QUEST Northern CaliforniaQUEST Northern California
KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.
How Do Gulls Know When Giants Games are Ending?
Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work
Meditation May Enhance the Strength of Neural Networks
A Year in the Life of an Ice Giant
Petroleum in the Bay Area
Science on the SPOT: Journey of the San Francisco Bay Trail
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20492\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending/gullattpark/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20492\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/GullATTPark-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"GullATTPark\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20492\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gulls making fast work of AT&T Park leftovers. Credit: Flickr, Malingering.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work/\">QUEST radio story on Monday\u003c/a>, I cover the Bay Area's California gull population becoming a major concern for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Thousands of acres of industrial salt ponds are being restored for shorebirds and other wildlife. And that restoration work is creating a big opportunity for some very aggressive gulls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reporting the story, I stumbled upon a mystery that's well-known to San Francisco Giants fans: Some gulls have an uncanny way of showing up at AT&T Park during the eighth or ninth inning of a ballgame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day game or night game, the gulls bizarrely seem to know when the game is close to ending, pouncing on leftover hot dogs and garlic fries. As Giants broadcaster Mike Krukow said, \"if you were a gull, where would you be?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of popular theories about how the gulls time their arrival so well. Do they recognize the illustrious beard of Giants closer Brian Wilson? Do they know “Take Me Out to the Ballgame,” a tune that's always sung during the seventh inning stretch?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke to a few local experts to get their take...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dan Murphy, Volunteer with Golden Gate Audubon:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It's a crime of opportunity. They're very well attuned to our behavior and our trash. When there are large numbers of people in the stands, gulls don't come into the ballpark. But they can sense when things are starting to wind down. A lot of people leave the game before it's over, so they might be clued in by people moving out of the upper deck toward the eighth inning. That makes sense since they seem to settle on the left field side first.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If a game goes into extra innings, the gulls still seem to know when the ninth inning is. You'll see them sitting on the roof or on the big glove in the outfield, waiting for the game to end. That may still be due to the fans that leave early, but they seem to have a sense of how long games normally go. It's likely that a few birds are always watching and as soon as a few birds go in, others will follow. They're really good at what they do. They find food sources and use them to the max.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>David Shuford, Biologist with PRBO Conservation Science:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Gulls spend their day cruising around a lot. But once they figure something out, they tend to come back. So even though the ninth inning doesn't happen at the same time each day, once a few gulls pick up on it, you'll soon have a crowd. It's possible that they can recognize the sounds, too, like songs that are played during the game. Gulls are pretty good about sound. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, they're really good at figuring things out. Like when local dumps are closed on the weekends, the gulls seem to know that and don't show up on those days. It's hard to know if they truly know what Saturday is. They may just be cruising by and not see any action, so they don't land. But they seem to recognize the pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gulls have an advantage - they're total generalists. They're smart and they're tough. They can eat just about anything too. They go after fish, garbage, and other birds. Some of our work on the Farallon Islands has shown that gulls can actually recognize certain individual people as well.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Josh Ackerman, Research Wildlife Biologist with USGS:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They do exactly that same thing at the landfills in the Bay Area. We've done studies on gulls where we've tagged them with transmitters and tracked them daily for two years. California gulls depend on a few of the landfills in the South Bay for food. They arrive exactly when the dumps open and leave right when they close, since the trash piles are covered up when the landfill isn't operating. From our studies, we know that the gulls cover a lot of territory during the day, so it's not a big deal for them to travel to find food. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>George Costa, Senior Vice President of Ballpark Operations at AT&T Park:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've seen an uptick. There seem to be more gulls lately. They always time their arrival to an inning or two innings before the game ends. They're creatures of habit. They know where the food is and that crowds mean food. They're never here except for game days, but if there's a game, they crash the party every night. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a series of triggers that tells them it's time. They see the lights and the crowds. There are food smells, like the garlic fries. It's a combination of all those things. You'll see the gulls line up on the left field roof before the game ends. We see the scouts come in and they cue the rest of the gulls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a nuisance really and the fans don't enjoy it. So we're looking at a variety of possibilities to deal with it, including having a falcon on site. They've used them at other ballparks and they seem to work there. You won't get rid of the gulls completely, but we think it would get rid of about 80 percent. We have to retrain these gulls.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Gulls mysteriously show up at AT&T Park during the ninth inning of every San Francisco Giants game. How do they time their arrival so well? Local experts weigh in.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20492\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/15/how-do-gulls-know-when-giants-games-are-ending/gullattpark/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20492\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/GullATTPark-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"GullATTPark\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20492\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gulls making fast work of AT&T Park leftovers. Credit: Flickr, Malingering.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/gulls-threaten-south-bay-salt-pond-restoration-work/\">QUEST radio story on Monday\u003c/a>, I cover the Bay Area's California gull population becoming a major concern for the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project. Thousands of acres of industrial salt ponds are being restored for shorebirds and other wildlife. And that restoration work is creating a big opportunity for some very aggressive gulls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reporting the story, I stumbled upon a mystery that's well-known to San Francisco Giants fans: Some gulls have an uncanny way of showing up at AT&T Park during the eighth or ninth inning of a ballgame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day game or night game, the gulls bizarrely seem to know when the game is close to ending, pouncing on leftover hot dogs and garlic fries. As Giants broadcaster Mike Krukow said, \"if you were a gull, where would you be?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of popular theories about how the gulls time their arrival so well. Do they recognize the illustrious beard of Giants closer Brian Wilson? Do they know “Take Me Out to the Ballgame,” a tune that's always sung during the seventh inning stretch?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spoke to a few local experts to get their take...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dan Murphy, Volunteer with Golden Gate Audubon:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>It's a crime of opportunity. They're very well attuned to our behavior and our trash. When there are large numbers of people in the stands, gulls don't come into the ballpark. But they can sense when things are starting to wind down. A lot of people leave the game before it's over, so they might be clued in by people moving out of the upper deck toward the eighth inning. That makes sense since they seem to settle on the left field side first.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If a game goes into extra innings, the gulls still seem to know when the ninth inning is. You'll see them sitting on the roof or on the big glove in the outfield, waiting for the game to end. That may still be due to the fans that leave early, but they seem to have a sense of how long games normally go. It's likely that a few birds are always watching and as soon as a few birds go in, others will follow. They're really good at what they do. They find food sources and use them to the max.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>David Shuford, Biologist with PRBO Conservation Science:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Gulls spend their day cruising around a lot. But once they figure something out, they tend to come back. So even though the ninth inning doesn't happen at the same time each day, once a few gulls pick up on it, you'll soon have a crowd. It's possible that they can recognize the sounds, too, like songs that are played during the game. Gulls are pretty good about sound. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, they're really good at figuring things out. Like when local dumps are closed on the weekends, the gulls seem to know that and don't show up on those days. It's hard to know if they truly know what Saturday is. They may just be cruising by and not see any action, so they don't land. But they seem to recognize the pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gulls have an advantage - they're total generalists. They're smart and they're tough. They can eat just about anything too. They go after fish, garbage, and other birds. Some of our work on the Farallon Islands has shown that gulls can actually recognize certain individual people as well.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Josh Ackerman, Research Wildlife Biologist with USGS:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They do exactly that same thing at the landfills in the Bay Area. We've done studies on gulls where we've tagged them with transmitters and tracked them daily for two years. California gulls depend on a few of the landfills in the South Bay for food. They arrive exactly when the dumps open and leave right when they close, since the trash piles are covered up when the landfill isn't operating. From our studies, we know that the gulls cover a lot of territory during the day, so it's not a big deal for them to travel to find food. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>George Costa, Senior Vice President of Ballpark Operations at AT&T Park:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've seen an uptick. There seem to be more gulls lately. They always time their arrival to an inning or two innings before the game ends. They're creatures of habit. They know where the food is and that crowds mean food. They're never here except for game days, but if there's a game, they crash the party every night. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a series of triggers that tells them it's time. They see the lights and the crowds. There are food smells, like the garlic fries. It's a combination of all those things. You'll see the gulls line up on the left field roof before the game ends. We see the scouts come in and they cue the rest of the gulls. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a nuisance really and the fans don't enjoy it. So we're looking at a variety of possibilities to deal with it, including having a falcon on site. They've used them at other ballparks and they seem to work there. You won't get rid of the gulls completely, but we think it would get rid of about 80 percent. We have to retrain these gulls.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Gulls Threaten South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Work",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-18-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20423\" title=\"Gull-photo\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Gull-photo-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California gull tagged by USGS scientists. Credit: Josh Ackerman/USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most ambitious wetland restoration projects in the country is underway in San Francisco Bay. For more than a century, the South Bay shoreline has been home to industrial salt ponds. Now, thousands of acres of those ponds are being restored for shorebirds and wildlife. But that is creating an opportunity for a very problematic bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's gulls are well-known to San Francisco Giants fans. At one recent game, as the Giants staged a late comeback during the ninth inning hundreds of gulls appeared out of the night sky. Like clockwork, they show up just before the game ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Don't ask me how. They just know,\" says Mike Krukow, a broadcaster with the Giants. \"They come in and it's always with two outs to go in the ninth inning and there they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attraction, of course, is the food. \"It's pizza. They've got garlic fries. They really love the garlic fries by the way,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How gulls time their arrival so well is a little bit of a mystery. But their numbers have grown so high that the ballpark is considering bringing in a falcon to scare them away. But that's not possible everywhere...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South Bay Shorebirds on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southern end of the bay near Alviso, a crew from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/\">US Geological Survey\u003c/a> is working on a small island in the middle of a former salt pond. It's home to a colony of \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Forsters_Tern/lifehistory\">Forster's terns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey, what was the band number on that chick?\" asks Garth Herring, one of the scientists on the project. The team measures and bands the small, speckled tern chicks. A few of them get radio transmitters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When that transmitter is attached to a live chick, the transmitter beeps at a very specific rate,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the chick dies, the beep slows down. But you might wonder – why do they need to know if a chick is dead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just to the north of us roughly about a mile, there's one of the largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/california_gull/id\">California gull\u003c/a> colonies. They'll come in, grab the chick. And they get back to the gull colony and they regurgitate to their chicks,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point the tern chick – and transmitter – is inside the gull – until it passes through, that is. That's when Herring and his team go looking for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pretty common that we find just a small pile of bones, the radio transmitter and the band that was associated with that Forster's tern chick,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herring says they've found that gulls only prey on the terns at certain times of day. \"It's timed pretty well with when the local landfill sites are closing down. They're flying back to the colonies and are picking up chicks probably around 6 o'clock on average.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 40 percent of the tern chicks they tagged were eaten by gulls. \"It certainly does suggest that California gulls do have the potential to have a big impact on these breeding water birds here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gulls Gone Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're the big bully,\" says Cheryl Strong , a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. \"They're very opportunistic and they do really well with humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California gulls didn't always call San Francisco Bay home. In the 1980s, a small group began nesting on one of the salt ponds. Now, that population has exploded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California gulls are one of the earliest nesting species and they're also probably the most aggressive. So they show up first that they can easily take over an area,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a> has spent millions restoring pond habitat for Forster's terns, American avocets and the threatened western snowy plover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's a conservation Catch-22. As more habitat is restored for shorebirds, it also creates more habitat for gulls. And as former salt ponds are flooded during the restoration, the gulls are looking for new places to nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With 40,000 gulls, there's not a lot of room for other birds,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong says the Fish and Wildlife Service is writing a plan to manage the gulls. One option is killing the birds. But gulls can live up to 25 years and with an endless food source at landfills nearby, she says there's only so much they could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're talking about removing birds lethally, it's just not feasible. They are a part of our landscape, like it or not,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they're trying something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gull Hazing Underway\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So up ahead there are some gulls doing some courtship behaviors on the levee which is definitely a bad sign,\" says Caitlin Robinson-Nilsen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbbo.org/\">San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory\u003c/a>. She's looking at a large flock of gulls on a salt pond near Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of the areas where we definitely don't want them to nest. One of the salt ponds we're standing right next to is a historic nesting site of the western snowy plover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Robinson-Nilsen's job is to haze the gulls. She uses a whistle and walks down the levee. The gulls aren't happy about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They'll dive bomb you and hit you in your head. They're very good at pooping you. They have pretty good aim that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson-Nislen says they're hazing gulls twice a day to keep them from nesting next to sensitive shorebirds. So far, it looks like it's working. But with millions of tax dollars being spent on restoring more habitat, biologists expect they'll be doing a lot more gull management in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/outreach.aspx?RecordID=54\">Help Track the California Gull\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-18-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20423\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20423\" title=\"Gull-photo\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Gull-photo-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A California gull tagged by USGS scientists. Credit: Josh Ackerman/USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the most ambitious wetland restoration projects in the country is underway in San Francisco Bay. For more than a century, the South Bay shoreline has been home to industrial salt ponds. Now, thousands of acres of those ponds are being restored for shorebirds and wildlife. But that is creating an opportunity for a very problematic bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area's gulls are well-known to San Francisco Giants fans. At one recent game, as the Giants staged a late comeback during the ninth inning hundreds of gulls appeared out of the night sky. Like clockwork, they show up just before the game ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Don't ask me how. They just know,\" says Mike Krukow, a broadcaster with the Giants. \"They come in and it's always with two outs to go in the ninth inning and there they are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attraction, of course, is the food. \"It's pizza. They've got garlic fries. They really love the garlic fries by the way,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How gulls time their arrival so well is a little bit of a mystery. But their numbers have grown so high that the ballpark is considering bringing in a falcon to scare them away. But that's not possible everywhere...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South Bay Shorebirds on the Menu\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the southern end of the bay near Alviso, a crew from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/\">US Geological Survey\u003c/a> is working on a small island in the middle of a former salt pond. It's home to a colony of \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Forsters_Tern/lifehistory\">Forster's terns\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey, what was the band number on that chick?\" asks Garth Herring, one of the scientists on the project. The team measures and bands the small, speckled tern chicks. A few of them get radio transmitters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When that transmitter is attached to a live chick, the transmitter beeps at a very specific rate,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the chick dies, the beep slows down. But you might wonder – why do they need to know if a chick is dead?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just to the north of us roughly about a mile, there's one of the largest \u003ca href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/california_gull/id\">California gull\u003c/a> colonies. They'll come in, grab the chick. And they get back to the gull colony and they regurgitate to their chicks,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point the tern chick – and transmitter – is inside the gull – until it passes through, that is. That's when Herring and his team go looking for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's pretty common that we find just a small pile of bones, the radio transmitter and the band that was associated with that Forster's tern chick,\" says Herring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herring says they've found that gulls only prey on the terns at certain times of day. \"It's timed pretty well with when the local landfill sites are closing down. They're flying back to the colonies and are picking up chicks probably around 6 o'clock on average.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, 40 percent of the tern chicks they tagged were eaten by gulls. \"It certainly does suggest that California gulls do have the potential to have a big impact on these breeding water birds here,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gulls Gone Wild\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're the big bully,\" says Cheryl Strong , a biologist with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. \"They're very opportunistic and they do really well with humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California gulls didn't always call San Francisco Bay home. In the 1980s, a small group began nesting on one of the salt ponds. Now, that population has exploded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California gulls are one of the earliest nesting species and they're also probably the most aggressive. So they show up first that they can easily take over an area,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a> has spent millions restoring pond habitat for Forster's terns, American avocets and the threatened western snowy plover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's a conservation Catch-22. As more habitat is restored for shorebirds, it also creates more habitat for gulls. And as former salt ponds are flooded during the restoration, the gulls are looking for new places to nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With 40,000 gulls, there's not a lot of room for other birds,\" says Strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong says the Fish and Wildlife Service is writing a plan to manage the gulls. One option is killing the birds. But gulls can live up to 25 years and with an endless food source at landfills nearby, she says there's only so much they could do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're talking about removing birds lethally, it's just not feasible. They are a part of our landscape, like it or not,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, they're trying something else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Gull Hazing Underway\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So up ahead there are some gulls doing some courtship behaviors on the levee which is definitely a bad sign,\" says Caitlin Robinson-Nilsen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfbbo.org/\">San Francisco Bay Bird Observatory\u003c/a>. She's looking at a large flock of gulls on a salt pond near Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of the areas where we definitely don't want them to nest. One of the salt ponds we're standing right next to is a historic nesting site of the western snowy plover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Robinson-Nilsen's job is to haze the gulls. She uses a whistle and walks down the levee. The gulls aren't happy about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They'll dive bomb you and hit you in your head. They're very good at pooping you. They have pretty good aim that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinson-Nislen says they're hazing gulls twice a day to keep them from nesting next to sensitive shorebirds. So far, it looks like it's working. But with millions of tax dollars being spent on restoring more habitat, biologists expect they'll be doing a lot more gull management in the years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"text-decoration: underline\">\u003cstrong>Additional Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.southbayrestoration.org/\">South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/outreach.aspx?RecordID=54\">Help Track the California Gull\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/neptune.jpg\">\u003cem>The \"Ice Giant\" Neptune. Credit: NASA/Voyager 2\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would you believe we discovered the planet Neptune only one year ago? Weird; I seem to have heard about this planet all my life—it was even my favorite planet at one point, back in childhood. What's this paradox?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, not a paradox—just semantics. It has been one year since Neptune's discovery. One Neptunian year. It takes Neptune, the most distant known (official) planet, about 165 years to orbit the Sun one time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing the math backward, 2011 – 165 = 1846. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/neptune-circuit.html\">Neptune \u003c/a>was officially discovered on September 23rd of that year in a sort of virtual team effort-slash-international-rivalry extravaganza by at least three people. (To be nit-picky, it was actually July 12th when Neptune completed one Neptunian year since its discovery, since the Neptunian year is a couple of months short of exactly 165 Earth years....)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually, the discovery of a celestial object is credited to one individual: the first to spot it through a telescope. Sometimes there is battle over the credit because two people may have spotted the object around the same time, and documented proof of who found it first is needed to settle the debate, or lack thereof to let the controversy go on. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Neptune was the first planet to be discovered mathematically, based on observed perturbations in the motion of Uranus (Uranus, incidentally, was the first planet to actually be discovered; it's difficult to say that any of the other planets were \"discovered\" in the conventional sense, as all of them—Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn—are naked-eye objects, and so have been available to human eyesight since human eyesight was invented). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Neptune's case, in France and in England, Alexis Bouvard and John Couch Adams, respectively, each deduced that Uranus' orbital perturbation was caused by the influence of another as yet undiscovered planet. Another Frenchman, Urbain Le Verrier, mathematically predicted the position of this unseen lurker, and German astronomer Johann Galle turned a telescope to the predicted position, finding Neptune less than a degree away. Eventually, credit for Neptune's discovery—or at least the process of discovery--was divvied up among the group. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why was Neptune once my favorite planet in childhood? Well…because it's blue, of course! Just as good a reason as any, and blue was my favorite color. Like its slightly larger near-twin, Uranus, Neptune's upper atmosphere is made mostly of hydrogen and helium gas, but the presence of methane tints it blue. The thick atmospheric shell is believed to extend downward 10 to 20 percent the distance to the planet's center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deeper down is thought to exist a mantle containing significant amounts of volatile materials, like methane, ammonia, and water. This hot, dense, high-pressure fluid shell might be thought of as an \"ocean\" more than an atmosphere—although the distinction between gas and liquid is blurred by the extraordinary temperature and pressure of the material (taking an extreme example of what I mean, even the Sun's core, with a density a hundred times greater than liquid water on Earth, is considered a gas--or plasma--by virtue of its great temperature). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, sometimes Neptune, and Uranus, are referred to as \"liquid giants\"—or even \"ice giants\", though it's difficult for me to reconcile the term \"ice\" with the multi-thousand degree temperatures deep down inside these worlds….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under all that stuff, Neptune's solid core, made of rock and nickel iron primarily, has a mass not much greater than planet Earth—as if, at the center of this giant piece of liquid confection, there exists a crunchy center, a shrouded planet Earth. What a gem! And maybe literally, as it is speculated that deep inside the planet's mantle, carbon atoms coming from methane may be squeezed by the pressure into diamond crystals, which \"rain\" down upon the rocky core. Neptune, planet of riches…if only….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Chabot, we'll be having a Neptune's First Anniversary since Discovery celebration on that date, September 23rd. Hope you can join us!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/neptune.jpg\">\u003cem>The \"Ice Giant\" Neptune. Credit: NASA/Voyager 2\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would you believe we discovered the planet Neptune only one year ago? Weird; I seem to have heard about this planet all my life—it was even my favorite planet at one point, back in childhood. What's this paradox?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, not a paradox—just semantics. It has been one year since Neptune's discovery. One Neptunian year. It takes Neptune, the most distant known (official) planet, about 165 years to orbit the Sun one time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doing the math backward, 2011 – 165 = 1846. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/hubble/science/neptune-circuit.html\">Neptune \u003c/a>was officially discovered on September 23rd of that year in a sort of virtual team effort-slash-international-rivalry extravaganza by at least three people. (To be nit-picky, it was actually July 12th when Neptune completed one Neptunian year since its discovery, since the Neptunian year is a couple of months short of exactly 165 Earth years....)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Usually, the discovery of a celestial object is credited to one individual: the first to spot it through a telescope. Sometimes there is battle over the credit because two people may have spotted the object around the same time, and documented proof of who found it first is needed to settle the debate, or lack thereof to let the controversy go on. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Neptune was the first planet to be discovered mathematically, based on observed perturbations in the motion of Uranus (Uranus, incidentally, was the first planet to actually be discovered; it's difficult to say that any of the other planets were \"discovered\" in the conventional sense, as all of them—Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn—are naked-eye objects, and so have been available to human eyesight since human eyesight was invented). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Neptune's case, in France and in England, Alexis Bouvard and John Couch Adams, respectively, each deduced that Uranus' orbital perturbation was caused by the influence of another as yet undiscovered planet. Another Frenchman, Urbain Le Verrier, mathematically predicted the position of this unseen lurker, and German astronomer Johann Galle turned a telescope to the predicted position, finding Neptune less than a degree away. Eventually, credit for Neptune's discovery—or at least the process of discovery--was divvied up among the group. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why was Neptune once my favorite planet in childhood? Well…because it's blue, of course! Just as good a reason as any, and blue was my favorite color. Like its slightly larger near-twin, Uranus, Neptune's upper atmosphere is made mostly of hydrogen and helium gas, but the presence of methane tints it blue. The thick atmospheric shell is believed to extend downward 10 to 20 percent the distance to the planet's center. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deeper down is thought to exist a mantle containing significant amounts of volatile materials, like methane, ammonia, and water. This hot, dense, high-pressure fluid shell might be thought of as an \"ocean\" more than an atmosphere—although the distinction between gas and liquid is blurred by the extraordinary temperature and pressure of the material (taking an extreme example of what I mean, even the Sun's core, with a density a hundred times greater than liquid water on Earth, is considered a gas--or plasma--by virtue of its great temperature). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, sometimes Neptune, and Uranus, are referred to as \"liquid giants\"—or even \"ice giants\", though it's difficult for me to reconcile the term \"ice\" with the multi-thousand degree temperatures deep down inside these worlds….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under all that stuff, Neptune's solid core, made of rock and nickel iron primarily, has a mass not much greater than planet Earth—as if, at the center of this giant piece of liquid confection, there exists a crunchy center, a shrouded planet Earth. What a gem! And maybe literally, as it is speculated that deep inside the planet's mantle, carbon atoms coming from methane may be squeezed by the pressure into diamond crystals, which \"rain\" down upon the rocky core. Neptune, planet of riches…if only….\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Chabot, we'll be having a Neptune's First Anniversary since Discovery celebration on that date, September 23rd. Hope you can join us!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20136\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepbakersfield.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepbakersfield-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seepbakersfield\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20136\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oil wells creak in the Bakersfield twilight. Petroleum is not confined to Southern California and Central Valley; we have it in the Bay Area too. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Norma Desmond, the washed-up movie star of \u003ci>Sunset Boulevard\u003c/i>, had some memorable lines. One of them was, \"I've got oil wells in Bakersfield, pumping pumping pumping.\" We think of our petroleum as a Southern California thing, or at least no closer than the Great Valley. But petroleum—oil and gas, or both—is widespread around the state, including the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't just gold, water and agricultural soils that made California rich. Petroleum is one of our greatest natural assets, and the state still ranks fourth in oil production behind Louisiana, Texas and Alaska. While the forests of derricks that once dotted Los Angeles are now subdued and disguised, the Central Valley is still a proud petroleum region, with gas fields in the Sacramento Valley and oil fields in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas fields of the Central Valley intrude into the Bay Area from the Delta as far as Concord and the Suisun Bay to its north. Gas was produced from the hills north of Concord in the 1960s, and today the old Los Medanos gas field is used by PG&E for storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20138\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seepdrip/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20138\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepdrip.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seepdrip\" width=\"500\" height=\"342\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20138\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepdrip.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepdrip-400x274.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo (c) 2007 Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before petroleum exploration became high-tech, the best way to find oil and gas was to look for natural seeps. An oily sheen on a stream, trickles of tar from a sunny sea cliff, and persistent odors like kerosene are typical signs. These are more common than most people think. Much rarer are actual tar flows like those at Carpinteria Beach near Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20137\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seepcarptar/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20137\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepcarptar.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seepcarptar\" width=\"500\" height=\"321\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20137\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepcarptar.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepcarptar-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo (c) 2010 Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oil seeps were discovered near Half Moon Bay and in the Santa Cruz Mountains in the 1800s. Asphalt and tar sand were mined from these areas for the streets of San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seepasphalt/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20135\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepasphalt.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seepasphalt\" width=\"500\" height=\"322\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20135\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepasphalt.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepasphalt-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Natural asphalt from the McKittrick tar seep. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Later, conventional exploration opened up four districts of producing wells in the San Mateo Peninsula: the Half Moon Bay, La Honda and Oil Creek fields still yield oil today. The Moody Gulch field, which started as a tar pit in 1878, was shut down in 1960 and is now under Route 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20140\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seepstop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20140\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepstop.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"5\" title=\"seepstop\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-20140\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Les Magoon, U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The North Bay has petroleum too. This natural gas seep in Mendocino County is used by the locals as a built-in campfire (photo by Les Magoon, US Geological Survey). Gas and oil seeps were found early on Point Reyes, where one gas seep between Double Point and Duxbury Point was reported as \"big enough to cook fish on when lighted.\" The same rocks, also bearing dikes of oil-soaked sandstone, appear near Davenport on the San Mateo County coast, attesting to movement on the San Andreas fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere in the Bay Area, oil and gas have been produced in Petaluma, Pinole and Livermore. Oil was reported in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/26/new-fossils-from-the-caldecott-tunnel/\">Caldecott Tunnel excavations\u003c/a>, which is to be expected as the tunnel penetrates our local piece of the Monterey Formation, a petroleum source rock of great extent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas are called fossil fuels, but maybe a better concept is that they are geological compost. They are the bodies of dead plankton, trapped in the mud with no oxygen to consume them. Instead their living substance breaks down and is transformed into simpler hydrocarbon compounds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The simplest and lightest of these is methane, and that's refined and sold to us as \"natural gas.\" But actual natural gas, the stuff bubbling up in tar pits, is a mixture of compounds. It won't smell like the gas in your stove—that smell is the odorant butyl mercaptan. It's more like the smell of crude oil—a tantalizing, sweeter version of your local gas station. If you don't know how crude oil smells, take a side trip to the oil fields on your way south, like this one just off Interstate 5 at Lost Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20139\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seeplosthills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20139\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seeplosthills.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seeplosthills\" width=\"500\" height=\"242\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20139\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seeplosthills.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seeplosthills-400x194.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lost Hills oil field. Photo (c) 2010 Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey has a wealth of material on California's oil and gas seeps at \u003ca href=\"http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/seeps/\">walrus.wr.usgs.gov/seeps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California's early oil districts included Half Moon Bay and the Santa Cruz Mountains. You can still find oil and gas around these parts.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20136\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepbakersfield.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepbakersfield-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seepbakersfield\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-20136\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Oil wells creak in the Bakersfield twilight. Petroleum is not confined to Southern California and Central Valley; we have it in the Bay Area too. Photo by Andrew Alden.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Norma Desmond, the washed-up movie star of \u003ci>Sunset Boulevard\u003c/i>, had some memorable lines. One of them was, \"I've got oil wells in Bakersfield, pumping pumping pumping.\" We think of our petroleum as a Southern California thing, or at least no closer than the Great Valley. But petroleum—oil and gas, or both—is widespread around the state, including the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't just gold, water and agricultural soils that made California rich. Petroleum is one of our greatest natural assets, and the state still ranks fourth in oil production behind Louisiana, Texas and Alaska. While the forests of derricks that once dotted Los Angeles are now subdued and disguised, the Central Valley is still a proud petroleum region, with gas fields in the Sacramento Valley and oil fields in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil and gas fields of the Central Valley intrude into the Bay Area from the Delta as far as Concord and the Suisun Bay to its north. Gas was produced from the hills north of Concord in the 1960s, and today the old Los Medanos gas field is used by PG&E for storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20138\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seepdrip/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20138\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepdrip.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seepdrip\" width=\"500\" height=\"342\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20138\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepdrip.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepdrip-400x274.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo (c) 2007 Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before petroleum exploration became high-tech, the best way to find oil and gas was to look for natural seeps. An oily sheen on a stream, trickles of tar from a sunny sea cliff, and persistent odors like kerosene are typical signs. These are more common than most people think. Much rarer are actual tar flows like those at Carpinteria Beach near Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20137\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seepcarptar/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20137\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepcarptar.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seepcarptar\" width=\"500\" height=\"321\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20137\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepcarptar.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepcarptar-400x257.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo (c) 2010 Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Oil seeps were discovered near Half Moon Bay and in the Santa Cruz Mountains in the 1800s. Asphalt and tar sand were mined from these areas for the streets of San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20135\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seepasphalt/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20135\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepasphalt.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seepasphalt\" width=\"500\" height=\"322\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20135\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepasphalt.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepasphalt-400x258.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Natural asphalt from the McKittrick tar seep. Photo by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Later, conventional exploration opened up four districts of producing wells in the San Mateo Peninsula: the Half Moon Bay, La Honda and Oil Creek fields still yield oil today. The Moody Gulch field, which started as a tar pit in 1878, was shut down in 1960 and is now under Route 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20140\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seepstop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20140\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seepstop.jpg\" alt=\"\" hspace=\"5\" title=\"seepstop\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-20140\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Les Magoon, U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The North Bay has petroleum too. This natural gas seep in Mendocino County is used by the locals as a built-in campfire (photo by Les Magoon, US Geological Survey). Gas and oil seeps were found early on Point Reyes, where one gas seep between Double Point and Duxbury Point was reported as \"big enough to cook fish on when lighted.\" The same rocks, also bearing dikes of oil-soaked sandstone, appear near Davenport on the San Mateo County coast, attesting to movement on the San Andreas fault system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere in the Bay Area, oil and gas have been produced in Petaluma, Pinole and Livermore. Oil was reported in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/05/26/new-fossils-from-the-caldecott-tunnel/\">Caldecott Tunnel excavations\u003c/a>, which is to be expected as the tunnel penetrates our local piece of the Monterey Formation, a petroleum source rock of great extent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil and gas are called fossil fuels, but maybe a better concept is that they are geological compost. They are the bodies of dead plankton, trapped in the mud with no oxygen to consume them. Instead their living substance breaks down and is transformed into simpler hydrocarbon compounds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The simplest and lightest of these is methane, and that's refined and sold to us as \"natural gas.\" But actual natural gas, the stuff bubbling up in tar pits, is a mixture of compounds. It won't smell like the gas in your stove—that smell is the odorant butyl mercaptan. It's more like the smell of crude oil—a tantalizing, sweeter version of your local gas station. If you don't know how crude oil smells, take a side trip to the oil fields on your way south, like this one just off Interstate 5 at Lost Hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20139\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/07/14/petroleum-in-the-bay-area/seeplosthills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-20139\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seeplosthills.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"seeplosthills\" width=\"500\" height=\"242\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20139\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seeplosthills.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/seeplosthills-400x194.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lost Hills oil field. Photo (c) 2010 Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey has a wealth of material on California's oil and gas seeps at \u003ca href=\"http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/seeps/\">walrus.wr.usgs.gov/seeps\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Science on the SPOT: Journey of the San Francisco Bay Trail",
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"content": "\u003cp>A dedicated group of outdoor lovers and trail planners is working to build a 500-mile biking and hiking trail along the entire shoreline of San Francisco and San Pablo bays. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"San Francisco Bay Trail\" href=\"http://www.baytrail.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Trail\u003c/a> project was started in the 1980s to build a “ring around the Bay.” The project has been compared to the 2,200-mile \u003ca title=\"Appalachian Trail Conservancy\" href=\"http://www.appalachiantrail.org/\">Appalachian Trail\u003c/a> in that it connects the communities along the way. But the Bay Trail is unique because it circles a body of water and does so in a major metropolitan area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 310 miles of the San Francisco Bay Trail have been completed as of this summer, and it turns out that Richmond is the city with the most miles of trail so far: 30. It makes sense if you think that Richmond is the city with the longest shoreline in the Bay Area. The city has also been lucky enough to have a group of volunteers who in the late 1990s created the \u003ca title=\"Trails for Richmond Action Committee\" href=\"http://www.pointrichmond.com/baytrail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trails for Richmond Action Committee \u003c/a>with the goal to finish the Bay Trail in that city. They have 11 miles left to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our video takes you on a journey along several sections of the Bay Trail in Richmond. We start out bird-watching at \u003ca title=\"Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/miller_knox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, then ride to the wetlands north of \u003ca title=\"Pt. Isabel Regional Shoreline\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_isabel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pt. Isabel Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, and end up at the newest section of the Bay Trail, which circles a \u003ca title=\"Map of the Landfill Loop of the San Francisco Bay Trail\" href=\"http://www.pointrichmond.com/baytrail/pdfs/WildcatMarsh.LandfillLoop.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">former landfill \u003c/a>off the Richmond Parkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our video, we wanted to somehow recreate the experience of watching the scenery change as you move along the Bay Trail. So we asked Bay Trail project manager \u003ca href=\"http://baytrail.abag.ca.gov/contact.html\">Laura Thompson\u003c/a> to ride her bicycle as we interviewed her, and we came up with our own low-tech “dolly” so that we could film her as we rode alongside. Check out the photos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19286\">Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. 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It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. 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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/books2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Photo Credit: wohnai\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven years ago, I was accepted into a double masters program. The first year was to be at the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.lse.ac.uk/home.aspx\">London School of Economics\u003c/a> and the second year was to be at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usc.edu/\">University of Southern California\u003c/a>. I was absolutely thrilled to be accepted; LSE has the reputation of one of the best schools in the world and I felt incredible to be accepted. I bought a one way to ticket to London just before tuition prices were raised. To be fiscally responsible, I sat down with a financial adviser to go over the rise in tuition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned that with international student loan rates, a two-year masters program would cost me over $250,000 in student loan repayment. It broke my heart to walk away from LSE but I did. Shortly thereafter, I got hired at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a>. Knowing what I know today, I don’t know if I would apply again for a higher education degree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student loans in the US are out of control. This year, student loan debt eclipsed credit card dept in the United States, a debt that is very close to one trillion dollars. Even if a person declares bankruptcy, their student loan debt cannot be expunged. Wages and disability income can be garnered in order to pay a loan that is in default. College tuition rates have also have risen exponentially, more than 900% since 1978. I know many friends who have graduated from college with more than $100,000 in loans to pay back. I graduated from University of California, Berkeley over ten years ago and I am still paying back a major portion of my loans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the question that I have seen often as of late – it the price tag worth the experience? I walked away from LSE because I knew I would have to take a corporate job making a six-figure salary right out of my masters program to be able to afford and justify my education. Not only is that unfeasible, it was against my intentions to go to school in the first place, as I have maintained a vested interest in the non-profit sector throughout my career. It is also frightening to look at that price tag on a larger scale. With so many young professionals flooding the work force loaded down with significant dept, their risk tolerance is very conservative. Innovation, entrepreneurship and advances in science and technology suffer because risk and money are not there to be put into business prospects; they are tied up in the debt of student loans. Poor education has been made the culprit for US lagging behind in science and technology but what if student loans have something to do with it? I tried to get dual citizenship when I lived in England because as an English citizen, my education would have been paid for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These questions and concerns have spurned a \u003ca href=\"http://www.uncollege.org\">un-college\u003c/a> movement; which inspires students to get a college education without paying a cent. No longer does a college education determine success; un-college.org inspires students of all ages to create their education and community around their own goals and aspirations in order to gain valuable real life experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back on my undergraduate experience, I have incredibly fond memories. Since I had \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder\">Attention Deficit Disorder\u003c/a>, I worked with my teachers to make my college experience my own. I would reject assignments, talk to my teachers after class and suggest alternative assignments. I deepened my relationship with my mentor because I didn’t accept my education on his terms. He wrote a recommendation letter to LSE lauding me as an exemplary student because I carved out my own education rather than accepting the set curriculum. I am sure that characteristic of out of the box learning got me accepted into the masters program. The un-college movement is following the beat of their own drummer as well; they are just taking it out of the classroom and making it much more affordable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/sdo-cme-060711-21.gif\">\u003cem>SDO image of June 7 CME. Credit: NASA/SDO\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're still uncertain whether the Sun's most recent, and unusually long and quiet, solar minimum is over yet, just \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jVLKuAyjm5c&feature=player_embedded\">check out this movie \u003c/a>from NASA's \u003ca href=\"http://sdo.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/\">Solar Dynamics Observatory\u003c/a>. Enough said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Wow!\" was what everyone who watched this solar flare event and enormous Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) were saying--pretty much all they could say with their jaws dropping the way they were. The view was awesome when seen through the new \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/22/serving-up-delicious-scoops-of-sun-daily/\">SDO movie viewer in Chabot's observatory\u003c/a>, which lets visitors see the eruption in multiple combinations of ultraviolet channels and color pallets. \"Looks like half the Sun was blown away!\" one person managed to say after catching her breath. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extra-long solar minimum does indeed seem to be over, and the Sun is breaking out again in magnetic acne. 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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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