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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-nebraska-bioplastic.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cstrong>Companies like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Heinz ketchup have determined that plastic made from plants -- not oil -- makes sense both for the environment and for business. The growing demand has meant a boom in the bioplastic industry. Could this mean the end of the plastic bottle as we know it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Corn_Field640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Corn_Field640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Corn_Field640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20086\">\u003c/a>In a cornfield west of Lincoln, Nebraska dark green stalks rise chest-high from the soil and wind around the hill in perfect rows. Sunlight flashes on the leaves as they brush against each other in a gust of wind. The field will produce thousands of bushels of corn to be used in products ranging from cattle feed and corn syrup to ethanol and even plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 75 miles away, at a facility near Blair, Nebraska a constant rushing sound comes from long tubes that lead to gleaming steel silos. It sounds like kernels of corn, but it is actually millions of small plastic pellets. The pellets are plastic resin – the raw material for everything from food containers to carpet. For the last 10 years, a company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.natureworksllc.com/\">Nature Works\u003c/a> has used corn, instead of oil or natural gas, to make “bioplastic” near Blair. Nature Works is partially owned by the giant ag corporation, Cargill, and makes more bioplastic than any company in the world. Steve Bray is Director of Manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The capacity of the plant is 300 million pounds of polymer per year,” Bray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bioplastic plant has not yet reached that capacity, but it is getting close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the first three years of operation we saw triple-digit growth,” he said. “Almost every year it’s been double-digit growth. When the worldwide economy fell in 2008-2009 that slowed us down, but even then we had growth. Now that the economy is coming back we’re seeing very strong growth again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Works production grew in the range of 20-30% in the last year. That kind of growth is happening across the bioplastic industry. Kent Furst is an analyst with the market research firm, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.freedoniagroup.com/\">Freedonia Group\u003c/a>, based in Cleveland. He says even traditional plastic makers are investing bioplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether you look at it in pounds or dollars, it’s really growing very fast,” Furst said. “We expect the industry to double in size in the next 3 or 4 years.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20084\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThat kind of growth is impressive, but bioplastics are actually less than 1 percent of the overall plastics market. Still, Furst says bioplastics are beating even the most optimistic forecasts. So why are companies using more bioplastic now? Furst says consumer interest is part of it. More people are shopping for sustainability. But it is the price of oil that is making it affordable for manufacturers to make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the price of oil and natural gas in the early part of the last decade being so low, you didn’t see as much actual market interest in bioplastics,” Furst said. “But as the price of oil and natural gas rose in the later part of the decade I think that’s when you saw how fast bioplastics could be competitive with conventional plastics on price.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Searching the shelves of a supermarket in Lincoln, Nebraska it is still difficult to find bioplastic, but a couple examples show how some major corporations are beginning to buy in. A bag of Sun Chips is made by Frito-Lay, which is owned by \u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21416&q=coca+cola+heinz\">Pepsi Co\u003c/a>. The bag is made from Nature Works bioplastic, so both the container and the food inside are made of corn. Pepsi also announced that it is developing a 100% plant-based soda bottle. An Odwalla juice bottle made by Pepsi’s rival, \u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21787&q=COCA+COLA\">Coca-Cola\u003c/a>, is made with bioplastic from the Brazilian company, Braskem. They make plastic from sugar cane. Coke also announced it is coming out with a soda bottle that is 30% bioplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all biplastics are made equal and that could start to cause some problems as they become more common. Paul Fowler, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsp.edu/WIST/index.aspx\">Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Technology\u003c/a>, describes a growing bioplastics divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bioplastic could mean that the material is biodegradable, or it could mean that it’s bio-based, or it could mean that it’s both,” Fowler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The differences in chemistry among bioplastics mean that some plant-based containers are biodegradable but hard to recycle. Others are easy to recycle but do not biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, the Sun Chips bag made from Nature Works bioplastic, called PLA for polylactic acid. What sets PLA apart is that it is completely biodegradable, in the right conditions. But not many recyclers handle PLA because it can contaminate the traditional recycling stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Bioplastic_packaging640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20053\" title=\"Bioplastic_packaging640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Bioplastic_packaging640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Odwalla bottle on the other hand is made from Braskem bioplastic. It is made from sugar, but after it has been used it is no different from a bottle made from oil. It can be recycled almost anywhere in the country, but it does not biodegrade. So to compost or recycle? Fowler says there is room for both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you consider the landscape for all the various products that are made from plastics, then there is a space for everyone within that landscape,” Fowler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fowler says it does leave consumers with a lot to learn. As more bioplastic shows up on grocery store shelves, sustainable minded consumers will need to be prepared to choose from new shades of green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Additional Links: \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21732&q=ingeo\">Nature Works picks Asia for second bioplastic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.europeanplasticsnews.com/subscriber/newscat2.html?cat=1&channel=620&id=1298281829\">Nestle looks at bioplastic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.biopolymersummit.com/biopolymers-symposium-agenda.aspx\">2011 Biopolymers Symposium\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Companies like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Heinz ketchup have determined that plastic made from plants -- not oil -- makes sense both for the environment and for business. The growing demand has meant a boom in the bioplastic industry. Could this mean the end of the plastic bottle as we know it?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-nebraska-bioplastic.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\n\u003cstrong>Companies like Coca-Cola, Pepsi, and Heinz ketchup have determined that plastic made from plants -- not oil -- makes sense both for the environment and for business. The growing demand has meant a boom in the bioplastic industry. Could this mean the end of the plastic bottle as we know it?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Corn_Field640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Corn_Field640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Corn_Field640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20086\">\u003c/a>In a cornfield west of Lincoln, Nebraska dark green stalks rise chest-high from the soil and wind around the hill in perfect rows. Sunlight flashes on the leaves as they brush against each other in a gust of wind. The field will produce thousands of bushels of corn to be used in products ranging from cattle feed and corn syrup to ethanol and even plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 75 miles away, at a facility near Blair, Nebraska a constant rushing sound comes from long tubes that lead to gleaming steel silos. It sounds like kernels of corn, but it is actually millions of small plastic pellets. The pellets are plastic resin – the raw material for everything from food containers to carpet. For the last 10 years, a company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.natureworksllc.com/\">Nature Works\u003c/a> has used corn, instead of oil or natural gas, to make “bioplastic” near Blair. Nature Works is partially owned by the giant ag corporation, Cargill, and makes more bioplastic than any company in the world. Steve Bray is Director of Manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The capacity of the plant is 300 million pounds of polymer per year,” Bray said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bioplastic plant has not yet reached that capacity, but it is getting close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the first three years of operation we saw triple-digit growth,” he said. “Almost every year it’s been double-digit growth. When the worldwide economy fell in 2008-2009 that slowed us down, but even then we had growth. Now that the economy is coming back we’re seeing very strong growth again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature Works production grew in the range of 20-30% in the last year. That kind of growth is happening across the bioplastic industry. Kent Furst is an analyst with the market research firm, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.freedoniagroup.com/\">Freedonia Group\u003c/a>, based in Cleveland. He says even traditional plastic makers are investing bioplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether you look at it in pounds or dollars, it’s really growing very fast,” Furst said. “We expect the industry to double in size in the next 3 or 4 years.”\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"NatureWorks_Ingeo_Pellets640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20084\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nThat kind of growth is impressive, but bioplastics are actually less than 1 percent of the overall plastics market. Still, Furst says bioplastics are beating even the most optimistic forecasts. So why are companies using more bioplastic now? Furst says consumer interest is part of it. More people are shopping for sustainability. But it is the price of oil that is making it affordable for manufacturers to make the switch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the price of oil and natural gas in the early part of the last decade being so low, you didn’t see as much actual market interest in bioplastics,” Furst said. “But as the price of oil and natural gas rose in the later part of the decade I think that’s when you saw how fast bioplastics could be competitive with conventional plastics on price.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Searching the shelves of a supermarket in Lincoln, Nebraska it is still difficult to find bioplastic, but a couple examples show how some major corporations are beginning to buy in. A bag of Sun Chips is made by Frito-Lay, which is owned by \u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21416&q=coca+cola+heinz\">Pepsi Co\u003c/a>. The bag is made from Nature Works bioplastic, so both the container and the food inside are made of corn. Pepsi also announced that it is developing a 100% plant-based soda bottle. An Odwalla juice bottle made by Pepsi’s rival, \u003ca href=\"http://www.plasticsnews.com/headlines2.html?id=21787&q=COCA+COLA\">Coca-Cola\u003c/a>, is made with bioplastic from the Brazilian company, Braskem. They make plastic from sugar cane. Coke also announced it is coming out with a soda bottle that is 30% bioplastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not all biplastics are made equal and that could start to cause some problems as they become more common. Paul Fowler, Executive Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwsp.edu/WIST/index.aspx\">Wisconsin Institute for Sustainable Technology\u003c/a>, describes a growing bioplastics divide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bioplastic could mean that the material is biodegradable, or it could mean that it’s bio-based, or it could mean that it’s both,” Fowler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The differences in chemistry among bioplastics mean that some plant-based containers are biodegradable but hard to recycle. Others are easy to recycle but do not biodegrade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, the Sun Chips bag made from Nature Works bioplastic, called PLA for polylactic acid. What sets PLA apart is that it is completely biodegradable, in the right conditions. But not many recyclers handle PLA because it can contaminate the traditional recycling stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Bioplastic_packaging640.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20053\" title=\"Bioplastic_packaging640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/Bioplastic_packaging640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Odwalla bottle on the other hand is made from Braskem bioplastic. It is made from sugar, but after it has been used it is no different from a bottle made from oil. It can be recycled almost anywhere in the country, but it does not biodegrade. So to compost or recycle? Fowler says there is room for both.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you consider the landscape for all the various products that are made from plastics, then there is a space for everyone within that landscape,” Fowler said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Fowler says it does leave consumers with a lot to learn. 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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-philadelphia-recycling.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Until very recently Philadelphians recycled a dismal five-percent of their trash. But all that began to change a few years ago when the city stepped up its mandatory recycling program and cracked down on violators. Now residents are diverting nearly 20-percent of their trash – and that’s saving the city fees from expensive landfills. In our continuing series on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/recycling-in-america/\">Recycling in America\u003c/a>, Kerry Grens, from WHYY, reports on how a little consequence can go a long way to changing behavior.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling1-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling1-640x360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling1-640x360\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20040\">\u003c/a>Bright blue recycling bins neatly line 45th Street on Philadelphia’s west side. William Taylor, a recycling truck driver and a reverend, treats his routes kind of like a recycling ministry, doing whatever he can to get people on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the better neighborhoods for recycling,” Taylor said. “They have more of a clue of what’s supposed to be in the bucket. Some other neighborhoods, they don’t have a clue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to blame residents for being confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It used to be that people had to separate their recyclables: cans in one bucket, glass in another, and so on. Then the city rolled out “single stream” recycling: just one big blue bin for all recyclables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People just didn’t know what was recyclable,” says Carlton Williams, the deputy commissioner of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.phila.gov/streets/recycling.html\">Streets Department\u003c/a>. “People said, ‘I’m confused, I’m not going to figure it out anymore, I’ll just throw it in the trash.’” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia was the first city in the country to enact mandatory curbside recycling in 1987, and it’s one of the toughest laws in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities like San Diego and Seattle have followed suit, but Philadelphia’s recycling rates were low for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when mayor Michael Nutter took office in 2008, he got serious. The city started picking up recycling each week, instead of once every two weeks. It added plastics and cardboard to the list of acceptable items. It spent millions of dollars on trucks, bins, advertising and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia had a good incentive: it could earn money selling recyclables, while saving money on high tipping fees for hauling rubbish to landfills or incinerators. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at an all time high of $65 a ton for recycling for the city of Philadelphia. That is phenomenal. We’re paying $66.50 a ton when we throw things away as trash,” says Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep garbage costs in check, and to cash in by collecting more recycled material, the city sent dozens of city workers out roaming the streets, and they began hitting scofflaws in the pocketbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Kerry Withers, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.phila.gov/streets/sweep.html\">SWEEP officer\u003c/a>, comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sweep stands for Streets Walkways Education and Enforcement Program,” explains Withers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, he’s the trash police. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we see most of the people have blue bins around here, what we’ll look for is somebody who doesn’t have one and that prompts us to check if they’re recycling or not,” says Withers, as he snaps on blue latex gloves and walks up to a house, its front yard groomed with flower beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling2-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling2-640x360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling2-640x360\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20039\">\u003c/a>“Like right here, you have your soda, your plastics, inside of the trash,” says Withers, opening black trash bags. “You have your cardboard right there that’s not flattened down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withers walks up to the home owner, Thessalonia Sharpe, who comes out to her porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just got to let me know that you’re going to recycle. That’s all I need to know,” he says to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying,” says Sharpe. “I’m just cleaning out my basement, I thought that was all cardboard paper and stuff like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All your cardboards should be broken down,” he instructs her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Withers gives Sharpe a warning, but he regularly writes $50 tickets for people who don’t recycle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Philadelphia residents have paid thousands of dollars in trash and recycling tickets, including property owner Jacquie Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Otherwise known as Madame Trash. That’s how I feel,” says Stevens. “I’m a landlord in the city of Philadelphia, regretfully.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens owns 13 properties, which means she’s responsible for all the recycling misdeeds of those 13 properties. She says digging through her tenants’ trash is a violation of their privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put up a no trespassing sign. Doesn’t make any difference to them. They’re on the hunt for money. Like a gambler went mad, you know?” says Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since January of 2010, Philadelphia has issued about 24,000 tickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Philadelphia’s approach to getting people to recycle might anger some, it clearly has worked. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been averaging about 9900 tons a month [of recycling material], which is an all-time high,” says Deputy Commissioner Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the money not spent in landfill fees and the money earned selling recycled materials, the city is realizing a net savings of about one million dollars a month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoping to get those numbers even higher, the Streets Department has now dangled a carrot in front of residents, a coupon rewards program http://www.phillyrecyclingpays.com/recycling-rewards-detail.asp for anyone who recycles. The program is too new to tell whether it’s any more effective than writing tickets, but it’s bound to be more popular.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-7-15-quest-philadelphia-recycling.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Until very recently Philadelphians recycled a dismal five-percent of their trash. But all that began to change a few years ago when the city stepped up its mandatory recycling program and cracked down on violators. Now residents are diverting nearly 20-percent of their trash – and that’s saving the city fees from expensive landfills. In our continuing series on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/recycling-in-america/\">Recycling in America\u003c/a>, Kerry Grens, from WHYY, reports on how a little consequence can go a long way to changing behavior.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling1-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling1-640x360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling1-640x360\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-20040\">\u003c/a>Bright blue recycling bins neatly line 45th Street on Philadelphia’s west side. William Taylor, a recycling truck driver and a reverend, treats his routes kind of like a recycling ministry, doing whatever he can to get people on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is one of the better neighborhoods for recycling,” Taylor said. “They have more of a clue of what’s supposed to be in the bucket. Some other neighborhoods, they don’t have a clue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to blame residents for being confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It used to be that people had to separate their recyclables: cans in one bucket, glass in another, and so on. Then the city rolled out “single stream” recycling: just one big blue bin for all recyclables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People just didn’t know what was recyclable,” says Carlton Williams, the deputy commissioner of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.phila.gov/streets/recycling.html\">Streets Department\u003c/a>. “People said, ‘I’m confused, I’m not going to figure it out anymore, I’ll just throw it in the trash.’” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia was the first city in the country to enact mandatory curbside recycling in 1987, and it’s one of the toughest laws in the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities like San Diego and Seattle have followed suit, but Philadelphia’s recycling rates were low for years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when mayor Michael Nutter took office in 2008, he got serious. The city started picking up recycling each week, instead of once every two weeks. It added plastics and cardboard to the list of acceptable items. It spent millions of dollars on trucks, bins, advertising and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Philadelphia had a good incentive: it could earn money selling recyclables, while saving money on high tipping fees for hauling rubbish to landfills or incinerators. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at an all time high of $65 a ton for recycling for the city of Philadelphia. That is phenomenal. We’re paying $66.50 a ton when we throw things away as trash,” says Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To keep garbage costs in check, and to cash in by collecting more recycled material, the city sent dozens of city workers out roaming the streets, and they began hitting scofflaws in the pocketbook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where Kerry Withers, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.phila.gov/streets/sweep.html\">SWEEP officer\u003c/a>, comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sweep stands for Streets Walkways Education and Enforcement Program,” explains Withers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, he’s the trash police. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we see most of the people have blue bins around here, what we’ll look for is somebody who doesn’t have one and that prompts us to check if they’re recycling or not,” says Withers, as he snaps on blue latex gloves and walks up to a house, its front yard groomed with flower beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling2-640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling2-640x360-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling2-640x360\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-20039\">\u003c/a>“Like right here, you have your soda, your plastics, inside of the trash,” says Withers, opening black trash bags. “You have your cardboard right there that’s not flattened down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Withers walks up to the home owner, Thessalonia Sharpe, who comes out to her porch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You just got to let me know that you’re going to recycle. That’s all I need to know,” he says to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying,” says Sharpe. “I’m just cleaning out my basement, I thought that was all cardboard paper and stuff like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All your cardboards should be broken down,” he instructs her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time Withers gives Sharpe a warning, but he regularly writes $50 tickets for people who don’t recycle. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Philadelphia residents have paid thousands of dollars in trash and recycling tickets, including property owner Jacquie Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Otherwise known as Madame Trash. That’s how I feel,” says Stevens. “I’m a landlord in the city of Philadelphia, regretfully.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens owns 13 properties, which means she’s responsible for all the recycling misdeeds of those 13 properties. She says digging through her tenants’ trash is a violation of their privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I put up a no trespassing sign. Doesn’t make any difference to them. They’re on the hunt for money. Like a gambler went mad, you know?” says Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since January of 2010, Philadelphia has issued about 24,000 tickets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Philadelphia’s approach to getting people to recycle might anger some, it clearly has worked. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been averaging about 9900 tons a month [of recycling material], which is an all-time high,” says Deputy Commissioner Williams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the money not spent in landfill fees and the money earned selling recycled materials, the city is realizing a net savings of about one million dollars a month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoping to get those numbers even higher, the Streets Department has now dangled a carrot in front of residents, a coupon rewards program http://www.phillyrecyclingpays.com/recycling-rewards-detail.asp for anyone who recycles. The program is too new to tell whether it’s any more effective than writing tickets, but it’s bound to be more popular.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A dedicated group of outdoor lovers and trail planners is working to build a 500-mile biking and hiking trail along the entire shoreline of San Francisco and San Pablo bays. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"San Francisco Bay Trail\" href=\"http://www.baytrail.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Trail\u003c/a> project was started in the 1980s to build a “ring around the Bay.” The project has been compared to the 2,200-mile \u003ca title=\"Appalachian Trail Conservancy\" href=\"http://www.appalachiantrail.org/\">Appalachian Trail\u003c/a> in that it connects the communities along the way. But the Bay Trail is unique because it circles a body of water and does so in a major metropolitan area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 310 miles of the San Francisco Bay Trail have been completed as of this summer, and it turns out that Richmond is the city with the most miles of trail so far: 30. It makes sense if you think that Richmond is the city with the longest shoreline in the Bay Area. The city has also been lucky enough to have a group of volunteers who in the late 1990s created the \u003ca title=\"Trails for Richmond Action Committee\" href=\"http://www.pointrichmond.com/baytrail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trails for Richmond Action Committee \u003c/a>with the goal to finish the Bay Trail in that city. They have 11 miles left to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our video takes you on a journey along several sections of the Bay Trail in Richmond. We start out bird-watching at \u003ca title=\"Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/miller_knox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, then ride to the wetlands north of \u003ca title=\"Pt. Isabel Regional Shoreline\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_isabel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pt. Isabel Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, and end up at the newest section of the Bay Trail, which circles a \u003ca title=\"Map of the Landfill Loop of the San Francisco Bay Trail\" href=\"http://www.pointrichmond.com/baytrail/pdfs/WildcatMarsh.LandfillLoop.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">former landfill \u003c/a>off the Richmond Parkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our video, we wanted to somehow recreate the experience of watching the scenery change as you move along the Bay Trail. So we asked Bay Trail project manager \u003ca href=\"http://baytrail.abag.ca.gov/contact.html\">Laura Thompson\u003c/a> to ride her bicycle as we interviewed her, and we came up with our own low-tech “dolly” so that we could film her as we rode alongside. Check out the photos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A dedicated group of outdoor lovers and trail planners is working to build a 500-mile biking and hiking trail along the entire shoreline of San Francisco and San Pablo bays. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca title=\"San Francisco Bay Trail\" href=\"http://www.baytrail.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco Bay Trail\u003c/a> project was started in the 1980s to build a “ring around the Bay.” The project has been compared to the 2,200-mile \u003ca title=\"Appalachian Trail Conservancy\" href=\"http://www.appalachiantrail.org/\">Appalachian Trail\u003c/a> in that it connects the communities along the way. But the Bay Trail is unique because it circles a body of water and does so in a major metropolitan area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some 310 miles of the San Francisco Bay Trail have been completed as of this summer, and it turns out that Richmond is the city with the most miles of trail so far: 30. It makes sense if you think that Richmond is the city with the longest shoreline in the Bay Area. The city has also been lucky enough to have a group of volunteers who in the late 1990s created the \u003ca title=\"Trails for Richmond Action Committee\" href=\"http://www.pointrichmond.com/baytrail/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trails for Richmond Action Committee \u003c/a>with the goal to finish the Bay Trail in that city. They have 11 miles left to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our video takes you on a journey along several sections of the Bay Trail in Richmond. We start out bird-watching at \u003ca title=\"Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/miller_knox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, then ride to the wetlands north of \u003ca title=\"Pt. Isabel Regional Shoreline\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/pt_isabel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pt. Isabel Regional Shoreline\u003c/a>, and end up at the newest section of the Bay Trail, which circles a \u003ca title=\"Map of the Landfill Loop of the San Francisco Bay Trail\" href=\"http://www.pointrichmond.com/baytrail/pdfs/WildcatMarsh.LandfillLoop.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">former landfill \u003c/a>off the Richmond Parkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our video, we wanted to somehow recreate the experience of watching the scenery change as you move along the Bay Trail. So we asked Bay Trail project manager \u003ca href=\"http://baytrail.abag.ca.gov/contact.html\">Laura Thompson\u003c/a> to ride her bicycle as we interviewed her, and we came up with our own low-tech “dolly” so that we could film her as we rode alongside. Check out the photos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/earthatnight.jpg\">\u003cem>The earth at night as viewed from a space, in a composite image from \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/OLDsitedata/pubbriefs/fisherpbfeb2009b.html\">NASA\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world is not as dark as it used to be. Streetlights, parking lot security lights, office building lights, and neon signs shine all through the night. Light pollution can come directly from light bulbs, or it can bounce off of dust and water droplets in the air, creating a bright haze called skyglow. This 24-7 illumination can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/gall_earth_night.html\">seen from space\u003c/a>, and it has negative effects on humans and wildlife. But there are ways to dim the lights and reduce their effects—and save energy in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers have long aware of the problems associated with nighttime illumination—it makes stars disappear. Big telescopes are built away from big cities for this reason, although \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/us/20whipple.html\">bright lights have a way of encroaching\u003c/a>. QUEST blogger Ben Burress talks about light pollution and astronomy \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2007/07/06/dark-secrets/\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2009/01/16/globe-at-night-measuring-light-pollution-with-human-eyes/\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-astronomers are affected by nighttime lighting, too; exposure to light at night affects our circadian rhythm, the 24-hour cycle deep inside our bodies. Seeing light at night can cause sleep disorders. And long-term exposure to light at night has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/avoid-breast-cancer-sleep-in-the-dark-404522.html\">linked to breast cancer\u003c/a>, because light inhibits the production of melatonin, which slows the growth of cancer cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exposure to light affects animals, too. Anyone who has sat next to a porch light on a summer evening knows that moths are drawn to light—along with a multitude of other insects. Outdoor lights disturb insects’ nighttime navigation, and affect their feeding and mating. \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/OLDsitedata/pubbriefs/fisherpbfeb2009b.html\">Lizards are often found feeding\u003c/a> on the tasty insect snacks that gather around lights. Often, these lizards are not normally nocturnal—staying up at night gives them access to a “night-light niche” and an abundant food source. It also creates the opportunity for interactions between animals that would never meet in the dark conditions of previous centuries. Some lizards get a double benefit, basking in the warmth given off by artificial lights (incandescent lights are really inefficient; most of the energy they use goes to producing heat, not light). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Night lights make birds sing at odd hours, and mess with their mating and migration schedules. During migration, birds are drawn to the light from tall buildings and towers, resulting in deadly collisions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea turtles are perhaps the most famous example of animals affected by light. Hatchlings swim towards the light—historically the horizon above the ocean. But now that beaches are backed by well-lit condos and hotels, baby turtles crawl further onshore instead of out to sea. There is evidence that sea turtles are drawn to light with short wavelengths, and using bulbs with longer wavelengths or using filters that cut out short light wavelengths reduces the number of baby turtles crawling in the wrong direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simple fixes, like different bulbs or shades that focus light on the ground, can do a lot to re-darken the night sky, as does turning off unnecessary lighting. Dimmer, more efficient bulbs that provide enough light for human needs—but not too much—are a step in the right direction, and can save on energy costs. \u003ca href=\"http://www.darksky.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=669&Itemid=110\">Dark sky conservation\u003c/a> and stricter lighting ordinances will help. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was surprised by the negative health effects of exposure to nighttime lighting—something to keep in mind as I work late into the night, basking like a lizard in the glow of my computer screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/earthatnight.jpg\">\u003cem>The earth at night as viewed from a space, in a composite image from \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/OLDsitedata/pubbriefs/fisherpbfeb2009b.html\">NASA\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world is not as dark as it used to be. Streetlights, parking lot security lights, office building lights, and neon signs shine all through the night. Light pollution can come directly from light bulbs, or it can bounce off of dust and water droplets in the air, creating a bright haze called skyglow. This 24-7 illumination can be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/earthday/gall_earth_night.html\">seen from space\u003c/a>, and it has negative effects on humans and wildlife. But there are ways to dim the lights and reduce their effects—and save energy in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers have long aware of the problems associated with nighttime illumination—it makes stars disappear. Big telescopes are built away from big cities for this reason, although \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/us/20whipple.html\">bright lights have a way of encroaching\u003c/a>. QUEST blogger Ben Burress talks about light pollution and astronomy \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2007/07/06/dark-secrets/\">here\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest/blog/2009/01/16/globe-at-night-measuring-light-pollution-with-human-eyes/\">here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Non-astronomers are affected by nighttime lighting, too; exposure to light at night affects our circadian rhythm, the 24-hour cycle deep inside our bodies. Seeing light at night can cause sleep disorders. And long-term exposure to light at night has been \u003ca href=\"http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/health-news/avoid-breast-cancer-sleep-in-the-dark-404522.html\">linked to breast cancer\u003c/a>, because light inhibits the production of melatonin, which slows the growth of cancer cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exposure to light affects animals, too. Anyone who has sat next to a porch light on a summer evening knows that moths are drawn to light—along with a multitude of other insects. Outdoor lights disturb insects’ nighttime navigation, and affect their feeding and mating. \u003ca href=\"http://www.werc.usgs.gov/OLDsitedata/pubbriefs/fisherpbfeb2009b.html\">Lizards are often found feeding\u003c/a> on the tasty insect snacks that gather around lights. Often, these lizards are not normally nocturnal—staying up at night gives them access to a “night-light niche” and an abundant food source. It also creates the opportunity for interactions between animals that would never meet in the dark conditions of previous centuries. Some lizards get a double benefit, basking in the warmth given off by artificial lights (incandescent lights are really inefficient; most of the energy they use goes to producing heat, not light). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Night lights make birds sing at odd hours, and mess with their mating and migration schedules. During migration, birds are drawn to the light from tall buildings and towers, resulting in deadly collisions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea turtles are perhaps the most famous example of animals affected by light. Hatchlings swim towards the light—historically the horizon above the ocean. But now that beaches are backed by well-lit condos and hotels, baby turtles crawl further onshore instead of out to sea. There is evidence that sea turtles are drawn to light with short wavelengths, and using bulbs with longer wavelengths or using filters that cut out short light wavelengths reduces the number of baby turtles crawling in the wrong direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simple fixes, like different bulbs or shades that focus light on the ground, can do a lot to re-darken the night sky, as does turning off unnecessary lighting. Dimmer, more efficient bulbs that provide enough light for human needs—but not too much—are a step in the right direction, and can save on energy costs. \u003ca href=\"http://www.darksky.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=669&Itemid=110\">Dark sky conservation\u003c/a> and stricter lighting ordinances will help. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was surprised by the negative health effects of exposure to nighttime lighting—something to keep in mind as I work late into the night, basking like a lizard in the glow of my computer screen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>In California, 82 percent of cans and bottles are recycled.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.6818745 -121.7680088\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling300.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>In California, 82 percent of cans and bottles are recycled.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.6818745 -121.7680088\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Boom Times For The Recycling Industry",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19286\">Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Video Player Inline II\" mediaid=\"19771\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slideshow Producer: Kate Szrom\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/07/2011-07-11-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here's one silver lining to a slow economy: High recycling rates. Americans are wasting far less, and recycling far more. Nowhere is the trend as strong as in California. As Amy Standen reports, this change is sending ripple effects throughout the economy.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom:1px dotted #cecece;height:20px;margin-bottom:10px\"> \u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/07/recycling640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"recycling640\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-19286\">Monet Coleman, I think it’s fair to say, is not your average dyed-in-the-wool, tree-hugging environmentalist. She says until recently, “I never thought to recycle. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a couple months ago, Coleman ran out of gas money and was late to her classes at nursing school. She wasn’t finding part time work. And that’s when she started getting a lot more enthusiastic about garbage. A few weeks ago, she made eighty dollars collecting cans and bottles from family members’ homes and around her complex, and bringing them to \u003ca href=\"http://www.alliancerecycling.net/\">Alliance Recycling\u003c/a>, a buy-back center in Emeryville. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recycling is making the way for me now,” she says. “I guess it’s my job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s true of a lot more people than it used to be, says Jay Anast, who owns Alliance Recycling. A few years ago, the only people who came in here were were pushing shopping carts. Now, he’s seeing late model Toyotas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since the economy burst,” says Anast, “we’ve seen more of your middle-class types. We’re getting quite a bit of that now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of this stuff would have been put out on the curbside and recycled anyway. But some of it wouldn’t have, which is one reason that recycling rates across the country have soared, according to Jerry Powell, who edits \u003ca href=\"http://www.resource-recycling.com/\">Resource Recycling Magazine\u003c/a>, based in Portland, Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Powell says nationwide, \u003ca href=\"http://resource-recycling.com/node/1827\">58 percent of aluminum cans are recycled\u003c/a>, the highest rate in 11 years. Soon, he predicts, more cans will be recycled than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in California, the rates are even higher, thanks in part to the state’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa/california.htm\">bottle bill\u003c/a>, which puts a five-cent redemption value on every aluminum, glass, and plastic beverage container, from soda cans to water bottles. (You can see which 11 states in the US have bottle bills \u003ca href=\"http://www.bottlebill.org/legislation/usa.htm\">on this map\u003c/a>.) Last year, 82 percent of cans and bottles sold in California were recycled. That’s up from 55 percent in 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are recycling vastly more than they used to. It’s a big shift. Recycling was once the icing. Now, it’s the cake. And no where is this change as stark as it is in San Francisco, where the city now recycles or composts \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.typepad.com/sf_mayor/2010/08/mayor-newsom-announces-san-franciscos-waste-diversion-rate-at-77-percent-shattering-city-goal-and-national-recycling-reco.html\">almost 80 percent of its waste,\u003c/a> sending 30 percent to the landfill. “Fifteen years ago, it was completely the opposite,” says Powell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of both high recycling rates, and increasing scarcity of natural resources, recycling is a bigger part of our economy than it has ever been before. Entire industries, here, and abroad, literally can’t survive without those bottles, cans, and cardboard boxes you put on the curb, or bring to a recycling center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the total recycling industry said ‘stop,’, says Powell, “ you wouldn’t have an American car made. They’re mainly made out of recycled steel. You wouldn’t have beverages as we have today. You’d have half the newspaper, because you could only get half the paper. Recycling is now just part of the normal economic order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when people start recycling even more and throwing away less, there are growing pains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Berkeley. For years, the city billed residents for garbage pick-up. Recycling was free, as a way of encouraging people to do more of it. But when people started throwing away less garbage, \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2010-02-09/bay-area/17872973_1_diversion-rate-recycling-garbage\">the city’s revenues dropped\u003c/a>. The city has raised garbage rates three times in as many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, consider the landfills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under a baking blue sky at \u003ca href=\"http://wmcabay.wm.com/landfills/altamont.htm\">Altamont Landfill\u003c/a>, near Livermore, a bulldozer rakes over the days’ trash. It’s been trucked up here from San Francisco and Alameda County and is now being crushed into the hillside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ken Lewis, area director for this landfill, and I stand on a massive pile of old garbage. It contains almost every scrap of trash tossed by San Francisco residents for the past 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the industry, it’s called “municipal solid waste,” says Lewis, “paper, organic materials, plastics, film plastic bottles, a lot of materials you’d find in any household that’s been thrown out over the last years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But times have changed. Almost every one of those things is now recyclable, which means, more and more, they aren’t ending up here. Add the fact that, in a recession people buy less stuff, and you have a landfill that’s taking in about two thirds of what it accepted in 2000, says Lewis. He says volumes are way down from San Francisco, Alameda County, and virtually every other jurisdiction as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once upon a time, California’s politicians warned about a landfill crisis. Now, the state finds itself with enough \u003ca href=\"http://www.standard.net/topics/economy/2011/06/09/garbage-declines-economy-easing-landfill-pressure\">existing landfill space \u003c/a>to last nearly 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also means that, as garbage sent to landfills, decreases, the companies that run the landfills must find ways to diversify their businesses. They must find ways to make a profit off of \u003ci>not\u003c/i> throwing stuff away. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Houston-based Waste Management, which owns the Altamont landfill, is a good example. Over the last few years, the company has been buying up composting facilities across the country. It runs more recycling operations than any other single company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a couple years ago this landfill \u003ca href=\"http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl/business/energy/5741065.html\">took a step ahead\u003c/a> of any other such site in the country. It opened up the first landfill-gas-to-liquid-natural-gas facility in the country. This way, the company can benefit from all those rotting banana peels inside the landfill. As the garbage decomposes, it lets off natural gas, including methane. The landfill has built a facility to suck these gasses out of the landfill, and send them to a processing facility, where they’re converted into liquid natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This gas now fuels Waste Management’s trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Video Player Inline II\" mediaid=\"19771\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sea Lions, Herring, and Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/Pier391.jpg\">\u003cem>San Francisco's Pier 39 is home to only a few sea lions this summer.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spent Saturday sightseeing in San Francisco with a friend visiting from out of town, and I thought I’d check in on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/california-sea-lion/\">sea lions\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pier39.com/Information/webcamnew.htm\">Pier 39\u003c/a>. Just a few years ago, there were about 1600 of them, slithering on and off the wooden docks, basking in the sun, and barking at one another. Then in 2009, most of them swam away, as QUEST blogger Amy Gotliffe \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/02/11/wonderin-where-the-lions-are/\">explained\u003c/a>. The sea lions’ favorite food, herring, was in short supply, so they went to Oregon to feast on anchovies and salmon. Now the herring are making a comeback—will the sea lions return too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend the floating wooden palates at Pier 39 were mostly bare; there were perhaps a dozen sea lions. We would expect the sea lion numbers to be low this time of year, herring or no herring. In the summer, sea lions travel down south (the Channel Islands, San Diego, Baja) to breed. But there were still fewer sea lions at Pier 39 than in summers past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions will eat a lot of different prey items: octopus, squid, small sharks. But their bread and butter is herring, which have been hard to find in recent years. The herring fishery is the only fishery still in operation in San Francisco Bay, and it \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/localnews/ci_13280772\">closed\u003c/a> during the 2009/2010 season (December through April), because there were so few fish. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/web-only-articles/a-good-season-for-bay-herring\">the herring fishery opened again\u003c/a>, but with a lower quota than in the past, to allow the fish to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a few hypotheses about why the herring numbers dipped so low in 2009. First, herring lay their eggs in the brackish waters of the estuaries around San Francisco Bay. Each female fish can lay up to 50,000 eggs, which are a prized commodity in Japan. However, the years leading up to 2009 were drought years, so the estuaries were saltier than usual. That may have affected the herrings’ spawning success. Second, the 2007 Cosco Busan oil spill may have affected herring health. Researchers found oil-soaked embryos, which were deformed. Third, herring declines may be the result of climate change. As surface waters get warmer, there is less mixing with cold, nutrient-rich water from the bottom of the ocean. There are also big patches of the ocean that have very little oxygen. These hypoxic zones are deadly to their inhabitants, and are affecting many marine species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the herring appear to be making a comeback, possibly because the past few years have been wet and the estuaries are sufficiently fresh, or because the spilled oil has been flushed from the Bay. Time will tell whether the sea lions follow their food and return to Pier 39. I hope they come back—along with the twists and turns of Lombard Street and the Golden Gate Bridge, the Embarcadero’s sea lions are one of my favorite San Francisco treasures to show off to visiting friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.809079 -122.411934\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/Pier391.jpg\">\u003cem>San Francisco's Pier 39 is home to only a few sea lions this summer.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I spent Saturday sightseeing in San Francisco with a friend visiting from out of town, and I thought I’d check in on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/california-sea-lion/\">sea lions\u003c/a> at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pier39.com/Information/webcamnew.htm\">Pier 39\u003c/a>. Just a few years ago, there were about 1600 of them, slithering on and off the wooden docks, basking in the sun, and barking at one another. Then in 2009, most of them swam away, as QUEST blogger Amy Gotliffe \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2010/02/11/wonderin-where-the-lions-are/\">explained\u003c/a>. The sea lions’ favorite food, herring, was in short supply, so they went to Oregon to feast on anchovies and salmon. Now the herring are making a comeback—will the sea lions return too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This weekend the floating wooden palates at Pier 39 were mostly bare; there were perhaps a dozen sea lions. We would expect the sea lion numbers to be low this time of year, herring or no herring. In the summer, sea lions travel down south (the Channel Islands, San Diego, Baja) to breed. But there were still fewer sea lions at Pier 39 than in summers past. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions will eat a lot of different prey items: octopus, squid, small sharks. But their bread and butter is herring, which have been hard to find in recent years. The herring fishery is the only fishery still in operation in San Francisco Bay, and it \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/localnews/ci_13280772\">closed\u003c/a> during the 2009/2010 season (December through April), because there were so few fish. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/web-only-articles/a-good-season-for-bay-herring\">the herring fishery opened again\u003c/a>, but with a lower quota than in the past, to allow the fish to recover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/baycheckerspot2.jpg\">\u003cem>The life history cycles of the bay checkerspot butterfly and its host plant, Plantago, don’t match up anymore. When the butterfly eggs hatch, the plant is no longer edible. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/447852484/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomorrow is our summer \u003ca href=\"http://scijinks.nasa.gov/solstice\">solstice\u003c/a>—the longest day of the year here in the Northern Hemisphere. For folks in the Southern Hemisphere, tomorrow is the winter solstice, the shortest day of the year. The solstices occur thanks to the tilt of the earth. Humans have been recognizing and celebrating the solstices throughout history; \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge\">Stonehenge\u003c/a> is just one example. But we humans are not the only creatures that pay attention to day length. The life cycles of myriad plants and animals are controlled by the length of the day.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many plants and animals are sensitive to the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoperiodism\">photoperiod\u003c/a>, or day length. As day length grows longer throughout the springtime, many species of plants begin to flower. Other plants are triggered to reproduce when the day length becomes shorter. In these plants, a protein is actually responding to the number of hours of darkness, not to the hours of light. Many animals respond to day length, too. For many bird species, a critical day length initiates their reproductive maturation and is their cue to begin migrating. Decreasing day length also prompts hibernation in many animals. In all of these examples, photoperiod is controlling organisms’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.usanpn.org/about/phenology\">phenology\u003c/a>—the timing of life events, like plant flowering and bird egg laying. Phenology is often tied to the seasons, because of organisms’ responses to day length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phenology can also be controlled by other factors, like temperature and the amount of rainfall. As the days grow warmer because of climate change, the timing of organisms’ life cycles is shifting. Spring happens earlier than it used to, and many springtime life events are happening earlier too. In major 2003 \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6918/full/nature01286.html\">study\u003c/a> of nearly 700 species, including birds, insects, frogs, flowering plants, and trees, 62% of species’ life cycles had shifted over an average of 45 years. Birds and frogs bred earlier, migrating birds and butterflies arrived sooner, and plants flowered and buds burst earlier. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is likely leading to a widespread phenological mismatch; while some organisms are responding to earlier springtime temperatures, other organisms are still tracking day length. This means that insects emerge ready to feed on particular plants, but the plants are not yet edible. The insects don’t get their food, and the plants don’t get pollinated. Or migrating birds arrive hungry, and their food source has not yet ripened. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is difficult to know to what extent phonological mismatches are taking place. A proper study of phenology requires a lot of data—many widespread observations of when a particular plant is flowering, or when and where a particular migratory bird is present. This is where you come in. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.usanpn.org/\">National Phenology Network\u003c/a> has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.usanpn.org/participate\">citizen science program\u003c/a> that allows people across the country to record their observations of plants and animals. This crowd-sourced data will be used to determine the extent and effects of shifts in the timing of organisms’ life cycles. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/baycheckerspot2.jpg\">\u003cem>The life history cycles of the bay checkerspot butterfly and its host plant, Plantago, don’t match up anymore. When the butterfly eggs hatch, the plant is no longer edible. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/kqedquest/447852484/\">kqedquest\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tomorrow is our summer \u003ca href=\"http://scijinks.nasa.gov/solstice\">solstice\u003c/a>—the longest day of the year here in the Northern Hemisphere. For folks in the Southern Hemisphere, tomorrow is the winter solstice, the shortest day of the year. The solstices occur thanks to the tilt of the earth. Humans have been recognizing and celebrating the solstices throughout history; \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stonehenge\">Stonehenge\u003c/a> is just one example. But we humans are not the only creatures that pay attention to day length. The life cycles of myriad plants and animals are controlled by the length of the day.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many plants and animals are sensitive to the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoperiodism\">photoperiod\u003c/a>, or day length. As day length grows longer throughout the springtime, many species of plants begin to flower. Other plants are triggered to reproduce when the day length becomes shorter. In these plants, a protein is actually responding to the number of hours of darkness, not to the hours of light. Many animals respond to day length, too. For many bird species, a critical day length initiates their reproductive maturation and is their cue to begin migrating. Decreasing day length also prompts hibernation in many animals. In all of these examples, photoperiod is controlling organisms’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.usanpn.org/about/phenology\">phenology\u003c/a>—the timing of life events, like plant flowering and bird egg laying. Phenology is often tied to the seasons, because of organisms’ responses to day length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Phenology can also be controlled by other factors, like temperature and the amount of rainfall. As the days grow warmer because of climate change, the timing of organisms’ life cycles is shifting. Spring happens earlier than it used to, and many springtime life events are happening earlier too. In major 2003 \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v421/n6918/full/nature01286.html\">study\u003c/a> of nearly 700 species, including birds, insects, frogs, flowering plants, and trees, 62% of species’ life cycles had shifted over an average of 45 years. Birds and frogs bred earlier, migrating birds and butterflies arrived sooner, and plants flowered and buds burst earlier. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is likely leading to a widespread phenological mismatch; while some organisms are responding to earlier springtime temperatures, other organisms are still tracking day length. This means that insects emerge ready to feed on particular plants, but the plants are not yet edible. The insects don’t get their food, and the plants don’t get pollinated. Or migrating birds arrive hungry, and their food source has not yet ripened. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Climate Cousins",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ClimateCousinLg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Scrubby vegetation and vineyards: it may look like California, but it’s not. Photo: Jennifer Skene.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just got back from a month-long rock climbing trip near Barcelona, Spain—and though I’d never been there before, the vegetation looked a bit familiar. Hiking around, my skin was constantly scratched by the stiff, sharp leaves of shrubby plants—similar to California’s chaparral. Lizards I almost recognized darted across dry patches of dirt. The weather was similar to California’s, too—being summer, it was hot and dry. This was no coincidence. Spain, in the Mediterranean Basin, is California’s climate cousin.\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On every continent except Antarctica, the west coasts share a similar climate, called the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climate\">Mediterranean climate\u003c/a>. It is characterized by warm to hot summers with basically no rainfall, and winters that are short, mild, and wet. A world \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Medclim.png\">map\u003c/a> of Mediterranean climate regions shows that in addition to the Mediterranean Basin and the coast of California, the west coast of South America from Peru to Chile, the northwest part of Africa, parts of western and southern Australia, and parts of South Africa all share the Mediterranean climate. The sweet spot is at about 35 degrees latitude, both north and south. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate is a product of ocean currents and the up-and-down movement of air above Earth’s surface. In the northern hemisphere ocean currents swirl clockwise, and in the southern hemisphere ocean currents swirl counter-clockwise, thanks to Earth’s rotation and the resultant \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36MiCUS1ro\">Coriolis Effect\u003c/a>. The direction of the currents means that water flowing along the west coast of all continents is cold, having recently come from the poles. Air follows the ocean currents, binging storms and precipitation in winter. In summer, the effect of the up-and-down movement of air in the atmosphere kicks in and influences climate. In summer, dry air sinks along the latitude band of about 30 degrees to 35 degrees. The dry sinking air prevents storms from moving in, and is largely responsible for Mediterranean regions’ summer droughts. Sinking and rising of air on Earth’s surface is due to the Sun’s uneven heating of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those scratchy shrubs that plagued me throughout my vacation are the signature flora of Mediterranean climates. Drought-tolerant evergreen shrubs exist in every Mediterranean region. In fact, the word to describe California’s scrappy shrubs, chaparral, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chaparral\">Spanish origins\u003c/a>—chaparro (initially txapar in Basque) means dwarf evergreen oak. We now use the word chaparral to refer to the whole habitat type, not just the shrubs themselves. Elsewhere, this habitat type goes by other names. In the Mediterranean region, it is called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquis_shrubland\">maquis\u003c/a>; in South Africa, it is the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fynbos\">fynbos\u003c/a>; and in Australia, it’s called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwongan\">kwongan\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These shrubs are not phased by the fact that Mediterranean summers are bone dry. They have evolved plenty of adaptations to drought: small, light-colored leaves that reflect sunlight, rather than absorb it; leaves that often point towards the sky, to minimize the amount of sunlight (and heat) they absorb; and the ability to hang on to those leaves from year to year, rather than waste energy making a new set each spring. But by autumn, the crispy vegetation is pretty flammable. Spain appears to be prepared; it seemed like half the rock climbers I met were bomberos, or firefighters. However, climbers are probably drawn to this career not because they could potentially save their favorite climbing areas from fiery infernos, but because the hours (24 hours of work, 72 hours of weekend, repeat) facilitate frequent climbing trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The similarity of climates at about 35 degrees latitude is not lost to the wine industry. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.thirtyfifty.co.uk/spotlight-sun-earth-wine.asp#Part3\">map of wine producing regions of the world\u003c/a> matches up almost exactly with a map of the Mediterranean climate regions. Growers can take advantage of the perfect conditions for growing grapes. And vacationers can take advantage of these conditions, too—I returned from my vacation relaxed, suntanned, and having tasted quite a few good wines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/ClimateCousinLg.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/span>\u003cbr>\n\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>Scrubby vegetation and vineyards: it may look like California, but it’s not. Photo: Jennifer Skene.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I just got back from a month-long rock climbing trip near Barcelona, Spain—and though I’d never been there before, the vegetation looked a bit familiar. Hiking around, my skin was constantly scratched by the stiff, sharp leaves of shrubby plants—similar to California’s chaparral. Lizards I almost recognized darted across dry patches of dirt. The weather was similar to California’s, too—being summer, it was hot and dry. This was no coincidence. Spain, in the Mediterranean Basin, is California’s climate cousin.\u003c!--more--> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On every continent except Antarctica, the west coasts share a similar climate, called the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_climate\">Mediterranean climate\u003c/a>. It is characterized by warm to hot summers with basically no rainfall, and winters that are short, mild, and wet. A world \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Medclim.png\">map\u003c/a> of Mediterranean climate regions shows that in addition to the Mediterranean Basin and the coast of California, the west coast of South America from Peru to Chile, the northwest part of Africa, parts of western and southern Australia, and parts of South Africa all share the Mediterranean climate. The sweet spot is at about 35 degrees latitude, both north and south. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate is a product of ocean currents and the up-and-down movement of air above Earth’s surface. In the northern hemisphere ocean currents swirl clockwise, and in the southern hemisphere ocean currents swirl counter-clockwise, thanks to Earth’s rotation and the resultant \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_36MiCUS1ro\">Coriolis Effect\u003c/a>. The direction of the currents means that water flowing along the west coast of all continents is cold, having recently come from the poles. Air follows the ocean currents, binging storms and precipitation in winter. In summer, the effect of the up-and-down movement of air in the atmosphere kicks in and influences climate. In summer, dry air sinks along the latitude band of about 30 degrees to 35 degrees. The dry sinking air prevents storms from moving in, and is largely responsible for Mediterranean regions’ summer droughts. Sinking and rising of air on Earth’s surface is due to the Sun’s uneven heating of Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those scratchy shrubs that plagued me throughout my vacation are the signature flora of Mediterranean climates. Drought-tolerant evergreen shrubs exist in every Mediterranean region. In fact, the word to describe California’s scrappy shrubs, chaparral, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/chaparral\">Spanish origins\u003c/a>—chaparro (initially txapar in Basque) means dwarf evergreen oak. We now use the word chaparral to refer to the whole habitat type, not just the shrubs themselves. Elsewhere, this habitat type goes by other names. In the Mediterranean region, it is called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maquis_shrubland\">maquis\u003c/a>; in South Africa, it is the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fynbos\">fynbos\u003c/a>; and in Australia, it’s called \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwongan\">kwongan\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These shrubs are not phased by the fact that Mediterranean summers are bone dry. They have evolved plenty of adaptations to drought: small, light-colored leaves that reflect sunlight, rather than absorb it; leaves that often point towards the sky, to minimize the amount of sunlight (and heat) they absorb; and the ability to hang on to those leaves from year to year, rather than waste energy making a new set each spring. But by autumn, the crispy vegetation is pretty flammable. Spain appears to be prepared; it seemed like half the rock climbers I met were bomberos, or firefighters. However, climbers are probably drawn to this career not because they could potentially save their favorite climbing areas from fiery infernos, but because the hours (24 hours of work, 72 hours of weekend, repeat) facilitate frequent climbing trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The similarity of climates at about 35 degrees latitude is not lost to the wine industry. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.thirtyfifty.co.uk/spotlight-sun-earth-wine.asp#Part3\">map of wine producing regions of the world\u003c/a> matches up almost exactly with a map of the Mediterranean climate regions. Growers can take advantage of the perfect conditions for growing grapes. And vacationers can take advantage of these conditions, too—I returned from my vacation relaxed, suntanned, and having tasted quite a few good wines. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> 37.879329 -122.2463347\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/spider3.jpg\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Photo Credit: JLplusAL\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solifugae\">camel spider\u003c/a> - also known as the wind scorpion or sun spider - has taken its place amongst many tall tales and urban legends. They are technically not spiders (which are within the order Araneae) as they are in the Solifugue order, which translates from Latin as \"those that flee from the sun\". They are desert-dwelling opportunistic carnivores that hunt nocturnally and flee from the sun during they day. Although camel spiders sightings are most often reported in the Middle East, they are also species native to the Southwest United States and Mexico. Troops coming back from the Middle East have only added more infamy to the already existing stories. So what is fact and what is fiction?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders get their name from eating the underbellies of camels. It might be that they got their name because these creatures hide from the sun and could have often been found in the shadow of camels. Although this order spans across the world, they are only found in arid and dry desserts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True of False: \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>They will scream as they run after humans.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often people have felt that camel spiders are chasing them but really they are chasing their shadow and the shade. If a person stands still, the camel spider will stay in the shade of the shadow cast. Camel spiders do not scream, some species will hiss but most do not make any sound. Camel spiders will shun the sun and during the day seek either shade or a place where they can dig a burrow to get out of the sun. However at night, light will attract a camel spider and they will run towards it. Most often, camel spiders will hunt at night and seek burrows or shade during the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True of False: \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>They can run up to 30 miles per hour.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders are fast in comparison to other invertebrates but 30 miles per hour is quite an exaggeration. The fastest camel spider can reach speeds of 10 miles per hour over a very short distance. To give a sense of their speed that is equivalent to running a six-minute mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True or False: \u003c/strong> \u003cem>\u003cstrong>If you put a camel spider on a basketball, its legs can touch the ground.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their have been many pictures of camel spiders that been doctored to make them look much larger than they actually are. Camel spiders can grow to, at most, a length of six inches including their legs. In one picture I came across, a camel spider is compared to a package of cigarettes, although it wasn’t the Camel brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True or False:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>\u003cstrong>They have been known to anaesthetize sleeping humans and gorge on large chunks of their flesh, so much in fact they their bodies swell to the point that they are unable to move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders will eat insects, bugs, lizards, and perhaps small snakes but they are not known to eat prey bigger than they are. They will gorge if given the opportunity; their abdomen will swell and they can barely move after a large meal. Camel spiders are aggressive and if they are cornered or feel threatened they will bite. They have no venom glands and rely on a strong and crushing pincer known as the chelicerae to bite. Their bite is painful and if left untreated can cause infection. However, if a person does not antagonize a camel spider it will not bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders in reality have more bark than bite. They look quite sinister but are fairly harmless to humans. However if you are a scorpion or insect in their path – well that’s another story.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True of False: \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>They can run up to 30 miles per hour.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders are fast in comparison to other invertebrates but 30 miles per hour is quite an exaggeration. The fastest camel spider can reach speeds of 10 miles per hour over a very short distance. To give a sense of their speed that is equivalent to running a six-minute mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True or False: \u003c/strong> \u003cem>\u003cstrong>If you put a camel spider on a basketball, its legs can touch the ground.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their have been many pictures of camel spiders that been doctored to make them look much larger than they actually are. Camel spiders can grow to, at most, a length of six inches including their legs. In one picture I came across, a camel spider is compared to a package of cigarettes, although it wasn’t the Camel brand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>True or False:\u003c/strong> \u003cem>\u003cstrong>They have been known to anaesthetize sleeping humans and gorge on large chunks of their flesh, so much in fact they their bodies swell to the point that they are unable to move.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders will eat insects, bugs, lizards, and perhaps small snakes but they are not known to eat prey bigger than they are. They will gorge if given the opportunity; their abdomen will swell and they can barely move after a large meal. Camel spiders are aggressive and if they are cornered or feel threatened they will bite. They have no venom glands and rely on a strong and crushing pincer known as the chelicerae to bite. Their bite is painful and if left untreated can cause infection. However, if a person does not antagonize a camel spider it will not bite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camel spiders in reality have more bark than bite. They look quite sinister but are fairly harmless to humans. However if you are a scorpion or insect in their path – well that’s another story.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Earth Day, Celebrate the Other 71% with World Oceans Day",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2695\" title=\"world_oceans_day\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In April, people across the USA and the world celebrated the beauty of nature, our rivers and mountains, and wildlife. The original Earth Day was inspired by founder \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson\">Gaylord Nelson\u003c/a>, former U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing the devastation of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. In that era of protests against war and social Injustice, millions rallied across the US to the first \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day\">Earth Day\u003c/a> to demand change. Rivers burning, mountains clear-cut and vanishing species enraged our citizens and they gathered en masse across the nation and demanded change. This public demonstration of love for nature led to the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the passage of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/\">Clean Air\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/cwa.cfm?program_id=45\">Clean Water\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/esact.html\">Endangered Species Acts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty years later the rivers are cleaner, millions of acres have been established as national parks and wilderness areas and over all the air quality has improved. But what about the other 71%? Over half our oxygen comes from the ocean. Fish feed millions and the beauty and complexity of marine life leave us in awe. Yet today, a year after the ravages in the Gulf from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill\">BP Oil spill\u003c/a>, 90% of large pelagic shark species are going extinct from overfishing and for their fins. Whales and seals have been hunted to a genetic bottle neck and are hunted still. The wolves of the sea, the bluefin tuna, are being fished to the vanishing point. While a thousand other insults are being inflicted on Mother Ocean, where is our outrage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New oil wells are being considered along our coast while nuclear power plants hum along our shorelines vulnerable to Tsunami and earthquakes. Recent \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/24/toxic-algae-on-the-loose/\">die-offs of sardines\u003c/a> in southern California; emaciated and \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-06-19/news/17210751_1_sea-lions-marine-mammal-center-young-sea\">sickly sea lions\u003c/a> along the coast, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/12/producers-notes-californias-lost-salmon/\">vanishing salmon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county/ci_17913460?nclick_check=1\">stranded leopard sharks\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Bay are bellwethers reminding us that the ocean is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean needs our help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a week of celebrating the Earth, it's time to celebrate our ocean with \u003ca href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a>. This day had been unofficially celebrated every June 8 since its original proposal in 1992 by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was officially recognized by the United Nations in 2008. Since then, WOD has been coordinated internationally by \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoceanproject.org/\">The Ocean Project \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldoceannetwork.org/EN/page-AGIR_ENSEMBLE-Journ__e_Mondiale_de_l_Oc__an-5-20.htm\">World Ocean Network\u003c/a> with greater success and global participation each year. World Oceans Day is an opportunity every year to honor the world's ocean, to celebrate the all marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's time to motivate change and let our leaders know that marine life and ecosystem are worth protecting, and they need our protection now. This summer, celebrate World Oceans Day and tell our representatives we need a sea change. With our partners from The Ocean Project, \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/news/event\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a> will be coordinating a World Ocean Day Celebration at Crissy Field in San Francisco on June 11. We will be celebrating all marine life, especially sharks, and motivate people to protect the ocean and ocean life we love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-2695\" title=\"world_oceans_day\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2009/06/world_oceans_day1-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>In April, people across the USA and the world celebrated the beauty of nature, our rivers and mountains, and wildlife. The original Earth Day was inspired by founder \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaylord_Nelson\">Gaylord Nelson\u003c/a>, former U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, after witnessing the devastation of the 1969 massive oil spill in Santa Barbara, California. In that era of protests against war and social Injustice, millions rallied across the US to the first \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth_Day\">Earth Day\u003c/a> to demand change. Rivers burning, mountains clear-cut and vanishing species enraged our citizens and they gathered en masse across the nation and demanded change. This public demonstration of love for nature led to the creation of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/\">Environmental Protection Agency\u003c/a> and the passage of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/air/caa/\">Clean Air\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/cwa.cfm?program_id=45\">Clean Water\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fws.gov/laws/lawsdigest/esact.html\">Endangered Species Acts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forty years later the rivers are cleaner, millions of acres have been established as national parks and wilderness areas and over all the air quality has improved. But what about the other 71%? Over half our oxygen comes from the ocean. Fish feed millions and the beauty and complexity of marine life leave us in awe. Yet today, a year after the ravages in the Gulf from the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deepwater_Horizon_oil_spill\">BP Oil spill\u003c/a>, 90% of large pelagic shark species are going extinct from overfishing and for their fins. Whales and seals have been hunted to a genetic bottle neck and are hunted still. The wolves of the sea, the bluefin tuna, are being fished to the vanishing point. While a thousand other insults are being inflicted on Mother Ocean, where is our outrage?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New oil wells are being considered along our coast while nuclear power plants hum along our shorelines vulnerable to Tsunami and earthquakes. Recent \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2011/04/24/toxic-algae-on-the-loose/\">die-offs of sardines\u003c/a> in southern California; emaciated and \u003ca href=\"http://articles.sfgate.com/2009-06-19/news/17210751_1_sea-lions-marine-mammal-center-young-sea\">sickly sea lions\u003c/a> along the coast, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2009/05/12/producers-notes-californias-lost-salmon/\">vanishing salmon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/san-mateo-county/ci_17913460?nclick_check=1\">stranded leopard sharks\u003c/a> in the San Francisco Bay are bellwethers reminding us that the ocean is sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean needs our help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a week of celebrating the Earth, it's time to celebrate our ocean with \u003ca href=\"http://worldoceansday.org/\">World Oceans Day\u003c/a>. This day had been unofficially celebrated every June 8 since its original proposal in 1992 by Canada at the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. It was officially recognized by the United Nations in 2008. Since then, WOD has been coordinated internationally by \u003ca href=\"http://www.theoceanproject.org/\">The Ocean Project \u003c/a>and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.worldoceannetwork.org/EN/page-AGIR_ENSEMBLE-Journ__e_Mondiale_de_l_Oc__an-5-20.htm\">World Ocean Network\u003c/a> with greater success and global participation each year. World Oceans Day is an opportunity every year to honor the world's ocean, to celebrate the all marine life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's time to motivate change and let our leaders know that marine life and ecosystem are worth protecting, and they need our protection now. This summer, celebrate World Oceans Day and tell our representatives we need a sea change. With our partners from The Ocean Project, \u003ca href=\"http://seastewards.org/news/event\">Sea Stewards\u003c/a> will be coordinating a World Ocean Day Celebration at Crissy Field in San Francisco on June 11. We will be celebrating all marine life, especially sharks, and motivate people to protect the ocean and ocean life we love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7699 -122.467174\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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