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/donald-trump-exit-paris-agreement-21500\">pull the U.S. out of\u003c/a>, set a goal of limiting warming to under 2°C (3.6°F) above pre-industrial levels by the end of this century (and to aim for an even more ambitious 1.5°C (2.7°F)). To make the global temperatures more relevant to that measure, Climate Central re-analyzed the numbers by averaging together NASA and NOAA’s data and comparing them to the average for 1881-1910. June 2017 was 1.81°F (1.01°C) above that average, showing how little wiggle room is left to keep temperatures under that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there were several spots that have seen record-warm years so far—including Mexico, parts of eastern Russia and China and western Europe—the heat is fairly broadly spread around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five of the six continents had a top 10 warmest January-June, with South America hitting the No. 2 spot for that period (tying with 2010 and behind only 2015, according to NOAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, said that there was a 57 percent chance that 2017 would remain the second-hottest year on record through December, and even higher odds that it will end up in the top three. Sanchez-Lugo said that if the rest of the months of the year rank in the top two, 2017 will clinch the No. 2 spot; if they rank in the top three, it will fall to No. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherever its final rank ends up, 2017 will almost certainly be hot enough to knock 1998—the only remaining 20th century year among the top 10 warmest—down another spot, to No. 9 in NOAA’s rankings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, 1998’s heat was exceptional, and was fueled in part by a major El Niño, which tends to raise global temperatures. But as Earth’s temperature has steadily risen because of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, an El Niño isn’t necessary to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/extreme-heat-norm-within-decade-21622\">reach those heights anymore\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, years with La Niñas (which tend to cool global temperatures) are today warmer than El Niño years several decades ago. 2017 actually started out with a La Niña, albeit a weak one, but it is 0.38°F (0.21°C) ahead of 1998, Sanchez-Lugo, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the streak of very warm years continues, “I wouldn’t be surprised if the next two to three years we would see ’98 drop out of the top 10 warmest years on record,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At the halfway point of the year, 2017 remains the second-hottest year to date—a surprise given the demise of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/enso/what-el-ni%C3%B1o%E2%80%93southern-oscillation-enso-nutshell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Niño\u003c/a> that helped boost temperatures to record levels last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The continued near-record warmth is a marker of just how much global temperatures have risen thanks to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/greenhouse-gases-atmosphere-21618\">greenhouse gases accumulating\u003c/a> in the atmosphere from fossil fuel use.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Odds are good that 2017 will end as the 2nd-hottest year on record—so far.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Personally, I wasn’t expecting it to be as warm as it has been,” Ahira Sanchez-Lugo, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a> climate scientist, said in an email. “After the decline of the strong El Niño I was expecting the values to drop a bit and rank among the top five warmest years. This year has been extremely remarkable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odds are good that 2017 will stay in second place through the end of the year, and it is even more likely that it will remain in at least the top three hottest years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA released its \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/201706\">global temperature data\u003c/a> for June on Tuesday, and ranked June as the third warmest in its records. The four-warmest Junes in its records have all happened in the past four years. (NASA, which released its June numbers on Friday, ranked June as the \u003ca href=\"https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/news/20170714/\">fourth hottest\u003c/a>. The two agencies handle the data slightly differently, which can lead to small differences in their rankings, though they strongly agree on recent warming.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hotspots around the world for June included central Asia and western and central Europe. A searing heat wave in western Europe that helped fuel deadly wildfires in Portugal was made \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/warming-tipped-june-heat-wave-21585\">up to 10 times more likely\u003c/a> because of Earth’s rising temperature, according to a recent study done in partnership with Climate Central.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Southwest was another stand-out, with a heat wave that pushed temperatures so high they \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/phoenix-heat-wave-planes-takeoff-21558\">prevented some airplanes from taking off\u003c/a> at Phoenix’s airport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every month of the year so far, including June, has ranked in the top three hottest for that month. Overall, the first six months of the year were 1.64°F (0.91°C) above the 20th century average of 56.3°F (13.5°C), according to NOAA. They were 0.29°F (0.16°C) behind the same period in 2016, which turned out to be hottest year on record, but ahead of 2015 by 0.09°F (0.05°C).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NASA, the first six months were 1.64°F above the 1951-1980 average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris Climate agreement, which President Trump has pledged to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/donald-trump-exit-paris-agreement-21500\">pull the U.S. out of\u003c/a>, set a goal of limiting warming to under 2°C (3.6°F) above pre-industrial levels by the end of this century (and to aim for an even more ambitious 1.5°C (2.7°F)). To make the global temperatures more relevant to that measure, Climate Central re-analyzed the numbers by averaging together NASA and NOAA’s data and comparing them to the average for 1881-1910. June 2017 was 1.81°F (1.01°C) above that average, showing how little wiggle room is left to keep temperatures under that level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there were several spots that have seen record-warm years so far—including Mexico, parts of eastern Russia and China and western Europe—the heat is fairly broadly spread around the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five of the six continents had a top 10 warmest January-June, with South America hitting the No. 2 spot for that period (tying with 2010 and behind only 2015, according to NOAA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gavin Schmidt, director of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies, said that there was a 57 percent chance that 2017 would remain the second-hottest year on record through December, and even higher odds that it will end up in the top three. Sanchez-Lugo said that if the rest of the months of the year rank in the top two, 2017 will clinch the No. 2 spot; if they rank in the top three, it will fall to No. 3.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wherever its final rank ends up, 2017 will almost certainly be hot enough to knock 1998—the only remaining 20th century year among the top 10 warmest—down another spot, to No. 9 in NOAA’s rankings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, 1998’s heat was exceptional, and was fueled in part by a major El Niño, which tends to raise global temperatures. But as Earth’s temperature has steadily risen because of heat-trapping greenhouse gases, an El Niño isn’t necessary to \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/extreme-heat-norm-within-decade-21622\">reach those heights anymore\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, years with La Niñas (which tend to cool global temperatures) are today warmer than El Niño years several decades ago. 2017 actually started out with a La Niña, albeit a weak one, but it is 0.38°F (0.21°C) ahead of 1998, Sanchez-Lugo, said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the streak of very warm years continues, “I wouldn’t be surprised if the next two to three years we would see ’98 drop out of the top 10 warmest years on record,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Water Wars Loom As State Plans to Boost Streamflow for Imperiled Fish",
"headTitle": "Water Wars Loom As State Plans to Boost Streamflow for Imperiled Fish | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On the heels of of the worst drought in California history, state officials are telling water users in the San Joaquin River basin to give up a major share of their water supplies—permanently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The timing, in some ways, couldn’t be worse for farmers who struggled through the drought. On the other hand, the time is right for imperiled salmon that live in the river and its tributaries. This iconic species may not survive the next drought without more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fBbypJgmO04AhEpifVrr0OHDv3Wdi73W”]The \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State Water Resources Control Board \u003c/a>announced in September that it plans to return the San Joaquin River to 40 percent of its “unimpaired flow.” This means the amount of water that would naturally flow through the river without existing dams and diversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, according to the water board, is to rebalance water demand on the state’s second-largest river. Policy and practice have long favored human water consumption over water quality and wildlife like Chinook salmon, a species in a steep decline for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board plans a similar process for the Sacramento River, the state’s largest river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize this is very hard to do,” said Les Grober, the water board’s deputy director for water rights. “We just have to be smarter about how water is used overall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reach the 40 percent goal on the San Joaquin River, hundreds of companies and individuals will have to give up a portion of their right to divert water from the river and three of its tributaries: the Tuolumne, Stanislaus and Merced rivers. The biggest water users are farms and irrigation districts, who use the water to grow crops like almonds, cherries, peaches, apples and tomatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1858489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1632px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1858489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1632\" height=\"1224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg 1632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1632px) 100vw, 1632px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Joaquin River in January 2017 after persistent winter storms. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Major municipalities will also be affected, including San Francisco, which diverts water from the Tuolumne River.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board has the legal authority to take back water rights when public trust resources, like Chinook salmon populations, are threatened. But it has rarely exercised that authority, partly because to do so requires long and painful deliberations that are likely to result in litigation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">board’s process\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is effectively a water-quality action: The board is proclaiming that streamflows aren’t sufficient to keep water temperatures cold enough for salmon survival.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In fact, the federal Clean Water Act requires the water board to review streamflows every three years to maintain healthy water quality. The state water board holds this responsibility under a custodial arrangement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1858487\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1858487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Muddy water in the river after high flows in January 2017. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In the case of the San Joaquin River, the board is 20 years late reviewing streamflows: They have not been comprehensively updated since 1995. As part of the water quality plan it adopted that year, the water board also set a goal to double salmon populations, a target that has never been achieved.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Supporters of flow increases note that the San Joaquin River today is routinely far below the 40 percent target – sometimes near zero. In many of its reaches, the river becomes a series of stagnant pools for weeks or months at a time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The board’s ability to revise water rights in order to rebalance the system and protect public interests is very powerful,” said Doug Obegi, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “Significantly more water is going to be required to achieve the salmon doubling goal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board acknowledges that the 40 percent goal is a compromise. Recent studies have shown salmon actually need 60 percent, including a 2013 \u003cspan class=\"s2\">“\u003c/span>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/final_rpt.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">flow criteria” report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by the board itself, and analysis that same year by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Grober said 40 percent acknowledges that river flows must continue serving multiple purposes in the 21st century. So it has called for a range of 30–50 percent of unimpaired flow, with 40 percent as an interim target.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“If you were only considering protection of fish, you’d of course be at the upper end of that range,” Grober said. “The measure isn’t adopting an objective that provides absolute protection, but what is the number that reasonably protects fish and wildlife.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To those who have to give up water, however, the number isn’t reasonable at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It will have enormous economic consequences,” said Jake Wenger, general manager of Modesto Irrigation District. “During a dry year, we would essentially have no water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger’s district serves about 100,000 acres of farmland with water diverted from the Tuolumne River. It stores much of that water in Don Pedro Reservoir, which it owns jointly with Turlock Irrigation District and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board has received more than 20,000 comment letters from supporters and opponents of the flow increase measure. While many of these are form letters generated by interest groups, Grober said “thousands” are unique letters sent by individuals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board staff is in the process of reviewing all these comments, and will then prepare a revised proposal for the board to vote on by the end of this year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Modesto and Turlock irrigation districts estimate the streamflow revisions could cost their region $\u003cspan class=\"caps\">1.6\u003c/span> billion in economic output. They launched a website, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://worthyourfight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">WorthYourFight.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, to rally support for their cause.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger is critical of the state’s proposal, he said, because it requires the 40 percent unimpaired flow target to be met continuously between February and June of every year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That means you’re putting a lot of water downstream when fish are not present,” he said. “Whereas the state’s plan is sort of a shotgun approach, we’re proposing a sniper approach.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger says his district is willing to give up some water for what he calls “functional flows.” This means releasing water for instream habitat when monitoring shows salmon are actually present in the river. This ensures the water will be there when fish need it for migrating and spawning, and won’t require farmers and others to give up so much water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission supports this approach, as well. The agency delivers water not just to San Franciscans, but also as a wholesaler to several other Bay Area cities. This water comes from Sierra snowmelt in the Tuolumne River that is stored in Hetch Hetchy and Don Pedro reservoirs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Steve Ritchie, the commission’s assistant general manager for water, said the hit to his agency could be even worse than the water board has estimated because of contract language between San Francisco and the Turlock and Modesto Irrigation districts. The contract, which involves their partnership to operate Don Pedro Reservoir, may require San Francisco to absorb 52 percent of any required streamflow increases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, Ritchie said San Francisco could be required to build 900,000 acre-feet of new water storage to make up for the proposed streamflow losses. To put that in perspective, 900,000 acre-feet is nearly triple the capacity of its existing Hetch Hetchy Reservoir.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It could also require the city to impose conservation measures “that we just wouldn’t be able to achieve,” Ritchie said. That’s because San Franciscans are already the state’s water conservation leaders. Their daily water consumption during the drought fell to just 41 gallons per person, the lowest in the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“How low can you go when you are the lowest? It’s a real issue when you are already that efficient,” Ritchie said. “We would have to generate some new water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">San Francisco says “functional flows” would ease the pain by ordering more water only when and where needed, not all the time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We know we have to give up some water,” Ritchie said. “But the state board proposal really doesn’t work for us.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Grober counters that the state’s proposal accomplishes something similar. By phrasing the flow increases as a percentage of unimpaired flow, it is naturally flexible. Water users would be required to give up a percentage that varies according to the season and according to the presence or absence of drought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Obegi, the environmental attorney, notes that continuous flow increases over a period of months is important because more than salmon need that water. More flow boosts the food chain, helping to breed aquatic insects that salmon and other species depend on, and it sustains plants that create vital riparian shade in the scorching San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Rather than prescribing specific flows for all different times and places, it’s really providing a budget of water – an account of water that can be used to best provide the benefits to fish and wildlife,” Grober said. “We’re not locked into a set flow objective.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Adjusting water rights in the traditional manner requires the board to start a complicated adjudication process. This is similar to a court proceeding in which the board functions like a panel of judges, hearing testimony as water users summon witnesses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It is tedious and time consuming: Resolving all the water rights to increase streamflow could take years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In hopes of a faster result, Grober said the state is “vigorously” encouraging water users to offer settlements as an alternative to simply taking back water rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A settlement would make streamflow improvements happen much faster. Water users would voluntarily enter into a binding agreement to give up some lesser amount of water in addition to making other habitat improvements, such as controlling invasive species and restoring streambed spawning gravels.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To push the process along, the state brought in a high-powered mediator: Bruce Babbitt, the former \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.S.\u003c/span> Interior Department secretary under President Clinton. Babbitt has been holding a series of closed-door meetings among the parties in hopes of reaching settlements between water users, environmental groups and state officials.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Participants were required to sign a confidentiality agreement, so little information is available about how the talks are proceeding. But word is that the parties remain far apart.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some environmental groups, for example, view the state’s 40 percent unimpaired flow target as a starting point, and they want to see an even higher number in any negotiated settlement. Water users, of course, want less than 40 percent – a lot less, in some cases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If they can’t reach a settlement, the water board is expected to adopt a new flow requirement by the end of this year. Then it would move into an adjudication process to actually begin amending water rights to make the flow increases happen.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This is likely to bring separate lawsuits from water users, which would further delay any streamflow improvements.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Essentially, you have this piano hanging over your head with someone waiting to cut the string,” said Wenger. “We have a lot of hope that we can move these settlement talks along.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/07/17/battle-looms-as-california-moves-to-dedicate-more-water-to-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about water in California, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The state plans to boost streamflows in the troubled San Joaquin River by amending hundreds of water rights. It hopes settlement deals will avoid a showdown, but will they produce enough water to help imperiled salmon?",
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"description": "The state plans to boost streamflows in the troubled San Joaquin River by amending hundreds of water rights. It hopes settlement deals will avoid a showdown, but will they produce enough water to help imperiled salmon?",
"title": "Water Wars Loom As State Plans to Boost Streamflow for Imperiled Fish | KQED",
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"headline": "Water Wars Loom As State Plans to Boost Streamflow for Imperiled Fish",
"datePublished": "2017-07-18T12:56:40-07:00",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/contributor/matt-weiser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Matt Weiser\u003c/a>\u003c/br>Water Deeply",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the heels of of the worst drought in California history, state officials are telling water users in the San Joaquin River basin to give up a major share of their water supplies—permanently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The timing, in some ways, couldn’t be worse for farmers who struggled through the drought. On the other hand, the time is right for imperiled salmon that live in the river and its tributaries. This iconic species may not survive the next drought without more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">State Water Resources Control Board \u003c/a>announced in September that it plans to return the San Joaquin River to 40 percent of its “unimpaired flow.” This means the amount of water that would naturally flow through the river without existing dams and diversions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, according to the water board, is to rebalance water demand on the state’s second-largest river. Policy and practice have long favored human water consumption over water quality and wildlife like Chinook salmon, a species in a steep decline for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board plans a similar process for the Sacramento River, the state’s largest river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We recognize this is very hard to do,” said Les Grober, the water board’s deputy director for water rights. “We just have to be smarter about how water is used overall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To reach the 40 percent goal on the San Joaquin River, hundreds of companies and individuals will have to give up a portion of their right to divert water from the river and three of its tributaries: the Tuolumne, Stanislaus and Merced rivers. The biggest water users are farms and irrigation districts, who use the water to grow crops like almonds, cherries, peaches, apples and tomatoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1858489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1632px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1858489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1632\" height=\"1224\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493.jpg 1632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6493-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1632px) 100vw, 1632px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Joaquin River in January 2017 after persistent winter storms. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Major municipalities will also be affected, including San Francisco, which diverts water from the Tuolumne River.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board has the legal authority to take back water rights when public trust resources, like Chinook salmon populations, are threatened. But it has rarely exercised that authority, partly because to do so requires long and painful deliberations that are likely to result in litigation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">board’s process\u003c/span>\u003c/a> is effectively a water-quality action: The board is proclaiming that streamflows aren’t sufficient to keep water temperatures cold enough for salmon survival.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In fact, the federal Clean Water Act requires the water board to review streamflows every three years to maintain healthy water quality. The state water board holds this responsibility under a custodial arrangement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1858487\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1858487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_6498.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Muddy water in the river after high flows in January 2017. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In the case of the San Joaquin River, the board is 20 years late reviewing streamflows: They have not been comprehensively updated since 1995. As part of the water quality plan it adopted that year, the water board also set a goal to double salmon populations, a target that has never been achieved.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Supporters of flow increases note that the San Joaquin River today is routinely far below the 40 percent target – sometimes near zero. In many of its reaches, the river becomes a series of stagnant pools for weeks or months at a time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The board’s ability to revise water rights in order to rebalance the system and protect public interests is very powerful,” said Doug Obegi, an attorney with the Natural Resources Defense Council. “Significantly more water is going to be required to achieve the salmon doubling goal.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board acknowledges that the 40 percent goal is a compromise. Recent studies have shown salmon actually need 60 percent, including a 2013 \u003cspan class=\"s2\">“\u003c/span>\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/bay_delta/deltaflow/final_rpt.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">flow criteria” report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> by the board itself, and analysis that same year by the California Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Grober said 40 percent acknowledges that river flows must continue serving multiple purposes in the 21st century. So it has called for a range of 30–50 percent of unimpaired flow, with 40 percent as an interim target.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“If you were only considering protection of fish, you’d of course be at the upper end of that range,” Grober said. “The measure isn’t adopting an objective that provides absolute protection, but what is the number that reasonably protects fish and wildlife.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To those who have to give up water, however, the number isn’t reasonable at all.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It will have enormous economic consequences,” said Jake Wenger, general manager of Modesto Irrigation District. “During a dry year, we would essentially have no water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger’s district serves about 100,000 acres of farmland with water diverted from the Tuolumne River. It stores much of that water in Don Pedro Reservoir, which it owns jointly with Turlock Irrigation District and the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board has received more than 20,000 comment letters from supporters and opponents of the flow increase measure. While many of these are form letters generated by interest groups, Grober said “thousands” are unique letters sent by individuals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The water board staff is in the process of reviewing all these comments, and will then prepare a revised proposal for the board to vote on by the end of this year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Modesto and Turlock irrigation districts estimate the streamflow revisions could cost their region $\u003cspan class=\"caps\">1.6\u003c/span> billion in economic output. They launched a website, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://worthyourfight.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">WorthYourFight.org\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, to rally support for their cause.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger is critical of the state’s proposal, he said, because it requires the 40 percent unimpaired flow target to be met continuously between February and June of every year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That means you’re putting a lot of water downstream when fish are not present,” he said. “Whereas the state’s plan is sort of a shotgun approach, we’re proposing a sniper approach.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Wenger says his district is willing to give up some water for what he calls “functional flows.” This means releasing water for instream habitat when monitoring shows salmon are actually present in the river. This ensures the water will be there when fish need it for migrating and spawning, and won’t require farmers and others to give up so much water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission supports this approach, as well. The agency delivers water not just to San Franciscans, but also as a wholesaler to several other Bay Area cities. This water comes from Sierra snowmelt in the Tuolumne River that is stored in Hetch Hetchy and Don Pedro reservoirs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Steve Ritchie, the commission’s assistant general manager for water, said the hit to his agency could be even worse than the water board has estimated because of contract language between San Francisco and the Turlock and Modesto Irrigation districts. The contract, which involves their partnership to operate Don Pedro Reservoir, may require San Francisco to absorb 52 percent of any required streamflow increases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, Ritchie said San Francisco could be required to build 900,000 acre-feet of new water storage to make up for the proposed streamflow losses. To put that in perspective, 900,000 acre-feet is nearly triple the capacity of its existing Hetch Hetchy Reservoir.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It could also require the city to impose conservation measures “that we just wouldn’t be able to achieve,” Ritchie said. That’s because San Franciscans are already the state’s water conservation leaders. Their daily water consumption during the drought fell to just 41 gallons per person, the lowest in the state.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“How low can you go when you are the lowest? It’s a real issue when you are already that efficient,” Ritchie said. “We would have to generate some new water.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">San Francisco says “functional flows” would ease the pain by ordering more water only when and where needed, not all the time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We know we have to give up some water,” Ritchie said. “But the state board proposal really doesn’t work for us.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Grober counters that the state’s proposal accomplishes something similar. By phrasing the flow increases as a percentage of unimpaired flow, it is naturally flexible. Water users would be required to give up a percentage that varies according to the season and according to the presence or absence of drought.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Obegi, the environmental attorney, notes that continuous flow increases over a period of months is important because more than salmon need that water. More flow boosts the food chain, helping to breed aquatic insects that salmon and other species depend on, and it sustains plants that create vital riparian shade in the scorching San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Rather than prescribing specific flows for all different times and places, it’s really providing a budget of water – an account of water that can be used to best provide the benefits to fish and wildlife,” Grober said. “We’re not locked into a set flow objective.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Adjusting water rights in the traditional manner requires the board to start a complicated adjudication process. This is similar to a court proceeding in which the board functions like a panel of judges, hearing testimony as water users summon witnesses.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It is tedious and time consuming: Resolving all the water rights to increase streamflow could take years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In hopes of a faster result, Grober said the state is “vigorously” encouraging water users to offer settlements as an alternative to simply taking back water rights.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A settlement would make streamflow improvements happen much faster. Water users would voluntarily enter into a binding agreement to give up some lesser amount of water in addition to making other habitat improvements, such as controlling invasive species and restoring streambed spawning gravels.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To push the process along, the state brought in a high-powered mediator: Bruce Babbitt, the former \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.S.\u003c/span> Interior Department secretary under President Clinton. Babbitt has been holding a series of closed-door meetings among the parties in hopes of reaching settlements between water users, environmental groups and state officials.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Participants were required to sign a confidentiality agreement, so little information is available about how the talks are proceeding. But word is that the parties remain far apart.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some environmental groups, for example, view the state’s 40 percent unimpaired flow target as a starting point, and they want to see an even higher number in any negotiated settlement. Water users, of course, want less than 40 percent – a lot less, in some cases.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If they can’t reach a settlement, the water board is expected to adopt a new flow requirement by the end of this year. Then it would move into an adjudication process to actually begin amending water rights to make the flow increases happen.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This is likely to bring separate lawsuits from water users, which would further delay any streamflow improvements.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Essentially, you have this piano hanging over your head with someone waiting to cut the string,” said Wenger. “We have a lot of hope that we can move these settlement talks along.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/07/17/battle-looms-as-california-moves-to-dedicate-more-water-to-fish\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about water in California, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Lawmakers Approve Plan to Extend Cap-and-Trade System",
"title": "California Lawmakers Approve Plan to Extend Cap-and-Trade System",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s Legislature on Monday approved an extension of the state’s cap-and-trade program, ensuring the market-based system to limit emissions will continue -- a key tool aimed at allowing the state to meet ambitious goals to slow climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a bipartisan vote, the state Senate and Assembly approved an agreement that addressed both local air quality concerns and the marketplace through which the state limits greenhouse gas emissions. Under cap and trade, businesses buy and sell credits in order to pollute, allowing the state to cap overall greenhouse gas emissions and raise money to fight pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is rising above party,” Gov. Jerry Brown said shortly after the final vote. “When you can lock something in with support of Republicans and Democrats, it has durability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic and Republican lawmakers who supported the bills gathered after the vote, along with Brown, on the stage of a news conference room in the Capitol. It was a rare bipartisan victory lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Republicans don’t get to stand on this stage very much,” said Republican Assembly Leader Chad Mayes, of Yucca Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayes helped broker the final deal to get some Republicans on board, authoring one of a trio of bills that together made up the climate change agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We didn’t come here to Sacramento to just be Republicans and to hate on Democrats,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's a rare bill, a legislative unicorn, that can gain this type of support.'\u003ccite>Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The votes and discussion on the floor of the state Assembly and Senate showed that California’s continued status as a world leader in the fight against climate change is contingent upon old-fashioned consensus politics back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal that guaranteed the extension of cap and trade required concessions from both liberal and moderate Democrats. The package also included provisions that helped secure the Republican votes needed to get the bill passed in the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally think cap and trade sucks,” said Assemblyman Devon Mathis, R-Porterville, who seemed to choke up as he spoke of weighing the decision in church on Sunday. “What we have before us is the opportunity to make something that many of us think is horrible a little bit better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB398\">Assembly Bill 398\u003c/a>, which passed the Assembly on a 55-22 vote, and the Senate on a 28-12 margin, will extend the cap-and-trade system until 2030, while making significant changes to the marketplace. The free emission allowances that help businesses compete with companies in other states will decrease over the life of the extension. So, too, will the free offsets that allow companies to pay for projects to compensate for their emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those provisions, and the maintenance of global climate leadership, were enough to win over many environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others took issue with provisions in the extension that will limit emission regulations outside the cap-and-trade program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably, local air districts will not be allowed to limit carbon dioxide emissions, leaving that responsibility wholly to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only four Democratic lawmakers voted against the extension, all in the state Assembly. On the left flank of the party, progressives Mark Stone of Santa Cruz and Monique Limon of Santa Barbara opposed SB 398. So did business-friendly moderates Adam Gray of Modesto and Sharon Quirk-Silva of Fullerton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On balance, I’m quite clear that supporting it is the superior choice,” said Richard Bloom, D-Santa Monica, one of the progressive Democrats who wrote to Brown last month asking that an extension take a tough stance against local pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB617\">Assembly Bill 617\u003c/a>, the second bill in the package, sought to take on those local air quality concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will empower regional air districts to step up monitoring, retrofitting and enforcement actions against local polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is personal to me,\" said Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia, D-Bell Gardens, who carried AB 617 and was a leading voice during Capitol negotiations for the environmental justice movement. “While I did not get everything that I wanted in this bill, we have moved the ball forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final piece to the cap-and-trade agreement was Assembly Constitutional Amendment 1, introduced late on Friday by Mayes, the Assembly Republican leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure addresses a key component of the cap-and-trade program that the first two bills were silent on: Revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to give Republicans a future say in the spending of cap-and-trade auction proceeds, Mayes' bill would require a two-thirds vote after 2024 to appropriate funds raised through the sale of emission allowances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180ACA1\">ACA 1 \u003c/a>proved to be the most difficult measure to push through the Legislature on Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Senate, Democrats Scott Wiener and Ricardo Lara were initial \"no\" votes, who changed to \"yes\" to keep the measure, and overall deal, alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Republicans were less willing to join the governor and Democrats in extending a program they contend will increase costs for businesses, which will be passed along to California’s consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today is the start of the next great California recession,\" said Sen. Ted Gaines, R-El Dorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months of negotiations required a delicate balance of the concerns of business interests, environmentalists, moderate Republicans and liberal Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a rare bill,” said Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León of Los Angeles. “A legislative unicorn, that can gain this type of support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The higher threshold to spend cap-and-trade funds wasn’t the only olive branch to Republicans. Assembly Bill 378 eliminates the Fire Prevention Fee largely paid by rural Republican areas. It also extends a tax credit for manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Progressive Democrats were able to take home improved air quality rules in AB 617, and an assurance from the governor that he would address one of their top priorities later this year: affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement that was released by Brown's office during the Senate cap-and-trade vote, the governor promised to work on both affordable housing funding and streamlining of development regulations, when the Legislature returns from its summer recess in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commitment may have been enough to convince some hesitant members of his own party to join him on cap and trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything we did was needed to get it done,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s Legislature on Monday approved an extension of the state’s cap-and-trade program, ensuring the market-based system to limit emissions will continue -- a key tool aimed at allowing the state to meet ambitious goals to slow climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a bipartisan vote, the state Senate and Assembly approved an agreement that addressed both local air quality concerns and the marketplace through which the state limits greenhouse gas emissions. Under cap and trade, businesses buy and sell credits in order to pollute, allowing the state to cap overall greenhouse gas emissions and raise money to fight pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is rising above party,” Gov. Jerry Brown said shortly after the final vote. “When you can lock something in with support of Republicans and Democrats, it has durability.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic and Republican lawmakers who supported the bills gathered after the vote, along with Brown, on the stage of a news conference room in the Capitol. It was a rare bipartisan victory lap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Republicans don’t get to stand on this stage very much,” said Republican Assembly Leader Chad Mayes, of Yucca Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayes helped broker the final deal to get some Republicans on board, authoring one of a trio of bills that together made up the climate change agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We didn’t come here to Sacramento to just be Republicans and to hate on Democrats,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's a rare bill, a legislative unicorn, that can gain this type of support.'\u003ccite>Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The votes and discussion on the floor of the state Assembly and Senate showed that California’s continued status as a world leader in the fight against climate change is contingent upon old-fashioned consensus politics back home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deal that guaranteed the extension of cap and trade required concessions from both liberal and moderate Democrats. The package also included provisions that helped secure the Republican votes needed to get the bill passed in the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally think cap and trade sucks,” said Assemblyman Devon Mathis, R-Porterville, who seemed to choke up as he spoke of weighing the decision in church on Sunday. “What we have before us is the opportunity to make something that many of us think is horrible a little bit better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB398\">Assembly Bill 398\u003c/a>, which passed the Assembly on a 55-22 vote, and the Senate on a 28-12 margin, will extend the cap-and-trade system until 2030, while making significant changes to the marketplace. The free emission allowances that help businesses compete with companies in other states will decrease over the life of the extension. So, too, will the free offsets that allow companies to pay for projects to compensate for their emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those provisions, and the maintenance of global climate leadership, were enough to win over many environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others took issue with provisions in the extension that will limit emission regulations outside the cap-and-trade program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most notably, local air districts will not be allowed to limit carbon dioxide emissions, leaving that responsibility wholly to the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But only four Democratic lawmakers voted against the extension, all in the state Assembly. On the left flank of the party, progressives Mark Stone of Santa Cruz and Monique Limon of Santa Barbara opposed SB 398. So did business-friendly moderates Adam Gray of Modesto and Sharon Quirk-Silva of Fullerton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On balance, I’m quite clear that supporting it is the superior choice,” said Richard Bloom, D-Santa Monica, one of the progressive Democrats who wrote to Brown last month asking that an extension take a tough stance against local pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB617\">Assembly Bill 617\u003c/a>, the second bill in the package, sought to take on those local air quality concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will empower regional air districts to step up monitoring, retrofitting and enforcement actions against local polluters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is personal to me,\" said Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia, D-Bell Gardens, who carried AB 617 and was a leading voice during Capitol negotiations for the environmental justice movement. “While I did not get everything that I wanted in this bill, we have moved the ball forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final piece to the cap-and-trade agreement was Assembly Constitutional Amendment 1, introduced late on Friday by Mayes, the Assembly Republican leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure addresses a key component of the cap-and-trade program that the first two bills were silent on: Revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to give Republicans a future say in the spending of cap-and-trade auction proceeds, Mayes' bill would require a two-thirds vote after 2024 to appropriate funds raised through the sale of emission allowances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180ACA1\">ACA 1 \u003c/a>proved to be the most difficult measure to push through the Legislature on Monday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Senate, Democrats Scott Wiener and Ricardo Lara were initial \"no\" votes, who changed to \"yes\" to keep the measure, and overall deal, alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Republicans were less willing to join the governor and Democrats in extending a program they contend will increase costs for businesses, which will be passed along to California’s consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today is the start of the next great California recession,\" said Sen. Ted Gaines, R-El Dorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Months of negotiations required a delicate balance of the concerns of business interests, environmentalists, moderate Republicans and liberal Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a rare bill,” said Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León of Los Angeles. “A legislative unicorn, that can gain this type of support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The higher threshold to spend cap-and-trade funds wasn’t the only olive branch to Republicans. Assembly Bill 378 eliminates the Fire Prevention Fee largely paid by rural Republican areas. It also extends a tax credit for manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Progressive Democrats were able to take home improved air quality rules in AB 617, and an assurance from the governor that he would address one of their top priorities later this year: affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement that was released by Brown's office during the Senate cap-and-trade vote, the governor promised to work on both affordable housing funding and streamlining of development regulations, when the Legislature returns from its summer recess in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commitment may have been enough to convince some hesitant members of his own party to join him on cap and trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
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