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"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/united-states\">U.S.\u003c/a> took the unprecedented step Monday of dropping the number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/healthnews\">vaccines\u003c/a> it recommends for every child — cutting protection against a half-dozen diseases in a move slammed by the nation’s pediatricians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overhaul is effective immediately, meaning that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will now recommend vaccines against 11 diseases. What’s no longer broadly recommended is protection against \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/us-flu-cases-cdc-subclade-k-29cc5a68eb100585c8e0dbd2ec47b3eb\">flu\u003c/a>, rotavirus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, some forms of meningitis or RSV. Instead, protections against those diseases are only recommended for certain groups deemed high-risk, or if their doctors recommend them in what’s called “shared decision-making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials said the overhaul, a move long sought by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., won’t result in families who want the vaccines losing access to them, and said insurance will continue to pay. But medical experts said the move increases confusion for parents and could increase preventable diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change came after President Donald Trump in December \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/aligning-united-states-core-childhood-vaccine-recommendations-with-best-practices-from-peer-developed-countries/\">asked the U.S. Department of Health\u003c/a> and Human Services to review how peer nations approach vaccine recommendations and consider revising its guidance to align with theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HHS said its comparison to 20 peer nations found that the U.S. was an “outlier” in both the number of vaccinations and the number of doses it recommended to all children. Officials with the agency framed the change as a way to increase public trust by recommending only the most important vaccinations for children to receive.[aside postID=news_12068387 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/04/04242019_measles-vaccination-california-legislature-qut-1020x679.jpg']Among those left on the recommended-for-everyone list are measles, whooping cough, polio, tetanus, chickenpox and HPV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision protects children, respects families, and rebuilds trust in public health,” Kennedy said in a statement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts disagreed, saying the change without public discussion or a transparent review of the data would put children at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sean O’Leary of the American Academy of Pediatrics said countries carefully consider vaccine recommendations based on levels of disease in their populations and their health systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t just copy and paste public health and that’s what they seem to be doing here,” said O’Leary. “Literally children’s health and children’s lives are at stake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance also reduces the number of recommended vaccine doses against human papillomavirus from two or three shots to one for most children, depending on age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision was made without input from an advisory committee that typically consults on the vaccine schedule, said senior officials at HHS. The officials spoke on the condition of anonymity because they weren’t authorized to discuss the changes publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Abandoning recommendations for vaccines that prevent influenza, hepatitis and rotavirus, and changing the recommendation for HPV without a public process to weigh the risks and benefits, will lead to more hospitalizations and preventable deaths among American children,” said Michael Osterholm of the Vaccine Integrity Project, based at the University of Minnesota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Medical experts are slamming the Trump administration's move, saying it could lead to reduced uptake of important vaccinations and increase disease.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/united-states\">U.S.\u003c/a> took the unprecedented step Monday of dropping the number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/healthnews\">vaccines\u003c/a> it recommends for every child — cutting protection against a half-dozen diseases in a move slammed by the nation’s pediatricians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overhaul is effective immediately, meaning that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention will now recommend vaccines against 11 diseases. What’s no longer broadly recommended is protection against \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/us-flu-cases-cdc-subclade-k-29cc5a68eb100585c8e0dbd2ec47b3eb\">flu\u003c/a>, rotavirus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, some forms of meningitis or RSV. Instead, protections against those diseases are only recommended for certain groups deemed high-risk, or if their doctors recommend them in what’s called “shared decision-making.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials said the overhaul, a move long sought by Health Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr., won’t result in families who want the vaccines losing access to them, and said insurance will continue to pay. But medical experts said the move increases confusion for parents and could increase preventable diseases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change came after President Donald Trump in December \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/12/aligning-united-states-core-childhood-vaccine-recommendations-with-best-practices-from-peer-developed-countries/\">asked the U.S. Department of Health\u003c/a> and Human Services to review how peer nations approach vaccine recommendations and consider revising its guidance to align with theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HHS said its comparison to 20 peer nations found that the U.S. was an “outlier” in both the number of vaccinations and the number of doses it recommended to all children. Officials with the agency framed the change as a way to increase public trust by recommending only the most important vaccinations for children to receive.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Among those left on the recommended-for-everyone list are measles, whooping cough, polio, tetanus, chickenpox and HPV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This decision protects children, respects families, and rebuilds trust in public health,” Kennedy said in a statement Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts disagreed, saying the change without public discussion or a transparent review of the data would put children at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Sean O’Leary of the American Academy of Pediatrics said countries carefully consider vaccine recommendations based on levels of disease in their populations and their health systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t just copy and paste public health and that’s what they seem to be doing here,” said O’Leary. “Literally children’s health and children’s lives are at stake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance also reduces the number of recommended vaccine doses against human papillomavirus from two or three shots to one for most children, depending on age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision was made without input from an advisory committee that typically consults on the vaccine schedule, said senior officials at HHS. The officials spoke on the condition of anonymity because they weren’t authorized to discuss the changes publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Abandoning recommendations for vaccines that prevent influenza, hepatitis and rotavirus, and changing the recommendation for HPV without a public process to weigh the risks and benefits, will lead to more hospitalizations and preventable deaths among American children,” said Michael Osterholm of the Vaccine Integrity Project, based at the University of Minnesota.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "whats-in-your-tequila-california-lawsuit-claims-some-labels-mislead-consumers",
"title": "What’s In Your Tequila? California Lawsuit Claims Some Labels Misled Consumers",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tequila has become the darling of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/category/california\">California’s\u003c/a> cocktail culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/issue/brand-champions-2024/\">According to industry data\u003c/a>, more than 50 million cases of tequila were sold in the United States in 2023, a 7.6% increase from the previous year. And California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2023/04/tequila-sales-grew-by-17-in-california/\">the biggest market for the spirit\u003c/a> produced from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.academiapatron.com/making-tequila/agave-growth-and-harvesting/planting-selection-harvesting\">blue Weber agave\u003c/a> plant grown exclusively in a handful of states in Mexico — a demand \u003ca href=\"https://just-drinks.nridigital.com/just_drinks_magazine_nov22/tequila_us_market_forecast\">boosted by the state’s sizable Latino population\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handle of tequila can range up to $100 and beyond, depending on the brand, with many premium labels promoting that their liquor is made up of “100% agave.” This kind of tequila usually costs more because it “takes more agave to make,” said Mike Morales, Los Angeles-based executive editor and tasting director of the industry magazine \u003cem>Tequila Aficionado\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big status symbol.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a series of legal battles has begun this summer that could shake up the entire industry — one of them in the very state that has embraced tequila the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/Diageo-Class-Action-072025-1.pdf\">A San Francisco resident\u003c/a> has filed a class action suit in federal court against spirits giant Diageo — parent company of well-known tequila brands Don Julio and Casamigos — alleging the company intentionally misled consumers about the agave content in its tequila products labeled “100% agave” in order to profit from this deception.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘An earthquake in the industry’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The class action — filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California — claims to represent anyone “who purchased Diageo Premium Tequila Products” with the goal of recovering “financial losses sustained by consumers who were misled by [Diageo’s] false and misleading advertising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is actually the third lawsuit that Diageo faces from consumers regarding the agave content in their Don Julio and Casamigos brands, with one class action filed by consumers in New York in May and another in Florida shortly after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053055\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Moose” arranges bottles along the towering tequila wall inside San Francisco Tequila Shop in Bernal Heights on Aug. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Out of all three states where Diageo is being sued, California has some of the strongest consumer protection laws — and the beverage company has recently requested that this particular lawsuit be moved to the same New York court overseeing the first case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs joining the San Francisco resident in the lawsuit are represented by Baron & Budd and Hagens Berman, two consumer rights firms with extensive records of \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Business/ny-man-sues-volkswagen-emissions-scandal-reason-bought/story?id=33951902\">wrestling with major corporations in court\u003c/a>. Neither firm returned KQED’s requests for an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Diageo told KQED that “claims of adulteration are outrageous and categorically false,” and that the company will defend the quality and integrity of its tequilas in court “and against anyone who is spreading misinformation and lies about our products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for both Diageo and the California plaintiffs will meet in San Francisco’s courthouse on Oct. 3. Regardless of what the courts decide, said David Suro Piñera, a Philadelphia-based tequila entrepreneur and historian, the lawsuits “are an earthquake in the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why \u003cem>is \u003c/em>the agave content inside a tequila bottle so crucial when it comes to selling this liquor that’s only becoming more popular? And what does this lawsuit say about how U.S. consumers shape an industry that started thousands of miles away in Mexico?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Evolution in the public eye\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Covered floor to ceiling with colorful and intricately decorated bottles, the San Francisco Tequila Shop on the steep streets of Bernal Heights is an oasis for lovers of spirits derived from the agave plant. It was here in the backroom one August afternoon that owner Moose Malhi hosted Suro Piñera for a tasting event featuring some blanco, some reposado and plenty of conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suro Piñera told the assembled tequila enthusiasts about how, back in 1986, he opened a restaurant called Tequilas in downtown Philadelphia with the goal of bringing high-end Mexican cuisine to that city. But other local restaurateurs were confused about the name, he said.[aside postID=news_11999014 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/240628-Junk-Fees-Law-MD-02_qed-1020x680.jpg']“They would hear ‘tequila’ and imagine something else — not high quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the following decades, the way American consumers think about this liquor has changed significantly, Suro Piñera said. “To see right now the passion, the commitment, the interest in tequila, is a dream come true,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families have been producing tequila primarily in the Mexican state of Jalisco for centuries, blending European distillation techniques with Indigenous agricultural knowledge. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.crt.org.mx/en/about-us/\">Tequila Regulatory Council\u003c/a> is the independent body that establishes the rules for the industry, which includes where tequila can be produced, who can sell it and \u003ca href=\"https://www.crt.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NOM-006-SCFI-2012%20-%20INGLES.pdf\">defining what goes into it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anything marked as “tequila” must include at least 51% alcohol derived from blue agave. The other 49% \u003cem>can \u003c/em>come from other sources, like caña (sugar cane) or grain alcohol, which are typically cheaper. This type of tequila, that’s a mixture of alcohols from different sources, is called “mixto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Diageo lawsuit said that 100% agave “is a powerful marketing tool that shapes consumer expectations” and then accuses the company of tricking consumers into buying tequila that actually has “cheaper, non-agave alcohol.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mislabeling their tequila products is a violation of consumer protection law, the lawsuit claims. “For dominant players like Diageo, this is not just deceptive — it is a calculated, strategic misuse of market power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A pleasant burn’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Regulatory details aside, how does being 100% agave affect the way your tequila actually tastes? If you rarely drink tequila because of its strong flavor, don’t expect 100% agave tequila to be any easier on you, the San Francisco Tequila Shop’s Malhi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People drink tequila that’s been sweetened by additives, and they think it’s smooth,” he said. “If all you drink is tequila that’s been sweetened, and then you try something with no additives, that’s such a big jump.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053056\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053056\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view inside San Francisco Tequila Shop in Bernal Heights on Aug. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A good tequila is going to give you a pleasant burn,” said Marcos Higareda, a tequila entrepreneur based out of Riverside County. “This comes from the ground. The soil nurtured that agave for the last seven, eight years. Then it went through a process to convert it into tequila.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also a lot of variation between the distilleries that provide tequila labels with their product. Some are run by the same families that first opened them decades ago, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/05/06/nx-s1-5188663/author-ted-genoways-new-book-tequila-wars\">long-held distillation traditions becoming industry secrets\u003c/a>. And while some of these factors are dependent on humans, others — like rain and drought — are ultimately out of our control, Higareda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with 100% agave tequila, it’s normal for there to be slight variations in color, taste or aroma in the same batch. “Not all tequilas are going to be the same,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Agave under strain\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.crt.org.mx/en/2025/03/27/2025-begins-with-an-increase-in-tequila-exports/\">world’s thirst for tequila grows\u003c/a>, Higareda said that big brands are responding with a product that seeks to smell, taste and look the same regardless of where you go. One way to do that: adding sweeteners and colorants to achieve this uniformity, as permitted by the Tequila Regulatory Council’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.crt.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NOM-006-SCFI-2012%20-%20INGLES.pdf\">rulebook for tequila production, \u003c/a>also known as the “Normas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want to go to the shelf and you want to see that your product has the same consistent color every single time and the same flavor every single time,” a Jose Cuervo executive \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkell/2025/03/24/jose-cuervo-says-the-additive-free--movement-is-damaging-to-tequila/\">recently told Forbes Magazine\u003c/a>.[aside postID=news_12054153 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/BrownEggsGetty.jpg']And globalization is being felt all the way through the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time that Morales of \u003cem>Tequila Aficionado\u003c/em> visited Jalisco, almost two decades ago, he remembers how bright the fields of agave were in the sunlight: “I had to look at them with my sunglasses on because they were so blue and bright against the red soil,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On recent trips, however, he’s seen: “it’s not like that anymore,” he said. “The plants aren’t big enough. They don’t let them grow long enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, the tequila industry has followed \u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/be3f48a5-d5d7-40af-a9e7-3ebff98741b3\">a cycle of boom and bust\u003c/a>. When the price of tequila goes up, growers rush to grow and harvest agave as fast as possible, and when the price goes down, “everybody leaves their plants to rot,” Morales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry data shows that U.S. tequila sales \u003ca href=\"https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/issue/brand-champions-2024/\">are growing faster\u003c/a> than vodka, whisky and all other spirits combined — and the giants of the beverage industry have noticed this surge. In the past decade, multinational corporations have snatched up some of the most famous tequila brands: London-based Diageo bought Don Julio in 2015 and then Casamigos in 2017; Sauza was taken over by Suntory, a Japanese company, in 2014; and rum giant Bacardi purchased Patrón in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These brands are well-funded and want a return on their investment,” Morales said. That could mean depending more on non-agave sources for alcohol content, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any tequila that’s being mass-marketed and charging a lot of money is probably lawyering up,” Morales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What now for the industry — and in court?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Back at the San Francisco Tequila Shop, after Suro Piñera’s tasting event, Malhi rang up his customers — and pointed to a photo behind the register of his grandfather, Nirmal Singh Malhi, standing next to family friend Ernie Sánchez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1993, Malhi’s family opened a liquor store in Modesto, next to the Sánchez family. Over the years, they all developed a strong bond and learned about each other’s culture: the Sánchezes hailing from Jalisco, Mexico and the Malhi from Punjab, India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053054\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053054\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amandip Singh Malhi, known as “Moose,” proprietor of San Francisco Tequila Shop, stands in the back of his Bernal Heights store on Aug. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Sánchez family would frequently travel to Jalisco and bring back tequila brands that weren’t available in the U.S. yet. It was the Sánchez family that taught him, Malhi said, “that in each bottle, there’s a lot of tears, sweat and hard work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you really understand all the work and tradition that goes into making a quality spirit … that’s when you will appreciate more of what you taste when you drink tequila,” Malhi said. And he — like so many who’ve made tequila their lives — will be paying close attention to the case against Diageo as it unfolds at San Francisco’s federal courthouse, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What most likely will decide the outcome of this legal battle is the evidence that each camp presents, said Deborah Hensler, professor of dispute resolution at Stanford Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The verdict could also hinge on emerging technology. The defendants include data from two types of chemical tests — nuclear magnetic resonance and isotope testing — designed to measure the composition of alcohol derived from tequila. According to several industry experts that KQED spoke to for this story, these tests are fairly new in the world of tequila and have not yet been universally adopted by tequila producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The defendant would have to bring in their \u003cem>own \u003c/em>experts that counter [this data],” Hensler said — so that the judge can adequately consider whether the plaintiff’s evidence is credible and scientifically valid.[aside postID=news_12047129 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/55950722_qed.jpg']If the case stays in California — and is not transferred to New York as Diageo has requested — the Golden State’s robust consumer protection laws could also come into play. The lawsuit claims the beverage company is in violation of the state’s Consumer Legal Remedies Act, which prohibits companies from misrepresenting the source of the goods they are selling, said Ted Mermin, consumer law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t advertise something if you know — or should know — that what you are saying isn’t true,” he said. “You do not need a law that’s called ‘the tequila purity law.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And say the court finds that Diageo \u003cem>did \u003c/em>mislead consumers about the agave content in its products? It would be the smaller players in the supply chain that pay the consequences, Suro Piñera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, farmworkers and environmental activists \u003ca href=\"https://elpais.com/mexico/2023-07-13/la-sobreproduccion-de-agave-en-mexico-genera-una-alerta-climatica.html\">have warned that greater demand for agave\u003c/a> could have \u003ca href=\"https://daily.sevenfifty.com/americans-love-of-tequila-and-beer-is-deepening-mexicos-water-crisis/\">serious long-term consequences on the drinking water\u003c/a> and agricultural land used by the very families that make this liquor possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this [spirits] category collapses and the external corporate interests just go to the next country — the next trending liquor — they’ll be leaving us with a damaged ecosystem and greater inequality,” he said. “It’s a cultural and ecological expropriation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with that, Suro Piñera added, wiping away “the reputation and recognition that we have worked so hard to build.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "What does \"100% agave\" tequila mean? A new California lawsuit could reveal industry secrets with consequences on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border.",
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"title": "What’s In Your Tequila? California Lawsuit Claims Some Labels Misled Consumers | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tequila has become the darling of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/category/california\">California’s\u003c/a> cocktail culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/issue/brand-champions-2024/\">According to industry data\u003c/a>, more than 50 million cases of tequila were sold in the United States in 2023, a 7.6% increase from the previous year. And California is \u003ca href=\"https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/2023/04/tequila-sales-grew-by-17-in-california/\">the biggest market for the spirit\u003c/a> produced from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.academiapatron.com/making-tequila/agave-growth-and-harvesting/planting-selection-harvesting\">blue Weber agave\u003c/a> plant grown exclusively in a handful of states in Mexico — a demand \u003ca href=\"https://just-drinks.nridigital.com/just_drinks_magazine_nov22/tequila_us_market_forecast\">boosted by the state’s sizable Latino population\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handle of tequila can range up to $100 and beyond, depending on the brand, with many premium labels promoting that their liquor is made up of “100% agave.” This kind of tequila usually costs more because it “takes more agave to make,” said Mike Morales, Los Angeles-based executive editor and tasting director of the industry magazine \u003cem>Tequila Aficionado\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big status symbol.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a series of legal battles has begun this summer that could shake up the entire industry — one of them in the very state that has embraced tequila the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/09/Diageo-Class-Action-072025-1.pdf\">A San Francisco resident\u003c/a> has filed a class action suit in federal court against spirits giant Diageo — parent company of well-known tequila brands Don Julio and Casamigos — alleging the company intentionally misled consumers about the agave content in its tequila products labeled “100% agave” in order to profit from this deception.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘An earthquake in the industry’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The class action — filed in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California — claims to represent anyone “who purchased Diageo Premium Tequila Products” with the goal of recovering “financial losses sustained by consumers who were misled by [Diageo’s] false and misleading advertising.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is actually the third lawsuit that Diageo faces from consumers regarding the agave content in their Don Julio and Casamigos brands, with one class action filed by consumers in New York in May and another in Florida shortly after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053055\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053055\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-9-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Moose” arranges bottles along the towering tequila wall inside San Francisco Tequila Shop in Bernal Heights on Aug. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Out of all three states where Diageo is being sued, California has some of the strongest consumer protection laws — and the beverage company has recently requested that this particular lawsuit be moved to the same New York court overseeing the first case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs joining the San Francisco resident in the lawsuit are represented by Baron & Budd and Hagens Berman, two consumer rights firms with extensive records of \u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Business/ny-man-sues-volkswagen-emissions-scandal-reason-bought/story?id=33951902\">wrestling with major corporations in court\u003c/a>. Neither firm returned KQED’s requests for an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Diageo told KQED that “claims of adulteration are outrageous and categorically false,” and that the company will defend the quality and integrity of its tequilas in court “and against anyone who is spreading misinformation and lies about our products.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for both Diageo and the California plaintiffs will meet in San Francisco’s courthouse on Oct. 3. Regardless of what the courts decide, said David Suro Piñera, a Philadelphia-based tequila entrepreneur and historian, the lawsuits “are an earthquake in the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why \u003cem>is \u003c/em>the agave content inside a tequila bottle so crucial when it comes to selling this liquor that’s only becoming more popular? And what does this lawsuit say about how U.S. consumers shape an industry that started thousands of miles away in Mexico?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Evolution in the public eye\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Covered floor to ceiling with colorful and intricately decorated bottles, the San Francisco Tequila Shop on the steep streets of Bernal Heights is an oasis for lovers of spirits derived from the agave plant. It was here in the backroom one August afternoon that owner Moose Malhi hosted Suro Piñera for a tasting event featuring some blanco, some reposado and plenty of conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suro Piñera told the assembled tequila enthusiasts about how, back in 1986, he opened a restaurant called Tequilas in downtown Philadelphia with the goal of bringing high-end Mexican cuisine to that city. But other local restaurateurs were confused about the name, he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“They would hear ‘tequila’ and imagine something else — not high quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the following decades, the way American consumers think about this liquor has changed significantly, Suro Piñera said. “To see right now the passion, the commitment, the interest in tequila, is a dream come true,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Families have been producing tequila primarily in the Mexican state of Jalisco for centuries, blending European distillation techniques with Indigenous agricultural knowledge. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.crt.org.mx/en/about-us/\">Tequila Regulatory Council\u003c/a> is the independent body that establishes the rules for the industry, which includes where tequila can be produced, who can sell it and \u003ca href=\"https://www.crt.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NOM-006-SCFI-2012%20-%20INGLES.pdf\">defining what goes into it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anything marked as “tequila” must include at least 51% alcohol derived from blue agave. The other 49% \u003cem>can \u003c/em>come from other sources, like caña (sugar cane) or grain alcohol, which are typically cheaper. This type of tequila, that’s a mixture of alcohols from different sources, is called “mixto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Diageo lawsuit said that 100% agave “is a powerful marketing tool that shapes consumer expectations” and then accuses the company of tricking consumers into buying tequila that actually has “cheaper, non-agave alcohol.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mislabeling their tequila products is a violation of consumer protection law, the lawsuit claims. “For dominant players like Diageo, this is not just deceptive — it is a calculated, strategic misuse of market power.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘A pleasant burn’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Regulatory details aside, how does being 100% agave affect the way your tequila actually tastes? If you rarely drink tequila because of its strong flavor, don’t expect 100% agave tequila to be any easier on you, the San Francisco Tequila Shop’s Malhi said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People drink tequila that’s been sweetened by additives, and they think it’s smooth,” he said. “If all you drink is tequila that’s been sweetened, and then you try something with no additives, that’s such a big jump.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053056\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053056\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-13-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view inside San Francisco Tequila Shop in Bernal Heights on Aug. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A good tequila is going to give you a pleasant burn,” said Marcos Higareda, a tequila entrepreneur based out of Riverside County. “This comes from the ground. The soil nurtured that agave for the last seven, eight years. Then it went through a process to convert it into tequila.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also a lot of variation between the distilleries that provide tequila labels with their product. Some are run by the same families that first opened them decades ago, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/05/06/nx-s1-5188663/author-ted-genoways-new-book-tequila-wars\">long-held distillation traditions becoming industry secrets\u003c/a>. And while some of these factors are dependent on humans, others — like rain and drought — are ultimately out of our control, Higareda said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with 100% agave tequila, it’s normal for there to be slight variations in color, taste or aroma in the same batch. “Not all tequilas are going to be the same,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Agave under strain\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>But as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.crt.org.mx/en/2025/03/27/2025-begins-with-an-increase-in-tequila-exports/\">world’s thirst for tequila grows\u003c/a>, Higareda said that big brands are responding with a product that seeks to smell, taste and look the same regardless of where you go. One way to do that: adding sweeteners and colorants to achieve this uniformity, as permitted by the Tequila Regulatory Council’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.crt.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/NOM-006-SCFI-2012%20-%20INGLES.pdf\">rulebook for tequila production, \u003c/a>also known as the “Normas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want to go to the shelf and you want to see that your product has the same consistent color every single time and the same flavor every single time,” a Jose Cuervo executive \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/johnkell/2025/03/24/jose-cuervo-says-the-additive-free--movement-is-damaging-to-tequila/\">recently told Forbes Magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And globalization is being felt all the way through the supply chain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first time that Morales of \u003cem>Tequila Aficionado\u003c/em> visited Jalisco, almost two decades ago, he remembers how bright the fields of agave were in the sunlight: “I had to look at them with my sunglasses on because they were so blue and bright against the red soil,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On recent trips, however, he’s seen: “it’s not like that anymore,” he said. “The plants aren’t big enough. They don’t let them grow long enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, the tequila industry has followed \u003ca href=\"https://www.ft.com/content/be3f48a5-d5d7-40af-a9e7-3ebff98741b3\">a cycle of boom and bust\u003c/a>. When the price of tequila goes up, growers rush to grow and harvest agave as fast as possible, and when the price goes down, “everybody leaves their plants to rot,” Morales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry data shows that U.S. tequila sales \u003ca href=\"https://www.thespiritsbusiness.com/issue/brand-champions-2024/\">are growing faster\u003c/a> than vodka, whisky and all other spirits combined — and the giants of the beverage industry have noticed this surge. In the past decade, multinational corporations have snatched up some of the most famous tequila brands: London-based Diageo bought Don Julio in 2015 and then Casamigos in 2017; Sauza was taken over by Suntory, a Japanese company, in 2014; and rum giant Bacardi purchased Patrón in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These brands are well-funded and want a return on their investment,” Morales said. That could mean depending more on non-agave sources for alcohol content, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any tequila that’s being mass-marketed and charging a lot of money is probably lawyering up,” Morales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What now for the industry — and in court?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Back at the San Francisco Tequila Shop, after Suro Piñera’s tasting event, Malhi rang up his customers — and pointed to a photo behind the register of his grandfather, Nirmal Singh Malhi, standing next to family friend Ernie Sánchez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1993, Malhi’s family opened a liquor store in Modesto, next to the Sánchez family. Over the years, they all developed a strong bond and learned about each other’s culture: the Sánchezes hailing from Jalisco, Mexico and the Malhi from Punjab, India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12053054\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12053054\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/08/250819_TEQUILA101_GH-5-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amandip Singh Malhi, known as “Moose,” proprietor of San Francisco Tequila Shop, stands in the back of his Bernal Heights store on Aug. 19, 2025. \u003ccite>(Gustavo Hernandez/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Sánchez family would frequently travel to Jalisco and bring back tequila brands that weren’t available in the U.S. yet. It was the Sánchez family that taught him, Malhi said, “that in each bottle, there’s a lot of tears, sweat and hard work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you really understand all the work and tradition that goes into making a quality spirit … that’s when you will appreciate more of what you taste when you drink tequila,” Malhi said. And he — like so many who’ve made tequila their lives — will be paying close attention to the case against Diageo as it unfolds at San Francisco’s federal courthouse, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What most likely will decide the outcome of this legal battle is the evidence that each camp presents, said Deborah Hensler, professor of dispute resolution at Stanford Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The verdict could also hinge on emerging technology. The defendants include data from two types of chemical tests — nuclear magnetic resonance and isotope testing — designed to measure the composition of alcohol derived from tequila. According to several industry experts that KQED spoke to for this story, these tests are fairly new in the world of tequila and have not yet been universally adopted by tequila producers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The defendant would have to bring in their \u003cem>own \u003c/em>experts that counter [this data],” Hensler said — so that the judge can adequately consider whether the plaintiff’s evidence is credible and scientifically valid.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If the case stays in California — and is not transferred to New York as Diageo has requested — the Golden State’s robust consumer protection laws could also come into play. The lawsuit claims the beverage company is in violation of the state’s Consumer Legal Remedies Act, which prohibits companies from misrepresenting the source of the goods they are selling, said Ted Mermin, consumer law professor at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t advertise something if you know — or should know — that what you are saying isn’t true,” he said. “You do not need a law that’s called ‘the tequila purity law.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And say the court finds that Diageo \u003cem>did \u003c/em>mislead consumers about the agave content in its products? It would be the smaller players in the supply chain that pay the consequences, Suro Piñera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, farmworkers and environmental activists \u003ca href=\"https://elpais.com/mexico/2023-07-13/la-sobreproduccion-de-agave-en-mexico-genera-una-alerta-climatica.html\">have warned that greater demand for agave\u003c/a> could have \u003ca href=\"https://daily.sevenfifty.com/americans-love-of-tequila-and-beer-is-deepening-mexicos-water-crisis/\">serious long-term consequences on the drinking water\u003c/a> and agricultural land used by the very families that make this liquor possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this [spirits] category collapses and the external corporate interests just go to the next country — the next trending liquor — they’ll be leaving us with a damaged ecosystem and greater inequality,” he said. “It’s a cultural and ecological expropriation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And with that, Suro Piñera added, wiping away “the reputation and recognition that we have worked so hard to build.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Amid reports that President Trump’s newly formed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/02/04/nx-s1-5286314/department-of-government-efficiency-doge-explainer-elon-musk\">Department of Government Efficiency\u003c/a> appears ready to target key weather and climate change resources housed under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Bay Area Democrats are ringing alarm bells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The elected officials, along with local agriculture and public safety leaders, say that slashing NOAA programs and privatizing some of its operations — part of the controversial Project 2025 playbook — would uproot industries and cost lives as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1995420/climate-scientists-warn-of-growing-whiplash-effect-on-weather-patterns\">effects of human-caused climate change\u003c/a> grow more severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Bay Rep. Zoe Lofgren said that DOGE chief Elon Musk and other employees visited NOAA offices Tuesday, and staffers have said they searched through IT databases for information related to diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives that Trump has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025581/trump-is-weighing-big-cuts-to-the-u-s-education-department\"> targeted for elimination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elon Musk and his DOGE hackers are ransacking their way through the federal government, unlawfully gaining unfettered access to Americans’ private information and gutting programs people depend on,” Lofgren said in a joint statement with North Bay Rep. Jared Huffman. Both are ranking members of House environmental committees. “Now they have reached NOAA where they’re wreaking havoc on the scientific and regulatory systems that protect American families’ safety and jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/AP110824023292-scaled-e1738975599366.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026305\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/AP110824023292-scaled-e1738975599366.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1134\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storm surge specialist studies a computer at the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2011. The agency is a division of the United States’ NOAA and National Weather Service. (AP Photo/J Pat Carter)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The action at NOAA’s headquarters re-upped fears over a plan to significantly dismantle the department and get rid of the National Weather Service in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11998288/what-is-project-2025-donald-trump-heritage-foundation-director-steps-down\">Project 2025\u003c/a>, the 900-page conservative policy document aiming to reshape the federal government that was published ahead of last year’s election. Trump has tried to distance himself from the plan, but in his first few weeks in office, he’s already implemented some of its initiatives, and Russell Vought, considered one of its architects, was confirmed Thursday as his director of the Office of Management and Budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Project 2025 calls for eliminating many of NOAA’s functions and outsourcing others to states and the private sector. The document suggested that the agency drives climate change alarm and said its related research should be disbanded, calling it “harmful to future U.S. prosperity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental experts and Democratic elected officials worry that its dismantling is what could be harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Privatizing this, basically eliminating it, would put Americans in danger,” Lofgren told KQED. “The Republicans are saying that climate change doesn’t exist, which is ridiculous, but the weather service tells us who’s in harm’s way. Ripping the rug out from under the program would prevent Americans from getting lifesaving information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Matters of life and death’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the year, the NWS has issued red flag warnings and fire weather planning forecasts that helped prepare Southern California ahead of — and during — the devastating Palisades and Eaton fires. It tracked flooding in Sonoma County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025777/north-bay-rivers-flood-after-storm-little-time-prepare-next-round-rain\">prompting evacuations\u003c/a> of low-lying areas that were underwater when the Russian River rose during recent storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain criticized the idea of cutting NOAA funding even before these events in one of his \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3GRgeNJoNo&t=3642s\">YouTube office hours\u003c/a> last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12026048 hero=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/04/gettyimages-1239964184-8607e24e542b289e57840cc9b8de8eb18fc6afcf.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2024, “the weather service has played an outsized role in peoples’ lives all around the country given the relatively extreme volume of extreme weather events we’ve seen — including some record-breaking ones — that 50, 60, 70 years ago probably would have killed hundreds of people if not thousands of people,” he said. “This time [the events] killed 10 to 100 times fewer people and resulted in many billions of dollars less in damages. That’s just this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seth Olyer, the president of Oakland’s firefighter union, said the department uses NOAA data to adjust staffing for red flag days and high wind events and ahead of storms that down trees and power lines and prompt evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The day of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12010151/oakland-fire-spreads-to-nearby-homes-amid-dry-windy-conditions\">Keller Fire\u003c/a>, we had upstaffed the amount of fire engines that were on the street from Oakland, and they were up in the hills patrolling because of the high wind event,” he said. “We have more people, more boots on the ground, to deal with the situation to keep small incidents small.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are frequently matters of life and death,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air traffic controllers and the agriculture industry also rely on the weather data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually think it could impact farming as we know it,” said Andy Naja-Riese, the executive director of the Agricultural Institute of Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said farmers use weather modeling to make decisions every day — ensuring that they don’t plant crops before intense rains that would wash away seeds, staffing agricultural workers for harvest during heat waves, and preparing frost-prone crops for freezes. Ranchers also look at modeling to decide when livestock should be roaming outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We grow a lot of wine grapes in the North Bay,” Naja-Riese told KQED. “Thinking through irrigation patterns and understanding how to prepare for things like when to water crops, let’s say, in the summer if there are forecasts of really intense heat that’s coming. You want to be able to plan for these types of activities, and you need reliable data to make that happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said that there are some private weather providers that give more agriculture-specific information, but that data comes from the weather service — as do commercial weather services and GPS apps found on Apple and Google devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where do you think the information in the Weather app comes from? It comes from NOAA,” Lofgren said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Privatizing comes with costs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If the NWS — which costs individual taxpayers around $3 a year — were to be privatized, it would be expensive and likely time-consuming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noah Diffenbaugh, a senior fellow at Stanford’s Doerr School of Sustainability, said a look at the budget of the federal programs gives a good idea of what it would take for a private company to run a comprehensive weather service. In 2023, the NWS had a budget of about \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-05/NOAA_Blue_Book_2024.pdf\">$1.3 billion\u003c/a>, while NOAA’s as a whole was \u003ca href=\"https://research.noaa.gov/external-affairs/budget/#:~:text=CONSOLIDATED%20APPROPRIATIONS%20ACT%20OF%202023&text=On%20December%2029%2C%202022%2C%20President,of%20%246.35B%20for%20NOAA.\">$6.3 billion\u003c/a>. That doesn’t include the investments needed to set up the infrastructure the federal government has built over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our satellite observing systems that have now been in place for more than 40 years — that for a long time has really been dependent on government investments in satellite development,” Diffenbaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While there certainly we can leverage knowledge that’s been developed, the reality is that the operational capabilities in terms of the real-time forecasts, the real-time warnings, the real-time response, you know, that’s all that’s all needed going forward,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creating new infrastructure would also take time. Climate scientist Swain said any gap in data would be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People would die in extreme weather events who would not have otherwise, [and the] economy would suffer,” Swain wrote on \u003ca href=\"https://www.threads.net/@weather.west/post/DFtVQyps3t3?xmt=AQGzzWC4j7dk1cXCWeMnGpolnmXGkN-enhUWztpcCOW-JA\">Threads \u003c/a>on Wednesday. “Even a temporary or partial interruption in NOAA/NWS 24/7 lifesaving services — which are often used in an hour-by-hour (even minute-by-minute) context — would have this effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren said that if Trump does move to dismantle the agency, which he doesn’t have the authority to do, it would take bipartisan support to stop him in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Republicans control every level of government — the White House, the Senate, the House,” she told KQED. “We don’t have the capacity to put a bill on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we are fighting back. We’re taking whistleblower accounts and looking at what channels we might have in the democratic system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/nnavarro\">Natalia Navarro\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amid reports that President Trump’s newly formed \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2025/02/04/nx-s1-5286314/department-of-government-efficiency-doge-explainer-elon-musk\">Department of Government Efficiency\u003c/a> appears ready to target key weather and climate change resources housed under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Bay Area Democrats are ringing alarm bells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The elected officials, along with local agriculture and public safety leaders, say that slashing NOAA programs and privatizing some of its operations — part of the controversial Project 2025 playbook — would uproot industries and cost lives as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1995420/climate-scientists-warn-of-growing-whiplash-effect-on-weather-patterns\">effects of human-caused climate change\u003c/a> grow more severe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Bay Rep. Zoe Lofgren said that DOGE chief Elon Musk and other employees visited NOAA offices Tuesday, and staffers have said they searched through IT databases for information related to diversity, equity and inclusion initiatives that Trump has\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025581/trump-is-weighing-big-cuts-to-the-u-s-education-department\"> targeted for elimination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Elon Musk and his DOGE hackers are ransacking their way through the federal government, unlawfully gaining unfettered access to Americans’ private information and gutting programs people depend on,” Lofgren said in a joint statement with North Bay Rep. Jared Huffman. Both are ranking members of House environmental committees. “Now they have reached NOAA where they’re wreaking havoc on the scientific and regulatory systems that protect American families’ safety and jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12026305\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/AP110824023292-scaled-e1738975599366.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12026305\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/02/AP110824023292-scaled-e1738975599366.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1134\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A storm surge specialist studies a computer at the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Wednesday, Aug. 24, 2011. The agency is a division of the United States’ NOAA and National Weather Service. (AP Photo/J Pat Carter)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The action at NOAA’s headquarters re-upped fears over a plan to significantly dismantle the department and get rid of the National Weather Service in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11998288/what-is-project-2025-donald-trump-heritage-foundation-director-steps-down\">Project 2025\u003c/a>, the 900-page conservative policy document aiming to reshape the federal government that was published ahead of last year’s election. Trump has tried to distance himself from the plan, but in his first few weeks in office, he’s already implemented some of its initiatives, and Russell Vought, considered one of its architects, was confirmed Thursday as his director of the Office of Management and Budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Project 2025 calls for eliminating many of NOAA’s functions and outsourcing others to states and the private sector. The document suggested that the agency drives climate change alarm and said its related research should be disbanded, calling it “harmful to future U.S. prosperity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental experts and Democratic elected officials worry that its dismantling is what could be harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Privatizing this, basically eliminating it, would put Americans in danger,” Lofgren told KQED. “The Republicans are saying that climate change doesn’t exist, which is ridiculous, but the weather service tells us who’s in harm’s way. Ripping the rug out from under the program would prevent Americans from getting lifesaving information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Matters of life and death’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Since the beginning of the year, the NWS has issued red flag warnings and fire weather planning forecasts that helped prepare Southern California ahead of — and during — the devastating Palisades and Eaton fires. It tracked flooding in Sonoma County, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12025777/north-bay-rivers-flood-after-storm-little-time-prepare-next-round-rain\">prompting evacuations\u003c/a> of low-lying areas that were underwater when the Russian River rose during recent storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCLA climate scientist Daniel Swain criticized the idea of cutting NOAA funding even before these events in one of his \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C3GRgeNJoNo&t=3642s\">YouTube office hours\u003c/a> last October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2024, “the weather service has played an outsized role in peoples’ lives all around the country given the relatively extreme volume of extreme weather events we’ve seen — including some record-breaking ones — that 50, 60, 70 years ago probably would have killed hundreds of people if not thousands of people,” he said. “This time [the events] killed 10 to 100 times fewer people and resulted in many billions of dollars less in damages. That’s just this year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seth Olyer, the president of Oakland’s firefighter union, said the department uses NOAA data to adjust staffing for red flag days and high wind events and ahead of storms that down trees and power lines and prompt evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The day of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12010151/oakland-fire-spreads-to-nearby-homes-amid-dry-windy-conditions\">Keller Fire\u003c/a>, we had upstaffed the amount of fire engines that were on the street from Oakland, and they were up in the hills patrolling because of the high wind event,” he said. “We have more people, more boots on the ground, to deal with the situation to keep small incidents small.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are frequently matters of life and death,” he continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air traffic controllers and the agriculture industry also rely on the weather data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I actually think it could impact farming as we know it,” said Andy Naja-Riese, the executive director of the Agricultural Institute of Marin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said farmers use weather modeling to make decisions every day — ensuring that they don’t plant crops before intense rains that would wash away seeds, staffing agricultural workers for harvest during heat waves, and preparing frost-prone crops for freezes. Ranchers also look at modeling to decide when livestock should be roaming outdoors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We grow a lot of wine grapes in the North Bay,” Naja-Riese told KQED. “Thinking through irrigation patterns and understanding how to prepare for things like when to water crops, let’s say, in the summer if there are forecasts of really intense heat that’s coming. You want to be able to plan for these types of activities, and you need reliable data to make that happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Swain said that there are some private weather providers that give more agriculture-specific information, but that data comes from the weather service — as do commercial weather services and GPS apps found on Apple and Google devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where do you think the information in the Weather app comes from? It comes from NOAA,” Lofgren said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Privatizing comes with costs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If the NWS — which costs individual taxpayers around $3 a year — were to be privatized, it would be expensive and likely time-consuming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Noah Diffenbaugh, a senior fellow at Stanford’s Doerr School of Sustainability, said a look at the budget of the federal programs gives a good idea of what it would take for a private company to run a comprehensive weather service. In 2023, the NWS had a budget of about \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/sites/default/files/2023-05/NOAA_Blue_Book_2024.pdf\">$1.3 billion\u003c/a>, while NOAA’s as a whole was \u003ca href=\"https://research.noaa.gov/external-affairs/budget/#:~:text=CONSOLIDATED%20APPROPRIATIONS%20ACT%20OF%202023&text=On%20December%2029%2C%202022%2C%20President,of%20%246.35B%20for%20NOAA.\">$6.3 billion\u003c/a>. That doesn’t include the investments needed to set up the infrastructure the federal government has built over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our satellite observing systems that have now been in place for more than 40 years — that for a long time has really been dependent on government investments in satellite development,” Diffenbaugh said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While there certainly we can leverage knowledge that’s been developed, the reality is that the operational capabilities in terms of the real-time forecasts, the real-time warnings, the real-time response, you know, that’s all that’s all needed going forward,” he told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Creating new infrastructure would also take time. Climate scientist Swain said any gap in data would be dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People would die in extreme weather events who would not have otherwise, [and the] economy would suffer,” Swain wrote on \u003ca href=\"https://www.threads.net/@weather.west/post/DFtVQyps3t3?xmt=AQGzzWC4j7dk1cXCWeMnGpolnmXGkN-enhUWztpcCOW-JA\">Threads \u003c/a>on Wednesday. “Even a temporary or partial interruption in NOAA/NWS 24/7 lifesaving services — which are often used in an hour-by-hour (even minute-by-minute) context — would have this effect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren said that if Trump does move to dismantle the agency, which he doesn’t have the authority to do, it would take bipartisan support to stop him in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Republicans control every level of government — the White House, the Senate, the House,” she told KQED. “We don’t have the capacity to put a bill on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we are fighting back. We’re taking whistleblower accounts and looking at what channels we might have in the democratic system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/nnavarro\">Natalia Navarro\u003c/a> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ryan Wedding, who represented Canada in snowboarding at the Salt Lake City Olympics in 2002, is now a fugitive from the U.S. justice system, accused of leading a violent international drug trafficking ring. Wedding allegedly orchestrated the shipment of tons of cocaine from Colombia to Mexico, the U.S. and Canada — and he’s accused of ordering multiple killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/cei/ryan-james-wedding\">FBI says Wedding\u003c/a>, 43, is a fugitive and may be in Mexico. A federal arrest warrant was issued for him one month ago in the U.S. Central District Court in Los Angeles. He’s been working with the notorious Sinaloa Cartel, the U.S. Attorney’s Office tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A grand jury indictment was first filed in June, charging Wedding with numerous felonies. He is the lead defendant in a superseding indictment that was unsealed this week, naming 16 people in all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have triggered an avalanche of violent crimes, including brutal murders,” Matthew Allen, special agent in charge of the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Los Angeles division, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/16-defendants-charged-superseding-indictment-alleging-bulk-shipments-cocaine-canada\">said in a statement\u003c/a>. “Wedding, the Olympian snowboarder, went from navigating slopes to contouring a life of incessant crimes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1630x1082+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe7%2Fd5%2F71c8f3374c038c933a2127ba90be%2Fscreenshot-2024-10-18-at-9-18-50-am.png\" alt=\"Ryan Wedding appears on an FBI wanted poster. The U.S. says Wedding, 43, is a fugitive and may be in Mexico.\">\u003cfigcaption>Ryan Wedding appears on an FBI wanted poster. The U.S. says Wedding, 43, is a fugitive and may be in Mexico. \u003ccite> (FBI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Authorities allege that the drug conspiracy operated on a large scale, listing locations from Colombia and Mexico to three California counties — Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino — and Miami-Dade County, Fla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents were able to monitor the group’s actions earlier this year thanks to a mole who relayed coded messages about alleged drug shipments sent on the encrypted messaging application Threema, according to the indictment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indictment describes an elaborate system in which transportation dispatchers based in Canada allegedly used dollar-bill serial numbers as “tokens” to verify co-conspirators’ identities as they arranged for semi-trucks to carry tons of cocaine from Southern California into Canada. The alleged leaders of the enterprise’s transportation arm agreed to a flat fee of $220,000 Canadian for each load, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the federal investigation — dubbed Operation Giant Slalom, echoing an Olympic event Wedding once competed in — law enforcement agents caught defendants with a total of some 1,800 kilograms (1.8 metric tons) of cocaine, according to the Justice Department. They also seized guns, $255,400 in cash, and more than $3.2 million in cryptocurrency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Operation Giant Slalom’s reach extended to an elite enclave in Aventura, Florida. The FBI raided \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/3914-Island-Estates-Dr-Aventura-FL-33160/44060368_zpid/\">a mansion\u003c/a> worth millions of dollars that a defendant, Miami Beach music executive and restaurateur Nahim Jorge Bonilla, \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/aventura/article294122259.html\">had reportedly bought\u003c/a> from music star DJ Khaled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wedding had sent Bonilla 12 kilograms of cocaine, according to the indictment — 7 that were paid for and 5 on consignment. In June, Wedding threatened to kill Bonilla’s mother if the remaining debt wasn’t settled within three days, court papers say. Within a week, Bonilla allegedly paid Wedding for 2 kilograms of cocaine and sent 20 kilograms of methamphetamine to Montreal, Canada, to settle the rest of the debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/2028x1178+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F04%2Ffa%2F5ca0d8634c44a77aa45a4a683aef%2Fscreenshot-2024-10-18-at-9-40-42-am.png\" alt=\"Stacks of cocaine are seen in a Justice Department image from Aug. 1, when some 201 kgs of cocaine were seized in Riverside County, Calif., as part of an investigation into an international trafficking ring.\">\u003cfigcaption>Stacks of cocaine are seen in a Justice Department image from Aug. 1, when some 201 kgs of cocaine were seized in Riverside County, California, as part of an investigation into an international trafficking ring. \u003ccite> (U.S. Attorney’s Office, Central District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other cases, murders were allegedly carried out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wedding and Clark allegedly directed the Nov. 20, 2023, murders of two members of a family in Ontario, Canada, in retaliation for a stolen drug shipment,” the U.S. Attorney’s Office says. The agency says another person was killed in May over an unpaid debt, allegedly on Wedding and Clark’s orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twelve of the 16 defendants have been arrested. They include four Canadians arrested in Ontario this week and three Canadians arrested in the U.S., according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/news/2024/significant-transnational-organized-crime-group-disrupted-rcmp-fbi-and-police-canada-and\">Royal Canadian Mounted Police.\u003c/a> But Wedding and several others remain at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If convicted, Wedding and several co-defendants “would face a mandatory minimum penalty of life in federal prison on the murder and attempted murder charges,” according to the Justice Department. Other charges in the case also carry similarly stiff penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the second time U.S. authorities have leveled serious drug charges against Wedding: In 2009, he was convicted of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and served more than a year in prison. Canadian authorities had also previously investigated him as part of drug inquests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Salt Lake City Games in 2002, Wedding placed 24th in the parallel giant slalom, according to his \u003ca href=\"https://olympics.com/en/athletes/ryan-wedding\">Olympic bio page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ryan Wedding, who represented Canada in snowboarding at the Salt Lake City Olympics in 2002, is now a fugitive from the U.S. justice system, accused of leading a violent international drug trafficking ring. Wedding allegedly orchestrated the shipment of tons of cocaine from Colombia to Mexico, the U.S. and Canada — and he’s accused of ordering multiple killings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/cei/ryan-james-wedding\">FBI says Wedding\u003c/a>, 43, is a fugitive and may be in Mexico. A federal arrest warrant was issued for him one month ago in the U.S. Central District Court in Los Angeles. He’s been working with the notorious Sinaloa Cartel, the U.S. Attorney’s Office tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A grand jury indictment was first filed in June, charging Wedding with numerous felonies. He is the lead defendant in a superseding indictment that was unsealed this week, naming 16 people in all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have triggered an avalanche of violent crimes, including brutal murders,” Matthew Allen, special agent in charge of the Drug Enforcement Administration’s Los Angeles division, \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/usao-cdca/pr/16-defendants-charged-superseding-indictment-alleging-bulk-shipments-cocaine-canada\">said in a statement\u003c/a>. “Wedding, the Olympian snowboarder, went from navigating slopes to contouring a life of incessant crimes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/1630x1082+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fe7%2Fd5%2F71c8f3374c038c933a2127ba90be%2Fscreenshot-2024-10-18-at-9-18-50-am.png\" alt=\"Ryan Wedding appears on an FBI wanted poster. The U.S. says Wedding, 43, is a fugitive and may be in Mexico.\">\u003cfigcaption>Ryan Wedding appears on an FBI wanted poster. The U.S. says Wedding, 43, is a fugitive and may be in Mexico. \u003ccite> (FBI)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Authorities allege that the drug conspiracy operated on a large scale, listing locations from Colombia and Mexico to three California counties — Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino — and Miami-Dade County, Fla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Agents were able to monitor the group’s actions earlier this year thanks to a mole who relayed coded messages about alleged drug shipments sent on the encrypted messaging application Threema, according to the indictment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indictment describes an elaborate system in which transportation dispatchers based in Canada allegedly used dollar-bill serial numbers as “tokens” to verify co-conspirators’ identities as they arranged for semi-trucks to carry tons of cocaine from Southern California into Canada. The alleged leaders of the enterprise’s transportation arm agreed to a flat fee of $220,000 Canadian for each load, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the federal investigation — dubbed Operation Giant Slalom, echoing an Olympic event Wedding once competed in — law enforcement agents caught defendants with a total of some 1,800 kilograms (1.8 metric tons) of cocaine, according to the Justice Department. They also seized guns, $255,400 in cash, and more than $3.2 million in cryptocurrency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Operation Giant Slalom’s reach extended to an elite enclave in Aventura, Florida. The FBI raided \u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/homedetails/3914-Island-Estates-Dr-Aventura-FL-33160/44060368_zpid/\">a mansion\u003c/a> worth millions of dollars that a defendant, Miami Beach music executive and restaurateur Nahim Jorge Bonilla, \u003ca href=\"https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/community/miami-dade/aventura/article294122259.html\">had reportedly bought\u003c/a> from music star DJ Khaled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wedding had sent Bonilla 12 kilograms of cocaine, according to the indictment — 7 that were paid for and 5 on consignment. In June, Wedding threatened to kill Bonilla’s mother if the remaining debt wasn’t settled within three days, court papers say. Within a week, Bonilla allegedly paid Wedding for 2 kilograms of cocaine and sent 20 kilograms of methamphetamine to Montreal, Canada, to settle the rest of the debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/dims3/default/strip/false/crop/2028x1178+0+0/resize/1200/quality/75/format/jpeg/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fnpr-brightspot.s3.amazonaws.com%2F04%2Ffa%2F5ca0d8634c44a77aa45a4a683aef%2Fscreenshot-2024-10-18-at-9-40-42-am.png\" alt=\"Stacks of cocaine are seen in a Justice Department image from Aug. 1, when some 201 kgs of cocaine were seized in Riverside County, Calif., as part of an investigation into an international trafficking ring.\">\u003cfigcaption>Stacks of cocaine are seen in a Justice Department image from Aug. 1, when some 201 kgs of cocaine were seized in Riverside County, California, as part of an investigation into an international trafficking ring. \u003ccite> (U.S. Attorney’s Office, Central District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other cases, murders were allegedly carried out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wedding and Clark allegedly directed the Nov. 20, 2023, murders of two members of a family in Ontario, Canada, in retaliation for a stolen drug shipment,” the U.S. Attorney’s Office says. The agency says another person was killed in May over an unpaid debt, allegedly on Wedding and Clark’s orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twelve of the 16 defendants have been arrested. They include four Canadians arrested in Ontario this week and three Canadians arrested in the U.S., according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/news/2024/significant-transnational-organized-crime-group-disrupted-rcmp-fbi-and-police-canada-and\">Royal Canadian Mounted Police.\u003c/a> But Wedding and several others remain at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If convicted, Wedding and several co-defendants “would face a mandatory minimum penalty of life in federal prison on the murder and attempted murder charges,” according to the Justice Department. Other charges in the case also carry similarly stiff penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the second time U.S. authorities have leveled serious drug charges against Wedding: In 2009, he was convicted of conspiracy to distribute cocaine and served more than a year in prison. Canadian authorities had also previously investigated him as part of drug inquests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the Salt Lake City Games in 2002, Wedding placed 24th in the parallel giant slalom, according to his \u003ca href=\"https://olympics.com/en/athletes/ryan-wedding\">Olympic bio page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
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},
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1MDAyODE4NTgz",
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},
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"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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},
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
"freakonomics-radio": {
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
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