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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994844/pge-cuts-power-to-15000-customers-as-dry-winds-whip-across-california\">PG&E Cuts Power to 15,000 Customers as Dry Winds Whip Across California\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Halloween just around the corner, this week won’t be a good time to decorate front yards with inflatable pumpkins or apartment stoops with giant skeletons. The entire Bay Area is in for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994759/high-california-fire-risk-pge-power-outages-30-counties-this-week\">a few days of extreme wind\u003c/a>, forecasters warn, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">PG&E has already begun to cut power\u003c/a> to customers in the region to prevent downed trees or branches from sparking a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are starting to decorate for some of the different festivities and will certainly want to make sure they’ve got those items secure,” said Lamont Bain, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters expect a significant wind event to bring strong gusts and high fire danger to most of the Bay Area, starting around 11 p.m. Thursday and ending Saturday at 5 p.m. The agency said the change in weather could bring offshore winds of 25–35 mph with gusts of up to 50 mph. At the highest peaks, gusts could reach nearly 65 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see the sort of the first vestiges of those strong winds,” Bain said Thursday morning. “The San Francisco [International] Airport is starting to gust upwards of 25 miles an hour as we speak.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds are caused by a storm system sliding down the Sierra Nevada with pressure that is higher than the pressure on the coastline. That pressure difference will force strong winds to flow from inland areas toward the Bay Area — offshore winds that are especially dangerous for fire because they tend to be drier, stronger and warmer than coastal breezes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1846978883234775539\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conditions have led the National Weather Service to issue a red flag warning for the entire Bay Area, Central Coast and northern Central Valley. In response, PG&E is warning \u003ca href=\"https://www.pgecurrents.com/articles/4063-psps-update-week-october-14-2024\">as many as 20,000 customers across two dozen counties\u003c/a> that it may need to shut off their power this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Windy conditions create elevated wildfire risk and the risk of debris or vegetation flying into our lines and potentially causing ignitions,” said Jake Zigelman, PG&E vice president of the Bay Area region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E equipment has been found responsible for starting several wildfires in recent years, including the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California history. The Camp Fire, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747485/cal-fires-official-finding-pge-equipment-touched-off-camp-fire\">sparked by a malfunctioning PG&E transmission line\u003c/a> in Butte County, killed 85 people and destroyed nearly 14,000 homes — leading to a $13.5 billion settlement with victims and liabilities that temporarily \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879943/a-year-after-pge-left-bankruptcy-spending-by-fire-victim-trust-remains-a-mystery\">pushed the utility into bankruptcy protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11836990 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/09/RS43113_GettyImages-1188966941-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Power disruptions are a challenge for our customers, but we’re squarely focused on safety and ensuring the safety of our part of the public and the communities we serve,” Zigelman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said potential shut-offs could happen at some point Thursday in these counties: Alameda, Colusa, Contra Costa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Santa Clara, Shasta, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama and Yolo. On Friday, the company could also turn off power to residents in these counties: Butte, Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Merced, Monterey, Pluma, San Benito, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz and Stanislaus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the potential wind impacts are spread across the Bay Area, Zigelman said, “the largest chunk of potential customers” who could lose power are in Napa and Solano counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents are encouraged to exercise extreme caution because the wind and low relative humidity will make it easier for a fire to start and rapidly spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People should refrain from activities that could start a fire, Bain said, adding that “burning may actually be illegal” in areas under the red flag warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t throw cigarette butts out the window; secure tire chains because when they drag, they can be efficient at creating a spark,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994844/pge-cuts-power-to-15000-customers-as-dry-winds-whip-across-california\">PG&E Cuts Power to 15,000 Customers as Dry Winds Whip Across California\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Halloween just around the corner, this week won’t be a good time to decorate front yards with inflatable pumpkins or apartment stoops with giant skeletons. The entire Bay Area is in for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994759/high-california-fire-risk-pge-power-outages-30-counties-this-week\">a few days of extreme wind\u003c/a>, forecasters warn, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11836990/pge-shutoffs-are-here-again-what-to-know-about-power-outages-today\">PG&E has already begun to cut power\u003c/a> to customers in the region to prevent downed trees or branches from sparking a fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are starting to decorate for some of the different festivities and will certainly want to make sure they’ve got those items secure,” said Lamont Bain, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters expect a significant wind event to bring strong gusts and high fire danger to most of the Bay Area, starting around 11 p.m. Thursday and ending Saturday at 5 p.m. The agency said the change in weather could bring offshore winds of 25–35 mph with gusts of up to 50 mph. At the highest peaks, gusts could reach nearly 65 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The conditions have led the National Weather Service to issue a red flag warning for the entire Bay Area, Central Coast and northern Central Valley. In response, PG&E is warning \u003ca href=\"https://www.pgecurrents.com/articles/4063-psps-update-week-october-14-2024\">as many as 20,000 customers across two dozen counties\u003c/a> that it may need to shut off their power this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Windy conditions create elevated wildfire risk and the risk of debris or vegetation flying into our lines and potentially causing ignitions,” said Jake Zigelman, PG&E vice president of the Bay Area region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E equipment has been found responsible for starting several wildfires in recent years, including the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in California history. The Camp Fire, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11747485/cal-fires-official-finding-pge-equipment-touched-off-camp-fire\">sparked by a malfunctioning PG&E transmission line\u003c/a> in Butte County, killed 85 people and destroyed nearly 14,000 homes — leading to a $13.5 billion settlement with victims and liabilities that temporarily \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11879943/a-year-after-pge-left-bankruptcy-spending-by-fire-victim-trust-remains-a-mystery\">pushed the utility into bankruptcy protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Power disruptions are a challenge for our customers, but we’re squarely focused on safety and ensuring the safety of our part of the public and the communities we serve,” Zigelman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said potential shut-offs could happen at some point Thursday in these counties: Alameda, Colusa, Contra Costa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Santa Clara, Shasta, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama and Yolo. On Friday, the company could also turn off power to residents in these counties: Butte, Fresno, Madera, Mariposa, Merced, Monterey, Pluma, San Benito, Santa Barbara, Santa Cruz and Stanislaus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the potential wind impacts are spread across the Bay Area, Zigelman said, “the largest chunk of potential customers” who could lose power are in Napa and Solano counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents are encouraged to exercise extreme caution because the wind and low relative humidity will make it easier for a fire to start and rapidly spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People should refrain from activities that could start a fire, Bain said, adding that “burning may actually be illegal” in areas under the red flag warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t throw cigarette butts out the window; secure tire chains because when they drag, they can be efficient at creating a spark,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A group of climate and labor activists, who call themselves Fossil Free Berkeley, are bringing a tax on natural gas use in large buildings to Berkeley voters on Nov. 5 in the form of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/voterguide/alameda/measures#measure-gg\">Measure GG\u003c/a>. They argue that a large tax is just the kind of “stick” society needs to cut emissions from buildings, and the climate crisis necessitates an aggressive timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many in the city, including its state senator, mayor, assemblymember — and the David Brower Center, a “home for the environmental movement” — said while the measure is well-intentioned, the tax would essentially double the cost of gas for some in a very short timeframe, could backfire for future initiatives to decarbonize, and would likely drive businesses and nonprofits out of Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax would apply to large, mostly commercial, buildings and be paid by their owners. Berkeley city staff estimate it would apply to 609 buildings and generate roughly $26.7 million annually, which would be larger than the city’s annual sales tax revenue. The first tax would be due in early 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly a third of Berkeley’s climate emissions are from methane released from buildings: from appliances like furnaces, hot water heaters, clothes dryers and stoves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funds raised would help convert buildings powered by gas to electricity, focusing on protecting tenants and concentrating on communities experiencing disproportionate pollution. And it would help Berkeley residents comply with costly rules set by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District requiring new water and space heaters to be zero-emission by 2027 and 2029, respectively. Some money would be spent on a workforce to accomplish this electrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for Measure GG came after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11946999/court-strikes-down-berkeleys-landmark-ban-on-natural-gas-in-new-construction\">federal appeals court struck down a prior effort\u003c/a> by the city to chip away at pollution from buildings. Berkeley introduced a landmark ban on gas hookups in new construction in 2019, and more than 70 local and state jurisdictions followed suit before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals said the regulation conflicted with federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Tahara, a Berkeley resident, Tesla engineer, and climate activist, wrote Measure GG. He said the high cost of a carbon tax \u003cem>should\u003c/em> come as a shock to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a signal of how much we are underestimating the cost of the status quo,” Tahara said. “That’s how much damage we are doing to society. That’s how much we are subsidizing the use of methane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tahara pointed to the \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-01/Berkeley-Existing-Buildings-Electrification-Strategy.pdf\">city’s own paper\u003c/a> outlining the need for building electrification, which states, “UCLA researchers \u003ca href=\"https://coeh.ph.ucla.edu/effects-of-residential-gas-appliances-on-indoor-and-outdoor-air-quality-and-public-health-in-california/\">estimate\u003c/a> that if we electrify all of the fossil fuel appliances in the Bay Area, we could avoid over 300 respiratory illnesses, save over 130 lives, and save $1.2 billion in healthcare costs — every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tahara responded to pushback on how quickly the tax would go into effect – in January 2025, with the first collection in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The principle here is the climate’s not really giving us a phase-in,” Tahara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional proponents include environmental groups like 350 Bay Area and Citizens Climate Lobby of Alameda County, tenants rights organizations, and some labor unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many of the city’s political, business and nonprofit leaders don’t think Measure GG is the policy to meet Berkeley, and California’s, climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy “is a very well-intentioned effort to reduce our carbon footprint and move large buildings off of natural gas,” said Maria Hassid, executive director of the Brower Center, which houses 25 nonprofits and businesses with like-minded missions. “Unfortunately, the people who wrote this well-intentioned measure didn’t really think through all of the consequences, and it has some really concerning ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will hit nonprofits like the Brower Center and the YMCA hard, Hassid said. While the measure exempts nonprofits with a revenue of under $1,000,000 from paying the tax, many will not make that cut-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She estimated the tax will cost the Brower Center $90,000 annually (the city report estimates a slightly lower \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-07-30%20Special%20Item%2010%20Section%209212%20Report%20Large%20Buildings%20Fossil%20Fuel.pdf\">$78,952\u003c/a>), and would force her organization to cut their extensive public programming as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ric O’Connell, who heads a nonprofit working to create a low-carbon grid, called Measure GG a bad policy that would be neither effective nor durable. His organization, GridLab, is based at the Brower Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Moving off of gas takes time and significant investment in new equipment. Large buildings can’t simply install new, capital-intensive retrofits overnight, and PG&E often needs several years to install an upgraded power drop,” O’Connell wrote in a letter to the city council. “It’s like doubling the cost of gasoline at the pump and expecting people to switch to electric cars immediately. Businesses need time, and a tax that takes effect immediately and more than doubles costs will simply raise prices for everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple businesses and nonprofits also oppose the measure, like Berkeley Bowl and the Berkeley Repertory Theatre.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Details of the carbon tax\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The tax would apply to buildings 15,000 square feet or larger, with certain exceptions, like for government buildings, single-family residences and residential buildings with at least 50% affordable units.[aside postID=\"news_11946999,news_11947150\" label=\"Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley residents currently pay about $2.33 per therm of gas, the unit of energy used to measure the commodity, according to UC Berkeley energy and economics professor \u003ca href=\"https://energyathaas.wordpress.com/2024/08/19/berkeley-makes-another-run-at-natural-gas/\">Severin Borenstein\u003c/a>. The measure would tax an additional $2.96 per therm of gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://fossilfreeberkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LargeBuildingsFossilFuelTax_Whitepaper.pdf\">tax calculation\u003c/a> is based on methane emissions, the largest component in natural gas, and the social cost of carbon, which estimates economic damage to society caused by greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its first year, Public Storage would pay around $900, Berkeley Bowl — for its Marketplace and West locations — roughly $279,000 and the pharmaceutical company Bayer would need to shell out nearly $6.5 million for its main campus on Dwight Way, according \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-07-30%20Special%20Item%2010%20Section%209212%20Report%20Large%20Buildings%20Fossil%20Fuel.pdf\">to city estimates\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n[aside label=\"From the 2024 Voter Guide\" link1='https://www.kqed.org/voterguide/alameda,Alameda County: Your Voter Guide to Navigate the Candidates and Issues on Your Ballot' hero=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/80/2024/02/Aside-Voter-Guide-Local-Elections-Alameda-County-1200x1200-1.png]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building owners would pay the tax and be prohibited from passing the cost on to tenants in residential or mixed-use buildings through either increased rent or other costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the standpoint of economics, the idea of a tax is very appealing because it encourages behavior and doesn’t mandate a specific action,” said Andrew Campbell, executive director of the Energy Institute at Haas at UC Berkeley, which takes no position on the ballot initiative. “But there are quite a few challenges around this particular measure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell called the tax rate “very, very high.” And while Berkeley’s former ban on gas hook ups applied to new buildings, this measure affects existing buildings, which are expensive to update. “If you plan for all-electric, no natural gas at the time of construction, it’s a much lower cost than coming in later,” Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest concern I would have is: how will the building owners respond and what will happen to the businesses?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If businesses and nonprofits moved out of a place like Berkeley, Campbell added, which is very walkable and bikeable, they may land in a city less welcoming to pedestrians and bikes. That could lead to an unintended consequence of increased fuel use when people drive to get to the displaced ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell said he is troubled by the state’s extraordinarily high electricity rates. “When we’re talking about switching to electricity,” he said, “it’s pushing people into some very high rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure GG requires a simple majority to pass.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Grassroots climate activists argue a tax on gas use in large buildings will help all of Berkeley kick fossil fuels. But many politicians, businesses, and nonprofits, even those that work on climate, don’t think Measure GG is the policy to get there.",
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"title": "Berkeley Climate Activists Push for Carbon Tax With Measure GG, But Critics Warn it Could Backfire | KQED",
"description": "Grassroots climate activists argue a tax on gas use in large buildings will help all of Berkeley kick fossil fuels. But many politicians, businesses, and nonprofits, even those that work on climate, don’t think Measure GG is the policy to get there.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A group of climate and labor activists, who call themselves Fossil Free Berkeley, are bringing a tax on natural gas use in large buildings to Berkeley voters on Nov. 5 in the form of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/voterguide/alameda/measures#measure-gg\">Measure GG\u003c/a>. They argue that a large tax is just the kind of “stick” society needs to cut emissions from buildings, and the climate crisis necessitates an aggressive timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many in the city, including its state senator, mayor, assemblymember — and the David Brower Center, a “home for the environmental movement” — said while the measure is well-intentioned, the tax would essentially double the cost of gas for some in a very short timeframe, could backfire for future initiatives to decarbonize, and would likely drive businesses and nonprofits out of Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tax would apply to large, mostly commercial, buildings and be paid by their owners. Berkeley city staff estimate it would apply to 609 buildings and generate roughly $26.7 million annually, which would be larger than the city’s annual sales tax revenue. The first tax would be due in early 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roughly a third of Berkeley’s climate emissions are from methane released from buildings: from appliances like furnaces, hot water heaters, clothes dryers and stoves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Funds raised would help convert buildings powered by gas to electricity, focusing on protecting tenants and concentrating on communities experiencing disproportionate pollution. And it would help Berkeley residents comply with costly rules set by the Bay Area Air Quality Management District requiring new water and space heaters to be zero-emission by 2027 and 2029, respectively. Some money would be spent on a workforce to accomplish this electrification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea for Measure GG came after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11946999/court-strikes-down-berkeleys-landmark-ban-on-natural-gas-in-new-construction\">federal appeals court struck down a prior effort\u003c/a> by the city to chip away at pollution from buildings. Berkeley introduced a landmark ban on gas hookups in new construction in 2019, and more than 70 local and state jurisdictions followed suit before the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals said the regulation conflicted with federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daniel Tahara, a Berkeley resident, Tesla engineer, and climate activist, wrote Measure GG. He said the high cost of a carbon tax \u003cem>should\u003c/em> come as a shock to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a signal of how much we are underestimating the cost of the status quo,” Tahara said. “That’s how much damage we are doing to society. That’s how much we are subsidizing the use of methane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tahara pointed to the \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/2022-01/Berkeley-Existing-Buildings-Electrification-Strategy.pdf\">city’s own paper\u003c/a> outlining the need for building electrification, which states, “UCLA researchers \u003ca href=\"https://coeh.ph.ucla.edu/effects-of-residential-gas-appliances-on-indoor-and-outdoor-air-quality-and-public-health-in-california/\">estimate\u003c/a> that if we electrify all of the fossil fuel appliances in the Bay Area, we could avoid over 300 respiratory illnesses, save over 130 lives, and save $1.2 billion in healthcare costs — every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tahara responded to pushback on how quickly the tax would go into effect – in January 2025, with the first collection in 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The principle here is the climate’s not really giving us a phase-in,” Tahara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additional proponents include environmental groups like 350 Bay Area and Citizens Climate Lobby of Alameda County, tenants rights organizations, and some labor unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many of the city’s political, business and nonprofit leaders don’t think Measure GG is the policy to meet Berkeley, and California’s, climate goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy “is a very well-intentioned effort to reduce our carbon footprint and move large buildings off of natural gas,” said Maria Hassid, executive director of the Brower Center, which houses 25 nonprofits and businesses with like-minded missions. “Unfortunately, the people who wrote this well-intentioned measure didn’t really think through all of the consequences, and it has some really concerning ones.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will hit nonprofits like the Brower Center and the YMCA hard, Hassid said. While the measure exempts nonprofits with a revenue of under $1,000,000 from paying the tax, many will not make that cut-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She estimated the tax will cost the Brower Center $90,000 annually (the city report estimates a slightly lower \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-07-30%20Special%20Item%2010%20Section%209212%20Report%20Large%20Buildings%20Fossil%20Fuel.pdf\">$78,952\u003c/a>), and would force her organization to cut their extensive public programming as a result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ric O’Connell, who heads a nonprofit working to create a low-carbon grid, called Measure GG a bad policy that would be neither effective nor durable. His organization, GridLab, is based at the Brower Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Moving off of gas takes time and significant investment in new equipment. Large buildings can’t simply install new, capital-intensive retrofits overnight, and PG&E often needs several years to install an upgraded power drop,” O’Connell wrote in a letter to the city council. “It’s like doubling the cost of gasoline at the pump and expecting people to switch to electric cars immediately. Businesses need time, and a tax that takes effect immediately and more than doubles costs will simply raise prices for everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple businesses and nonprofits also oppose the measure, like Berkeley Bowl and the Berkeley Repertory Theatre.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Details of the carbon tax\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The tax would apply to buildings 15,000 square feet or larger, with certain exceptions, like for government buildings, single-family residences and residential buildings with at least 50% affordable units.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley residents currently pay about $2.33 per therm of gas, the unit of energy used to measure the commodity, according to UC Berkeley energy and economics professor \u003ca href=\"https://energyathaas.wordpress.com/2024/08/19/berkeley-makes-another-run-at-natural-gas/\">Severin Borenstein\u003c/a>. The measure would tax an additional $2.96 per therm of gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://fossilfreeberkeley.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/LargeBuildingsFossilFuelTax_Whitepaper.pdf\">tax calculation\u003c/a> is based on methane emissions, the largest component in natural gas, and the social cost of carbon, which estimates economic damage to society caused by greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its first year, Public Storage would pay around $900, Berkeley Bowl — for its Marketplace and West locations — roughly $279,000 and the pharmaceutical company Bayer would need to shell out nearly $6.5 million for its main campus on Dwight Way, according \u003ca href=\"https://berkeleyca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2024-07-30%20Special%20Item%2010%20Section%209212%20Report%20Large%20Buildings%20Fossil%20Fuel.pdf\">to city estimates\u003c/a>.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building owners would pay the tax and be prohibited from passing the cost on to tenants in residential or mixed-use buildings through either increased rent or other costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the standpoint of economics, the idea of a tax is very appealing because it encourages behavior and doesn’t mandate a specific action,” said Andrew Campbell, executive director of the Energy Institute at Haas at UC Berkeley, which takes no position on the ballot initiative. “But there are quite a few challenges around this particular measure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell called the tax rate “very, very high.” And while Berkeley’s former ban on gas hook ups applied to new buildings, this measure affects existing buildings, which are expensive to update. “If you plan for all-electric, no natural gas at the time of construction, it’s a much lower cost than coming in later,” Campbell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest concern I would have is: how will the building owners respond and what will happen to the businesses?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If businesses and nonprofits moved out of a place like Berkeley, Campbell added, which is very walkable and bikeable, they may land in a city less welcoming to pedestrians and bikes. That could lead to an unintended consequence of increased fuel use when people drive to get to the displaced ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell said he is troubled by the state’s extraordinarily high electricity rates. “When we’re talking about switching to electricity,” he said, “it’s pushing people into some very high rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "High California Fire Risk Could Lead to PG&E Power Outages in 30 Counties This Week",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/pge\">PG&E\u003c/a> customers in 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/california\">California\u003c/a> counties could temporarily lose their electricity by the end of the week because of elevated fire risk across the state, the utility said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pgealerts.alerts.pge.com/psps-updates/7day/\">potential power shutoffs\u003c/a> are meant to avoid sparking a fire during critical conditions. The company reports that a “fully cured grass crop” is abundant at all elevations and that extra windy conditions could help a wildfire spread exceptionally quickly if a fire ignites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s meteorologists “are tracking a weather system that may bring strong winds up to 70 mph across parts of our service area,” said Megan McFarland, a public information officer for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service has issued a red flag warning for the entire Central Coast, the Bay Area — including the San Francisco Bay shoreline — and the northern Central Valley. Dalton Behringer, a meteorologist with the agency’s Bay Area offices, said Californians should take extreme precautions because the dry and extra windy conditions will create perfect conditions for a wildfire to grow out of control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not out of the woods,” Behringer said. “We’re getting closer to the wet season, but we still have to be vigilant, even if there’s rain on the horizon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1846243799082979588\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behringer said winds could reach 40 mph over mountain passes. In the Bay Area, the greatest threat is in the higher elevations of the North Bay, East Bay, Central Coast and Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By Thursday, the wind ramps up and then really switches around to that offshore direction by Thursday night,” Behringer said. “Friday and Saturday is when we see the driest conditions along with the wind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11993386 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/ThompsonFireOrovilleAP1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting Thursday, PG&E could cut power to customers in 12 counties: Alameda, Colusa, Contra Costa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Shasta, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama and Yolo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the fire risk grows into the weekend, customers in 30 counties could go without power on Friday and Saturday in these counties: Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Lake, Madera, Mariposa, Mendocino, Merced, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Shasta, Sierra, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tehama, Tuolumne and Yolo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, the potential power shutoff is just a warning, and McFarland said customers will be notified by email, phone or text “to help them plan and prepare for a potential” planned power outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McFarland said PG&E opened its emergency operations center in Vacaville on Tuesday before the potential power shutoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Dry, windy conditions will elevate fire risk across California as forecasters warn that strong winds up to 70 mph and dry grasses could easily lead to a wildfire growing out of control.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/pge\">PG&E\u003c/a> customers in 30 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/california\">California\u003c/a> counties could temporarily lose their electricity by the end of the week because of elevated fire risk across the state, the utility said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://pgealerts.alerts.pge.com/psps-updates/7day/\">potential power shutoffs\u003c/a> are meant to avoid sparking a fire during critical conditions. The company reports that a “fully cured grass crop” is abundant at all elevations and that extra windy conditions could help a wildfire spread exceptionally quickly if a fire ignites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company’s meteorologists “are tracking a weather system that may bring strong winds up to 70 mph across parts of our service area,” said Megan McFarland, a public information officer for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service has issued a red flag warning for the entire Central Coast, the Bay Area — including the San Francisco Bay shoreline — and the northern Central Valley. Dalton Behringer, a meteorologist with the agency’s Bay Area offices, said Californians should take extreme precautions because the dry and extra windy conditions will create perfect conditions for a wildfire to grow out of control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not out of the woods,” Behringer said. “We’re getting closer to the wet season, but we still have to be vigilant, even if there’s rain on the horizon.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Behringer said winds could reach 40 mph over mountain passes. In the Bay Area, the greatest threat is in the higher elevations of the North Bay, East Bay, Central Coast and Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By Thursday, the wind ramps up and then really switches around to that offshore direction by Thursday night,” Behringer said. “Friday and Saturday is when we see the driest conditions along with the wind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting Thursday, PG&E could cut power to customers in 12 counties: Alameda, Colusa, Contra Costa, Glenn, Lake, Mendocino, Napa, Shasta, Solano, Sonoma, Tehama and Yolo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the fire risk grows into the weekend, customers in 30 counties could go without power on Friday and Saturday in these counties: Alameda, Alpine, Amador, Butte, Calaveras, Colusa, Contra Costa, El Dorado, Fresno, Glenn, Lake, Madera, Mariposa, Mendocino, Merced, Monterey, Napa, Nevada, Placer, Plumas, San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Shasta, Sierra, Solano, Sonoma, Stanislaus, Tehama, Tuolumne and Yolo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point, the potential power shutoff is just a warning, and McFarland said customers will be notified by email, phone or text “to help them plan and prepare for a potential” planned power outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McFarland said PG&E opened its emergency operations center in Vacaville on Tuesday before the potential power shutoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The fingerprint of climate change is all over the current news. If considering the destruction now seen from Hurricanes Milton, Helene and the wildfires in the West this year feels hard, you’re not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let me offer an idea. Learning more about climate change, with the support of others, can help. It can make us feel less helpless, less overwhelmed, more engaged, able to talk about solutions with our friends and families and take action in our own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the idea behind the KQED Climate Book Club, which I host. Currently, we are reading “The Ministry for the Future” by Kim Stanley Robinson. The book is a work of climate fiction set in the near future, where climate change has worsened.[aside postID=\"mindshift_64855,science_1994643\" label=\"Relates Stories\"] It follows an international organization – a bureaucratic supergroup – that advocates for the long-term survival and well-being of future generations. It examines a range of solutions we might do once we finally get serious about fixing climate change. Former President Barack Obama selected it as one of his favorite books from the year 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a taste of Kim Stanley Robinson’s verve and imagination in solving the climate crisis, sample this “letter from the future” from the TED YouTube channel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dzWRHi-Bmuk&ab_channel=TED\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m thrilled that the author has agreed to join us for the final discussion of the book, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/event/4659\">live at KQED\u003c/a> headquarters on Dec. 18. We will also meet up on Oct. 19 at KQED, during \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/kqed-fest-2024\">KQED Fest\u003c/a>, for a chat about the first half of the book. And we have an ongoing discussion aboard \u003ca href=\"http://discord.gg/kqed\">KQED Forum’s Discord\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The fingerprint of climate change is all over the current news. If considering the destruction now seen from Hurricanes Milton, Helene and the wildfires in the West this year feels hard, you’re not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But let me offer an idea. Learning more about climate change, with the support of others, can help. It can make us feel less helpless, less overwhelmed, more engaged, able to talk about solutions with our friends and families and take action in our own lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the idea behind the KQED Climate Book Club, which I host. Currently, we are reading “The Ministry for the Future” by Kim Stanley Robinson. The book is a work of climate fiction set in the near future, where climate change has worsened.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> It follows an international organization – a bureaucratic supergroup – that advocates for the long-term survival and well-being of future generations. It examines a range of solutions we might do once we finally get serious about fixing climate change. Former President Barack Obama selected it as one of his favorite books from the year 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a taste of Kim Stanley Robinson’s verve and imagination in solving the climate crisis, sample this “letter from the future” from the TED YouTube channel.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/dzWRHi-Bmuk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/dzWRHi-Bmuk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m thrilled that the author has agreed to join us for the final discussion of the book, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/event/4659\">live at KQED\u003c/a> headquarters on Dec. 18. We will also meet up on Oct. 19 at KQED, during \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/kqed-fest-2024\">KQED Fest\u003c/a>, for a chat about the first half of the book. And we have an ongoing discussion aboard \u003ca href=\"http://discord.gg/kqed\">KQED Forum’s Discord\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-record-breaking-heat-waves-add-to-risks-for-western-monarch-butterflies",
"title": "How Record-Breaking Heat Waves Add to Risks for Western Monarch Butterflies",
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"content": "\u003cp>About a week ago, several monarch caterpillars were busily munching on the native narrowleaf milkweed I’d planted in my backyard in the San Francisco Bay Area to provide habitat for the imperiled pollinators. Then, a record-breaking fall heat wave triggered warnings about extremely dangerous temperatures across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully, most of the caterpillars crawled off to find a safe place away from predators to form the pupa, or chrysalis, that envelops them as their wings and adult organs take shape. But at least one fellow wasn’t so lucky. One day, he was active and feeding; the next, he looked lethargic, stopped eating and began to shrivel as his bright yellow stripes disappeared under a sickly dark film. Most likely, he succumbed to a fatal viral or parasitic infection known as black death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecologists have long worried about the effects of a rapidly changing climate on specialists like monarchs, whose reproductive success depends on closely linked interactions with a single family of plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch caterpillars feed almost exclusively on milkweed plants within the genus Asclepias, which contain toxic chemicals called cardenolides. The caterpillars absorb the toxins, which deter predators that might otherwise eat them, but typically don’t harm the larvae—that is unless high temperatures cause plants to produce much higher levels of the chemical, as \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.2198\">researchers reported\u003c/a> in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs (and other butterflies) are highly sensitive to temperature, the environmental cue that tells them when to reproduce, migrate and hibernate during the winter. Climate change, particularly warmer falls over several decades, has led to widespread declines of 250 butterfly species, including monarchs, across largely undeveloped landscapes in the West, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe5585\">2021 study\u003c/a> published in the journal Science found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are scrambling to understand how these temperature changes will likely affect monarchs throughout their life cycle, as they develop from egg to butterfly, interact with their sole host plant and navigate the world as adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidence is emerging, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10791526/\">research published\u003c/a> earlier this year, that prolonged exposure to high heat can prove fatal for monarchs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exposure to constant heat of 93 degrees Fahrenheit caused about 50 percent mortality,” said study coauthor Sonia Altizer, an infectious disease ecologist at the Odum School of Ecology at the University of Georgia. Monarch size and survival “declined sharply” at 93 degrees, the researchers found, along with the probability of infection from the monarch’s parasitic nemesis, a single-celled protozoan known as OE, for Ophryocystis elektroscirrha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as the monarch evolved as a milkweed specialist, OE infects only monarchs and a few other butterfly species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths happened around the time the caterpillars were pupating or trying to emerge as a butterfly, Altizer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, she added, “We found that the protozoan parasite does not like the heat either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s conceivable that as rising temperatures in a warming world harm both monarchs and their parasites, lower infection rates could potentially offset the negative impacts of extreme heat on monarchs. But with so many other variables at play—differences in monarch immunity, parasite strains’ heat tolerance, milkweed quality and chemistry, to name a few—more research is needed to tease apart all the possible scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a three-year field experiment that recreated elements of the natural landscape in California’s Central Valley, researchers found that both monarch eggs and caterpillars experienced strong negative effects from heat stress late in the season. “We speculate that the increasing incidence and intensity of heat waves may have reduced the developmental success of monarchs,” the authors concluded in the study, \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.9039\">published\u003c/a> in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs can tolerate short periods of heat as caterpillars, as long as they find respite each day, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25481789\">research shows\u003c/a>. Altizer thought heat stress may have played a role in the rapid decline of the caterpillar that succumbed to disease in my garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Conservation Conundrum\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Biologists gauge the health of monarch butterfly populations by tallying their numbers over the winter when they take a break from breeding and cluster in groves of trees. North America has two populations of migratory monarchs: the western monarchs, which breed west of the Rocky Mountains, and the much larger eastern population, which overwinters in Mexico. They’re genetically similar and have both suffered major declines over the past several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have identified \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/56/2/343/2240655?login=false#36133590\">loss of milkweed habitat\u003c/a> and use of weed-killing pesticides across the eastern monarchs’ core breeding ground in the Midwest as a major driver of the population’s decline. \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/blog/western-monarch-population-closer-to-extinction-as-wait-continues-for-monarchs-protection\">Loss of overwintering habitat\u003c/a> appears to be a primary cause of the western monarchs’ decline, though in both cases, experts warn, it’s likely that many factors are playing a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1994699\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/MonarchButterflyCount2023-750px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/MonarchButterflyCount2023-750px.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/MonarchButterflyCount2023-750px-160x142.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land-use change, including agricultural practices, chemical inputs, habitat fragmentation, pollution, development, disturbance, and so forth, is what has been incrementally creeping up over the last century,” wrote Anurag Agrawal, Cornell University evolutionary ecologist and author of “Monarchs and Milkweed,” in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1903409116\">2019 commentary\u003c/a> in the journal PNAS. “Which of the many aspects of this long-term environmental crumbling is responsible for monarch declines is unclear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western monarchs overwinter in groves of non-native eucalyptus and native Monterey pine and cypress trees, primarily at sites along the Pacific coast. Last year, the nonprofit Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, which supervises the \u003ca href=\"https://westernmonarchcount.org/\">Western Monarch Count\u003c/a>, reported 233,394 butterflies at 257 overwintering sites along the coast of California, northern Baja California and Mexico, as well as a few inland sites. California’s Central Coast hosts the largest overwintering sites, where butterfly lovers can see as many as 10,000 in Santa Cruz and more than 15,000 in Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The count offered a bit of good news after a dire few years. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320717304809\">2017 study\u003c/a> reported a “sharp decline” in the western population, from an estimated 4.5 million in the 1980s to about 300,000 in 2016. More losses followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the winter of 2018-2019, overwintering western monarch populations had plummeted to about 30,000, \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ecology-and-evolution/articles/10.3389/fevo.2019.00258/full\">researchers reported\u003c/a> in 2019. The decline followed a prolonged multi-year drought, at the time the \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4429#:~:text=Severe%20Drought%20Lasted%20From%202012,third%20driest%20year%20on%20record.\">driest consecutive four years\u003c/a> on record, a late rainy season marked by heavy storms and a summer filled with wildfire smoke. Unusually heavy rains during the spring of 2018 may have played a role in the population decline, the researchers noted, and it’s possible the storms compounded problems with habitat quality at overwintering sites or inland breeding locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if those declines weren’t bad enough, “the bottom fell out” in 2020, with only 2,000 butterflies overwintering, said Emma Pelton, senior conservation biologist with the Xerces Society who contributed to the 2017 and 2019 studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwintering population of western monarchs currently hovers around 5 percent of historic figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change has made the butterfly’s range warmer, drier and more prone to heatwaves, wildfires and winter storms. And groves at the Central Coast wintering sites have still not recovered from the historic drought during the last decade, said Pelton. The eucalyptus trees that monarchs rely on were “really hammered” by drought and created a fire risk, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such indirect effects of drought and heat stress on critical overwintering habitat are an unappreciated impact of climate change, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same winter, when just a few thousand butterflies showed up to hibernate, scientists reported “substantial numbers” of monarchs breeding primarily on non-native ornamental milkweed at two urban sites about an hour south of San Francisco. Non-native tropical milkweed species, unlike western natives, stay green year-round and can act as a cue to fall migrants—which emerge in a nonreproductive state called diapause—that it’s breeding time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, year-round milkweed accumulates higher concentrations of that parasitic nemesis OE. Monarchs that stay on these patches to breed during winter have higher parasite loads and become a vehicle for disease transmission. OE infected as many as 77 percent of newly emerged butterflies throughout the study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/10/946\">published in 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western monarchs were found breeding in winter before the 2021 study. Scientists in Altizer’s lab sampled more than 1,200 monarchs at 42 year-round breeding sites in Southern California between 2013 and 2016. Most of the year-round breeders were on non-native tropical milkweed (A. curassavica), a popular garden plant, though a few sites had native species that supported breeding until they died back in late winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence of OE infection was nine times higher among monarchs sampled in gardens with year-round breeding compared to monarchs that had migrated to overwintering sites during that time, they reported in the study, \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/56/2/343/2240655?login=false\">published in 2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Can Adaptation Save Monarchs?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>David James, who documented the winter breeders, supports efforts to grow native milkweed where possible and grows it in his own garden in western Washington. However, he believes that winter breeding on non-native milkweed may reflect the species’ ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions and could be important for the continued sustainability of western monarch populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any milkweed is good milkweed as far as the monarch is concerned,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not a position that is widely shared among monarch ecologists and conservation biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been some debate about whether monarchs, which are found in more than 90 countries and islands around the world, evolved as a tropical species. However, a genetic analysis of the monarch’s evolutionary history and dispersal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13812\">published in 2014\u003c/a>, found that it originated as a migratory species in North America, which suggests millennia of munching milkweed species native to that environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means non-native milkweeds could lead to a host of unforeseen effects on monarchs, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a healthy debate going on in the research world around the role of tropical milkweed,” said Pelton. The evidence is strong that it adds to disease, she said, so the question is whether the increase in butterflies counterbalances the increase in disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994692\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1994692\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A western monarch is seen healthy and eating native narrowleaf milkweed the day a heatwave hits the San Francisco Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Liza Gross/Inside Climate News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994693\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1994693\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A few days after the heatwave hit, the western monarch shows signs of an infection that will soon kill the caterpillar. \u003ccite>(Liza Gross/Inside Climate News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pelton, along with her Xerces colleagues, takes a precautionary approach. “We have a struggling population, and this is a non-native plant with some proven evidence that it increases OE,” she said, adding that it may also interfere with migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OE is an infection that monarchs evolved with, Pelton said, which is probably why they migrate. Infected individuals may not be strong enough to travel and could die on the way, reducing the number of disease carriers, while migration reduces population density and, thus, transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throwing more disease in the mix with these declining populations just seems like a bad idea,” Pelton said. “All things being equal, let’s use the native plant the monarch co-evolved with, that’s providing resources to other animals and not adding this X factor, especially in a changing climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelton is sympathetic to gardeners who enjoy seeing caterpillars on their tropical milkweed and believes it’s important not to demonize people for wanting to grow it. But there’s some dissonance between the personal perspective—the thrill of seeing butterflies in your yard—and the bigger perspective of what’s actually aiding western monarchs over the long term, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they need is enough habitat that’s not poisoned by pesticides or impacted by extreme heat,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Saving an iconic butterfly is important and would help us sustain beauty, wonder, and majesty in nature,” Cornell’s Agrawal said in his PNAS commentary. But he sees the monarch as a sentinel species that offers warnings about the environmental health of the continent and biodiversity at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are very good at tinkering, Agrawal told Inside Climate News. “When we have tinkered in known ways, there have been unintended consequences. As we are tinkering in unintentional ways,” he said, citing climate change as an example, “there are similarly unknown consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While monarchs are experiencing higher levels of disease, changing migratory patterns and habitat loss, Agrawal said, they’re also flexible, and he believes the species will persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he said, “We should do less tinkering and more habitat preservation.” And that means protecting and restoring the wildlands and native species that have supported monarchs over millennia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About a week ago, several monarch caterpillars were busily munching on the native narrowleaf milkweed I’d planted in my backyard in the San Francisco Bay Area to provide habitat for the imperiled pollinators. Then, a record-breaking fall heat wave triggered warnings about extremely dangerous temperatures across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopefully, most of the caterpillars crawled off to find a safe place away from predators to form the pupa, or chrysalis, that envelops them as their wings and adult organs take shape. But at least one fellow wasn’t so lucky. One day, he was active and feeding; the next, he looked lethargic, stopped eating and began to shrivel as his bright yellow stripes disappeared under a sickly dark film. Most likely, he succumbed to a fatal viral or parasitic infection known as black death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecologists have long worried about the effects of a rapidly changing climate on specialists like monarchs, whose reproductive success depends on closely linked interactions with a single family of plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarch caterpillars feed almost exclusively on milkweed plants within the genus Asclepias, which contain toxic chemicals called cardenolides. The caterpillars absorb the toxins, which deter predators that might otherwise eat them, but typically don’t harm the larvae—that is unless high temperatures cause plants to produce much higher levels of the chemical, as \u003ca href=\"https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecy.2198\">researchers reported\u003c/a> in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs (and other butterflies) are highly sensitive to temperature, the environmental cue that tells them when to reproduce, migrate and hibernate during the winter. Climate change, particularly warmer falls over several decades, has led to widespread declines of 250 butterfly species, including monarchs, across largely undeveloped landscapes in the West, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abe5585\">2021 study\u003c/a> published in the journal Science found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists are scrambling to understand how these temperature changes will likely affect monarchs throughout their life cycle, as they develop from egg to butterfly, interact with their sole host plant and navigate the world as adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evidence is emerging, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10791526/\">research published\u003c/a> earlier this year, that prolonged exposure to high heat can prove fatal for monarchs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exposure to constant heat of 93 degrees Fahrenheit caused about 50 percent mortality,” said study coauthor Sonia Altizer, an infectious disease ecologist at the Odum School of Ecology at the University of Georgia. Monarch size and survival “declined sharply” at 93 degrees, the researchers found, along with the probability of infection from the monarch’s parasitic nemesis, a single-celled protozoan known as OE, for Ophryocystis elektroscirrha.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as the monarch evolved as a milkweed specialist, OE infects only monarchs and a few other butterfly species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deaths happened around the time the caterpillars were pupating or trying to emerge as a butterfly, Altizer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, she added, “We found that the protozoan parasite does not like the heat either.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s conceivable that as rising temperatures in a warming world harm both monarchs and their parasites, lower infection rates could potentially offset the negative impacts of extreme heat on monarchs. But with so many other variables at play—differences in monarch immunity, parasite strains’ heat tolerance, milkweed quality and chemistry, to name a few—more research is needed to tease apart all the possible scenarios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a three-year field experiment that recreated elements of the natural landscape in California’s Central Valley, researchers found that both monarch eggs and caterpillars experienced strong negative effects from heat stress late in the season. “We speculate that the increasing incidence and intensity of heat waves may have reduced the developmental success of monarchs,” the authors concluded in the study, \u003ca href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ece3.9039\">published\u003c/a> in 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monarchs can tolerate short periods of heat as caterpillars, as long as they find respite each day, \u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/25481789\">research shows\u003c/a>. Altizer thought heat stress may have played a role in the rapid decline of the caterpillar that succumbed to disease in my garden.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Conservation Conundrum\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Biologists gauge the health of monarch butterfly populations by tallying their numbers over the winter when they take a break from breeding and cluster in groves of trees. North America has two populations of migratory monarchs: the western monarchs, which breed west of the Rocky Mountains, and the much larger eastern population, which overwinters in Mexico. They’re genetically similar and have both suffered major declines over the past several decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists have identified \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/56/2/343/2240655?login=false#36133590\">loss of milkweed habitat\u003c/a> and use of weed-killing pesticides across the eastern monarchs’ core breeding ground in the Midwest as a major driver of the population’s decline. \u003ca href=\"https://xerces.org/blog/western-monarch-population-closer-to-extinction-as-wait-continues-for-monarchs-protection\">Loss of overwintering habitat\u003c/a> appears to be a primary cause of the western monarchs’ decline, though in both cases, experts warn, it’s likely that many factors are playing a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1994699\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/MonarchButterflyCount2023-750px.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/MonarchButterflyCount2023-750px.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/MonarchButterflyCount2023-750px-160x142.png 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land-use change, including agricultural practices, chemical inputs, habitat fragmentation, pollution, development, disturbance, and so forth, is what has been incrementally creeping up over the last century,” wrote Anurag Agrawal, Cornell University evolutionary ecologist and author of “Monarchs and Milkweed,” in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1903409116\">2019 commentary\u003c/a> in the journal PNAS. “Which of the many aspects of this long-term environmental crumbling is responsible for monarch declines is unclear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western monarchs overwinter in groves of non-native eucalyptus and native Monterey pine and cypress trees, primarily at sites along the Pacific coast. Last year, the nonprofit Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, which supervises the \u003ca href=\"https://westernmonarchcount.org/\">Western Monarch Count\u003c/a>, reported 233,394 butterflies at 257 overwintering sites along the coast of California, northern Baja California and Mexico, as well as a few inland sites. California’s Central Coast hosts the largest overwintering sites, where butterfly lovers can see as many as 10,000 in Santa Cruz and more than 15,000 in Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The count offered a bit of good news after a dire few years. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0006320717304809\">2017 study\u003c/a> reported a “sharp decline” in the western population, from an estimated 4.5 million in the 1980s to about 300,000 in 2016. More losses followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the winter of 2018-2019, overwintering western monarch populations had plummeted to about 30,000, \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/ecology-and-evolution/articles/10.3389/fevo.2019.00258/full\">researchers reported\u003c/a> in 2019. The decline followed a prolonged multi-year drought, at the time the \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/4429#:~:text=Severe%20Drought%20Lasted%20From%202012,third%20driest%20year%20on%20record.\">driest consecutive four years\u003c/a> on record, a late rainy season marked by heavy storms and a summer filled with wildfire smoke. Unusually heavy rains during the spring of 2018 may have played a role in the population decline, the researchers noted, and it’s possible the storms compounded problems with habitat quality at overwintering sites or inland breeding locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if those declines weren’t bad enough, “the bottom fell out” in 2020, with only 2,000 butterflies overwintering, said Emma Pelton, senior conservation biologist with the Xerces Society who contributed to the 2017 and 2019 studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwintering population of western monarchs currently hovers around 5 percent of historic figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change has made the butterfly’s range warmer, drier and more prone to heatwaves, wildfires and winter storms. And groves at the Central Coast wintering sites have still not recovered from the historic drought during the last decade, said Pelton. The eucalyptus trees that monarchs rely on were “really hammered” by drought and created a fire risk, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such indirect effects of drought and heat stress on critical overwintering habitat are an unappreciated impact of climate change, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That same winter, when just a few thousand butterflies showed up to hibernate, scientists reported “substantial numbers” of monarchs breeding primarily on non-native ornamental milkweed at two urban sites about an hour south of San Francisco. Non-native tropical milkweed species, unlike western natives, stay green year-round and can act as a cue to fall migrants—which emerge in a nonreproductive state called diapause—that it’s breeding time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, year-round milkweed accumulates higher concentrations of that parasitic nemesis OE. Monarchs that stay on these patches to breed during winter have higher parasite loads and become a vehicle for disease transmission. OE infected as many as 77 percent of newly emerged butterflies throughout the study, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/10/946\">published in 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western monarchs were found breeding in winter before the 2021 study. Scientists in Altizer’s lab sampled more than 1,200 monarchs at 42 year-round breeding sites in Southern California between 2013 and 2016. Most of the year-round breeders were on non-native tropical milkweed (A. curassavica), a popular garden plant, though a few sites had native species that supported breeding until they died back in late winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The prevalence of OE infection was nine times higher among monarchs sampled in gardens with year-round breeding compared to monarchs that had migrated to overwintering sites during that time, they reported in the study, \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/icb/article/56/2/343/2240655?login=false\">published in 2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Can Adaptation Save Monarchs?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>David James, who documented the winter breeders, supports efforts to grow native milkweed where possible and grows it in his own garden in western Washington. However, he believes that winter breeding on non-native milkweed may reflect the species’ ability to adapt to rapidly changing conditions and could be important for the continued sustainability of western monarch populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any milkweed is good milkweed as far as the monarch is concerned,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not a position that is widely shared among monarch ecologists and conservation biologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s been some debate about whether monarchs, which are found in more than 90 countries and islands around the world, evolved as a tropical species. However, a genetic analysis of the monarch’s evolutionary history and dispersal, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature13812\">published in 2014\u003c/a>, found that it originated as a migratory species in North America, which suggests millennia of munching milkweed species native to that environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means non-native milkweeds could lead to a host of unforeseen effects on monarchs, experts say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a healthy debate going on in the research world around the role of tropical milkweed,” said Pelton. The evidence is strong that it adds to disease, she said, so the question is whether the increase in butterflies counterbalances the increase in disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994692\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1994692\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-alive-1536x1536-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A western monarch is seen healthy and eating native narrowleaf milkweed the day a heatwave hits the San Francisco Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Liza Gross/Inside Climate News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994693\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1994693\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/monarch-diseased-1536x1536-1.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A few days after the heatwave hit, the western monarch shows signs of an infection that will soon kill the caterpillar. \u003ccite>(Liza Gross/Inside Climate News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pelton, along with her Xerces colleagues, takes a precautionary approach. “We have a struggling population, and this is a non-native plant with some proven evidence that it increases OE,” she said, adding that it may also interfere with migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OE is an infection that monarchs evolved with, Pelton said, which is probably why they migrate. Infected individuals may not be strong enough to travel and could die on the way, reducing the number of disease carriers, while migration reduces population density and, thus, transmission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Throwing more disease in the mix with these declining populations just seems like a bad idea,” Pelton said. “All things being equal, let’s use the native plant the monarch co-evolved with, that’s providing resources to other animals and not adding this X factor, especially in a changing climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelton is sympathetic to gardeners who enjoy seeing caterpillars on their tropical milkweed and believes it’s important not to demonize people for wanting to grow it. But there’s some dissonance between the personal perspective—the thrill of seeing butterflies in your yard—and the bigger perspective of what’s actually aiding western monarchs over the long term, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they need is enough habitat that’s not poisoned by pesticides or impacted by extreme heat,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Saving an iconic butterfly is important and would help us sustain beauty, wonder, and majesty in nature,” Cornell’s Agrawal said in his PNAS commentary. But he sees the monarch as a sentinel species that offers warnings about the environmental health of the continent and biodiversity at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans are very good at tinkering, Agrawal told Inside Climate News. “When we have tinkered in known ways, there have been unintended consequences. As we are tinkering in unintentional ways,” he said, citing climate change as an example, “there are similarly unknown consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While monarchs are experiencing higher levels of disease, changing migratory patterns and habitat loss, Agrawal said, they’re also flexible, and he believes the species will persist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, he said, “We should do less tinkering and more habitat preservation.” And that means protecting and restoring the wildlands and native species that have supported monarchs over millennia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a> is a nonprofit, independent news organization that covers climate, energy and the environment. Sign up for the ICN newsletter \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/newsletter\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The early October \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994657/bay-area-braces-for-last-day-of-record-breaking-aug-tober-heat-wave\">heat wave is now over\u003c/a>. The National Weather Service reports that the high temperatures broke major records in two \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José had its hottest seven-day heat wave ever recorded, and San Francisco had its second warmest string of above-average heat, said Nicole Sarment, a meteorologist at the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the hottest overall,” she said of San José. “It’s definitely significant and especially significant for the time of year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José, a city of nearly a million people, notched an average temperature of 83.4 degrees from Sep. 30 to Oct. 7. Further north in San Francisco, the city recorded an average temperature of 76.9 degrees, falling short of the record-breaking week of heat back in 1939 when the average temperature was 79.3 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarment said that cities like San José and San Francisco “generally run warmer than areas without dark pavement and tall buildings” during heat waves. However, scientists believe these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994643/yes-these-california-heat-waves-are-connected-to-climate-change-heres-how\">future heat waves will likely top these records\u003c/a> because of the effects of climate change brought on by humans burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994690\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Hall in San José, California, on Aug. 1, 2023. San José residents lived through the city’s hottest weeklong heat wave since historical records began, reports the National Weather Service. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This summer was the hottest on record for San José, California and the world. The excessively hot summer and the beginning of fall point to climate change in action, said Eugene Cordero, a meteorology and climate science professor at San José State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This unusually warm period of time here in October is a harbinger of things to come,” Cordero said. “This is what the climate models have been predicting, and this is what we’re seeing all around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s hard to immediately tell for certain how much climate change is amping up any individual heat wave, Cordero said the frequency of heat waves is increasing. Some parts of the state, including the Bay Area, are experiencing four to five times the number of heat waves they did back in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994691\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People enjoy the warm weather at San Francisco’s Baker Beach on June 4, 2024, as a heat wave warning sweeps across California. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a very clear pattern that a warmer world comes with longer heat waves, more intense heat waves, and even warmer winters,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many scientists, including myself, feel increasingly frustrated at the lack of public action,” Cordero added. “We’ve fundamentally changed the energy exchange in our atmosphere because of extra carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses. The planet is warmer, and these outbreaks of high temperatures are going to become more and more frequent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1994538 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SanJoseHeatGetty-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen McKinnon studies heat waves at the UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability. This week, she published \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2406143121\">a study looking at extreme summer heat waves\u003c/a>. She\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\"> \u003c/b>found that record heat waves showcase how extreme climate change has already become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly expect to see these record-breaking events because everything is warming with climate change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While her study doesn’t delve into the Bay Area or Coastal California, where major heat waves often happen in early autumn, she expects “similar findings” if she studied the region. “We need to be quite humble as climate scientists because our system is changing before our eyes,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinnon said one string of hot days in isolation doesn’t alone tell the story of how climate change is intensifying heat waves and continued study over time is needed to truly understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the heat wave is still in the minds of residents of San José and San Francisco, city leaders have a short window of opportunity to link it to climate change for residents, said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/209361\">Gabrielle Wong-Parodi\u003c/a>, an assistant professor in Stanford’s Department of Earth System Science who studies how people respond to global environmental change, such as heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These types of events are focusing events that draw attention not just of policymakers, but also of individual citizens,” she said. “This draws their attention away from other things where our attention is constantly and helps focus people on the climate change happening here in their own backyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The early October heat wave is over. The National Weather Service confirms San José endured its hottest week on record, while San Francisco experienced its second-warmest stretch of scorching days.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The early October \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994657/bay-area-braces-for-last-day-of-record-breaking-aug-tober-heat-wave\">heat wave is now over\u003c/a>. The National Weather Service reports that the high temperatures broke major records in two \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José had its hottest seven-day heat wave ever recorded, and San Francisco had its second warmest string of above-average heat, said Nicole Sarment, a meteorologist at the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was the hottest overall,” she said of San José. “It’s definitely significant and especially significant for the time of year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San José, a city of nearly a million people, notched an average temperature of 83.4 degrees from Sep. 30 to Oct. 7. Further north in San Francisco, the city recorded an average temperature of 76.9 degrees, falling short of the record-breaking week of heat back in 1939 when the average temperature was 79.3 degrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sarment said that cities like San José and San Francisco “generally run warmer than areas without dark pavement and tall buildings” during heat waves. However, scientists believe these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994643/yes-these-california-heat-waves-are-connected-to-climate-change-heres-how\">future heat waves will likely top these records\u003c/a> because of the effects of climate change brought on by humans burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994690\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994690\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20230801-SJCityHall-11-JY_qed-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Hall in San José, California, on Aug. 1, 2023. San José residents lived through the city’s hottest weeklong heat wave since historical records began, reports the National Weather Service. \u003ccite>(Juliana Yamada/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This summer was the hottest on record for San José, California and the world. The excessively hot summer and the beginning of fall point to climate change in action, said Eugene Cordero, a meteorology and climate science professor at San José State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This unusually warm period of time here in October is a harbinger of things to come,” Cordero said. “This is what the climate models have been predicting, and this is what we’re seeing all around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it’s hard to immediately tell for certain how much climate change is amping up any individual heat wave, Cordero said the frequency of heat waves is increasing. Some parts of the state, including the Bay Area, are experiencing four to five times the number of heat waves they did back in the 1960s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994691\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/SFHeatWaveGetty3-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People enjoy the warm weather at San Francisco’s Baker Beach on June 4, 2024, as a heat wave warning sweeps across California. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a very clear pattern that a warmer world comes with longer heat waves, more intense heat waves, and even warmer winters,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many scientists, including myself, feel increasingly frustrated at the lack of public action,” Cordero added. “We’ve fundamentally changed the energy exchange in our atmosphere because of extra carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gasses. The planet is warmer, and these outbreaks of high temperatures are going to become more and more frequent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karen McKinnon studies heat waves at the UCLA Institute of the Environment and Sustainability. This week, she published \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2406143121\">a study looking at extreme summer heat waves\u003c/a>. She\u003cb data-stringify-type=\"bold\"> \u003c/b>found that record heat waves showcase how extreme climate change has already become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We certainly expect to see these record-breaking events because everything is warming with climate change,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While her study doesn’t delve into the Bay Area or Coastal California, where major heat waves often happen in early autumn, she expects “similar findings” if she studied the region. “We need to be quite humble as climate scientists because our system is changing before our eyes,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McKinnon said one string of hot days in isolation doesn’t alone tell the story of how climate change is intensifying heat waves and continued study over time is needed to truly understand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the heat wave is still in the minds of residents of San José and San Francisco, city leaders have a short window of opportunity to link it to climate change for residents, said \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/209361\">Gabrielle Wong-Parodi\u003c/a>, an assistant professor in Stanford’s Department of Earth System Science who studies how people respond to global environmental change, such as heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These types of events are focusing events that draw attention not just of policymakers, but also of individual citizens,” she said. “This draws their attention away from other things where our attention is constantly and helps focus people on the climate change happening here in their own backyard.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s day eight of the “Aug-tober” heat wave that’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994591/bay-area-heat-wave-will-be-hotter-and-longer-echoing-the-1980-scorcher\">baked the entire Bay Area\u003c/a> with record-breaking temperatures from Ocean Beach to inland valleys, and the end is finally near.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longevity and the actual magnitude of the heat wave is pretty uncommon,” said Roger Gass, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service’s Bay area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday was particularly hot, and the weather service reports that the heat \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994538/3-bay-area-cities-had-hottest-summer-in-history-as-climate-change-pushes-temps-up\">shattered daily high-temperature records\u003c/a> across the region, including records that had stood since 1930 in Santa Rosa, Napa and Kentfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gass said some relief is on the way as temperatures gradually decrease this week, with the possibility of light rain by the weekend in the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were forecasting it to be warm, but the widespread-ness of the heat is what caught us off guard,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1843096767061184579\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average number of heat waves in the U.S. has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994643/yes-these-california-heat-waves-are-connected-to-climate-change-heres-how\">doubled since the 1980s\u003c/a>, partly because of human-caused climate change caused by burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gass expects another day of record-breaking heat with temperatures nearing the triple digits for much of the inland Bay Area on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll definitely break a few,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures will “slightly cool” along the coast, Gass said, allowing the agency to drop its excessive heat warning. However, a heat advisory is in effect for much of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1843253752792523007\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters expect the heat wave to break on Tuesday as temperatures decrease by nearly 15 degrees in coastal areas. Gass said cities like San Francisco will get a necessary reprieve from days of nearly triple-digit heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11878134 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-2175344883-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The heat wave will meet an abrupt end tomorrow as we expect temperatures in the city to cool to around 71 or 72 and the bay shoreline to be in the upper 70s to low 80s,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After over a week of blazing hot days, fire danger is still quite high across the region. But Gass said a lack of wind has helped decrease the potential spread of fires that start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Grasses and soil are very dry, so try not to do anything that would start a fire,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As temperatures cool into the 70s for much of the Bay Area as the week lingers, a cold front could bring a chance of rain in the North Bay. But Gass is hesitant to say the upcoming cooldown is the end of October’s heat because temperatures look to be “above average” for the next two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just too early to tell,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s day eight of the “Aug-tober” heat wave that’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994591/bay-area-heat-wave-will-be-hotter-and-longer-echoing-the-1980-scorcher\">baked the entire Bay Area\u003c/a> with record-breaking temperatures from Ocean Beach to inland valleys, and the end is finally near.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longevity and the actual magnitude of the heat wave is pretty uncommon,” said Roger Gass, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service’s Bay area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday was particularly hot, and the weather service reports that the heat \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994538/3-bay-area-cities-had-hottest-summer-in-history-as-climate-change-pushes-temps-up\">shattered daily high-temperature records\u003c/a> across the region, including records that had stood since 1930 in Santa Rosa, Napa and Kentfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gass said some relief is on the way as temperatures gradually decrease this week, with the possibility of light rain by the weekend in the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were forecasting it to be warm, but the widespread-ness of the heat is what caught us off guard,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The average number of heat waves in the U.S. has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994643/yes-these-california-heat-waves-are-connected-to-climate-change-heres-how\">doubled since the 1980s\u003c/a>, partly because of human-caused climate change caused by burning fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gass expects another day of record-breaking heat with temperatures nearing the triple digits for much of the inland Bay Area on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll definitely break a few,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Temperatures will “slightly cool” along the coast, Gass said, allowing the agency to drop its excessive heat warning. However, a heat advisory is in effect for much of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Forecasters expect the heat wave to break on Tuesday as temperatures decrease by nearly 15 degrees in coastal areas. Gass said cities like San Francisco will get a necessary reprieve from days of nearly triple-digit heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The heat wave will meet an abrupt end tomorrow as we expect temperatures in the city to cool to around 71 or 72 and the bay shoreline to be in the upper 70s to low 80s,” Gass said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After over a week of blazing hot days, fire danger is still quite high across the region. But Gass said a lack of wind has helped decrease the potential spread of fires that start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Grasses and soil are very dry, so try not to do anything that would start a fire,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As temperatures cool into the 70s for much of the Bay Area as the week lingers, a cold front could bring a chance of rain in the North Bay. But Gass is hesitant to say the upcoming cooldown is the end of October’s heat because temperatures look to be “above average” for the next two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just too early to tell,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco\">San Francisco\u003c/a>’s Ocean Beach, you normally need layers to fight back the wind and the chill. Not just a hoodie but a jacket, a hat — the whole nine yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this early October week, crowds flocked to the beach \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994632/bay-area-heat-wave-is-sticking-around-with-scorching-temperatures-into-the-weekend\">like it was Florida\u003c/a>, setting up umbrellas, lying out in bikinis and going for a swim in water that was, thankfully, still frigid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco resident Vincent Arenas was at the beach for the second day in a row with his 3-year-old son and wife to escape their sunny, warm apartment. “We really gotta get out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camryn Gill came to the beach with her boyfriend. “We live in Bayview, and it’s super hot over there; it’s like 15 degrees hotter than it is right here at the beach,” Gill said. “Each year, it is getting hotter and hotter in the summers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early October heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994591/bay-area-heat-wave-will-be-hotter-and-longer-echoing-the-1980-scorcher\">broke daily records\u003c/a> in many parts of the Bay Area with unseasonably high temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks have been joking that it’s currently ‘Aug-tober,’” said climate scientist Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Literally, in many parts of the West, temperatures are, in fact, closer to August values than October values. And yet, here we are, the same month as Halloween, and we’re still talking about midsummer-like peak heat,” Swain said during his public \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/live/Jc5BkmkeUMY?feature=shared\">office hours \u003c/a>on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994634\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1013\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-800x405.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-1020x517.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-160x81.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-768x389.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-1536x778.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-1920x972.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People gather at Robert W. Crown Memorial State Beach in Alameda, California, with the San Francisco skyline in the background on May 26, 2020. This week’s Bay Area heat wave, fueled by a persistent high-pressure ridge, is now expected to last through the weekend. Officials urge residents to stay hydrated and seek shade as temperatures remain elevated longer than forecast. \u003ccite>(Ben Margot/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although a fall heat wave is not unusual, the temperature highs, duration and far reach of this one are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a trend tracks with what climate scientists have long expressed: Human-caused global warming has increased the frequency, length, intensity and reach of prolonged heat events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about the connection between heat waves and climate change in California and how extreme heat affects your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much is California heating up?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On average, California has warmed by around \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/epic-2022/changes-climate/air-temperatures#:~:text=Annual%20mean%20temperatures%20have%20increased,over%20the%20past%2050%20years.&text=Statewide%20annual%20mean%20temperatures%20have,(%C2%B0F)%20since%201895.\">2.5\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/statewide/time-series/4/tavg/24/7/1900-2024?base_prd=true&begbaseyear=1901&endbaseyear=2000&trend=true&trend_base=10&begtrendyear=1895&endtrendyear=2024\">3 degrees\u003c/a> Fahrenheit since the early 1900s. The rate of warming has accelerated over the past several decades relative to the mid-20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, California’s inland regions are warming faster than statewide averages, and coastal areas are warming more slowly. Cold ocean water helps cool the coast, while inland mountains trap warm air.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How is the frequency of heat waves changing?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The average number of heat waves the U.S. experiences today has \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/2/\">doubled since the 1980s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994109\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sun shines over towers carrying electrical lines in South San Francisco. With a Bay Area heat wave starting this week, California’s grid operator has ordered providers to delay maintenance to handle the surge in electricity demand. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although it’s very hard for scientists to pin down exact numbers, heat events are projected to occur \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Climate-Resilience/2022-Final-Extreme-Heat-Action-Plan.pdf\">four to 10 times more\u003c/a> often in the Northern Sierra region by 2050, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, concurrent heat waves are happening more often. In the Northern Hemisphere, we’ve seen a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/35/3/JCLI-D-21-0200.1.xml\">roughly sixfold increase\u003c/a> in the frequency of concurrent heat waves from 1979 to 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much longer are heat waves lasting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By 2050, heat waves that negatively affect public health are projected to last \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Climate-Resilience/2022-Final-Extreme-Heat-Action-Plan.pdf\">two weeks longer\u003c/a> in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalchange.gov/indicators/heat-waves\">length of the season\u003c/a> (the number of days between the first heat wave of the year and the last) has increased as well. In the U.S., it’s up from \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/2/\">about 40 days to roughly 70\u003c/a> — leaving people exposed to dangerous heat for longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How dangerous is extreme heat?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/hazstat/\">deadliest form of extreme weather\u003c/a> in the United States, causing more deaths than any other weather-related hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11878134 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/GettyImages-2175344883-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/28/\">threatens our health\u003c/a>. Higher temperatures are linked to negative pregnancy and birth outcomes, worse mental health and increased ER and hospital visits for ailments beyond heat stroke (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory illnesses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/sweltering-summer-nights-2023\">Overnight temperatures\u003c/a> are rising more quickly than daytime temperatures. That is dangerous because it limits our bodies’ abilities to cool off and recover before another day of heat arrives, leaving a person more prone to heat illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults over 65, children, people with disabilities, people with substance abuse disorders, pregnant people and those who lack access to cooling or work outside are the most vulnerable to extreme heat. Minority groups, historically redlined and urban communities are disproportionately exposed to heat. Low-income and unhoused people are also exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do I stay safe?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During a heat wave, stay hydrated, avoid strenuous activity and direct exposure to the sun, and check on your neighbors. Cool off with baths, showers or wet towels, and watch for signs of heat illness like cramps, headaches, nausea, tiredness or dizziness. Never leave kids or pets in a car, which can heat up quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">We have much more information here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco\">San Francisco\u003c/a>’s Ocean Beach, you normally need layers to fight back the wind and the chill. Not just a hoodie but a jacket, a hat — the whole nine yards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this early October week, crowds flocked to the beach \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994632/bay-area-heat-wave-is-sticking-around-with-scorching-temperatures-into-the-weekend\">like it was Florida\u003c/a>, setting up umbrellas, lying out in bikinis and going for a swim in water that was, thankfully, still frigid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco resident Vincent Arenas was at the beach for the second day in a row with his 3-year-old son and wife to escape their sunny, warm apartment. “We really gotta get out,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camryn Gill came to the beach with her boyfriend. “We live in Bayview, and it’s super hot over there; it’s like 15 degrees hotter than it is right here at the beach,” Gill said. “Each year, it is getting hotter and hotter in the summers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The early October heat wave \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994591/bay-area-heat-wave-will-be-hotter-and-longer-echoing-the-1980-scorcher\">broke daily records\u003c/a> in many parts of the Bay Area with unseasonably high temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks have been joking that it’s currently ‘Aug-tober,’” said climate scientist Daniel Swain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Literally, in many parts of the West, temperatures are, in fact, closer to August values than October values. And yet, here we are, the same month as Halloween, and we’re still talking about midsummer-like peak heat,” Swain said during his public \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/live/Jc5BkmkeUMY?feature=shared\">office hours \u003c/a>on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994634\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1013\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-800x405.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-1020x517.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-160x81.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-768x389.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-1536x778.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/BayAreaHeatAP-1920x972.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People gather at Robert W. Crown Memorial State Beach in Alameda, California, with the San Francisco skyline in the background on May 26, 2020. This week’s Bay Area heat wave, fueled by a persistent high-pressure ridge, is now expected to last through the weekend. Officials urge residents to stay hydrated and seek shade as temperatures remain elevated longer than forecast. \u003ccite>(Ben Margot/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although a fall heat wave is not unusual, the temperature highs, duration and far reach of this one are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such a trend tracks with what climate scientists have long expressed: Human-caused global warming has increased the frequency, length, intensity and reach of prolonged heat events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what you need to know about the connection between heat waves and climate change in California and how extreme heat affects your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much is California heating up?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On average, California has warmed by around \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/epic-2022/changes-climate/air-temperatures#:~:text=Annual%20mean%20temperatures%20have%20increased,over%20the%20past%2050%20years.&text=Statewide%20annual%20mean%20temperatures%20have,(%C2%B0F)%20since%201895.\">2.5\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/monitoring/climate-at-a-glance/statewide/time-series/4/tavg/24/7/1900-2024?base_prd=true&begbaseyear=1901&endbaseyear=2000&trend=true&trend_base=10&begtrendyear=1895&endtrendyear=2024\">3 degrees\u003c/a> Fahrenheit since the early 1900s. The rate of warming has accelerated over the past several decades relative to the mid-20th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, California’s inland regions are warming faster than statewide averages, and coastal areas are warming more slowly. Cold ocean water helps cool the coast, while inland mountains trap warm air.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How is the frequency of heat waves changing?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The average number of heat waves the U.S. experiences today has \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/2/\">doubled since the 1980s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994109\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/SFEnergyGridGetty1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The sun shines over towers carrying electrical lines in South San Francisco. With a Bay Area heat wave starting this week, California’s grid operator has ordered providers to delay maintenance to handle the surge in electricity demand. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although it’s very hard for scientists to pin down exact numbers, heat events are projected to occur \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Climate-Resilience/2022-Final-Extreme-Heat-Action-Plan.pdf\">four to 10 times more\u003c/a> often in the Northern Sierra region by 2050, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, concurrent heat waves are happening more often. In the Northern Hemisphere, we’ve seen a \u003ca href=\"https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/35/3/JCLI-D-21-0200.1.xml\">roughly sixfold increase\u003c/a> in the frequency of concurrent heat waves from 1979 to 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much longer are heat waves lasting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>By 2050, heat waves that negatively affect public health are projected to last \u003ca href=\"https://resources.ca.gov/-/media/CNRA-Website/Files/Initiatives/Climate-Resilience/2022-Final-Extreme-Heat-Action-Plan.pdf\">two weeks longer\u003c/a> in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.globalchange.gov/indicators/heat-waves\">length of the season\u003c/a> (the number of days between the first heat wave of the year and the last) has increased as well. In the U.S., it’s up from \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/2/\">about 40 days to roughly 70\u003c/a> — leaving people exposed to dangerous heat for longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How dangerous is extreme heat?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.weather.gov/hazstat/\">deadliest form of extreme weather\u003c/a> in the United States, causing more deaths than any other weather-related hazard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme heat \u003ca href=\"https://nca2023.globalchange.gov/chapter/28/\">threatens our health\u003c/a>. Higher temperatures are linked to negative pregnancy and birth outcomes, worse mental health and increased ER and hospital visits for ailments beyond heat stroke (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory illnesses).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-matters/sweltering-summer-nights-2023\">Overnight temperatures\u003c/a> are rising more quickly than daytime temperatures. That is dangerous because it limits our bodies’ abilities to cool off and recover before another day of heat arrives, leaving a person more prone to heat illnesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adults over 65, children, people with disabilities, people with substance abuse disorders, pregnant people and those who lack access to cooling or work outside are the most vulnerable to extreme heat. Minority groups, historically redlined and urban communities are disproportionately exposed to heat. Low-income and unhoused people are also exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do I stay safe?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During a heat wave, stay hydrated, avoid strenuous activity and direct exposure to the sun, and check on your neighbors. Cool off with baths, showers or wet towels, and watch for signs of heat illness like cramps, headaches, nausea, tiredness or dizziness. Never leave kids or pets in a car, which can heat up quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">We have much more information here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994591/bay-area-heat-wave-will-be-hotter-and-longer-echoing-the-1980-scorcher\">Bay Area’s Aug-tober heat wave\u003c/a> was supposed to have backed off by now, according to forecasts early in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that relief has just barely materialized, which was obvious to anyone who stepped outside or stuck their hand out of an air-conditioned car window and felt that still, hot air on Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s very warm, and it will be into the upcoming weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big picture still remains the same: high pressure overhead, clear skies, little to no marine layer, warm airmass all contributing to another impactful day with dangerous heat,” the National Weather Service’s Bay Area office wrote in its morning forecast discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters noted that, yes, “it did technically” cool down from the peak of this heat wave on Tuesday and Wednesday, but temperatures were still very warm overnight across the region and “provided another night with little to no relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1841683019536732291\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An excessive heat warning, which notes \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">potentially life-threatening conditions\u003c/a> or major impacts to travel, is extended through 11 p.m. Friday for the inland Bay Area and Central Coast, with highs that could approach 110 degrees. Meanwhile, a heat advisory covers the coastline and city of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this heat is being caused by a high-pressure system, which ocean air will begin to nudge out — but not until the end of the week. Crystal Oudit, meteorologist with the weather service in the Bay Area, told KQED that people will begin to feel relief by Sunday and Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11878134 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/RS66615_GettyImages-1280969852-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Temperatures decrease by a couple of degrees each day into the weekend, and things start to look better on Monday depending on where you are,” she said. “Especially for coastal areas, you’ll start seeing that cooldown again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long heat wave has also dialed up the fire risk by baking forests and brush across the region, which will linger into next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, winds have remained relatively light in most places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Interagency Fire Center \u003ca href=\"https://gacc.nifc.gov/oncc/predictive/weather/7Day.pdf\">noted in its latest outlook\u003c/a> that, because of the warm nights, vegetation across “all areas east of the coast” has not had a chance to really recover from the hot afternoon temperatures, especially in the foothills and at higher elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service has a red flag warning remaining in effect for the interior of Monterey and San Benito counties until 8 p.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elsewhere, near critical fire weather conditions remain,” the forecast said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994591/bay-area-heat-wave-will-be-hotter-and-longer-echoing-the-1980-scorcher\">Bay Area’s Aug-tober heat wave\u003c/a> was supposed to have backed off by now, according to forecasts early in the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that relief has just barely materialized, which was obvious to anyone who stepped outside or stuck their hand out of an air-conditioned car window and felt that still, hot air on Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s very warm, and it will be into the upcoming weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The big picture still remains the same: high pressure overhead, clear skies, little to no marine layer, warm airmass all contributing to another impactful day with dangerous heat,” the National Weather Service’s Bay Area office wrote in its morning forecast discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters noted that, yes, “it did technically” cool down from the peak of this heat wave on Tuesday and Wednesday, but temperatures were still very warm overnight across the region and “provided another night with little to no relief.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>An excessive heat warning, which notes \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">potentially life-threatening conditions\u003c/a> or major impacts to travel, is extended through 11 p.m. Friday for the inland Bay Area and Central Coast, with highs that could approach 110 degrees. Meanwhile, a heat advisory covers the coastline and city of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this heat is being caused by a high-pressure system, which ocean air will begin to nudge out — but not until the end of the week. Crystal Oudit, meteorologist with the weather service in the Bay Area, told KQED that people will begin to feel relief by Sunday and Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Temperatures decrease by a couple of degrees each day into the weekend, and things start to look better on Monday depending on where you are,” she said. “Especially for coastal areas, you’ll start seeing that cooldown again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The long heat wave has also dialed up the fire risk by baking forests and brush across the region, which will linger into next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thankfully, winds have remained relatively light in most places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Interagency Fire Center \u003ca href=\"https://gacc.nifc.gov/oncc/predictive/weather/7Day.pdf\">noted in its latest outlook\u003c/a> that, because of the warm nights, vegetation across “all areas east of the coast” has not had a chance to really recover from the hot afternoon temperatures, especially in the foothills and at higher elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service has a red flag warning remaining in effect for the interior of Monterey and San Benito counties until 8 p.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elsewhere, near critical fire weather conditions remain,” the forecast said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "pajaro-river-levee-project-breaks-ground-as-winter-flood-concerns-loom",
"title": "Pajaro River Levee Project Breaks Ground As Winter Flood Concerns Loom",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over a year and a half after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/pajaro-river\">Pajaro River\u003c/a> levee burst, inundating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984643/reluctant-retreat-one-familys-fight-against-climate-induced-flooding\">nearly 300 homes\u003c/a> in Monterey County with chocolate milk-colored water, flood agencies broke ground on Wednesday on a massive levee project to protect the river valley from future storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re turning the page from decades of fighting for a project [to] now just a handful of years of constructing a project for a new safe and secure Pajaro Valley,” Santa Cruz County Supervisor Zach Friend said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearly 14-mile levee project, managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in partnership with the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency, is expected to be finished early next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will improve flood risk in Watsonville, Pajaro and surrounding agricultural areas. The agencies will construct and enhance levees along the lower Pajaro River and its tributaries. However, the agencies won’t begin on the groundwork in the area for several winters, and residents fear another flood could interrupt their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pajaro is a community of around 3,000 people who work primarily in the Central Coast’s agricultural sector. The levee wasn’t adequately designed for the small storms that dump rain on the region, and storms have been made worse by human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 928px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994625\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"928\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap.jpg 928w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap-768x498.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Pajaro River Flood Risk Management Project. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Tammy L. Reed via U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This should’ve happened long ago,” Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas (D-Salinas) said at a Wednesday press conference to launch the project. “The Pajaro Valley is a community that never gives up. You all here know how to work hard, but more importantly, know you know how to work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got the job done together, and that’s a testament to this community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years before the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943316/pajaro-river-levee-breached-where-to-find-evacuation-shelters\">2023 flood\u003c/a>, the Corps had officially rated the levee along the Pajaro River a “moderate” risk of flooding. The truth is that for decades, officials knew it needed repair. The Corps determined that the town wasn’t worth protecting because property values were too low, according to levee records and interviews with several officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994620\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denia Escutia and her mother, Carla, pose for a portrait inside the family’s home in Pajaro, California, on April 28, 2023. In the weeks since a levee breach flooded their neighborhood back in March, the Escutia’s have moved out of the house and into a trailer in the driveway. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Almost 300 homes were damaged or destroyed, including Denia Escutia’s family home. Escutia, 19, delayed attending college because her family couldn’t find a home outside of Pajaro, so they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994168/the-pajaro-flood-forced-them-to-flee-californias-high-rents-forced-them-to-return\">moved across the street from the house the Pajaro River claimed as its own\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have another house, and I fear we’ll have to leave this one, too,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to flood officials, the project, which will cost about $600 million, is fully funded by federal and state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994621\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Laird speaks during a groundbreaking ceremony for a new levee for the Pajaro River, a Pajaro River Flood Risk Management Project, in Watsonville on Oct. 2, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pajaro was a special case, and that’s why we stepped up for them,” state Sen. John Laird (D-Santa Cruz) said. “Let’s pray again that this project gets online before it’s really needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps’ plan will prepare the most populated areas for a 1-in-100-year flood, yet \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982513/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california\">some experts believe that is only half the needed protection\u003c/a>. Rivas said that when the new levee is complete, it will be better “suited to meet the challenges of severe storms that we have seen more frequently due to climate change.\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work will start along Corralitos Creek on the northeastern edge of Watsonville. Flood officials said it’s the most at-risk area along the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994623\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Army Corps members hold shovels during a groundbreaking ceremony for a new levee for the Pajaro River, a Pajaro River Flood Risk Management Project, in Watsonville on Oct. 2, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This segment doesn’t have any levees right now,” said Mark Strudley, executive director of the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency. “It is unprotected. It flooded four times and overtopped its banks four times in 2023.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area that crumbled in March 2023, about 3 miles east of Pajaro, is still in the design phase. Officials want to set the new levee back 100 feet from where it is today to give the river room to expand during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1994496 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/09/Los-Vaqueros-Reservoir-1020x765.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from lawmakers, the local flood agency quickly rebuilt the 400 feet of levee that ruptured after the flood. This summer, the portion of the levee was reconstructed again. It has the same amount of flood protection as the failed levee, meaning Pajaro will remain vulnerable every rainy season until the new levee is built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Downstream will still remain relatively unprotected until we improve those levees as well, but it’s a huge step for us,” Strudley said. “We are going to be working our hardest to make sure it doesn’t flood or break. But at the end of the day, it’s still an undersized, vulnerable system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality that the makeshift levee could fail again worries Nancy Faulstich, director of the nonprofit group Regeneración — Pájaro Valley Climate Action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a ticking time bomb,” Faulstich said. “We all know there are vulnerabilities here, and with the acceleration of climate change, all bets are off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The nearly 14-mile Pajaro River levee project is expected to be finished early next decade. Residents fear another flood could interrupt their lives before then. ",
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"title": "Pajaro River Levee Project Breaks Ground As Winter Flood Concerns Loom | KQED",
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"headline": "Pajaro River Levee Project Breaks Ground As Winter Flood Concerns Loom",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over a year and a half after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/pajaro-river\">Pajaro River\u003c/a> levee burst, inundating \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984643/reluctant-retreat-one-familys-fight-against-climate-induced-flooding\">nearly 300 homes\u003c/a> in Monterey County with chocolate milk-colored water, flood agencies broke ground on Wednesday on a massive levee project to protect the river valley from future storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re turning the page from decades of fighting for a project [to] now just a handful of years of constructing a project for a new safe and secure Pajaro Valley,” Santa Cruz County Supervisor Zach Friend said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearly 14-mile levee project, managed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers in partnership with the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency, is expected to be finished early next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will improve flood risk in Watsonville, Pajaro and surrounding agricultural areas. The agencies will construct and enhance levees along the lower Pajaro River and its tributaries. However, the agencies won’t begin on the groundwork in the area for several winters, and residents fear another flood could interrupt their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pajaro is a community of around 3,000 people who work primarily in the Central Coast’s agricultural sector. The levee wasn’t adequately designed for the small storms that dump rain on the region, and storms have been made worse by human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994625\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 928px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994625\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"928\" height=\"602\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap.jpg 928w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/PajaroProjectMap-768x498.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 928px) 100vw, 928px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Pajaro River Flood Risk Management Project. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Tammy L. Reed via U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This should’ve happened long ago,” Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas (D-Salinas) said at a Wednesday press conference to launch the project. “The Pajaro Valley is a community that never gives up. You all here know how to work hard, but more importantly, know you know how to work together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got the job done together, and that’s a testament to this community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years before the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11943316/pajaro-river-levee-breached-where-to-find-evacuation-shelters\">2023 flood\u003c/a>, the Corps had officially rated the levee along the Pajaro River a “moderate” risk of flooding. The truth is that for decades, officials knew it needed repair. The Corps determined that the town wasn’t worth protecting because property values were too low, according to levee records and interviews with several officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994620\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/04282023_pajaroupdate-599_qed-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denia Escutia and her mother, Carla, pose for a portrait inside the family’s home in Pajaro, California, on April 28, 2023. In the weeks since a levee breach flooded their neighborhood back in March, the Escutia’s have moved out of the house and into a trailer in the driveway. \u003ccite>(Kori Suzuki/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Almost 300 homes were damaged or destroyed, including Denia Escutia’s family home. Escutia, 19, delayed attending college because her family couldn’t find a home outside of Pajaro, so they \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994168/the-pajaro-flood-forced-them-to-flee-californias-high-rents-forced-them-to-return\">moved across the street from the house the Pajaro River claimed as its own\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have another house, and I fear we’ll have to leave this one, too,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to flood officials, the project, which will cost about $600 million, is fully funded by federal and state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994621\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-26-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Laird speaks during a groundbreaking ceremony for a new levee for the Pajaro River, a Pajaro River Flood Risk Management Project, in Watsonville on Oct. 2, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Pajaro was a special case, and that’s why we stepped up for them,” state Sen. John Laird (D-Santa Cruz) said. “Let’s pray again that this project gets online before it’s really needed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps’ plan will prepare the most populated areas for a 1-in-100-year flood, yet \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1982513/experts-call-for-doubled-levee-protection-to-battle-climate-change-in-california\">some experts believe that is only half the needed protection\u003c/a>. Rivas said that when the new levee is complete, it will be better “suited to meet the challenges of severe storms that we have seen more frequently due to climate change.\u003cem>”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Work will start along Corralitos Creek on the northeastern edge of Watsonville. Flood officials said it’s the most at-risk area along the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1994623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1994623\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2024/10/20241002_PajaroLeveeGroundbreak_GC-23-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Army Corps members hold shovels during a groundbreaking ceremony for a new levee for the Pajaro River, a Pajaro River Flood Risk Management Project, in Watsonville on Oct. 2, 2024. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This segment doesn’t have any levees right now,” said Mark Strudley, executive director of the Pajaro Regional Flood Management Agency. “It is unprotected. It flooded four times and overtopped its banks four times in 2023.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area that crumbled in March 2023, about 3 miles east of Pajaro, is still in the design phase. Officials want to set the new levee back 100 feet from where it is today to give the river room to expand during storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure from lawmakers, the local flood agency quickly rebuilt the 400 feet of levee that ruptured after the flood. This summer, the portion of the levee was reconstructed again. It has the same amount of flood protection as the failed levee, meaning Pajaro will remain vulnerable every rainy season until the new levee is built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Downstream will still remain relatively unprotected until we improve those levees as well, but it’s a huge step for us,” Strudley said. “We are going to be working our hardest to make sure it doesn’t flood or break. But at the end of the day, it’s still an undersized, vulnerable system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reality that the makeshift levee could fail again worries Nancy Faulstich, director of the nonprofit group Regeneración — Pájaro Valley Climate Action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a ticking time bomb,” Faulstich said. “We all know there are vulnerabilities here, and with the acceleration of climate change, all bets are off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "bay-area-heat-wave-will-be-hotter-and-longer-echoing-the-1980-scorcher",
"title": "Bay Area Heat Wave Will Be Hotter and Longer, Echoing the 1980 Scorcher",
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"headTitle": "Bay Area Heat Wave Will Be Hotter and Longer, Echoing the 1980 Scorcher | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3:57 p.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s early autumn \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">heat wave\u003c/a> is beginning to feel a lot like one that set records across the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> more than four decades ago, according to a National Weather Service meteorologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last time we had this level of atmospheric heat in October, it was a significant event; we just crossed that threshold this morning,” said Dylan Flynn of the NWS Bay Area office. “This is very similar to that 1980 heat wave, and some places are going to break their record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn said this week’s heat wave will be hotter than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994574/bay-area-faces-another-heat-wave-this-week-as-fire-risk-rises\">originally predicted\u003c/a> and “drag out into the weekend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday was forecast to be the hottest day of the week at 92 degrees in San Francisco, 95 in Oakland, 101 in San José and 104 in Livermore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With temperatures already in the mid-90s by Tuesday afternoon, the weather service extended an excessive heat warning in San Francisco through 11 p.m. Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The southeast portion of the city has already hit 96 degrees,” said Joe Merchant, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s not likely to break the record of 97 degrees set in 1980 at the downtown San Francisco official climate recording station, temperatures could be the second hottest on record for the day, Flynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1841148785327816727\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An excessive heat warning is also in effect until 11 p.m. Wednesday for the North Bay Mountains, Santa Lucia Mountains, the Marin Coastal Range, Alameda County, Santa Clara County and Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A heat advisory, which is less severe than an excessive heat warning, continues through 11 p.m. Wednesday for the Central Coast, portions of the North Bay valleys, San Benito County and Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daily high-temperature records were broken Monday in San Rafael, San José, Santa Rosa, Kentfield, Livermore and Redwood City. Similar areas could break daily records again Tuesday, and even Half Moon Bay could be added to the list as temperatures reach the 80s and 90s along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn said an October heat wave isn’t abnormal, but human-caused climate change brought on by burning fossil fuels raises the average temperature. That played a part in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994538/3-bay-area-cities-had-hottest-summer-in-history-as-climate-change-pushes-temps-up\">San José, Livermore and Napa, which are all having their hottest summers on record\u003c/a> this year, following a state and global trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A heat wave that pushes temperatures in San Francisco to 95 degrees, “if it happened a hundred years ago, it would probably only be something like 92 degrees,” Flynn said. “It’s not that the heat wave wouldn’t have happened. We would still have heat waves. It’s just that everything is a little bit warmer now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11878134 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/RS66615_GettyImages-1280969852-qut.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service has also issued a red flag warning for portions of Monterey and San Benito counties for very low humidity and gusty offshore winds on Wednesday through Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire weather danger is very high,” Flynn said. “Since we don’t have extreme wind speeds, we might not see widespread red flag warnings, but the fuels are really easy to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters warn people to find shade or cool relief whenever possible because the temperature could feel much hotter depending on how humid an area is to the human body, UC Berkeley climate physics professor David Romps said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the temperature increases, that increased humidity is impairing the body’s ability to stay cool, and so our body gets more and more stressed physiologically,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat is expected to stay through Sunday, but coastal areas may begin to “get some relief” by Thursday as temperatures drop slightly due to the return of onshore winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing signs the weather pattern is going to be a bit more stagnant. Coastal locations will get a little reprieve from the marine layer beginning Thursday,” Merchant said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Northern California’s autumn heat wave is breaking temperature records this week, with more likely to shatter as the heat peaks on Tuesday.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3:57 p.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week’s early autumn \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">heat wave\u003c/a> is beginning to feel a lot like one that set records across the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> more than four decades ago, according to a National Weather Service meteorologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last time we had this level of atmospheric heat in October, it was a significant event; we just crossed that threshold this morning,” said Dylan Flynn of the NWS Bay Area office. “This is very similar to that 1980 heat wave, and some places are going to break their record.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn said this week’s heat wave will be hotter than \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994574/bay-area-faces-another-heat-wave-this-week-as-fire-risk-rises\">originally predicted\u003c/a> and “drag out into the weekend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday was forecast to be the hottest day of the week at 92 degrees in San Francisco, 95 in Oakland, 101 in San José and 104 in Livermore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With temperatures already in the mid-90s by Tuesday afternoon, the weather service extended an excessive heat warning in San Francisco through 11 p.m. Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The southeast portion of the city has already hit 96 degrees,” said Joe Merchant, a meteorologist with the weather service’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it’s not likely to break the record of 97 degrees set in 1980 at the downtown San Francisco official climate recording station, temperatures could be the second hottest on record for the day, Flynn said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>An excessive heat warning is also in effect until 11 p.m. Wednesday for the North Bay Mountains, Santa Lucia Mountains, the Marin Coastal Range, Alameda County, Santa Clara County and Contra Costa County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A heat advisory, which is less severe than an excessive heat warning, continues through 11 p.m. Wednesday for the Central Coast, portions of the North Bay valleys, San Benito County and Monterey Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daily high-temperature records were broken Monday in San Rafael, San José, Santa Rosa, Kentfield, Livermore and Redwood City. Similar areas could break daily records again Tuesday, and even Half Moon Bay could be added to the list as temperatures reach the 80s and 90s along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flynn said an October heat wave isn’t abnormal, but human-caused climate change brought on by burning fossil fuels raises the average temperature. That played a part in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994538/3-bay-area-cities-had-hottest-summer-in-history-as-climate-change-pushes-temps-up\">San José, Livermore and Napa, which are all having their hottest summers on record\u003c/a> this year, following a state and global trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A heat wave that pushes temperatures in San Francisco to 95 degrees, “if it happened a hundred years ago, it would probably only be something like 92 degrees,” Flynn said. “It’s not that the heat wave wouldn’t have happened. We would still have heat waves. It’s just that everything is a little bit warmer now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service has also issued a red flag warning for portions of Monterey and San Benito counties for very low humidity and gusty offshore winds on Wednesday through Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fire weather danger is very high,” Flynn said. “Since we don’t have extreme wind speeds, we might not see widespread red flag warnings, but the fuels are really easy to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters warn people to find shade or cool relief whenever possible because the temperature could feel much hotter depending on how humid an area is to the human body, UC Berkeley climate physics professor David Romps said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As the temperature increases, that increased humidity is impairing the body’s ability to stay cool, and so our body gets more and more stressed physiologically,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat is expected to stay through Sunday, but coastal areas may begin to “get some relief” by Thursday as temperatures drop slightly due to the return of onshore winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing signs the weather pattern is going to be a bit more stagnant. Coastal locations will get a little reprieve from the marine layer beginning Thursday,” Merchant said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>[\u003cstrong>Updated:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">How to Stay Cool and Safe in a California Heat Wave\u003c/a>]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> residents know October is usually hotter than the actual summer season. Right on schedule, forecasters expect a record-breaking \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">heat wave\u003c/a> during the first week of spooky month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have temperatures generally 15 to 25 degrees above normal,” said Dalton Behringer, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it was the perfect week to escape to the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it might not be as much relief as people would usually expect since the coastal areas are going to heat up, too,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service issued a heat advisory for the entire Bay Area and Central Coast from 11 a.m. Monday to 11 p.m. Wednesday. Behringer said Tuesday will be the hottest day of the heat wave, and temperatures will begin to taper off as the week progresses. The high-pressure system building over the region, limiting the spread of coastal fog, could shatter daily heat records from Santa Rosa to San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly out of the norm in terms of normal daily temperatures, but this time of year is marked by these kinds of events where we can see these spikes like this,” Behringer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents across the region will feel the heat day and night — even on the coast. On Tuesday, San Francisco will reach the 90s, and it will be 95 in Oakland. Further inland, temperatures could reach into the triple digits. Forecasters expect Kentfield, Livermore, Redwood City, San Rafael and San José to break daily records this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologists have warned the hot days will add to fire danger across the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1840698035237736723\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the heat wave peaks on Tuesday, Concord and Livermore are expected to reach 105 degrees, said Roger Gass, a meteorologist with NWS’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would just recommend checking on your friends and family,” he said. “If you have any in the Bay Area, make sure that they have adequate access to cooling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parts of California, including the Bay Area, are experiencing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994538/3-bay-area-cities-had-hottest-summer-in-history-as-climate-change-pushes-temps-up\">four to five times the number of heat waves they did in the 1960s\u003c/a>, according to Eugene Cordero, a San José State University meteorology and climate science professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11993386 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/07/ThompsonFireOrovilleAP1-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That difference in the number of heat waves is attributed to climate change,” he said. “This is the human signal to the change of our climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hot, dry weather has \u003ca href=\"https://www.pgecurrents.com/articles/4054-elevated-fire-risk-limited-areas-prompts-possible-public-safety-power-shutoff\">PG&E warning some residents in four Bay Area counties\u003c/a> that they could lose electricity on Monday and Tuesday. The utility announced over the weekend that it could cut power to more than 12,000 customers across 11 counties, including customers in Alameda, Contra Costa, Sonoma and Napa counties. The utility said the shutoffs are meant to reduce the risk of wildfire from energized power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday morning, PG&E said it began shutting off power to several hundred customers in Butte and Shasta counties. Meanwhile, Bay Area air regulators have issued a Spare the Air alert for Monday due to unhealthy smog concentrations. The regulators said the air is particularly bad for people with heart conditions, young children and seniors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They advise outdoor exercise only in the early morning hours. Temperatures are expected to drop again by midweek and cool back toward normal fall weather by the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>[\u003cstrong>Updated:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">How to Stay Cool and Safe in a California Heat Wave\u003c/a>]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/bay-area\">Bay Area\u003c/a> residents know October is usually hotter than the actual summer season. Right on schedule, forecasters expect a record-breaking \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11878134/bay-area-heat-wave-how-to-stay-safe-during-dangerously-hot-weather\">heat wave\u003c/a> during the first week of spooky month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have temperatures generally 15 to 25 degrees above normal,” said Dalton Behringer, a meteorologist with the National Weather Service Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it was the perfect week to escape to the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But it might not be as much relief as people would usually expect since the coastal areas are going to heat up, too,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service issued a heat advisory for the entire Bay Area and Central Coast from 11 a.m. Monday to 11 p.m. Wednesday. Behringer said Tuesday will be the hottest day of the heat wave, and temperatures will begin to taper off as the week progresses. The high-pressure system building over the region, limiting the spread of coastal fog, could shatter daily heat records from Santa Rosa to San José.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s certainly out of the norm in terms of normal daily temperatures, but this time of year is marked by these kinds of events where we can see these spikes like this,” Behringer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents across the region will feel the heat day and night — even on the coast. On Tuesday, San Francisco will reach the 90s, and it will be 95 in Oakland. Further inland, temperatures could reach into the triple digits. Forecasters expect Kentfield, Livermore, Redwood City, San Rafael and San José to break daily records this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meteorologists have warned the hot days will add to fire danger across the region.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>When the heat wave peaks on Tuesday, Concord and Livermore are expected to reach 105 degrees, said Roger Gass, a meteorologist with NWS’s Bay Area office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would just recommend checking on your friends and family,” he said. “If you have any in the Bay Area, make sure that they have adequate access to cooling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parts of California, including the Bay Area, are experiencing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994538/3-bay-area-cities-had-hottest-summer-in-history-as-climate-change-pushes-temps-up\">four to five times the number of heat waves they did in the 1960s\u003c/a>, according to Eugene Cordero, a San José State University meteorology and climate science professor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That difference in the number of heat waves is attributed to climate change,” he said. “This is the human signal to the change of our climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hot, dry weather has \u003ca href=\"https://www.pgecurrents.com/articles/4054-elevated-fire-risk-limited-areas-prompts-possible-public-safety-power-shutoff\">PG&E warning some residents in four Bay Area counties\u003c/a> that they could lose electricity on Monday and Tuesday. The utility announced over the weekend that it could cut power to more than 12,000 customers across 11 counties, including customers in Alameda, Contra Costa, Sonoma and Napa counties. The utility said the shutoffs are meant to reduce the risk of wildfire from energized power lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday morning, PG&E said it began shutting off power to several hundred customers in Butte and Shasta counties. Meanwhile, Bay Area air regulators have issued a Spare the Air alert for Monday due to unhealthy smog concentrations. The regulators said the air is particularly bad for people with heart conditions, young children and seniors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They advise outdoor exercise only in the early morning hours. Temperatures are expected to drop again by midweek and cool back toward normal fall weather by the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
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