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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's Note\u003c/strong>: 10/24/12 - We are saddened to report that \u003ca href=\"http://www.otherlab.com/news/?p=435\">Corwin Hardam\u003c/a>, wind energy pioneer and CEO of Makani Power has \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/default/article/Corwin-Hardham-wind-power-pioneer-dies-3982587.php\">died unexpectedly at age 38\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/propeller300.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-24140\" title=\"propeller300\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/09/propeller300.jpg\" alt=\"propeller\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A dreamer stares up into the sky, watches the clouds slowly pass by and ponders what could be. From da Vinci to Newton to the Wright brothers to the little kid down the street, sometimes there’s a fine line between the day-dreamer and the visionary. And now a group of innovative thinkers are looking at those same passing clouds in a whole new way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking up at the jet stream, \u003ca href=\"http://dge.stanford.edu/labs/caldeiralab/\">Ken Caldeira\u003c/a>, a climate scientist from the Carnegie Institution of Global Ecology at Stanford University says, “We find that there’s more than 100 times the power necessary to power civilization in these high altitude winds.” 100 times the energy to power the world is going to get people's attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global need for clean energy is pushing scientists and engineers to search for new, untapped sources of energy. “To solve this problem we need a real revolution in our system of energy development,” continues Caldeira, “We need huge amounts of power, and the things that can provide huge amounts of power include fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas; nuclear power, solar power and wind.” The strongest and most consistent winds are found in the \u003ca href=\"http://squall.sfsu.edu/crws/jetstream.html\">jet stream\u003c/a> as high as 30,000 feet above the earth. But how do you harness the wind power from that high? Now the race is on to find the answer to that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may seem pie-in-the-sky, but over 20 companies around the world are now working to develop technology to tap the strong and consistent power of high altitude wind. One company we profiled here on QUEST, \u003ca href=\"http://www.makanipower.com/\">Makani Power\u003c/a> in Alameda, California, has received a $15 million grant from Google to build a wing concept that would autonomously fly in high circles, capturing energy with small turbines and sending the power down its tether. Other companies are exploring the use of kites, parachutes, balloons and other fanciful flying machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no shortage of skeptics and there are plenty of obstacles to hurdle before true high altitude wind energy can get off the ground. But still, it’s fun and interesting to stare up at the floating clouds and dare to dream.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/supercomputer3002.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>John Shalf of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab stands inside the Hopper supercomputer.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether its laptops or cell phones, computers are getting smaller for most of us. But for many scientists, they’re getting larger. Supercomputers have become a critical tool for analyzing complex problems like climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as supercomputers grow, so does their energy appetite. Researchers are trying to solve that problem by using a smaller, more pervasive technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supercomputers have improved at a break-neck speed, especially if you look back to the Cray-1. In 1976, this six-foot tall tower of wires was the most powerful supercomputer the world had ever seen. It was installed at Lawrence Livermore National Lab for fusion research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you needed an icon for a supercomputer, you would use the Cray-1,” says Dag Spicer, senior curator at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerhistory.org/\">Computer History Museum\u003c/a>, where the computer is spending its retirement. “It blew people’s minds. It was so powerful, so fast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, in today’s terms, “It’s roughly equivalent to a first generation iPhone from Apple,” says Spicer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/06/2011-06-27-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-future-of-supercomputers\">The Future of Supercomputers \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The reason we don’t play Angry Birds on a supercomputer today is thanks to something called \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1965-Moore.html\">Moore’s Law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Moore’s law is a predication made by Intel cofounder Gordon Moore in 1965 that the number of transistors – that is the little switches that make up a computer – the number of transistors incorporated in a chip will double approximately every 12 months,” says Spicer. Moore later amended that timeline to every 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What that means is computer chips have gotten smaller and faster at an incredible rate over the last 40 years. Which leads us to a supercomputer known as Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Today's Supercomputers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our new \u003ca href=\"http://www.nersc.gov/systems/hopper-cray-xe6/\">Cray XE6 supercomputing system\u003c/a>,” says John Shalf, a computer scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. We’re standing next to row after row of tall black computer towers inside a building in downtown Oakland. The sound of the computer’s massive cooling system is deafening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to keep it cold or it’ll melt. We’ll have a puddle of chips on the bottom of the floor,” says Shalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopper is the eighth largest supercomputer in the world. And right now, it’s chewing on some complicated problems. “Number one here is particle accelerator design. We have fusion energy and then we also have laser plasma inertial fusion simulation,” says Shalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Science has just really been revolutionized by the speed of computers,” says Kathy Yelick, associate director for computing sciences at Berkeley Lab. She says scientists use Hopper to simulate everything from black holes to climate models. There’s a special term to measure this supercomputer’s power: a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLOPS\">petaflop\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So how fast is that?” says Yelick. “Most people can do probably about one arithmetic operation per second if they’re pretty good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine asking a billion people on the planet to do one math problem per second. To get to Hopper’s speed, “we would need a million earths,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million earths, each with a billion mathematicians – that’s how fast Hopper is. But it won’t be long before a faster model comes along. “Every four years we get a system that’s about 10 times larger than one we put in three or four years earlier” says Yelick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Moore’s Law, those next generation supercomputers should be faster and more compact. But John Shalf says computer chips have hit a wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The End of Moore's Law?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is now we can’t make them go any faster. So we can cram more things on the chip, but if you make them go fast, it’s so hot they’ll melt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If chips themselves aren’t faster, supercomputers will simply have to add more and more of them to increase computing power. And that comes with a very big impact on the energy use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopper uses around 3 megawatts of electricity – about as much as 2000 homes. But future supercomputers? “Projections say that at the end of the decade, we’d be at 100 megawatts if we continue,” says Shalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough power for a small city, about the size of Novato. The electricity bill alone would be roughly 100 million dollars a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What that says is our current approach to doing supercomputing is dead end. And that we need to think of dramatically new ways to improve the efficiency of computing,” Shalf says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be done with some very familiar technology. Cell phones have computer chips inside them, but not the same chips as desktop computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch6>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/06/supercomputer-graph1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/h6>\n\u003ch6>\u003cspan class=\"center\">\u003cem>From Peter M. Kogge, \"ExaScale Computing Study: Technology Challenges in Achieving Exascale Systems,\" Sept. 28, 2008\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/h6>\n\u003cp>“For as long as they’ve existed, they’ve wanted a cell phone that would last longer, be less expensive,” says Shalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, chips in cell phones have had to be smaller and more energy efficient. So Shalf says, why not build a supercomputer with chips that combine millions of these simple cell phone processors, specially designed for scientific jobs? In other words, use cell phone technology to make the world’s most powerful computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re able to demonstrate an additional 80 times more energy efficiency than business as usual, and that gets us within striking distance of where we need to be to build a practical supercomputer,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a 100-megawatt supercomputer, it would be a three to ten megawatt computer. Whether or not it gets built depends on chipmakers like AMD and Intel, who would design the chips. But Shalf says a supercomputer with that power could make a big difference in climate change science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It enables policymakers to have the tools they need to make important decisions that have trillion dollar consequences. And that’s why you want to build a supercomputer that’s able to do this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley Lab hopes to use the supercomputer to better predict some of the trickier impacts of climate change – like changes in rainfall patterns, ice sheet melt and the effects of clouds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8077719 -122.2689661\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you needed an icon for a supercomputer, you would use the Cray-1,” says Dag Spicer, senior curator at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerhistory.org/\">Computer History Museum\u003c/a>, where the computer is spending its retirement. “It blew people’s minds. It was so powerful, so fast.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, in today’s terms, “It’s roughly equivalent to a first generation iPhone from Apple,” says Spicer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/06/2011-06-27-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/the-future-of-supercomputers\">The Future of Supercomputers \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The reason we don’t play Angry Birds on a supercomputer today is thanks to something called \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerhistory.org/semiconductor/timeline/1965-Moore.html\">Moore’s Law\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Moore’s law is a predication made by Intel cofounder Gordon Moore in 1965 that the number of transistors – that is the little switches that make up a computer – the number of transistors incorporated in a chip will double approximately every 12 months,” says Spicer. Moore later amended that timeline to every 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What that means is computer chips have gotten smaller and faster at an incredible rate over the last 40 years. Which leads us to a supercomputer known as Hopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Today's Supercomputers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is our new \u003ca href=\"http://www.nersc.gov/systems/hopper-cray-xe6/\">Cray XE6 supercomputing system\u003c/a>,” says John Shalf, a computer scientist at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. We’re standing next to row after row of tall black computer towers inside a building in downtown Oakland. The sound of the computer’s massive cooling system is deafening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to keep it cold or it’ll melt. We’ll have a puddle of chips on the bottom of the floor,” says Shalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hopper is the eighth largest supercomputer in the world. And right now, it’s chewing on some complicated problems. “Number one here is particle accelerator design. We have fusion energy and then we also have laser plasma inertial fusion simulation,” says Shalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Science has just really been revolutionized by the speed of computers,” says Kathy Yelick, associate director for computing sciences at Berkeley Lab. She says scientists use Hopper to simulate everything from black holes to climate models. There’s a special term to measure this supercomputer’s power: a \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FLOPS\">petaflop\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So how fast is that?” says Yelick. “Most people can do probably about one arithmetic operation per second if they’re pretty good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now imagine asking a billion people on the planet to do one math problem per second. To get to Hopper’s speed, “we would need a million earths,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A million earths, each with a billion mathematicians – that’s how fast Hopper is. 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"content": "\u003cp>Solar and wind power may get the headlines when it comes to renewable energy. But another type of clean power is heating up in the hills just north of Sonoma wine country. Geothermal power uses heat from deep inside the Earth to generate electricity. The Geysers, the world's largest power-producing geothermal field, has been providing electricity for roughly 850,000 Northern California households, and is set to expand even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Find out more about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/11/18/producers-notes-geothermal-heats-up/\" target=\"_blank\">geothermal energy and the video\u003c/a> with the Producer's Notes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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California, by the way, is the world leader in growing almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we've got more almond shells than anybody else. And you know, we know some companies that handle almond shells and they're always looking for somewhere to take them,\" says Summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/03/2011-03-28-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/how-green-is-biomass-energy\">How Green Is Biomass Energy?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But where some see a waste product, Summers sees an energy source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So this is the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westbiofuels.com/\" target=\"_blank\">West Biofuels\u003c/a> process,\" he says, pointing to a tower of industrial equipment that turns almond shells into electricity. 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So Summers and his team use pollution control technology to meet California's air quality standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, despite the emissions from biomass plants, many say there are big benefits to using waste as an energy source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Waste is pretty green,\" says Jim Boyd, a member of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/\">California Energy Commission\u003c/a>. \"There's enough material out there to make thousands of megawatts of electricity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"right\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/quest\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/biomasspile2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>Matt Summers of West Biofuels stands next to their fuel source.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of unused energy sources out there, Boyd says, like construction debris and orchard cuttings. Biomass energy also has one big advantage over other renewables - reliability. 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And you know, we know some companies that handle almond shells and they're always looking for somewhere to take them,\" says Summers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/03/2011-03-28-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/how-green-is-biomass-energy\">How Green Is Biomass Energy?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But where some see a waste product, Summers sees an energy source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So this is the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.westbiofuels.com/\" target=\"_blank\">West Biofuels\u003c/a> process,\" he says, pointing to a tower of industrial equipment that turns almond shells into electricity. 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It may unsettle many to discover that California, too, experienced a partial nuclear meltdown. \u003ca href=\"http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Sodium_Reactor_Experiment\">The accident\u003c/a>, which occurred in 1959, is claimed to have released more radiation than Three Mile Island. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rocketdynecleanupcoalition.org/resources/documents/#health\"> The severity of health impacts\u003c/a> from this incident on site workers, and to the surrounding community, is still being debated to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/03/2011-03-21-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/nuclears-future-in-the-us\">Nuclear's Future in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Don’t remember hearing about the accident? Not many do. Located in Ventura County, California, The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) was a testing site for rockets and nuclear work during the dawn of the Cold War. As such, there was an experimental attitude and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ssflpanel.org/files/SSFLPanelReport.pdf\">secrecy\u003c/a> associated with this site as these technologies were being developed. The events at SSFL essentially lay hidden from the public for twenty years. It wasn’t until scares from the Three Mile Island disaster in 1979 ignited UCLA and reporters to unearth the nuclear accident at SSFL that \u003ca href=\"http://www.committeetobridgethegap.org/sre/\">the public first learned\u003c/a> about the immensity of this meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) was the first U.S. commercial nuclear power plant, and as such, was subject to untested “glitches” in operation. On July 13th, 1959, power within the SRE reactor rose uncontrollably, nearly tripling in less than eight seconds. Radiation monitors went off scale. After a difficult shutdown and inability to find the cause of the problems, workers restarted the damaged reactor and ran it for two more weeks before discovering that 13 of 43 fuel rods had partially melted. Workers determined that a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/eRdC5I0Yn2k?version=3\">blockage from a contaminating fluid in the coolant system\u003c/a> caused the melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, this reactor was only 1/100 the size of the Three Mile Island reactor. However, it’s been reported to have released up to 240 times more radiation than the 1979 disaster. How can this be? The answer: the experimental reactor did not have a concrete containment structure. Thus, any radiation that escaped the venting system entered the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Department of Energy came out in 1989 with the statement that the SSFL site was still contaminated, community concern began to grow. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ehib.org/papers/37_Reynolds_1992_Cancer.pdf\">study showing increased levels of bladder cancer\u003c/a> nearby the site showed up. Then there was the follow up \u003ca href=\"http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:vHAjqH7wrIUJ:www.ssflpanel.org/files/panel_worker_chem.pdf+California+Dept+of+Health+bladder+cancer+ssfl&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESj9dzq8mTO1DrvlG6iBd1E8SaQnX73QV7wxpGbHaCNgU4ZVtHIlfl7vkkYDCh0ujFv6rLcpYmLeZfJwxY4tjolcv797jXfDOykyFMNnmSBru-nbRprLS479mzATKO6kfMPjQdt_&sig=AHIEtbSIC-XpIvTaUXaZJq5EyFkCybCU0A\">report by UCLA\u003c/a> that SRE plant workers who had been exposed to the highest levels of radiation had triple the amount of cancer death rates then those not exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the nuclear plant is gone, but years of work \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/04/local/la-me-0904-cleanup-20100904\">cleaning up the site\u003c/a> remain. In 2007, the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://www.committeetobridgethegap.org/pdf/dec6letterepassfl.pdf\">declared\u003c/a> SSFL a Superfund site. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcrw.com/news/programs/ww/ww090713las_own_nuclear_melt\">After numerous lawsuits\u003c/a> that ended with a large settlement to nearby residents, as well as community workshops and ongoing epidemiological studies, the jury is still out on just how much contamination from the SSFL site is attributable to the 1959 SRE accident. Because the types of radiation released can remain at dangerously high levels for centuries, the decisions made at Santa Susanna during the ’50s and ’60s may continue to affect residents for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/03/santasusana3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>The Santa Susana Field Laboratory.\u003c/em> \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Japan’s \u003ca href=\"http://youtu.be/bxzQPiy_U1M\">nuclear power crisis\u003c/a> has planted indelible memories worldwide and revived doubts about the health and safety of nuclear power. It may unsettle many to discover that California, too, experienced a partial nuclear meltdown. \u003ca href=\"http://www.absoluteastronomy.com/topics/Sodium_Reactor_Experiment\">The accident\u003c/a>, which occurred in 1959, is claimed to have released more radiation than Three Mile Island. \u003ca href=\"http://www.rocketdynecleanupcoalition.org/resources/documents/#health\"> The severity of health impacts\u003c/a> from this incident on site workers, and to the surrounding community, is still being debated to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/03/2011-03-21-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/nuclears-future-in-the-us\">Nuclear's Future in the U.S.\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Don’t remember hearing about the accident? Not many do. Located in Ventura County, California, The Santa Susana Field Laboratory (SSFL) was a testing site for rockets and nuclear work during the dawn of the Cold War. As such, there was an experimental attitude and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ssflpanel.org/files/SSFLPanelReport.pdf\">secrecy\u003c/a> associated with this site as these technologies were being developed. The events at SSFL essentially lay hidden from the public for twenty years. It wasn’t until scares from the Three Mile Island disaster in 1979 ignited UCLA and reporters to unearth the nuclear accident at SSFL that \u003ca href=\"http://www.committeetobridgethegap.org/sre/\">the public first learned\u003c/a> about the immensity of this meltdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sodium Reactor Experiment (SRE) was the first U.S. commercial nuclear power plant, and as such, was subject to untested “glitches” in operation. On July 13th, 1959, power within the SRE reactor rose uncontrollably, nearly tripling in less than eight seconds. Radiation monitors went off scale. After a difficult shutdown and inability to find the cause of the problems, workers restarted the damaged reactor and ran it for two more weeks before discovering that 13 of 43 fuel rods had partially melted. Workers determined that a \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/v/eRdC5I0Yn2k?version=3\">blockage from a contaminating fluid in the coolant system\u003c/a> caused the melting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, this reactor was only 1/100 the size of the Three Mile Island reactor. However, it’s been reported to have released up to 240 times more radiation than the 1979 disaster. How can this be? The answer: the experimental reactor did not have a concrete containment structure. Thus, any radiation that escaped the venting system entered the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Department of Energy came out in 1989 with the statement that the SSFL site was still contaminated, community concern began to grow. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.ehib.org/papers/37_Reynolds_1992_Cancer.pdf\">study showing increased levels of bladder cancer\u003c/a> nearby the site showed up. Then there was the follow up \u003ca href=\"http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:vHAjqH7wrIUJ:www.ssflpanel.org/files/panel_worker_chem.pdf+California+Dept+of+Health+bladder+cancer+ssfl&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESj9dzq8mTO1DrvlG6iBd1E8SaQnX73QV7wxpGbHaCNgU4ZVtHIlfl7vkkYDCh0ujFv6rLcpYmLeZfJwxY4tjolcv797jXfDOykyFMNnmSBru-nbRprLS479mzATKO6kfMPjQdt_&sig=AHIEtbSIC-XpIvTaUXaZJq5EyFkCybCU0A\">report by UCLA\u003c/a> that SRE plant workers who had been exposed to the highest levels of radiation had triple the amount of cancer death rates then those not exposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the nuclear plant is gone, but years of work \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/2010/sep/04/local/la-me-0904-cleanup-20100904\">cleaning up the site\u003c/a> remain. In 2007, the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://www.committeetobridgethegap.org/pdf/dec6letterepassfl.pdf\">declared\u003c/a> SSFL a Superfund site. \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcrw.com/news/programs/ww/ww090713las_own_nuclear_melt\">After numerous lawsuits\u003c/a> that ended with a large settlement to nearby residents, as well as community workshops and ongoing epidemiological studies, the jury is still out on just how much contamination from the SSFL site is attributable to the 1959 SRE accident. Because the types of radiation released can remain at dangerously high levels for centuries, the decisions made at Santa Susanna during the ’50s and ’60s may continue to affect residents for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.762611 -122.409719\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/02/house.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most energy efficient home is one that's already built. Keeping a home out of a landfill saves all the materials in the house, as well as all the energy used to create the materials—the building's embodied energy. And historic homes preserve a slice of culture that would otherwise be lost forever. And what's better than keeping one 100-year-old house out of the landfill? Keeping two 100-year-old houses out of the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tom White, publisher of \u003ca href=\"http://www.homeenergy.org\">Home Energy Magazine\u003c/a>, and his partner Dmitri Belser are both interested in historical preservation. When they heard of a house scheduled to be torn down on the University of California, Berkeley, campus that was being offered for $17 and the costs to move it, they decided to go for it. The Swiss-chalet-style house, located above Boalt Hall, was built in 1902 by Warren Cheney, a publisher and editor of \u003cem>The Overland Monthly\u003c/em> and a real estate developer of the Panoramic Hill area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Tom hadn't already earned his green building chops after almost 3 years as publisher of Home Energy, this house move would certainly do it. They own a plot of land on 62nd Street with plenty of room for a house. But there was already another 100-year old house on the plot that had to be moved first. It's a one-story 1870s Frontier Italianate style cottage. Are you getting the picture here? These guys are willing to back up their green convictions with money, sweat, and many days spent with pegged frustration meters. Did I mention the house they decided to move has two stories?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the plan:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Phase 1\u003c/strong>. Slice Cheney House in half. Lift second story. Move first story to rented space in Albany. Move the second story to Albany. (Note: The perpetual construction on Haste, telephone poles, parked cars, and other obstacles.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/PkB6U7_tur4\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"390\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Phase 2\u003c/strong>. Lift the cottage on 62nd Street. Move it back on the lot about 100 feet. Dismantle the brick foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Phase 3\u003c/strong>. Bring the second story of the Cheney house from lot in Albany to lot on 62nd Street. (Note: Perpetual Road construction on Sacramento, telephone poles, parked cars, and emergency vehicles trying to get by.) Lift it up. Move first story of Cheney house from Albany to 62nd Street and place it beneath second story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/uFmD-6BmbeI\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"390\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Phase 4\u003c/strong>. Build new foundations for both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we visited—at least once—every single department in the city of Berkeley in the last week before Phase 3,” says Tom. “The departments don't always communicate well. The police didn't know we were moving a house—half a house—and so there were still lots of parked cars blocking us along Alcatraz. But they had them cleared in no time. The whole trip from Albany to 62nd Street took about two hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first story of the Cheney house has yet to be moved to the 62nd Street plot. Still to do: Phase 4, and a long vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8686 -122.267\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-basement-bargains-on-home-efficiency\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/radio5-14_neighborhood_power3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Marco Sorani lives with his wife and two daughters in a single-story Mediterranean-style house near San Francisco's Lake Merced. While Sorani loves the place, he has some complaints about the way heat moves from one end of the house to the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the living room and the bedrooms, he says, “there can be as much as a 15-degree spread. If we’re watching TV late at night, we’ll be so ridiculously bundled up with blanket and sweatshirts that it’s almost comical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should Sorani decide to fix this problem -- by insulating his basement, for example, or buying new windows -- he’ll get help doing it from a new state program called Energy Upgrade California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/01/2011-01-10-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-basement-bargains-on-home-efficiency\">California's Basement Bargains on Home Efficiency\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The way it works is that utilities – in this case, Pacific Gas & Electric -- help pay the costs of insulating customers’ homes, using money collected from ratepayers monthly energy bills. If the Sorani family’s monthly energy bill drops 10 percent, they'll get a thousand dollar rebate. If it drops 40 percent, they’ll get four thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, the program is designed to give a boost to the state’s building industry, where unemployment rates can be twice as high as other industries. In order to participate, Sorani will have to work with a licensed contractor, one that's been trained specifically to work with Energy Upgrade California. The contractors apply for permits, and complete the paperwork necessary for taking advantage of various rebates and tax credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s basically the concept that most of us in California live in homes that aren’t well insulated,” says Dian Grueneich, an an appointee of former Governor Schwarzenegger to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/puc/\">California Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a>, which oversees PG&E and other utilities. She’s one of the people responsible for Energy Upgrade California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way we’re going to change that is this massive effort, of going into every home in the state, and improving them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project will be voluntary and, as you might expect, expensive. To reach the first 52 thousand homes, utilities throughout the state will spend $113 million, all of it collected from monthly utility bills. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act will provide another $160 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the program succeeds, Grueneich says the utilities -- and by extension, the rest of us -- all save money. “You add it up on a large scale like California, and what they don’t have to do is build power plants and transmission lines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, traditionally, building power plants and transmission lines is how utilities make money. From an environmental perspective, energy efficiency makes a lot of sense. But what's in it for the utilities?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three decades ago, California took a major success toward solving this problem, by designing a system known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.aceee.org/sector/state-policy/california\">decoupling\u003c/a>.” It’s now been replicated in several other states. The idea is that by restructuring the market, the system might incentivize efficiency, so that utilities make more money when they sell less energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last five years, efficiency has become a very expensive endeavor. In fact, some critics, such as Cheryl Cox, argue that it’s become much too expensive. Cox is a Policy Adviser with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dra.ca.gov/dra/\">Division of Ratepayer Advocates\u003c/a>, a group that's\u003ca href=\"http://www.dra.ca.gov/DRA/energy/sim10.htm\"> been critical\u003c/a> of the utility programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since 2006, when utilities began administering these efficiency programs, ratepayers have spent about 7 billion dollars – that will be through 2012.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes out to about $3 dollars a month, from almost every home in the state. Where has all this money gone? Well, perhaps the biggest chunk of has gone to pay for one, single technology: light bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2006 utilities have bought well over a hundred million CFL light bulbs, paid for out of our monthly energy bills. Those bulbs were given away for free or sold at steep discount at hardware stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program has been controversial. On the one hand, CFLs are an easy fix. They use a quarter of the electricity that incandescent bulbs do, and they’re quick to install.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, says Cheryl Cox, the light bulb program has a high degree of what’s called “free-ridership.” A lot of people would have bought the bulbs anyway, even without the subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to be looking at how we can value long-term savings,” says Cox, “not light bulbs that maybe last two years. We need to look at how we can \u003ca href=\"http://www.dra.ca.gov/DRA/energy/ee/Long-Term+Energy+Efficiency+Strategic+Plan.htm\">use those ratepayer dollars more cost-effectively\u003c/a> and more strategically.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enter Energy Upgrade California, which targets not specific gadgets, like light bulbs, but a person’s entire house. Compared to what the state has spent on light bulbs, energy upgrade California is still a small slice of the pie, says Cox, but it’s a start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grueneich agrees. “What’s amazing,” she says, “is that we didn’t all embark on this ten years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to energy efficiency, Californians have a lot to be proud of, says Devra Wang, of the Natural Resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/dwang/cpuc_awards_final_incentive_fo.html\">debate\u003c/a> is really over whether the programs are doing an amazing job, or just a very good job,” says Devra Wang, who directs the California Energy Program for the Natural resources Defense Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang says that despite bigger houses, more electronics, and more air conditioning, the average Californian \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenfeld_Effect\">uses as much electricity as we did 30 years ago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has kept its per-capita energy consumption flat over the last 30 years, while the rest of the country has increased about 50 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope, she says, is that Energy Upgrade California will help keep that strong track record in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>To participate in Energy Upgrade California, the first step is to get in touch with \u003ca href=\"http://cbpcapublicutilities.org/find-your-territory/participating-contractors/\">a participating contractor\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/myhome/saveenergymoney/energysavingprograms/euca.shtml\">Rebate amounts\u003c/a> depend on how much efficiency work you do.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>If you live outside of SMUD, PG&E or SoCalGas service areas, select your county from the pull-down list on the following page to learn about local equivalent energy upgrade programs. \u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.7634259 -122.4586312\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-basement-bargains-on-home-efficiency\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/radio5-14_neighborhood_power3001.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003c/em>\u003c/span>Marco Sorani lives with his wife and two daughters in a single-story Mediterranean-style house near San Francisco's Lake Merced. While Sorani loves the place, he has some complaints about the way heat moves from one end of the house to the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the living room and the bedrooms, he says, “there can be as much as a 15-degree spread. If we’re watching TV late at night, we’ll be so ridiculously bundled up with blanket and sweatshirts that it’s almost comical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should Sorani decide to fix this problem -- by insulating his basement, for example, or buying new windows -- he’ll get help doing it from a new state program called Energy Upgrade California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer config=\"QUEST Audio Player\" skin=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/themes/quest/glow.zip\" file=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2011/01/2011-01-10-quest.mp3\" ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the QUEST radio story \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-basement-bargains-on-home-efficiency\">California's Basement Bargains on Home Efficiency\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"border-bottom: 1px dotted #cecece;height: 20px;margin-bottom: 10px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The way it works is that utilities – in this case, Pacific Gas & Electric -- help pay the costs of insulating customers’ homes, using money collected from ratepayers monthly energy bills. If the Sorani family’s monthly energy bill drops 10 percent, they'll get a thousand dollar rebate. If it drops 40 percent, they’ll get four thousand dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, the program is designed to give a boost to the state’s building industry, where unemployment rates can be twice as high as other industries. In order to participate, Sorani will have to work with a licensed contractor, one that's been trained specifically to work with Energy Upgrade California. The contractors apply for permits, and complete the paperwork necessary for taking advantage of various rebates and tax credits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s basically the concept that most of us in California live in homes that aren’t well insulated,” says Dian Grueneich, an an appointee of former Governor Schwarzenegger to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/puc/\">California Public Utilities Commission\u003c/a>, which oversees PG&E and other utilities. She’s one of the people responsible for Energy Upgrade California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way we’re going to change that is this massive effort, of going into every home in the state, and improving them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project will be voluntary and, as you might expect, expensive. To reach the first 52 thousand homes, utilities throughout the state will spend $113 million, all of it collected from monthly utility bills. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act will provide another $160 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the program succeeds, Grueneich says the utilities -- and by extension, the rest of us -- all save money. “You add it up on a large scale like California, and what they don’t have to do is build power plants and transmission lines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, traditionally, building power plants and transmission lines is how utilities make money. From an environmental perspective, energy efficiency makes a lot of sense. But what's in it for the utilities?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three decades ago, California took a major success toward solving this problem, by designing a system known as “\u003ca href=\"http://www.aceee.org/sector/state-policy/california\">decoupling\u003c/a>.” It’s now been replicated in several other states. The idea is that by restructuring the market, the system might incentivize efficiency, so that utilities make more money when they sell less energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last five years, efficiency has become a very expensive endeavor. In fact, some critics, such as Cheryl Cox, argue that it’s become much too expensive. Cox is a Policy Adviser with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dra.ca.gov/dra/\">Division of Ratepayer Advocates\u003c/a>, a group that's\u003ca href=\"http://www.dra.ca.gov/DRA/energy/sim10.htm\"> been critical\u003c/a> of the utility programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since 2006, when utilities began administering these efficiency programs, ratepayers have spent about 7 billion dollars – that will be through 2012.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes out to about $3 dollars a month, from almost every home in the state. Where has all this money gone? Well, perhaps the biggest chunk of has gone to pay for one, single technology: light bulbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2006 utilities have bought well over a hundred million CFL light bulbs, paid for out of our monthly energy bills. Those bulbs were given away for free or sold at steep discount at hardware stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The program has been controversial. On the one hand, CFLs are an easy fix. 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"disqusTitle": "Five Environmental Resolutions for the New Year",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/farmersmarket1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Picking up local produce at the farmers’ market—that’s my kind of New Year’s resolution. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/mazarines/\">Mazarine\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I’m kind of a sucker for New Year’s resolutions. Every January, I make a list. (Sometimes, I don’t even wait for January—I just like the opportunity for improvement. And I like lists.) Here are my environmental resolutions for 2011. Some of you might think these a bit lazy, but as a person who has made a lot of unrealistic (and unrealized) resolutions over the years, I only want to share the resolutions I know I can keep!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Go on an energy diet\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA few years ago, I read an article in the New York Times in which the author tries to cut his annual CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions by half a ton—roughly five percent of his yearly carbon “weight.” He makes several easy changes, all of which he accomplishes in under 8 hours. For example, he turns down the thermostat, washes his clothes in cold water, asks retailers to stop sending him catalogs, and swaps out some incandescent bulbs for C.F.L.s. He overshoots his goal of half a ton of CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>, with minimal effort. This article has really stuck in my mind, because these changes are so easy to make. I’m going to revisit this article, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/05/garden/05green.html\">The Energy Diet\u003c/a>, and cut some carbon from my waistline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Track my energy usage—and respond accordingly\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPG&E just installed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/myhome/customerservice/smartmeter/howitworks/\">SmartMeter\u003c/a> at my home. Once it’s connected to the network (it will take a few months), I’ll be able to track my hourly energy usage. I want to do little experiments to figure out which of my appliances are energetically expensive. I’ll be able to see how much energy I save by turning off my computer at night, rather than putting it to sleep. I can swap out light bulbs and see if the savings are significant. I’m looking forward to doing nerdy energy experiments and seeing my energy usage drop! All PG&E customers should have a SmartMeter by mid-2012. To learn more about SmartMeters, check PG&E’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\">website\u003c/a>, and watch QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/climate-watch-unlocking-the-grid\">Climate Watch: Unlocking the Grid\u003c/a>. And for some of the controversy about SmartMeters, take a look at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/06/13/dumbfounded-by-smartmeters/\">this post\u003c/a> on the Climate Watch blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Eat local\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs food is transported across the country (or across the globe), CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> is emitted. These \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_miles\">food miles\u003c/a> can really rack up. This year, I want to buy more food from local farms at my \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/greengate/guides/markets.asp\">neighborhood farmers’ market\u003c/a>. I might even add a \u003ca href=\"http://www.localharvest.org/csa/\">Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)\u003c/a> box to the mix. This resolution has a few great by-products: supporting the local economy, spending fun mornings at the farmers’ market with friends, and eating many tasty meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Get more informed about the environment\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nI read the newspaper, and I peruse a handful of blogs; my favorites are \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/\">Climate Watch\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/\">Dot Earth\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/\">Green\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/\">treehugger\u003c/a>. But I can always read more! What are your favorite sources for environmental news and commentary?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Get outside\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis resolution has nothing to do with reducing my carbon footprint. I just want to breathe some fresh air and enjoy the outdoors. I’ll ride my bike, hike some new trails, and eat my lunch outside when it’s sunny. After all this work to preserve the environment—I might as well enjoy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"left\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2011/01/farmersmarket1.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003cem>Picking up local produce at the farmers’ market—that’s my kind of New Year’s resolution. Photo: \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/mazarines/\">Mazarine\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/span>I’m kind of a sucker for New Year’s resolutions. Every January, I make a list. (Sometimes, I don’t even wait for January—I just like the opportunity for improvement. And I like lists.) Here are my environmental resolutions for 2011. Some of you might think these a bit lazy, but as a person who has made a lot of unrealistic (and unrealized) resolutions over the years, I only want to share the resolutions I know I can keep!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Go on an energy diet\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA few years ago, I read an article in the New York Times in which the author tries to cut his annual CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> emissions by half a ton—roughly five percent of his yearly carbon “weight.” He makes several easy changes, all of which he accomplishes in under 8 hours. For example, he turns down the thermostat, washes his clothes in cold water, asks retailers to stop sending him catalogs, and swaps out some incandescent bulbs for C.F.L.s. He overshoots his goal of half a ton of CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>, with minimal effort. This article has really stuck in my mind, because these changes are so easy to make. I’m going to revisit this article, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/05/garden/05green.html\">The Energy Diet\u003c/a>, and cut some carbon from my waistline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Track my energy usage—and respond accordingly\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nPG&E just installed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/myhome/customerservice/smartmeter/howitworks/\">SmartMeter\u003c/a> at my home. Once it’s connected to the network (it will take a few months), I’ll be able to track my hourly energy usage. I want to do little experiments to figure out which of my appliances are energetically expensive. I’ll be able to see how much energy I save by turning off my computer at night, rather than putting it to sleep. I can swap out light bulbs and see if the savings are significant. I’m looking forward to doing nerdy energy experiments and seeing my energy usage drop! All PG&E customers should have a SmartMeter by mid-2012. To learn more about SmartMeters, check PG&E’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/smartmeter/\">website\u003c/a>, and watch QUEST’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/climate-watch-unlocking-the-grid\">Climate Watch: Unlocking the Grid\u003c/a>. And for some of the controversy about SmartMeters, take a look at \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/2010/06/13/dumbfounded-by-smartmeters/\">this post\u003c/a> on the Climate Watch blog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Eat local\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs food is transported across the country (or across the globe), CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> is emitted. These \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_miles\">food miles\u003c/a> can really rack up. This year, I want to buy more food from local farms at my \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrdc.org/greengate/guides/markets.asp\">neighborhood farmers’ market\u003c/a>. I might even add a \u003ca href=\"http://www.localharvest.org/csa/\">Community Supported Agriculture (CSA)\u003c/a> box to the mix. This resolution has a few great by-products: supporting the local economy, spending fun mornings at the farmers’ market with friends, and eating many tasty meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Get more informed about the environment\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nI read the newspaper, and I peruse a handful of blogs; my favorites are \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/climatewatch/\">Climate Watch\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/\">Dot Earth\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://green.blogs.nytimes.com/\">Green\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.treehugger.com/\">treehugger\u003c/a>. But I can always read more! What are your favorite sources for environmental news and commentary?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Get outside\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis resolution has nothing to do with reducing my carbon footprint. I just want to breathe some fresh air and enjoy the outdoors. I’ll ride my bike, hike some new trails, and eat my lunch outside when it’s sunny. After all this work to preserve the environment—I might as well enjoy it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>37.8793 -122.245\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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