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"content": "\u003cp>Senate Democrats now have enough votes to block the Supreme Court nomination under current Senate rules, which require 60 votes to proceed on a nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sets up a showdown later this week that will likely lead to a reinterpretation of Senate rules, so that the nominations of Supreme Court justices can be advanced with 51-vote majorities, rather than the preliminary 60-vote threshold that has long applied to high court nominations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we have to, we will change the rules,\" Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina said during Monday's Judiciary Committee meeting. \"It looks like we're going to have to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham's comment came after two senior Democrats on the committee, Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California and Sen. Patrick Leahy of Vermont, said they'd vote no on cloture for Gorsuch. They were seen as Senate traditionalists who may have voted yes, at least for the preliminary vote, in order to avoid what's long been known as \"the nuclear option.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner of Virginia also announced Monday he'd oppose Gorsuch in a cloture vote. Sen. Chris Coons of Delaware was the 41st Democrat to announce a \"no\" vote on cloture, doing so during the Judiciary Committee meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that a \"nuclear\" showdown appears inevitable, here's how the rest of the week will likely play out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Judiciary Committee is expected to approve Gorsuch on a party line vote, which will send his nomination to the full Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a two-step process on the Senate floor. The key is a procedural vote expected Thursday to end debate on the nomination. That's known as a \"cloture vote,\" and with at least 41 Democrats voting no, the motion to proceed to a final vote will fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at that point, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell would be expected to change the rules that govern the Senate through a series of procedural votes. In the past, enough senators in the majority party have been leery of this rules change to avoid it. But it's clear McConnell would have the votes he needs to invoke the \"nuclear option.\" And while he has not specifically said he will do so, his declarative comments about getting Gorsuch confirmed this week make it clear that McConnell is prepared to make this move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If McConnell were to do so, a second cloture vote would then happen, but at this point, only 51 votes would be needed to end debate and move to a final vote. These are the rules that governed President Trump's Cabinet confirmations, since Democrats changed cloture rules in 2013 for everything \u003cem>but\u003c/em> the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate would then proceed to 30 hours of debate, which is expected to go overnight Thursday into Friday. There will then be a final vote to confirm Gorsuch on Friday, which — after the rules change — would require only a simple majority of 51 senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch is assured confirmation at that point, as he is expected to earn support from all 52 Republicans, as well as at least three Democrats: Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia; Sen. Heidi Heitkamp of North Dakota; and Sen. Joe Donnelly of Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democrats+Have+The+Votes+To+Filibuster+Gorsuch+And+Force+%27Nuclear%27+Senate+Showdown&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ycGeUyezm7s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At his Supreme Court confirmation hearing, Neil Gorsuch pitched himself as a reasonable jurist who would do his best to uphold the rule of law without any bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sitting here, I am acutely aware of my own imperfections,\" the federal appeals court judge told the Senate Judiciary Committee on Monday. \"But I pledge to each of you and to the American people that, if confirmed, I will do all my powers permit to be a faithful servant of the Constitution and laws of our great nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 49-year-old Gorsuch, who was nominated by President Trump in January to succeed the late Justice Antonin Scalia, did his best to strike a chord of unity in his testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"fBWbrNKlqSgbGTI2Yx0N8mS01a8ZAU9L\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his comments followed four hours of opening statements from the committee members in which Democrats made clear they believed it was not Gorsuch who should be sitting before them, but President Obama's original nominee, Merrick Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal judge appeared nonplussed by the Democrats' comments and the perpetual Garland shadow that hung over the first day of testimony. He will take questions from the committee on Tuesday and Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch touted his successful record as a judge on the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, saying that \"97 percent of the 2,700 cases I've decided were decided unanimously -- and that I've been in the majority 99 percent of the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also underscored his commitment to the separation of powers, stating, \"It is for this body, the people's representatives, to make new laws, for the executive to ensure those laws are faithfully enforced, and for neutral and independent judges to apply the law in the people's disputes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: \"If judges were just secret legislators, declaring not what the law is but what they would like it to be, the very idea of a government by the people and for the people would be at risk.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their opening remarks, Republicans on the committee heaped plenty of praise on the federal judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"S0lhGc0ojrO2gqmbApPufsFIxdCMOhy5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His grasp on the separation of powers -- including judicial independence -- enlivens his body of work,\" said committee chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats, meanwhile, repeatedly invoked Garland, who was denied a hearing by Senate Republicans during an election year after Scalia's death in February 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am deeply disappointed that it is under these circumstances that we begin these hearings,\" said Judiciary Committee ranking member Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went on to say that Democrats would give Gorsuch a courtesy that Senate Republicans did not give Garland: a fair hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our job is to determine whether Judge Gorsuch is a reasonable mainstream conservative or is he not,\" Feinstein continued. She then outlined her concerns with some of Gorsuch's past writings that hinted he opposed \u003cem>Roe v. Wade, \u003c/em>calling the case a \"super precedent\" that legalized abortion and gave women a right to privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colorado judge was introduced, as is customary, by his home state's senators. Republican Sen. Cory Gardner underscored that Gorsuch is not \"an activist judge\" and was well qualified to serve on the nation's highest court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"mVZfZ2qcwX1FZL3uqlkRAczlFWrQw6X6\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Michael Bennet of Colorado also had words of praise for Gorsuch, though he, too, decried Senate Republicans' treatment of Garland, calling it \"an embarrassment to this body that will be recorded in history.\" Yet he, like Feinstein, argued that \"two wrongs never make a right\" and said Gorsuch should get a fair hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Obama administration acting Solicitor General Neal Katyal, a Georgetown Law professor, also spoke in support of Gorsuch, calling him a \"first-rate intellect and a fair and decent man\" who had a \"dedication to the rule of law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Katyal also bemoaned the circumstances under which he was nominated, calling it \"a tragedy of national proportions that Merrick Garland does not sit on the court.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the first day of testimony underscored that the hearings would remain sharply divided along party lines, with each senator accusing the opposing side of political posturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, argued that the Senate owes a president discretion in picking his judicial nominees and pointed out that Gorsuch had received the highest rating possible from the American Bar Association, the \"gold standard\" in vetting judicial nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hatch blasted Democrats for wanting Gorsuch to outline how he would vote on certain cases, saying that to them, \"judicial independence requires he be beholden to them and [their] political agenda\" on issues like abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Republicans argued that Gorsuch should be judged on his own merits, legal writings and decisions -- not compared to the man who nominated him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., said, \"The nominee before us today is not President Trump,\" nor is he Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell or Judge Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., joked that he was certainly no fan of Trump during the campaign and made the case that Republicans didn't blockade Garland's nomination to allow Trump to make a nomination because most of them didn't believe Trump would win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"2SMhW5lK0ZzUBiWvjdiiSMSa1fCC1c89\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you believe this has been a great plan to get a Trump nominee on the court, then you had to believe Trump was going to win to begin with,\" said Graham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Carolina Republican pointed out that he had voted to confirm President Obama's two Supreme Court nominees, Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, because they were qualified for the bench and not because he agreed with their politics. Graham urged his Democratic colleagues to give Gorsuch the same deference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm dying to hear someone over there tell me why [Gorsuch] is not qualified to be sitting here,\" Graham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas Sen. Ted Cruz claimed in his comments that Gorsuch's nomination carried with it a \"superlegitimacy\" because Trump made the Supreme Court vacancy a major campaign issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Democrats devoted many of their opening statements to pushing back against the so-called Republican obstructionism that they believe caused Scalia's seat to remain vacant for more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Judiciary Committee once stood against a court-packing scheme that would have eroded judicial independence. That was a proud moment. Now, Republicans on this committee are guilty of their own 'court unpacking scheme,' \" said Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt. \"The blockade of Chief Judge Merrick Garland was never grounded in principle or precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In his confirmation hearing on Monday, Judge Neil Gorsuch pledged to rule without bias if confirmed to the Supreme Court; Senate Judiciary Committee members accused one another of political posturing.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ycGeUyezm7s'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ycGeUyezm7s'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>At his Supreme Court confirmation hearing, Neil Gorsuch pitched himself as a reasonable jurist who would do his best to uphold the rule of law without any bias.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sitting here, I am acutely aware of my own imperfections,\" the federal appeals court judge told the Senate Judiciary Committee on Monday. \"But I pledge to each of you and to the American people that, if confirmed, I will do all my powers permit to be a faithful servant of the Constitution and laws of our great nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 49-year-old Gorsuch, who was nominated by President Trump in January to succeed the late Justice Antonin Scalia, did his best to strike a chord of unity in his testimony.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But his comments followed four hours of opening statements from the committee members in which Democrats made clear they believed it was not Gorsuch who should be sitting before them, but President Obama's original nominee, Merrick Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal judge appeared nonplussed by the Democrats' comments and the perpetual Garland shadow that hung over the first day of testimony. He will take questions from the committee on Tuesday and Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch touted his successful record as a judge on the 10th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, saying that \"97 percent of the 2,700 cases I've decided were decided unanimously -- and that I've been in the majority 99 percent of the time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also underscored his commitment to the separation of powers, stating, \"It is for this body, the people's representatives, to make new laws, for the executive to ensure those laws are faithfully enforced, and for neutral and independent judges to apply the law in the people's disputes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: \"If judges were just secret legislators, declaring not what the law is but what they would like it to be, the very idea of a government by the people and for the people would be at risk.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their opening remarks, Republicans on the committee heaped plenty of praise on the federal judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His grasp on the separation of powers -- including judicial independence -- enlivens his body of work,\" said committee chairman Chuck Grassley, R-Iowa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats, meanwhile, repeatedly invoked Garland, who was denied a hearing by Senate Republicans during an election year after Scalia's death in February 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am deeply disappointed that it is under these circumstances that we begin these hearings,\" said Judiciary Committee ranking member Dianne Feinstein, D-Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She went on to say that Democrats would give Gorsuch a courtesy that Senate Republicans did not give Garland: a fair hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our job is to determine whether Judge Gorsuch is a reasonable mainstream conservative or is he not,\" Feinstein continued. She then outlined her concerns with some of Gorsuch's past writings that hinted he opposed \u003cem>Roe v. Wade, \u003c/em>calling the case a \"super precedent\" that legalized abortion and gave women a right to privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Colorado judge was introduced, as is customary, by his home state's senators. Republican Sen. Cory Gardner underscored that Gorsuch is not \"an activist judge\" and was well qualified to serve on the nation's highest court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Michael Bennet of Colorado also had words of praise for Gorsuch, though he, too, decried Senate Republicans' treatment of Garland, calling it \"an embarrassment to this body that will be recorded in history.\" Yet he, like Feinstein, argued that \"two wrongs never make a right\" and said Gorsuch should get a fair hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Obama administration acting Solicitor General Neal Katyal, a Georgetown Law professor, also spoke in support of Gorsuch, calling him a \"first-rate intellect and a fair and decent man\" who had a \"dedication to the rule of law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Katyal also bemoaned the circumstances under which he was nominated, calling it \"a tragedy of national proportions that Merrick Garland does not sit on the court.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, the first day of testimony underscored that the hearings would remain sharply divided along party lines, with each senator accusing the opposing side of political posturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, argued that the Senate owes a president discretion in picking his judicial nominees and pointed out that Gorsuch had received the highest rating possible from the American Bar Association, the \"gold standard\" in vetting judicial nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hatch blasted Democrats for wanting Gorsuch to outline how he would vote on certain cases, saying that to them, \"judicial independence requires he be beholden to them and [their] political agenda\" on issues like abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Republicans argued that Gorsuch should be judged on his own merits, legal writings and decisions -- not compared to the man who nominated him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Thom Tillis, R-N.C., said, \"The nominee before us today is not President Trump,\" nor is he Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell or Judge Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., joked that he was certainly no fan of Trump during the campaign and made the case that Republicans didn't blockade Garland's nomination to allow Trump to make a nomination because most of them didn't believe Trump would win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you believe this has been a great plan to get a Trump nominee on the court, then you had to believe Trump was going to win to begin with,\" said Graham.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Carolina Republican pointed out that he had voted to confirm President Obama's two Supreme Court nominees, Justices Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan, because they were qualified for the bench and not because he agreed with their politics. Graham urged his Democratic colleagues to give Gorsuch the same deference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm dying to hear someone over there tell me why [Gorsuch] is not qualified to be sitting here,\" Graham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas Sen. Ted Cruz claimed in his comments that Gorsuch's nomination carried with it a \"superlegitimacy\" because Trump made the Supreme Court vacancy a major campaign issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Democrats devoted many of their opening statements to pushing back against the so-called Republican obstructionism that they believe caused Scalia's seat to remain vacant for more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Judiciary Committee once stood against a court-packing scheme that would have eroded judicial independence. That was a proud moment. Now, Republicans on this committee are guilty of their own 'court unpacking scheme,' \" said Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt. \"The blockade of Chief Judge Merrick Garland was never grounded in principle or precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Who Is Neil Gorsuch, Trump's First Pick for the Supreme Court?",
"title": "Who Is Neil Gorsuch, Trump's First Pick for the Supreme Court?",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/31/512708127/president-trump-to-announce-supreme-court-nominee-shortly\">has selected federal appeals court Judge Neil Gorsuch to fill a Supreme Court seat \u003c/a>that has sat vacant for nearly a year, setting up a blockbuster confirmation hearing that could put the new White House's domestic political agenda on trial in the U.S. Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The selection fulfills an early campaign promise by Trump to nominate a solidly conservative judge with a record of strictly interpreting the U.S. Constitution. Gorsuch, 49, sailed through an earlier confirmation process for a spot on the federal appeals court in Denver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only weeks after his nomination in 2006, the Senate confirmed him by voice vote. The American Bar Association rated him as \"unanimously well qualified\" at the time.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"YHpiNaSqFJdEUaamkKpD6W9tPN4OfWVM\"]\u003cbr>\nGorsuch has a sterling legal pedigree. He clerked for two Supreme Court justices, Byron White and Anthony Kennedy. He also served as a clerk on the second-most-important appeals court in the country, in Washington D.C., for conservative Judge David Sentelle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Justice Antonin Scalia, whom he is in line to replace, Gorsuch has cultivated a reputation as a memorable and clear author of legal opinions. He also considers himself to be an originalist. Lawyers who practice before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, where Gorsuch currently works, said he is a popular and approachable judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SCOTUSblog, the leading Supreme Court blog, described some of Gorsuch's parallels to Scalia as \"eerie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He is an ardent textualist (like Scalia); he believes criminal laws should be clear and interpreted in favor of defendants even if that hurts government prosecutions (like Scalia); he is skeptical of efforts to purge religious expression from public spaces (like Scalia); he is highly dubious of legislative history (like Scalia); and he is less than enamored of the dormant commerce clause (like Scalia),\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/2017/01/potential-nominee-profile-neil-gorsuch/\">the blog wrote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other rulings that came to national attention, Gorsuch sided in favor of \"religious freedom\" claims made by the Little Sisters of the Poor and the owners of the craft company Hobby Lobby, who challenged language in the Affordable Care Act that required them to pay for contraceptive coverage for employees. The Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/06/30/326926331/companies-can-refuse-to-cover-contraception-supreme-court-says\">backed those Hobby Lobby challengers\u003c/a>, in a divided vote, in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lecture to the conservative Federalist Society in Washington more than three years ago, Gorsuch elicited laughter from the audience as he quoted from the 1853 Charles Dickens novel \u003cem>Bleak House,\u003c/em> referenced the work of the late novelist David Foster Wallace, and discussed irony and the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like any human enterprise, the law's crooked timber occasionally produces the opposite of the intended effect,\" he said. \"We turn to the law earnestly to promote a worthy idea and wind up with a host of unwelcome side effects that do more harm than good. ... We depend upon the rule of law to guarantee freedom, but we have to give up freedom to live under the law's rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Off the bench, Gorsuch in 2006 published a book called \u003cem>The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia,\u003c/em> criticizing the practice and defending the \"intrinsic value\" of human life. He also contributed to \u003cem>The Law of Judicial Precedent\u003c/em> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Who+Is+Neil+Gorsuch%2C+Trump%27s+First+Pick+For+The+Supreme+Court%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Gorsuch, 49, is one of the youngest Supreme Court nominees in decades. The judge has a sterling legal pedigree and has been likened to Justice Antonin Scalia, whom he is in line to replace.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/31/512708127/president-trump-to-announce-supreme-court-nominee-shortly\">has selected federal appeals court Judge Neil Gorsuch to fill a Supreme Court seat \u003c/a>that has sat vacant for nearly a year, setting up a blockbuster confirmation hearing that could put the new White House's domestic political agenda on trial in the U.S. Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The selection fulfills an early campaign promise by Trump to nominate a solidly conservative judge with a record of strictly interpreting the U.S. Constitution. Gorsuch, 49, sailed through an earlier confirmation process for a spot on the federal appeals court in Denver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only weeks after his nomination in 2006, the Senate confirmed him by voice vote. The American Bar Association rated him as \"unanimously well qualified\" at the time.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nGorsuch has a sterling legal pedigree. He clerked for two Supreme Court justices, Byron White and Anthony Kennedy. He also served as a clerk on the second-most-important appeals court in the country, in Washington D.C., for conservative Judge David Sentelle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Justice Antonin Scalia, whom he is in line to replace, Gorsuch has cultivated a reputation as a memorable and clear author of legal opinions. He also considers himself to be an originalist. Lawyers who practice before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 10th Circuit, where Gorsuch currently works, said he is a popular and approachable judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SCOTUSblog, the leading Supreme Court blog, described some of Gorsuch's parallels to Scalia as \"eerie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He is an ardent textualist (like Scalia); he believes criminal laws should be clear and interpreted in favor of defendants even if that hurts government prosecutions (like Scalia); he is skeptical of efforts to purge religious expression from public spaces (like Scalia); he is highly dubious of legislative history (like Scalia); and he is less than enamored of the dormant commerce clause (like Scalia),\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/2017/01/potential-nominee-profile-neil-gorsuch/\">the blog wrote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other rulings that came to national attention, Gorsuch sided in favor of \"religious freedom\" claims made by the Little Sisters of the Poor and the owners of the craft company Hobby Lobby, who challenged language in the Affordable Care Act that required them to pay for contraceptive coverage for employees. The Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/06/30/326926331/companies-can-refuse-to-cover-contraception-supreme-court-says\">backed those Hobby Lobby challengers\u003c/a>, in a divided vote, in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a lecture to the conservative Federalist Society in Washington more than three years ago, Gorsuch elicited laughter from the audience as he quoted from the 1853 Charles Dickens novel \u003cem>Bleak House,\u003c/em> referenced the work of the late novelist David Foster Wallace, and discussed irony and the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like any human enterprise, the law's crooked timber occasionally produces the opposite of the intended effect,\" he said. \"We turn to the law earnestly to promote a worthy idea and wind up with a host of unwelcome side effects that do more harm than good. ... We depend upon the rule of law to guarantee freedom, but we have to give up freedom to live under the law's rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Off the bench, Gorsuch in 2006 published a book called \u003cem>The Future of Assisted Suicide and Euthanasia,\u003c/em> criticizing the practice and defending the \"intrinsic value\" of human life. He also contributed to \u003cem>The Law of Judicial Precedent\u003c/em> last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Who+Is+Neil+Gorsuch%2C+Trump%27s+First+Pick+For+The+Supreme+Court%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump says he plans to announce his pick for the U.S. Supreme Court next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has begun to float specific names for the high court's vacancy. The consensus seems to be that among the finalists on Trump's shortlist are Neil Gorsuch, a judge on the federal appeals court based in Denver; Judge William H. Pryor Jr. of Alabama, who served on the federal appeals court based in Atlanta; and Judge Thomas Hardiman of Pittsburgh, who serves on the 3rd Circuit Federal Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All were appointed to their current positions by President George W. Bush and are considered hard-core conservatives, but there the similarity ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch, 49, is considered a cerebral proponent of \"originalism,\" the idea that the Constitution should be interpreted as the Founding Fathers would have more than 200 years ago, and of \"textualism,\" the idea that statutes should be interpreted literally, without considering the legislative history and underlying purpose of the law. The Colorado native is Ivy League-educated, and while in undergraduate school at Columbia University, co-founded a newspaper aimed at rebutting what he considered the dominant liberal and \"politically correct\" philosophy on campus. A graduate of Harvard Law School, he also earned a doctorate in legal philosophy at Oxford University, where he studied as a Marshall Scholar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In private practice, he represented mostly corporate clients, and in 2005 he became principal deputy associate attorney general in the Bush administration Justice Department. A year later he was nominated to the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals, where he has earned a reputation as a scholarly conservative with a flair for writing vividly that is similar to — though perhaps not as sharp in tone as — Justice Antonin Scalia, the conservative icon whose death last year created the current Supreme Court vacancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"izXy6iZpGCcu7JduaQFkMT4PwBp7t2se\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Democrats would very likely oppose a Gorsuch nomination in large numbers, he is seen as less of a lightning rod than Judge Pryor, who famously called \u003cem>Roe v. Wade,\u003c/em> the Supreme Court's 1973 abortion decision, \"the worst abomination of constitutional law in our history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educated at Northeast Louisiana University and Tulane Law School, Pryor, 54, is a protege of Trump's nominee for attorney general, Sen. Jeff Sessions. When Sessions served as Alabama state attorney general, Pryor was his deputy and succeeded him when Sessions was elected to the U.S. Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As state attorney general, Pryor filed a brief that supported the right of states to make consenting private homosexual conduct a crime. \"The states should not be required to accept, as a matter of constitutional doctrine, that homosexual activity is harmless and does not expose both the individual and the public to deleterious spiritual and physical consequences,\" Pryor wrote in the brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pryor's nomination to the federal appeals court in 2003 was blocked by Senate Democrats until President Bush gave him a temporary appointment while the Senate was in recess. Thereafter, he was confirmed in a deal brokered by centrist Republicans and Democrats that allowed some pending nominees to go through, but not others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pryor, a devout Roman Catholic, is a particular favorite among evangelicals and other social conservatives, but he was criticized by some conservative activists when, as state attorney general, he led the charge in removing Alabama's chief justice for refusing to obey a federal court order to take a Ten Commandments monument out of the courthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"HwZRuE4nKY812xHrVfdZ9L0ariG7IxLR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Pryor nomination would undoubtedly spark a major confirmation fight — a fight that Democrats are itching for. They are angry over the nearly yearlong refusal by Republicans to consider President Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland, a stalling tactic that set a historic precedent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third short-lister is Judge Hardiman, educated at Notre Dame and Georgetown Law School. Like other potential nominees on the short list, the 51-year-old has a conservative record, in his case with particular emphasis on the rights of gun owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of which judge is picked by President Trump for nomination to the nation's highest court, none would change the 5-to-4 conservative majority that has prevailed, for the most part, for decades; anyone Trump nominates would be replacing Justice Scalia — in short, a conservative for a conservative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the next Trump Supreme Court nomination that very likely would change things dramatically, converting a conservative 5-to-4 majority that sometimes flips the other way when one of the conservatives, usually Justice Anthony Kennedy, votes with the court's four liberals to make a more liberal majority. With one more appointment, there would be a 6-to-3 majority, a vote to spare. And lots of long-standing precedents could fall, including \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the actuarial possibility of that happening is considerable. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the court's leading liberal, will turn 84 in March; Justice Anthony Kennedy, the court's so-called swing justice, is 80; and Justice Stephen Breyer, another of the liberal justices, is 78. So it is entirely possible that Trump could get two or three more appointments, leaving just two liberal justices on the court and providing conservatives with an overwhelming majority that could dramatically change the law for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump says he plans to announce his pick for the U.S. Supreme Court next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has begun to float specific names for the high court's vacancy. The consensus seems to be that among the finalists on Trump's shortlist are Neil Gorsuch, a judge on the federal appeals court based in Denver; Judge William H. Pryor Jr. of Alabama, who served on the federal appeals court based in Atlanta; and Judge Thomas Hardiman of Pittsburgh, who serves on the 3rd Circuit Federal Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All were appointed to their current positions by President George W. Bush and are considered hard-core conservatives, but there the similarity ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch, 49, is considered a cerebral proponent of \"originalism,\" the idea that the Constitution should be interpreted as the Founding Fathers would have more than 200 years ago, and of \"textualism,\" the idea that statutes should be interpreted literally, without considering the legislative history and underlying purpose of the law. The Colorado native is Ivy League-educated, and while in undergraduate school at Columbia University, co-founded a newspaper aimed at rebutting what he considered the dominant liberal and \"politically correct\" philosophy on campus. A graduate of Harvard Law School, he also earned a doctorate in legal philosophy at Oxford University, where he studied as a Marshall Scholar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In private practice, he represented mostly corporate clients, and in 2005 he became principal deputy associate attorney general in the Bush administration Justice Department. A year later he was nominated to the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals, where he has earned a reputation as a scholarly conservative with a flair for writing vividly that is similar to — though perhaps not as sharp in tone as — Justice Antonin Scalia, the conservative icon whose death last year created the current Supreme Court vacancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Democrats would very likely oppose a Gorsuch nomination in large numbers, he is seen as less of a lightning rod than Judge Pryor, who famously called \u003cem>Roe v. Wade,\u003c/em> the Supreme Court's 1973 abortion decision, \"the worst abomination of constitutional law in our history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Educated at Northeast Louisiana University and Tulane Law School, Pryor, 54, is a protege of Trump's nominee for attorney general, Sen. Jeff Sessions. When Sessions served as Alabama state attorney general, Pryor was his deputy and succeeded him when Sessions was elected to the U.S. Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As state attorney general, Pryor filed a brief that supported the right of states to make consenting private homosexual conduct a crime. \"The states should not be required to accept, as a matter of constitutional doctrine, that homosexual activity is harmless and does not expose both the individual and the public to deleterious spiritual and physical consequences,\" Pryor wrote in the brief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pryor's nomination to the federal appeals court in 2003 was blocked by Senate Democrats until President Bush gave him a temporary appointment while the Senate was in recess. Thereafter, he was confirmed in a deal brokered by centrist Republicans and Democrats that allowed some pending nominees to go through, but not others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pryor, a devout Roman Catholic, is a particular favorite among evangelicals and other social conservatives, but he was criticized by some conservative activists when, as state attorney general, he led the charge in removing Alabama's chief justice for refusing to obey a federal court order to take a Ten Commandments monument out of the courthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Pryor nomination would undoubtedly spark a major confirmation fight — a fight that Democrats are itching for. They are angry over the nearly yearlong refusal by Republicans to consider President Obama's nomination of Merrick Garland, a stalling tactic that set a historic precedent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third short-lister is Judge Hardiman, educated at Notre Dame and Georgetown Law School. Like other potential nominees on the short list, the 51-year-old has a conservative record, in his case with particular emphasis on the rights of gun owners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of which judge is picked by President Trump for nomination to the nation's highest court, none would change the 5-to-4 conservative majority that has prevailed, for the most part, for decades; anyone Trump nominates would be replacing Justice Scalia — in short, a conservative for a conservative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is the next Trump Supreme Court nomination that very likely would change things dramatically, converting a conservative 5-to-4 majority that sometimes flips the other way when one of the conservatives, usually Justice Anthony Kennedy, votes with the court's four liberals to make a more liberal majority. With one more appointment, there would be a 6-to-3 majority, a vote to spare. And lots of long-standing precedents could fall, including \u003cem>Roe v. Wade\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the actuarial possibility of that happening is considerable. Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the court's leading liberal, will turn 84 in March; Justice Anthony Kennedy, the court's so-called swing justice, is 80; and Justice Stephen Breyer, another of the liberal justices, is 78. So it is entirely possible that Trump could get two or three more appointments, leaving just two liberal justices on the court and providing conservatives with an overwhelming majority that could dramatically change the law for generations to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In oral arguments Wednesday, the U.S. Supreme Court appeared evenly split over a case out of California that sets some limits on long-term detention of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case, Jennings v. Rodriguez, deals with the rights of legal permanent residents who are subject to deportation because they’ve been convicted of crimes, and asylum seekers who have met the government’s initial criteria for protection from persecution. Both groups are subject to mandatory detention while they fight deportation in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 8,000 such detainees on any given day. They are among more than 400,000 immigrants detained by the Department of Homeland Security in the course of a year. Those numbers could increase if President-elect Donald Trump makes good on his pledge to deport millions of unauthorized immigrants and immigrants with criminal histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, upheld a lower court ruling that said that these detainees are entitled to hearing before an immigration judge every six months to consider them for release while their immigration cases proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fsgzknZwDBASwdQ688UeLyz2upaPBnpi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahilan Arulanantham, an attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union, is representing the immigrants. He told the Supreme Court justices that some of his clients have spent years behind bars. He urged the justices to affirm that a bond hearing to consider release is a right under the Constitution’s due process clause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all we are talking about, just the minimal requirement of a hearing in front of a neutral decision maker for people who have had very, very long periods of incarceration,” Arulanantham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But U.S. Solicitor General Ian Gershengorn challenged the notion that the length of incarceration has any bearing on the constitutionality of detention, as long as the government is making reasonable progress at resolving a person’s immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Sonia Sotomayor asked the solicitor general what standard a court would apply to determine whether a person’s detention was unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We are in an upended world when we think 14 months or 19 months is a reasonable time to detain a person.’\u003ccite>Justice Sonia Sotomayor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gershengorn said the court should ask: “Has there been some sort of unusual situation or misconduct on the part of the government, or delay on the part of the government, that suggests the purpose of detention was not to effectuate removal?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gershengorn said that immigrants who challenge their deportation may wind up detained for long stretches because the immigration system offers them a robust system of appeals, and those appeals take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told the justices that 90 percent of hearings before an immigration judge occur within 14 months, and 90 percent of immigration appeals proceedings are done within 19 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted Sotomayor to respond: “We are in an upended world when we think 14 months or 19 months is a reasonable time to detain a person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ninth Circuit held that immigrants must be released on bond unless the government can prove that they are a danger to public safety or a flight risk. Some of the justices took issue with that approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Justice John Roberts noted that the appeals court’s decision shifts the burden off of the immigrant to provide proof that they are not a danger or a flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job is to read the statute” Roberts quipped. “But we can’t just write a different statute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Samuel Alito suggested, “We could simply say the Ninth Circuit’s interpretation of the statute is wrong and remand [it back to the lower court] for further proceeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking outside the courthouse after the hearing, the ACLU’s Arulanantham said that the ruling the eight justices reach could have a profound effect on thousands of immigrants in California and the other Western states in the Ninth Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are thousands of people who have been released under these bond hearings,” he said, “who’ve returned to their families, who are out of prison, basically who are living their lives” while their cases proceed through immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arulanantham said a reversal of the Ninth Circuit’s decision could allow the government to round those people up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court must rule on the Jennings v. Rodriguez by June, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In oral arguments Wednesday, the U.S. Supreme Court appeared evenly split over a case out of California that sets some limits on long-term detention of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case, Jennings v. Rodriguez, deals with the rights of legal permanent residents who are subject to deportation because they’ve been convicted of crimes, and asylum seekers who have met the government’s initial criteria for protection from persecution. Both groups are subject to mandatory detention while they fight deportation in immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are roughly 8,000 such detainees on any given day. They are among more than 400,000 immigrants detained by the Department of Homeland Security in the course of a year. Those numbers could increase if President-elect Donald Trump makes good on his pledge to deport millions of unauthorized immigrants and immigrants with criminal histories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015 the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, in San Francisco, upheld a lower court ruling that said that these detainees are entitled to hearing before an immigration judge every six months to consider them for release while their immigration cases proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahilan Arulanantham, an attorney for the American Civil Liberties Union, is representing the immigrants. He told the Supreme Court justices that some of his clients have spent years behind bars. He urged the justices to affirm that a bond hearing to consider release is a right under the Constitution’s due process clause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s all we are talking about, just the minimal requirement of a hearing in front of a neutral decision maker for people who have had very, very long periods of incarceration,” Arulanantham said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But U.S. Solicitor General Ian Gershengorn challenged the notion that the length of incarceration has any bearing on the constitutionality of detention, as long as the government is making reasonable progress at resolving a person’s immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Sonia Sotomayor asked the solicitor general what standard a court would apply to determine whether a person’s detention was unconstitutional.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We are in an upended world when we think 14 months or 19 months is a reasonable time to detain a person.’\u003ccite>Justice Sonia Sotomayor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Gershengorn said the court should ask: “Has there been some sort of unusual situation or misconduct on the part of the government, or delay on the part of the government, that suggests the purpose of detention was not to effectuate removal?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gershengorn said that immigrants who challenge their deportation may wind up detained for long stretches because the immigration system offers them a robust system of appeals, and those appeals take time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He told the justices that 90 percent of hearings before an immigration judge occur within 14 months, and 90 percent of immigration appeals proceedings are done within 19 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted Sotomayor to respond: “We are in an upended world when we think 14 months or 19 months is a reasonable time to detain a person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ninth Circuit held that immigrants must be released on bond unless the government can prove that they are a danger to public safety or a flight risk. Some of the justices took issue with that approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Justice John Roberts noted that the appeals court’s decision shifts the burden off of the immigrant to provide proof that they are not a danger or a flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job is to read the statute” Roberts quipped. “But we can’t just write a different statute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justice Samuel Alito suggested, “We could simply say the Ninth Circuit’s interpretation of the statute is wrong and remand [it back to the lower court] for further proceeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking outside the courthouse after the hearing, the ACLU’s Arulanantham said that the ruling the eight justices reach could have a profound effect on thousands of immigrants in California and the other Western states in the Ninth Circuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are thousands of people who have been released under these bond hearings,” he said, “who’ve returned to their families, who are out of prison, basically who are living their lives” while their cases proceed through immigration court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arulanantham said a reversal of the Ninth Circuit’s decision could allow the government to round those people up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court must rule on the Jennings v. Rodriguez by June, 2017.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Supreme Court Weighs Limits on Detention of Noncitizens",
"title": "Supreme Court Weighs Limits on Detention of Noncitizens",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sylvester Owino spent nine years locked in immigration detention before he was released on bond last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kenyan-born Owino was finally able to win a bond hearing before an immigration judge as a result of a class-action lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit was first heard in federal court in the Central District of California, where a judge ruled in 2014 that noncitizens in immigration detention are entitled to a hearing at least every six months to argue for their release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ruling was affirmed in 2015 by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The appeals court also held that immigrants like Owino must be released unless the government can prove that they are a danger to public safety or a flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the case has made its way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, which heard oral arguments Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295533150\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"400\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owino recalled the night he was released from Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody, dropped off on a street corner in downtown San Diego, where he lived before and after his incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was glad I was free,\" he said. \"The air was fresh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Owino waited for friends to pick him up, he says he veered from ecstasy to paranoia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God, I’m free,\" he said. \"I couldn’t believe it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Owino’s friends asked what he wanted to eat, he replied, “Some real meat!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his friends cooked up pork chops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stayed up all night talking, calling friends, family from Europe, from Kenya, eating the pork chops,” says Owino “I can’t express how I felt. I cannot, after all those years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'They think because you're a noncitizen you have no rights. They can lock you down anytime they want.'\u003ccite>Sylvester Owino\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Owino left Kenya in 1998 and came to the United States on a student visa. Years later, after Owino had become a permanent legal resident, he was convicted of armed robbery. He calls it a “mistake” he made when he was struggling with alcohol addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That crime landed Owino in state prison for three years. He says serving that time was hard, but not as hard as what followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal resident immigrants who commit certain crimes are subject to mandatory detention and deportation under federal law. So when Owino was released from state prison in 2006, he was handed over to Immigration and Customs Enforcement to be detained until he could be deported. But Owino challenged his removal order, setting off a years-long legal struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extensive Use of Detention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said conditions in ICE detention were far worse than prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They think because you’re a noncitizen you have no rights. They can lock you down anytime they want,” Owino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States detains more than 400,000 immigrants a year, according to the Department of Homeland Security. And 30,000 to 40,000 people are held in ICE custody on any given day. The government deports most of them within months, but others are locked up for a year or more -- sometimes many years. They include longtime legal immigrants as well as those seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11198191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11198191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at the Adelanto Detention Facility in Adelanto, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at the Adelanto Detention Facility in Adelanto, California. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It took the ACLU's legal victory to secure Owino’s release and that of other long-term ICE detainees in California and other western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t live in a country where the government -- especially the executive branch -- can simply detain people because it says so,” says Cecillia Wang, who directs the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang says the government's indefinite detention defies legal norms around detaining people for a civil purpose -- in this case, to make sure the person applying for legal status shows up for an immigration hearing. She believes the Constitution requires giving the person a hearing at which to argue for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You get your day in court to tell an independent adjudicator, 'I shouldn’t be in jail,' \" said Wang. \"'I’m not a flight risk; I don’t pose a danger to anybody. I should be able to fight my case while I’m home with my family.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"k6a3d0nGfuursy4fSRIB4s8cLj1KcSZK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration appealed the case to the Supreme Court after it challenged the ruling in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/jennings-op-below.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">9th Circuit\u003c/a> last year and lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration officials hope the high court will uphold ICE's ability to detain people indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU estimates that as many as 8,000 immigrants nationally have been detained longer than six months without an opportunity for a bond hearing. Most are lawful permanent residents who committed minor crimes, like drug possession, or they are people apprehended at the border who are seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fighting 'Wholesale Revision' of Detention System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Solicitor General Ian Heath Gershengorn did not respond to KQED’s request for an interview, and ICE declined to comment on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/15-1191-petitioner-merits-brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">court papers\u003c/a>, Gershengorn called the ACLU's efforts an end run around Congress and the executive branch:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unsatisfied with the current immigration detention system established by the political branches, respondents seek a dramatic and wholesale revision of that system through court order,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gershengorn said Congress was clear in its intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Gc0Y5nTkKVbF4zdKzFSN39jFrMo2XkKu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some may believe that the Ninth Circuit’s vision of immigration detention is wiser or more humane, while others would disagree,\" he wrote. \"But Congress weighed the interests in controlling the border, protecting the public from criminal aliens, affording individual aliens adequate protections and opportunities for relief and review, and minimizing the adverse foreign-relations impact of U.S. immigration law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Stephen Yale-Loehr, an immigration law expert at Cornell, called the case a test of the due process rights of noncitizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an important case because it pits the constitutional rights of immigrants versus the government’s power to detain individuals,” said Yale-Loehr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: “As immigration procedures have increased in complexity, and in length of time and in importance -- in terms of our national dialogue -- this case will be very interesting to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11198277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11198277\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his 'segregation cell' back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility in Adelanto, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-1180x795.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-960x647.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-240x162.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-375x253.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-520x350.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his 'segregation cell' back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility in Adelanto, California. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Professor Mary Fan with the University of Washington School of Law says the Supreme Court justices must decide whether the law supports the power of Congress and the executive branch to hold immigrants -- or whether the 9th Circuit was right to impose some limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration detention is very tough and very controversial -- and there’s been long-standing concern among many -- including judges -- that it’s harsh and that it sweeps up too many people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fan, a former federal prosecutor for the district that includes the San Diego border region, says the government is in a difficult position -- tasked with upholding laws on mandatory detention while also grappling with a huge influx of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The administration faced the difficult decision to have to expand immigration detention to deal with the huge inflow of people, including, very controversially, family detention,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Surge' of Asylum Seekers Continues\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spike in immigration began in 2014, driven by tens of thousands of Central American children and families fleeing violence in their home countries. Many of them are seeking asylum but remain in detention while awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Nov. 10 \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/11/10/statement-secretary-johnson-southwest-border-security\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a>, Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson wrote that 46,195 individuals were apprehended on the U.S.-Mexico border in October, up from 37,048 in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have told our border security and immigration enforcement personnel that we must keep pace with this increase,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11198281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11198281\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-800x477.jpg\" alt=\"Two young girls watch television from their holding area where hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children were being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center in June, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-800x477.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-160x95.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-1020x608.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-1180x704.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-960x573.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-240x143.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-375x224.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-520x310.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two young girls watch television from their holding area, where hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children were being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center in June 2014. \u003ccite>(Ross D. Franklin/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a result, ICE detention facilities were holding 10,000 more people than usual this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson has authorized ICE to acquire more detention space to be able to process and deport people faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those who attempt to enter our country without authorization should know that, consistent with our laws and values, we must and will send you back,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s Cecillia Wang says increasing investment in immigrant detention is a waste of taxpayer money and comes at too great a human cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of our clients prevail in their cases at the end of the day, and the government’s assertions to the contrary -- that people are dangerous, that we’re going to have a border security problem -- are completely unsubstantiated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adjusting to Freedom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Sylvester Owino finally got his bond hearing in 2015, the immigration judge decided it was safe to release him. Community groups raised his $1,500 bond in just 30 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owino still faces deportation, but while he waits for his day in court he’s supporting himself selling Kenyan soul food at farmers markets -- dishes like coconut rice and chicken stew. He has also gotten sober.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the U.S. government will give more immigrants a chance to be free from detention while they go through immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We immigrants, we are also human,\" he said. \"We breathe the same air. We inhale, exhale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owino said he’s still adjusting to freedom. After years on thin mattresses on narrow frames, he struggles to sleep in a normal bed. Often he dreams he’s still locked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court will rule on the case by next June.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sylvester Owino spent nine years locked in immigration detention before he was released on bond last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kenyan-born Owino was finally able to win a bond hearing before an immigration judge as a result of a class-action lawsuit brought by the American Civil Liberties Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit was first heard in federal court in the Central District of California, where a judge ruled in 2014 that noncitizens in immigration detention are entitled to a hearing at least every six months to argue for their release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ruling was affirmed in 2015 by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. The appeals court also held that immigrants like Owino must be released unless the government can prove that they are a danger to public safety or a flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the case has made its way up to the U.S. Supreme Court, which heard oral arguments Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='400'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295533150&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295533150'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owino recalled the night he was released from Immigration and Customs Enforcement custody, dropped off on a street corner in downtown San Diego, where he lived before and after his incarceration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was glad I was free,\" he said. \"The air was fresh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Owino waited for friends to pick him up, he says he veered from ecstasy to paranoia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh my God, I’m free,\" he said. \"I couldn’t believe it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Owino’s friends asked what he wanted to eat, he replied, “Some real meat!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So his friends cooked up pork chops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We stayed up all night talking, calling friends, family from Europe, from Kenya, eating the pork chops,” says Owino “I can’t express how I felt. I cannot, after all those years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'They think because you're a noncitizen you have no rights. They can lock you down anytime they want.'\u003ccite>Sylvester Owino\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Owino left Kenya in 1998 and came to the United States on a student visa. Years later, after Owino had become a permanent legal resident, he was convicted of armed robbery. He calls it a “mistake” he made when he was struggling with alcohol addiction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That crime landed Owino in state prison for three years. He says serving that time was hard, but not as hard as what followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legal resident immigrants who commit certain crimes are subject to mandatory detention and deportation under federal law. So when Owino was released from state prison in 2006, he was handed over to Immigration and Customs Enforcement to be detained until he could be deported. But Owino challenged his removal order, setting off a years-long legal struggle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Extensive Use of Detention\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said conditions in ICE detention were far worse than prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They think because you’re a noncitizen you have no rights. They can lock you down anytime they want,” Owino said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States detains more than 400,000 immigrants a year, according to the Department of Homeland Security. And 30,000 to 40,000 people are held in ICE custody on any given day. The government deports most of them within months, but others are locked up for a year or more -- sometimes many years. They include longtime legal immigrants as well as those seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11198191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11198191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at the Adelanto Detention Facility in Adelanto, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-375x249.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoInmate-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at the Adelanto Detention Facility in Adelanto, California. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It took the ACLU's legal victory to secure Owino’s release and that of other long-term ICE detainees in California and other western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t live in a country where the government -- especially the executive branch -- can simply detain people because it says so,” says Cecillia Wang, who directs the ACLU's Immigrants' Rights Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang says the government's indefinite detention defies legal norms around detaining people for a civil purpose -- in this case, to make sure the person applying for legal status shows up for an immigration hearing. She believes the Constitution requires giving the person a hearing at which to argue for release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You get your day in court to tell an independent adjudicator, 'I shouldn’t be in jail,' \" said Wang. \"'I’m not a flight risk; I don’t pose a danger to anybody. I should be able to fight my case while I’m home with my family.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration appealed the case to the Supreme Court after it challenged the ruling in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/jennings-op-below.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">9th Circuit\u003c/a> last year and lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Administration officials hope the high court will uphold ICE's ability to detain people indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU estimates that as many as 8,000 immigrants nationally have been detained longer than six months without an opportunity for a bond hearing. Most are lawful permanent residents who committed minor crimes, like drug possession, or they are people apprehended at the border who are seeking asylum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Fighting 'Wholesale Revision' of Detention System\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Solicitor General Ian Heath Gershengorn did not respond to KQED’s request for an interview, and ICE declined to comment on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/15-1191-petitioner-merits-brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">court papers\u003c/a>, Gershengorn called the ACLU's efforts an end run around Congress and the executive branch:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unsatisfied with the current immigration detention system established by the political branches, respondents seek a dramatic and wholesale revision of that system through court order,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gershengorn said Congress was clear in its intent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some may believe that the Ninth Circuit’s vision of immigration detention is wiser or more humane, while others would disagree,\" he wrote. \"But Congress weighed the interests in controlling the border, protecting the public from criminal aliens, affording individual aliens adequate protections and opportunities for relief and review, and minimizing the adverse foreign-relations impact of U.S. immigration law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Stephen Yale-Loehr, an immigration law expert at Cornell, called the case a test of the due process rights of noncitizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an important case because it pits the constitutional rights of immigrants versus the government’s power to detain individuals,” said Yale-Loehr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: “As immigration procedures have increased in complexity, and in length of time and in importance -- in terms of our national dialogue -- this case will be very interesting to watch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11198277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11198277\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-800x539.jpg\" alt=\"A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his 'segregation cell' back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility in Adelanto, California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"539\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-800x539.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-1020x687.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-1180x795.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-960x647.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-240x162.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-375x253.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/AdelantoEscorting-520x350.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A guard escorts an immigrant detainee from his 'segregation cell' back into the general population at the Adelanto Detention Facility in Adelanto, California. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Professor Mary Fan with the University of Washington School of Law says the Supreme Court justices must decide whether the law supports the power of Congress and the executive branch to hold immigrants -- or whether the 9th Circuit was right to impose some limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Immigration detention is very tough and very controversial -- and there’s been long-standing concern among many -- including judges -- that it’s harsh and that it sweeps up too many people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fan, a former federal prosecutor for the district that includes the San Diego border region, says the government is in a difficult position -- tasked with upholding laws on mandatory detention while also grappling with a huge influx of people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The administration faced the difficult decision to have to expand immigration detention to deal with the huge inflow of people, including, very controversially, family detention,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Surge' of Asylum Seekers Continues\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spike in immigration began in 2014, driven by tens of thousands of Central American children and families fleeing violence in their home countries. Many of them are seeking asylum but remain in detention while awaiting their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Nov. 10 \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/11/10/statement-secretary-johnson-southwest-border-security\" target=\"_blank\">statement\u003c/a>, Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson wrote that 46,195 individuals were apprehended on the U.S.-Mexico border in October, up from 37,048 in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have told our border security and immigration enforcement personnel that we must keep pace with this increase,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11198281\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11198281\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-800x477.jpg\" alt=\"Two young girls watch television from their holding area where hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children were being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center in June, 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"477\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-800x477.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-160x95.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-1020x608.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-1180x704.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-960x573.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-240x143.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-375x224.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/ChildDetainees-520x310.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two young girls watch television from their holding area, where hundreds of mostly Central American immigrant children were being processed and held at the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Nogales Placement Center in June 2014. \u003ccite>(Ross D. Franklin/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As a result, ICE detention facilities were holding 10,000 more people than usual this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson has authorized ICE to acquire more detention space to be able to process and deport people faster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those who attempt to enter our country without authorization should know that, consistent with our laws and values, we must and will send you back,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU’s Cecillia Wang says increasing investment in immigrant detention is a waste of taxpayer money and comes at too great a human cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of our clients prevail in their cases at the end of the day, and the government’s assertions to the contrary -- that people are dangerous, that we’re going to have a border security problem -- are completely unsubstantiated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Adjusting to Freedom\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Sylvester Owino finally got his bond hearing in 2015, the immigration judge decided it was safe to release him. Community groups raised his $1,500 bond in just 30 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owino still faces deportation, but while he waits for his day in court he’s supporting himself selling Kenyan soul food at farmers markets -- dishes like coconut rice and chicken stew. He has also gotten sober.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the U.S. government will give more immigrants a chance to be free from detention while they go through immigration courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We immigrants, we are also human,\" he said. \"We breathe the same air. We inhale, exhale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Owino said he’s still adjusting to freedom. After years on thin mattresses on narrow frames, he struggles to sleep in a normal bed. Often he dreams he’s still locked up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Obama's controversial executive actions on immigration were challenged in the Supreme Court on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's impossible to glean how the court will ultimately decide the case, the eight justices seemed evenly split along ideological lines during oral arguments, leaving a real possibility of a 4-4 tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that comes to pass, a lower court decision that stopped the actions from going into effect will stand, Obama's term will come to an end and his executive actions, which were intended to shield some 4 million people from deportation, will never go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FNPR%2Fvideos%2F10154359130546756%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things were important to look at during arguments: the question of standing — whether Texas should be allowed to bring a suit on this matter against the government in the first place — and where Justice Anthony Kennedy, a swing vote even on an eight-justice court, landed on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of standing took up a lot of time during arguments. Chief Justice John Roberts, who famously sidestepped a broader opinion on same-sex marriage in 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/06/26/195857796/supreme-court-strikes-down-defense-of-marriage-act\">based on the issue of standing\u003c/a>, is a critical voice to that end. He seemed to side with Texas, which argued the state had standing because it would be harmed by the actions as it would cost more money to issue driver's licenses to people in the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy, who has in the past has written opinions in favor of giving the executive broad powers on enforcement, seemed dubious in this case. He said 4 million people is a lot of people and it seems that to give them quasi-legal status should be a legislative decision, not an executive decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the court seemed evenly split.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the court, hundreds of protesters gathered to show their support for the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcy Suarez, a 20-year-old who was shielded from deportation by a previous executive action that is not in dispute now, said she hopes the court takes into account what she calls the humanitarian dimension of the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are here to work hard, contribute to the country,\" Suarez said. \"This is our home; that's why we don't want to leave.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=On+Obama%27s+Immigration+Actions%2C+Supreme+Court+Seems+Sharply+Divided&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Obama's controversial executive actions on immigration were challenged in the Supreme Court on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it's impossible to glean how the court will ultimately decide the case, the eight justices seemed evenly split along ideological lines during oral arguments, leaving a real possibility of a 4-4 tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that comes to pass, a lower court decision that stopped the actions from going into effect will stand, Obama's term will come to an end and his executive actions, which were intended to shield some 4 million people from deportation, will never go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FNPR%2Fvideos%2F10154359130546756%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two things were important to look at during arguments: the question of standing — whether Texas should be allowed to bring a suit on this matter against the government in the first place — and where Justice Anthony Kennedy, a swing vote even on an eight-justice court, landed on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue of standing took up a lot of time during arguments. Chief Justice John Roberts, who famously sidestepped a broader opinion on same-sex marriage in 2013 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2013/06/26/195857796/supreme-court-strikes-down-defense-of-marriage-act\">based on the issue of standing\u003c/a>, is a critical voice to that end. He seemed to side with Texas, which argued the state had standing because it would be harmed by the actions as it would cost more money to issue driver's licenses to people in the country illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kennedy, who has in the past has written opinions in favor of giving the executive broad powers on enforcement, seemed dubious in this case. He said 4 million people is a lot of people and it seems that to give them quasi-legal status should be a legislative decision, not an executive decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, the court seemed evenly split.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside the court, hundreds of protesters gathered to show their support for the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marcy Suarez, a 20-year-old who was shielded from deportation by a previous executive action that is not in dispute now, said she hopes the court takes into account what she calls the humanitarian dimension of the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are here to work hard, contribute to the country,\" Suarez said. \"This is our home; that's why we don't want to leave.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=On+Obama%27s+Immigration+Actions%2C+Supreme+Court+Seems+Sharply+Divided&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution says that \"We the People\" are the source of political authority in America. But just who are \"the people\"? That's a big and basic political question, and today the Supreme Court gave its answer — \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/14-940_ed9g.pdf\">in a unanimous decision\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court ruled that the total population as defined by the Census Bureau should be used when counting people for political purposes. That means all persons residing in a particular state or district are to be counted, not just those who are eligible to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge came from Texas, though that state counts its population for political purposes the same way the other 49 states do. It was brought by the conservative activist group Citizens for Fair Representation, which in recent years has pursued successful legal challenges to parts of the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the affirmative action policies of the University of Texas-Austin.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The practical effect would have been more legislative districts where older and enfranchised people are predominant.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The challengers had argued that only citizens who are at least 18 years old should count when separating the population into voting districts (which are drawn to have about the same number of people).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said eligible voters had a disproportionate impact in voting when they live in districts with large numbers of ineligible people (noncitizens and nonadults). Conversely, they argued, those living in districts with fewer ineligible people had their voting power diluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs said this violated the constitutional principle of equal protection under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The situation they were describing is mostly likely to occur in states with large numbers of immigrant residents, such as Texas, California, Florida, New Jersey, Arizona and Nevada. But it would also affect large cities with sizable immigrant populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"nWqOeCoNKQdKc2LTk2UcuHQYoDv40gnv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practical effect would be to create more legislative districts where older and enfranchised people are predominant, and fewer districts with large populations of people ineligible to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision, written by Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg, based its reasoning on the federal practice of defining population as all persons. Five justices joined with Ginsburg in her opinion. Two others, Justices Clarence Thomas and Samuel Alito, wrote their own concurring opinions. They agreed that Texas could not be forced to change its method of counting, but they maintained that any state could do so if it chose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Constitution says that \"We the People\" are the source of political authority in America. But just who are \"the people\"? That's a big and basic political question, and today the Supreme Court gave its answer — \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/15pdf/14-940_ed9g.pdf\">in a unanimous decision\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court ruled that the total population as defined by the Census Bureau should be used when counting people for political purposes. That means all persons residing in a particular state or district are to be counted, not just those who are eligible to vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge came from Texas, though that state counts its population for political purposes the same way the other 49 states do. It was brought by the conservative activist group Citizens for Fair Representation, which in recent years has pursued successful legal challenges to parts of the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the affirmative action policies of the University of Texas-Austin.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The practical effect would have been more legislative districts where older and enfranchised people are predominant.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The challengers had argued that only citizens who are at least 18 years old should count when separating the population into voting districts (which are drawn to have about the same number of people).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said eligible voters had a disproportionate impact in voting when they live in districts with large numbers of ineligible people (noncitizens and nonadults). Conversely, they argued, those living in districts with fewer ineligible people had their voting power diluted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:30 a.m\u003c/strong>.:\u003cbr>\nShortly after the Supreme Court issued its 4-4 decision today on the Friedrichs v. CTA case, the group representing the plaintiffs announced it would file a petition for the case to be reheard once Justice Antonin Scalia's seat is filled. Terry Pell, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cir-usa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Individual Rights\u003c/a>, told KQED his group wanted the Scalia vacancy filled \"as soon as possible\" without taking a position on whether the U.S. Senate should hold confirmation hearings on President Obama's nominee Merrick Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that a justice appointed by either political party will come on the court with an open mind and hear the merits of our case, and that's all we really ask,\" Pell said. \"Whether it's the current nominee or a nominee by the next elected president, is not something that we have an opinion. We would just like to see the position filled by a qualified nominee.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many would say organized labor dodged a bullet with today's decision that left the lower court ruling against the plaintiffs in place. But Steve Smith of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californialabor.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Federation of Labor \u003c/a>said he was \"not surprised\" by the decision, adding that his group was pleased the Supreme Court \"has put this issue to rest\" by \"upholding 40 years of precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rest\" might be the right word, because the issue surely isn't dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON — A tie vote from the Supreme Court on Tuesday handed a win to labor unions in a high-profile dispute over their ability to collect fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices divided 4-4 in a case that considered whether public employees represented by a union can be required to pay \"fair share\" fees covering collective bargaining costs even if they are not members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The split vote leaves in place an appeals court ruling that upheld the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GWY6YmDBnG3FLpnBll13d4WdrE3HNNqP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is an unlikely victory for organized labor after it seemed almost certain the high court would rule 5-4 to overturn a regime in place nearly 40 years. The court is operating with only eight justices after the death of Justice Antonin Scalia, who had been expected to rule against the unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one-sentence opinion does not set a national precedent and does not identify how each justice voted. It simply upholds a decision from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that applies to California and eight other Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union case is among a handful of high-profile disputes in which Scalia's vote was expected to tip the balance toward a result that favored the conservative justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Supreme Court decisions are not final until they are handed down, nothing Scalia did or said in connection with the case before his death mattered to the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of California teachers backed by a conservative group said being forced to pay union fees violated the free speech rights of nonmembers who disagree with the unions' positions. They had urged the justices to overturn a nearly 40-year-old Supreme Court decision that allows the unions to collect the fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court had raised doubts about the viability of the 1977 precedent, Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, but it stopped short of overturning it in two recent cases. In Abood, the court said public workers who choose not to join a union can be required to pay for bargaining costs if the fees don't go toward political purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead plaintiff was Rebecca Friedrichs, a public school teacher from Orange County, who said she resigned from the California Teachers Association over differences but was still required to pay about $650 a year to cover bargaining costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case affects more than 5 million workers in 23 states and Washington, D.C., who are represented at the bargaining table by public sector unions. Labor officials worried the potential loss of tens of millions of dollars in fees would reduce their power to bargain for higher wages and benefits for government employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor leaders called the lawsuit part of a coordinated effort by conservative groups to weaken labor rights. Union officials say the fees are necessary because it has a legal duty to represent all teachers at the bargaining table, even those who are not part of the union.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:30 a.m\u003c/strong>.:\u003cbr>\nShortly after the Supreme Court issued its 4-4 decision today on the Friedrichs v. CTA case, the group representing the plaintiffs announced it would file a petition for the case to be reheard once Justice Antonin Scalia's seat is filled. Terry Pell, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cir-usa.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Individual Rights\u003c/a>, told KQED his group wanted the Scalia vacancy filled \"as soon as possible\" without taking a position on whether the U.S. Senate should hold confirmation hearings on President Obama's nominee Merrick Garland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that a justice appointed by either political party will come on the court with an open mind and hear the merits of our case, and that's all we really ask,\" Pell said. \"Whether it's the current nominee or a nominee by the next elected president, is not something that we have an opinion. We would just like to see the position filled by a qualified nominee.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many would say organized labor dodged a bullet with today's decision that left the lower court ruling against the plaintiffs in place. But Steve Smith of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.californialabor.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Federation of Labor \u003c/a>said he was \"not surprised\" by the decision, adding that his group was pleased the Supreme Court \"has put this issue to rest\" by \"upholding 40 years of precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rest\" might be the right word, because the issue surely isn't dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WASHINGTON — A tie vote from the Supreme Court on Tuesday handed a win to labor unions in a high-profile dispute over their ability to collect fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices divided 4-4 in a case that considered whether public employees represented by a union can be required to pay \"fair share\" fees covering collective bargaining costs even if they are not members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The split vote leaves in place an appeals court ruling that upheld the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is an unlikely victory for organized labor after it seemed almost certain the high court would rule 5-4 to overturn a regime in place nearly 40 years. The court is operating with only eight justices after the death of Justice Antonin Scalia, who had been expected to rule against the unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The one-sentence opinion does not set a national precedent and does not identify how each justice voted. It simply upholds a decision from the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that applies to California and eight other Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The union case is among a handful of high-profile disputes in which Scalia's vote was expected to tip the balance toward a result that favored the conservative justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Supreme Court decisions are not final until they are handed down, nothing Scalia did or said in connection with the case before his death mattered to the outcome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group of California teachers backed by a conservative group said being forced to pay union fees violated the free speech rights of nonmembers who disagree with the unions' positions. They had urged the justices to overturn a nearly 40-year-old Supreme Court decision that allows the unions to collect the fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high court had raised doubts about the viability of the 1977 precedent, Abood v. Detroit Board of Education, but it stopped short of overturning it in two recent cases. In Abood, the court said public workers who choose not to join a union can be required to pay for bargaining costs if the fees don't go toward political purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead plaintiff was Rebecca Friedrichs, a public school teacher from Orange County, who said she resigned from the California Teachers Association over differences but was still required to pay about $650 a year to cover bargaining costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case affects more than 5 million workers in 23 states and Washington, D.C., who are represented at the bargaining table by public sector unions. Labor officials worried the potential loss of tens of millions of dollars in fees would reduce their power to bargain for higher wages and benefits for government employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor leaders called the lawsuit part of a coordinated effort by conservative groups to weaken labor rights. Union officials say the fees are necessary because it has a legal duty to represent all teachers at the bargaining table, even those who are not part of the union.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Obama’s choice to serve as the newest Supreme Court justice is Merrick Garland, a moderate federal appeals court judge and former prosecutor with a reputation for collegiality and meticulous legal reasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland, who has won past Republican support, has “more federal judicial experience than any other Supreme Court nominee in history,” a White House official said. “No one is better suited to immediately serve on the Supreme Court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland is the latest judge from the federal appeals court in Washington to be promoted to the current Supreme Court. If confirmed, he would join Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Clarence Thomas, all of whom served on the D.C. appeals court before being elevated. So did the late Antonin Scalia, who died last month after nearly 30 years on the nation’s highest court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The selection of Garland, 63, could disappoint avid liberals, who wanted Obama to pick someone who would “take on” the court’s conservatives in much the way Justice Scalia “takes on” the court’s liberals and moderates. And the choice of Garland, a white man who attended Harvard Law School, could also dismay advocates who had hoped for a more diverse candidate from the African-American or Asian legal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Garland, who currently serves as the chief judge of the nation’s second-highest court, takes care to emphasize his humble roots. During summer breaks in college, he worked as a shoe store stock clerk and he sold his comic book collection to help pay his tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10897927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10897927\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-800x463.jpg\" alt=\"Judge Merrick Garland (C) speaks after President Obama, with Vice President Joe Biden, announced Garland's nomination to the Supreme Court on March 16, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-800x463.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-400x232.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-1180x683.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-960x556.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judge Merrick Garland (C) speaks after President Obama, with Vice President Joe Biden, announced Garland’s nomination to the Supreme Court on March 16, 2016. \u003ccite>(NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As late as last week, Republicans like Utah Sen. Orrin Hatch offered praise for Garland, though it’s far from clear whether he and Senate leaders will budge on their determination to avoid hearings or votes on any nominee until a new president takes office in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland has a lengthy record on the D.C. circuit court, but that court deals mainly with regulatory issues and not hot-button social issues of the day, such as abortion and gay rights. That has served as a confirmation advantage for previous nominees from the appeals court, and it likely will for Garland, too. Republican interest groups such as the Judicial Crisis Network signaled they would take issue with his vote to rehear a case over D.C.’s tough gun restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Another Chicagoan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland grew up in the Chicago area. His mother, Shirley, was a director of volunteer services and his father, Cyril, ran a small business out of the basement of the family home, advertising area clothing stores. Garland went to public schools and was valedictorian of his high school class in Skokie. From there, it was on to Harvard College, on scholarship, where he graduated first in his class. At Harvard Law School, he was an editor on the Law Review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is married to Lynn Rosenmann, an engineer whom he met in Boston while she was getting a master’s degree in physics at MIT. Rosenmann’s grandfather springs from Democratic party royalty, having advised Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman. The Garlands have two daughters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If confirmed, Garland would be the third Jewish justice, meaning that with six Catholics also serving, the Supreme Court for the first time would have no Protestant justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘The Perfect Background’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland began his legal career clerking for two iconic judges: first, conservative Judge Henry Friendly on the federal appeals court in New York, and then liberal Justice William Brennan on the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1979, he served as a special assistant to Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti. With the switch in administrations in 1981, he joined the large Washington law firm of Arnold & Porter, becoming a partner four years later. While in private practice, he did corporate litigation and also taught antitrust courses at Harvard Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”7LwsQWwia91SC91uA3C532GDeTZDRaFC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Garland longed to return to public service and wanted more experience in the rough and tumble of trial work. So in 1989, he joined the U.S. attorney’s office in Washington, D.C., as a line prosecutor, trying cases that ranged from drug trafficking to complex public corruption charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1993, he joined the newly installed Clinton administration as deputy assistant attorney general in the Justice Department’s criminal division. A year later, Deputy Attorney General Jamie Gorelick, the department’s second in command, asked Garland to be her principal deputy. She said she chose him because he had “the perfect background,” having worked in the department at both high and low levels. Moreover, says Gorelick, “He had shown himself to be a brilliant lawyer with excellent judgment, utterly without any political agenda, other than to do right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A String of Bombing Cases\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland was soon put to the test. He supervised the investigations into the Unabomber and the Oklahoma City and Atlanta Olympics bombings, among others. In the Oklahoma City case, he not only headed the investigation, he put together the trial team that prosecuted Timothy McVeigh, winning praise from the state’s Republican governor, Frank Keating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorelick says one of the Garland traits she treasured was his instinct to “question the received wisdom” and not to jump to conclusions. That paid off again and again, she says, when initial evidence seemed to point in one direction in major cases, only to evaporate on later inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton appointed Garland to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1995. After a long Republican stall in the Senate that lasted 19 months, he was confirmed by a vote of 76-23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Moderate But Persuasive Liberal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the appeals court, Garland has been a moderate liberal, with a definite pro-prosecution bent in criminal cases. Indeed, his views in the area of criminal law are considerably more conservative than those of the man he would replace, Justice John Paul Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Garland has also been a persuasive voice for liberals, managing to bring conservatives over to his side on issues ranging from the environment to national security. For example, in a case involving Chinese Uighurs detained at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Garland asked the Justice Department for the particulars of its evidence and then wrote an opinion for himself and two conservative judges that concluded that the Bush administration’s claim that they were enemy combatants was utterly unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So respected is Garland as a judge that Chief Justice Roberts, at his confirmation hearing, answered a question about one of his majority opinions by noting that Judge Garland had dissented and, said Roberts, “Any time Judge Garland disagrees, you know you’re in a difficult area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Merrick+Garland+Has+A+Reputation+Of+Collegiality%2C+Record+Of+Republican+Support&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Obama’s choice to serve as the newest Supreme Court justice is Merrick Garland, a moderate federal appeals court judge and former prosecutor with a reputation for collegiality and meticulous legal reasoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland, who has won past Republican support, has “more federal judicial experience than any other Supreme Court nominee in history,” a White House official said. “No one is better suited to immediately serve on the Supreme Court.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland is the latest judge from the federal appeals court in Washington to be promoted to the current Supreme Court. If confirmed, he would join Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Clarence Thomas, all of whom served on the D.C. appeals court before being elevated. So did the late Antonin Scalia, who died last month after nearly 30 years on the nation’s highest court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The selection of Garland, 63, could disappoint avid liberals, who wanted Obama to pick someone who would “take on” the court’s conservatives in much the way Justice Scalia “takes on” the court’s liberals and moderates. And the choice of Garland, a white man who attended Harvard Law School, could also dismay advocates who had hoped for a more diverse candidate from the African-American or Asian legal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Garland, who currently serves as the chief judge of the nation’s second-highest court, takes care to emphasize his humble roots. During summer breaks in college, he worked as a shoe store stock clerk and he sold his comic book collection to help pay his tuition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10897927\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10897927\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-800x463.jpg\" alt=\"Judge Merrick Garland (C) speaks after President Obama, with Vice President Joe Biden, announced Garland's nomination to the Supreme Court on March 16, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-800x463.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-400x232.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-1180x683.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/GarlandApplause-960x556.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judge Merrick Garland (C) speaks after President Obama, with Vice President Joe Biden, announced Garland’s nomination to the Supreme Court on March 16, 2016. \u003ccite>(NICHOLAS KAMM/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As late as last week, Republicans like Utah Sen. Orrin Hatch offered praise for Garland, though it’s far from clear whether he and Senate leaders will budge on their determination to avoid hearings or votes on any nominee until a new president takes office in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland has a lengthy record on the D.C. circuit court, but that court deals mainly with regulatory issues and not hot-button social issues of the day, such as abortion and gay rights. That has served as a confirmation advantage for previous nominees from the appeals court, and it likely will for Garland, too. Republican interest groups such as the Judicial Crisis Network signaled they would take issue with his vote to rehear a case over D.C.’s tough gun restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Another Chicagoan\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland grew up in the Chicago area. His mother, Shirley, was a director of volunteer services and his father, Cyril, ran a small business out of the basement of the family home, advertising area clothing stores. Garland went to public schools and was valedictorian of his high school class in Skokie. From there, it was on to Harvard College, on scholarship, where he graduated first in his class. At Harvard Law School, he was an editor on the Law Review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is married to Lynn Rosenmann, an engineer whom he met in Boston while she was getting a master’s degree in physics at MIT. Rosenmann’s grandfather springs from Democratic party royalty, having advised Presidents Franklin Roosevelt and Harry Truman. The Garlands have two daughters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If confirmed, Garland would be the third Jewish justice, meaning that with six Catholics also serving, the Supreme Court for the first time would have no Protestant justices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘The Perfect Background’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland began his legal career clerking for two iconic judges: first, conservative Judge Henry Friendly on the federal appeals court in New York, and then liberal Justice William Brennan on the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1979, he served as a special assistant to Attorney General Benjamin Civiletti. With the switch in administrations in 1981, he joined the large Washington law firm of Arnold & Porter, becoming a partner four years later. While in private practice, he did corporate litigation and also taught antitrust courses at Harvard Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Garland longed to return to public service and wanted more experience in the rough and tumble of trial work. So in 1989, he joined the U.S. attorney’s office in Washington, D.C., as a line prosecutor, trying cases that ranged from drug trafficking to complex public corruption charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1993, he joined the newly installed Clinton administration as deputy assistant attorney general in the Justice Department’s criminal division. A year later, Deputy Attorney General Jamie Gorelick, the department’s second in command, asked Garland to be her principal deputy. She said she chose him because he had “the perfect background,” having worked in the department at both high and low levels. Moreover, says Gorelick, “He had shown himself to be a brilliant lawyer with excellent judgment, utterly without any political agenda, other than to do right.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A String of Bombing Cases\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garland was soon put to the test. He supervised the investigations into the Unabomber and the Oklahoma City and Atlanta Olympics bombings, among others. In the Oklahoma City case, he not only headed the investigation, he put together the trial team that prosecuted Timothy McVeigh, winning praise from the state’s Republican governor, Frank Keating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorelick says one of the Garland traits she treasured was his instinct to “question the received wisdom” and not to jump to conclusions. That paid off again and again, she says, when initial evidence seemed to point in one direction in major cases, only to evaporate on later inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton appointed Garland to the U.S. Court of Appeals in 1995. After a long Republican stall in the Senate that lasted 19 months, he was confirmed by a vote of 76-23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Moderate But Persuasive Liberal\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the appeals court, Garland has been a moderate liberal, with a definite pro-prosecution bent in criminal cases. Indeed, his views in the area of criminal law are considerably more conservative than those of the man he would replace, Justice John Paul Stevens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Garland has also been a persuasive voice for liberals, managing to bring conservatives over to his side on issues ranging from the environment to national security. For example, in a case involving Chinese Uighurs detained at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, Garland asked the Justice Department for the particulars of its evidence and then wrote an opinion for himself and two conservative judges that concluded that the Bush administration’s claim that they were enemy combatants was utterly unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So respected is Garland as a judge that Chief Justice Roberts, at his confirmation hearing, answered a question about one of his majority opinions by noting that Judge Garland had dissented and, said Roberts, “Any time Judge Garland disagrees, you know you’re in a difficult area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Merrick+Garland+Has+A+Reputation+Of+Collegiality%2C+Record+Of+Republican+Support&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Two California Judges on Obama's Short List for Supreme Court",
"title": "Two California Judges on Obama's Short List for Supreme Court",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Two California judges from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit are reportedly on the Obama administration's short list to fill the Supreme Court vacancy left by the sudden death of Justice Antonin Scalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/opinion/ci_28838026/jacqueline-h-nguyen-joys-citizenship\" target=\"_blank\">Jacqueline H. Nguyen \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Paul_Watford\" target=\"_blank\">Paul J. Watford \u003c/a>are graduates of \u003ca href=\"http://www.law.ucla.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">UCLA Law School\u003c/a>, and if they were to be nominated and confirmed -- decidedly uncertain on both counts -- they would be the first from their law school to serve on the nation's highest court. (Chief Justice Earl Warren attended UC Berkeley).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nguyen and Watford were nominated to the 9th Circuit by President Obama and confirmed in 2012 after their nominations stalled amid partisan bickering over judges, which continues to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the White House announcements of their nominations to the federal bench in 2011, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/09/22/president-obama-nominates-judge-jacqueline-h-nguyen-serve-united-states-\" target=\"_blank\">Nguyen was described \u003c/a>by Obama as \"a trailblazer\" who would serve with \"fairness and integrity\" while Watford, who is African-American, was called \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/17/president-obama-nominates-paul-j-watford-serve-united-states-court-appea\" target=\"_blank\">diligent, judicious and esteemed\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also noted that Nguyen's family was placed in a refugee camp at Camp Pendleton near San Diego after arriving from Vietnam in 1975 when Nguyen was 10 years old. She was born in 1965 in Da Lat, Vietnam, as Hong-Ngoc Thi Nguyen before changing her name in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10890839\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-800x482.jpg\" alt=\"Judge Jacqueline H. Nguyen\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10890839\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-400x241.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-1180x710.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-960x578.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judge Jacqueline H. Nguyen \u003ccite>(Federal Judiciary Channel/YouTube)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR and other media outlets report that Obama has already interviewed Watford, who is 48 years old. In a recent blog post, Tom Goldstein, publisher of the respected SCOTUSblog, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/2016/02/ninth-circuit-judge-paul-watford-is-the-most-likely-nominee-to-replace-antonin-scalia/\" target=\"_blank\">wrote that Watford \u003c/a> is the most likely nominee for various reasons, including that he was recently vetted for the federal court, attracted bipartisan support in his confirmation and that Obama likely wants a more liberal African-American on the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court already has one Californian, Anthony Kennedy, who was appointed by President Ronald Reagan. But law professor Rory Little, from UC Hastings College of the Law, thinks adding another 9th Circuit judge makes sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama is not crazy about the East Coast focus of the court,\" he said. \"California is the most populous state and there ought to be somebody from the West on the Supreme Court, and I don't think Justice Kennedy is going to be there a whole lot longer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little added that while the 9th Circuit has a somewhat undeserved reputation for having a high reversal rate from the U.S. Supreme Court, neither Watford nor Nguyen \"have high public profiles\" and both have a \"lack of political explosiveness\" that the president would likely wish to avoid in a nominee. In fact, Little said, the high court recently affirmed a decision written by Watford (Los Angeles v. Patel, \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/13-1175_2qe4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">No. 13-1175\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10890841\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-800x792.jpg\" alt=\"Judge Paul J. Watford.\" width=\"800\" height=\"792\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10890841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-800x792.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-400x396.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-1180x1168.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-960x950.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judge Paul J. Watford. \u003ccite>(Courtesy U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Watford clerked for 9th Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski, a Reagan appointee with libertarian leanings. Judge Kozinski praised Watford as \"polite, someone who never lost his temper or got angry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Court clerks are the best and the brightest,\" Kozinski added, \"but some are like a violin -- high-strung. Not Paul. He was very calm and methodical.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the current Supreme Court justices, along with the late Justice Scalia, graduated from Ivy League law schools, which many feel limits their view of the world. Except for Kennedy, none are from the West, a point Scalia noted with criticism before he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kozinski thinks having a second Californian on the court is a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let’s face it,\" Kozinski said, \"L.A. and Southern California is where 16 million people live. It would be good to have somebody who understands our issues, and problems, our border problem, the geography and the demographics of the Southwest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Republicans have said they will refuse to even meet with the president's nominee, no matter who it is, arguing that the nomination should wait until the next president takes office in January. But the administration hopes it can break that GOP solidarity with the right nominee, who could increase public pressure to -- at the very least -- hold hearings on the nominee, if not a full vote.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The president has reportedly interviewed one California judge for the Supreme Court vacancy, and another is said to be on the short list.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two California judges from the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit are reportedly on the Obama administration's short list to fill the Supreme Court vacancy left by the sudden death of Justice Antonin Scalia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/opinion/ci_28838026/jacqueline-h-nguyen-joys-citizenship\" target=\"_blank\">Jacqueline H. Nguyen \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Paul_Watford\" target=\"_blank\">Paul J. Watford \u003c/a>are graduates of \u003ca href=\"http://www.law.ucla.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">UCLA Law School\u003c/a>, and if they were to be nominated and confirmed -- decidedly uncertain on both counts -- they would be the first from their law school to serve on the nation's highest court. (Chief Justice Earl Warren attended UC Berkeley).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nguyen and Watford were nominated to the 9th Circuit by President Obama and confirmed in 2012 after their nominations stalled amid partisan bickering over judges, which continues to this day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the White House announcements of their nominations to the federal bench in 2011, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/09/22/president-obama-nominates-judge-jacqueline-h-nguyen-serve-united-states-\" target=\"_blank\">Nguyen was described \u003c/a>by Obama as \"a trailblazer\" who would serve with \"fairness and integrity\" while Watford, who is African-American, was called \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2011/10/17/president-obama-nominates-paul-j-watford-serve-united-states-court-appea\" target=\"_blank\">diligent, judicious and esteemed\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also noted that Nguyen's family was placed in a refugee camp at Camp Pendleton near San Diego after arriving from Vietnam in 1975 when Nguyen was 10 years old. She was born in 1965 in Da Lat, Vietnam, as Hong-Ngoc Thi Nguyen before changing her name in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10890839\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-800x482.jpg\" alt=\"Judge Jacqueline H. Nguyen\" width=\"800\" height=\"482\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10890839\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-800x482.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-400x241.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-1180x710.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeNguyen-960x578.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judge Jacqueline H. Nguyen \u003ccite>(Federal Judiciary Channel/YouTube)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR and other media outlets report that Obama has already interviewed Watford, who is 48 years old. In a recent blog post, Tom Goldstein, publisher of the respected SCOTUSblog, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/2016/02/ninth-circuit-judge-paul-watford-is-the-most-likely-nominee-to-replace-antonin-scalia/\" target=\"_blank\">wrote that Watford \u003c/a> is the most likely nominee for various reasons, including that he was recently vetted for the federal court, attracted bipartisan support in his confirmation and that Obama likely wants a more liberal African-American on the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court already has one Californian, Anthony Kennedy, who was appointed by President Ronald Reagan. But law professor Rory Little, from UC Hastings College of the Law, thinks adding another 9th Circuit judge makes sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama is not crazy about the East Coast focus of the court,\" he said. \"California is the most populous state and there ought to be somebody from the West on the Supreme Court, and I don't think Justice Kennedy is going to be there a whole lot longer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little added that while the 9th Circuit has a somewhat undeserved reputation for having a high reversal rate from the U.S. Supreme Court, neither Watford nor Nguyen \"have high public profiles\" and both have a \"lack of political explosiveness\" that the president would likely wish to avoid in a nominee. In fact, Little said, the high court recently affirmed a decision written by Watford (Los Angeles v. Patel, \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/14pdf/13-1175_2qe4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">No. 13-1175\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10890841\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-800x792.jpg\" alt=\"Judge Paul J. Watford.\" width=\"800\" height=\"792\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10890841\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-800x792.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-400x396.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-1180x1168.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-960x950.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JudgeWatford-75x75.jpg 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Judge Paul J. Watford. \u003ccite>(Courtesy U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Watford clerked for 9th Circuit Judge Alex Kozinski, a Reagan appointee with libertarian leanings. Judge Kozinski praised Watford as \"polite, someone who never lost his temper or got angry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Court clerks are the best and the brightest,\" Kozinski added, \"but some are like a violin -- high-strung. Not Paul. He was very calm and methodical.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the current Supreme Court justices, along with the late Justice Scalia, graduated from Ivy League law schools, which many feel limits their view of the world. Except for Kennedy, none are from the West, a point Scalia noted with criticism before he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kozinski thinks having a second Californian on the court is a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let’s face it,\" Kozinski said, \"L.A. and Southern California is where 16 million people live. It would be good to have somebody who understands our issues, and problems, our border problem, the geography and the demographics of the Southwest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Republicans have said they will refuse to even meet with the president's nominee, no matter who it is, arguing that the nomination should wait until the next president takes office in January. But the administration hopes it can break that GOP solidarity with the right nominee, who could increase public pressure to -- at the very least -- hold hearings on the nominee, if not a full vote.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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