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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attacker was described as Hispanic, in his mid-20s to early 30s, unshaven and wearing a dark hooded sweatshirt and dark pants. Police said that, though this description differed slightly from prior descriptions, they believe the suspect could be the same person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We believe that the incident relates to previous assaults in the South Campus area,” police said in Saturday’s statement. “Detectives are seeking the community’s help in identifying the suspect.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police released a security-camera video -- see above -- of the man believed to be the suspect in the first three attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the full story on Berkeleyside:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/03/05/another-cal-student-sexually-assaulted-in-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\">Police believe new sexual assault in Berkeley is linked to prior attacks\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>UC Berkeley is running a $150 million deficit this year and must undertake a top-to-bottom review of expenses if it hopes to sustain its national standing as a premier public institution, Chancellor Nicholas Dirks warned Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university faces difficult decisions as it works to preserve its long-term financial footing, Dirks said. Consolidating academic departments, evaluating spending on athletics, shedding staff and admitting fewer doctoral students are some of the changes that will be considered, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are fighting to maintain our excellence against those who might equate 'public' with mediocrity,\" Dirks wrote in a letter to the campus. \"What we are engaged in here is a fundamental defense of the concept of the public university, a concept that we must reinvent in order to preserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inadequate state funding and other factors had created \"a substantial and growing structural deficit\" at UC Berkeley, Dirks said. To address it, the chancellor said he was initiating a restructuring process aimed at cutting costs, increasing revenue and preserving the strongest programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks' letter warned that \"even as some of the investments we make will be greeted enthusiastically, we also know that some of the changes we will undergo will be painful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A budget review prepared by Berkeley administrators blames the deficit on reduced state funding for instruction and construction, increased pension costs and five years without in-state tuition increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a series of increases during the recession, tuition and fees for undergraduate students from California has remained $12,291 since the 2011-12 academic year. It is not expected to rise until 2017-18 under a deal UC President Janet Napolitano struck with Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a public outcry, Napolitano, who is a former U.S. secretary of Homeland Security and Arizona governor, also capped the percentage of higher-paying students from outside the state that Berkeley and UCLA could enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks' letter did not include many details on how the scope of Berkeley's academic and extracurricular offerings might change. On the academic side, the chancellor said some programs would be beefed up, while others would be given a narrower focus or rearranged to \"ensure sufficient scale.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campus will get input on the planning from faculty, staff, students and alumni, the chancellor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with looking at how the university spends money, the review Dirks has ordered also will appraise opportunities for the campus to bring in more revenue through licensing, donor-supported athletic scholarships and online courses, his letter said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A budget review prepared by Berkeley administrators blames the deficit on reduced state funding for instruction and construction, increased pension costs and five years without in-state tuition increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a series of increases during the recession, tuition and fees for undergraduate students from California has remained $12,291 since the 2011-12 academic year. It is not expected to rise until 2017-18 under a deal UC President Janet Napolitano struck with Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a public outcry, Napolitano, who is a former U.S. secretary of Homeland Security and Arizona governor, also capped the percentage of higher-paying students from outside the state that Berkeley and UCLA could enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks' letter did not include many details on how the scope of Berkeley's academic and extracurricular offerings might change. On the academic side, the chancellor said some programs would be beefed up, while others would be given a narrower focus or rearranged to \"ensure sufficient scale.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campus will get input on the planning from faculty, staff, students and alumni, the chancellor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with looking at how the university spends money, the review Dirks has ordered also will appraise opportunities for the campus to bring in more revenue through licensing, donor-supported athletic scholarships and online courses, his letter said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Activists with the UC Berkeley student group Berkeley Organization for Animal Advocacy staged a protest on the Cal campus Thursday to protest the consumption of meat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokeswoman Kitty Jones said two more similarly dramatic protests are planned in the next few days at locations in the city of Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around 10 a.m. Thursday two students, a man and a woman, stripped to their underwear and lay down on large white trays. Bright red fake blood was poured over them before they were covered in clear plastic to simulate trays of cellophane-wrapped meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to raise awareness of animal liberation issues,” said Jones, co-president of the BOAA, an organization sponsored by UC Berkeley’s ASUC student governance body. Jones said they were protesting the consumption of animals that were not born to be eaten, in particular cows, pigs and chickens — as well as humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the complete post at Berkeleyside:\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2015/12/03/uc-berkeley-students-transform-themselves-into-packaged-meat-for-anti-meat-consumption-protest/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley students tranform themselves into packaged meat for anti-meat consumption protest\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ucberkeleymeatb.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ucberkeleymeatb.jpg\" alt=\"A student protested wrapped and labeled as meat. The label reads: 'Warning: Billions of animals are abused and violently killed because you eat meat. Get help!'\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10782137\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ucberkeleymeatb.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ucberkeleymeatb-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student protested wrapped and labeled as meat. The label reads: ‘Warning: Billions of animals are abused and violently killed because you eat meat. Get help!’ \u003ccite>(Ted Friedman/Berkeleyside)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Activists with the UC Berkeley student group Berkeley Organization for Animal Advocacy staged a protest on the Cal campus Thursday to protest the consumption of meat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokeswoman Kitty Jones said two more similarly dramatic protests are planned in the next few days at locations in the city of Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around 10 a.m. Thursday two students, a man and a woman, stripped to their underwear and lay down on large white trays. Bright red fake blood was poured over them before they were covered in clear plastic to simulate trays of cellophane-wrapped meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to raise awareness of animal liberation issues,” said Jones, co-president of the BOAA, an organization sponsored by UC Berkeley’s ASUC student governance body. Jones said they were protesting the consumption of animals that were not born to be eaten, in particular cows, pigs and chickens — as well as humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the complete post at Berkeleyside:\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2015/12/03/uc-berkeley-students-transform-themselves-into-packaged-meat-for-anti-meat-consumption-protest/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC Berkeley students tranform themselves into packaged meat for anti-meat consumption protest\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ucberkeleymeatb.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ucberkeleymeatb.jpg\" alt=\"A student protested wrapped and labeled as meat. The label reads: 'Warning: Billions of animals are abused and violently killed because you eat meat. Get help!'\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10782137\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ucberkeleymeatb.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ucberkeleymeatb-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student protested wrapped and labeled as meat. The label reads: ‘Warning: Billions of animals are abused and violently killed because you eat meat. Get help!’ \u003ccite>(Ted Friedman/Berkeleyside)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>University of California President Janet Napolitano announced the immediate formation of a special joint committee that will examine the breakdown of UC policies and procedures in the wake of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/14/berkeley-astronomer-geoff-marcy-in-wake-of-sex-harassment-case\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allegations of sexual harassment\u003c/a> against former UC Berkeley professor Geoff Marcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcy, who resigned Wednesday, is known for discovering hundreds of worlds outside this solar system and was considered in line for a Nobel Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, published reports indicated that at least four graduate and undergraduate students had complained that Marcy had groped them or behaved inappropriately with other women. This is after a campus investigation determined in June that Marcy had sexually harassed female students during a nearly 10-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In letter issued to UC chancellors and regents today, her first public comment on the case, Napolitano states:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The purpose of this letter is to direct action, I want to take this opportunity to stress again how seriously the University takes the matter of sexual violence, assault, and harassment. University leadership must work together to educate all members of our community that such egregious behavior will not be tolerated at the University of California and to deal firmly, fairly, and expeditiously with any claim involving sexual violence, assault or harassment.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Napolitano added that she wants the newly formed committee, which will be under the aegis of the President’s Task Force on Prevention and Responding to Sexual Violence and Sexual Assault, to examine the entire process of investigation, adjudication and sanctions involving faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Napolitano says the committee will review whether the current statute of limitations needs to be revised, given that “complaints often involve misconduct that occurred several years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dianne Klein, UC spokeswoman, says the committee’s recommendations will result in a culture change so that students feel comfortable speaking out against faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a tough lift. We’re talking about a culture change,” Klein says. “Certainly when you have someone who is very prominent, who does excellent work, perhaps people feel even more intimidated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee is charged with bringing back a set of recommendations no later than Feb. 29, 2016, as well as interim recommendations that can be put in place immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The entire letter can be read below:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[scribd id=285267948 key=key-qXdf9HYKdNGRcrmvc5H4 mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>University of California President Janet Napolitano announced the immediate formation of a special joint committee that will examine the breakdown of UC policies and procedures in the wake of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/14/berkeley-astronomer-geoff-marcy-in-wake-of-sex-harassment-case\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">allegations of sexual harassment\u003c/a> against former UC Berkeley professor Geoff Marcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcy, who resigned Wednesday, is known for discovering hundreds of worlds outside this solar system and was considered in line for a Nobel Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, published reports indicated that at least four graduate and undergraduate students had complained that Marcy had groped them or behaved inappropriately with other women. This is after a campus investigation determined in June that Marcy had sexually harassed female students during a nearly 10-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In letter issued to UC chancellors and regents today, her first public comment on the case, Napolitano states:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The purpose of this letter is to direct action, I want to take this opportunity to stress again how seriously the University takes the matter of sexual violence, assault, and harassment. University leadership must work together to educate all members of our community that such egregious behavior will not be tolerated at the University of California and to deal firmly, fairly, and expeditiously with any claim involving sexual violence, assault or harassment.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Napolitano added that she wants the newly formed committee, which will be under the aegis of the President’s Task Force on Prevention and Responding to Sexual Violence and Sexual Assault, to examine the entire process of investigation, adjudication and sanctions involving faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Napolitano says the committee will review whether the current statute of limitations needs to be revised, given that “complaints often involve misconduct that occurred several years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dianne Klein, UC spokeswoman, says the committee’s recommendations will result in a culture change so that students feel comfortable speaking out against faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a tough lift. We’re talking about a culture change,” Klein says. “Certainly when you have someone who is very prominent, who does excellent work, perhaps people feel even more intimidated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee is charged with bringing back a set of recommendations no later than Feb. 29, 2016, as well as interim recommendations that can be put in place immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The entire letter can be read below:\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\"\n src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/285267948/content?start_page=1&view_mode=&access_key=key-qXdf9HYKdNGRcrmvc5H4\"\n title=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/285267948\"\n data-auto-height=\"true\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"scribd_285267948\"\n width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n \u003ca class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__scribdShortcode__scribd_footer\"\n href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/285267948\"\n target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View this document on Scribd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:20 p.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley Chancellor Nicholas Dirks has confirmed media reports that Professor Geoff Marcy has resigned in the wake of findings that he violated the school’s policy prohibiting sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Dirks called Marcy’s behavior “contemptible and inexcusable” and said his resignation was accepted immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks also responded to criticism that the university had essentially let Marcy off with a warning after an investigation found he had groped, kissed and had other uninvited contact with at least four female students since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiterating UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/13/uc-berkeley-defends-handling-of-harassment-case-against-astronomer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earlier defense\u003c/a> of its handling of the case, he said a formal termination proceeding would have been “lengthy and uncertain” and would have required a higher standard of evidence than the sexual harassment inquiry used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our objective was to protect our students by immediately preventing any re-occurrence of the behavior described in the investigative report,” Dirks wrote. “We thus chose to establish, in writing, a strict set of behavioral standards that went beyond what is specifically proscribed by the University’s rules and regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the complete statement, followed by our more detailed original post on the Marcy case:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This morning Professor Geoff Marcy resigned from the Berkeley faculty. We believe this outcome is entirely appropriate and have immediately accepted his resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s reaction to the finding that Professor Geoff Marcy violated the University’s sexual harassment policies has been the subject of understandable criticism and anger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before describing the disciplinary options that were available to us, we want to state unequivocally that Professor Marcy’s conduct, as determined by the investigation, was contemptible and inexcusable. We also want to express our sympathy to the women who were victimized, and we deeply regret the pain they have suffered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to understand that as Berkeley’s leadership considered disciplinary options, we did not have the authority, as per University of California policy, to unilaterally impose any disciplinary sanctions, including termination. Discipline of a faculty member is a lengthy and uncertain process. It would include a full hearing where the standards of evidence that would be used are higher than those that are applied by the Office for the Prevention of Harassment and Discrimination (OPHD) in the course of its investigations. The process would also be subject to a three-year statute of limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our objective was to protect our students by immediately preventing any re-occurrence of the behavior described in the investigative report. We thus chose to establish, in writing, a strict set of behavioral standards that went beyond what is specifically proscribed by the University’s rules and regulations. In addition, the agreement authorized the administration to by-pass the lengthy, uncertain disciplinary process by stripping the professor of a faculty member’s usual due process rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recognize and share the frustration that many have expressed, and we are committed to work with the Office of the President and the Academic Senate to reform the University’s disciplinary processes, criteria and standards so that in the future we have different and better options for discipline of faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also want our campus community to know that we fully support new efforts now underway in a number of departments and colleges to address cultural issues and standards related to sexual harassment. We must do everything in our power to create the conditions necessary for quick and confidential reporting of suspected violations of our rules and standards of conduct.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> Numerous media outlets are reporting that Professor Geoff Marcy, the UC Berkeley astonomer at the center of a sexual harassment scandal, has told the university he will resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BuzzFeed News, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/famous-astronomer-allegedly-sexually-harassed-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broke the story\u003c/a> on the results of Cal’s investigation into sexual harassment accusations against Marcy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/geoff-marcy-resignation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said it had obtained an email\u003c/a> from UC Berkeley’s Astronomy Department chair stating the professor “has announced his intention to step down as a faculty member.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vice’s Motherboard site \u003ca href=\"http://motherboard.vice.com/read/berkeley-astronomer-geoff-marcy-will-resign-after-sexually-harassing-students?1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quoted Basri’s message\u003c/a> as saying in part, “This is to inform our community that Geoff has initiated the process that will lead to his no longer being a faculty member at UC Berkeley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcy is the world’s foremost authority in the field of exoplanetary science, the study of the rapidly expanding number of planets being discovered around distant stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10716803\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/ucastromessage.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10716803\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/ucastromessage-400x711.jpg\" alt=\"A message to members of UC Berkeley's Astronomy Department regarding the resignation of Geoff Marcy. \" width=\"400\" height=\"711\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/ucastromessage-400x711.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/ucastromessage.jpg 576w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A message to members of UC Berkeley’s Astronomy Department regarding the resignation of Geoff Marcy. \u003ccite>(Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marcy was the subject of at least four formal complaints regarding his contact with female students. A six-month campus investigation found that his behavior, which reportedly included uninvited groping, kissing or massaging four women who filed complaints, violated UC Berkeley’s sexual harassment policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university’s own handling of the case \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/13/uc-berkeley-defends-handling-of-harassment-case-against-astronomer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drew widespread criticism\u003c/a>, with some faculty members, students and many in the astronomy community expressing dismay that Marcy had been allowed to continue in his position with what some said amounted to a slap on the wrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday, 22 members of Berkeley’s astronomy faculty \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/berkeley-astronomy-dept-calls-for-professor-to-leave-in-wake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a letter\u003c/a> calling for Marcy’s resignation or dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Wednesday’s announcement, one of the women involved in the sexual harassment case against the professor told BuzzFeed she was relieved at the outcome:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s a relief to know that Geoff Marcy will no longer have access to UC Berkeley students,” Jessica Kirkpatrick, one of the complainants in the sexual harassment investigation, told BuzzFeed News. “I hope the university is using this opportunity to re-evaluate it’s process and policies so that vulnerable students have better protections in place to guard against sexual harassment from faculty moving forward.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://chronicle.com/article/How-Astronomers-Sought-to/233743/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story on the case\u003c/a> in the Chronicle of Higher Education on Thursday describes Marcy as “a charismatic professor who presented himself as sympathetic to the difficulties female students face.” The story notes that from the late 1980s through mid-’90s, the professor served on the American Astronomical Society’s Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the story also reports that Marcy has had a long-standing reputation among many in his field for inappropriate behavior. Joan Schmeltz, a University of Memphis scientist who currently heads the society’s Committee on the Status of Women, says she has heard many complaints over the years:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As she talked to more and more women, Ms. Schmelz says, she realized that Mr. Marcy had a “play book.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I heard this so many times,” she says, “that I realized it was standard practice for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. Marcy, she says, would isolate a female student in his lab or find a way to talk to her privately on the campus, away from others. During the talk, he would make a slightly inappropriate comment, touch or kiss the student, and then apologize, according to what women told her. Depending on the reaction he got, she says, he would either back off or take another step forward. Students, she says, complained that he had given them rides home, taken them out to coffee, and told them he and his wife had an open relationship. The four women who complained, she says, are “just the tip of the iceberg.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been an open secret in the field for a long time,” she says. “The reason he’s been able to get away with it is that people don’t trust the system to protect them.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:20 p.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley Chancellor Nicholas Dirks has confirmed media reports that Professor Geoff Marcy has resigned in the wake of findings that he violated the school’s policy prohibiting sexual harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Dirks called Marcy’s behavior “contemptible and inexcusable” and said his resignation was accepted immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks also responded to criticism that the university had essentially let Marcy off with a warning after an investigation found he had groped, kissed and had other uninvited contact with at least four female students since 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reiterating UC Berkeley’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/13/uc-berkeley-defends-handling-of-harassment-case-against-astronomer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earlier defense\u003c/a> of its handling of the case, he said a formal termination proceeding would have been “lengthy and uncertain” and would have required a higher standard of evidence than the sexual harassment inquiry used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our objective was to protect our students by immediately preventing any re-occurrence of the behavior described in the investigative report,” Dirks wrote. “We thus chose to establish, in writing, a strict set of behavioral standards that went beyond what is specifically proscribed by the University’s rules and regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the complete statement, followed by our more detailed original post on the Marcy case:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This morning Professor Geoff Marcy resigned from the Berkeley faculty. We believe this outcome is entirely appropriate and have immediately accepted his resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley’s reaction to the finding that Professor Geoff Marcy violated the University’s sexual harassment policies has been the subject of understandable criticism and anger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before describing the disciplinary options that were available to us, we want to state unequivocally that Professor Marcy’s conduct, as determined by the investigation, was contemptible and inexcusable. We also want to express our sympathy to the women who were victimized, and we deeply regret the pain they have suffered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is important to understand that as Berkeley’s leadership considered disciplinary options, we did not have the authority, as per University of California policy, to unilaterally impose any disciplinary sanctions, including termination. Discipline of a faculty member is a lengthy and uncertain process. It would include a full hearing where the standards of evidence that would be used are higher than those that are applied by the Office for the Prevention of Harassment and Discrimination (OPHD) in the course of its investigations. The process would also be subject to a three-year statute of limitations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our objective was to protect our students by immediately preventing any re-occurrence of the behavior described in the investigative report. We thus chose to establish, in writing, a strict set of behavioral standards that went beyond what is specifically proscribed by the University’s rules and regulations. In addition, the agreement authorized the administration to by-pass the lengthy, uncertain disciplinary process by stripping the professor of a faculty member’s usual due process rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recognize and share the frustration that many have expressed, and we are committed to work with the Office of the President and the Academic Senate to reform the University’s disciplinary processes, criteria and standards so that in the future we have different and better options for discipline of faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also want our campus community to know that we fully support new efforts now underway in a number of departments and colleges to address cultural issues and standards related to sexual harassment. We must do everything in our power to create the conditions necessary for quick and confidential reporting of suspected violations of our rules and standards of conduct.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> Numerous media outlets are reporting that Professor Geoff Marcy, the UC Berkeley astonomer at the center of a sexual harassment scandal, has told the university he will resign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BuzzFeed News, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/famous-astronomer-allegedly-sexually-harassed-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broke the story\u003c/a> on the results of Cal’s investigation into sexual harassment accusations against Marcy, \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/geoff-marcy-resignation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said it had obtained an email\u003c/a> from UC Berkeley’s Astronomy Department chair stating the professor “has announced his intention to step down as a faculty member.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vice’s Motherboard site \u003ca href=\"http://motherboard.vice.com/read/berkeley-astronomer-geoff-marcy-will-resign-after-sexually-harassing-students?1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">quoted Basri’s message\u003c/a> as saying in part, “This is to inform our community that Geoff has initiated the process that will lead to his no longer being a faculty member at UC Berkeley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcy is the world’s foremost authority in the field of exoplanetary science, the study of the rapidly expanding number of planets being discovered around distant stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10716803\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/ucastromessage.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10716803\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/ucastromessage-400x711.jpg\" alt=\"A message to members of UC Berkeley's Astronomy Department regarding the resignation of Geoff Marcy. \" width=\"400\" height=\"711\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/ucastromessage-400x711.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/ucastromessage.jpg 576w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A message to members of UC Berkeley’s Astronomy Department regarding the resignation of Geoff Marcy. \u003ccite>(Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marcy was the subject of at least four formal complaints regarding his contact with female students. A six-month campus investigation found that his behavior, which reportedly included uninvited groping, kissing or massaging four women who filed complaints, violated UC Berkeley’s sexual harassment policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university’s own handling of the case \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/13/uc-berkeley-defends-handling-of-harassment-case-against-astronomer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drew widespread criticism\u003c/a>, with some faculty members, students and many in the astronomy community expressing dismay that Marcy had been allowed to continue in his position with what some said amounted to a slap on the wrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday, 22 members of Berkeley’s astronomy faculty \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/berkeley-astronomy-dept-calls-for-professor-to-leave-in-wake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a letter\u003c/a> calling for Marcy’s resignation or dismissal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Wednesday’s announcement, one of the women involved in the sexual harassment case against the professor told BuzzFeed she was relieved at the outcome:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It’s a relief to know that Geoff Marcy will no longer have access to UC Berkeley students,” Jessica Kirkpatrick, one of the complainants in the sexual harassment investigation, told BuzzFeed News. “I hope the university is using this opportunity to re-evaluate it’s process and policies so that vulnerable students have better protections in place to guard against sexual harassment from faculty moving forward.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://chronicle.com/article/How-Astronomers-Sought-to/233743/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story on the case\u003c/a> in the Chronicle of Higher Education on Thursday describes Marcy as “a charismatic professor who presented himself as sympathetic to the difficulties female students face.” The story notes that from the late 1980s through mid-’90s, the professor served on the American Astronomical Society’s Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the story also reports that Marcy has had a long-standing reputation among many in his field for inappropriate behavior. Joan Schmeltz, a University of Memphis scientist who currently heads the society’s Committee on the Status of Women, says she has heard many complaints over the years:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As she talked to more and more women, Ms. Schmelz says, she realized that Mr. Marcy had a “play book.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I heard this so many times,” she says, “that I realized it was standard practice for him.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. Marcy, she says, would isolate a female student in his lab or find a way to talk to her privately on the campus, away from others. During the talk, he would make a slightly inappropriate comment, touch or kiss the student, and then apologize, according to what women told her. Depending on the reaction he got, she says, he would either back off or take another step forward. Students, she says, complained that he had given them rides home, taken them out to coffee, and told them he and his wife had an open relationship. The four women who complained, she says, are “just the tip of the iceberg.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been an open secret in the field for a long time,” she says. “The reason he’s been able to get away with it is that people don’t trust the system to protect them.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>UC Berkeley is defending its handling of sexual harassment complaints against a prominent astronomer amid \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/berkeley-astronomy-dept-calls-for-professor-to-leave-in-wake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accusations on campus and beyond\u003c/a> that the professor was inadequately disciplined for inappropriate behavior with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university has not shared details of the six-month investigation of \u003ca href=\"http://astro.berkeley.edu/faculty-profile/geoff-marcy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Professor Geoffrey Marcy\u003c/a> that concluded in June when he was found to have violated campus sex harassment policies. It resulted from complaints brought by former students and dealt with incidents dating as far back as 2001, campus officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the probe and the nature of the complaints were first \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/famous-astronomer-allegedly-sexually-harassed-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported by BuzzFeed News\u003c/a> on Friday, UC Berkeley said Marcy had agreed to clear parameters around his behavior with the knowledge he would be subject to automatic suspension or dismissal for any violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”T2JPO1MgIAgqoNMtdZ2yM0C1dP7r3yac”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a follow-up statement issued Monday, the school described the agreement Marcy reached with Vice Provost for Faculty Janet Broughton as “the most certain and effective option for preventing any inappropriate future conduct” because it bypassed a lengthy disciplinary process that would have required a hearing before a faculty committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university has imposed real consequences on Professor Geoff Marcy by establishing a zero tolerance policy regarding future behavior and by stripping him of the procedural protections that all other faculty members enjoy,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelation that one of the world’s leading experts on planets outside Earth’s solar system had not been sanctioned more severely has angered some of Marcy’s colleagues and former students, including one of the four female students who filed complaints about him with the campus Office for the Prevention of Harassment and Discrimination last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His job as a professor is to mentor and provide guidance to young people; in that role he’s caused devastating harm,” Sarah Ballard, who earned an undergraduate degree in astronomy from Berkeley, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/science/astronomer-apologizes-for-behavior.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the New York Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ballard, now a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said her former professor talked to her about his sexual experiences as a young man and tried to give her a neck massage one time as she was getting out of his car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told the Times she was afraid to confront Marcy or file a complaint because she needed letters of recommendation for graduate school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcy posted \u003ca href=\"http://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/MarcyLetter_October7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a public apology\u003c/a> on his website in a letter he sought to have published in the newsletter of the American Astronomical Society’s Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy. The committee declined his request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter, Marcy took issue with some of the accusations against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While I don’t agree with each complaint that has been made, it’s clear my actions made some women uncomfortable and, for that, I sincerely apologize,” he told The Associated Press in an email Monday. “I have worked hard to change and will continue to focus my efforts on promoting a supportive and respectful environment both in the astronomy community and more broadly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christina Richey, an astrophysicist at NASA who chairs the Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy, said in \u003ca href=\"http://womeninastronomy.blogspot.com/2015/10/cswa-chairs-message-to-greater.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blog post published Monday\u003c/a> that sexual harassment by senior scientists “is not just isolated to one incident or one person in our field, but to a larger societal issue of the misuse of power” that puts young women at a professional disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The larger issue here is that everyone in our field should be treated as a scientist, with equal respect and dignity,” Richey said. “Women are not lining up at their poster for speed dating; they aren’t signing up to work in your lab because they want to be sexualized or objectified. They are there to become a successful scientist.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>UC Berkeley is defending its handling of sexual harassment complaints against a prominent astronomer amid \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/berkeley-astronomy-dept-calls-for-professor-to-leave-in-wake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">accusations on campus and beyond\u003c/a> that the professor was inadequately disciplined for inappropriate behavior with students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university has not shared details of the six-month investigation of \u003ca href=\"http://astro.berkeley.edu/faculty-profile/geoff-marcy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Professor Geoffrey Marcy\u003c/a> that concluded in June when he was found to have violated campus sex harassment policies. It resulted from complaints brought by former students and dealt with incidents dating as far back as 2001, campus officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the probe and the nature of the complaints were first \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzzfeed.com/azeenghorayshi/famous-astronomer-allegedly-sexually-harassed-students\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported by BuzzFeed News\u003c/a> on Friday, UC Berkeley said Marcy had agreed to clear parameters around his behavior with the knowledge he would be subject to automatic suspension or dismissal for any violations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a follow-up statement issued Monday, the school described the agreement Marcy reached with Vice Provost for Faculty Janet Broughton as “the most certain and effective option for preventing any inappropriate future conduct” because it bypassed a lengthy disciplinary process that would have required a hearing before a faculty committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university has imposed real consequences on Professor Geoff Marcy by establishing a zero tolerance policy regarding future behavior and by stripping him of the procedural protections that all other faculty members enjoy,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelation that one of the world’s leading experts on planets outside Earth’s solar system had not been sanctioned more severely has angered some of Marcy’s colleagues and former students, including one of the four female students who filed complaints about him with the campus Office for the Prevention of Harassment and Discrimination last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“His job as a professor is to mentor and provide guidance to young people; in that role he’s caused devastating harm,” Sarah Ballard, who earned an undergraduate degree in astronomy from Berkeley, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/11/science/astronomer-apologizes-for-behavior.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the New York Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ballard, now a postdoctoral fellow at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, said her former professor talked to her about his sexual experiences as a young man and tried to give her a neck massage one time as she was getting out of his car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told the Times she was afraid to confront Marcy or file a complaint because she needed letters of recommendation for graduate school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcy posted \u003ca href=\"http://w.astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/MarcyLetter_October7.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a public apology\u003c/a> on his website in a letter he sought to have published in the newsletter of the American Astronomical Society’s Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy. The committee declined his request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter, Marcy took issue with some of the accusations against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While I don’t agree with each complaint that has been made, it’s clear my actions made some women uncomfortable and, for that, I sincerely apologize,” he told The Associated Press in an email Monday. “I have worked hard to change and will continue to focus my efforts on promoting a supportive and respectful environment both in the astronomy community and more broadly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christina Richey, an astrophysicist at NASA who chairs the Committee on the Status of Women in Astronomy, said in \u003ca href=\"http://womeninastronomy.blogspot.com/2015/10/cswa-chairs-message-to-greater.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blog post published Monday\u003c/a> that sexual harassment by senior scientists “is not just isolated to one incident or one person in our field, but to a larger societal issue of the misuse of power” that puts young women at a professional disadvantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The larger issue here is that everyone in our field should be treated as a scientist, with equal respect and dignity,” Richey said. “Women are not lining up at their poster for speed dating; they aren’t signing up to work in your lab because they want to be sexualized or objectified. They are there to become a successful scientist.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It must be nice being a genius, especially if that comes with a five-year $625,000 \u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org\" target=\"_blank\">John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation\u003c/a> \"genius grant,\" as the annual awards are informally known. It's nice work if you can get it -- but you probably can't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out there isn't much you can do to be recognized as the genius that you are, at least according to your mom that time you made an intricate pipe cleaner sculpture at summer camp. You can't apply or ask to be nominated. You never even know who may be judging your work at any moment for potential genius material. For the 24 people announced as this year's MacArthur fellows, the call letting them know of their newfound status came as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's one of those things you dream about,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/943/\" target=\"_blank\">Christopher Ré\u003c/a> in the video below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ré, an assistant professor in computer science at Stanford University, was one of two Bay Area researchers picked for the no-strings-attached prize. His work focuses on analyzing big data by building programs that are capable of processing \"dark data\" -- i.e., things like objects, images and books that are not typically accessible to standard database processing. And if that made sense to you, well, then you're at least a semi-genius.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pv3bGY94Rxk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/952/\" target=\"_blank\">Peidong Yang\u003c/a>, an inorganic chemist on the faculty at UC Berkeley, was the second local genius. Yang works with semiconductor nanowires -- wires that are so small that they fundamentally behave differently from normal wires. He's even developed a synthetic leaf using semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that is capable of fake photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it seems like the majority of geniuses picked out of the Bay Area tend to come from the Stanford or Berkeley campuses, that's probably not a coincidence. While the MacArthur Foundation guards its selection process closely, here's what they could tell us:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The foundation selects nominators \"across the spectrum of human activity\" -- though there are, most likely, some limits to human activity that the foundation will consider experts in (for example, binge-watching \"Real Housewives\" will probably not qualify as genius-level activity).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Those nominators come from recommendations, often from past nominators, former award winners or foundation board members. They are supposed to be experts familiar with \"a wide variety of interesting and creative people.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Those nominators serve anonymous terms of several months and can make as many nominations for geniuses as they see fit by writing a one-to-two page letter in support of each of their nominations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The nominations are then submitted to the 12-person Selection Committee -- also secret.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Foundation staff prepares a file of the work of the potential genius for the secret committee to review, accompanied by expert letters evaluating the work and at times published reviews of said work.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>That committee then picks from those files some number of people to henceforth be geniuses.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All that is required then is for you to be a resident or citizen of the United States, not hold elected office (which presumably precludes you from being a genius), do creative and innovative work, and evidently have that work come to the attention of a secret expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This lends itself to certain trends, such as award winners coming out of well-known top universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We, however, would like to think that there are more than two geniuses in the Bay Area, and that many of those geniuses are going undiscovered by the anonymous selectors of excellence. So we're turning the question over now to the wisdom of the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you could nominate anyone, who would you pick?\u003c/h2>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.macfound.org/fellows/952/\" target=\"_blank\">Peidong Yang\u003c/a>, an inorganic chemist on the faculty at UC Berkeley, was the second local genius. Yang works with semiconductor nanowires -- wires that are so small that they fundamentally behave differently from normal wires. He's even developed a synthetic leaf using semiconducting nanowires and bacteria that is capable of fake photosynthesis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it seems like the majority of geniuses picked out of the Bay Area tend to come from the Stanford or Berkeley campuses, that's probably not a coincidence. While the MacArthur Foundation guards its selection process closely, here's what they could tell us:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The foundation selects nominators \"across the spectrum of human activity\" -- though there are, most likely, some limits to human activity that the foundation will consider experts in (for example, binge-watching \"Real Housewives\" will probably not qualify as genius-level activity).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Those nominators come from recommendations, often from past nominators, former award winners or foundation board members. They are supposed to be experts familiar with \"a wide variety of interesting and creative people.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Those nominators serve anonymous terms of several months and can make as many nominations for geniuses as they see fit by writing a one-to-two page letter in support of each of their nominations.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The nominations are then submitted to the 12-person Selection Committee -- also secret.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Foundation staff prepares a file of the work of the potential genius for the secret committee to review, accompanied by expert letters evaluating the work and at times published reviews of said work.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>That committee then picks from those files some number of people to henceforth be geniuses.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>All that is required then is for you to be a resident or citizen of the United States, not hold elected office (which presumably precludes you from being a genius), do creative and innovative work, and evidently have that work come to the attention of a secret expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This lends itself to certain trends, such as award winners coming out of well-known top universities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We, however, would like to think that there are more than two geniuses in the Bay Area, and that many of those geniuses are going undiscovered by the anonymous selectors of excellence. So we're turning the question over now to the wisdom of the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>If you could nominate anyone, who would you pick?\u003c/h2>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Students across the Bay Area are jumping on the nationwide movement for a $15-an-hour minimum wage, with a rally and march billed as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Fightfor15\" target=\"_blank\">The Fight for 15 goes to College\u003c/a>\" planned for UC Berkeley’s Sproul Plaza on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley freshman Nancy Romo says she has many friends who work minimum-wage jobs to supplement what they are getting in loans. She herself is looking for jobs for the next academic year, when her financial aid will be reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most students will end up working at minimum-wage jobs eventually,” says Romo, who says that even after she graduates the earning prospects will be bleak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more students graduate college having to go into minimum-wage jobs, while they’re looking for something that matches what their major was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California College of the Arts illustration major Emeric Kennard says most students need to take some sort of day job while they pay rent and build their art careers. With more than two years to go before graduation, he’s nervous about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I knew ($15/hour) was a guarantee, I would feel a little better about my ability to survive in the initial months post-graduation. ... And in being able to pay off the debt that I’m going to come out with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area cities like Oakland are in the vanguard, having recently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/02/oakland-minimum-wage-measure-ff\" target=\"_blank\">raised their minimum wage above $12 an hour\u003c/a>. Emeryville may \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2015/01/22/emeryville-poised-to-leapfrog-oakland-with-minimum-wage-hike-as-high-as-14\" target=\"_blank\">soon go to more than $14 an hour\u003c/a>. While low-wage worker advocates have cheered the hikes, the increased labor costs have brought difficulties to some businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C.J. Hirschfeld, executive director of the theme park \u003ca href=\"http://fairyland.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Children’s Fairyland,\u003c/a> says Oakland’s recent minimum-wage increase, which took effect on March 2, hit hard. Fairyland has traditionally offered lower-paying summer internships to teens. This summer, they probably won't do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we all appreciate the fact that the goal is to increase (the) minimum wage. I would just bring restaurateurs into the discussion. Bring folks that employ student interns into the discussion. I think there might be room for some possible exemptions that folks would understand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muriel Sterling, who owns and operates Sterling Child Care in East Oakland, says she’s had to cut back on employee hours and let two families go for whom she was providing transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When (the wage increase to $12.25/hr) hit us, we were not aware,\" says Sterling. “It's really hurting. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling says some providers are saying their businesses may fold because they are not able to make payroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it will go back to the way it used to be. Neighbors, family members and people paid under the table. … I think it will come to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>‘This is all very new. We're all dealing with it as best we can,\" says Hirschfeld, of Children’s Fairyland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the low-wage workers movement, led by fast-food employees, wants $15 an hour, across California, and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This action’s going to be one of the largest worker actions of our time,\" says Romo. “It's really exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Students across the Bay Area are jumping on the nationwide movement for a $15-an-hour minimum wage, with a rally and march billed as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Fightfor15\" target=\"_blank\">The Fight for 15 goes to College\u003c/a>\" planned for UC Berkeley’s Sproul Plaza on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley freshman Nancy Romo says she has many friends who work minimum-wage jobs to supplement what they are getting in loans. She herself is looking for jobs for the next academic year, when her financial aid will be reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most students will end up working at minimum-wage jobs eventually,” says Romo, who says that even after she graduates the earning prospects will be bleak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more students graduate college having to go into minimum-wage jobs, while they’re looking for something that matches what their major was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California College of the Arts illustration major Emeric Kennard says most students need to take some sort of day job while they pay rent and build their art careers. With more than two years to go before graduation, he’s nervous about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I knew ($15/hour) was a guarantee, I would feel a little better about my ability to survive in the initial months post-graduation. ... And in being able to pay off the debt that I’m going to come out with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area cities like Oakland are in the vanguard, having recently \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/02/oakland-minimum-wage-measure-ff\" target=\"_blank\">raised their minimum wage above $12 an hour\u003c/a>. Emeryville may \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2015/01/22/emeryville-poised-to-leapfrog-oakland-with-minimum-wage-hike-as-high-as-14\" target=\"_blank\">soon go to more than $14 an hour\u003c/a>. While low-wage worker advocates have cheered the hikes, the increased labor costs have brought difficulties to some businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>C.J. Hirschfeld, executive director of the theme park \u003ca href=\"http://fairyland.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Children’s Fairyland,\u003c/a> says Oakland’s recent minimum-wage increase, which took effect on March 2, hit hard. Fairyland has traditionally offered lower-paying summer internships to teens. This summer, they probably won't do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we all appreciate the fact that the goal is to increase (the) minimum wage. I would just bring restaurateurs into the discussion. Bring folks that employ student interns into the discussion. I think there might be room for some possible exemptions that folks would understand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muriel Sterling, who owns and operates Sterling Child Care in East Oakland, says she’s had to cut back on employee hours and let two families go for whom she was providing transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When (the wage increase to $12.25/hr) hit us, we were not aware,\" says Sterling. “It's really hurting. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sterling says some providers are saying their businesses may fold because they are not able to make payroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it will go back to the way it used to be. Neighbors, family members and people paid under the table. … I think it will come to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>‘This is all very new. We're all dealing with it as best we can,\" says Hirschfeld, of Children’s Fairyland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the low-wage workers movement, led by fast-food employees, wants $15 an hour, across California, and across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This action’s going to be one of the largest worker actions of our time,\" says Romo. “It's really exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>These are not the calmest of days for the University of California. Late last week, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-uc-santa-cruz-closed-students-protest-tuition-20150305-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">students protesting tuition increases\u003c/a> approved in November shut down entrances to the Santa Cruz campus. And the ongoing standoff between Gov. Jerry Brown and UC President Janet Napolitano over those hikes took another turn recently when Napolitano threatened to \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-ln-uc-enrollment-20150303-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">freeze enrollment\u003c/a> of California residents at all campuses and of out-of-state residents at Berkeley and Los Angeles. The freeze is especially significant given that UC has experienced an increase in applications \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailycal.org/2015/01/12/uc-berkeley-sees-6-percent-jump-applications-undergraduate-admissions/\" target=\"_blank\">11 years in a row\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the protests and politicking, UC Berkeley Chancellor Nicholas Dirks addressed tuition and admission policies during his appearance on KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201503090900\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Here are some highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On UC Berkeley's Increase in Out-of-State Students:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"At Berkeley itself, we have had over the last 10 years just about the same number of California students. We haven't reduced that number at all, even as we have been increasing out-of-state students. So we have roughly 21,000 in-state students from California. And that number has remained, plus or minus very small percentages, the same. We have increased our out-of-state enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"And of course one thing that out-of-state enrollment shows us is that there are a lot of students across the country, and indeed across the world, who would pay 2½ times as much in tuition without the same kind of advantages of financial aid to attend the University of California at Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"The University of Michigan has 40 percent out-of-state [students], University of Virginia has 40 percent out-of-state [students]. Great universities that have been in states where similar levels of disinvestment have taken place have taken that route. We've tried not to. We have kept control over the increase in our out-of-state students, because obviously we want to have as many California students as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"But you know, (given) levels of current funding, we have been obliged to think about out-of-state students not only because it diversifies the student body pool and brings incredibly interesting people from across the nation and across the world, but also it helps to pay financial aid for California students, making it more accessible for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the Cost of Tuition:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\"> \"We are well aware of the fact that students would like to pay no tuition at all and that many people in California remember the good old days when the state paid effectively for the university, in a way that didn't mean that tuition bills were at all significant. Tuition has gone up dramatically over the last few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"But by the same token, we've had a tuition freeze for the three years. We at Berkeley have a financial aid system in which almost all the students who come from families making up to $150,000 will not be affected by any increase in tuition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to the complete interview below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195059529\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>These are not the calmest of days for the University of California. Late last week, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-uc-santa-cruz-closed-students-protest-tuition-20150305-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">students protesting tuition increases\u003c/a> approved in November shut down entrances to the Santa Cruz campus. And the ongoing standoff between Gov. Jerry Brown and UC President Janet Napolitano over those hikes took another turn recently when Napolitano threatened to \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-ln-uc-enrollment-20150303-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">freeze enrollment\u003c/a> of California residents at all campuses and of out-of-state residents at Berkeley and Los Angeles. The freeze is especially significant given that UC has experienced an increase in applications \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailycal.org/2015/01/12/uc-berkeley-sees-6-percent-jump-applications-undergraduate-admissions/\" target=\"_blank\">11 years in a row\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the protests and politicking, UC Berkeley Chancellor Nicholas Dirks addressed tuition and admission policies during his appearance on KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201503090900\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cem>Forum\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. Here are some highlights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On UC Berkeley's Increase in Out-of-State Students:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"At Berkeley itself, we have had over the last 10 years just about the same number of California students. We haven't reduced that number at all, even as we have been increasing out-of-state students. So we have roughly 21,000 in-state students from California. And that number has remained, plus or minus very small percentages, the same. We have increased our out-of-state enrollment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"And of course one thing that out-of-state enrollment shows us is that there are a lot of students across the country, and indeed across the world, who would pay 2½ times as much in tuition without the same kind of advantages of financial aid to attend the University of California at Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"The University of Michigan has 40 percent out-of-state [students], University of Virginia has 40 percent out-of-state [students]. Great universities that have been in states where similar levels of disinvestment have taken place have taken that route. We've tried not to. We have kept control over the increase in our out-of-state students, because obviously we want to have as many California students as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"But you know, (given) levels of current funding, we have been obliged to think about out-of-state students not only because it diversifies the student body pool and brings incredibly interesting people from across the nation and across the world, but also it helps to pay financial aid for California students, making it more accessible for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the Cost of Tuition:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\"> \"We are well aware of the fact that students would like to pay no tuition at all and that many people in California remember the good old days when the state paid effectively for the university, in a way that didn't mean that tuition bills were at all significant. Tuition has gone up dramatically over the last few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 30px\">\"But by the same token, we've had a tuition freeze for the three years. We at Berkeley have a financial aid system in which almost all the students who come from families making up to $150,000 will not be affected by any increase in tuition.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can listen to the complete interview below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195059529&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/195059529'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "UC Berkeley's Charles Townes, Physicist and Laser Pioneer, Dies at 99",
"title": "UC Berkeley's Charles Townes, Physicist and Laser Pioneer, Dies at 99",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NgsZaBw2OD8\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles H. Townes, a pioneering physicist who won \u003ca href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html\" target=\"_blank\">a Nobel Prize in 1964\u003c/a> for his role in developing the laser, has died at age 99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley, where Townes was still a professor emeritus, said he died Tuesday in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a short video made last year shortly before his 99th birthday (embedded above), Townes said that physics was a matter of ongoing exploration and pleasure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've practically never worked a day in my life,\" Townes said. \"I've just had fun doing physics.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charles-townes-dies-at-99/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley's obituary on Townes\u003c/a> describes the moment of inspiration that led eventually to development of the laser:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Townes was 35 in the spring of 1951 when, seated on a park bench among blooming azaleas in Washington, D.C., he was struck by the solution to a longstanding problem, how to create a pure beam of short-wavelength, high-frequency light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That revelation – not much different from a religious revelation, Townes believed – eventually led to the first laser, a now ubiquitous device common in medicine, telecommunication, entertainment and science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then a professor at Columbia University and a consultant for Bell Telephone Laboratories, Townes had transitioned from working on radar during World War II to using shorter wavelengths of light to study the energy states of molecules, a field called spectroscopy. The problem bedeviling him was how to create an intense beam of microwave energy to use as a probe. Albert Einstein proposed in 1917 that the right wavelength of light can stimulate an excited atom to emit light of the same wavelength, essentially amplifying it, but Townes was stymied by how to corral a gas of excited atoms without them flying apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His revelatory solution allowed him to separate excited from non-excited molecules and store them in a resonant cavity, so that when a microwave traveled through the gas, the molecules were stimulated to emit microwaves in step with one another: a coherent burst. He and his students built such a device using ammonia gas in 1954 and dubbed it a maser, for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years later, in 1958, he and his brother-in-law and future Nobelist Arthur Schawlow conceived the idea of doing the same thing with optical light, but using mirrors at the ends of a gas tube to amplify the light to get an “optical maser.” Bell Labs patented the laser, while Townes retained the patent on the maser, which he turned over to a nonprofit. Townes’ appointment as director of research for the U.S. government’s Institute of Defense Analysis in 1959 slowed his efforts to build an optical device, opening the door for Theodore Maiman to demonstrate the first laser – light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation – in 1960.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As t\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/29/us/charles-h-townes-physicist-who-helped-develop-lasers-dies-at-99.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=1&utm_content=buffer5f0f6&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\">he New York Times says\u003c/a>, the scientific and practical import of Townes' and his colleagues' work is almost impossible to exaggerate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>One of the most versatile inventions of the 20th century, the laser amplifies waves of stimulated atoms that shoot out as narrow beams of light, to read CDs and bar codes, guide missiles, cut steel, perform eye surgery, make astronomical measurements and carry out myriad other tasks, from transmitting a thousand books a second over fiber optic lines to entertaining crowds with light shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technological revolution spawned by lasers, laying foundations for much of the gadgetry and scientific knowledge the world now takes for granted, was given enormous momentum by the discoveries of Dr. Townes and — because almost nothing important in science is done in isolation — by the contributions of colleagues and competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, Dr. Townes shared his Nobel with Nikolai G. Basov and Aleksandr M. Prokhorov, of the Lebedev Institute for Physics in Moscow, whom he had never met. It was Dr. Townes and Dr. Arthur L. Schawlow who wrote the 1958 paper “Infrared and Optical Masers,” describing a device to produce laser light, and secured a patent for it. A graduate student, R. Gordon Gould, came up with insights on how to build it, and named it a laser, for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. And it was Dr. Theodore H. Maiman, a physicist with Hughes Aircraft in California, who built the first operational laser in 1960.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Townes was a native of South Carolina whose family, he said, had arrived before the American Revolution. His \u003ca href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html\" target=\"_blank\">Nobel laureate's biography\u003c/a> hints at his wide-ranging interests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Charles Hard Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on July 28, 1915, the son of Henry Keith Townes, an attorney, and Ellen (Hard) Townes. He attended the Greenville public schools and then Furman University in Greenville, where he completed the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree in Physics and the Bachelor of Arts degree in Modern Languages, graduating summa cum laude in 1935, at the age of 19. ... He was also interested in natural history while at Furman, serving as curator of the museum, and working during the summers as collector for Furman's biology camp. In addition, he was busy with other activities, including the swimming team, the college newspaper and the football band.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4918.html\" target=\"_blank\">an oral history interview\u003c/a> with the American Institute of Physics, Townes recalled his experience seeking a physics degree at Furman:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I was very entranced by physics, partly because of its logic, and because it dealt with the real world. Mathematics was logic enough, but I liked to deal with the real world, and as I saw it, physics really did that, and was a beautiful subject because things could be figured out if you worked at it. Now, that college didn't have very much physics. It graduated maybe about one physics major per year, and my last year, there were no other students than I, and so I just studied the book and worked the problems. That was the course. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remember very well some of the excitement of some of the first physics. Newton's Laws themselves I found really just tremendous. That was my first exposure to physics. That was when I was a sophomore. Then when I was a junior, I studied a book. I largely studied by myself because there was only one other student in the course, and the professor didn't lecture very much. I remember very vividly, I was at my grandmother's mountain house up in the mountains one summer, and I thought, well, let's start studying the book and get ahead a little bit. I sat up in the woods overlooking a stream, and I remember very well the rock I was sitting on and the stream and the woods around, just exactly how it looked. I read for the first time about special relativity, and that was just a tremendous experience, to see what could be found out by reason, and a whole new view of what time and space were like.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/NgsZaBw2OD8\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charles H. Townes, a pioneering physicist who won \u003ca href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html\" target=\"_blank\">a Nobel Prize in 1964\u003c/a> for his role in developing the laser, has died at age 99.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley, where Townes was still a professor emeritus, said he died Tuesday in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a short video made last year shortly before his 99th birthday (embedded above), Townes said that physics was a matter of ongoing exploration and pleasure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've practically never worked a day in my life,\" Townes said. \"I've just had fun doing physics.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2015/01/27/nobel-laureate-and-laser-inventor-charles-townes-dies-at-99/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley's obituary on Townes\u003c/a> describes the moment of inspiration that led eventually to development of the laser:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Townes was 35 in the spring of 1951 when, seated on a park bench among blooming azaleas in Washington, D.C., he was struck by the solution to a longstanding problem, how to create a pure beam of short-wavelength, high-frequency light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That revelation – not much different from a religious revelation, Townes believed – eventually led to the first laser, a now ubiquitous device common in medicine, telecommunication, entertainment and science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then a professor at Columbia University and a consultant for Bell Telephone Laboratories, Townes had transitioned from working on radar during World War II to using shorter wavelengths of light to study the energy states of molecules, a field called spectroscopy. The problem bedeviling him was how to create an intense beam of microwave energy to use as a probe. Albert Einstein proposed in 1917 that the right wavelength of light can stimulate an excited atom to emit light of the same wavelength, essentially amplifying it, but Townes was stymied by how to corral a gas of excited atoms without them flying apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His revelatory solution allowed him to separate excited from non-excited molecules and store them in a resonant cavity, so that when a microwave traveled through the gas, the molecules were stimulated to emit microwaves in step with one another: a coherent burst. He and his students built such a device using ammonia gas in 1954 and dubbed it a maser, for microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years later, in 1958, he and his brother-in-law and future Nobelist Arthur Schawlow conceived the idea of doing the same thing with optical light, but using mirrors at the ends of a gas tube to amplify the light to get an “optical maser.” Bell Labs patented the laser, while Townes retained the patent on the maser, which he turned over to a nonprofit. Townes’ appointment as director of research for the U.S. government’s Institute of Defense Analysis in 1959 slowed his efforts to build an optical device, opening the door for Theodore Maiman to demonstrate the first laser – light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation – in 1960.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As t\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/01/29/us/charles-h-townes-physicist-who-helped-develop-lasers-dies-at-99.html?hp&action=click&pgtype=Homepage&module=second-column-region®ion=top-news&WT.nav=top-news&_r=1&utm_content=buffer5f0f6&utm_medium=social&utm_source=twitter.com&utm_campaign=buffer\" target=\"_blank\">he New York Times says\u003c/a>, the scientific and practical import of Townes' and his colleagues' work is almost impossible to exaggerate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>One of the most versatile inventions of the 20th century, the laser amplifies waves of stimulated atoms that shoot out as narrow beams of light, to read CDs and bar codes, guide missiles, cut steel, perform eye surgery, make astronomical measurements and carry out myriad other tasks, from transmitting a thousand books a second over fiber optic lines to entertaining crowds with light shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technological revolution spawned by lasers, laying foundations for much of the gadgetry and scientific knowledge the world now takes for granted, was given enormous momentum by the discoveries of Dr. Townes and — because almost nothing important in science is done in isolation — by the contributions of colleagues and competitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thus, Dr. Townes shared his Nobel with Nikolai G. Basov and Aleksandr M. Prokhorov, of the Lebedev Institute for Physics in Moscow, whom he had never met. It was Dr. Townes and Dr. Arthur L. Schawlow who wrote the 1958 paper “Infrared and Optical Masers,” describing a device to produce laser light, and secured a patent for it. A graduate student, R. Gordon Gould, came up with insights on how to build it, and named it a laser, for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. And it was Dr. Theodore H. Maiman, a physicist with Hughes Aircraft in California, who built the first operational laser in 1960.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Townes was a native of South Carolina whose family, he said, had arrived before the American Revolution. His \u003ca href=\"http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1964/townes-bio.html\" target=\"_blank\">Nobel laureate's biography\u003c/a> hints at his wide-ranging interests:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Charles Hard Townes was born in Greenville, South Carolina, on July 28, 1915, the son of Henry Keith Townes, an attorney, and Ellen (Hard) Townes. He attended the Greenville public schools and then Furman University in Greenville, where he completed the requirements for the Bachelor of Science degree in Physics and the Bachelor of Arts degree in Modern Languages, graduating summa cum laude in 1935, at the age of 19. ... He was also interested in natural history while at Furman, serving as curator of the museum, and working during the summers as collector for Furman's biology camp. In addition, he was busy with other activities, including the swimming team, the college newspaper and the football band.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4918.html\" target=\"_blank\">an oral history interview\u003c/a> with the American Institute of Physics, Townes recalled his experience seeking a physics degree at Furman:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>I was very entranced by physics, partly because of its logic, and because it dealt with the real world. Mathematics was logic enough, but I liked to deal with the real world, and as I saw it, physics really did that, and was a beautiful subject because things could be figured out if you worked at it. Now, that college didn't have very much physics. It graduated maybe about one physics major per year, and my last year, there were no other students than I, and so I just studied the book and worked the problems. That was the course. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I remember very well some of the excitement of some of the first physics. Newton's Laws themselves I found really just tremendous. That was my first exposure to physics. That was when I was a sophomore. Then when I was a junior, I studied a book. I largely studied by myself because there was only one other student in the course, and the professor didn't lecture very much. I remember very vividly, I was at my grandmother's mountain house up in the mountains one summer, and I thought, well, let's start studying the book and get ahead a little bit. I sat up in the woods overlooking a stream, and I remember very well the rock I was sitting on and the stream and the woods around, just exactly how it looked. I read for the first time about special relativity, and that was just a tremendous experience, to see what could be found out by reason, and a whole new view of what time and space were like.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over the last month, the Black Student Union at UC Berkeley has organized three separate events to protest police killings of unarmed black men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students have marched on the streets, through local businesses and sat in at cafes. The demonstrations have allowed students to grieve, heal and show solidarity with protesters in Ferguson and Staten Island. But they have also been a way to express concerns about race relations at Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’m not going to be the last black student at Cal, so it’s time now we start trying to make change.’\u003ccite>Blake Simons, Cal senior\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Cal senior Blake Simons feels “extremely blessed and grateful” to be a student at UC Berkeley. But he is also unhappy with the racist experiences he’s had while attending school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to be the last black student at Cal, so it’s time now we start trying to make change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BSU first \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/12/04/breaking-cal-students-hold-black-lives-matter-rally/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">organized a 4½-hour occupation of Golden Bear Caf\u003c/a>e on Dec. 4, designed to last the same amount of time the body of Michael Brown was left on a Ferguson, Missouri, street after he was killed by a white police officer. On Dec. 13, students peacefully marched from Berkeley to join the Millions March in Oakland. Most recently, BSU organized Black Brunch, where protesters marched through \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2015/01/05/black-students-march-through-fourth-street-shopping-district/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">breakfast spots on Berkeley’s Fourth Street\u003c/a>. The Jan. 3 event was meant to be reminiscent of sit-ins during the civil rights movement, when black protesters would peacefully occupy restaurants they weren’t allowed in, Simons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He emphasized that all three protests were peaceful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eniola Abioye, a senior studying integrative biology who co-led all three protests, said organizing the events has helped her feel less frustrated and helpless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having platforms for black people to be able to speak and other people are listening — that’s empowering for us,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”is12gEvjxLWDhHdazx53xI5zJzBMJ0tZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior Gabrielle Shuman, co-chair of political affairs for BSU, said students have been adamant that their protests are part of a larger movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about our problems as Cal students. This is about black people in America,” she said. That being said, “Within that, we feel it’s important to tell our stories as black students at Cal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students have also expressed their own campus experiences through spoken word and poetry, according to freshman Zaynab AbdulQadir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Jan. 3 protest, students sent out a press release that referenced the 2014 Campus Climate Survey that found half of black students at UC Berkeley felt prejudged by faculty based on their identity or background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey revealed that 50 percent of black students felt they didn’t have the same opportunities for success as their classmates, and various racial/ethnic groups unanimously agreed that black students had some of the worst conditions on campus regarding climate and respect from peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since California adopted Proposition 209 in 1998, which forbade UC schools from using race as a criterion for admission, the percentage of black UC Berkeley students has been halved. In 2012, there were 874 African-American undergraduate students, about 3 percent of the total student body, according to a UC Berkeley diversity census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s pretty hard when you don’t see people like you, when you don’t see people who have a similar perspective,” said Spencer Pritchard, a senior. He described being in a lecture hall with hundreds of students but few black students as “isolating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They see me as a black student before they see me as a UC Berkeley student.’\u003cem>Zaynab \u003c/em>\u003ccite>AbdulQadir, Cal freshmen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Shuman said it’s difficult to articulate the negative experiences felt by black students because other students usually aren’t blatantly racist, she said. Rather, students might appropriate black culture or make fun of being “ghetto.” Students might make black jokes or say, “Is it OK if I say n—– around you? Do you mind that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons said his first experience of racism at Cal was when a racial slur was carved on a wall in a Clark Kerr dormitory, where he lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also recalls a professor using a racial slur in class to say, “I don’t understand why hip-hop artists call each other n—–.” Being one of the few black students in class, Simons remembers the whole room staring at him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abioye said her negative classroom experiences have mostly involved fellow students — she’s one of the few black students in her department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people assume that I can’t do the work or I’m not smart,” she said, adding that the assumptions show when the students are asked to form groups or work together in class and some students don’t want to work with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abioye, who is originally from Oakland, attended a predominantly black high school. As a freshman, she didn’t live on an African-American themed floor. It was an abrupt transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two black people lived on the floor, and we were expected to represent all black people,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pritchard said his friends have been targets of racial slurs hurled by drunken students while passing fraternity row on their way home. “It definitely happens all the time and it’s hard to deal with,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been other issues with fraternities. During Shuman’s freshman year, the fraternity Theta Delta Chi, which happens to be located across the street from a dormitory that has an African-American theme program, hung a “zombie” Halloween decoration — a pair of jeans and a shirt stuffed with straw topped with a gray head — from a noose outside their building for their annual charity Halloween party. The zombie looked like a black man, Shuman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were outraged and disgusted,” she said. Students took the issue to student government and the fraternity took the decoration down and apologized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10408164\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/students-in-front-of-Afro-house-720x480.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10408164 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/students-in-front-of-Afro-house-720x480.jpg\" alt=\"Spencer Pritchard, Gabrielle Shuman and Blake Simons stand in front of the Afro House, an African-American-themed residence owned and operated by the Berkeley Student Cooperative, which is a nonprofit student-run cooperative housing organization. Most of its members attend UC Berkeley.\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/students-in-front-of-Afro-house-720x480.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/students-in-front-of-Afro-house-720x480-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spencer Pritchard, Gabrielle Shuman and Blake Simons stand in front of the Afro House, an African-American-themed residence owned and operated by the Berkeley Student Cooperative, which is a nonprofit student-run cooperative housing organization. Most of its members attend UC Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Mara Van Ells/Berkeleyside)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the places where black students on campus feel safe is the Afro House, an African-American themed student co-op, said Shuman. It’s also affordable. She said 19 or 20 of the 21 students that live there are black. Several other first-year students eat meals and participate in activities at the house, through the Donald Foster Boarder Scholarship program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For about 10 years, no black students lived at the house, Shuman said. In 2011-2012, one black woman lived at the Afro House; the following year six black men, including Pritchard, lived in the house. The group, who called themselves the Afro Six, launched a campaign to reclaim the space. By 2013-2014, all but one resident of the house identified as black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t come across a lot of space by and for black students. We really, really have to fight for it,” Shuman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshman AbdulQadir lives on an African-American theme floor in her dormitory. Although she’s able to surround herself with students who have similar viewpoints, she said she experiences many micro-aggressions on campus every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They see me as a black student before they see me as a UC Berkeley student,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that campus climate is an issue is “not news” to the administration, said Gibor Basri, vice-chancellor for Equity and Inclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basri, who created his position more than seven years ago, said improving the campus climate has been one of the top strategic goals since the Equity and Inclusion Department was founded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Campus Climate Survey, which included questions such as, “Do you feel excluded from study groups or social situations?” and “Do the faculty make assumptions about you?” produced “confirmatory” data that black staff, students and faculty feel the least included of any of the groups identified within the survey, Basri said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basri noted that the survey showed that most exclusionary incidents occurred between students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People seem to think faculty to student is the issue, but that was minor compared to student to student,” he said. However, Basri added that faculty is responsible for what goes on in their classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey, which was taken by students across the UC system in 2013, showed a correlation between the perceived respect level that specific groups have on campus and the number of students of that group attending a university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the climate issue as essentially one of critical mass,” said Basri. “We just don’t have enough [African-American] students [at UC Berkeley] so they don’t feel isolated,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 40 percent of all students accepted by Cal go on to attend the school. If more of the admitted black students would attend Cal, that could help solve the problem, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking to get outside agencies, foundations, whatever to provide targeted financial aid,” Basri said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university is also trying to attract more transfer students. Generally, transfer students are a more diverse population than the freshman class, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides increasing the black student population, the department will continue funding innovation grants that encourage students and staff to propose projects that could improve equity and inclusion, Basri said. “A number of nice initiatives” have come from past innovation grants such as Bears Baking Bread, which brought together Palestinian and Israeli students to bake bread together and have dialogue, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the campus climate survey findings, a number of new initiatives will take place in the spring. There will be several symposiums focused on the climate for racial minorities on campus and graduate student instructor training will include discussion of climate issues. Staff will receive an email about the issues and a group of about 10 faculty members are working out how to get instructors into a room to discuss the issue, Basri said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A professor from the psychology department hopes to make climate on campus the focus of special discussion sessions within a new course called Critical Dialogues. Students would be encouraged to take what they learn back to their dorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several years, Basri said, black administrators have held monthly breakfasts where students can attend and discuss issues. Three top administrators at the school are black: Basri, Vice-Chancellor Harry Le Grande and Executive Vice-Chancellor and Provost Claude Steele. Vice-Chancellor of Student Affairs for Residential and Student Service Programs, LeNorman Strong, is also African-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shuman said representatives from BSU plan to meet with administration in February to discuss conditions for black students on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these efforts, many students feel the university isn’t doing enough. “If they really prioritized or cared about students, I’d hope they’d be doing way more than they are,” Simons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he acknowledged that black faculty has been supportive of black students, particularly after \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/12/14/anonymous-artist-collective-claims-responsibility-for-lynching-effigies-erected-at-cal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effigies hung around campus by an anonymous artist collective\u003c/a> left many students traumatized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They staged a protest during finals week when they knew we were taking finals, which meant a lot to black students,” he said. Counseling hours were extended for black student during finals, AbdulQadir said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons said he’s speaking up to make the university a better place where students are treated fairly and equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all my goals are,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED News Associate \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a> is an independently owned news website based in Berkeley, Calif. \u003ca href=\"http://eepurl.com/lh_3b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here\u003c/a> if you would you like to receive the latest Berkeley news in your inbox once a day for free with Berkeleyside’s Daily Briefing email.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Black Lives Matter protests have helped some black Cal students find voice on daily racism on campus.",
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"title": "Recent Protests Strike Personal Chord For Some UC Berkeley Students | KQED",
"description": "Black Lives Matter protests have helped some black Cal students find voice on daily racism on campus.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the last month, the Black Student Union at UC Berkeley has organized three separate events to protest police killings of unarmed black men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students have marched on the streets, through local businesses and sat in at cafes. The demonstrations have allowed students to grieve, heal and show solidarity with protesters in Ferguson and Staten Island. But they have also been a way to express concerns about race relations at Cal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’m not going to be the last black student at Cal, so it’s time now we start trying to make change.’\u003ccite>Blake Simons, Cal senior\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Cal senior Blake Simons feels “extremely blessed and grateful” to be a student at UC Berkeley. But he is also unhappy with the racist experiences he’s had while attending school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to be the last black student at Cal, so it’s time now we start trying to make change,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BSU first \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/12/04/breaking-cal-students-hold-black-lives-matter-rally/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">organized a 4½-hour occupation of Golden Bear Caf\u003c/a>e on Dec. 4, designed to last the same amount of time the body of Michael Brown was left on a Ferguson, Missouri, street after he was killed by a white police officer. On Dec. 13, students peacefully marched from Berkeley to join the Millions March in Oakland. Most recently, BSU organized Black Brunch, where protesters marched through \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2015/01/05/black-students-march-through-fourth-street-shopping-district/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">breakfast spots on Berkeley’s Fourth Street\u003c/a>. The Jan. 3 event was meant to be reminiscent of sit-ins during the civil rights movement, when black protesters would peacefully occupy restaurants they weren’t allowed in, Simons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He emphasized that all three protests were peaceful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eniola Abioye, a senior studying integrative biology who co-led all three protests, said organizing the events has helped her feel less frustrated and helpless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Having platforms for black people to be able to speak and other people are listening — that’s empowering for us,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Junior Gabrielle Shuman, co-chair of political affairs for BSU, said students have been adamant that their protests are part of a larger movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just about our problems as Cal students. This is about black people in America,” she said. That being said, “Within that, we feel it’s important to tell our stories as black students at Cal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students have also expressed their own campus experiences through spoken word and poetry, according to freshman Zaynab AbdulQadir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Jan. 3 protest, students sent out a press release that referenced the 2014 Campus Climate Survey that found half of black students at UC Berkeley felt prejudged by faculty based on their identity or background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey revealed that 50 percent of black students felt they didn’t have the same opportunities for success as their classmates, and various racial/ethnic groups unanimously agreed that black students had some of the worst conditions on campus regarding climate and respect from peers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since California adopted Proposition 209 in 1998, which forbade UC schools from using race as a criterion for admission, the percentage of black UC Berkeley students has been halved. In 2012, there were 874 African-American undergraduate students, about 3 percent of the total student body, according to a UC Berkeley diversity census.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s pretty hard when you don’t see people like you, when you don’t see people who have a similar perspective,” said Spencer Pritchard, a senior. He described being in a lecture hall with hundreds of students but few black students as “isolating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They see me as a black student before they see me as a UC Berkeley student.’\u003cem>Zaynab \u003c/em>\u003ccite>AbdulQadir, Cal freshmen\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Shuman said it’s difficult to articulate the negative experiences felt by black students because other students usually aren’t blatantly racist, she said. Rather, students might appropriate black culture or make fun of being “ghetto.” Students might make black jokes or say, “Is it OK if I say n—– around you? Do you mind that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons said his first experience of racism at Cal was when a racial slur was carved on a wall in a Clark Kerr dormitory, where he lived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also recalls a professor using a racial slur in class to say, “I don’t understand why hip-hop artists call each other n—–.” Being one of the few black students in class, Simons remembers the whole room staring at him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abioye said her negative classroom experiences have mostly involved fellow students — she’s one of the few black students in her department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of people assume that I can’t do the work or I’m not smart,” she said, adding that the assumptions show when the students are asked to form groups or work together in class and some students don’t want to work with her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abioye, who is originally from Oakland, attended a predominantly black high school. As a freshman, she didn’t live on an African-American themed floor. It was an abrupt transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two black people lived on the floor, and we were expected to represent all black people,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pritchard said his friends have been targets of racial slurs hurled by drunken students while passing fraternity row on their way home. “It definitely happens all the time and it’s hard to deal with,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been other issues with fraternities. During Shuman’s freshman year, the fraternity Theta Delta Chi, which happens to be located across the street from a dormitory that has an African-American theme program, hung a “zombie” Halloween decoration — a pair of jeans and a shirt stuffed with straw topped with a gray head — from a noose outside their building for their annual charity Halloween party. The zombie looked like a black man, Shuman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were outraged and disgusted,” she said. Students took the issue to student government and the fraternity took the decoration down and apologized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10408164\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/students-in-front-of-Afro-house-720x480.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10408164 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/students-in-front-of-Afro-house-720x480.jpg\" alt=\"Spencer Pritchard, Gabrielle Shuman and Blake Simons stand in front of the Afro House, an African-American-themed residence owned and operated by the Berkeley Student Cooperative, which is a nonprofit student-run cooperative housing organization. Most of its members attend UC Berkeley.\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/students-in-front-of-Afro-house-720x480.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/01/students-in-front-of-Afro-house-720x480-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Spencer Pritchard, Gabrielle Shuman and Blake Simons stand in front of the Afro House, an African-American-themed residence owned and operated by the Berkeley Student Cooperative, which is a nonprofit student-run cooperative housing organization. Most of its members attend UC Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Mara Van Ells/Berkeleyside)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the places where black students on campus feel safe is the Afro House, an African-American themed student co-op, said Shuman. It’s also affordable. She said 19 or 20 of the 21 students that live there are black. Several other first-year students eat meals and participate in activities at the house, through the Donald Foster Boarder Scholarship program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For about 10 years, no black students lived at the house, Shuman said. In 2011-2012, one black woman lived at the Afro House; the following year six black men, including Pritchard, lived in the house. The group, who called themselves the Afro Six, launched a campaign to reclaim the space. By 2013-2014, all but one resident of the house identified as black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t come across a lot of space by and for black students. We really, really have to fight for it,” Shuman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshman AbdulQadir lives on an African-American theme floor in her dormitory. Although she’s able to surround herself with students who have similar viewpoints, she said she experiences many micro-aggressions on campus every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They see me as a black student before they see me as a UC Berkeley student,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fact that campus climate is an issue is “not news” to the administration, said Gibor Basri, vice-chancellor for Equity and Inclusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basri, who created his position more than seven years ago, said improving the campus climate has been one of the top strategic goals since the Equity and Inclusion Department was founded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Campus Climate Survey, which included questions such as, “Do you feel excluded from study groups or social situations?” and “Do the faculty make assumptions about you?” produced “confirmatory” data that black staff, students and faculty feel the least included of any of the groups identified within the survey, Basri said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basri noted that the survey showed that most exclusionary incidents occurred between students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People seem to think faculty to student is the issue, but that was minor compared to student to student,” he said. However, Basri added that faculty is responsible for what goes on in their classrooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The survey, which was taken by students across the UC system in 2013, showed a correlation between the perceived respect level that specific groups have on campus and the number of students of that group attending a university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the climate issue as essentially one of critical mass,” said Basri. “We just don’t have enough [African-American] students [at UC Berkeley] so they don’t feel isolated,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 40 percent of all students accepted by Cal go on to attend the school. If more of the admitted black students would attend Cal, that could help solve the problem, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking to get outside agencies, foundations, whatever to provide targeted financial aid,” Basri said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university is also trying to attract more transfer students. Generally, transfer students are a more diverse population than the freshman class, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides increasing the black student population, the department will continue funding innovation grants that encourage students and staff to propose projects that could improve equity and inclusion, Basri said. “A number of nice initiatives” have come from past innovation grants such as Bears Baking Bread, which brought together Palestinian and Israeli students to bake bread together and have dialogue, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the campus climate survey findings, a number of new initiatives will take place in the spring. There will be several symposiums focused on the climate for racial minorities on campus and graduate student instructor training will include discussion of climate issues. Staff will receive an email about the issues and a group of about 10 faculty members are working out how to get instructors into a room to discuss the issue, Basri said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A professor from the psychology department hopes to make climate on campus the focus of special discussion sessions within a new course called Critical Dialogues. Students would be encouraged to take what they learn back to their dorms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several years, Basri said, black administrators have held monthly breakfasts where students can attend and discuss issues. Three top administrators at the school are black: Basri, Vice-Chancellor Harry Le Grande and Executive Vice-Chancellor and Provost Claude Steele. Vice-Chancellor of Student Affairs for Residential and Student Service Programs, LeNorman Strong, is also African-American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shuman said representatives from BSU plan to meet with administration in February to discuss conditions for black students on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite these efforts, many students feel the university isn’t doing enough. “If they really prioritized or cared about students, I’d hope they’d be doing way more than they are,” Simons said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, he acknowledged that black faculty has been supportive of black students, particularly after \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/12/14/anonymous-artist-collective-claims-responsibility-for-lynching-effigies-erected-at-cal/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">effigies hung around campus by an anonymous artist collective\u003c/a> left many students traumatized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They staged a protest during finals week when they knew we were taking finals, which meant a lot to black students,” he said. Counseling hours were extended for black student during finals, AbdulQadir said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Simons said he’s speaking up to make the university a better place where students are treated fairly and equally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all my goals are,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED News Associate \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berkeleyside\u003c/a> is an independently owned news website based in Berkeley, Calif. \u003ca href=\"http://eepurl.com/lh_3b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Click here\u003c/a> if you would you like to receive the latest Berkeley news in your inbox once a day for free with Berkeleyside’s Daily Briefing email.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Artist Group Claims Responsibility for Noose Effigies at Cal ",
"title": "Artist Group Claims Responsibility for Noose Effigies at Cal ",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5 p.m. Sunday: \u003c/strong> An anonymous artists’ collective has taken responsibility for the effigies strung up in nooses at UC Berkeley on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement from the collective:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We are a collective of queer and POC artists responsible for the images of historical lynchings posted to several locations in Berkeley and Oakland,” reads a notice the group found posted on campus Sunday. “These images connect past events to present ones – referencing endemic faultlines of hatred and persecution that are and should be deeply unsettling to the American consciousness. We choose to remain anonymous because this is not about us as artists, but about the growing movement to address these pervasive wrongs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those who think these images are no longer relevant to the social framework in which black Americans exist everyday – we respectfully disagree. Garner, Brown, and others are victims of systemic racism. For those who think these images depict crimes and attitudes too distasteful to be seen .. we respectfully disagree. Our society must never forget. For those under the mistaken assumption that the images themselves were intended as an act of racism – we vehemently disagree and intended only the confrontation of historical context.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We apologize solely and profusely to Black Americans who felt further attacked by this work. We are sorry – your pain is ours, our families’, our history’s. To all, each image represents a true life ended by an unimaginable act of ignorance and human cruelty: Laura Nelson, George Meadows, Michael Donald, Charlie Hale, Garfield Burley, Curtis Brown. We urge you to further research the lives and deaths of these individuals. History must be confronted.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/autonomyroad/status/544293400095121408\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pablo Gonzalez, a Cal professor of Chicano studies, said the notice above was posted on a bulletin board on the UC Berkeley campus and passed on to him. He, in turn, posted it on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeleyside has reached out to multiple individuals affiliated with the collective to try to talk directly with them, but has not to this point received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:45 p.m. Sunday:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley Chancellor Nicholas Dirks sent the following message to the campus community shortly before 1 p.m. Sunday. It appears below in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll down for details of the noose incident, information from police about what took place on campus Saturday and an interview with a UC Berkeley professor who is an expert on the psychology of race relations. The statement from Nicholas Dirks follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Dear campus community,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday morning, two hanging effigies were left on Sather Gate with reports of a third elsewhere on campus. We are not sure about the intent of these effigies as one contained the words “Can’t Breathe,” but nonetheless, the imagery was deeply disturbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The African American community has historically faced the terrorism of lynchings used in an attempt to suppress and control. While we do not know the intent of the effigies, the impact that it has had on our campus community is undeniable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No individual or group has claimed responsibility. If you were responsible for this, we invite you to come forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We must all be vigilant to ensure that we are creating a campus environment that allows for the free exchange of ideas and doesn’t frighten or intimidate people. Our campus climate reminds us that we still have great deal of work to do to make this campus a welcoming place for all members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have been and will continue to work with the student leadership, the Black Student Union and others on campus staff and groups to create opportunities to address the concerns and develop a plan for improving our campus climate, not only related to these effigies but also the events of the past several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recognize the stress and anxiety that current events are generating for the members of our extended community, and have faith that we will emerge stronger and more unified, precisely through our commitment to realizing the inclusion and justice that have long been the promise of this institution and this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sincerely,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chancellor Nicholas B. Dirks Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost, Claude Steele\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:30 p.m. Saturday:\u003c/strong> Police are examining the incident. Investigators believe the effigies were connected to a smaller protest in Berkeley at noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley protest organizers said they didn’t know where they came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope that it’s someone who wanted to bring attention to the issue,” said one of the organizers, Spencer Pritchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m. Saturday: \u003c/strong>The Rev.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Michael McBride, who received tweeted photos of the effigies Saturday morning, said “the anonymity connected to that expression, whether it was by antagonists or allies, contributes to the racial terror that black people have to face in the country. We find it radically insensitive at best and a re-inscription of racial terror … and we need everybody to join with us to say #BlackLivesMatter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:40 p.m. Saturday:\u003c/strong> It appears as if one of the effigies hung from Sather Gate is a replica of a famous photo of a young man who was lynched in 1911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:30 p.m.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Saturday:\u003c/strong> One of the effigies is a cardboard cutout of a woman with “#I Can’t Breathe,” and “Laura Nelson 1911” written on it. Nelson and her son, L.D. Nelson, were lynched on May 25, 1911, in Oklahoma, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L.D._Nelson\">according to Wikipedia.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/pastormykmac/status/543874329587372033/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lynchings happened after the deputy sheriff and three others arrived at the Nelson home on May 2 to investigate the theft of a cow. L.D. Nelson shot and killed the deputy sheriff, and he and Laura Nelson, who had also touched the gun, were charged with murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-179073 size-medium\" src=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Screen-Shot-2014-12-13-at-1.38.49-PM-251x360.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2014-12-13 at 1.38.49 PM\" width=\"251\" height=\"360\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At around midnight on May 24, Laura and L.D. Nelson were both kidnapped from their cells by a group of between a dozen and 40 men,” according to Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sightseers gathered on the bridge the following morning and photographs of the hanging bodies were sold as postcards; the one of Laura is the only known surviving photograph of a female lynching victim. No one was ever charged with the murders; the district judge convened a grand jury, but the killers were never identified.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:10 p.m. Saturday: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://mendoza-denton.socialpsychology.org/\">Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley professor and national expert on intergroup relations — particularly related to race — said Saturday afternoon that he had been upset to learn about the effigies on campus earlier in the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it’s commentary or provocation, it’s atrocious,” he said. “It’s just mean, period. And heartless. And whoever did that simply needs to grow up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza-Denton said it’s difficult to know exactly how to interpret the effigies, whether as a “thoughtless joke” or “straight-up inflammatory racist behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It falls somewhere along the line between prank and consciously racist messaging,” he said. “But it doesn’t matter. It’s absolutely thoughtless and wrong. Given the volatility of the situation, it’s just damaging to everybody. It’s a very public and clear example that racism exists at all levels of society, and it’s precisely the kind of symbol that protesters are protesting against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza-Denton said he has been keeping a close eye on this past week’s protests in Berkeley, and had been sad to see all the broken windows in businesses downtown as he drove through the area Saturday. He said he does not support the violence but, “at the same time, there’s a lot of pent-up frustration and anger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza-Denton said, beyond the protests, the community needs a forum to come together for healing and communication. A week and a half ago, the UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/12/04/breaking-cal-students-hold-black-lives-matter-rally/\">Black Student Union held one such event on campus\u003c/a>, and Berkeley High students along with REALM Charter School students staged a \u003ca title=\"Black Lives Matter protest by hundreds of Berkeley High students ‘shows how it’s done’\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/12/11/black-lives-matter-protest-by-hundreds-of-berkeley-high-students-shows-how-its-done/\">walkout and rally\u003c/a>, which culminated with a “die-in” on the UC Berkeley campus several days ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza-Denton said there have been a number of informal forums, but that nothing large-scale has been planned by the university to his knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to come together to heal,” he said. “There are a lot of different factions, a lot of different voices, and not a lot of control over the messaging one way or another. We need a forum to help us process these very emotionally laden, very relevant events. But that has to be a two-way street. It has to be a dialogue. And there’s got to be goodwill. And effigies are the very antithesis of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 12:26 p.m.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Saturday:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley spokeswoman Claire Holmes called Berkeleyside back to clarify some information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said University of California Police Department officers found two effigies hanging from Sather Gate on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also saw a photo of a third effigy in an area they think was the Campanile. When police went to remove it, they could not find it, said Holmes. Police believe that someone else took it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the effigies hanging from Sather Gate had “Can’t Breathe,” written on it. Eric Garner kept saying that when Staten Island police held him in a chokehold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effigies were life-size, she said They were cardboard cutouts, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley Police received its first call about the matter at 9:10 a.m., she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update 12:07 p.m. Saturday: \u003c/strong>UC police found three effigies hanging from a noose on the UC Berkeley campus this morning, according to Claire Holmes, a university spokeswoman. There was some writing on the effigies, including “Put Your Hands Up,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effigies were found at Sather Gate and around the Campanile, she said. No suspects have been detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unclear what the intent was,,” said Holmes. “It could be that these are related to police violence and the protests that are going on in Ferguson. It could be racially motivated as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police are combing the campus to see if there are any others, said Holmes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/pastormykmac/status/543819696181493760/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original story, 11:54 a.m.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Saturday:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley police have confirmed that someone strung up an effigy from Sather Gate around 9 a.m., three hours before a #BlackLivesMatter march was scheduled to begin. It has been taken down. Berkeleyside will update this story as more information becomes available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you rely on Berkeleyside for your local news? You can support independent local journalism by \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/support-berkeleyside/\">becoming a Berkeleyside member\u003c/a>. You can choose either a monthly payment or a one-time donation.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5 p.m. Sunday: \u003c/strong> An anonymous artists’ collective has taken responsibility for the effigies strung up in nooses at UC Berkeley on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement from the collective:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We are a collective of queer and POC artists responsible for the images of historical lynchings posted to several locations in Berkeley and Oakland,” reads a notice the group found posted on campus Sunday. “These images connect past events to present ones – referencing endemic faultlines of hatred and persecution that are and should be deeply unsettling to the American consciousness. We choose to remain anonymous because this is not about us as artists, but about the growing movement to address these pervasive wrongs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For those who think these images are no longer relevant to the social framework in which black Americans exist everyday – we respectfully disagree. Garner, Brown, and others are victims of systemic racism. For those who think these images depict crimes and attitudes too distasteful to be seen .. we respectfully disagree. Our society must never forget. For those under the mistaken assumption that the images themselves were intended as an act of racism – we vehemently disagree and intended only the confrontation of historical context.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We apologize solely and profusely to Black Americans who felt further attacked by this work. We are sorry – your pain is ours, our families’, our history’s. To all, each image represents a true life ended by an unimaginable act of ignorance and human cruelty: Laura Nelson, George Meadows, Michael Donald, Charlie Hale, Garfield Burley, Curtis Brown. We urge you to further research the lives and deaths of these individuals. History must be confronted.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Pablo Gonzalez, a Cal professor of Chicano studies, said the notice above was posted on a bulletin board on the UC Berkeley campus and passed on to him. He, in turn, posted it on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeleyside has reached out to multiple individuals affiliated with the collective to try to talk directly with them, but has not to this point received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:45 p.m. Sunday:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley Chancellor Nicholas Dirks sent the following message to the campus community shortly before 1 p.m. Sunday. It appears below in full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scroll down for details of the noose incident, information from police about what took place on campus Saturday and an interview with a UC Berkeley professor who is an expert on the psychology of race relations. The statement from Nicholas Dirks follows:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Dear campus community,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday morning, two hanging effigies were left on Sather Gate with reports of a third elsewhere on campus. We are not sure about the intent of these effigies as one contained the words “Can’t Breathe,” but nonetheless, the imagery was deeply disturbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The African American community has historically faced the terrorism of lynchings used in an attempt to suppress and control. While we do not know the intent of the effigies, the impact that it has had on our campus community is undeniable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No individual or group has claimed responsibility. If you were responsible for this, we invite you to come forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We must all be vigilant to ensure that we are creating a campus environment that allows for the free exchange of ideas and doesn’t frighten or intimidate people. Our campus climate reminds us that we still have great deal of work to do to make this campus a welcoming place for all members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We have been and will continue to work with the student leadership, the Black Student Union and others on campus staff and groups to create opportunities to address the concerns and develop a plan for improving our campus climate, not only related to these effigies but also the events of the past several weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recognize the stress and anxiety that current events are generating for the members of our extended community, and have faith that we will emerge stronger and more unified, precisely through our commitment to realizing the inclusion and justice that have long been the promise of this institution and this country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sincerely,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chancellor Nicholas B. Dirks Executive Vice Chancellor and Provost, Claude Steele\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 8:30 p.m. Saturday:\u003c/strong> Police are examining the incident. Investigators believe the effigies were connected to a smaller protest in Berkeley at noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley protest organizers said they didn’t know where they came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We hope that it’s someone who wanted to bring attention to the issue,” said one of the organizers, Spencer Pritchard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m. Saturday: \u003c/strong>The Rev.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Michael McBride, who received tweeted photos of the effigies Saturday morning, said “the anonymity connected to that expression, whether it was by antagonists or allies, contributes to the racial terror that black people have to face in the country. We find it radically insensitive at best and a re-inscription of racial terror … and we need everybody to join with us to say #BlackLivesMatter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:40 p.m. Saturday:\u003c/strong> It appears as if one of the effigies hung from Sather Gate is a replica of a famous photo of a young man who was lynched in 1911.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:30 p.m.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Saturday:\u003c/strong> One of the effigies is a cardboard cutout of a woman with “#I Can’t Breathe,” and “Laura Nelson 1911” written on it. Nelson and her son, L.D. Nelson, were lynched on May 25, 1911, in Oklahoma, \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynching_of_Laura_and_L.D._Nelson\">according to Wikipedia.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lynchings happened after the deputy sheriff and three others arrived at the Nelson home on May 2 to investigate the theft of a cow. L.D. Nelson shot and killed the deputy sheriff, and he and Laura Nelson, who had also touched the gun, were charged with murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"alignleft wp-image-179073 size-medium\" src=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/Screen-Shot-2014-12-13-at-1.38.49-PM-251x360.png\" alt=\"Screen Shot 2014-12-13 at 1.38.49 PM\" width=\"251\" height=\"360\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At around midnight on May 24, Laura and L.D. Nelson were both kidnapped from their cells by a group of between a dozen and 40 men,” according to Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sightseers gathered on the bridge the following morning and photographs of the hanging bodies were sold as postcards; the one of Laura is the only known surviving photograph of a female lynching victim. No one was ever charged with the murders; the district judge convened a grand jury, but the killers were never identified.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:10 p.m. Saturday: \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"http://mendoza-denton.socialpsychology.org/\">Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton\u003c/a>, a UC Berkeley professor and national expert on intergroup relations — particularly related to race — said Saturday afternoon that he had been upset to learn about the effigies on campus earlier in the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether it’s commentary or provocation, it’s atrocious,” he said. “It’s just mean, period. And heartless. And whoever did that simply needs to grow up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza-Denton said it’s difficult to know exactly how to interpret the effigies, whether as a “thoughtless joke” or “straight-up inflammatory racist behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It falls somewhere along the line between prank and consciously racist messaging,” he said. “But it doesn’t matter. It’s absolutely thoughtless and wrong. Given the volatility of the situation, it’s just damaging to everybody. It’s a very public and clear example that racism exists at all levels of society, and it’s precisely the kind of symbol that protesters are protesting against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza-Denton said he has been keeping a close eye on this past week’s protests in Berkeley, and had been sad to see all the broken windows in businesses downtown as he drove through the area Saturday. He said he does not support the violence but, “at the same time, there’s a lot of pent-up frustration and anger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza-Denton said, beyond the protests, the community needs a forum to come together for healing and communication. A week and a half ago, the UC Berkeley \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/12/04/breaking-cal-students-hold-black-lives-matter-rally/\">Black Student Union held one such event on campus\u003c/a>, and Berkeley High students along with REALM Charter School students staged a \u003ca title=\"Black Lives Matter protest by hundreds of Berkeley High students ‘shows how it’s done’\" href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/12/11/black-lives-matter-protest-by-hundreds-of-berkeley-high-students-shows-how-its-done/\">walkout and rally\u003c/a>, which culminated with a “die-in” on the UC Berkeley campus several days ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza-Denton said there have been a number of informal forums, but that nothing large-scale has been planned by the university to his knowledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to come together to heal,” he said. “There are a lot of different factions, a lot of different voices, and not a lot of control over the messaging one way or another. We need a forum to help us process these very emotionally laden, very relevant events. But that has to be a two-way street. It has to be a dialogue. And there’s got to be goodwill. And effigies are the very antithesis of that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 12:26 p.m.\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>Saturday:\u003c/strong> UC Berkeley spokeswoman Claire Holmes called Berkeleyside back to clarify some information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said University of California Police Department officers found two effigies hanging from Sather Gate on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also saw a photo of a third effigy in an area they think was the Campanile. When police went to remove it, they could not find it, said Holmes. Police believe that someone else took it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the effigies hanging from Sather Gate had “Can’t Breathe,” written on it. Eric Garner kept saying that when Staten Island police held him in a chokehold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effigies were life-size, she said They were cardboard cutouts, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley Police received its first call about the matter at 9:10 a.m., she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update 12:07 p.m. Saturday: \u003c/strong>UC police found three effigies hanging from a noose on the UC Berkeley campus this morning, according to Claire Holmes, a university spokeswoman. There was some writing on the effigies, including “Put Your Hands Up,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effigies were found at Sather Gate and around the Campanile, she said. No suspects have been detained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s unclear what the intent was,,” said Holmes. “It could be that these are related to police violence and the protests that are going on in Ferguson. It could be racially motivated as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police are combing the campus to see if there are any others, said Holmes.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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