QUEST Northern CaliforniaQUEST Northern California
KQED serves the people of Northern California with a public-supported alternative to commercial media. Home to the most listened-to public radio station in the nation, one of the highest-rated public television services and an award-winning education program, and as a leader and innovator in interactive technology, KQED takes people of all ages on journeys of exploration — exposing them to new people, places and ideas.
Diversity in the Valley: The NewME Accelerator (Part Two)
Celebrate World Oceans Day Today
The Blue Rock of Antioch
Ford Focus Electric Hits the Market With Faster Charging Times
The Fungus Among Us Could Help Clean Oily Soil
Creative Connections at Earth • Science • Art Exhibit
Diversity in the Valley: The NewME Accelerator (Part One)
Don't Miss Your Last Chance to See a Transit of Venus on Tuesday
The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions
Fire and Ore: Humanity’s Love Affair With Metal
Why Your Newfound Uniqueness is a Nightmare for Your Doctor
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/06/2012-06-11-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even during the economic downturn, innovators and entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley have found a way to get rich and change the world. But that success has left out large groups of people. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new program called the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newmeaccelerator.com/\">NewME Accelerator\u003c/a>, for New Media Entrepreneurship aims to change this. It’s designed to encourage women and minorities to found technology companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven participants from around the country shared a house in San Francisco for three months, got coached on their business plans and perfect the art of the pitch. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel Brooks, founder of \u003ca href=\"http://citizenmade.co/\">Citizen Made\u003c/a>, is 25 and from Chicago. In terms of pitching, she’d say she has some work to do. At her first pitch session, in the first week of the NewME program, she spoke in a rush of words, the black notebook in her hand trembling. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was the first one to go, I had no idea what to expect,” she recalled. “And I was terrified, right? I was terrible. Really bad!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden\" src=\"http://www.ckhickey.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/20120525_NewME_CH7.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"620\" height=\"845\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Silicon Valley, the pitch is everything. It’s how you create buzz about your company and how you convince investors to write you checks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Women bring in less investment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for women, in particular, this is key. According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbinsights.com/blog/venture-capital/venture-capital-human-capital-report\">one recent report\u003c/a>, fewer than ten percent of tech companies \u003ca href=\"http://gsm.ucdavis.edu/digital-publication/2011-uc-davis-study-california-women-business-leaders\">are started by women\u003c/a>. That has a lot to do with the fact that there are fewer women in university computer and engineering programs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when women do start companies, they attract half the outside capital that male-owned firms bring in, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kauffman.org/newsroom/women-launch-high-tech-firms-with-less-financial-capital-than-men.aspx\">one report\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pitch is central to attracting investors. And it makes \u003ca href=\"http://realityreporting.com/\">Amanda McClure\u003c/a> uncomfortable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and Rachel Brooks are the two women participants in NewME. She says she understands it’s important to be succinct. But there’s something about the pitch with all its bluster and swagger that she doesn’t relate to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, how would you describe Facebook in two minutes?” she says. “From a female’s perspective, it’s almost a platform for competition. Like who’s the winner? It feels like an ultra-masculine environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heidi Roizen says she hears from women like Amanda all the time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roizen started out as an entrepreneur in the Valley in the 1980s. Today she’s a venture capitalist and she also coaches would-be entrepreneurs at Stanford University. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you can group women entrepreneurs and you can find things they do that are very different. They're uncomfortable not knowing an answer, they are uncomfortable taking credit, and they are uncomfortable making bold statements.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roizen emphasizes that she’s generalizing here. Many, many women don’t fit that mold at all. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Heidi vs Howard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says when women do succeed, they face a different reception in the business world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Roizen herself helped demonstrate this. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, a Harvard business school professor did an experiment. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/wim_martin07.shtml\">He took\u003c/a> Heidi’s career, her resume, essentially, and \u003ca href=\"http://open.salon.com/blog/shannon_kelley/2011/01/04/the_likability_problem\">taught it\u003c/a> to two groups of students. With one difference: He taught one as the Heidi Roizen case, and he taught one as the Howard Roizen case. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the professor asked each group: Would you hire this person?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard and Heidi, said the students, were equally competent. But, recalls Roizen, “Howard was more likeable. A person you felt like you could work with. A person you felt like you could trust.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the student’s eyes, Heidi’s success made her seem aggressive, self-promoting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Roizen how this made her feel, after all, the students were evaluating her. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sighed. “You know, how can you be pissed off? It's reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess it made me think, ‘Hey, I did even better than I thought because there was this bias against me. But some people are for you and some people are against you, no matter what you are or who you are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roizen says women like Rachel Brooks and Amanda McClure have one good option: To ignore whatever bias may be out there. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was the first one to go, I had no idea what to expect,” she recalled. “And I was terrified, right? I was terrible. Really bad!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none;overflow: hidden\" src=\"http://www.ckhickey.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/20120525_NewME_CH7.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"620\" height=\"845\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Silicon Valley, the pitch is everything. It’s how you create buzz about your company and how you convince investors to write you checks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Women bring in less investment\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for women, in particular, this is key. According to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbinsights.com/blog/venture-capital/venture-capital-human-capital-report\">one recent report\u003c/a>, fewer than ten percent of tech companies \u003ca href=\"http://gsm.ucdavis.edu/digital-publication/2011-uc-davis-study-california-women-business-leaders\">are started by women\u003c/a>. That has a lot to do with the fact that there are fewer women in university computer and engineering programs. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when women do start companies, they attract half the outside capital that male-owned firms bring in, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kauffman.org/newsroom/women-launch-high-tech-firms-with-less-financial-capital-than-men.aspx\">one report\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pitch is central to attracting investors. And it makes \u003ca href=\"http://realityreporting.com/\">Amanda McClure\u003c/a> uncomfortable. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and Rachel Brooks are the two women participants in NewME. She says she understands it’s important to be succinct. But there’s something about the pitch with all its bluster and swagger that she doesn’t relate to. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, how would you describe Facebook in two minutes?” she says. “From a female’s perspective, it’s almost a platform for competition. Like who’s the winner? It feels like an ultra-masculine environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heidi Roizen says she hears from women like Amanda all the time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roizen started out as an entrepreneur in the Valley in the 1980s. Today she’s a venture capitalist and she also coaches would-be entrepreneurs at Stanford University. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think you can group women entrepreneurs and you can find things they do that are very different. They're uncomfortable not knowing an answer, they are uncomfortable taking credit, and they are uncomfortable making bold statements.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roizen emphasizes that she’s generalizing here. Many, many women don’t fit that mold at all. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Heidi vs Howard\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she says when women do succeed, they face a different reception in the business world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Roizen herself helped demonstrate this. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, a Harvard business school professor did an experiment. \u003ca href=\"http://www.gsb.stanford.edu/news/headlines/wim_martin07.shtml\">He took\u003c/a> Heidi’s career, her resume, essentially, and \u003ca href=\"http://open.salon.com/blog/shannon_kelley/2011/01/04/the_likability_problem\">taught it\u003c/a> to two groups of students. With one difference: He taught one as the Heidi Roizen case, and he taught one as the Howard Roizen case. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the professor asked each group: Would you hire this person?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard and Heidi, said the students, were equally competent. But, recalls Roizen, “Howard was more likeable. A person you felt like you could work with. A person you felt like you could trust.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the student’s eyes, Heidi’s success made her seem aggressive, self-promoting. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Roizen how this made her feel, after all, the students were evaluating her. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She sighed. “You know, how can you be pissed off? It's reality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess it made me think, ‘Hey, I did even better than I thought because there was this bias against me. But some people are for you and some people are against you, no matter what you are or who you are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roizen says women like Rachel Brooks and Amanda McClure have one good option: To ignore whatever bias may be out there. To take the fact they’re a minority in the Valley, and use it to their advantage. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you're the only woman in the room and you raise your hand, there's a good chance your question is going to get answered,” says Roizen. “If you wait afterwards and go meet the speaker, there’s a good chance you’re going to meet the speaker. You stand out.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Perfecting the pitch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of NewME’s three-month program, the participants have plenty of opportunities to stand out. They make the rounds of all the big Silicon Valley companies. They have sit downs with venture capitalists, mentors from dozens of companies, including NewME’s founders, which include Google and Hewlett Packard. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And all that coaching? It seems to pay off. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last week of the program, Rachel and the others get another chance to pitch their companies, this time at Google’s San Francisco office. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the audience are representatives from at least three venture capital firms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooks sounds much more confident. The notebook is gone. One by one, the founders, all women or African American, make their pitches with confidence and a little bit of swagger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two weeks after the NewME program wraps up, it’s too early to tell which of these companies will succeed. Three have pulled in some investment -- nothing huge, but a start. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rachel and Amanda, along with their teammates, are still paying their own way. They’re forging ahead, living cheap, building their companies and getting customers. They say they’re in this for the long haul. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Celebrate World Oceans Day Today",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/worldoceansday12/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39167\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39167\" title=\"WorldOceansDay12\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/WorldOceansDay12-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Oceans Day poster\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s your connection to our salty sea? We swim and surf its waves, live alongside its shores, gather fish, harness energy and harvest medicines from the ocean. Stretching back in time, the seas have created a habitable planet, sustained an amazing diversity of life, inspired us with their vast resources and fed us. It’s time to celebrate our briny deep and consider how we impact it and steps we can take to preserve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World Oceans Day is fairly new. It was celebrated for the first time on June 8\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, 2009 as designated by the \u003ca title=\"United Nations World Oceans Day\" href=\"http://www.un.org/en/events/oceansday/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations General Assembly\u003c/a>. It’s gaining traction as a world-wide celebration, and it’s kind of exciting -- like being in on the first Earth Day celebrations. World Oceans Day has the potential to draw worldwide attention to the oceans importance to our planet and how we can better care for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"World Oceans Day is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of oceans to humankind’s sustainable development. It is also a time to recognize the many severe challenges related to oceans.\"\u003c/strong> -- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on World Oceans Day, June 8, 2011\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s time we take a new look at what was once considered an unknowable place. The \u003ca href=\"http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/2010/gallery/global-water-volume.html\">United States Geologic Survey\u003c/a> (USGS) has produced a visually-powerful new graphic that shows how much water is on Earth -- which seems relatively small compared to the size of the planet. The large sphere of water represents Earth's total water volume, and according to USGS, \"includes all the water in the oceans, ice caps, lakes, and rivers, as well as groundwater, atmospheric water, and even the water in you, your dog, and your tomato plant.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second smaller sphere to the right represents \"liquid fresh water (groundwater, lakes, swamp water, and rivers).\" The tiny speck of water over Atlanta, Georgia represents \"fresh water in all the lakes and rivers on the planet, and most of the water people and life of earth need every day comes from these surface-water sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global water volume model by USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Global Water Volume \" width=\"640\" height=\"614\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39168\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-400x384.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s stunning to visualize our international, boundless seas contained in a sphere 35 miles high over the middle of our country. If the sphere were to “pop” and spread across the contiguous United States, each state would be covered in water 107 miles deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So take some time to find out your connections to the \u003ca href=\"http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/parks-and-nature-places/oceans/oceans-overview/\">oceans of the world\u003c/a>. From the \u003ca title=\"Surf Your Watershed interactive website, US EPA\" href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">watershed\u003c/a> you live in, to the \u003ca title=\"Seafood Watch Sustainable Seafood Choices, Monterey Bay Aquarium\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_whatsnew.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">fish on your dinner plate\u003c/a>, medicine in your cabinet and the very air you breathe, the ocean is part of our every day lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can celebrate our own inland sea, San Francisco Bay, this Saturday, June 9th with the annual \u003ca title=\"Sandcastle Contest website, City of Alameda, CA\" href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/Recreation/Sand-Castle\" target=\"_blank\">Sandcastle and Sculpture Contest\u003c/a> in Alameda. Or go to the \u003ca title=\"World Oceans Day official website\" href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">World Oceans Day website\u003c/a> to find out about other activities scheduled in our area. You can also find out how to help spread the word about this new day that commemorates the effort of creating a better ocean and world for the next generation. And be sure to get out for a walk on the beach and get some sand between your toes and the rumble of waves crashing in your ears. It’ll do you good!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Celebrate World Ocean Day today, a special day dedicated to the other 71% of our planet. Also, get a new view of our worldwide water resources with a volume model developed by the USGS. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39167\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/08/celebrate-world-oceans-day-today/worldoceansday12/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39167\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-39167\" title=\"WorldOceansDay12\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/WorldOceansDay12-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">World Oceans Day poster\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What’s your connection to our salty sea? We swim and surf its waves, live alongside its shores, gather fish, harness energy and harvest medicines from the ocean. Stretching back in time, the seas have created a habitable planet, sustained an amazing diversity of life, inspired us with their vast resources and fed us. It’s time to celebrate our briny deep and consider how we impact it and steps we can take to preserve it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>World Oceans Day is fairly new. It was celebrated for the first time on June 8\u003csup>th\u003c/sup>, 2009 as designated by the \u003ca title=\"United Nations World Oceans Day\" href=\"http://www.un.org/en/events/oceansday/\" target=\"_blank\">United Nations General Assembly\u003c/a>. It’s gaining traction as a world-wide celebration, and it’s kind of exciting -- like being in on the first Earth Day celebrations. World Oceans Day has the potential to draw worldwide attention to the oceans importance to our planet and how we can better care for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"World Oceans Day is an opportunity to reflect on the importance of oceans to humankind’s sustainable development. It is also a time to recognize the many severe challenges related to oceans.\"\u003c/strong> -- UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon on World Oceans Day, June 8, 2011\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s time we take a new look at what was once considered an unknowable place. The \u003ca href=\"http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/2010/gallery/global-water-volume.html\">United States Geologic Survey\u003c/a> (USGS) has produced a visually-powerful new graphic that shows how much water is on Earth -- which seems relatively small compared to the size of the planet. The large sphere of water represents Earth's total water volume, and according to USGS, \"includes all the water in the oceans, ice caps, lakes, and rivers, as well as groundwater, atmospheric water, and even the water in you, your dog, and your tomato plant.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second smaller sphere to the right represents \"liquid fresh water (groundwater, lakes, swamp water, and rivers).\" The tiny speck of water over Atlanta, Georgia represents \"fresh water in all the lakes and rivers on the planet, and most of the water people and life of earth need every day comes from these surface-water sources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Global water volume model by USGS\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Global Water Volume \" width=\"640\" height=\"614\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39168\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-400x384.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/global-water-volume-fresh-large-e1339107863219-32x32.jpg 32w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s stunning to visualize our international, boundless seas contained in a sphere 35 miles high over the middle of our country. If the sphere were to “pop” and spread across the contiguous United States, each state would be covered in water 107 miles deep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So take some time to find out your connections to the \u003ca href=\"http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/places/parks-and-nature-places/oceans/oceans-overview/\">oceans of the world\u003c/a>. From the \u003ca title=\"Surf Your Watershed interactive website, US EPA\" href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/surf/locate/index.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">watershed\u003c/a> you live in, to the \u003ca title=\"Seafood Watch Sustainable Seafood Choices, Monterey Bay Aquarium\" href=\"http://www.montereybayaquarium.org/cr/cr_seafoodwatch/sfw_whatsnew.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">fish on your dinner plate\u003c/a>, medicine in your cabinet and the very air you breathe, the ocean is part of our every day lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can celebrate our own inland sea, San Francisco Bay, this Saturday, June 9th with the annual \u003ca title=\"Sandcastle Contest website, City of Alameda, CA\" href=\"http://www.cityofalamedaca.gov/Recreation/Sand-Castle\" target=\"_blank\">Sandcastle and Sculpture Contest\u003c/a> in Alameda. Or go to the \u003ca title=\"World Oceans Day official website\" href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\" target=\"_blank\">World Oceans Day website\u003c/a> to find out about other activities scheduled in our area. You can also find out how to help spread the word about this new day that commemorates the effort of creating a better ocean and world for the next generation. And be sure to get out for a walk on the beach and get some sand between your toes and the rumble of waves crashing in your ears. It’ll do you good!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Blue Rock of Antioch",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last weekend I was part of a field trip through the northernmost part of the Diablo Range, the high Los Medanos Hills north of Mount Diablo that overlook Suisun Bay and western Delta. There is a lot going on there, geologically speaking, that was hard to completely absorb despite the best efforts of our guide, who has spent more than 40 years in these rocks. But I was impressed with the personality, for lack of a better word, of several rock units we saw that day. Let me show you one of them: the blue rock called the Neroly Sandstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our stops was near Bailey Road, an offbeat route through these hills known to locals as the one between Willow Pass and Kirker Pass, connecting east Concord and west Pittsburg. The state-of-the-art Keller Canyon Landfill is there, and we got a guided tour of its operations as well as its geologic setting. At our first stop we visited an outcrop of the Neroly Sandstone, which is the cliff-forming unit exposed in these hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyhill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39236\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyhill\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39236\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neroly Sandstone crops out in the Los Medanos Hills. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Neroly got its name in 1930 from an old train stop east of here. In 1949 another geologist renamed it the Neroly Formation. By either name, it's lumped into the San Pablo Group along with the underlying Cierbo and Briones Formations. It's considered the equivalent of the similar Etchegoin Formation farther south near the Kettleman Hills. It has been assigned a Pliocene age, roughly 4 million years. As we approached the outcrop, some of us noted its bluish color but others couldn't see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolycrop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39234\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolycrop\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39234\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting still closer didn't help a lot. It seemed to be both brown and blue, and on a day with a bright, open sky shadows naturally have a bluish cast. But here we could see its nature: a thick sequence of coarse sandstone with thin, discontinuous bedding, the kind of thing laid down by rivers. Our guide explained that fossils of plant debris are commonly found in the Neroly. That made me prick up my eyes, although this particular outcrop was barren of fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyface/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39235\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyface\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39235\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface-400x314.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point I picked up a blue pebble and passed it around the group; later I popped it in my pocket. Here it is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/blueclay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39233\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"blueclay\" width=\"600\" height=\"429\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This specimen makes it clear that the sediment particles making up the rock are not themselves blue. Rather, each particle has a thin coating of blue material. This was identified in a 1957 paper as a clay mineral, a variety of montmorillonite, that formed by the alteration of the particles. Those particles, in turn, are volcanic rock erupted somewhere in today's Sierra Nevada. But the blue clay is not what holds the rock together. Instead it's just a bit of calcite. That tends to dissolve easily in surface conditions and explains what I found next, in a hollow eroded into the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolypit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39232\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolypit\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind and water have gently freed the clay-covered grains and removed the rest. A rock of blue grains was cemented by brownish material, explaining its ambiguous color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture we have of the Neroly Sandstone is a huge, widespread blanket of volcanic sand and gravel spread west of the Sierra and rounded by vigorous rivers. At the same time, the gravel was left alone in tropical conditions enough to partially degrade into blue clay. How was it tilted up and exposed? Where does it go underground? What else is special about it? The answers are: compression across the Central Valley has pushed it up; it extends all the way across the Valley and matches up with the Mehrten Formation in the western Sierra foothills; and its porous nature makes it an important aquifer (water-bearing rock) in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving home at the end of our trip, we passed the spiffy Bluerock Center in Antioch. It's not far from the Neroly Sandstone, and I'm sure that the rock was well known to Antioch's early inhabitants. The big stone specimen at its entrance was something else, though: probably a \"black granite\" ordered by the landscape designers from a catalog.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last weekend I was part of a field trip through the northernmost part of the Diablo Range, the high Los Medanos Hills north of Mount Diablo that overlook Suisun Bay and western Delta. There is a lot going on there, geologically speaking, that was hard to completely absorb despite the best efforts of our guide, who has spent more than 40 years in these rocks. But I was impressed with the personality, for lack of a better word, of several rock units we saw that day. Let me show you one of them: the blue rock called the Neroly Sandstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of our stops was near Bailey Road, an offbeat route through these hills known to locals as the one between Willow Pass and Kirker Pass, connecting east Concord and west Pittsburg. The state-of-the-art Keller Canyon Landfill is there, and we got a guided tour of its operations as well as its geologic setting. At our first stop we visited an outcrop of the Neroly Sandstone, which is the cliff-forming unit exposed in these hills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39236\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyhill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39236\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyhill\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39236\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyhill-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Neroly Sandstone crops out in the Los Medanos Hills. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Neroly got its name in 1930 from an old train stop east of here. In 1949 another geologist renamed it the Neroly Formation. By either name, it's lumped into the San Pablo Group along with the underlying Cierbo and Briones Formations. It's considered the equivalent of the similar Etchegoin Formation farther south near the Kettleman Hills. It has been assigned a Pliocene age, roughly 4 million years. As we approached the outcrop, some of us noted its bluish color but others couldn't see it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolycrop/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39234\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolycrop\" width=\"600\" height=\"430\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39234\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolycrop-400x287.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting still closer didn't help a lot. It seemed to be both brown and blue, and on a day with a bright, open sky shadows naturally have a bluish cast. But here we could see its nature: a thick sequence of coarse sandstone with thin, discontinuous bedding, the kind of thing laid down by rivers. Our guide explained that fossils of plant debris are commonly found in the Neroly. That made me prick up my eyes, although this particular outcrop was barren of fossils.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolyface/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39235\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolyface\" width=\"600\" height=\"471\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39235\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolyface-400x314.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point I picked up a blue pebble and passed it around the group; later I popped it in my pocket. Here it is:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/blueclay/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39233\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"blueclay\" width=\"600\" height=\"429\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39233\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/blueclay-400x286.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This specimen makes it clear that the sediment particles making up the rock are not themselves blue. Rather, each particle has a thin coating of blue material. This was identified in a 1957 paper as a clay mineral, a variety of montmorillonite, that formed by the alteration of the particles. Those particles, in turn, are volcanic rock erupted somewhere in today's Sierra Nevada. But the blue clay is not what holds the rock together. Instead it's just a bit of calcite. That tends to dissolve easily in surface conditions and explains what I found next, in a hollow eroded into the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/07/the-blue-rock-of-antioch/nerolypit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39232\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"nerolypit\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-39232\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/nerolypit-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind and water have gently freed the clay-covered grains and removed the rest. A rock of blue grains was cemented by brownish material, explaining its ambiguous color.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture we have of the Neroly Sandstone is a huge, widespread blanket of volcanic sand and gravel spread west of the Sierra and rounded by vigorous rivers. At the same time, the gravel was left alone in tropical conditions enough to partially degrade into blue clay. How was it tilted up and exposed? Where does it go underground? What else is special about it? The answers are: compression across the Central Valley has pushed it up; it extends all the way across the Valley and matches up with the Mehrten Formation in the western Sierra foothills; and its porous nature makes it an important aquifer (water-bearing rock) in the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving home at the end of our trip, we passed the spiffy Bluerock Center in Antioch. It's not far from the Neroly Sandstone, and I'm sure that the rock was well known to Antioch's early inhabitants. The big stone specimen at its entrance was something else, though: probably a \"black granite\" ordered by the landscape designers from a catalog.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Ford Focus Electric Hits the Market With Faster Charging Times",
"title": "Ford Focus Electric Hits the Market With Faster Charging Times",
"headTitle": "Clean Car Diaries | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39111\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/ford-focus-electric-hits-the-market-with-faster-charging-times/focus-electric-640-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39111\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/focus-electric-6401.jpg\" alt=\"2012 Ford Focus Electric near the Altamone Pass. \" title=\"focus-electric-640\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39111\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/focus-electric-6401.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/focus-electric-6401-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">2012 Ford Focus Electric near the Altamont Pass. (Photo by Bradley Berman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The all-electric Nissan Leaf first went on sale in December 2010. Until a couple of weeks ago, the Leaf had been the only EV available to U.S. consumers from a major automaker. That changed in mid-May when, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/18/us-ford-focus-idUSBRE84H19N20120518\">report by Reuters\u003c/a>, Ford started shipping the 2012 Focus Electric to dealers. At last, car shoppers are able to compare the design and features of competing relatively affordable all-electric models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford reported its very first month of sales of the Focus Electric: six units in May 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the car hit the market, in late April, I was able to spend a full week with the 2012 Ford Focus Electric—plenty of time to compare the first Detroit-made EV of the 21st century with the 2011 Nissan Leaf that serves as my usual daily ride. I was \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/automobiles/autoreviews/the-battery-driven-car-just-got-a-lot-more-normal.html?pagewanted=all\">on assignment for The New York Times\u003c/a>. As I wrote in the paper, the most immediately striking difference between the two cars is how they look. While the Leaf exudes a Japanese gizmo aesthetic, the Focus Electric looks just like a regular Focus, which happens to be quite handsome. Ford wanted to make the Focus Electric as familiar and accessible as possible for mainstream car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39110\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/ford-focus-electric-hits-the-market-with-faster-charging-times/focus-charging-300/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39110\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/focus-charging-300.jpg\" alt=\"Charging the Ford Focus Electric in Pleasanton, Calif.\" title=\"focus-charging-300\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39110\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charging the Ford Focus Electric for free, at a Walgreens in Pleasanton, Calif. (Photo by Bradley Berman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both cars have the telltale driving characteristics of an electric car: smooth, silent and brisk acceleration. I love that. The EV driving experience is so much better, that it makes driving a gas-powered car, even a hybrid, feel a lot less satisfying. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Leaf has more passenger and cargo space than the Focus Electric. But looking back at my week with the Focus EV, there’s one compelling feature that’s lacking in the Leaf. The battery-powered Focus uses a 6.6-kilowatt onboard charger, while the Leaf carries a charger rated at 3.3 kilowatts. In functional terms, that means the Focus Electric adds about 20 miles of range for every hour that it’s hooked up to a 220v charger, while the Leaf only adds 10 miles of range per hour of charging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was reminded of the benefits of the faster charger when I was recently coming home in my Leaf. In one of the very few experiences of range anxiety during my year with the EV, I was about five miles from home when the dashboard indicated that the car’s battery was nearly completely depleted. Luckily, the car also showed me on the dashboard map that I was blocks away from a public charging spot outside a Walgreens in Oakland. I decided to stop for an electricity top-off, just to make sure I would safely arrive home. That stop required a full 30 minutes. The job would have been finished in the Focus in just 15 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, when I had the Focus for my test drive, I used a Walgreens in Pleasanton to add 30-plus miles of range while grabbing a bite at a nearby fast food joint. Both public 220v charging stations were completely free, by the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2013 version of the Nissan Leaf reportedly will have the faster 6.6-kW charger. Until Nissan makes that change, the Focus Electric will have a key advantage over the Leaf.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The all-electric Nissan Leaf first went on sale in December 2010. Until a couple of weeks ago, the Leaf had been the only EV available to U.S. consumers from a major automaker. That changed in mid-May when, according to a report by Reuters, Ford started shipping the 2012 Focus Electric to dealers. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39111\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/ford-focus-electric-hits-the-market-with-faster-charging-times/focus-electric-640-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39111\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/focus-electric-6401.jpg\" alt=\"2012 Ford Focus Electric near the Altamone Pass. \" title=\"focus-electric-640\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39111\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/focus-electric-6401.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/focus-electric-6401-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">2012 Ford Focus Electric near the Altamont Pass. (Photo by Bradley Berman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The all-electric Nissan Leaf first went on sale in December 2010. Until a couple of weeks ago, the Leaf had been the only EV available to U.S. consumers from a major automaker. That changed in mid-May when, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/18/us-ford-focus-idUSBRE84H19N20120518\">report by Reuters\u003c/a>, Ford started shipping the 2012 Focus Electric to dealers. At last, car shoppers are able to compare the design and features of competing relatively affordable all-electric models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ford reported its very first month of sales of the Focus Electric: six units in May 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the car hit the market, in late April, I was able to spend a full week with the 2012 Ford Focus Electric—plenty of time to compare the first Detroit-made EV of the 21st century with the 2011 Nissan Leaf that serves as my usual daily ride. I was \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/automobiles/autoreviews/the-battery-driven-car-just-got-a-lot-more-normal.html?pagewanted=all\">on assignment for The New York Times\u003c/a>. As I wrote in the paper, the most immediately striking difference between the two cars is how they look. While the Leaf exudes a Japanese gizmo aesthetic, the Focus Electric looks just like a regular Focus, which happens to be quite handsome. Ford wanted to make the Focus Electric as familiar and accessible as possible for mainstream car buyers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39110\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/ford-focus-electric-hits-the-market-with-faster-charging-times/focus-charging-300/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39110\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/focus-charging-300.jpg\" alt=\"Charging the Ford Focus Electric in Pleasanton, Calif.\" title=\"focus-charging-300\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39110\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charging the Ford Focus Electric for free, at a Walgreens in Pleasanton, Calif. (Photo by Bradley Berman)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both cars have the telltale driving characteristics of an electric car: smooth, silent and brisk acceleration. I love that. The EV driving experience is so much better, that it makes driving a gas-powered car, even a hybrid, feel a lot less satisfying. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Leaf has more passenger and cargo space than the Focus Electric. But looking back at my week with the Focus EV, there’s one compelling feature that’s lacking in the Leaf. The battery-powered Focus uses a 6.6-kilowatt onboard charger, while the Leaf carries a charger rated at 3.3 kilowatts. In functional terms, that means the Focus Electric adds about 20 miles of range for every hour that it’s hooked up to a 220v charger, while the Leaf only adds 10 miles of range per hour of charging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was reminded of the benefits of the faster charger when I was recently coming home in my Leaf. In one of the very few experiences of range anxiety during my year with the EV, I was about five miles from home when the dashboard indicated that the car’s battery was nearly completely depleted. Luckily, the car also showed me on the dashboard map that I was blocks away from a public charging spot outside a Walgreens in Oakland. I decided to stop for an electricity top-off, just to make sure I would safely arrive home. That stop required a full 30 minutes. The job would have been finished in the Focus in just 15 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, when I had the Focus for my test drive, I used a Walgreens in Pleasanton to add 30-plus miles of range while grabbing a bite at a nearby fast food joint. Both public 220v charging stations were completely free, by the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2013 version of the Nissan Leaf reportedly will have the faster 6.6-kW charger. Until Nissan makes that change, the Focus Electric will have a key advantage over the Leaf.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Fungus Among Us Could Help Clean Oily Soil",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/the-fungus-among-us-could-help-clean-oily-soil/mycelium-fungus-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38794\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/mycelium-fungus-resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"oyster mushroom growing on coffee grounds\" title=\"mycelium fungus resize\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38794\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I hear fungi, I think of mushrooms – both delectable and deadly. But there’s another world of fungi buried in the soil. These fibrous microbes might be able to help clean up polluted soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve always thought of bacteria as nature’s decontamination crew. Bacteria already munching on oil from natural seeps in the Gulf of Mexico flourished after the 2010 Macondo well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=gulf-oil-eating-microbes-slide-show\">Several different groups of microbes \u003c/a>ate their way through \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203436904577150910025591788.html\">much of the hydrocarbons in the oil\u003c/a> within a few months of the well being capped. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil-eating bacteria live in the soil too, but they have a harder time reaching food than their aquatic relatives. Soil is packed with air pockets that bacteria and chemicals must detour around as they move through the soil. That means natural microbial degradation of oil takes a long time. To speed the process, people often plough oil-contaminated soil to mix pollutants and bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fungi sprout thin shoots called hyphae as they grow through the soil. These fibers intertwine in a network called a mycelium. The mycelium of the largest fungi covers more than 1000 football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=13567\">Lukas Wick\u003c/a>, of the Helmholtz Center for the Environment in Germany, and his colleagues think \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2519\">fungi might be able to help clean up contaminated soil\u003c/a>. Fungi can eat metals, medicines, and ingredients in plastic. Bacteria struggle to digest the complicated structures of these molecules. And even when bacteria can degrade a pollutant, they require a contaminant buffet. Fungi, however, can process a steady stream of pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fungi have another green cleaning benefit hidden in their structure. Contaminants and bacteria can travel along their mycelial networks, effectively mingling as if the soil had been ploughed. These networks are made of thin fibers called hyphae, which filamentous microbes use to transport nutrients through their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A filamentous microbe related to fungi can pump oily hydrocarbons \u003ca href=\"http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/web/2012/05/Microbe-Transports-Contaminants-Through-Fibers.html\"> through its hyphae\u003c/a>. And bacteria can float through the watery film covering the hyphae, using the fungal network as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=10837\">a highway through soil\u003c/a> to find new patches of pollutant food. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of a fungal environmental clean up crew may be exciting, but it’s not ready for real world action yet. Scientists are still learning how to encourage the growth of fungi and their hungry bacterial neighbors, especially in contaminated places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wick hopes to eventually encourage both microbes to grow in contaminated soils so that oily contaminants might degrade faster than if bacteria alone were stuck with the job. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the next time I see a fungus in the woods, I'll still stop to admire the colors of its mushroom. But I'll think about what's underneath the soil too.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/06/the-fungus-among-us-could-help-clean-oily-soil/mycelium-fungus-resize/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38794\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/mycelium-fungus-resize-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"oyster mushroom growing on coffee grounds\" title=\"mycelium fungus resize\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38794\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I hear fungi, I think of mushrooms – both delectable and deadly. But there’s another world of fungi buried in the soil. These fibrous microbes might be able to help clean up polluted soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’ve always thought of bacteria as nature’s decontamination crew. Bacteria already munching on oil from natural seeps in the Gulf of Mexico flourished after the 2010 Macondo well blowout in the Gulf of Mexico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=gulf-oil-eating-microbes-slide-show\">Several different groups of microbes \u003c/a>ate their way through \u003ca href=\"http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970203436904577150910025591788.html\">much of the hydrocarbons in the oil\u003c/a> within a few months of the well being capped. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oil-eating bacteria live in the soil too, but they have a harder time reaching food than their aquatic relatives. Soil is packed with air pockets that bacteria and chemicals must detour around as they move through the soil. That means natural microbial degradation of oil takes a long time. To speed the process, people often plough oil-contaminated soil to mix pollutants and bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fungi sprout thin shoots called hyphae as they grow through the soil. These fibers intertwine in a network called a mycelium. The mycelium of the largest fungi covers more than 1000 football fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=13567\">Lukas Wick\u003c/a>, of the Helmholtz Center for the Environment in Germany, and his colleagues think \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2519\">fungi might be able to help clean up contaminated soil\u003c/a>. Fungi can eat metals, medicines, and ingredients in plastic. Bacteria struggle to digest the complicated structures of these molecules. And even when bacteria can degrade a pollutant, they require a contaminant buffet. Fungi, however, can process a steady stream of pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fungi have another green cleaning benefit hidden in their structure. Contaminants and bacteria can travel along their mycelial networks, effectively mingling as if the soil had been ploughed. These networks are made of thin fibers called hyphae, which filamentous microbes use to transport nutrients through their bodies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A filamentous microbe related to fungi can pump oily hydrocarbons \u003ca href=\"http://cen.acs.org/articles/90/web/2012/05/Microbe-Transports-Contaminants-Through-Fibers.html\"> through its hyphae\u003c/a>. And bacteria can float through the watery film covering the hyphae, using the fungal network as \u003ca href=\"http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=10837\">a highway through soil\u003c/a> to find new patches of pollutant food. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of a fungal environmental clean up crew may be exciting, but it’s not ready for real world action yet. Scientists are still learning how to encourage the growth of fungi and their hungry bacterial neighbors, especially in contaminated places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wick hopes to eventually encourage both microbes to grow in contaminated soils so that oily contaminants might degrade faster than if bacteria alone were stuck with the job. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the next time I see a fungus in the woods, I'll still stop to admire the colors of its mushroom. But I'll think about what's underneath the soil too.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Creative Connections at Earth • Science • Art Exhibit",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39137\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/05/creative-connections-at-earth-%e2%80%a2-science-%e2%80%a2-art-exhibit/denise-smith-the-100-percent-for-quest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39137\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Denise-Smith-The-100-Percent-for-quest.jpg\" alt=\"Denise Smith 'The 100 Percent'\" title=\"Denise Smith 'The 100 Percent' for quest\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39137\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Denise-Smith-The-100-Percent-for-quest.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Denise-Smith-The-100-Percent-for-quest-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 100 Percent by Denise Smith (scientist collaborator: Li Erikson) - photo by Lachlan Towle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/05/creative-connections-at-earth-%e2%80%a2-science-%e2%80%a2-art-exhibit/golden-for-quest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39138\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/golden-for-quest-257x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tribute to the Argonauts by Helen Golden (scientist collaborator: Nadine Golden)\" title=\"golden for quest\" width=\"257\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-39138\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helen Golden is a digital fine artist; her daughter Nadine Golden is a scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey's \u003ca href=\"http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/\" title=\"USCS Pacific Coast and Marine Science Center\">Pacific Coast and Marine Science Center\u003c/a>. Although both live in Santa Cruz, mother and daughter seem worlds apart. But in fact, they are fascinated by each other's work, as evidenced by two pieces in the R. Blitzer Gallery's \"earth • science • art\" show: Nadine's scientific poster about seafloor mapping and Helen's \"Tribute to the Argonauts,\" a tapestry printed with colorful patterns based on her daughter's maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curator \u003ca href=\"http://www.lisahochstein.com/\" title=\"Lisa Hochstein\">Lisa Hochstein\u003c/a> conceived \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthscienceartsc.com/index.html\" title=\"earth - science - art\">earth • science • art\u003c/a> to break down barriers and encourge cross-pollination between art and science. Among the project's sixteen artist/scientist pairs, the Goldens are unique in already being acquainted. The other scientists and artists, recruited by Hochstein and USGS deputy center director Jane Reid, met for the first time in January at a session reminiscent of speed-dating. Scientists spent a few minutes describing their research, then artists chose the scientists whose work most interested them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39139\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 100px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/05/creative-connections-at-earth-%e2%80%a2-science-%e2%80%a2-art-exhibit/jamie-abbott-sacred-rock-for-quest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39139\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Jamie-Abbott-Sacred-Rock-for-quest.jpg\" alt=\"Jamie Abbott 'Sacred Rock'\" title=\"Jamie Abbott 'Sacred Rock' for quest\" width=\"100\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39139\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sacred Rock by Jamie Abbott (scientist collaborator Amy Draut) - photo by Lachlan Towle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most had never engaged in such a collaboration. Amy Draut, a sedimentologist researching the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\" title=\"Elwha River restoration project\">Elwha River dam\u003c/a> in Washington state, has scant artistic experience. But sculptor Jamie Abbott was drawn to her description of the dam's structure and the cascading effects of its removal, from sediment changes to returning salmon. After the two bonded over their love for the Red Sox, Draut ended up visiting Abbott's studio to help paste tissue paper onto a cardboard reconstruction of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the poster beside Abbott's artwork, Draut explains the science surrounding the largest dam removal in history. New mud flats have already formed at the river's mouth. Salmon may soon fill the length of the Elwha. Abbott illustrated this potential with \"Sacred Rock,\" which shows fish carved from indigenous red cedar swimming toward a rock that has long been submerged behind the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental change of a different sort is highlighted elsewhere in the gallery. Intrigued by Li Erikson's research on ice melt and erosion in the Arctic, artist Denise Smith combined woodblock prints with images of Erikson's data--a literal fusion of art and science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39146\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/05/creative-connections-at-earth-%e2%80%a2-science-%e2%80%a2-art-exhibit/olympus-digital-camera-5/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39146\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/ML_BL_LL-detail1-for-quest-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Moonlight, Blue Light, Love Light by Sarah Sanford (scientist collaborator: Curt Storlazzi)\" title=\"Coral spawning by Sarah Sanford (scientist collaborator: Curt Storlazzi)\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-39146\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moonlight, Blue Light, Love Light by {link url=http://www.sarahsanfordart.com/}Sarah Sanford{/link} (scientist collaborator: Curt Storlazzi)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's hard to leave the gallery without sharing a glimpse of Hochstein's vision. Art and science approach the world in different ways, but it's the same world--the same curiosity and wonder that drive humans to explore it. earth • science • art draws connections not just between art and science but between nature and technology, truth and beauty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a more mundane level, the show also connects Santa Cruz and the Bay Area by featuring artists from both regions. The exhibit may migrate to further cement the connection; Foothill College is interested in hosting the show. Reid hopes it may even spread to the main USGS laboratory in Washington, D.C. But for now, the fun is limited to the \u003ca href=\"http://rblitzergallery.com/\" title=\"R. Blitzer Gallery\">R. Blitzer Gallery\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz--which, not coincidentally, shares a building and a wall with the USGS center. The show runs until July 7th, with two panel discussions on June 7 and 14 from 7-9 pm.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39137\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/05/creative-connections-at-earth-%e2%80%a2-science-%e2%80%a2-art-exhibit/denise-smith-the-100-percent-for-quest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39137\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Denise-Smith-The-100-Percent-for-quest.jpg\" alt=\"Denise Smith 'The 100 Percent'\" title=\"Denise Smith 'The 100 Percent' for quest\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39137\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Denise-Smith-The-100-Percent-for-quest.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Denise-Smith-The-100-Percent-for-quest-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 100 Percent by Denise Smith (scientist collaborator: Li Erikson) - photo by Lachlan Towle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/05/creative-connections-at-earth-%e2%80%a2-science-%e2%80%a2-art-exhibit/golden-for-quest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39138\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/golden-for-quest-257x253.jpg\" alt=\"Tribute to the Argonauts by Helen Golden (scientist collaborator: Nadine Golden)\" title=\"golden for quest\" width=\"257\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-39138\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helen Golden is a digital fine artist; her daughter Nadine Golden is a scientist with the U.S. Geological Survey's \u003ca href=\"http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/\" title=\"USCS Pacific Coast and Marine Science Center\">Pacific Coast and Marine Science Center\u003c/a>. Although both live in Santa Cruz, mother and daughter seem worlds apart. But in fact, they are fascinated by each other's work, as evidenced by two pieces in the R. Blitzer Gallery's \"earth • science • art\" show: Nadine's scientific poster about seafloor mapping and Helen's \"Tribute to the Argonauts,\" a tapestry printed with colorful patterns based on her daughter's maps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Curator \u003ca href=\"http://www.lisahochstein.com/\" title=\"Lisa Hochstein\">Lisa Hochstein\u003c/a> conceived \u003ca href=\"http://www.earthscienceartsc.com/index.html\" title=\"earth - science - art\">earth • science • art\u003c/a> to break down barriers and encourge cross-pollination between art and science. Among the project's sixteen artist/scientist pairs, the Goldens are unique in already being acquainted. The other scientists and artists, recruited by Hochstein and USGS deputy center director Jane Reid, met for the first time in January at a session reminiscent of speed-dating. Scientists spent a few minutes describing their research, then artists chose the scientists whose work most interested them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39139\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 100px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/05/creative-connections-at-earth-%e2%80%a2-science-%e2%80%a2-art-exhibit/jamie-abbott-sacred-rock-for-quest/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39139\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/Jamie-Abbott-Sacred-Rock-for-quest.jpg\" alt=\"Jamie Abbott 'Sacred Rock'\" title=\"Jamie Abbott 'Sacred Rock' for quest\" width=\"100\" class=\"size-full wp-image-39139\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sacred Rock by Jamie Abbott (scientist collaborator Amy Draut) - photo by Lachlan Towle\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most had never engaged in such a collaboration. Amy Draut, a sedimentologist researching the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/olym/naturescience/elwha-ecosystem-restoration.htm\" title=\"Elwha River restoration project\">Elwha River dam\u003c/a> in Washington state, has scant artistic experience. But sculptor Jamie Abbott was drawn to her description of the dam's structure and the cascading effects of its removal, from sediment changes to returning salmon. After the two bonded over their love for the Red Sox, Draut ended up visiting Abbott's studio to help paste tissue paper onto a cardboard reconstruction of the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the poster beside Abbott's artwork, Draut explains the science surrounding the largest dam removal in history. New mud flats have already formed at the river's mouth. Salmon may soon fill the length of the Elwha. Abbott illustrated this potential with \"Sacred Rock,\" which shows fish carved from indigenous red cedar swimming toward a rock that has long been submerged behind the dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental change of a different sort is highlighted elsewhere in the gallery. Intrigued by Li Erikson's research on ice melt and erosion in the Arctic, artist Denise Smith combined woodblock prints with images of Erikson's data--a literal fusion of art and science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_39146\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/05/creative-connections-at-earth-%e2%80%a2-science-%e2%80%a2-art-exhibit/olympus-digital-camera-5/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-39146\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/06/ML_BL_LL-detail1-for-quest-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Moonlight, Blue Light, Love Light by Sarah Sanford (scientist collaborator: Curt Storlazzi)\" title=\"Coral spawning by Sarah Sanford (scientist collaborator: Curt Storlazzi)\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-39146\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Moonlight, Blue Light, Love Light by {link url=http://www.sarahsanfordart.com/}Sarah Sanford{/link} (scientist collaborator: Curt Storlazzi)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's hard to leave the gallery without sharing a glimpse of Hochstein's vision. Art and science approach the world in different ways, but it's the same world--the same curiosity and wonder that drive humans to explore it. earth • science • art draws connections not just between art and science but between nature and technology, truth and beauty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a more mundane level, the show also connects Santa Cruz and the Bay Area by featuring artists from both regions. The exhibit may migrate to further cement the connection; Foothill College is interested in hosting the show. Reid hopes it may even spread to the main USGS laboratory in Washington, D.C. But for now, the fun is limited to the \u003ca href=\"http://rblitzergallery.com/\" title=\"R. Blitzer Gallery\">R. Blitzer Gallery\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz--which, not coincidentally, shares a building and a wall with the USGS center. The show runs until July 7th, with two panel discussions on June 7 and 14 from 7-9 pm.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Diversity in the Valley: The NewME Accelerator (Part One)",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/06/2012-06-04-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is a founding belief to Silicon Valley, it’s this: the idea is everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>May’s Facebook IPO seemed like the perfect illustration. A simple idea, conceived by a college student, became a hundred-billion dollar empire in just eight years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you look around Silicon Valley, ideas all seem to be coming from the same kind of people. By one recent estimate, one percent of technology entrepreneurs were African American. Only eight percent of companies were founded by women. Mark Zuckerberg isn’t just a model of success in the Valley, he’s a blueprint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One program aims to change this by encouraging more women and minorities to launch companies. It’s called \u003ca href=\"http://www.newmeaccelerator.com/\">NewMe, for New Media Entrepreneurship\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Lyons, from Johns Creek Georgia, is one of the participants. Like a lot of people in Silicon Valley, he seems almost predestined for entrepreneurship. When he was 12, he started mowing lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none; overflow: hidden;\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/newme/20120525_NewME_CH8.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"620\" height=\"845\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Interactive news package designed by C.K. Hickey, using photos taken by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/joshua-cassidy/\">Joshua Cassidy\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would push my lawn mower up and down the hill with one hand and carry the rolling trash can for the other,” says Lyons. “I had over 30 lawns. Then I bought a John Deere tractor. By the time I was 16, I had two employees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, someone like this isn’t going to stay in John’s Creek forever. By the time he was 25, Lyons had set his sights on Silicon Valley. “I want to be in an area that nurtures strong willed, forward thinking, individuals,” he says. “And there's no better place than Silicon Valley or San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"It’s about how our brains are wired.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut when you look at Silicon Valley, especially at people who are starting businesses, few of them look like Chris Lyons, who is black. And that fact tends to perpetuate itself, says venture capitalist and \u003ca href=\"http://www.lpfi.org/history\">diversity consultant\u003c/a> Freada Kapor Klein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t about being bigots, says Klein. “It isn’t about who’s mean spirited and who’s enlightened. It’s about how our brains are wired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein says it’s human nature: People tend to help people who look like them, and who come from the same backgrounds. She says it’s largely unconscious. “We’re not even aware of that hurdle we’ve put in the place of a different kind of entrepreneur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Klein and her husband, Mitch Kapor, are among the supporters for the NewME accelerator. Its founder and CEO is Angela Benton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three months, seven “founders” as they’re called, shared a four-bedroom house in San Francisco’s Inner Sunset neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like Real World for geeks,” said Rachel Brooks, a stylish 25-year old from Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of the founders has a business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Lyons is the founder of \u003ca href=\"www.picturemenu.com\">PictureMenu\u003c/a>, which helps restaurants put their menus online. Rachel's company, \u003ca href=\"citizenmade.co\">Citizen Made\u003c/a> lets online merchants make their products customizable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(See the interactive photos above for more about each of the founders’ companies.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freada Kapor Klein says the NewME program is a two-way street. Without diversity, she says, the industry – and the rest of us – miss out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we've got a very insular world, then the kinds of companies that are created will most scratch the itch of a particular set of people, and ignore everyone else,” says Klein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nRoadblocks to diversity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One major source of Silicon Valley’s homogeneity is what’s called the pipeline issue. There just aren’t a lot of women, African Americans, and Latinos enrolling in science and engineering programs, which are the fields that typically lead to technology success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are subtler forces at work, too, says Chris Bennett, a NewME alum and entrepreneur who helped start Black Founders, a group based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s going say ‘I’m not going to fund you because you’re black,’” says Bennett. “But I do know, from talking to investors and entrepreneurs, black and white, everyone will tell you that there’s a bias.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nnena Ukuku, an attorney who advises start-ups, and fellow Black Founders member, calls it “a chicken-and-egg issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people have never seen a successful black entrepreneur,” she says, “so they can’t envision it. But the [black entpreneurs] are out there. It’s a mess!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mess, she means, because tangled up in all of this are the roadblocks that women and people of color often put in front of themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a much deeper issue,” says Ukuku, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ukuku says one thing she hears all the time from women and minority entrepreneurs is that they feel like they have to outshine everyone else, just to deserve a place here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whereas I’ll talk to some of my friends, who I adore, who don’t fit into one of those two buckets and they’ll say: ‘I got an idea. I’m going for it!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ukuku says it’s the same kind of confidence that she sees in her own relatives back in Nigeria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re the majority in that culture,” she says. “There’s just an assumption that you’ll succeed. Like, why wouldn’t you?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pitch day\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s that kind of confidence that Chris Lyons and the other founders were trying to cultivate on Day Two of NewME, which took place at Google headquarters in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was every bit the dot-com fantasy they expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just walked outside and they’re playing pool, and drinking coffee,” marvels Chris Lyons, giddily. “And I saw a yoga session when we walked in here!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s nervous too. Tonight is a bit of an initiation. It’s the founders’ first pitch session. Each will have two minutes to present his or her company to a room of 150 or so people, including six critics in the “Dragons' Den,” who will critique the pitches onstage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Lyons is last on the list. He flashes a huge smile. “How’s everyone doing today?” he begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His pitch starts out pretty strong, with a succinct description of pictureMENU and what it will offer restaurants. But then it gets a little muddy, with vague descriptions of features that will eventually be offered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a great first half, then it went off the rails,” says Chris Genteel, Development Manager for Global Diversity at Google, is one of the judges. “I didn’t get a sense of the one problem you’re trying to solve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a tough knock for Chris. But he’s just getting started. For him and the others, the next three months will be about honing their pitches, making contacts. And for some of them, attracting investment.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Lyons, from Johns Creek Georgia, is one of the participants. Like a lot of people in Silicon Valley, he seems almost predestined for entrepreneurship. When he was 12, he started mowing lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe style=\"border: 0px none; overflow: hidden;\" src=\"http://kqed03.streamguys.us/anon.kqed/slideshow/newme/20120525_NewME_CH8.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"620\" height=\"845\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Interactive news package designed by C.K. Hickey, using photos taken by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/joshua-cassidy/\">Joshua Cassidy\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would push my lawn mower up and down the hill with one hand and carry the rolling trash can for the other,” says Lyons. “I had over 30 lawns. Then I bought a John Deere tractor. By the time I was 16, I had two employees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, someone like this isn’t going to stay in John’s Creek forever. By the time he was 25, Lyons had set his sights on Silicon Valley. “I want to be in an area that nurtures strong willed, forward thinking, individuals,” he says. “And there's no better place than Silicon Valley or San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"It’s about how our brains are wired.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBut when you look at Silicon Valley, especially at people who are starting businesses, few of them look like Chris Lyons, who is black. And that fact tends to perpetuate itself, says venture capitalist and \u003ca href=\"http://www.lpfi.org/history\">diversity consultant\u003c/a> Freada Kapor Klein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t about being bigots, says Klein. “It isn’t about who’s mean spirited and who’s enlightened. It’s about how our brains are wired.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Klein says it’s human nature: People tend to help people who look like them, and who come from the same backgrounds. She says it’s largely unconscious. “We’re not even aware of that hurdle we’ve put in the place of a different kind of entrepreneur.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Klein and her husband, Mitch Kapor, are among the supporters for the NewME accelerator. Its founder and CEO is Angela Benton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For three months, seven “founders” as they’re called, shared a four-bedroom house in San Francisco’s Inner Sunset neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like Real World for geeks,” said Rachel Brooks, a stylish 25-year old from Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each of the founders has a business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Lyons is the founder of \u003ca href=\"www.picturemenu.com\">PictureMenu\u003c/a>, which helps restaurants put their menus online. Rachel's company, \u003ca href=\"citizenmade.co\">Citizen Made\u003c/a> lets online merchants make their products customizable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(See the interactive photos above for more about each of the founders’ companies.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freada Kapor Klein says the NewME program is a two-way street. Without diversity, she says, the industry – and the rest of us – miss out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we've got a very insular world, then the kinds of companies that are created will most scratch the itch of a particular set of people, and ignore everyone else,” says Klein.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nRoadblocks to diversity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One major source of Silicon Valley’s homogeneity is what’s called the pipeline issue. There just aren’t a lot of women, African Americans, and Latinos enrolling in science and engineering programs, which are the fields that typically lead to technology success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are subtler forces at work, too, says Chris Bennett, a NewME alum and entrepreneur who helped start Black Founders, a group based in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one’s going say ‘I’m not going to fund you because you’re black,’” says Bennett. “But I do know, from talking to investors and entrepreneurs, black and white, everyone will tell you that there’s a bias.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nnena Ukuku, an attorney who advises start-ups, and fellow Black Founders member, calls it “a chicken-and-egg issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people have never seen a successful black entrepreneur,” she says, “so they can’t envision it. But the [black entpreneurs] are out there. It’s a mess!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mess, she means, because tangled up in all of this are the roadblocks that women and people of color often put in front of themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a much deeper issue,” says Ukuku, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ukuku says one thing she hears all the time from women and minority entrepreneurs is that they feel like they have to outshine everyone else, just to deserve a place here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whereas I’ll talk to some of my friends, who I adore, who don’t fit into one of those two buckets and they’ll say: ‘I got an idea. I’m going for it!’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ukuku says it’s the same kind of confidence that she sees in her own relatives back in Nigeria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re the majority in that culture,” she says. “There’s just an assumption that you’ll succeed. Like, why wouldn’t you?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pitch day\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s that kind of confidence that Chris Lyons and the other founders were trying to cultivate on Day Two of NewME, which took place at Google headquarters in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was every bit the dot-com fantasy they expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just walked outside and they’re playing pool, and drinking coffee,” marvels Chris Lyons, giddily. “And I saw a yoga session when we walked in here!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he’s nervous too. Tonight is a bit of an initiation. It’s the founders’ first pitch session. Each will have two minutes to present his or her company to a room of 150 or so people, including six critics in the “Dragons' Den,” who will critique the pitches onstage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Lyons is last on the list. He flashes a huge smile. “How’s everyone doing today?” he begins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His pitch starts out pretty strong, with a succinct description of pictureMENU and what it will offer restaurants. But then it gets a little muddy, with vague descriptions of features that will eventually be offered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a great first half, then it went off the rails,” says Chris Genteel, Development Manager for Global Diversity at Google, is one of the judges. “I didn’t get a sense of the one problem you’re trying to solve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a tough knock for Chris. But he’s just getting started. For him and the others, the next three months will be about honing their pitches, making contacts. And for some of them, attracting investment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Don't Miss Your Last Chance to See a Transit of Venus on Tuesday",
"title": "Don't Miss Your Last Chance to See a Transit of Venus on Tuesday",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38949\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/01/last-chance-to-see-a-transit-of-venus%e2%80%94im-serious/venustransit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38949\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/venustransit.jpg\" alt=\"The Transit of Venus. Diagram from Starry Night Pro. Image from NASA's TRACE spacecraft, 2004. \" title=\"The Transit of Venus. Diagram from Starry Night Pro. Image from NASA's TRACE spacecraft, 2004. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38949\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/venustransit.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/venustransit-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Transit of Venus. Diagram from Starry Night Pro. Image from NASA's TRACE spacecraft, 2004. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past few months, we've been showing people the brilliant white flare in our evening skies that is the planet Venus, Earth's closest sibling in both size and distance. On Tuesday, June 5th, that same bright planet will accomplish a rare feat, appearing for a few hours not as a bright spot on the nighttime sky, but as a dark spot in the daytime, silhouetted against the brilliant disk of the Sun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event is called the \"transit of Venus\" and not only is it a rare and beautiful wonder and been a pivotal historical event of great scientific significance, but Tuesday's is the last one any of us will ever see--except for, perhaps, some toddlers who are destined to live to ripe old ages. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So don't miss the chance to experience history on Tuesday, June 5, 3:04 PM to 9:46 PM PDT. Did I mention it's a rare event of historical scientific significance? And that it's your last chance to see it! Get it? If you own a toddler, make sure they see it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You'll be glad you made the effort, as you'll then be members of a very exclusive club, one without membership dues. Since the invention of the telescope in 1608 there have been only seven transits of Venus, and Tuesday's will make eight. The transit of 1631 went unobserved and the 1639 event, the first ever observed, may have been seen by only two people. Talk about an exclusive club; more people have walked on the Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 18th and 19th century transits of Venus, expeditions were sent out across the globe to observe Venus' path across the Sun -- including one led by Captain James Cook, in 1769. The observations were compared and used to triangulate the actual distance from the Earth to the Sun and by extension of scale to all the other planets in the solar system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only is this phenomenon of historical scientific importance, it's even an opportunity for scientific investigation today. Tuesday's transit will be observed by researchers to refine techniques for detecting the presence of extrasolar planets (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/exoplanets/\">exoplanets\u003c/a>): planets orbiting stars other than our Sun. Heck, there may even be an alien civilization who has detected the presence of Venus -- or the Earth for that matter -- by observing a transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, now that I've convinced you not to miss Tuesday's transit of Venus, I suppose I should suggest some ways to actually see it. Fortunately, you have some options, even if you don't have a telescope or know how to use one to safely observe the Sun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way is through live public webcasts going on throughout the event. To name a couple, \u003ca href=\"http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/webcasts/nasaedge/\" title=\"NASA Edge\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Edge\u003c/a> will be webcasting from Hawaii's Mauna Kea and from only a lava-bomb's-throw away, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/venus/\" title=\"Exploratorium Venus transit webcast\" target=\"_blank\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> will be feeding us a stream from Mauna Loa. From those volcanoes, chances of bad weather obstructing the view is minimal and from Hawaii the entire transit can be observed start to finish. (Whereas, here in Oakland, the Sun will set over an hour before Venus departs the sun's disk). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're looking for a public viewing party or event near you (that is, if you're not close enough to Chabot Space & Science Center to get here), check out \u003ca href=\"http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2012/transit/index.php\" title=\"NASA Venus Transit 2012 - Sun Earth Day\" target=\"_blank\">NASA's Venus transit 2012\u003c/a> page and click on the \"Event Locations\" map. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/triple-play.htm\" title=\"Chabot Space and Science Center Shadow Triple Play\" target=\"_blank\">At Chabot\u003c/a>, we'll be doing it all. We'll have an array of safe-sun-viewing telescopes and their attendant experts on our Observatory Deck (weather permitting). We'll be viewing the live webcasts on the domes of our planetarium and theater. We'll have roving scientists on hand to answer your questions, enthusiastic volunteers and staff eager to maximize your historic experience and fun activities going on for the whole family. We expect crowds, so I recommend \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/calendar.htm?date=6-5-2012&p=1439355\" title=\"Chabot Venus Transit Event June 5 2012\" target=\"_blank\">purchasing tickets\u003c/a> in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for viewing the transit of Venus yourself, the most important advice I can give you is not to look at the Sun directly, with your eyes or with a telescope. This could result in permanent eye damage. There are safe methods for using a telescope to view the sun. One is by projecting the image of the sun onto a piece of paper. The other is by using a proper solar filter. If you are not thus equipped, find someone who is.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38949\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/06/01/last-chance-to-see-a-transit-of-venus%e2%80%94im-serious/venustransit/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38949\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/venustransit.jpg\" alt=\"The Transit of Venus. Diagram from Starry Night Pro. Image from NASA's TRACE spacecraft, 2004. \" title=\"The Transit of Venus. Diagram from Starry Night Pro. Image from NASA's TRACE spacecraft, 2004. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38949\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/venustransit.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/venustransit-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Transit of Venus. Diagram from Starry Night Pro. Image from NASA's TRACE spacecraft, 2004. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the past few months, we've been showing people the brilliant white flare in our evening skies that is the planet Venus, Earth's closest sibling in both size and distance. On Tuesday, June 5th, that same bright planet will accomplish a rare feat, appearing for a few hours not as a bright spot on the nighttime sky, but as a dark spot in the daytime, silhouetted against the brilliant disk of the Sun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event is called the \"transit of Venus\" and not only is it a rare and beautiful wonder and been a pivotal historical event of great scientific significance, but Tuesday's is the last one any of us will ever see--except for, perhaps, some toddlers who are destined to live to ripe old ages. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So don't miss the chance to experience history on Tuesday, June 5, 3:04 PM to 9:46 PM PDT. Did I mention it's a rare event of historical scientific significance? And that it's your last chance to see it! Get it? If you own a toddler, make sure they see it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You'll be glad you made the effort, as you'll then be members of a very exclusive club, one without membership dues. Since the invention of the telescope in 1608 there have been only seven transits of Venus, and Tuesday's will make eight. The transit of 1631 went unobserved and the 1639 event, the first ever observed, may have been seen by only two people. Talk about an exclusive club; more people have walked on the Moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 18th and 19th century transits of Venus, expeditions were sent out across the globe to observe Venus' path across the Sun -- including one led by Captain James Cook, in 1769. The observations were compared and used to triangulate the actual distance from the Earth to the Sun and by extension of scale to all the other planets in the solar system. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only is this phenomenon of historical scientific importance, it's even an opportunity for scientific investigation today. Tuesday's transit will be observed by researchers to refine techniques for detecting the presence of extrasolar planets (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/exoplanets/\">exoplanets\u003c/a>): planets orbiting stars other than our Sun. Heck, there may even be an alien civilization who has detected the presence of Venus -- or the Earth for that matter -- by observing a transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, now that I've convinced you not to miss Tuesday's transit of Venus, I suppose I should suggest some ways to actually see it. Fortunately, you have some options, even if you don't have a telescope or know how to use one to safely observe the Sun. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way is through live public webcasts going on throughout the event. To name a couple, \u003ca href=\"http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/webcasts/nasaedge/\" title=\"NASA Edge\" target=\"_blank\">NASA Edge\u003c/a> will be webcasting from Hawaii's Mauna Kea and from only a lava-bomb's-throw away, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/venus/\" title=\"Exploratorium Venus transit webcast\" target=\"_blank\">Exploratorium\u003c/a> will be feeding us a stream from Mauna Loa. From those volcanoes, chances of bad weather obstructing the view is minimal and from Hawaii the entire transit can be observed start to finish. (Whereas, here in Oakland, the Sun will set over an hour before Venus departs the sun's disk). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're looking for a public viewing party or event near you (that is, if you're not close enough to Chabot Space & Science Center to get here), check out \u003ca href=\"http://sunearthday.nasa.gov/2012/transit/index.php\" title=\"NASA Venus Transit 2012 - Sun Earth Day\" target=\"_blank\">NASA's Venus transit 2012\u003c/a> page and click on the \"Event Locations\" map. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/triple-play.htm\" title=\"Chabot Space and Science Center Shadow Triple Play\" target=\"_blank\">At Chabot\u003c/a>, we'll be doing it all. We'll have an array of safe-sun-viewing telescopes and their attendant experts on our Observatory Deck (weather permitting). We'll be viewing the live webcasts on the domes of our planetarium and theater. We'll have roving scientists on hand to answer your questions, enthusiastic volunteers and staff eager to maximize your historic experience and fun activities going on for the whole family. We expect crowds, so I recommend \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/calendar.htm?date=6-5-2012&p=1439355\" title=\"Chabot Venus Transit Event June 5 2012\" target=\"_blank\">purchasing tickets\u003c/a> in advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for viewing the transit of Venus yourself, the most important advice I can give you is not to look at the Sun directly, with your eyes or with a telescope. This could result in permanent eye damage. There are safe methods for using a telescope to view the sun. One is by projecting the image of the sun onto a piece of paper. The other is by using a proper solar filter. If you are not thus equipped, find someone who is.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions",
"title": "The Man Who Made California Safe for Mountain Lions",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38857\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"senator john dunlap\" title=\"dunlap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) championed wildlife conservation with the first legislation in the U.S. to protect mountain lions from hunting. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forty-two years ago, California’s mountain lions got a break from an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowell Dunn, the president of Vallejo’s Rod and Gun Club, wrote Assemblyman John Dunlap that he thought the time had come to stop shooting mountain lions. The hunter’s plea sparked the beginning of the end of state-sanctioned persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some 30 years of hunting deer, Dunn had seen a lion just twice. He wanted the chance to see another one, he told Dunlap, but worried the species might perish before he had the chance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hoped that somehow there’d be a way to continue the existence of the lion,\" recalls Dunlap. The 89-year-old Napa resident left the political stage more than three decades ago, but admits to enjoying a good political fight in his day, especially for a good cause. The hunter couldn’t have chosen a better legislative target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap, who started an eight-year run in the Assembly in 1966 and then served four years in the Senate, had always believed in preserving wildlife, he says. He readily embraced the lion's cause. “I recognized that we were invading their habitat, that there was a conflict, and that we needed a more thoughtful approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described “strong Democrat” and Sierra Club member, Dunlap won the big cat its first reprieve from hunters’ crosshairs with a moratorium on sport hunting, signed by then Gov. Ronald Reagan in 1971. The moratorium went into effect when the scheduled lion hunting season ended in February 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap met stiff opposition from livestock ranchers when he first introduced his bill, in 1970. But the next year he encountered less resistance, which he credits to a burgeoning ecological awareness and support from his district. He recalls that Starr Baldwin, famed editor of the St. Helena Star, told grape-growers at a local meeting they should welcome lions because they feed on deer and raccoons, no friends to grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Dunlap sought the support of the state Fish and Game Commission but quickly realized he’d better look elsewhere: “They were pretty much hunter dominated.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38866\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-with-lions/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-with-lions-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"john dunlap with lions\" title=\"dunlap with lions\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38866\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman John Dunlap made headlines after posing with his lion ambassadors, Huntley and Brinkley, at a Capitol press conference announcing his lion hunting moratorium bill in 1971. Lion handler John Harris keeps a watchful eye on his charges. (Photo courtesy of UPI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dunlap turned to wildlife preservation and conservation groups instead, but credits the lions themselves with ensuring the bill’s passage. His legislative assistant, Mike Gage, met two tame mountain lions at a meeting to build public support for the measure. “He got the idea that if we introduced the bill and had a press conference with the lions, that would be a great sendoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was grandstanding, but recognized that it did have value,” he adds. “And I had enough ego that I liked to show off, so we did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap took questions at his Capitol press conference flanked by two rather imposing lions. He admits the cats made him nervous, though they were leashed, with their handler a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap and his lions made the front page of nearly 20 daily California papers, plus the London Daily Mail, “for whatever that was worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, California enacted the first measure in the country to protect lions. It remains the only state to outlaw trophy hunting of lions, after residents voted twice to uphold the ban. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap has no illusions that trophy hunters will ever accept the notion that lions should be protected. Even so, he has little patience for Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards, who recently won notoriety by traveling to another state \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_19991115\">to kill a mountain lion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards bagged his trophy in Idaho, where such kills are legal and so, his defenders insist, no big deal. Had he killed a lion in California, he could have been fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to a year in jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap is not among his defenders. \"I certainly sympathize with trying to do something to point with shame,” he says. “I can’t say he doesn’t have a right to do it, but I don’t think it’s very good judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Richards’ days as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/internal-affairs/ci_20720732/internal-affairs-fish-and-game-honcho-still-has\">commission president could be numbered.\u003c/a> Last Wednesday, commissioners voted 4 to 1 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/regulations/2012/660ntc.pdf\">elect officers rather than allow succession\u003c/a> of the senior member. Richards cast the dissenting vote.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he never had the inclination to hunt, adding with a sly smile, “I was born without any wisdom teeth, which maybe shows I haven’t developed the hunter quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suppose killing animals is the way we used to survive to protect ourselves and get food,” he muses. “Now it’s a sport, and I would hope as time goes on we would find other things to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he wanted to protect the mountain lion not just to preserve a single species but to send a wake-up call to governments to protect the environment before it’s too late. “My idea was, when in doubt, preserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecosystems are complicated, he says. “If we screwed up the wrong ones at the wrong time it could end up threatening our own way of life and happiness, let alone existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dunlap pitched his mountain lion bill on the Assembly floor in 1970, he pointed out that in the early 1900s just two passenger pigeons remained in the world. “They were both male,” he says. “We woke up too late on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More than 40 years ago, Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) made conservation history when his mountain lion hunting moratorium passed the California Legislature and became law in 1971. He recalls the fight to pass the bill and his guiding principle, \"when in doubt, preserve.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38857\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-carousel/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38857\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-carousel-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"senator john dunlap\" title=\"dunlap\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38857\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sen. John Dunlap (D-Napa) championed wildlife conservation with the first legislation in the U.S. to protect mountain lions from hunting. (Photo: Liza Gross)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Forty-two years ago, California’s mountain lions got a break from an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lowell Dunn, the president of Vallejo’s Rod and Gun Club, wrote Assemblyman John Dunlap that he thought the time had come to stop shooting mountain lions. The hunter’s plea sparked the beginning of the end of state-sanctioned persecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some 30 years of hunting deer, Dunn had seen a lion just twice. He wanted the chance to see another one, he told Dunlap, but worried the species might perish before he had the chance. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He hoped that somehow there’d be a way to continue the existence of the lion,\" recalls Dunlap. The 89-year-old Napa resident left the political stage more than three decades ago, but admits to enjoying a good political fight in his day, especially for a good cause. The hunter couldn’t have chosen a better legislative target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap, who started an eight-year run in the Assembly in 1966 and then served four years in the Senate, had always believed in preserving wildlife, he says. He readily embraced the lion's cause. “I recognized that we were invading their habitat, that there was a conflict, and that we needed a more thoughtful approach.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described “strong Democrat” and Sierra Club member, Dunlap won the big cat its first reprieve from hunters’ crosshairs with a moratorium on sport hunting, signed by then Gov. Ronald Reagan in 1971. The moratorium went into effect when the scheduled lion hunting season ended in February 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap met stiff opposition from livestock ranchers when he first introduced his bill, in 1970. But the next year he encountered less resistance, which he credits to a burgeoning ecological awareness and support from his district. He recalls that Starr Baldwin, famed editor of the St. Helena Star, told grape-growers at a local meeting they should welcome lions because they feed on deer and raccoons, no friends to grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Dunlap sought the support of the state Fish and Game Commission but quickly realized he’d better look elsewhere: “They were pretty much hunter dominated.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38866\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/30/the-man-who-made-california-safe-for-mountain-lions/dunlap-with-lions/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38866\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/dunlap-with-lions-480x360.jpg\" alt=\"john dunlap with lions\" title=\"dunlap with lions\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38866\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman John Dunlap made headlines after posing with his lion ambassadors, Huntley and Brinkley, at a Capitol press conference announcing his lion hunting moratorium bill in 1971. Lion handler John Harris keeps a watchful eye on his charges. (Photo courtesy of UPI)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dunlap turned to wildlife preservation and conservation groups instead, but credits the lions themselves with ensuring the bill’s passage. His legislative assistant, Mike Gage, met two tame mountain lions at a meeting to build public support for the measure. “He got the idea that if we introduced the bill and had a press conference with the lions, that would be a great sendoff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I thought it was grandstanding, but recognized that it did have value,” he adds. “And I had enough ego that I liked to show off, so we did it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap took questions at his Capitol press conference flanked by two rather imposing lions. He admits the cats made him nervous, though they were leashed, with their handler a few feet away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap and his lions made the front page of nearly 20 daily California papers, plus the London Daily Mail, “for whatever that was worth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nine months later, California enacted the first measure in the country to protect lions. It remains the only state to outlaw trophy hunting of lions, after residents voted twice to uphold the ban. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap has no illusions that trophy hunters will ever accept the notion that lions should be protected. Even so, he has little patience for Fish and Game Commission President Dan Richards, who recently won notoriety by traveling to another state \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/breaking-news/ci_19991115\">to kill a mountain lion\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richards bagged his trophy in Idaho, where such kills are legal and so, his defenders insist, no big deal. Had he killed a lion in California, he could have been fined up to $10,000 and sentenced to a year in jail. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap is not among his defenders. \"I certainly sympathize with trying to do something to point with shame,” he says. “I can’t say he doesn’t have a right to do it, but I don’t think it’s very good judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Richards’ days as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/internal-affairs/ci_20720732/internal-affairs-fish-and-game-honcho-still-has\">commission president could be numbered.\u003c/a> Last Wednesday, commissioners voted 4 to 1 to \u003ca href=\"http://www.fgc.ca.gov/regulations/2012/660ntc.pdf\">elect officers rather than allow succession\u003c/a> of the senior member. Richards cast the dissenting vote.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he never had the inclination to hunt, adding with a sly smile, “I was born without any wisdom teeth, which maybe shows I haven’t developed the hunter quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I suppose killing animals is the way we used to survive to protect ourselves and get food,” he muses. “Now it’s a sport, and I would hope as time goes on we would find other things to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dunlap says he wanted to protect the mountain lion not just to preserve a single species but to send a wake-up call to governments to protect the environment before it’s too late. “My idea was, when in doubt, preserve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ecosystems are complicated, he says. “If we screwed up the wrong ones at the wrong time it could end up threatening our own way of life and happiness, let alone existence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Dunlap pitched his mountain lion bill on the Assembly floor in 1970, he pointed out that in the early 1900s just two passenger pigeons remained in the world. “They were both male,” he says. “We woke up too late on that.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/29/fire-and-ore-humanity%e2%80%99s-love-affair-with-metal/maker_faire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38813\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/maker_faire-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Maker Faire 2012 by Inkyhack\" title=\"maker_faire\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-38813\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>May is Maker Month. As it draws to a close, the artists, scientists and engineers who call themselves \"makers\" look back with pride on their creations, many of which were showcased at last weekend's \u003ca href=\"http://makerfaire.com/\" title=\"Maker Faire\">Maker Faire\u003c/a> in San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern maker movement is young; \u003ca href=\"http://makezine.com/magazine/\" title=\"Make Magazine\">MAKE magazine\u003c/a> began in 2005, the Maker Faire in 2006. But the maker urge is as old as humanity, and many modern maker hobbies were once major technological advances: tanning and weaving, brewing and baking, paper-making and printing. One particular pastime, metalworking, was such a powerful force in human history that we named several \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_Man\">Ages of Man\u003c/a> after key elements. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tend to think of metalworking advances in engineering terms: harder weapons, stronger bridges. But the very first objects to be built out of metal were not tools, but decorations. Somewhere in the uncatalogued days of prehistory, humans began to make jewelry out of gold. It's the easiest metal to work--pure gold nuggets need no smelting and are soft enough to work with simple tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gold, however, is the only metal that can be found readily in native form (meaning a lump of nothing but gold). Tin and lead, copper and iron--these all occur predominantly as minerals (meaning they're mixed with oxygen or sulfur or other annoying stuff). In order to get pure metal out of a mineral, you have to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting\" title=\"Wikipedia: Smelting\">smelt it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38815\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 325px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/29/fire-and-ore-humanity%e2%80%99s-love-affair-with-metal/773px-tva_phosphate_smelting_furnace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38815\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/773px-TVA_phosphate_smelting_furnace-325x253.jpg\" alt=\"1942 smelting furnace.\" title=\"773px-TVA_phosphate_smelting_furnace\" width=\"325\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-38815\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">1942 smelting furnace. Not the way the ancients did it.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Somehow, humans figured out smelting well before writing, which frustrates archaeologists and totally amazes me. Writing seems like an obvious invention. You pick up a stick and scratch a message in the dirt to tell your friends which way you went hunting. But smelting is like alchemy, like magic. (Then again, I'm a writer, not a smelter.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metalworking historians point out that certain aspects of smelting could have been discovered by accident. One day you heat up some rocks in the campfire, and tin or lead flows out. Other rocks, placed in a much hotter pottery kiln, yield copper. And once you've got copper, you've pretty much got bronze--an alloy of copper and arsenic or tin--because these metals can occur as natural impurities in the copper. Anyway, accidents or no, my hat is fully off to the ancients who figured out how to smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days the metal we use, from pieces of airplane to blades in a blender, is largely worked by factory robots. But human metal makers are alive and well. Like the first metalworkers of prehistory, their work tends toward the artistic rather than the purely functional. If you're interested in joining their ranks, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecrucible.org\" title=\"The Crucible\">The Crucible\u003c/a> in San Francisco is offering a discount for the rest of Maker Month (that's tomorrow and Thursday) on all their classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/29/fire-and-ore-humanity%e2%80%99s-love-affair-with-metal/crucible_class/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38814\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/crucible_class.jpg\" alt=\"The Crucible's forging class\" title=\"crucible_class\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38814\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/crucible_class.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/crucible_class-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/29/fire-and-ore-humanity%e2%80%99s-love-affair-with-metal/maker_faire/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38813\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/maker_faire-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Maker Faire 2012 by Inkyhack\" title=\"maker_faire\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-38813\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>May is Maker Month. As it draws to a close, the artists, scientists and engineers who call themselves \"makers\" look back with pride on their creations, many of which were showcased at last weekend's \u003ca href=\"http://makerfaire.com/\" title=\"Maker Faire\">Maker Faire\u003c/a> in San Mateo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The modern maker movement is young; \u003ca href=\"http://makezine.com/magazine/\" title=\"Make Magazine\">MAKE magazine\u003c/a> began in 2005, the Maker Faire in 2006. But the maker urge is as old as humanity, and many modern maker hobbies were once major technological advances: tanning and weaving, brewing and baking, paper-making and printing. One particular pastime, metalworking, was such a powerful force in human history that we named several \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ages_of_Man\">Ages of Man\u003c/a> after key elements. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We tend to think of metalworking advances in engineering terms: harder weapons, stronger bridges. But the very first objects to be built out of metal were not tools, but decorations. Somewhere in the uncatalogued days of prehistory, humans began to make jewelry out of gold. It's the easiest metal to work--pure gold nuggets need no smelting and are soft enough to work with simple tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gold, however, is the only metal that can be found readily in native form (meaning a lump of nothing but gold). Tin and lead, copper and iron--these all occur predominantly as minerals (meaning they're mixed with oxygen or sulfur or other annoying stuff). In order to get pure metal out of a mineral, you have to \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smelting\" title=\"Wikipedia: Smelting\">smelt it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38815\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 325px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/29/fire-and-ore-humanity%e2%80%99s-love-affair-with-metal/773px-tva_phosphate_smelting_furnace/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38815\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/773px-TVA_phosphate_smelting_furnace-325x253.jpg\" alt=\"1942 smelting furnace.\" title=\"773px-TVA_phosphate_smelting_furnace\" width=\"325\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-38815\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">1942 smelting furnace. Not the way the ancients did it.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Somehow, humans figured out smelting well before writing, which frustrates archaeologists and totally amazes me. Writing seems like an obvious invention. You pick up a stick and scratch a message in the dirt to tell your friends which way you went hunting. But smelting is like alchemy, like magic. (Then again, I'm a writer, not a smelter.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Metalworking historians point out that certain aspects of smelting could have been discovered by accident. One day you heat up some rocks in the campfire, and tin or lead flows out. Other rocks, placed in a much hotter pottery kiln, yield copper. And once you've got copper, you've pretty much got bronze--an alloy of copper and arsenic or tin--because these metals can occur as natural impurities in the copper. Anyway, accidents or no, my hat is fully off to the ancients who figured out how to smelt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days the metal we use, from pieces of airplane to blades in a blender, is largely worked by factory robots. But human metal makers are alive and well. Like the first metalworkers of prehistory, their work tends toward the artistic rather than the purely functional. If you're interested in joining their ranks, \u003ca href=\"http://www.thecrucible.org\" title=\"The Crucible\">The Crucible\u003c/a> in San Francisco is offering a discount for the rest of Maker Month (that's tomorrow and Thursday) on all their classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/29/fire-and-ore-humanity%e2%80%99s-love-affair-with-metal/crucible_class/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38814\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/crucible_class.jpg\" alt=\"The Crucible's forging class\" title=\"crucible_class\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38814\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/crucible_class.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/crucible_class-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/28/why-your-newfound-uniqueness-a-nightmare-for-your-doctor/humdivinasia/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38754\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/HumDivInAsia.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"HumDivInAsia\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38754\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/HumDivInAsia.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/HumDivInAsia-400x223.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Our surprising genetic diversity will give scientists fits for years.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A couple of new studies confirm what many of us have feared: each of us is surprisingly unique genetically. This is to be feared because of the impact it will have on the future of personalized medicine. Our individual uniqueness will make predicting our risk for disease much trickier than we thought. And it will make finding treatments that much harder too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably read that all humans share somewhere between 99.5% and 99.9% of their DNA. Usually this is translated into saying that we have a difference in our DNA every 1000 bases or so. (By bases I mean the A’s, G’s, C’s, and T’s that make up our DNA.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differences were supposed to be shared by many people. So a lot of people would have a G at a certain position and the rest of us would have a T. The first \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2012/05/16/science.1217876\">study \u003c/a>shows that this is not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we all have many rare DNA differences scattered throughout our DNA. When the researchers looked at 202 different genes from 14,002 people, they found a rare variant every 17 bases or so. This is way higher than many people thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s worse is that these differences aren’t all benign. The other \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2012/05/21/science.1219240\">study published in \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>\u003c/a> showed that a surprisingly high percentage, around 2.3%, is predicted to significantly impact a gene. In other words, we are all burdened with many gene-altering and so potentially harmful DNA differences. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the world of genetics is getting turned on its head yet again. Not so long ago, the idea was that diseases shared a common set of DNA differences. So everyone with sickle cell anemia had a certain DNA difference (or at least a certain few). Same thing with cystic fibrosis and all the other genetic diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38759\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 150px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/28/why-your-newfound-uniqueness-a-nightmare-for-your-doctor/manypaths/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38759\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/ManyPaths.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ManyPaths\" width=\"150\" height=\"343\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38759\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are many paths to the same illness.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now it looks like there are many individual paths to a disease. For example, while most cases of cystic fibrosis do involve glitches in the CFTR gene, there are lots of glitches that can cause the disease. And that makes figuring out your chances for getting or passing cystic fibrosis to your children even harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many (perhaps even most) of us will have DNA differences in our CFTR genes that haven’t been seen before. We don’t yet know which differences can lead to cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, cystic fibrosis is the easy case; at least it usually involves just one gene. More complex genetic diseases like Type 2 diabetes or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/alzheimers-is-the-cure-in-the-genes/\">Alzheimer’s \u003c/a>are going to be complicated by the fact that many different genes can be involved and we are all littered with unique differences in these genes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there will be a huge set of genes involved in Type 2 diabetes. Each of us will have numerous unique DNA differences strewn throughout these genes. Some of these changes will increase your risk for getting Type 2 diabetes and some will lower your risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately the way scientists can tell if a difference is involved in a disease is by comparing two large groups of people with and without the disease. If a certain DNA difference turns up more often in the disease group, then it may be involved in causing the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now everyone has lots of unique DNA differences, many of which can contribute to disease. The people in the disease group won’t share a lot of the same differences that lead to disease. This means it is going to be hard to figure out which differences matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our best bet may be to figure out as much DNA from as many people as possible so we can at least start to get a handle on which genes are involved in a particular disease. Then we can start to explore which DNA differences matter and which ones don’t. One thing is for sure, this is going to take awhile to sort out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencecodex.com/knowing_genetic_makeup_may_not_significantly_improve_disease_risk_prediction-92164\">\u003cem>This\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003cem>came out after I wrote the blog. More evidence that knowing our DNA may not help us out as much as we had hoped.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/28/why-your-newfound-uniqueness-a-nightmare-for-your-doctor/humdivinasia/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38754\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/HumDivInAsia.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"HumDivInAsia\" width=\"640\" height=\"356\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38754\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/HumDivInAsia.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/HumDivInAsia-400x223.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Our surprising genetic diversity will give scientists fits for years.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A couple of new studies confirm what many of us have feared: each of us is surprisingly unique genetically. This is to be feared because of the impact it will have on the future of personalized medicine. Our individual uniqueness will make predicting our risk for disease much trickier than we thought. And it will make finding treatments that much harder too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably read that all humans share somewhere between 99.5% and 99.9% of their DNA. Usually this is translated into saying that we have a difference in our DNA every 1000 bases or so. (By bases I mean the A’s, G’s, C’s, and T’s that make up our DNA.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These differences were supposed to be shared by many people. So a lot of people would have a G at a certain position and the rest of us would have a T. The first \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2012/05/16/science.1217876\">study \u003c/a>shows that this is not the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we all have many rare DNA differences scattered throughout our DNA. When the researchers looked at 202 different genes from 14,002 people, they found a rare variant every 17 bases or so. This is way higher than many people thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s worse is that these differences aren’t all benign. The other \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/content/early/2012/05/21/science.1219240\">study published in \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>\u003c/a> showed that a surprisingly high percentage, around 2.3%, is predicted to significantly impact a gene. In other words, we are all burdened with many gene-altering and so potentially harmful DNA differences. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the world of genetics is getting turned on its head yet again. Not so long ago, the idea was that diseases shared a common set of DNA differences. So everyone with sickle cell anemia had a certain DNA difference (or at least a certain few). Same thing with cystic fibrosis and all the other genetic diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38759\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 150px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/28/why-your-newfound-uniqueness-a-nightmare-for-your-doctor/manypaths/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38759\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/ManyPaths.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"ManyPaths\" width=\"150\" height=\"343\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38759\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are many paths to the same illness.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now it looks like there are many individual paths to a disease. For example, while most cases of cystic fibrosis do involve glitches in the CFTR gene, there are lots of glitches that can cause the disease. And that makes figuring out your chances for getting or passing cystic fibrosis to your children even harder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many (perhaps even most) of us will have DNA differences in our CFTR genes that haven’t been seen before. We don’t yet know which differences can lead to cystic fibrosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Believe it or not, cystic fibrosis is the easy case; at least it usually involves just one gene. More complex genetic diseases like Type 2 diabetes or \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/alzheimers-is-the-cure-in-the-genes/\">Alzheimer’s \u003c/a>are going to be complicated by the fact that many different genes can be involved and we are all littered with unique differences in these genes. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, there will be a huge set of genes involved in Type 2 diabetes. Each of us will have numerous unique DNA differences strewn throughout these genes. Some of these changes will increase your risk for getting Type 2 diabetes and some will lower your risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately the way scientists can tell if a difference is involved in a disease is by comparing two large groups of people with and without the disease. If a certain DNA difference turns up more often in the disease group, then it may be involved in causing the disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now everyone has lots of unique DNA differences, many of which can contribute to disease. The people in the disease group won’t share a lot of the same differences that lead to disease. This means it is going to be hard to figure out which differences matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our best bet may be to figure out as much DNA from as many people as possible so we can at least start to get a handle on which genes are involved in a particular disease. Then we can start to explore which DNA differences matter and which ones don’t. One thing is for sure, this is going to take awhile to sort out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencecodex.com/knowing_genetic_makeup_may_not_significantly_improve_disease_risk_prediction-92164\">\u003cem>This\u003c/em> \u003c/a>\u003cem>came out after I wrote the blog. More evidence that knowing our DNA may not help us out as much as we had hoped.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-28-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27273\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27273\" title=\"windowstestfac\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The window testing facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (Photo: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Windows may not be as sexy as solar panels or electric cars, but they play a major role in energy efficiency. Buildings are responsible for 40% of the country’s energy use, which is why researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://btech.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> are trying to improve windows by making them smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Berkeley Lab engineer Howdy Goudey demonstrates in his lab, studying windows involves some pretty complex physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we use an infrared camera to study heat transfer in windows,” he says, pointing to a normal-looking video camera that senses heat instead of visible light. Goudey uses the camera to study how windows lose energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, windows simply aren’t good insulators. They leak heat in the winter when we want a warm house and they let heat in during the summer. Many homes still have single-pane windows, which were the name of the game in the 1940s and 50s when California was booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when energy prices sky-rocketed in the 1970s. Double-pane windows became common. And then came double-pane windows with invisible coatings, which are twice as efficient. Today, they make up more than half of windows sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Low-e Windows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goudey demonstrates how they work by turning on two heat lamps. “You’ve seen them in a diner keeping food warm,\" he says, putting them behind two identical-looking double-pane windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stand in front of one window, which feels like standing in the sun. “But if you hold your hand to other one, compared to this one, it’s very dramatic,” Goudey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27278\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27278\" title=\"clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl--18C-21C\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An infrared image of two windows during winter conditions, as seen from the inside of a room. The window on the right has a low-e coating while the window on the left doesn't. Warmer temperatures mean a better insulating window. (Image: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second window is cooler because it has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/lowe.cfm\">low-emissivity coating\u003c/a>, or low-e, as its known. It’s an invisible layer of metal on the glass that acts as an insulator. And it does one more thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When sunlight shines directly through a window, it provides both light and heat. Most of us want light coming in, but heat is the last thing we want on a hot summer day. So, the coating on the window blocks the heat from the sun (in the form of infrared light), while letting in the visible light. This is known as solar gain. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Check out this guide\u003c/a> for more on what to look for when buying windows.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a few windows in a room with direct sun on them, its equivalent to running a little space heater. So it’s significant energy,” says Goudey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, on a cold winter day, the extra heat from sun would be helpful. “You’d actually like that solar energy to come in and help heat the space,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why researchers are working to develop a “smart” or dynamic window that can change based on the weather or temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Nanotechnology to Make Windows Smarter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"http://foundry.lbl.gov/\">Molecular Foundry\u003c/a>, Delia Milliron grows tiny nanocrystals that will eventually become a window coating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nanocrystals are very small,” says Milliron. “Way smaller than you can see with your eyes. And so that’s why when we spread them out in a coating on the window, you don’t see anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milliron’s coating is dynamic. In one setting, it lets in both the light and heat from the sun. But, apply an electric charge of a couple volts and the window blocks the heat from the sun, while still letting light in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these windows would be controlled by your heating and cooling system, which could adjust them based on the weather. Milliron and her team are currently working on the coating itself. Their next step is to build a full-scale prototype. Other companies also have similar kinds of dynamic windows in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Windows as Energy Suppliers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This changes the conversation about windows, says Stephen Selkowitz, head of building technologies at Berkeley Lab. Before, windows were energy losers. Now, windows could actually make buildings more efficient. And that means big cost savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we add up all the energy and economic impact of windows in the US, it costs building owners about $40 billion a year. And I’d rather have the $40 billion in my pocket than sort of sending it out the window,” says Selkowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart windows could start appearing in larger projects like office buildings next year and should be more widely available to homeowners in three to five years. But they could be twice as expensive as today's windows. Selkowitz expects the cost coming down as manufacturing ramps up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest expense in replacing windows is often the labor of replacing the window. And if you already decided to put a new window in, the marginal cost of going to a much better window is almost always worth it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, while it may be only a few tech-geeks that spring for smart windows at first, Selkowitz says that leads the way for the rest of us – and for new buildings codes, where technology can have a much broader impact.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-28-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27273\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-27273\" title=\"windowstestfac\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/windowstestfac-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The window testing facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (Photo: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Windows may not be as sexy as solar panels or electric cars, but they play a major role in energy efficiency. Buildings are responsible for 40% of the country’s energy use, which is why researchers at \u003ca href=\"http://btech.lbl.gov/\">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory\u003c/a> are trying to improve windows by making them smarter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Berkeley Lab engineer Howdy Goudey demonstrates in his lab, studying windows involves some pretty complex physics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So we use an infrared camera to study heat transfer in windows,” he says, pointing to a normal-looking video camera that senses heat instead of visible light. Goudey uses the camera to study how windows lose energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the most part, windows simply aren’t good insulators. They leak heat in the winter when we want a warm house and they let heat in during the summer. Many homes still have single-pane windows, which were the name of the game in the 1940s and 50s when California was booming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That changed when energy prices sky-rocketed in the 1970s. Double-pane windows became common. And then came double-pane windows with invisible coatings, which are twice as efficient. Today, they make up more than half of windows sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Low-e Windows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goudey demonstrates how they work by turning on two heat lamps. “You’ve seen them in a diner keeping food warm,\" he says, putting them behind two identical-looking double-pane windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We stand in front of one window, which feels like standing in the sun. “But if you hold your hand to other one, compared to this one, it’s very dramatic,” Goudey says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_27278\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-27278\" title=\"clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl--18C-21C\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/11/clear-dual-air-vinyl-vs.-lowe-dual-Argon-vinyl-18C-21C.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"204\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An infrared image of two windows during winter conditions, as seen from the inside of a room. The window on the right has a low-e coating while the window on the left doesn't. Warmer temperatures mean a better insulating window. (Image: LBNL)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The second window is cooler because it has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/lowe.cfm\">low-emissivity coating\u003c/a>, or low-e, as its known. It’s an invisible layer of metal on the glass that acts as an insulator. And it does one more thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When sunlight shines directly through a window, it provides both light and heat. Most of us want light coming in, but heat is the last thing we want on a hot summer day. So, the coating on the window blocks the heat from the sun (in the form of infrared light), while letting in the visible light. This is known as solar gain. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.efficientwindows.org/\">Check out this guide\u003c/a> for more on what to look for when buying windows.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a few windows in a room with direct sun on them, its equivalent to running a little space heater. So it’s significant energy,” says Goudey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, on a cold winter day, the extra heat from sun would be helpful. “You’d actually like that solar energy to come in and help heat the space,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why researchers are working to develop a “smart” or dynamic window that can change based on the weather or temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Using Nanotechnology to Make Windows Smarter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"http://foundry.lbl.gov/\">Molecular Foundry\u003c/a>, Delia Milliron grows tiny nanocrystals that will eventually become a window coating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nanocrystals are very small,” says Milliron. “Way smaller than you can see with your eyes. And so that’s why when we spread them out in a coating on the window, you don’t see anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Milliron’s coating is dynamic. In one setting, it lets in both the light and heat from the sun. But, apply an electric charge of a couple volts and the window blocks the heat from the sun, while still letting light in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ideally, these windows would be controlled by your heating and cooling system, which could adjust them based on the weather. Milliron and her team are currently working on the coating itself. Their next step is to build a full-scale prototype. Other companies also have similar kinds of dynamic windows in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Windows as Energy Suppliers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This changes the conversation about windows, says Stephen Selkowitz, head of building technologies at Berkeley Lab. Before, windows were energy losers. Now, windows could actually make buildings more efficient. And that means big cost savings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we add up all the energy and economic impact of windows in the US, it costs building owners about $40 billion a year. And I’d rather have the $40 billion in my pocket than sort of sending it out the window,” says Selkowitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart windows could start appearing in larger projects like office buildings next year and should be more widely available to homeowners in three to five years. But they could be twice as expensive as today's windows. Selkowitz expects the cost coming down as manufacturing ramps up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest expense in replacing windows is often the labor of replacing the window. And if you already decided to put a new window in, the marginal cost of going to a much better window is almost always worth it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, while it may be only a few tech-geeks that spring for smart windows at first, Selkowitz says that leads the way for the rest of us – and for new buildings codes, where technology can have a much broader impact.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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