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This “Inland Coast” is home to 70 species of birds, and provides valuable habitat for beavers, muskrats, and river otters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting There\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>From Highway 4 in Oakley, go north on Big Break Road. Take the first right just past Vintage Parkway and follow the road to the Big Break Pier. You can also enter the park by walking in on Marsh Creek Regional Trail, just adjacent to Marsh Creek off E. Cypress Road in Oakley, east of its intersection with Main St./Highway 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Public Transportation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tri Delta Transit #300 provides service to Vintage Parkway and Big Break Road on weekdays. Call to confirm route: Tri Delta Transit–(925) 754-4040 or see \u003ca href=\"http://www.trideltatransit.com\">www.trideltatransit.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Park Activities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many park users come to Big Break simply to enjoy cool marine breezes in the summer. Birdwatchers are drawn by the constant birdsong from the marshes, and everyone comes to enjoy the solitude and escape from the nearby urban landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fishing/Boating\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bass fishing is currently the most popular recreational activity at Big Break. The 100-foot fishing pier is very popular with local anglers. A California fishing license is required to fish from the pier or shoreline, but an \u003cspan class=\"caps\">EBRPD\u003c/span> fishing access permit is not required. While shore fishing offers less success, boaters offshore catch primarily largemouth bass and striped bass, with some white catfish, bluegill, sunfish, and sturgeon also caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General boating also takes place at Big Break estuary due to its accessibility to the rivers and sloughs of the Inland Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hiking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Big Break Regional Trail, which runs along the southern edge of Big Break through the Ironhouse Sanitary District, provides access for hikers, bicyclists, and equestrians to the southeastern edge of the estuary. The trail connects to the northern end of the Marsh Creek Regional Trail, providing access to Brentwood and Oakley. The Marsh Creek Regional Trail connects to the Delta de Anza Regional Trail via West Cypress Road, providing access to Oakley, Brentwood, Antioch, Pittsburg, and Bay Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Delta Discovery Experience\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This facility is in the planning phase and will be located in the area of the park accessible from Big Break Road. When complete, it will offer picnic and meadow areas, a shaded amphitheater, boat and kayak launch facilities, an interactive map of the Delta, and covered, outdoor use areas for interpretive and educational exhibits and programs highlighting the Delta, its ecosystems, and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Mike Moran, Shelly Lewis and Isa Polt-Jones of the East Bay Regional Park District for assisting us on this project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robin Marks, Joshua Cassidy, Craig Rosa and Ron Wolf all contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Pacific Flyway: Busier than 580 at Rush Hour\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"8d. Caspian Terns by kqedquest, on Flickr\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4866564257/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4122/4866564257_aeb5093b62_m.jpg\" alt=\"8d. Caspian Terns\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>At 5:30 on a Friday afternoon, our freeways are famously clogged with commuters. Many of those drivers, tapping out tunes on their dashboards, may not realize that the real traffic in the Bay Area is overhead. Each spring and fall, millions of birds make their way to and from our local estuaries, oceanside cliffs, and river deltas, bringing about a spectacle of nature that seems otherwise lost in our modern world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it comes to tourism in the Bay Area, the number of avian visitors rivals that of human visitors over the course of the year. Both the coast and the inland valleys invite hundreds of bird species. Many of them spend long stretches of time here, while others merely pass through, on their way to places as close as the Salton Sea or as distant as Patagonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrating birds all over the world arrive and depart along predictable paths, which have been dubbed “flyways.” There are four major flyways in North America, stretching into South America: the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/flyways300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>See the four major flyways in North America\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each flyway that passes through the United States even has its own council that works with state and federal wildlife agencies to protect birds and manage hunting regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the flyway has two “lanes,” one along the coast and the other that follows inland valleys. At the intersection of the Delta, the coast and the Central Valley, Big Break Regional Shoreline is an all-seasons crossroads for migrating birds, and draws all manner of shorebirds, raptors, and songbirds on their travels. On a good day, a birder can spot up to 60 species. Our avian visitors are a combination of birds wintering here from colder climes, and birds summering here who spend winter in Mexico or other points south. Spring migration antics peak from February through April, when visitors may be treated to meadowlarks, sparrows and dowitchers, among others, making their way out of town. Fall brings the spectacular return of Sandhill cranes showing off their six-foot wingspans. Among the summer tourists is the threatened Swainson’s hawk, a special guest at Big Break from June to August. Other good birding spots in the Bay Area include \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/elkhorn-slough-exploration/\">Elkhorn Slough\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/\">Don Edwards Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>, and Pt. Reyes, which is home to the Point Reyes Bird Observatory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One fact that both amazes and helps bird researchers is that migrators tend to not only fly along the same route, but to actually return to very specific places. This means that if a particular bird is caught by a researcher’s net one year and then banded, there’s a good likelihood that same bird will end up in the same net the following year. This provides the opportunity for scientists to learn from observations made on specific birds year after year. Sometimes researchers also attach tracking devices as well as bands to the birds, allowing those birds’ movements to be followed in very detailed ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some birds fly for weeks without stopping, others rest along the way. Some fly hundreds of miles, others fly thousands. No matter what their path, migration is a major effort that requires energy and time. Why do birds bother? It turns out that traversing all those miles has a real advantage when it comes to daylight. Imagine that as the hour of sunset got earlier and earlier, you could simply relocate to a place with a solar schedule you liked better. More time to hang out outdoors hiking. For a bird, a longer day means more light time to gather food and and thus a better place to hatch, raise, and feed hungry youngsters. Not to mention the bonus that more sunlight means more time for tasty plants to grow, which translates to more food to collect and feed to the little ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds don’t consciously set out on their migrations with a destination in mind. They seem to be pre-programmed with their own unique \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GPS\u003c/span> units. They are guided by land features like coastlines, mountains, and rivers, and also use the sun and stars. In fact, some night-flying songbirds actually memorize certain star patterns in the sky in their first year of life, to prepare them for the flight. Tiny grains of magnetite in or above the nostrils of some migratory birds may also help them use the Earth’s magnetic field, and a few birds can employ their sense of smell on the journey as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how, exactly, birds find their way from here to there remains something of a mystery. And while it would be nice to know precisely how they manage their incredible feat, the elusiveness of answers makes it that much more magical to see and hear hundreds of birds take flight at the same moment, heading for the same place, doing what they’ve been doing for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join our \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1466083@N24\">Big Break Regional Shoreline photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/big_break\">EBRPD - Big Break Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://pacificflyway.gov/\">Pacific Flyway Council\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.prbo.org/cms/424\">PRBO:Tracking Migrating Shorebirds\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Big Break Regional Shoreline is a part of the great 1,680-square-mile San Francisco/San Joaquin Delta. This \"Inland Coast\" is home to 70 species of birds, and provides valuable habitat for beavers, muskrats, and river otters.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/big-break-regional-shoreline-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003c/span>Big Break Regional Shoreline is a part of the great 1,680-square-mile San Francisco/San Joaquin Delta estuary in Northern California. The water flowing past Big Break Regional Shoreline through the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers drains half of California’s watershed, and creates the largest estuarine environment on Pacific shores. This “Inland Coast” is home to 70 species of birds, and provides valuable habitat for beavers, muskrats, and river otters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting There\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>From Highway 4 in Oakley, go north on Big Break Road. Take the first right just past Vintage Parkway and follow the road to the Big Break Pier. You can also enter the park by walking in on Marsh Creek Regional Trail, just adjacent to Marsh Creek off E. Cypress Road in Oakley, east of its intersection with Main St./Highway 4.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Public Transportation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tri Delta Transit #300 provides service to Vintage Parkway and Big Break Road on weekdays. Call to confirm route: Tri Delta Transit–(925) 754-4040 or see \u003ca href=\"http://www.trideltatransit.com\">www.trideltatransit.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Park Activities\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many park users come to Big Break simply to enjoy cool marine breezes in the summer. Birdwatchers are drawn by the constant birdsong from the marshes, and everyone comes to enjoy the solitude and escape from the nearby urban landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Fishing/Boating\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Bass fishing is currently the most popular recreational activity at Big Break. The 100-foot fishing pier is very popular with local anglers. A California fishing license is required to fish from the pier or shoreline, but an \u003cspan class=\"caps\">EBRPD\u003c/span> fishing access permit is not required. While shore fishing offers less success, boaters offshore catch primarily largemouth bass and striped bass, with some white catfish, bluegill, sunfish, and sturgeon also caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General boating also takes place at Big Break estuary due to its accessibility to the rivers and sloughs of the Inland Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hiking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Big Break Regional Trail, which runs along the southern edge of Big Break through the Ironhouse Sanitary District, provides access for hikers, bicyclists, and equestrians to the southeastern edge of the estuary. The trail connects to the northern end of the Marsh Creek Regional Trail, providing access to Brentwood and Oakley. The Marsh Creek Regional Trail connects to the Delta de Anza Regional Trail via West Cypress Road, providing access to Oakley, Brentwood, Antioch, Pittsburg, and Bay Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Delta Discovery Experience\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This facility is in the planning phase and will be located in the area of the park accessible from Big Break Road. When complete, it will offer picnic and meadow areas, a shaded amphitheater, boat and kayak launch facilities, an interactive map of the Delta, and covered, outdoor use areas for interpretive and educational exhibits and programs highlighting the Delta, its ecosystems, and wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Mike Moran, Shelly Lewis and Isa Polt-Jones of the East Bay Regional Park District for assisting us on this project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robin Marks, Joshua Cassidy, Craig Rosa and Ron Wolf all contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Pacific Flyway: Busier than 580 at Rush Hour\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca title=\"8d. Caspian Terns by kqedquest, on Flickr\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4866564257/\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4122/4866564257_aeb5093b62_m.jpg\" alt=\"8d. Caspian Terns\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>At 5:30 on a Friday afternoon, our freeways are famously clogged with commuters. Many of those drivers, tapping out tunes on their dashboards, may not realize that the real traffic in the Bay Area is overhead. Each spring and fall, millions of birds make their way to and from our local estuaries, oceanside cliffs, and river deltas, bringing about a spectacle of nature that seems otherwise lost in our modern world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when it comes to tourism in the Bay Area, the number of avian visitors rivals that of human visitors over the course of the year. Both the coast and the inland valleys invite hundreds of bird species. Many of them spend long stretches of time here, while others merely pass through, on their way to places as close as the Salton Sea or as distant as Patagonia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Migrating birds all over the world arrive and depart along predictable paths, which have been dubbed “flyways.” There are four major flyways in North America, stretching into South America: the Atlantic, Mississippi, Central, and Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/flyways300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>See the four major flyways in North America\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each flyway that passes through the United States even has its own council that works with state and federal wildlife agencies to protect birds and manage hunting regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the flyway has two “lanes,” one along the coast and the other that follows inland valleys. At the intersection of the Delta, the coast and the Central Valley, Big Break Regional Shoreline is an all-seasons crossroads for migrating birds, and draws all manner of shorebirds, raptors, and songbirds on their travels. On a good day, a birder can spot up to 60 species. Our avian visitors are a combination of birds wintering here from colder climes, and birds summering here who spend winter in Mexico or other points south. Spring migration antics peak from February through April, when visitors may be treated to meadowlarks, sparrows and dowitchers, among others, making their way out of town. Fall brings the spectacular return of Sandhill cranes showing off their six-foot wingspans. Among the summer tourists is the threatened Swainson’s hawk, a special guest at Big Break from June to August. Other good birding spots in the Bay Area include \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/elkhorn-slough-exploration/\">Elkhorn Slough\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/don-edwards-sf-bay-national-wildlife-refuge-exploration/\">Don Edwards Wildlife Refuge\u003c/a>, and Pt. Reyes, which is home to the Point Reyes Bird Observatory. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One fact that both amazes and helps bird researchers is that migrators tend to not only fly along the same route, but to actually return to very specific places. This means that if a particular bird is caught by a researcher’s net one year and then banded, there’s a good likelihood that same bird will end up in the same net the following year. This provides the opportunity for scientists to learn from observations made on specific birds year after year. Sometimes researchers also attach tracking devices as well as bands to the birds, allowing those birds’ movements to be followed in very detailed ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some birds fly for weeks without stopping, others rest along the way. Some fly hundreds of miles, others fly thousands. No matter what their path, migration is a major effort that requires energy and time. Why do birds bother? It turns out that traversing all those miles has a real advantage when it comes to daylight. Imagine that as the hour of sunset got earlier and earlier, you could simply relocate to a place with a solar schedule you liked better. More time to hang out outdoors hiking. For a bird, a longer day means more light time to gather food and and thus a better place to hatch, raise, and feed hungry youngsters. Not to mention the bonus that more sunlight means more time for tasty plants to grow, which translates to more food to collect and feed to the little ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Birds don’t consciously set out on their migrations with a destination in mind. They seem to be pre-programmed with their own unique \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GPS\u003c/span> units. They are guided by land features like coastlines, mountains, and rivers, and also use the sun and stars. In fact, some night-flying songbirds actually memorize certain star patterns in the sky in their first year of life, to prepare them for the flight. Tiny grains of magnetite in or above the nostrils of some migratory birds may also help them use the Earth’s magnetic field, and a few birds can employ their sense of smell on the journey as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how, exactly, birds find their way from here to there remains something of a mystery. And while it would be nice to know precisely how they manage their incredible feat, the elusiveness of answers makes it that much more magical to see and hear hundreds of birds take flight at the same moment, heading for the same place, doing what they’ve been doing for thousands of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join our \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1466083@N24\">Big Break Regional Shoreline photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/big_break\">EBRPD - Big Break Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://pacificflyway.gov/\">Pacific Flyway Council\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.prbo.org/cms/424\">PRBO:Tracking Migrating Shorebirds\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring the Lower Russian River",
"title": "Exploring the Lower Russian River",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/lower-russian-river-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\t \t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/span>\u003cem>\"We go to the river's edge for comfort, spiritual renewal, meditation, solitude; we go to the river to feel and know the continuance of life.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>- Henry David Thoreau\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River has been a favorite destination for generations of San Franciscans looking to get away from the rolling chill of the seasonal fog. It’s also a popular get-away for inland Bay Area residents looking for a watery escape from the summer heat. But for people more familiar with the middle stretches of the river, venturing into the lower Russian River might offer a surprise or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploring the lower Russian River, from Duncans Mills to Jenner by the Sea, you are just as likely to meet animals such as North American River Otters, Harbor Seals or Pacific Pond Turtles as you are to see another person on the river. Bird lovers marvel as Barn Swallows zip by overhead, Osprey call from their nests and Great Blue Heron fish in the shallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also an excellent place to study the river’s ecology. Since all the runoff in the watershed, from pristine wilderness to agriculture and developed areas such as Santa Rosa, makes its way to and through this one spot, scientists can use the river as a living laboratory for how our human activities affect the water quality of the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is an extraordinarily wild place in the backyard of the bustling Bay Area that we encourage you to explore. Leave nothing, take only photos and, as they say up the river, \"Memories that linger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting There\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Location and Directions to Duncans Mills & Jenner.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From Hwy 101 at Santa Rosa, CA\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Take River Road Exit west to Russian River Resort Areas and Guerneville (go approx. 18 miles to Guerneville). At Guerneville continue straight on River Road / Hwy 116 for another 8 miles, past Monte Rio to Duncans Mills. (Jenner and the Pacific Coast is another 5 miles down river.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Directions From Pacific Coast Hwy 1\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Traveling North on Hwy 1, Cross the Russian River at Bridgehaven, make right onto Hwy 116 toward Russian River Resort Areas and continue upriver 4 miles to Duncans Mills. To get to Jenner, make a left after the bridge and travel up Coast Hwy 1 for one mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Boat Put-in & Take-out Locations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Public access to the Russian River is surprisingly limited. 95 percent of the entire watershed is private property. Professional river guides and outfitters can make arrangements for the start and finish your trek and can supply shuttle, and portage for your boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explore the lower Russian River on your own, probably the most convenient place to put in your boat is at the Casini Ranch Family Campground, just across and up river from Duncans Mills. There is a $3 day-use fee. For more information contact: 1 (800) 451-8400 or E-mail: reservations@casiniranch.com\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take-out is at the Jenner boat launch near the Visitor Center in Jenner, CA, at the mouth of the Russian River, off HWY 1. There is no fee and ample parking is available. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option is doing our Exploration in reverse by putting in at the Jenner boat launch, and paddling up river to Duncans Mills. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>River Guides and Boat Rentals\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>WaterTreks EcoTours & Jenner Kayak Rentals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Toll Free:1-888-865-2249\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.watertreks.com/\">http://www.watertreks.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were guided on our Exploration by Suki Waters of WaterTreks EcoTours in Jenner, CA. Suki is a local guide, naturalist and kayak instructor whose roots in the area go back generations to her Native American ancestors. She has been working with the public in outdoor recreation, education and safety on The Russian River since 1979. WaterTreks provided us with kayaks and gear, as well as safety, expertise and fun company on the river. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Russian River Outfitters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>1-877-775-2925\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianriveroutfitters.com/\">http://www.russianriveroutfitters.com\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nKayak and Canoe rentals at Duncan’s Mills, CA. Russian River Outfitters can also provide experienced river guides and instruction, as well as a shuttle service and boat portage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Clothing and Outfitting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you don't have your own gear, your professional river guide or outfitter can supply boats, paddles, life vests, dry bags and other equipment you will need. You should plan to supply your own enthusiasm, curiosity and sense of adventure. The Russian River is classified as class 1 waterway, meaning it is mild. However winds, tide, and currents can be unpredictable. Kayaking is not without risk, it is highly recommended that everyone wear a personal flotation device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the summertime, the wind can come up and the fog will roll in on the coast. The lower Russian River can turn quite chilly, even when it is warm inland. You will get wet. It is recommended to wear layers and a waterproof outer shell. Cotton clothing is not recommended as it tends to hold water and pull heat from your body when soaked. Water wicking fleece or other material is best for warmth. Shoes, such as sport sandals, that won’t get waterlogged are suggested. Bring sun protection. And a good tip is to have a warm set of clothes to change into after your day on The River.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Food and Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Keeping yourself fueled and hydrated is important You will be on the river for a few hours without access to resources. Bring water and some snacks packed in watertight bags or a small cooler.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Communications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cell phone coverage is spotty at best in this section of the Russian River but it is still recommended that you keep a cell phone handy in case of emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nearby Open Space Attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Sonoma Coast State Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"Long sandy beaches below rugged headlands, a craggy coastline with natural arches and secluded coves are features that make \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=451\" target=\"_blank\">Sonoma Coast State Park\u003c/a> one of California's most scenic attractions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of The River from Jenner, is Sonoma Coast State Park. Mostly known for its beaches, one of the highlights for those who love the outdoors is Pomo Canyon. A former Pomo-Miwok trade route, this 3 mile hike takes you from the redwood glens near Willow Creek, up and over the grassy hillside and down to the coast at Shell Beach. It's considered by many to be one of the prettiest hikes in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The serene, majestic beauty of this Grove is a living reminder of the magnificent primeval redwood forest that covered much of this area before logging operations began during the 19th century.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 800 acres of magnificent Sequoia sempervirens, commonly known as the Coast Redwood are preserved near Guerneville, CA. Armstrong Grove is a favorite place to escape the heat of summer and bask in the shade of an old growth forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ancient Coast Redwood is the tallest living thing in the world. Some coast redwoods are more than 2000 years old and tower over 350 feet. \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=450\" target=\"_blank\">Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve\u003c/a> offers self-guided nature trails, a visitor's center and a variety of picnic facilities. The tallest tree you’ll encounter in the park is called the \"Parson Jones Tree\" measuring more than 310 feet in height. The oldest tree here is the stately \"Colonel Armstrong Tree,\" estimated to be over 1400 years old. It is named after a benevolent lumberman who chose to preserve this portion of the park in the 1870's. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a trail map, see:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianrivertravel.com/assets/parks/armstrongmap1.gif\">http://www.russianrivertravel.com/assets/parks/armstrongmap1.gif\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks to Jenny Donovan and Rich Lawton of the California State Parks, Jessica Martini-Lamb of the Sonoma County Water Agency, as well as Michele Luna and Annie Cresswell from the Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods for assisting us on this project. And a special thanks to our guide, Suki Waters of WaterTreks EcoTours, for taking us on this wonderful paddle and showing us all that the Lower Russian River has to offer!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cruising Down The River: A Paddle Exploration of the Lower Russian River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4667172849/\" title=\"7f. Sunset Paddle on the Russian River by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4030/4667172849_bbb74055e5_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" alt=\"7f. Sunset Paddle on the Russian River\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>\"Rivers know this: there is no hurry. We shall get there some day.\"- A. A. Milne, Pooh's Little Instruction Book. Photo provided by George Scott Zastrow Photography\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River begins its ramblings in the northern California redwood forests of Mendocino County, gently flowing south through Sonoma County, past lush vineyards and the towns of Geyserville, Healdsburg and Guerneville, before turning and winding its way to the Pacific Ocean. The river is a popular summertime destination for Bay Area residents and is also home to a vibrant and diverse wildlife community. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the wildest spots on the main stem of the Russian River is near its mouth where the river meets the sea. Here at the estuary the waters widen and the influences of two dynamic ecosystems merge. We have explored estuary environments before, discovering their beauty, learning about the fluctuating environment, the impact of human interaction and the challenges of restoration. But for this Quest Exploration we trade in our walking sticks for kayak paddles. The only way to be fully immersed in the river environment is to take to the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A young steelhead jumps at a dragonfly, an Osprey lands in its nest above, a family of river otters frolics along the riverbanks. The river is a verdant but fragile part of California's natural heritage. Exploring the lower stretch of the Russian River, from Duncans Mills to Jenner, provides a micro-climate glimpse of the varied river terrain; winding from the warm inland mountains and forests, past breezy oaks, willows and grasslands, to fog-draped Tule marshes and coastal dunes. And as we slowly drift down the river, the aquatic ecosystems are changing too, from fresh to salty brackish water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4667172551/\" title=\"5c. Russian River Tule Perch by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4047/4667172551_2cdcba2541_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\" alt=\"5c. Russian River Tule Perch\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>The Russian River Tule Perch, (Hysterocarpus traskii pomo), is the only genetically endemic (biologically native) fish in the Russian River.\u003c/em> When we think of rivers we usually just think of the main stem, the stream we see flowing in the waterway. But rivers begin at the tops of mountains. The whole area of land that drains into a river is called the watershed. The Russian River watershed encompasses 1485 square miles of mountains and valleys, forests and agriculture, cities and towns, 95 percent of which is private property. All of the water running off this land makes its way into and down the 110 mile stretch of the main stem before finally meeting the Pacific Ocean at Jenner, California. The river supplies drinking water for over a half million people in Mendocino, Sonoma and Marin counties while during the summer it is also one of the most heavily used rivers for canoeing and kayaking in the nation. The river provides critical habitat for birds and other wildlife, as well as many species of fish including three endangered salmonid species and the endemic Russian River Tule Perch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area of the river that we are exploring is located within the coastal fog belt of the outer North Coast Ranges. Here cool, moist, maritime conditions contrast the warmer dryer continental climate of the inland watershed. Tree species such as Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and Pacific Madrone (A. menziesii) dominate the forested landscape. The south-facing slopes and ridgelines are quilted with upland Coastal Prairie that serves as a reminder of the once vast and diverse grassland that stretched along the northern California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old-timers tell tales of the Russian River at a time when the redwood trees growing along the riverbanks were so huge, their branches stretched across the entire river, touching in the middle, and creating a shaded tunnel that the cool water gently flowed through. Today most of the big trees are long gone, but the second and third-growth timbers still provide homes for waterfowl, eagles, owls, osprey, heron and a host of other birdlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native riparian plant communities support a high level of biological diversity and are particularly important to the life cycle of fish such as endangered salmon. The native vegetation also helps control erosion during the winter flood stages and can mitigate over-sedimentation of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On our paddle we glided past an osprey and great blue heron roosting site that is testament to a thriving river environment. In one 50-yard stretch we could see at least four large osprey nests, each with a courting pair calling out to one another as they were busy rearing this year's young brood. The success of these fish-eating raptors, at the top of the river food chain, is encouraging, showing a thriving food-web of fish and invertebrates in the aquatic ecosystem below the nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we enter the estuary and approach historic Penny Island, The river begins a transformation both readily seen and unseen. Scientists from the Sonoma County Water Agency and National Marine Fisheries Service are now actively studying this region. 12 data collection stations have been installed in the estuary, taking readings of the salinity and water temperature and measuring the levels of bacteria and oxygen in the river. The scientists are also working with the USGS to test for pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and wastewater residue in the estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River estuary has an incredibly rich biodiversity. Over 50 species of fish have been identified in the lagoon, including Chinook Salmon, Tule Perch, Starry Flounder, American Shad and Bay Pipefish. The estuary is a nursery and particularly important for fish such as young steelhead who use this area to grow and adapt to saltwater before entering the ocean. It's this mixing of two distinct ecosystems that makes the estuary environment so vibrant; a confluence of life where an upriver animal such as the Northern River Otter, might interact with an ocean species such as a harbor seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the tale \"The Wind in the Willows\" Rat said of the river, \"It's my world, and I don't want any other. What it hasn't got is not worth having, and what it doesn't know is not worth knowing. Lord! The times we've had together!\" Ever changing, ever moving, always full of surprises, maybe the pre-Socratic philosopher Heraclitus said it best, \"you never set foot in the same river twice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join our \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1408535@N24\">Lower Russian River photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianriverwatershed.net/\">Russian River Watershed Council\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2009/around-the-bend\">Bay Nature: Paddling the Russian River's Middle Reach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scwa.ca.gov/\">Sonoma County Water Agency\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/\">Stewards of the Coast Redwoods\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Russian River originates in the redwood forests of Mendocino County and winds its way gently south thorough Sonoma County. One of the wildest spots on the main stem of the Russian River is towards the end, near its mouth. Here the waters widen, fresh water mixing with the tidal flows of the ocean, and the influences of two dynamic ecosystems merge. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/lower-russian-river-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\t \t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/span>\u003cem>\"We go to the river's edge for comfort, spiritual renewal, meditation, solitude; we go to the river to feel and know the continuance of life.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>- Henry David Thoreau\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River has been a favorite destination for generations of San Franciscans looking to get away from the rolling chill of the seasonal fog. It’s also a popular get-away for inland Bay Area residents looking for a watery escape from the summer heat. But for people more familiar with the middle stretches of the river, venturing into the lower Russian River might offer a surprise or two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exploring the lower Russian River, from Duncans Mills to Jenner by the Sea, you are just as likely to meet animals such as North American River Otters, Harbor Seals or Pacific Pond Turtles as you are to see another person on the river. Bird lovers marvel as Barn Swallows zip by overhead, Osprey call from their nests and Great Blue Heron fish in the shallows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is also an excellent place to study the river’s ecology. Since all the runoff in the watershed, from pristine wilderness to agriculture and developed areas such as Santa Rosa, makes its way to and through this one spot, scientists can use the river as a living laboratory for how our human activities affect the water quality of the ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is an extraordinarily wild place in the backyard of the bustling Bay Area that we encourage you to explore. Leave nothing, take only photos and, as they say up the river, \"Memories that linger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting There\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Location and Directions to Duncans Mills & Jenner.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>From Hwy 101 at Santa Rosa, CA\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Take River Road Exit west to Russian River Resort Areas and Guerneville (go approx. 18 miles to Guerneville). At Guerneville continue straight on River Road / Hwy 116 for another 8 miles, past Monte Rio to Duncans Mills. (Jenner and the Pacific Coast is another 5 miles down river.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Directions From Pacific Coast Hwy 1\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Traveling North on Hwy 1, Cross the Russian River at Bridgehaven, make right onto Hwy 116 toward Russian River Resort Areas and continue upriver 4 miles to Duncans Mills. To get to Jenner, make a left after the bridge and travel up Coast Hwy 1 for one mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Boat Put-in & Take-out Locations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Public access to the Russian River is surprisingly limited. 95 percent of the entire watershed is private property. Professional river guides and outfitters can make arrangements for the start and finish your trek and can supply shuttle, and portage for your boats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explore the lower Russian River on your own, probably the most convenient place to put in your boat is at the Casini Ranch Family Campground, just across and up river from Duncans Mills. There is a $3 day-use fee. For more information contact: 1 (800) 451-8400 or E-mail: reservations@casiniranch.com\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take-out is at the Jenner boat launch near the Visitor Center in Jenner, CA, at the mouth of the Russian River, off HWY 1. There is no fee and ample parking is available. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option is doing our Exploration in reverse by putting in at the Jenner boat launch, and paddling up river to Duncans Mills. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>River Guides and Boat Rentals\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>WaterTreks EcoTours & Jenner Kayak Rentals\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Toll Free:1-888-865-2249\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.watertreks.com/\">http://www.watertreks.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We were guided on our Exploration by Suki Waters of WaterTreks EcoTours in Jenner, CA. Suki is a local guide, naturalist and kayak instructor whose roots in the area go back generations to her Native American ancestors. She has been working with the public in outdoor recreation, education and safety on The Russian River since 1979. WaterTreks provided us with kayaks and gear, as well as safety, expertise and fun company on the river. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Russian River Outfitters\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>1-877-775-2925\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianriveroutfitters.com/\">http://www.russianriveroutfitters.com\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nKayak and Canoe rentals at Duncan’s Mills, CA. Russian River Outfitters can also provide experienced river guides and instruction, as well as a shuttle service and boat portage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Clothing and Outfitting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you don't have your own gear, your professional river guide or outfitter can supply boats, paddles, life vests, dry bags and other equipment you will need. You should plan to supply your own enthusiasm, curiosity and sense of adventure. The Russian River is classified as class 1 waterway, meaning it is mild. However winds, tide, and currents can be unpredictable. Kayaking is not without risk, it is highly recommended that everyone wear a personal flotation device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in the summertime, the wind can come up and the fog will roll in on the coast. The lower Russian River can turn quite chilly, even when it is warm inland. You will get wet. It is recommended to wear layers and a waterproof outer shell. Cotton clothing is not recommended as it tends to hold water and pull heat from your body when soaked. Water wicking fleece or other material is best for warmth. Shoes, such as sport sandals, that won’t get waterlogged are suggested. Bring sun protection. And a good tip is to have a warm set of clothes to change into after your day on The River.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Food and Water\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Keeping yourself fueled and hydrated is important You will be on the river for a few hours without access to resources. Bring water and some snacks packed in watertight bags or a small cooler.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Communications\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cell phone coverage is spotty at best in this section of the Russian River but it is still recommended that you keep a cell phone handy in case of emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nearby Open Space Attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch2>Sonoma Coast State Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"Long sandy beaches below rugged headlands, a craggy coastline with natural arches and secluded coves are features that make \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=451\" target=\"_blank\">Sonoma Coast State Park\u003c/a> one of California's most scenic attractions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side of The River from Jenner, is Sonoma Coast State Park. Mostly known for its beaches, one of the highlights for those who love the outdoors is Pomo Canyon. A former Pomo-Miwok trade route, this 3 mile hike takes you from the redwood glens near Willow Creek, up and over the grassy hillside and down to the coast at Shell Beach. It's considered by many to be one of the prettiest hikes in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"The serene, majestic beauty of this Grove is a living reminder of the magnificent primeval redwood forest that covered much of this area before logging operations began during the 19th century.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over 800 acres of magnificent Sequoia sempervirens, commonly known as the Coast Redwood are preserved near Guerneville, CA. Armstrong Grove is a favorite place to escape the heat of summer and bask in the shade of an old growth forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ancient Coast Redwood is the tallest living thing in the world. Some coast redwoods are more than 2000 years old and tower over 350 feet. \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/default.asp?page_id=450\" target=\"_blank\">Armstrong Redwoods State Reserve\u003c/a> offers self-guided nature trails, a visitor's center and a variety of picnic facilities. The tallest tree you’ll encounter in the park is called the \"Parson Jones Tree\" measuring more than 310 feet in height. The oldest tree here is the stately \"Colonel Armstrong Tree,\" estimated to be over 1400 years old. It is named after a benevolent lumberman who chose to preserve this portion of the park in the 1870's. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a trail map, see:\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianrivertravel.com/assets/parks/armstrongmap1.gif\">http://www.russianrivertravel.com/assets/parks/armstrongmap1.gif\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Special thanks to Jenny Donovan and Rich Lawton of the California State Parks, Jessica Martini-Lamb of the Sonoma County Water Agency, as well as Michele Luna and Annie Cresswell from the Stewards of the Coast and Redwoods for assisting us on this project. And a special thanks to our guide, Suki Waters of WaterTreks EcoTours, for taking us on this wonderful paddle and showing us all that the Lower Russian River has to offer!\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cruising Down The River: A Paddle Exploration of the Lower Russian River\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4667172849/\" title=\"7f. Sunset Paddle on the Russian River by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4030/4667172849_bbb74055e5_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" alt=\"7f. Sunset Paddle on the Russian River\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>\"Rivers know this: there is no hurry. We shall get there some day.\"- A. A. Milne, Pooh's Little Instruction Book. Photo provided by George Scott Zastrow Photography\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River begins its ramblings in the northern California redwood forests of Mendocino County, gently flowing south through Sonoma County, past lush vineyards and the towns of Geyserville, Healdsburg and Guerneville, before turning and winding its way to the Pacific Ocean. The river is a popular summertime destination for Bay Area residents and is also home to a vibrant and diverse wildlife community. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the wildest spots on the main stem of the Russian River is near its mouth where the river meets the sea. Here at the estuary the waters widen and the influences of two dynamic ecosystems merge. We have explored estuary environments before, discovering their beauty, learning about the fluctuating environment, the impact of human interaction and the challenges of restoration. But for this Quest Exploration we trade in our walking sticks for kayak paddles. The only way to be fully immersed in the river environment is to take to the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A young steelhead jumps at a dragonfly, an Osprey lands in its nest above, a family of river otters frolics along the riverbanks. The river is a verdant but fragile part of California's natural heritage. Exploring the lower stretch of the Russian River, from Duncans Mills to Jenner, provides a micro-climate glimpse of the varied river terrain; winding from the warm inland mountains and forests, past breezy oaks, willows and grasslands, to fog-draped Tule marshes and coastal dunes. And as we slowly drift down the river, the aquatic ecosystems are changing too, from fresh to salty brackish water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/4667172551/\" title=\"5c. Russian River Tule Perch by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm5.static.flickr.com/4047/4667172551_2cdcba2541_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"180\" alt=\"5c. Russian River Tule Perch\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cem>The Russian River Tule Perch, (Hysterocarpus traskii pomo), is the only genetically endemic (biologically native) fish in the Russian River.\u003c/em> When we think of rivers we usually just think of the main stem, the stream we see flowing in the waterway. But rivers begin at the tops of mountains. The whole area of land that drains into a river is called the watershed. The Russian River watershed encompasses 1485 square miles of mountains and valleys, forests and agriculture, cities and towns, 95 percent of which is private property. All of the water running off this land makes its way into and down the 110 mile stretch of the main stem before finally meeting the Pacific Ocean at Jenner, California. The river supplies drinking water for over a half million people in Mendocino, Sonoma and Marin counties while during the summer it is also one of the most heavily used rivers for canoeing and kayaking in the nation. The river provides critical habitat for birds and other wildlife, as well as many species of fish including three endangered salmonid species and the endemic Russian River Tule Perch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area of the river that we are exploring is located within the coastal fog belt of the outer North Coast Ranges. Here cool, moist, maritime conditions contrast the warmer dryer continental climate of the inland watershed. Tree species such as Redwood (Sequoia sempervirens), Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) and Pacific Madrone (A. menziesii) dominate the forested landscape. The south-facing slopes and ridgelines are quilted with upland Coastal Prairie that serves as a reminder of the once vast and diverse grassland that stretched along the northern California Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Old-timers tell tales of the Russian River at a time when the redwood trees growing along the riverbanks were so huge, their branches stretched across the entire river, touching in the middle, and creating a shaded tunnel that the cool water gently flowed through. Today most of the big trees are long gone, but the second and third-growth timbers still provide homes for waterfowl, eagles, owls, osprey, heron and a host of other birdlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Native riparian plant communities support a high level of biological diversity and are particularly important to the life cycle of fish such as endangered salmon. The native vegetation also helps control erosion during the winter flood stages and can mitigate over-sedimentation of the river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On our paddle we glided past an osprey and great blue heron roosting site that is testament to a thriving river environment. In one 50-yard stretch we could see at least four large osprey nests, each with a courting pair calling out to one another as they were busy rearing this year's young brood. The success of these fish-eating raptors, at the top of the river food chain, is encouraging, showing a thriving food-web of fish and invertebrates in the aquatic ecosystem below the nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we enter the estuary and approach historic Penny Island, The river begins a transformation both readily seen and unseen. Scientists from the Sonoma County Water Agency and National Marine Fisheries Service are now actively studying this region. 12 data collection stations have been installed in the estuary, taking readings of the salinity and water temperature and measuring the levels of bacteria and oxygen in the river. The scientists are also working with the USGS to test for pharmaceuticals, heavy metals and wastewater residue in the estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russian River estuary has an incredibly rich biodiversity. Over 50 species of fish have been identified in the lagoon, including Chinook Salmon, Tule Perch, Starry Flounder, American Shad and Bay Pipefish. The estuary is a nursery and particularly important for fish such as young steelhead who use this area to grow and adapt to saltwater before entering the ocean. It's this mixing of two distinct ecosystems that makes the estuary environment so vibrant; a confluence of life where an upriver animal such as the Northern River Otter, might interact with an ocean species such as a harbor seal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the tale \"The Wind in the Willows\" Rat said of the river, \"It's my world, and I don't want any other. What it hasn't got is not worth having, and what it doesn't know is not worth knowing. Lord! The times we've had together!\" Ever changing, ever moving, always full of surprises, maybe the pre-Socratic philosopher Heraclitus said it best, \"you never set foot in the same river twice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join our \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1408535@N24\">Lower Russian River photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.russianriverwatershed.net/\">Russian River Watershed Council\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/jul-sep-2009/around-the-bend\">Bay Nature: Paddling the Russian River's Middle Reach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scwa.ca.gov/\">Sonoma County Water Agency\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.stewardsofthecoastandredwoods.org/\">Stewards of the Coast Redwoods\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/pulgas-water-temple-area-exploration/?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2605/4231850301_4fb21704e0.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>The Pulgas Water Temple was built at the terminus of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct as a monument to the new water system. It’s located within the watershed, just south of Crystal Springs reservoir. An inscription at the top reads, \"I give waters in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people,\" a biblical quote from Isaiah. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Peninsula Watershed, managed by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, is home to trails that offer access to remote wilderness, Northern California geology, and opportunities to enjoy ridge-top vistas of our watershed lands, reservoirs, the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trailhead Locations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pulgas Water Temple is located about one-half mile south of the Cañada Road trailhead. To get there, take Interstate 280 to the Edgewood Road exit. Proceed west on Edgewood Road to Cañada Road, then north on Cañada Road approximately two miles to the temple.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hours and Parking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pulgas Water Temple and its parking lot are open to the public on weekdays, Monday through Friday, 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM. That said, \u003cstrong>parking is limited to 30 minutes\u003c/strong> so if you wish to hike out from there, you'll probably want to have someone drop you off, ride your bike to the temple, or park at the intersection of Edgewood and La Cañada roads, about 1.7 miles down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parking lot is closed on weekends, except for permitted events. To obtain a permit for your wedding or group event, call the SFPUC at 650-872-5900.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nearby Open Space Attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The newly-opened portion of the SFPUC Peninsula Watershed’s Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail, accessible through guided tours, starts at Skyline Quarry on Highway 92 and extends northward to the watershed boundary at the Portola Ridge Gate, where it connects with the Golden Gate National Recreation Area trail system and the Sweeney Ridge section of the Bay Area Ridge Trail. For tour reservations, see trail.sfwater.org or call 650-652-3203.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The historic Sawyer Camp Trail-once a segment of the main route between San Francisco and Half Moon Bay-winds approximately six miles through SFPUC Watershed land from Crystal Springs Reservoir to San Andreas Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to John Fournet and Betsy Lauppe Rhodes of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, for assisting us on this project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hiking the Peninsula Watershed: Gaining a new view on water and resource conservation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2523/3749874911_c53cc0ae7e.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>Crystal Springs reservoir, a familiar sight from Interstate 280, has helped serve San Francisco’s water needs since it was dammed in the 1880s. The dam, made of interlocking concrete blocks, survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage. The four reservoirs of the Peninsula Watershed are in the valley created by the San Andreas fault.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It flows downhill for miles and miles until it reaches your tap. On its way, it passes towering fir forests, distinctive grasslands, and the habitat of many rare and endangered species. It's San Francisco's water, resting on the San Andreas fault, replenished constantly by the cycles of nature, and delivered to you via ingenious Civil War-era engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history and nature surrounding the San Francisco Peninsula Watershed make it much more than a pastiche of hillsides and reservoirs. The watershed, managed by the Public Utilities Commission, is home to trails that offer access to remote wilderness, Northern California geology, and unique opportunities to appreciate the complexity of providing 2.4 million people with a clean water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trails follow the outlines of reservoirs; others lead to hillside hikes that provide wide-angle views of the watershed. The Sawyer Camp trail, one of the most heavily used in the Bay Area, skirts the edges of Crystal Springs and San Andreas reservoirs, via a six-mile accessible paved path. At the northern edge of PUC land is the Sweeny Ridge trail, managed by the national park service, a 600-foot climb to sweeping views and a favorite with mountain bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visiting the two areas we've explored here on the QUEST website lends a dual understanding of the watershed and its simultaneous protection from and integration into the surrounding metro area. The Fifield-Cahill Ridge trail, in a carefully preserved area that includes old growth Douglas firs, demonstrates differing views of conservation measures taken over 15 decades. On the other side of interstate 280, a hike starting from the Pulgas Water Temple gives visitors a chance to ponder the enormity of the task of bringing water halfway across the state, downhill through the mountains, to a growing Bay Area population.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Fifield-Cahill Ridge trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2569/3750665226_f3abefef74.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>A stand of Monterey pines along the Fifiled-Cahill Ridge trail serve as a reminder of past conservation ethics, when ecologists deemed tree-planting as a most vital activity. Though they are from the nearby Monterey Bay region, these trees aren’t native to these more northern hills. They were likely planted in the 1930s, possibly to promote fog drip in the hopes that it would contribute to the reservoirs.\u003c/em> Running a 10-mile length through the area's many habitats, the Fifield-Cahill trail may be the watershed's most special excursion. It was closed to the public until 2003, and even now only parties of 20 or less are allowed, and must be accompanied by a trail guide. Why? It's all in the interest of preserving the habitat and resources here, and protecting the reservoirs from fire, erosion, and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can make reservations to explore the trail on foot, bicycle or horse by visiting \u003ca href=\"http://trail.sfwater.org\">trail.sfwater.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the trail, hikers get views of all four of the watershed's reservoirs, as well as a vista of the city, old-growth forests, and a chance to glimpse some rare and endangered species. These reservoirs were the impetus for establishing a protected wilderness here 150 years ago, and they've been vital to the development of San Francisco. Their dams were all built between 1860 and 1880, and survived the 1906 earthquake, despite their locations along the San Andreas fault line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landscape here is perfect for catching rainfall. Coastal marine layers move on shore over the hillsides, dumping lots of rain into the rift valley. The area around Pilarcitos reservoir can sometimes receive four or five times the rainfall of the airport, which is only 5 miles away. On their own, the four reservoirs—Upper and Lower Crystal Springs, Pilarcitos, and San Andreas—provides about ten percent of San Francisco's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Pulgas Water Temple and Sheep Camp trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2605/4231850301_4fb21704e0.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>The Pulgas Water Temple was built at the terminus of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct as a monument to the new water system. It’s located within the watershed, just south of Crystal Springs reservoir. An inscription at the top reads, “I give waters in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people,” a biblical quote from Isaiah. \u003c/em>So where does the rest of the city's vital H2O come from? The Pulgas Water Temple tells this part of the story, and a climb from the Temple to a nearby ridgetop affords broad brush views of the watershed, putting the whole water narrative together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco long ago outgrew its four reservoirs. In 1909, with memories of the '06 earthquake's unquenchable fires still vivid, the city of San Francisco purchased land in the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park with the intention to dam the Tuolomie river. The next year, the city voted to build the dam and a 160-mile-long system to carry the water from the mountains to the San Andreas valley, and in 1913 Congress allowed the construction. The effort expended was enormous: $45 million dollars, twenty years of construction, a few deaths and a great deal of politics. In 1934, the first rush of Hetch Hetchy water flowed through the gravity-driven tunnel system, across the California's central valley. It swooshed through the base of the Pulgas Water Temple and into nearby Crystal Springs reservoir while San Franciscans cheered, and some conservationists frowned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2668/4134114633_cc78c13947.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>Signs at the start of the Sheep Camp trail let visitors know that this is protected land. \u003c/em>The ascension up Sheep Camp trail connects the Hetchy water to its final destination. Climbing to the ridge top east of 280, hikers pass through coastal oak scrub, until reaching the viewpoint. Here, you can see across the valley, taking in Crystal Springs reservoir and the pine and fir stands that the Fifield-Cahill trail passes through, Trekkers with a fondness for geology will appreciate this scene: the reservoir in view sits atop the San Andreas fault, meaning that a hiker here is standing on one tectonic plate and looking out at another, the distant hills moving southward, ever so slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to see two tectonic plates isn't entirely uncommon in the Bay Area. But this vista brings together so much more: an illustration of how humans have made use of the valley created by these plate movements, and harnessed the landscape's natural slope and the resources in the mountains hundreds of miles east, all with the purpose of providing water—California's original gold—to the people who flock here for the very magic this set of hikes offers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join our \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1327110@N23\">Pulgas Water Temple Area photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/mto_main.cfm/MC_ID/20/MSC_ID/177/MTO_ID/308\">Pulgas Water Temple\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/pulgas-water-temple-area-exploration/?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2605/4231850301_4fb21704e0.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>The Pulgas Water Temple was built at the terminus of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct as a monument to the new water system. It’s located within the watershed, just south of Crystal Springs reservoir. An inscription at the top reads, \"I give waters in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people,\" a biblical quote from Isaiah. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Peninsula Watershed, managed by the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, is home to trails that offer access to remote wilderness, Northern California geology, and opportunities to enjoy ridge-top vistas of our watershed lands, reservoirs, the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trailhead Locations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pulgas Water Temple is located about one-half mile south of the Cañada Road trailhead. To get there, take Interstate 280 to the Edgewood Road exit. Proceed west on Edgewood Road to Cañada Road, then north on Cañada Road approximately two miles to the temple.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hours and Parking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pulgas Water Temple and its parking lot are open to the public on weekdays, Monday through Friday, 9:00 AM to 4:00 PM. That said, \u003cstrong>parking is limited to 30 minutes\u003c/strong> so if you wish to hike out from there, you'll probably want to have someone drop you off, ride your bike to the temple, or park at the intersection of Edgewood and La Cañada roads, about 1.7 miles down the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parking lot is closed on weekends, except for permitted events. To obtain a permit for your wedding or group event, call the SFPUC at 650-872-5900.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Nearby Open Space Attractions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The newly-opened portion of the SFPUC Peninsula Watershed’s Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail, accessible through guided tours, starts at Skyline Quarry on Highway 92 and extends northward to the watershed boundary at the Portola Ridge Gate, where it connects with the Golden Gate National Recreation Area trail system and the Sweeney Ridge section of the Bay Area Ridge Trail. For tour reservations, see trail.sfwater.org or call 650-652-3203.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The historic Sawyer Camp Trail-once a segment of the main route between San Francisco and Half Moon Bay-winds approximately six miles through SFPUC Watershed land from Crystal Springs Reservoir to San Andreas Lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to John Fournet and Betsy Lauppe Rhodes of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, for assisting us on this project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hiking the Peninsula Watershed: Gaining a new view on water and resource conservation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2523/3749874911_c53cc0ae7e.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>Crystal Springs reservoir, a familiar sight from Interstate 280, has helped serve San Francisco’s water needs since it was dammed in the 1880s. The dam, made of interlocking concrete blocks, survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage. The four reservoirs of the Peninsula Watershed are in the valley created by the San Andreas fault.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It flows downhill for miles and miles until it reaches your tap. On its way, it passes towering fir forests, distinctive grasslands, and the habitat of many rare and endangered species. It's San Francisco's water, resting on the San Andreas fault, replenished constantly by the cycles of nature, and delivered to you via ingenious Civil War-era engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history and nature surrounding the San Francisco Peninsula Watershed make it much more than a pastiche of hillsides and reservoirs. The watershed, managed by the Public Utilities Commission, is home to trails that offer access to remote wilderness, Northern California geology, and unique opportunities to appreciate the complexity of providing 2.4 million people with a clean water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trails follow the outlines of reservoirs; others lead to hillside hikes that provide wide-angle views of the watershed. The Sawyer Camp trail, one of the most heavily used in the Bay Area, skirts the edges of Crystal Springs and San Andreas reservoirs, via a six-mile accessible paved path. At the northern edge of PUC land is the Sweeny Ridge trail, managed by the national park service, a 600-foot climb to sweeping views and a favorite with mountain bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visiting the two areas we've explored here on the QUEST website lends a dual understanding of the watershed and its simultaneous protection from and integration into the surrounding metro area. The Fifield-Cahill Ridge trail, in a carefully preserved area that includes old growth Douglas firs, demonstrates differing views of conservation measures taken over 15 decades. On the other side of interstate 280, a hike starting from the Pulgas Water Temple gives visitors a chance to ponder the enormity of the task of bringing water halfway across the state, downhill through the mountains, to a growing Bay Area population.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Fifield-Cahill Ridge trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2569/3750665226_f3abefef74.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>A stand of Monterey pines along the Fifiled-Cahill Ridge trail serve as a reminder of past conservation ethics, when ecologists deemed tree-planting as a most vital activity. Though they are from the nearby Monterey Bay region, these trees aren’t native to these more northern hills. They were likely planted in the 1930s, possibly to promote fog drip in the hopes that it would contribute to the reservoirs.\u003c/em> Running a 10-mile length through the area's many habitats, the Fifield-Cahill trail may be the watershed's most special excursion. It was closed to the public until 2003, and even now only parties of 20 or less are allowed, and must be accompanied by a trail guide. Why? It's all in the interest of preserving the habitat and resources here, and protecting the reservoirs from fire, erosion, and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can make reservations to explore the trail on foot, bicycle or horse by visiting \u003ca href=\"http://trail.sfwater.org\">trail.sfwater.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the trail, hikers get views of all four of the watershed's reservoirs, as well as a vista of the city, old-growth forests, and a chance to glimpse some rare and endangered species. These reservoirs were the impetus for establishing a protected wilderness here 150 years ago, and they've been vital to the development of San Francisco. Their dams were all built between 1860 and 1880, and survived the 1906 earthquake, despite their locations along the San Andreas fault line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landscape here is perfect for catching rainfall. Coastal marine layers move on shore over the hillsides, dumping lots of rain into the rift valley. The area around Pilarcitos reservoir can sometimes receive four or five times the rainfall of the airport, which is only 5 miles away. On their own, the four reservoirs—Upper and Lower Crystal Springs, Pilarcitos, and San Andreas—provides about ten percent of San Francisco's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Pulgas Water Temple and Sheep Camp trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2605/4231850301_4fb21704e0.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>The Pulgas Water Temple was built at the terminus of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct as a monument to the new water system. It’s located within the watershed, just south of Crystal Springs reservoir. An inscription at the top reads, “I give waters in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people,” a biblical quote from Isaiah. \u003c/em>So where does the rest of the city's vital H2O come from? The Pulgas Water Temple tells this part of the story, and a climb from the Temple to a nearby ridgetop affords broad brush views of the watershed, putting the whole water narrative together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco long ago outgrew its four reservoirs. In 1909, with memories of the '06 earthquake's unquenchable fires still vivid, the city of San Francisco purchased land in the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park with the intention to dam the Tuolomie river. The next year, the city voted to build the dam and a 160-mile-long system to carry the water from the mountains to the San Andreas valley, and in 1913 Congress allowed the construction. The effort expended was enormous: $45 million dollars, twenty years of construction, a few deaths and a great deal of politics. In 1934, the first rush of Hetch Hetchy water flowed through the gravity-driven tunnel system, across the California's central valley. It swooshed through the base of the Pulgas Water Temple and into nearby Crystal Springs reservoir while San Franciscans cheered, and some conservationists frowned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2668/4134114633_cc78c13947.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>Signs at the start of the Sheep Camp trail let visitors know that this is protected land. \u003c/em>The ascension up Sheep Camp trail connects the Hetchy water to its final destination. Climbing to the ridge top east of 280, hikers pass through coastal oak scrub, until reaching the viewpoint. Here, you can see across the valley, taking in Crystal Springs reservoir and the pine and fir stands that the Fifield-Cahill trail passes through, Trekkers with a fondness for geology will appreciate this scene: the reservoir in view sits atop the San Andreas fault, meaning that a hiker here is standing on one tectonic plate and looking out at another, the distant hills moving southward, ever so slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to see two tectonic plates isn't entirely uncommon in the Bay Area. But this vista brings together so much more: an illustration of how humans have made use of the valley created by these plate movements, and harnessed the landscape's natural slope and the resources in the mountains hundreds of miles east, all with the purpose of providing water—California's original gold—to the people who flock here for the very magic this set of hikes offers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join our \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1327110@N23\">Pulgas Water Temple Area photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/mto_main.cfm/MC_ID/20/MSC_ID/177/MTO_ID/308\">Pulgas Water Temple\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Angel Island",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/angel-island-science-hike/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/angel_island_exploration300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of San Francisco Bay sits Angel Island State Park, offering spectacular views of the San Francisco skyline, the Marin Headlands and Mount Tamalpais. The island is also alive with history. Three thousand years ago the island was a fishing and hunting site for Coastal Miwok Indians. It was later a haven for Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala, a cattle ranch, and a U.S. Army post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1910 to 1940, the island processed hundreds of thousands of immigrants, the majority from China. During World War II, Japanese, and German POWs were held on the island, which was also used as a jumping-off point for American soldiers returning from the Pacific. In the '50s and '60s, the island was home to a Nike missile base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there is one automated active Coast Guard station - at Point Blunt - on the island (this area is off limits). Angel Island became a State Park in 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 12, 2008, Angel Island was ravaged by a wildfire. In just 2 days, 303 acres went up in smoke. We're visiting the island a year later to see how the land is recovering and learn how the fire helped one scientist unearth a bit of the island's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting There\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Access to the Island is by private boat or public ferry from San Francisco, Tiburon and seasonal service from Oakland and Alameda. There is limited weekday ferry service to Angel Island during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several ferries are available during the peak season to take you to Angel Island:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland/Alameda Ferry\u003cbr>San Francisco Ferry\u003cbr>415-773-1188\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.blueandgoldfleet.com/\">http://www.blueandgoldfleet.com/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel Island-Tiburon Ferry\u003cbr>415-435-2131 \u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.angelislandferry.com\">www.angelislandferry.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tram Tours\u003cbr>415-897-0715\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.angelisland.com\">www.angelisland.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please be advised, Angel Island SP is one of the few California State Parks that does not accept the Annual Day Use Pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Operating Hours\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>High Season\u003cbr>8:00am to Sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low Season\u003cbr>8:00am to Sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More Information\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=468\">Angel Island State Park Home Page\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Breck Parkman, Senior State Archaeologist for California State Parks and Silvia Lange, Docent at Angel Island State Park for assisting us on this project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Doll parts, broken bottles, and buttons: Archaeology of Angel Island after the fire of October, 2008\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While Angel Island has had few lifelong residents (human ones, anyway), there are plenty of folks who have spent long stretches of time there. From the time of the Civil War until World War II, there was a consistent presence of military men and their families stationed on the island, During their stays, these visitors managed to drop, discard, or leave behind many interesting traces of themselves. Senior State Archaeologist Breck Parkman has been sifting through artifacts on Angel Island for over 25 years, piecing together stories of the lives lived on this 700 acre patch of land in the middle of San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/breck_doll_leg300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>The leg of a century-old ceramic doll recovered from a dump on Angel Island that was made visible by the Oct. 2008 fire. Photo: Breck Parkman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 12, 2008, a fire that started in one of the island's campgrounds burned just under half of Angel Island's acreage. Fires, of course, can be very destructive. But for an archaeologist, they can also be magically revealing, burning off foliage that may have long covered objects and impacts left behind by previous visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, none of the historic buildings on Angel Island were lost. Instead, the fire burned away grasses and shrubs, exposing some features that archaeologists like Parkman had suspected were there, as well as uncovering some new surprises.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Lay of the Land\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some of the most readily visible findings were on the surface of Angel Island's landscape, bared and blackened after the fire. In an area on the southern side of island, long dubbed \"Alcatraz gardens,\" Parkman was surprised to find terraces and pipes that had been hidden for decades under the grassy groundcover. \"It was one of the more dramatic things we saw after the fire, because with the grass burned, you could actually see landform,\" he recounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/sylvia_moonscape_golds_rusts2-300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>Vegetation burned to the ground in the area near East Garrison and other parts of the island, exposing landscapes that had previously been invisible. Photo: Silvia Lange\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12 or so acres that was used to grow food for staff and prisoners at Alcatraz Island (there was no suitable soil for growing food on \"The Rock.\") is hard to see now that the grass has returned. But after the fire, Parkman saw terrace after terrace, with water lines feeding them. \"You can see that this was a really flourishing garden for years that's now fallen into disrepair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/breck_bot300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>A beer bottle found hidden in some rocks along with several other bottles. The brewery imprinted on the glass closed in 1900, so the bottle is likely from the 1890s. Photo: Breck Parkman\u003c/em>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the newly bared surface of the island the fire also exposed several spots that had hidden collections of liquor bottles dating from the Spanish American war and World War II. Parkman sees these piles of bottles as an indication of boredom. Like the inmates at Alcatraz, enlisted men on Angel Island could feel very isolated, with their view of a twinkling city that they couldn't visit. \"I saw gross boredom in the archaeological record,\" he says. \"Men who spent years here felt like they were in prison.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bit more mysterious is a stash of broken milk bottles revealed by the fire. Perhaps they held some alcohol smuggled onto the island? The story behind them will remain unknown for the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\"The small things forgotten\"\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Parkman found an even bigger treasure trove of new objects when he began digging below the scarred surface of Angel Island. He's long suspected there was a military dump near Camp Reynolds (waypoint 2 on the map), but he'd been unable to find it, despite numerous searches. It was the first place he came after the fire, and to his delight, Parkman found the site littered with thousands of artifacts, including buttons, hardware from clocks, belt buckles and heaps of glass and ceramic shards. Spent military cartridges dated the site back to the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/breck_mop300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>A mother-of-pearl brooch from the late 19th century dump. Probably belonging to an officer's wife, it is some of the evidence of the family life of military men stationed on the island. Photo: Breck Parkman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he'd worked on the island for decades, this was his first encounter with an abundance of items that demonstrated the presence of women and children: doll parts, miniature tea cups, a mother-of-pearl brooch. \"This is the first time I really saw gender in the archaeological record,\" he notes. \"There are artifacts that only children would use. The wives' artifacts were there, as well as things from the women who worked there, the house help.\" These items show that the dump was used by officers, and Parkman wonders whether the dump used by the enlisted men would look different, with bones from different cuts of meat, or shards from lower quality dishes. He won\"t be able to answer that question, though, until he finds where the enlisted men left their dregs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A dump is sort of like a hidden collection of knowledge,\" Parkman says. He quotes anthropology professor James Deetz, calling these objects \"the small things forgotten\" in early American life. It's in a dump where you find those remnants of everyday existence. \"As archaeologists, we're interested in the physical remains of culture,\" he says. \"I\"m looking at cultural landforms and artifacts that tell a story of how we've lived with this land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in all, the fire allowed Parkman to locate 13 new archaeological sites on Angel Island. \"People say, 'What did you discover?' and I say I discovered bits and pieces. But that's really a no-brainer at a historic site after a fire. What's really interesting to me is that I've researched this island for years and I didn't know a lot of things I know now because of the fire.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/21804895@N00\">Angel Island photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Credits\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Video captured by Chris Bauer, audio & article by Robin Marks. Editing & photos by Craig Rosa. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos provided by Breck Parkman & Silvia Lange. Additional images used by permission via Creative Commons from these flickr.com users: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jameshome/\">jameshome2\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincollins/\">kevin\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tomhilton/\">Tom Hilton\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/25736628@N07/\">orangeblacklove\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/Willivolt/\">Willivolt\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jesse/\">jesse_wagstaff\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/marymaddux/\">marymaddux6272\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/lydiat/\">lydiat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=468\">Angel Island State Park\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23542\">Bio: Breck Parkman, Senior State Archaeologist\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=3482&id=100000209004235&l=e740e18b72\">Angel Island Archaeology - Post-Fire Survey Photo Gallery\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On October 12, 2008, Angel Island was ravaged by a wildfire. In just 2 days, 303 acres went up in smoke. We're visiting the island a year later to see how the land is recovering and learn how the fire helped one scientist unearth a bit if the island's history.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/angel-island-science-hike/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/angel_island_exploration300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the middle of San Francisco Bay sits Angel Island State Park, offering spectacular views of the San Francisco skyline, the Marin Headlands and Mount Tamalpais. The island is also alive with history. Three thousand years ago the island was a fishing and hunting site for Coastal Miwok Indians. It was later a haven for Spanish explorer Juan Manuel de Ayala, a cattle ranch, and a U.S. Army post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1910 to 1940, the island processed hundreds of thousands of immigrants, the majority from China. During World War II, Japanese, and German POWs were held on the island, which was also used as a jumping-off point for American soldiers returning from the Pacific. In the '50s and '60s, the island was home to a Nike missile base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, there is one automated active Coast Guard station - at Point Blunt - on the island (this area is off limits). Angel Island became a State Park in 1954.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 12, 2008, Angel Island was ravaged by a wildfire. In just 2 days, 303 acres went up in smoke. We're visiting the island a year later to see how the land is recovering and learn how the fire helped one scientist unearth a bit of the island's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Getting There\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Access to the Island is by private boat or public ferry from San Francisco, Tiburon and seasonal service from Oakland and Alameda. There is limited weekday ferry service to Angel Island during the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several ferries are available during the peak season to take you to Angel Island:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland/Alameda Ferry\u003cbr>San Francisco Ferry\u003cbr>415-773-1188\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.blueandgoldfleet.com/\">http://www.blueandgoldfleet.com/\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angel Island-Tiburon Ferry\u003cbr>415-435-2131 \u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.angelislandferry.com\">www.angelislandferry.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tram Tours\u003cbr>415-897-0715\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.angelisland.com\">www.angelisland.com\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please be advised, Angel Island SP is one of the few California State Parks that does not accept the Annual Day Use Pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Operating Hours\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>High Season\u003cbr>8:00am to Sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Low Season\u003cbr>8:00am to Sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More Information\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=468\">Angel Island State Park Home Page\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Breck Parkman, Senior State Archaeologist for California State Parks and Silvia Lange, Docent at Angel Island State Park for assisting us on this project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Doll parts, broken bottles, and buttons: Archaeology of Angel Island after the fire of October, 2008\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While Angel Island has had few lifelong residents (human ones, anyway), there are plenty of folks who have spent long stretches of time there. From the time of the Civil War until World War II, there was a consistent presence of military men and their families stationed on the island, During their stays, these visitors managed to drop, discard, or leave behind many interesting traces of themselves. Senior State Archaeologist Breck Parkman has been sifting through artifacts on Angel Island for over 25 years, piecing together stories of the lives lived on this 700 acre patch of land in the middle of San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/breck_doll_leg300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>The leg of a century-old ceramic doll recovered from a dump on Angel Island that was made visible by the Oct. 2008 fire. Photo: Breck Parkman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On October 12, 2008, a fire that started in one of the island's campgrounds burned just under half of Angel Island's acreage. Fires, of course, can be very destructive. But for an archaeologist, they can also be magically revealing, burning off foliage that may have long covered objects and impacts left behind by previous visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, none of the historic buildings on Angel Island were lost. Instead, the fire burned away grasses and shrubs, exposing some features that archaeologists like Parkman had suspected were there, as well as uncovering some new surprises.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Lay of the Land\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some of the most readily visible findings were on the surface of Angel Island's landscape, bared and blackened after the fire. In an area on the southern side of island, long dubbed \"Alcatraz gardens,\" Parkman was surprised to find terraces and pipes that had been hidden for decades under the grassy groundcover. \"It was one of the more dramatic things we saw after the fire, because with the grass burned, you could actually see landform,\" he recounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/sylvia_moonscape_golds_rusts2-300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cem>Vegetation burned to the ground in the area near East Garrison and other parts of the island, exposing landscapes that had previously been invisible. Photo: Silvia Lange\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 12 or so acres that was used to grow food for staff and prisoners at Alcatraz Island (there was no suitable soil for growing food on \"The Rock.\") is hard to see now that the grass has returned. But after the fire, Parkman saw terrace after terrace, with water lines feeding them. \"You can see that this was a really flourishing garden for years that's now fallen into disrepair.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/breck_bot300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>A beer bottle found hidden in some rocks along with several other bottles. The brewery imprinted on the glass closed in 1900, so the bottle is likely from the 1890s. Photo: Breck Parkman\u003c/em>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the newly bared surface of the island the fire also exposed several spots that had hidden collections of liquor bottles dating from the Spanish American war and World War II. Parkman sees these piles of bottles as an indication of boredom. Like the inmates at Alcatraz, enlisted men on Angel Island could feel very isolated, with their view of a twinkling city that they couldn't visit. \"I saw gross boredom in the archaeological record,\" he says. \"Men who spent years here felt like they were in prison.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bit more mysterious is a stash of broken milk bottles revealed by the fire. Perhaps they held some alcohol smuggled onto the island? The story behind them will remain unknown for the moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\"The small things forgotten\"\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Parkman found an even bigger treasure trove of new objects when he began digging below the scarred surface of Angel Island. He's long suspected there was a military dump near Camp Reynolds (waypoint 2 on the map), but he'd been unable to find it, despite numerous searches. It was the first place he came after the fire, and to his delight, Parkman found the site littered with thousands of artifacts, including buttons, hardware from clocks, belt buckles and heaps of glass and ceramic shards. Spent military cartridges dated the site back to the 1870s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/breck_mop300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>A mother-of-pearl brooch from the late 19th century dump. Probably belonging to an officer's wife, it is some of the evidence of the family life of military men stationed on the island. Photo: Breck Parkman\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he'd worked on the island for decades, this was his first encounter with an abundance of items that demonstrated the presence of women and children: doll parts, miniature tea cups, a mother-of-pearl brooch. \"This is the first time I really saw gender in the archaeological record,\" he notes. \"There are artifacts that only children would use. The wives' artifacts were there, as well as things from the women who worked there, the house help.\" These items show that the dump was used by officers, and Parkman wonders whether the dump used by the enlisted men would look different, with bones from different cuts of meat, or shards from lower quality dishes. He won\"t be able to answer that question, though, until he finds where the enlisted men left their dregs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A dump is sort of like a hidden collection of knowledge,\" Parkman says. He quotes anthropology professor James Deetz, calling these objects \"the small things forgotten\" in early American life. It's in a dump where you find those remnants of everyday existence. \"As archaeologists, we're interested in the physical remains of culture,\" he says. \"I\"m looking at cultural landforms and artifacts that tell a story of how we've lived with this land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in all, the fire allowed Parkman to locate 13 new archaeological sites on Angel Island. \"People say, 'What did you discover?' and I say I discovered bits and pieces. But that's really a no-brainer at a historic site after a fire. What's really interesting to me is that I've researched this island for years and I didn't know a lot of things I know now because of the fire.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/21804895@N00\">Angel Island photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Credits\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Video captured by Chris Bauer, audio & article by Robin Marks. Editing & photos by Craig Rosa. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos provided by Breck Parkman & Silvia Lange. Additional images used by permission via Creative Commons from these flickr.com users: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jameshome/\">jameshome2\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kevincollins/\">kevin\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/tomhilton/\">Tom Hilton\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/25736628@N07/\">orangeblacklove\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/Willivolt/\">Willivolt\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/jesse/\">jesse_wagstaff\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/marymaddux/\">marymaddux6272\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/lydiat/\">lydiat\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=468\">Angel Island State Park\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=23542\">Bio: Breck Parkman, Senior State Archaeologist\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=3482&id=100000209004235&l=e740e18b72\">Angel Island Archaeology - Post-Fire Survey Photo Gallery\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring the Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail",
"title": "Exploring the Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/fifield-cahill-ridge-trail-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\t \t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/span> Local nature lovers can enjoy the rare opportunity to hike, bike, or ride their horses through pristine stands of old growth Douglas Fir, evergreen and fragrant coastal scrub while enjoying ridge-top vistas of our watershed lands, reservoirs, the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. Although this trail is not open for walk-in use by the general public, trained volunteer trail leaders head excursions three days a week.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://trail.sfwater.org/\">[Make a Reservation]\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trailhead Locations\u003c/h3>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Skyline Quarry – access to this trail head is at Skyline Quarry Gate, which is 0.7 miles west of the intersection of Lower Skyline Boulevard and Highway 92. Look for the sign. Drive westbound on California Highway 92 crossing under Interstate 280. The \"T\" intersection before you cross the reservoir is Lower Skyline Boulevard. Go straight through it. Remain on Highway 92 crossing over the reservoir. After you have passed the reservoir drive approximately .5 mile. Look for a gate on the north side of Highway 92. Enter through the gate. Drive .5 mile to the parking area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cemetery Gate – access via Skylawn Cemetery.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Portola Gate – access via Army Road from the terminus of Sneath Lane. \u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch3>Activities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trail excursions on foot, bicycle, or horseback.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trail Length\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trail is 10 miles long and is the SFPUC-managed segment of the Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail from Highway 92 to Sweeney Ridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trail Connections\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fifield-Cahill Ridge connects with the 3.7 miles of the Sweeney Ridge Trail open to the public. Visitors interested in connecting their trek on the Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail with Sweeney Ridge can contact the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trail Condition\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The trail is a gravel service road, with periods of loose base rock. Grades range from 0% to 21%. The steepest grade stretches 1.3 miles from Skyline Quarry (elevation 400 ft.) to Cemetery Gate (elevation 1,050 ft.) on Cahill Ridge, with a vertical elevation change of 650 ft.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Approximately 5-7 hours to complete the entire 10 miles on foot, with shorter events to be scheduled as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to John Fournet and Betsy Lauppe Rhodes of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, for assisting us on this project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hiking the Peninsula Watershed: Gaining a new view on water and resource conservation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2523/3749874911_c53cc0ae7e.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> Crystal Springs reservoir, a familiar sight from Interstate 280, has helped serve San Francisco’s water needs since it was dammed in the 1880s. The dam, made of interlocking concrete blocks, survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage. The four reservoirs of the Peninsula Watershed are in the valley created by the San Andreas fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It flows downhill for miles and miles until it reaches your tap. On its way, it passes towering fir forests, distinctive grasslands, and the habitat of many rare and endangered species. It's San Francisco's water, resting on the San Andreas fault, replenished constantly by the cycles of nature, and delivered to you via ingenious Civil War-era engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history and nature surrounding the San Francisco Peninsula Watershed make it much more than a pastiche of hillsides and reservoirs. The watershed, managed by the Public Utilities Commission, is home to trails that offer access to remote wilderness, Northern California geology, and unique opportunities to appreciate the complexity of providing 2.4 million people with a clean water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trails follow the outlines of reservoirs; others lead to hillside hikes that provide wide-angle views of the watershed. The Sawyer Camp trail, one of the most heavily used in the Bay Area, skirts the edges of Crystal Springs and San Andreas reservoirs, via a six-mile accessible paved path. At the northern edge of PUC land is the Sweeny Ridge trail, managed by the national park service, a 600-foot climb to sweeping views and a favorite with mountain bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visiting the two areas we've explored here on the QUEST website lends a dual understanding of the watershed and its simultaneous protection from and integration into the surrounding metro area. The Fifield-Cahill Ridge trail, in a carefully preserved area that includes old growth Douglas firs, demonstrates differing views of conservation measures taken over 15 decades. On the other side of interstate 280, a hike starting from the Pulgas Water Temple gives visitors a chance to ponder the enormity of the task of bringing water halfway across the state, downhill through the mountains, to a growing Bay Area population.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2569/3750665226_f3abefef74.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> A stand of Monterey pines along the Fifiled-Cahill Ridge trail serve as a reminder of past conservation ethics, when ecologists deemed tree-planting as a most vital activity. Though they are from the nearby Monterey Bay region, these trees aren’t native to these more northern hills. They were likely planted in the 1930s, possibly to promote fog drip in the hopes that it would contribute to the reservoirs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Running a 10-mile length through the area's many habitats, the Fifield-Cahill trail may be the watershed's most special excursion. It was closed to the public until 2003, and even now only parties of 20 or less are allowed, and must be accompanied by a trail guide. Why? It's all in the interest of preserving the habitat and resources here, and protecting the reservoirs from fire, erosion, and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can make reservations to explore the trail on foot, bicycle or horse by visiting \u003ca href=\"http://trail.sfwater.org\">trail.sfwater.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the trail, hikers get views of all four of the watershed's reservoirs, as well as a vista of the city, old-growth forests, and a chance to glimpse some rare and endangered species. These reservoirs were the impetus for establishing a protected wilderness here 150 years ago, and they've been vital to the development of San Francisco. Their dams were all built between 1860 and 1880, and survived the 1906 earthquake, despite their locations along the San Andreas fault line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landscape here is perfect for catching rainfall. Coastal marine layers move on shore over the hillsides, dumping lots of rain into the rift valley. The area around Pilarcitos reservoir can sometimes receive four or five times the rainfall of the airport, which is only 5 miles away. On their own, the four reservoirs—Upper and Lower Crystal Springs, Pilarcitos, and San Andreas—provides about ten percent of San Francisco's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Pulgas Water Temple and Sheep Camp trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2605/4231850301_4fb21704e0.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> The Pulgas Water Temple was built at the terminus of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct as a monument to the new water system. It’s located within the watershed, just south of Crystal Springs reservoir. An inscription at the top reads, “I give waters in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people,” a biblical quote from Isaiah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does the rest of the city's vital H2O come from? The Pulgas Water Temple tells this part of the story, and a climb from the Temple to a nearby ridgetop affords broad brush views of the watershed, putting the whole water narrative together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco long ago outgrew its four reservoirs. In 1909, with memories of the '06 earthquake's unquenchable fires still vivid, the city of San Francisco purchased land in the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park with the intention to dam the Tuolomie river. The next year, the city voted to build the dam and a 160-mile-long system to carry the water from the mountains to the San Andreas valley, and in 1913 Congress allowed the construction. The effort expended was enormous: $45 million dollars, twenty years of construction, a few deaths and a great deal of politics. In 1934, the first rush of Hetch Hetchy water flowed through the gravity-driven tunnel system, across the California's central valley. It swooshed through the base of the Pulgas Water Temple and into nearby Crystal Springs reservoir while San Franciscans cheered, and some conservationists frowned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2668/4134114633_cc78c13947.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> Signs at the start of the Sheep Camp trail let visitors know that this is protected land. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ascension up Sheep Camp trail connects the Hetchy water to its final destination. Climbing to the ridge top east of 280, hikers pass through coastal oak scrub, until reaching the viewpoint. Here, you can see across the valley, taking in Crystal Springs reservoir and the pine and fir stands that the Fifield-Cahill trail passes through, Trekkers with a fondness for geology will appreciate this scene: the reservoir in view sits atop the San Andreas fault, meaning that a hiker here is standing on one tectonic plate and looking out at another, the distant hills moving southward, ever so slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to see two tectonic plates isn't entirely uncommon in the Bay Area. But this vista brings together so much more: an illustration of how humans have made use of the valley created by these plate movements, and harnessed the landscape's natural slope and the resources in the mountains hundreds of miles east, all with the purpose of providing water—California's original gold—to the people who flock here for the very magic this set of hikes offers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1199541@N23\">Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/msc_main.cfm/MC_ID/20/MSC_ID/176\">SFWATER.ORG : Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/fifield-cahill-ridge-trail-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\t \t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/span> Local nature lovers can enjoy the rare opportunity to hike, bike, or ride their horses through pristine stands of old growth Douglas Fir, evergreen and fragrant coastal scrub while enjoying ridge-top vistas of our watershed lands, reservoirs, the Pacific Ocean and San Francisco Bay. Although this trail is not open for walk-in use by the general public, trained volunteer trail leaders head excursions three days a week.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://trail.sfwater.org/\">[Make a Reservation]\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trailhead Locations\u003c/h3>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Skyline Quarry – access to this trail head is at Skyline Quarry Gate, which is 0.7 miles west of the intersection of Lower Skyline Boulevard and Highway 92. Look for the sign. Drive westbound on California Highway 92 crossing under Interstate 280. The \"T\" intersection before you cross the reservoir is Lower Skyline Boulevard. Go straight through it. Remain on Highway 92 crossing over the reservoir. After you have passed the reservoir drive approximately .5 mile. Look for a gate on the north side of Highway 92. Enter through the gate. Drive .5 mile to the parking area.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Cemetery Gate – access via Skylawn Cemetery.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Portola Gate – access via Army Road from the terminus of Sneath Lane. \u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003ch3>Activities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trail excursions on foot, bicycle, or horseback.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trail Length\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Trail is 10 miles long and is the SFPUC-managed segment of the Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail from Highway 92 to Sweeney Ridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trail Connections\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Fifield-Cahill Ridge connects with the 3.7 miles of the Sweeney Ridge Trail open to the public. Visitors interested in connecting their trek on the Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail with Sweeney Ridge can contact the Golden Gate National Recreation Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trail Condition\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The trail is a gravel service road, with periods of loose base rock. Grades range from 0% to 21%. The steepest grade stretches 1.3 miles from Skyline Quarry (elevation 400 ft.) to Cemetery Gate (elevation 1,050 ft.) on Cahill Ridge, with a vertical elevation change of 650 ft.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Time\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Approximately 5-7 hours to complete the entire 10 miles on foot, with shorter events to be scheduled as needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to John Fournet and Betsy Lauppe Rhodes of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, for assisting us on this project.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hiking the Peninsula Watershed: Gaining a new view on water and resource conservation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2523/3749874911_c53cc0ae7e.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> Crystal Springs reservoir, a familiar sight from Interstate 280, has helped serve San Francisco’s water needs since it was dammed in the 1880s. The dam, made of interlocking concrete blocks, survived the 1906 earthquake with little damage. The four reservoirs of the Peninsula Watershed are in the valley created by the San Andreas fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It flows downhill for miles and miles until it reaches your tap. On its way, it passes towering fir forests, distinctive grasslands, and the habitat of many rare and endangered species. It's San Francisco's water, resting on the San Andreas fault, replenished constantly by the cycles of nature, and delivered to you via ingenious Civil War-era engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The history and nature surrounding the San Francisco Peninsula Watershed make it much more than a pastiche of hillsides and reservoirs. The watershed, managed by the Public Utilities Commission, is home to trails that offer access to remote wilderness, Northern California geology, and unique opportunities to appreciate the complexity of providing 2.4 million people with a clean water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trails follow the outlines of reservoirs; others lead to hillside hikes that provide wide-angle views of the watershed. The Sawyer Camp trail, one of the most heavily used in the Bay Area, skirts the edges of Crystal Springs and San Andreas reservoirs, via a six-mile accessible paved path. At the northern edge of PUC land is the Sweeny Ridge trail, managed by the national park service, a 600-foot climb to sweeping views and a favorite with mountain bikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visiting the two areas we've explored here on the QUEST website lends a dual understanding of the watershed and its simultaneous protection from and integration into the surrounding metro area. The Fifield-Cahill Ridge trail, in a carefully preserved area that includes old growth Douglas firs, demonstrates differing views of conservation measures taken over 15 decades. On the other side of interstate 280, a hike starting from the Pulgas Water Temple gives visitors a chance to ponder the enormity of the task of bringing water halfway across the state, downhill through the mountains, to a growing Bay Area population.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2569/3750665226_f3abefef74.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> A stand of Monterey pines along the Fifiled-Cahill Ridge trail serve as a reminder of past conservation ethics, when ecologists deemed tree-planting as a most vital activity. Though they are from the nearby Monterey Bay region, these trees aren’t native to these more northern hills. They were likely planted in the 1930s, possibly to promote fog drip in the hopes that it would contribute to the reservoirs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Running a 10-mile length through the area's many habitats, the Fifield-Cahill trail may be the watershed's most special excursion. It was closed to the public until 2003, and even now only parties of 20 or less are allowed, and must be accompanied by a trail guide. Why? It's all in the interest of preserving the habitat and resources here, and protecting the reservoirs from fire, erosion, and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can make reservations to explore the trail on foot, bicycle or horse by visiting \u003ca href=\"http://trail.sfwater.org\">trail.sfwater.org.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the trail, hikers get views of all four of the watershed's reservoirs, as well as a vista of the city, old-growth forests, and a chance to glimpse some rare and endangered species. These reservoirs were the impetus for establishing a protected wilderness here 150 years ago, and they've been vital to the development of San Francisco. Their dams were all built between 1860 and 1880, and survived the 1906 earthquake, despite their locations along the San Andreas fault line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The landscape here is perfect for catching rainfall. Coastal marine layers move on shore over the hillsides, dumping lots of rain into the rift valley. The area around Pilarcitos reservoir can sometimes receive four or five times the rainfall of the airport, which is only 5 miles away. On their own, the four reservoirs—Upper and Lower Crystal Springs, Pilarcitos, and San Andreas—provides about ten percent of San Francisco's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Pulgas Water Temple and Sheep Camp trail\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2605/4231850301_4fb21704e0.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> The Pulgas Water Temple was built at the terminus of the Hetch Hetchy aqueduct as a monument to the new water system. It’s located within the watershed, just south of Crystal Springs reservoir. An inscription at the top reads, “I give waters in the wilderness and rivers in the desert, to give drink to my people,” a biblical quote from Isaiah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So where does the rest of the city's vital H2O come from? The Pulgas Water Temple tells this part of the story, and a climb from the Temple to a nearby ridgetop affords broad brush views of the watershed, putting the whole water narrative together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco long ago outgrew its four reservoirs. In 1909, with memories of the '06 earthquake's unquenchable fires still vivid, the city of San Francisco purchased land in the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park with the intention to dam the Tuolomie river. The next year, the city voted to build the dam and a 160-mile-long system to carry the water from the mountains to the San Andreas valley, and in 1913 Congress allowed the construction. The effort expended was enormous: $45 million dollars, twenty years of construction, a few deaths and a great deal of politics. In 1934, the first rush of Hetch Hetchy water flowed through the gravity-driven tunnel system, across the California's central valley. It swooshed through the base of the Pulgas Water Temple and into nearby Crystal Springs reservoir while San Franciscans cheered, and some conservationists frowned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2668/4134114633_cc78c13947.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> Signs at the start of the Sheep Camp trail let visitors know that this is protected land. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ascension up Sheep Camp trail connects the Hetchy water to its final destination. Climbing to the ridge top east of 280, hikers pass through coastal oak scrub, until reaching the viewpoint. Here, you can see across the valley, taking in Crystal Springs reservoir and the pine and fir stands that the Fifield-Cahill trail passes through, Trekkers with a fondness for geology will appreciate this scene: the reservoir in view sits atop the San Andreas fault, meaning that a hiker here is standing on one tectonic plate and looking out at another, the distant hills moving southward, ever so slowly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Being able to see two tectonic plates isn't entirely uncommon in the Bay Area. But this vista brings together so much more: an illustration of how humans have made use of the valley created by these plate movements, and harnessed the landscape's natural slope and the resources in the mountains hundreds of miles east, all with the purpose of providing water—California's original gold—to the people who flock here for the very magic this set of hikes offers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1199541@N23\">Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://sfwater.org/msc_main.cfm/MC_ID/20/MSC_ID/176\">SFWATER.ORG : Fifield-Cahill Ridge Trail\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/farallon-islands/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established as a national wildlife refuge 100 years ago, the Farallon Islands are centered in one of the richest marine ecosystems in the world. While off limits to the public, a handful of scientists study this unique habitat, a breeding ground for marine mammals and hundreds of thousands of birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the map points above to see short videos and sets of photos from our trip to the islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this audio slideshow below, Get a behind-the-scenes look of QUEST's trip to the Farallons and find out what's it's like to live on these rocky, remote islands - for both the birds and the scientists who study them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/498979@N23\">Farallon Islands photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.farallones.org/\">Farallones Marine Sanctuary Association\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Established as a national wildlife refuge 100 years ago, the Farallon Islands are centered in one of the richest marine ecosystems in the world. While off limits to the public, a handful of scientists study this unique habitat, a breeding ground for marine mammals and hundreds of thousands of birds. Explore the sights and history of the largest island for yourself with this interactive map.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/farallon-islands/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Established as a national wildlife refuge 100 years ago, the Farallon Islands are centered in one of the richest marine ecosystems in the world. While off limits to the public, a handful of scientists study this unique habitat, a breeding ground for marine mammals and hundreds of thousands of birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click on the map points above to see short videos and sets of photos from our trip to the islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this audio slideshow below, Get a behind-the-scenes look of QUEST's trip to the Farallons and find out what's it's like to live on these rocky, remote islands - for both the birds and the scientists who study them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/498979@N23\">Farallon Islands photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.farallones.org/\">Farallones Marine Sanctuary Association\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Pescadero State Beach",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/pescadero-state-beach-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero State Beach is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, cattails, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can see over 250 species of birds. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Location/Directions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The beach is located 14.5 miles south of Half Moon Bay on Highway One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the hike shown in this Exploration, you'll be starting from the main parking lot, going down the stairs and walking a short stretch N on Hwy 1 before stepping down to the beach itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seasons/Climate/Recommended clothing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The weather can be changeable; layered clothing is recommended.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other notes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Dogs are prohibited on the beach and in the Natural Preserve at all times.Please, NO beach fires are allowed. Please refrain from removing shells, driftwood, and other natural beach features. Fireworks are prohibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3642/3596560682_58127f14a5_m.jpg\">\u003c/span>From ocean beach to bushy hillsides, Pescadero State Beach encompasses many different habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero State Beach—a mile-long stretch just south of Halfmoon Bay in Northern California—is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can spot some of the more than 250 species of birds that make their home here. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This park is a typical example of an estuary—an ecosystem both inviting and complex that thrives on change. Estuaries are coastal areas where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean. Estuaries usually contain a variety of habitats, and are constantly affected by the changing tides and ocean swells, as well as the seasonal ebb and flow of streams. Humans, too, exert their changes, shaping these environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, where many rivers meet the sea, is especially rich in this kind of coastal ecology. Once, an enormous amount of the Bay Area was estuary, including much of the Pacific coastline and most of the water's edge in San Francisco and San Pablo Bays. Today, many of these natural areas have been filled in or paved over. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a testament to its adaptable nature, much of what estuary remains in the Bay Area exists in tandem with power lines, highways, factories, bridges and airports. (Our Exploration of Elkhorn Slough looks at life in an estuary in the shadow of a power plant.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estuaries play a number of important roles in the health of the natural environment. They keep erosion under control, help stabilize coastal communities, and protect water quality. They are also home to many of our commercial fish, as well as an extremely diverse set of flora and fauna. And, of course, estuaries are lovely places to visit and appreciate nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Coping with Change, Natural and Otherwise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3384/3596560806_48306925d8_m.jpg\">\u003c/span>The ecosystem at Pescadero State Beach includes a stretch of Highway 1 as well as other areas containing man-made alterations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because estuaries are so dynamic, they respond quickly to the forces that humans exert on them—and those forces are many. Pollution from nearby communities and agricultural land can end up in the runoff that fills estuaries. Often this runoff contains an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, nutrients that algae love, and that can lead to algal blooms. An overpopulation of algae can rob the water of oxygen, leaving too little for fish and aquatic plants. Scientists working at Pescadero State Beach and other estuary areas keep an eye on water quality issues like this, hoping to keep plant and animal populations healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2164/3596563848_f926a52c73_m.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span> Estuaries can experience habitat loss—a shrinking of the land available to be part of the estuary—both naturally and at the hands of humans. Natural fluctuations in tides and water flows can erode or shift shorelines. Sediments left behind by fires and floods can degrade the quality of the ecosystem. And development of coastlines for housing or agriculture can greatly affect, or even destroy, an estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in areas where the actual landscape is less threatened, the pattern of flora and fauna on that landscape can shift. Often this kind of shift is due to the introduction by humans of non-native species. Sometimes, these new species fare better than the native species. These new plants and animals, which may have been introduced recently or centuries ago, can crowd out the original inhabitants of an environment This phenomenon is evident at Pescadero State Beach. Some areas of the dunes, for example, have been taken over by non-native grasses that have pushed out the native grasses. And in some forested parts of the park, the eucalyptus trees introduced by travelers and found plentifully in this park (and in many other parts of the Bay Area), have crowded out other tree species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/eucalyptus_view.jpg\">\u003c/span> These tall trees are eucalyptus, non-native plants that now serve as home to Pescadero State Beach's nesting heron population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those eucalyptus trees also provide an example of the complications of restoring an estuary. You might think it would be easy to restore balance by simply removing the invading species from the environment. But at Pescadero State Beach, for example, a tall stand of eucalyptus provides shelter for a heron rookery. Getting ride of these \"weed\" trees would mean losing valuable nesting areas for heron. In other cases, endangered species that ecologists might want to protect may have adapted to conditions—like changes in salinity or nutrient levels—that have negative affects on other native species. Because estuaries are such ephemeral, dynamic systems, adaptations like these may take place more quickly than they would in other environments. Complications like these illustrate how difficult it may be to see the best approach to restoring an area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a great deal that scientists don't know about estuaries; the ways in which the various environments within an estuary affect one another can be very complex. To protect or restore these areas, ecologists think of the environment's flora and fauna not as specific species or sets of species, but as whole systems. Researchers conduct studies to try to understand how the balance of oxygen, nutrients, pollutants, and other factors affect water quality and wildlife. A healthy estuary is one in which the water is clean and the habitat can support both the wildlife and the human recreational uses of the area in a self-sustaining way.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1141012@N21\">Pescadero State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=522\">Pescadero State Beach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Pescadero State Beach is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, cattails, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can see over 250 species of birds. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/pescadero-state-beach-exploration/map?embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero State Beach is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, cattails, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can see over 250 species of birds. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Location/Directions\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The beach is located 14.5 miles south of Half Moon Bay on Highway One.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the hike shown in this Exploration, you'll be starting from the main parking lot, going down the stairs and walking a short stretch N on Hwy 1 before stepping down to the beach itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seasons/Climate/Recommended clothing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The weather can be changeable; layered clothing is recommended.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Other notes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Dogs are prohibited on the beach and in the Natural Preserve at all times.Please, NO beach fires are allowed. Please refrain from removing shells, driftwood, and other natural beach features. Fireworks are prohibited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3642/3596560682_58127f14a5_m.jpg\">\u003c/span>From ocean beach to bushy hillsides, Pescadero State Beach encompasses many different habitats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero State Beach—a mile-long stretch just south of Halfmoon Bay in Northern California—is no simple place. Scanning its expanse, you can see ocean beach, streams, grasses, bushy scrub, and tall, ancient trees. If you look more closely you can spot some of the more than 250 species of birds that make their home here. The landscape, especially at the water, is never the same two days in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This park is a typical example of an estuary—an ecosystem both inviting and complex that thrives on change. Estuaries are coastal areas where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean. Estuaries usually contain a variety of habitats, and are constantly affected by the changing tides and ocean swells, as well as the seasonal ebb and flow of streams. Humans, too, exert their changes, shaping these environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area, where many rivers meet the sea, is especially rich in this kind of coastal ecology. Once, an enormous amount of the Bay Area was estuary, including much of the Pacific coastline and most of the water's edge in San Francisco and San Pablo Bays. Today, many of these natural areas have been filled in or paved over. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a testament to its adaptable nature, much of what estuary remains in the Bay Area exists in tandem with power lines, highways, factories, bridges and airports. (Our Exploration of Elkhorn Slough looks at life in an estuary in the shadow of a power plant.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estuaries play a number of important roles in the health of the natural environment. They keep erosion under control, help stabilize coastal communities, and protect water quality. They are also home to many of our commercial fish, as well as an extremely diverse set of flora and fauna. And, of course, estuaries are lovely places to visit and appreciate nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Coping with Change, Natural and Otherwise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3384/3596560806_48306925d8_m.jpg\">\u003c/span>The ecosystem at Pescadero State Beach includes a stretch of Highway 1 as well as other areas containing man-made alterations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because estuaries are so dynamic, they respond quickly to the forces that humans exert on them—and those forces are many. Pollution from nearby communities and agricultural land can end up in the runoff that fills estuaries. Often this runoff contains an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, nutrients that algae love, and that can lead to algal blooms. An overpopulation of algae can rob the water of oxygen, leaving too little for fish and aquatic plants. Scientists working at Pescadero State Beach and other estuary areas keep an eye on water quality issues like this, hoping to keep plant and animal populations healthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2164/3596563848_f926a52c73_m.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span> Estuaries can experience habitat loss—a shrinking of the land available to be part of the estuary—both naturally and at the hands of humans. Natural fluctuations in tides and water flows can erode or shift shorelines. Sediments left behind by fires and floods can degrade the quality of the ecosystem. And development of coastlines for housing or agriculture can greatly affect, or even destroy, an estuary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in areas where the actual landscape is less threatened, the pattern of flora and fauna on that landscape can shift. Often this kind of shift is due to the introduction by humans of non-native species. Sometimes, these new species fare better than the native species. These new plants and animals, which may have been introduced recently or centuries ago, can crowd out the original inhabitants of an environment This phenomenon is evident at Pescadero State Beach. Some areas of the dunes, for example, have been taken over by non-native grasses that have pushed out the native grasses. And in some forested parts of the park, the eucalyptus trees introduced by travelers and found plentifully in this park (and in many other parts of the Bay Area), have crowded out other tree species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/eucalyptus_view.jpg\">\u003c/span> These tall trees are eucalyptus, non-native plants that now serve as home to Pescadero State Beach's nesting heron population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those eucalyptus trees also provide an example of the complications of restoring an estuary. You might think it would be easy to restore balance by simply removing the invading species from the environment. But at Pescadero State Beach, for example, a tall stand of eucalyptus provides shelter for a heron rookery. Getting ride of these \"weed\" trees would mean losing valuable nesting areas for heron. In other cases, endangered species that ecologists might want to protect may have adapted to conditions—like changes in salinity or nutrient levels—that have negative affects on other native species. Because estuaries are such ephemeral, dynamic systems, adaptations like these may take place more quickly than they would in other environments. Complications like these illustrate how difficult it may be to see the best approach to restoring an area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's still a great deal that scientists don't know about estuaries; the ways in which the various environments within an estuary affect one another can be very complex. To protect or restore these areas, ecologists think of the environment's flora and fauna not as specific species or sets of species, but as whole systems. Researchers conduct studies to try to understand how the balance of oxygen, nutrients, pollutants, and other factors affect water quality and wildlife. A healthy estuary is one in which the water is clean and the habitat can support both the wildlife and the human recreational uses of the area in a self-sustaining way.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1141012@N21\">Pescadero State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=522\">Pescadero State Beach\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Muir Woods National Monument",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Plan Your Visit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You may not think of salmon when visiting the redwoods in Muir Woods, but it’s home to a population of Coho Salmon. Redwood forests provide ideal salmon habitat, providing woody debris to protect young salmon in the creeks and keeping them shaded and cool. But the Coho in Muir Wood’s Redwood Creek are endangered, and local biologists and volunteers are working to protect the salmon and restore their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a map, driving directions and satellite views of this park from \u003cstrong>Google™ Maps\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=muir+woods+national+monument&sll=37.906283,-122.474213&sspn=0.321271,0.506058&ie=UTF8&om=1&ll=37.896395,-122.584848&spn=0.039216,0.054331&t=h&z=14\">click here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Address: Muir Woods Road, Building MW-020\u003cbr>\nMill Valley, CA 94941\u003cbr>\nPhone:(415) 388-2595\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California's Coho\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/307a_salmon300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nSalmon are one of the iconic species of the West, but today it's a species in trouble. Coho Salmon, also known as silver salmon, are listed as an endangered species. In the 1940s, California's population was estimated at 200,000 to 500,000. In just 50 years, that population has declined about 90 per cent. California's Chinook Salmon are also in trouble. The commercial fishery has been closed for the past two seasons, due to record low numbers of salmon returning to spawn in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coho range from California all the way to Alaska. As Muir Woods Biologist Michael Reichmuth explained, the Coho Salmon in Redwood Creek have been known as the southernmost stable population – but now that stability is questionable. Fish surveys have shown lower numbers of returning salmon every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>If you see someone snorkeling in Redwood Creek as you walk through Muir Woods, don’t be alarmed. Reichmuth conducts fish surveys throughout the year, and sometimes searching for juvenile salmon requires a mask and snorkel. These surveys are critical for assessing the health of the Coho population. The Park Service relies on volunteers to help with this effort, who walk the length of the creek looking for spawning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life Cycle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salmon are built to spend their lives in two different worlds – in streams and rivers and the open ocean – and they can face pressures in both places. Coho return to reproduce the streams and creeks they were born in, so many of the populations are genetically distinct from each other. After reproducing, female Coho lay their eggs in redds – nests they dig out of gravel in river beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hatching, juvenile salmon stay in the creeks and streams for about 16 months, eating insect larvae and growing to five to six inches. They then migrate to the open ocean, where they live until they’re three years old. This is the end of their life cycle, when they swim back to into the creeks in December and January after winter rains to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Habitat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/creek.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nAs Muir Woods Nursery Manager Chris Friedel says, if you see a perfectly straight creek, then it’s not natural. Redwood Creek has been molded by human forces for the past century. Local farmers straightened the creek to help with flood control and in the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps undertook several projects remaking Muir Woods, including restructuring Redwood Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists are learning, that flooding is key for the survival of salmon. When creek level rises, young salmon are able to reach a new food supply. They need woody debris like fallen redwoods for shelter, especially during the rainy season when water flow speeds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Replacing the fallen trees and restoring the meandering course of the creek has been a major focus of the restoration. Today, there’s a volunteer effort lead by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and the National Park Service to restore Redwood Creek both in and outside Muir Woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1059386@N25\">Muir Woods National Monument photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/learning-center/explore/\">Save the Redwoods Education Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/muir-woods-national-monument-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Plan Your Visit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>You may not think of salmon when visiting the redwoods in Muir Woods, but it’s home to a population of Coho Salmon. Redwood forests provide ideal salmon habitat, providing woody debris to protect young salmon in the creeks and keeping them shaded and cool. But the Coho in Muir Wood’s Redwood Creek are endangered, and local biologists and volunteers are working to protect the salmon and restore their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a map, driving directions and satellite views of this park from \u003cstrong>Google™ Maps\u003c/strong>, \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=muir+woods+national+monument&sll=37.906283,-122.474213&sspn=0.321271,0.506058&ie=UTF8&om=1&ll=37.896395,-122.584848&spn=0.039216,0.054331&t=h&z=14\">click here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Address: Muir Woods Road, Building MW-020\u003cbr>\nMill Valley, CA 94941\u003cbr>\nPhone:(415) 388-2595\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California's Coho\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/307a_salmon300.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nSalmon are one of the iconic species of the West, but today it's a species in trouble. Coho Salmon, also known as silver salmon, are listed as an endangered species. In the 1940s, California's population was estimated at 200,000 to 500,000. In just 50 years, that population has declined about 90 per cent. California's Chinook Salmon are also in trouble. The commercial fishery has been closed for the past two seasons, due to record low numbers of salmon returning to spawn in the Sacramento-San Joaquin River system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coho range from California all the way to Alaska. As Muir Woods Biologist Michael Reichmuth explained, the Coho Salmon in Redwood Creek have been known as the southernmost stable population – but now that stability is questionable. Fish surveys have shown lower numbers of returning salmon every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>If you see someone snorkeling in Redwood Creek as you walk through Muir Woods, don’t be alarmed. Reichmuth conducts fish surveys throughout the year, and sometimes searching for juvenile salmon requires a mask and snorkel. These surveys are critical for assessing the health of the Coho population. The Park Service relies on volunteers to help with this effort, who walk the length of the creek looking for spawning salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life Cycle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salmon are built to spend their lives in two different worlds – in streams and rivers and the open ocean – and they can face pressures in both places. Coho return to reproduce the streams and creeks they were born in, so many of the populations are genetically distinct from each other. After reproducing, female Coho lay their eggs in redds – nests they dig out of gravel in river beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hatching, juvenile salmon stay in the creeks and streams for about 16 months, eating insect larvae and growing to five to six inches. They then migrate to the open ocean, where they live until they’re three years old. This is the end of their life cycle, when they swim back to into the creeks in December and January after winter rains to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Habitat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/creek.jpg\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\nAs Muir Woods Nursery Manager Chris Friedel says, if you see a perfectly straight creek, then it’s not natural. Redwood Creek has been molded by human forces for the past century. Local farmers straightened the creek to help with flood control and in the 1930s, the Civilian Conservation Corps undertook several projects remaking Muir Woods, including restructuring Redwood Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists are learning, that flooding is key for the survival of salmon. When creek level rises, young salmon are able to reach a new food supply. They need woody debris like fallen redwoods for shelter, especially during the rainy season when water flow speeds up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Replacing the fallen trees and restoring the meandering course of the creek has been a major focus of the restoration. Today, there’s a volunteer effort lead by the Golden Gate National Parks Conservancy and the National Park Service to restore Redwood Creek both in and outside Muir Woods.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1059386@N25\">Muir Woods National Monument photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/learning-center/explore/\">Save the Redwoods Education Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/natural-bridges-state-beach-tidepools-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003c/span>The intertidal rocks at Natural Bridges State Beach are covered in life: sea stars, seaweeds, urchins, and crabs are just some of the area's intertidal inhabitants. Visit them in their tidepool homes down in Santa Cruz, California.\n\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Planning Your Visit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>2531 West Cliff Drive\u003cbr>\nSanta Cruz, CA 95060\u003cbr>\n(831) 423-4609\u003cbr>\nOpen 8:00 to sunset\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wi-Fi access available with wireless enabled laptop computers or personal digital assistants (PDAs) to access the Internet. Park visitors will be able to gain Wi-Fi access when they use a wireless device within about 150 to 200 feet of the Visitor Center in the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Special Thanks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/faculty/emeriti.html\">John Pearse\u003c/a>, Professor Emeritus at University of California Santa Cruz Institute of Marine Sciences and the \u003ca href=\"http://limpetsmonitoring.org/\">LIMPETS monitoring program\u003c/a>, as well as the Exploratorium's \u003ca href=\"http://icestories.exploratorium.edu/dispatches/author/mary-miller/\">Mary Miller\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Rosa, Jennifer Skene and Lauren Sommer of KQED contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>Intertidal Diversity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the rocky intertidal zone along the coast of California, you are a giant. As you walk out on the rocks during low tide, your huge feet dwarf the intertidal's tiny inhabitants. With one sweep of your eyes, you can look at an entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the rock slopes from the land to the sea, there is a steep gradient in environmental conditions. High on the shore, organisms spend most of the day exposed to air. Closer to the ocean, organisms spend most of their time submerged in water. These differences in the environment set up the intertidal zones. Different species inhabit these different zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/3115917001/\" title=\"Quadrat Survey by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3093/3115917001_93a5038ccf_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Quadrat Survey\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Scientists have been studying intertidal zonation for years. Ecologists continue to study how organisms interact with the intertidal environment, and each other. These high school students are studying intertidal ecology, using a quadrat and a transect tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Evolution from the Oceans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All of the major branches on the tree of life originated in the ocean. And descendants from most of those branches can be found in the intertidal zone of today: seaweed, sponges, sea stars, mussels, crabs – each represents a different evolutionary lineage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seaweed comes in three colors\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are three groups of algae: browns, reds, and greens. Each group is a separate branch on the tree of life. Each group has a different combination of pigments; these pigments reflect light at different wavelengths, giving each group its characteristic color. Different pigments also absorb light at different wavelengths; the ability to catch and use light is important for photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brown algae group includes the giant kelps that live just offshore, as well as tiny diatoms. The red algae group includes a seaweed familiar to sushi lovers, called Nori. This seaweed is common on the California coast. The green algae group contains Ulva, a bright green, sheet-like seaweed that grows on rocks and on docks in marinas. Away from the ocean, mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering plants evolved from the humble green algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>As the climate changes, so does the intertidal\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/3116762000/\" title=\"Volcano Barnacle by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3091/3116762000_51ddbeb5eb_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Volcano Barnacle\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Intertidal inhabitants are being affected by climate change; there is evidence that the geographic ranges of many species of invertebrates have shifted further north, just since the 1930s. And one species, the Volcano Barnacle (\u003cem>Tetraclita rubsecens\u003c/em>) has shifted just within the last 20-30 years. Prior to 1980, it was never found north of San Francisco. Today, this barnacle clings to the rocks as far north as Oregon. Some species can move north in response to climate change; other species can't. These organisms live on the edge of the land and the sea, and have to deal with climate change in both those realms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1075081@N22\">Natural Bridges State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://limpetsmonitoring.org/\">LiMPETS: Long-term Monitoring Program & Experiential Training for Students\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html?gid=1393\">Make a Tide Prediction, California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach official website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Craig Rosa, Jennifer Skene and Lauren Sommer of KQED contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>Intertidal Diversity\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the rocky intertidal zone along the coast of California, you are a giant. As you walk out on the rocks during low tide, your huge feet dwarf the intertidal's tiny inhabitants. With one sweep of your eyes, you can look at an entire ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the rock slopes from the land to the sea, there is a steep gradient in environmental conditions. High on the shore, organisms spend most of the day exposed to air. Closer to the ocean, organisms spend most of their time submerged in water. These differences in the environment set up the intertidal zones. Different species inhabit these different zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/3115917001/\" title=\"Quadrat Survey by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3093/3115917001_93a5038ccf_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Quadrat Survey\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Scientists have been studying intertidal zonation for years. Ecologists continue to study how organisms interact with the intertidal environment, and each other. These high school students are studying intertidal ecology, using a quadrat and a transect tape.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Evolution from the Oceans\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>All of the major branches on the tree of life originated in the ocean. And descendants from most of those branches can be found in the intertidal zone of today: seaweed, sponges, sea stars, mussels, crabs – each represents a different evolutionary lineage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Seaweed comes in three colors\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are three groups of algae: browns, reds, and greens. Each group is a separate branch on the tree of life. Each group has a different combination of pigments; these pigments reflect light at different wavelengths, giving each group its characteristic color. Different pigments also absorb light at different wavelengths; the ability to catch and use light is important for photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brown algae group includes the giant kelps that live just offshore, as well as tiny diatoms. The red algae group includes a seaweed familiar to sushi lovers, called Nori. This seaweed is common on the California coast. The green algae group contains Ulva, a bright green, sheet-like seaweed that grows on rocks and on docks in marinas. Away from the ocean, mosses, ferns, conifers and flowering plants evolved from the humble green algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>As the climate changes, so does the intertidal\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/3116762000/\" title=\"Volcano Barnacle by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3091/3116762000_51ddbeb5eb_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"159\" alt=\"Volcano Barnacle\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Intertidal inhabitants are being affected by climate change; there is evidence that the geographic ranges of many species of invertebrates have shifted further north, just since the 1930s. And one species, the Volcano Barnacle (\u003cem>Tetraclita rubsecens\u003c/em>) has shifted just within the last 20-30 years. Prior to 1980, it was never found north of San Francisco. Today, this barnacle clings to the rocks as far north as Oregon. Some species can move north in response to climate change; other species can't. These organisms live on the edge of the land and the sea, and have to deal with climate change in both those realms.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/1075081@N22\">Natural Bridges State Beach photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://limpetsmonitoring.org/\">LiMPETS: Long-term Monitoring Program & Experiential Training for Students\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/tide_predictions.html?gid=1393\">Make a Tide Prediction, California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=541\">Natural Bridges State Beach official website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Samuel P. Taylor State Park",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/samuel-p-taylor-state-park-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp align=\"right\">\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\t \t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/span>Less than an hour’s drive north from San Francisco, the 2,882 acres of Samuel P. Taylor State Park is within easy driving distance of some of northern California’s most dramatic outdoor scenery. The park features a unique contrast of coastal redwood groves and open grassland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park also features a variety of flowers and trees, including oak, tanoak, madrone, live oak, laurel and Douglas fir. California native wildflowers include buttercups, milkmaids, and Indian paintbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common animal in the park is the black-tailed deer. There are also raccoons, striped skunks and gray foxes. Silver salmon and steelhead trout migrate up Papermill Creek to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Location\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The park is 15 miles west of San Rafael on Sir Francis Drake Boulevard.\u003cbr>\nP.O. Box 251\u003cbr>\nLagunitas, CA 94938\u003cbr>\n415-488-9897\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please call the park for current hours of operation at the phone number above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=469\">Download a trail map\u003c/a> and more about the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Ranger Vic Graves and Damien Jones, Supervising State Park Ranger – Marin Sector North Parks of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/\">California State Parks\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Robin Marks of the Exploratorium contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>Resilient Redwoods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The coast redwood is no ordinary tree.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the superficial onlooker, the redwood's impressive appearance makes a strong impression. But a more intimate study of California's official state tree reveals a less-obvious feat: \u003cem>Sequoia sempervirens\u003c/em> (meaning \"ever living\") is a master of survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few threats short of a chain saw can end an established redwood's life. This resilience comes largely from two of the tree's innate talents: reproduction tricks and defenses that make it almost impervious to injury. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some Redwood Facts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/spt_1.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> The coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, grows taller than any other tree species, and is the official state tree of California. Sequoia sempervirens is native only to a sliver of coast along central and northern California, running from just south of Monterey up to the Oregon border, and inland a mere 35 miles. Redwoods require a very particular environment: wet. but not too wet; warm, but not too warm; near the ocean, but not too near. They aren't particularly tolerant of salt, but they depend on the marine fog, which condenses on their leaves and provides water during the otherwise warm, dry, summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coast redwoods are the tallest trees in the world, and it's not uncommon for them to reach well over 300 feet tall (that's the height of a 30-story building). Enormous trunks make the redwood's mass second only to its inland cousin, the giant sequoia. In fact, a coast redwood isn't even considered \"large\" until its trunk is about 15 feet in diameter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, these are the tree's superficial traits. Within those double-digit trunks hide centuries of growth rings that wouldn't build up as they do if the redwood wasn't so adept at surviving. While sempervirens isn't the very oldest tree in the world, it's certainly in the top echelon. Fifteen-hundred-year-old trees aren't uncommon, and the oldest known living example has been around for about 2,200 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coast redwoods are often found mixed in with other trees, such as Douglas fir and tanoak, as is the case in Samuel P. Taylor State Park in Marin County. Ferns and brackens often make up the forest's understory. The biggest redwoods grow farther north, where the land is flatter than in the Bay Area, on alluvial plains that are prone to flooding. These floods, which occur about twice a century, actually work in the tree's favor: they deposit an enormous amount of sediment, sometimes two feet per flood, that tends to bury most species. Stuck in the mud, a redwood can generate a new root system to plumb the new, higher level of ground, and thus continue on without competing with other plants for light and nutrients.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reproduction\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/spt_2.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> Chances are these redwood shoots are much older than they look. Redwoods sprout these tiny clones of themselves when they are damaged. The little trees can linger for centuries waiting for the right conditions to grow into mature redwoods. Redwoods are adept at making more of themselves, whether by cloning or from seeds. They are an example of the smallest seed-cones giving rise to the most majestic trees. Redwood cones are only about an inch long, and the trees don't reach their most fertile period until they're over 250 years old. After that, they can continue to produce viable seeds for almost 1,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many conifers, redwoods rely on wind to disperse their seeds. But the tiny seeds (it takes 120,000 of them to weigh a pound!) aren't well-shaped for air travel, and so seldom fall more than 200 feet or so from the parent tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood saplings are fast growers: yearlings can sprout up to 18 inches, and youngsters in their first decade can gain up to six feet in a single season. Redwood saplings have an advantage over their neighbors, needing less light to grow than Douglas fir, spruce, and other trees that share forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The redwood's niftiest resilience trick is packaged in burls at the base of each tree. These burls are made up of dormant buds, each waiting to sprout into action if the parent tree is damaged. Cut a redwood down, for example, wait three weeks, and you'll find around 100 new baby trees sprouted at its base. Of course, not all these trees will survive, but many of them may, growing at voracious speeds. This stump-sprouting leads to what are called \"fairy circles,\" rings of trees encircling the site where one tree once grew. These circles are easy to find in forests where stumps still remain. Other parks in the Bay Area have ancient fairy circles, huge, cathedral-like rings of millennia-old redwoods surrounding the site of the central tree's long-gone stump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burl sprouts need space and light to grow, commodities that are sometimes in short supply in a dense redwood forest. But no problem: these tiny trees are programmed to wait. And wait. And wait. While the sprouts may look like they're six-month-old redwood infants, they may have been hanging around for centuries—yes, centuries; clones of ol\" Stumpy, waiting for a neighbor tree to topple and lend them the patch of sunlight that will send them skyward. Ponder that next time you tromp by a redwood stump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Playing with fire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/spt_3.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>It's not uncommon for a redwood to sport a foot-thick layer of bark. Redwood bark is low in oils, making the tree unusually fire resistant. The forests of the northern California coast are no strangers to fire. Fire is the redwood's only real foe, but it can also somewhat beneficial. Semperivens has adapted to life in forests that depend on fire, and researchers have found that old-growth redwoods are subjected to—and usually survive—two or three major blazes every century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you walk past a redwood giant, take a moment to consider its bark. This outer skin is a real life preserver. Deeply grooved and spongy to the touch, the fibrous redwood bark can be over a foot thick. Redwood bark contains much less oil than most tree barks, which keeps it from catching fire easily. If the tree does catch fire, the burn usually doesn't circle all the way around the trunk, which would kill the tree. Instead, the flames are more likely to destroy a single patch and some heartwood, leaving blackened cavities that are sometimes big enough to accommodate several people. Early settlers in the west used to corral livestock in these redwood caves by putting fences across the openings, lending these caverns the name \"goose pens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/spt_4.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>From inside the Pioneer Tree in Samuel P. Taylor State Park in Marin County, visitors can take stock of the damage from a long-ago forest fire that left the tree standing, but with two hollowed out chambers big enough for a hiker to explore.Being able to withstand fire gives a redwood an obvious advantage over most other forest foliage. Any redwood holding its own after the flames have swept through will find itself surrounded by more light, less competition, and the fallen carcasses of its neighbors to provide nutrients. In other words, if it can survive the onslaught, it will be rewarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods continue to thrive despite fires, floods, and (so far) even the threat posed by logging, thanks to efforts by groups like the Save the Redwoods League. Such groups have been active since early last century, when the effects of logging were becoming clear. Most of the ancient redwood forests that still exist, and many second-growth forests as well, are now on protected public lands. One of the joys of being a Bay Area denizen is that these trees live among us, just across the bridge or down the hill, waiting to welcome admiring visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/960470@N20\">Samuel P. Taylor State Park photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=469\">Samuel P. Taylor State Park\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/learning-center/explore/\">Save the Redwoods Education Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Less than an hour’s drive north from San Francisco, the 2,882 acres of Samuel P. Taylor State Park is within easy driving distance of some of northern California’s most dramatic outdoor scenery. The park features a unique contrast of coastal redwood groves and open grassland.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/samuel-p-taylor-state-park-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp align=\"right\">\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\t \t\t \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u003c/span>Less than an hour’s drive north from San Francisco, the 2,882 acres of Samuel P. Taylor State Park is within easy driving distance of some of northern California’s most dramatic outdoor scenery. The park features a unique contrast of coastal redwood groves and open grassland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park also features a variety of flowers and trees, including oak, tanoak, madrone, live oak, laurel and Douglas fir. California native wildflowers include buttercups, milkmaids, and Indian paintbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most common animal in the park is the black-tailed deer. There are also raccoons, striped skunks and gray foxes. Silver salmon and steelhead trout migrate up Papermill Creek to spawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Location\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The park is 15 miles west of San Rafael on Sir Francis Drake Boulevard.\u003cbr>\nP.O. Box 251\u003cbr>\nLagunitas, CA 94938\u003cbr>\n415-488-9897\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please call the park for current hours of operation at the phone number above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=469\">Download a trail map\u003c/a> and more about the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Ranger Vic Graves and Damien Jones, Supervising State Park Ranger – Marin Sector North Parks of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/\">California State Parks\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Robin Marks of the Exploratorium contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>Resilient Redwoods\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The coast redwood is no ordinary tree.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the superficial onlooker, the redwood's impressive appearance makes a strong impression. But a more intimate study of California's official state tree reveals a less-obvious feat: \u003cem>Sequoia sempervirens\u003c/em> (meaning \"ever living\") is a master of survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Few threats short of a chain saw can end an established redwood's life. This resilience comes largely from two of the tree's innate talents: reproduction tricks and defenses that make it almost impervious to injury. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Some Redwood Facts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/spt_1.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> The coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens, grows taller than any other tree species, and is the official state tree of California. Sequoia sempervirens is native only to a sliver of coast along central and northern California, running from just south of Monterey up to the Oregon border, and inland a mere 35 miles. Redwoods require a very particular environment: wet. but not too wet; warm, but not too warm; near the ocean, but not too near. They aren't particularly tolerant of salt, but they depend on the marine fog, which condenses on their leaves and provides water during the otherwise warm, dry, summer months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coast redwoods are the tallest trees in the world, and it's not uncommon for them to reach well over 300 feet tall (that's the height of a 30-story building). Enormous trunks make the redwood's mass second only to its inland cousin, the giant sequoia. In fact, a coast redwood isn't even considered \"large\" until its trunk is about 15 feet in diameter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But again, these are the tree's superficial traits. Within those double-digit trunks hide centuries of growth rings that wouldn't build up as they do if the redwood wasn't so adept at surviving. While sempervirens isn't the very oldest tree in the world, it's certainly in the top echelon. Fifteen-hundred-year-old trees aren't uncommon, and the oldest known living example has been around for about 2,200 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coast redwoods are often found mixed in with other trees, such as Douglas fir and tanoak, as is the case in Samuel P. Taylor State Park in Marin County. Ferns and brackens often make up the forest's understory. The biggest redwoods grow farther north, where the land is flatter than in the Bay Area, on alluvial plains that are prone to flooding. These floods, which occur about twice a century, actually work in the tree's favor: they deposit an enormous amount of sediment, sometimes two feet per flood, that tends to bury most species. Stuck in the mud, a redwood can generate a new root system to plumb the new, higher level of ground, and thus continue on without competing with other plants for light and nutrients.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reproduction\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/spt_2.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span> Chances are these redwood shoots are much older than they look. Redwoods sprout these tiny clones of themselves when they are damaged. The little trees can linger for centuries waiting for the right conditions to grow into mature redwoods. Redwoods are adept at making more of themselves, whether by cloning or from seeds. They are an example of the smallest seed-cones giving rise to the most majestic trees. Redwood cones are only about an inch long, and the trees don't reach their most fertile period until they're over 250 years old. After that, they can continue to produce viable seeds for almost 1,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many conifers, redwoods rely on wind to disperse their seeds. But the tiny seeds (it takes 120,000 of them to weigh a pound!) aren't well-shaped for air travel, and so seldom fall more than 200 feet or so from the parent tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwood saplings are fast growers: yearlings can sprout up to 18 inches, and youngsters in their first decade can gain up to six feet in a single season. Redwood saplings have an advantage over their neighbors, needing less light to grow than Douglas fir, spruce, and other trees that share forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The redwood's niftiest resilience trick is packaged in burls at the base of each tree. These burls are made up of dormant buds, each waiting to sprout into action if the parent tree is damaged. Cut a redwood down, for example, wait three weeks, and you'll find around 100 new baby trees sprouted at its base. Of course, not all these trees will survive, but many of them may, growing at voracious speeds. This stump-sprouting leads to what are called \"fairy circles,\" rings of trees encircling the site where one tree once grew. These circles are easy to find in forests where stumps still remain. Other parks in the Bay Area have ancient fairy circles, huge, cathedral-like rings of millennia-old redwoods surrounding the site of the central tree's long-gone stump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burl sprouts need space and light to grow, commodities that are sometimes in short supply in a dense redwood forest. But no problem: these tiny trees are programmed to wait. And wait. And wait. While the sprouts may look like they're six-month-old redwood infants, they may have been hanging around for centuries—yes, centuries; clones of ol\" Stumpy, waiting for a neighbor tree to topple and lend them the patch of sunlight that will send them skyward. Ponder that next time you tromp by a redwood stump.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Playing with fire\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/spt_3.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>It's not uncommon for a redwood to sport a foot-thick layer of bark. Redwood bark is low in oils, making the tree unusually fire resistant. The forests of the northern California coast are no strangers to fire. Fire is the redwood's only real foe, but it can also somewhat beneficial. Semperivens has adapted to life in forests that depend on fire, and researchers have found that old-growth redwoods are subjected to—and usually survive—two or three major blazes every century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next time you walk past a redwood giant, take a moment to consider its bark. This outer skin is a real life preserver. Deeply grooved and spongy to the touch, the fibrous redwood bark can be over a foot thick. Redwood bark contains much less oil than most tree barks, which keeps it from catching fire easily. If the tree does catch fire, the burn usually doesn't circle all the way around the trunk, which would kill the tree. Instead, the flames are more likely to destroy a single patch and some heartwood, leaving blackened cavities that are sometimes big enough to accommodate several people. Early settlers in the west used to corral livestock in these redwood caves by putting fences across the openings, lending these caverns the name \"goose pens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/spt_4.jpg\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\">\u003c/span>From inside the Pioneer Tree in Samuel P. Taylor State Park in Marin County, visitors can take stock of the damage from a long-ago forest fire that left the tree standing, but with two hollowed out chambers big enough for a hiker to explore.Being able to withstand fire gives a redwood an obvious advantage over most other forest foliage. Any redwood holding its own after the flames have swept through will find itself surrounded by more light, less competition, and the fallen carcasses of its neighbors to provide nutrients. In other words, if it can survive the onslaught, it will be rewarded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods continue to thrive despite fires, floods, and (so far) even the threat posed by logging, thanks to efforts by groups like the Save the Redwoods League. Such groups have been active since early last century, when the effects of logging were becoming clear. Most of the ancient redwood forests that still exist, and many second-growth forests as well, are now on protected public lands. One of the joys of being a Bay Area denizen is that these trees live among us, just across the bridge or down the hill, waiting to welcome admiring visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/960470@N20\">Samuel P. Taylor State Park photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=469\">Samuel P. Taylor State Park\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.savetheredwoods.org/learning-center/explore/\">Save the Redwoods Education Resources\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve",
"title": "Exploring Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp align=\"center\">\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/sibley-volcanic-regional-preserve-exploration/map?embed=true\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003c/span>As sure as the earth moves in Oakland, there's a volcano just off Skyline Boulevard. Not just any volcano, mind you. This one's lying on its side with its guts exposed. You might not recognize it right away, owing to its reclining position and the grassy coat it's adopted. But among the shrubs and grasses at Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve, you'll find the rocky body and underpinnings of one of the largest of a handful of volcanoes that once dotted our geologic neighborhood. Join us and naturalist Steve Edwards of the East Bay Regional Park District on our latest Bay Area science hike.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Location\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>6800 Skyline Blvd, Oakland, CA 94611 [\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/6lj4lr\">Map\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nPhone: 888-EBPARKS (888-327-2757), option 3, extension 4554\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Open between 5 a.m. and 10 p.m. unless otherwise posted or permitted\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley\">Download a trail map\u003c/a> and more about the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Steve Edwards, Isa Polt-Jones and Rosemary Cameron of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org\">East Bay Regional Parks District\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Robin Marks contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sibley's Round Top: A Sideways Volcano\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Volcanoes in the East Bay? Really?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2082/2516290125_6cbb5fd770_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"161\">\u003c/span>As sure as the earth moves in Berkeley, there's a volcano just off Skyline Boulevard. Not just any volcano, mind you. This one's laying on its side with its guts exposed. You might not recognize it right away, owing to its reclining position and the grassy coat it's adopted. But among the shrubs and grasses at Sibley Regional Volcanic Preserve, you'll find the rocky body and layered underpinnings of one of the largest of a handful of volcanoes that once dotted our geologic neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten million years ago, a vent now called Round Top sprouted in the Earth's crust and regularly spewed thick, gooey lava into its environs. At that time, Round Top stood upright, like a proper volcano, south of present-day San Jose. Over the millennia, the volcano's been ferried northward by the motion of nearby faults, a rugged journey that's changed the appearance of the mountain and the land around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A few volcanic basics\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2516284073/\" title=\"1b. How to make a volcano by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2249/2516284073_b277cb0a87_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"161\" alt=\"1b. How to make a volcano\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Volcanoes are formed by a host of geological processes-- in particular, one called subduction. During subduction, one of the earth's plates moves over another, pushing the underlying plate down toward the hotter parts of the earth. These giant slabs of earth are made of a variety of rocks and minerals, some of which melt before others as they sink toward the hot mantle. The melted rock, called magma, is lighter and more buoyant than the rocks around and above it. The magma makes its way upward through the earth's crust, often explosively, creating a volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When subduction stops, the fuel that fires a volcano slowly wanes. Here in Northern California, subduction has been slowing in a northward pattern. In other words, volcanic activity stopped first in the southern stretches near Hollister, then near Oakland, then in Sonoma. The area's volcanic rocks get younger and younger as you move northward, until you reach Mt. Lassen, a still active vent that last erupted in 1917.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The story behind Sibley's special volcano\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In its early days, Round Top was just a burbling crater. As it erupted, it filled itself with its own volcanic debris and, in time, lava piling on lava created a peak. With more eruptions, the volcano buried itself under hundreds of feet of lava and volcanic ash. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, nearby faults began to shift. Slices of the earth's crust moved northward, pushing and bumping things up against each other, creating folds and twists in the landscape. Caught in the action, the land under Round Top began to lean eastward, lifting and tilting until the volcano and all its roots were completely pushed over. The softer rocks that were exposed by this process eroded away, leaving behind a volcanic cauldron filled with its own material, its peak pointing to the east, toward the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help visualize Round Top's story, imagine the East Bay a bit differently than you usually do: it's no longer a series of neighborhoods comprising Berkeley and Oakland and nearby cities. It's one sprawling, continuous geological story. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tale is centered at Round Top, which is situated near the juncture of Skyline and Grizzly Peak boulevards in the Oakland hills. But the story streams out from there, across parts of the East Bay landscape. Each day, thousands of cars pass by one strand of it, a 150-foot-thick lava flow exposed just east of the Caldecott tunnel. Next time you're on that stretch of Highway 24, look up at the road cut. The dark brown diagonal rocks forming the high part of the cliff are made of a hardened volcanic rock called basalt.You're driving by lava that erupted from nearby Round Top ten million years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2516296191/\" title=\"9a. Welded cinder by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3111/2516296191_a714d06802_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"161\" alt=\"9a. Welded cinder\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Southeast of the tunnel, the rocks in Sibley park recount a variety of volcanic events. Outcrops of red and brown rocks record the impact of the steaming lava as it first rolled out onto the cooling surface of the earth. Two rows of broken basalts straddle a more fine-grained rock that was once a fluid lava that moved between the two cooling outer layers. And orange-ish blobs hiding in patches of grass are the result of lava fragments that welded together as they were flying from the volcano, a rare formation, and possibly the only example of it that you can see in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all these structures leave us impressed with Round Top's activity in its heyday, what really sets Sibley's volcano apart is that it reveals its inner workings to the public in a way rarely seen. Park visitors get a real geology lesson along with these interesting rock formations. To make matters even more revealing, Kaiser Sand and Gravel quarried the area comprising the park years ago. In doing so, they exposed the heart of the volcano, giving park visitors even more history to gander at. Hike out to the quarries and you'll find a variety of rock types in the remains of the quarry pits: hard basalt that was injected into the volcano, forming lakes inside it, and lighter materials like volcanic ash and mud that have been pushed up from horizontal to vertical.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geologists love road cuts and quarries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While digging and blasting the ground might pose some hazards to local biology, such acts can also reveal remarkable aspects of the earth that would otherwise remain hidden. \"Geologists love road cuts and quarries,\" says paleobotanist Steve Edwards, who mapped Round Top's history as part of his doctorate work. \"It's like an outdoor classroom, an incomparable display.\" And Sibley, in particular, presents visitors with rare opportunities. \"There is no other volcano in California whose deep interior is similarly exposed. It's a totally unique site,\" he says. \"It's absolutely incredible that we have this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Get Involved\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Without the help of dedicated volunteers and docents, the East Bay Regional Park District could not offer the public the variety of services and programs that it does. There are many year-round volunteer and docent opportunities for you, your family, or your school or civic group in the Regional Parks. For information, email us at \u003ca href=\"mailto:Volunteers@EBParks.org\">Volunteers@EBParks.org\u003c/a> or visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/about/getinvolved/volunteer\">the East Bay Regional Park District's website\u003c/a> for upcoming volunteer opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/835115@N22\">Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley\">Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/California/framework.html\">California Volcanoes and Volcanics\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/apr-jun-2005/voice-of-the-volcano\">Bay Nature: Voice of the Volcano\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As sure as the earth moves in Berkeley, there's a volcano just off Skyline Boulevard. Not just any volcano. This one's laying on its side with its guts exposed. At Sibley Regional Volcanic Preserve, you'll find the rocky body and layered underpinnings of one of the largest volcanoes that once dotted our geologic neighborhood.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp align=\"center\">\u003cem>This Exploration created in collaboration with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/imp/explo_logo_black3.gif\" border=\"0\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/sibley-volcanic-regional-preserve-exploration/map?embed=true\" marginheight=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003c/span>As sure as the earth moves in Oakland, there's a volcano just off Skyline Boulevard. Not just any volcano, mind you. This one's lying on its side with its guts exposed. You might not recognize it right away, owing to its reclining position and the grassy coat it's adopted. But among the shrubs and grasses at Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve, you'll find the rocky body and underpinnings of one of the largest of a handful of volcanoes that once dotted our geologic neighborhood. Join us and naturalist Steve Edwards of the East Bay Regional Park District on our latest Bay Area science hike.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Location\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>6800 Skyline Blvd, Oakland, CA 94611 [\u003ca href=\"http://tinyurl.com/6lj4lr\">Map\u003c/a>]\u003cbr>\nPhone: 888-EBPARKS (888-327-2757), option 3, extension 4554\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Open between 5 a.m. and 10 p.m. unless otherwise posted or permitted\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley\">Download a trail map\u003c/a> and more about the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Steve Edwards, Isa Polt-Jones and Rosemary Cameron of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org\">East Bay Regional Parks District\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Robin Marks contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sibley's Round Top: A Sideways Volcano\u003c/h2>\n\u003ch3>Volcanoes in the East Bay? Really?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2082/2516290125_6cbb5fd770_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"161\">\u003c/span>As sure as the earth moves in Berkeley, there's a volcano just off Skyline Boulevard. Not just any volcano, mind you. This one's laying on its side with its guts exposed. You might not recognize it right away, owing to its reclining position and the grassy coat it's adopted. But among the shrubs and grasses at Sibley Regional Volcanic Preserve, you'll find the rocky body and layered underpinnings of one of the largest of a handful of volcanoes that once dotted our geologic neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten million years ago, a vent now called Round Top sprouted in the Earth's crust and regularly spewed thick, gooey lava into its environs. At that time, Round Top stood upright, like a proper volcano, south of present-day San Jose. Over the millennia, the volcano's been ferried northward by the motion of nearby faults, a rugged journey that's changed the appearance of the mountain and the land around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A few volcanic basics\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2516284073/\" title=\"1b. How to make a volcano by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2249/2516284073_b277cb0a87_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"161\" alt=\"1b. How to make a volcano\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Volcanoes are formed by a host of geological processes-- in particular, one called subduction. During subduction, one of the earth's plates moves over another, pushing the underlying plate down toward the hotter parts of the earth. These giant slabs of earth are made of a variety of rocks and minerals, some of which melt before others as they sink toward the hot mantle. The melted rock, called magma, is lighter and more buoyant than the rocks around and above it. The magma makes its way upward through the earth's crust, often explosively, creating a volcano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When subduction stops, the fuel that fires a volcano slowly wanes. Here in Northern California, subduction has been slowing in a northward pattern. In other words, volcanic activity stopped first in the southern stretches near Hollister, then near Oakland, then in Sonoma. The area's volcanic rocks get younger and younger as you move northward, until you reach Mt. Lassen, a still active vent that last erupted in 1917.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The story behind Sibley's special volcano\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In its early days, Round Top was just a burbling crater. As it erupted, it filled itself with its own volcanic debris and, in time, lava piling on lava created a peak. With more eruptions, the volcano buried itself under hundreds of feet of lava and volcanic ash. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, nearby faults began to shift. Slices of the earth's crust moved northward, pushing and bumping things up against each other, creating folds and twists in the landscape. Caught in the action, the land under Round Top began to lean eastward, lifting and tilting until the volcano and all its roots were completely pushed over. The softer rocks that were exposed by this process eroded away, leaving behind a volcanic cauldron filled with its own material, its peak pointing to the east, toward the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help visualize Round Top's story, imagine the East Bay a bit differently than you usually do: it's no longer a series of neighborhoods comprising Berkeley and Oakland and nearby cities. It's one sprawling, continuous geological story. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tale is centered at Round Top, which is situated near the juncture of Skyline and Grizzly Peak boulevards in the Oakland hills. But the story streams out from there, across parts of the East Bay landscape. Each day, thousands of cars pass by one strand of it, a 150-foot-thick lava flow exposed just east of the Caldecott tunnel. Next time you're on that stretch of Highway 24, look up at the road cut. The dark brown diagonal rocks forming the high part of the cliff are made of a hardened volcanic rock called basalt.You're driving by lava that erupted from nearby Round Top ten million years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2516296191/\" title=\"9a. Welded cinder by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3111/2516296191_a714d06802_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"161\" alt=\"9a. Welded cinder\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Southeast of the tunnel, the rocks in Sibley park recount a variety of volcanic events. Outcrops of red and brown rocks record the impact of the steaming lava as it first rolled out onto the cooling surface of the earth. Two rows of broken basalts straddle a more fine-grained rock that was once a fluid lava that moved between the two cooling outer layers. And orange-ish blobs hiding in patches of grass are the result of lava fragments that welded together as they were flying from the volcano, a rare formation, and possibly the only example of it that you can see in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all these structures leave us impressed with Round Top's activity in its heyday, what really sets Sibley's volcano apart is that it reveals its inner workings to the public in a way rarely seen. Park visitors get a real geology lesson along with these interesting rock formations. To make matters even more revealing, Kaiser Sand and Gravel quarried the area comprising the park years ago. In doing so, they exposed the heart of the volcano, giving park visitors even more history to gander at. Hike out to the quarries and you'll find a variety of rock types in the remains of the quarry pits: hard basalt that was injected into the volcano, forming lakes inside it, and lighter materials like volcanic ash and mud that have been pushed up from horizontal to vertical.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Geologists love road cuts and quarries\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While digging and blasting the ground might pose some hazards to local biology, such acts can also reveal remarkable aspects of the earth that would otherwise remain hidden. \"Geologists love road cuts and quarries,\" says paleobotanist Steve Edwards, who mapped Round Top's history as part of his doctorate work. \"It's like an outdoor classroom, an incomparable display.\" And Sibley, in particular, presents visitors with rare opportunities. \"There is no other volcano in California whose deep interior is similarly exposed. It's a totally unique site,\" he says. \"It's absolutely incredible that we have this.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Get Involved\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Without the help of dedicated volunteers and docents, the East Bay Regional Park District could not offer the public the variety of services and programs that it does. There are many year-round volunteer and docent opportunities for you, your family, or your school or civic group in the Regional Parks. For information, email us at \u003ca href=\"mailto:Volunteers@EBParks.org\">Volunteers@EBParks.org\u003c/a> or visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/about/getinvolved/volunteer\">the East Bay Regional Park District's website\u003c/a> for upcoming volunteer opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/835115@N22\">Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/sibley\">Sibley Volcanic Regional Preserve\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://vulcan.wr.usgs.gov/Volcanoes/California/framework.html\">California Volcanoes and Volcanics\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/apr-jun-2005/voice-of-the-volcano\">Bay Nature: Voice of the Volcano\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Briones Regional Park",
"title": "Exploring Briones Regional Park",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/briones-regional-park-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a 10-minute drive from Berkeley, Briones Regional Park is a 6,117 acre park in Contra Costa County. With rolling hills and narrow valleys, the park can be accessed from Lafayette, Orinda, and Pleasant Hill. Its home to plentiful East Bay wildlife, including birds, snakes and newts. In some areas, it's still used as grazing land by local herds, part of a cattle ranching history that's more than 100 years old. The park's ridge tops offer stunning views of Mount Diablo and the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Location\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alhambra Staging Area \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&hl=en&geocode=&view=map&saddr=37.927545,-122.156296&daddr=&mra=mi&mrsp=0&sz=13&sll=37.934585,-122.154408&sspn=0.063092,0.132523&ie=UTF8&z=13\">[Map]\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n2537 Reliez Valley Road Martinez, CA\u003cbr>\nPhone: 925-370-3020\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is open from 8am-10pm\u003cbr>\nThere is a $3 parking fee at most staging areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/briones\">Download a trail map\u003c/a> and more about the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Megan Platt and Rosemary Cameron of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org\">East Bay Regional Parks District\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Lauren Sommer contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>California Newts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2436286491/\" title=\"10a. California Newt by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3064/2436286491_c85cd7cdd2_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"144\" alt=\"10a. California Newt\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>One of the most unique species found in Briones Regional Park is the California Newt (\u003cem>Taricha torosa\u003c/em>). With a brown dorsal and bright orange belly, they look almost exactly the same as another amphibian found in the park, the rough-skinned newt (\u003cem>Taricha granulosa\u003c/em>). Their coloring isn't just for decoration. California newts are actually poisonous. They contain tetrodotoxin, or TTX, the same neurotoxin found in pufferfish. The toxin acts as a deterrent against predators, but recently, scientists discovered that one predator, the garter snake, had found an advantage. Charles T. Hanifin, an evolutionary biologist at Stanford, and colleagues studied 20,000 garter snakes and 500 newts in habitats along the Pacific Coast. They discovered in four areas, garter snakes had developed a resistance to the newts' poison. One of the areas is Briones Reservoir, directly next to Briones Regional Park. This toxic arms race between species is known as \"co-evolution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Newt Migration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2435084928/\" title=\"2a. Oaks by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3135/2435084928_931aef2ac1_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" alt=\"2a. Oaks\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>As amphibians, California newts spend their lives both on land and in the water. Every year, beginning in December or January, the newts leave their dwellings on land and make a migration to ponds or bodies of water for mating season. During this time of year, newts can be seen on trails and roads in many parks throughout the East Bay. In fact, South Park drive in Tilden Regional Park is closed each year during newt mating season. Local rangers found that so many newts were being crushed by cars while migrating, they recommended closing the road between November and April.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Newt Love\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2435012390/\" title=\"8e. Newt Egg Cluster by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2081/2435012390_200773caa3_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" alt=\"8e. Newt Egg Cluster\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Once they arrive in the ponds, the newts mate and females lay their eggs in a tight ball. It may seems surprising that newts spend this part of their lives in stock ponds - ponds that were created for and are used by cattle. In a recent study though, biologists found that stock ponds are actually more ideal habitats for some amphibians like tiger salamanders, also found in East Bay parks. The cattle keep dense brush from forming on the edges of the ponds, which can be difficult for the small salamanders to get through. Cattle also stir up the pond waters, making them murkier. This can actually protect young salamanders and newts, often preyed upon by giant water bugs (also known as toe-biters). The muddy water provides useful cover for the larval amphibians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Park's History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the 1800's, most of Briones was working ranchland. In 1829, Felipe Briones built a homestead in Briones on the cattle ranch known as Rancho Boca de la Canada del Pinole. When Briones was killed in 1840, and his widow, Maria Manuela Valencia Briones, petitioned California Governor Alvarado for a land grant in her name. California was then part of Mexico, and when it became a state, Maria Briones' grant was called into question. The US Supreme Court finally upheld her grant in 1860.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the subsequent decades, Briones continued as a ranch under several owners who developed orchards and cultivated fruit, as much of Contra Costa County was used in that time. Around the turn of the century, the People's Water Company (later acquired by the East Bay Municipal Utility District) purchased Briones. The nearby San Pablo Dam was constructed in 1923. The East Bay Regional Parks District later acquired Briones and opened the park in 1967. Even today, parts of Briones are still used by cattle herds for grazing. With summer heat and dry grasses, fire danger is a major concern for the park district. Through managed grazing with both cattle and goats, park managers are able to keep this fuel load down.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hiking Tips\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With its rolling hills and narrow creeks, Briones Regional Park is nestled in the East Bay Hills. The park is home to a broad range of wildlife, from squirrels and dear, to turkey vultures, red-tailed hawks and California Newts. Hikes should also be aware of rattlesnakes and the occasional mountain lion. There are six species of native oak trees in the park, from Valley Oaks to the more rare Blue Oaks. As a transitional area, Briones is home to species from both the California coastal habitats and the interior habitats of the Central Valley and Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Events in Briones Regional Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The East Bay Regional Park District offers a number of activities in Briones Regional Park and many other nearby parks. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/briones\">Check out their website for guided hikes, events, and classes\u003c/a> to sharpen your outdoor skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Wildlife\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you're interested in learning more about the wildlife of the East Bay, the Tilden Nature Area programs offers many options in Berkeley's \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\" target=\"_blank\">Tilden Regional Park\u003c/a>. Take a guided hike with a naturalist to search for the local flora and fauna, including the local California Newts. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Volunteer in Briones\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Briones Regional Park and many others rely on local volunteers to maintain the trails and do habitat restoration. There are even opportunities in their wildlife program. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/about/getinvolved/volunteer\" target=\"_top\">Learn more about how to volunteer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/751547@N21\">Briones Regional Park photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?where-genus=Taricha&where-species=torosa\">AmphibiaWeb: California Newt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?where-genus=Taricha&where-species=granulosa\">AmphibiaWeb: Rough Skinned Newt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaherps.com/index.html\">More about California Amphibians\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "15130 http://science.kqed.org/quest/science-hike/briones-regional-park-exploration/",
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"excerpt": "Just a 10-minute drive from Berkeley, Briones Regional Park is home to plentiful East Bay wildlife, including birds, snakes and newts. The park's ridge tops offer stunning views of Mount Diablo and the San Francisco Bay.",
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"headline": "Exploring Briones Regional Park",
"datePublished": "2008-05-21T18:32:54-07:00",
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"slug": "briones-regional-park-exploration",
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"sourceUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/tag/science-hike/",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.everytrail.com/guide/briones-regional-park-exploration/map?%20embed=true\" width=\"980\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a 10-minute drive from Berkeley, Briones Regional Park is a 6,117 acre park in Contra Costa County. With rolling hills and narrow valleys, the park can be accessed from Lafayette, Orinda, and Pleasant Hill. Its home to plentiful East Bay wildlife, including birds, snakes and newts. In some areas, it's still used as grazing land by local herds, part of a cattle ranching history that's more than 100 years old. The park's ridge tops offer stunning views of Mount Diablo and the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Location\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Alhambra Staging Area \u003ca href=\"http://maps.google.com/maps?f=d&hl=en&geocode=&view=map&saddr=37.927545,-122.156296&daddr=&mra=mi&mrsp=0&sz=13&sll=37.934585,-122.154408&sspn=0.063092,0.132523&ie=UTF8&z=13\">[Map]\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n2537 Reliez Valley Road Martinez, CA\u003cbr>\nPhone: 925-370-3020\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The park is open from 8am-10pm\u003cbr>\nThere is a $3 parking fee at most staging areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/briones\">Download a trail map\u003c/a> and more about the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Special thanks to Megan Platt and Rosemary Cameron of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org\">East Bay Regional Parks District\u003c/a> for their participation.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Lauren Sommer contributed to this Exploration.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003ch2>California Newts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2436286491/\" title=\"10a. California Newt by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3064/2436286491_c85cd7cdd2_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"144\" alt=\"10a. California Newt\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>One of the most unique species found in Briones Regional Park is the California Newt (\u003cem>Taricha torosa\u003c/em>). With a brown dorsal and bright orange belly, they look almost exactly the same as another amphibian found in the park, the rough-skinned newt (\u003cem>Taricha granulosa\u003c/em>). Their coloring isn't just for decoration. California newts are actually poisonous. They contain tetrodotoxin, or TTX, the same neurotoxin found in pufferfish. The toxin acts as a deterrent against predators, but recently, scientists discovered that one predator, the garter snake, had found an advantage. Charles T. Hanifin, an evolutionary biologist at Stanford, and colleagues studied 20,000 garter snakes and 500 newts in habitats along the Pacific Coast. They discovered in four areas, garter snakes had developed a resistance to the newts' poison. One of the areas is Briones Reservoir, directly next to Briones Regional Park. This toxic arms race between species is known as \"co-evolution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Newt Migration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2435084928/\" title=\"2a. Oaks by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3135/2435084928_931aef2ac1_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" alt=\"2a. Oaks\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>As amphibians, California newts spend their lives both on land and in the water. Every year, beginning in December or January, the newts leave their dwellings on land and make a migration to ponds or bodies of water for mating season. During this time of year, newts can be seen on trails and roads in many parks throughout the East Bay. In fact, South Park drive in Tilden Regional Park is closed each year during newt mating season. Local rangers found that so many newts were being crushed by cars while migrating, they recommended closing the road between November and April.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Newt Love\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/2435012390/\" title=\"8e. Newt Egg Cluster by kqedquest, on Flickr\">\u003cimg src=\"http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2081/2435012390_200773caa3_m.jpg\" width=\"240\" height=\"160\" alt=\"8e. Newt Egg Cluster\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>Once they arrive in the ponds, the newts mate and females lay their eggs in a tight ball. It may seems surprising that newts spend this part of their lives in stock ponds - ponds that were created for and are used by cattle. In a recent study though, biologists found that stock ponds are actually more ideal habitats for some amphibians like tiger salamanders, also found in East Bay parks. The cattle keep dense brush from forming on the edges of the ponds, which can be difficult for the small salamanders to get through. Cattle also stir up the pond waters, making them murkier. This can actually protect young salamanders and newts, often preyed upon by giant water bugs (also known as toe-biters). The muddy water provides useful cover for the larval amphibians.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Park's History\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the 1800's, most of Briones was working ranchland. In 1829, Felipe Briones built a homestead in Briones on the cattle ranch known as Rancho Boca de la Canada del Pinole. When Briones was killed in 1840, and his widow, Maria Manuela Valencia Briones, petitioned California Governor Alvarado for a land grant in her name. California was then part of Mexico, and when it became a state, Maria Briones' grant was called into question. The US Supreme Court finally upheld her grant in 1860.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the subsequent decades, Briones continued as a ranch under several owners who developed orchards and cultivated fruit, as much of Contra Costa County was used in that time. Around the turn of the century, the People's Water Company (later acquired by the East Bay Municipal Utility District) purchased Briones. The nearby San Pablo Dam was constructed in 1923. The East Bay Regional Parks District later acquired Briones and opened the park in 1967. Even today, parts of Briones are still used by cattle herds for grazing. With summer heat and dry grasses, fire danger is a major concern for the park district. Through managed grazing with both cattle and goats, park managers are able to keep this fuel load down.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Hiking Tips\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With its rolling hills and narrow creeks, Briones Regional Park is nestled in the East Bay Hills. The park is home to a broad range of wildlife, from squirrels and dear, to turkey vultures, red-tailed hawks and California Newts. Hikes should also be aware of rattlesnakes and the occasional mountain lion. There are six species of native oak trees in the park, from Valley Oaks to the more rare Blue Oaks. As a transitional area, Briones is home to species from both the California coastal habitats and the interior habitats of the Central Valley and Sierra foothills.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Events in Briones Regional Park\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The East Bay Regional Park District offers a number of activities in Briones Regional Park and many other nearby parks. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/briones\">Check out their website for guided hikes, events, and classes\u003c/a> to sharpen your outdoor skills.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Learn More About Wildlife\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you're interested in learning more about the wildlife of the East Bay, the Tilden Nature Area programs offers many options in Berkeley's \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/tilden\" target=\"_blank\">Tilden Regional Park\u003c/a>. Take a guided hike with a naturalist to search for the local flora and fauna, including the local California Newts. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Volunteer in Briones\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Briones Regional Park and many others rely on local volunteers to maintain the trails and do habitat restoration. There are even opportunities in their wildlife program. \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/about/getinvolved/volunteer\" target=\"_top\">Learn more about how to volunteer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Latest Visitor Photos\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Join the \u003ca href=\"http://flickr.com/groups/751547@N21\">Briones Regional Park photo group on Flickr\u003c/a> to share your photos of this amazing place.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Additional Links\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?where-genus=Taricha&where-species=torosa\">AmphibiaWeb: California Newt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.amphibiaweb.org/cgi-bin/amphib_query?where-genus=Taricha&where-species=granulosa\">AmphibiaWeb: Rough Skinned Newt\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.californiaherps.com/index.html\">More about California Amphibians\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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