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"content": "\u003cp>After the attempted assassination of Donald Trump in July, the merchandise started showing up on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, fist in the air, face bloodied from a bullet, appeared on everything. Coffee mugs. Hawaiian shirts. Trading cards. Commemorative coins. Heart ornaments. Ads for these products used images captured at the scene by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/14/arts/design/trump-photo-raised-fist.html\">Doug Mills\u003c/a> for the New York Times and \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2024/07/trump-assassination-attempt-evan-vucci/679011/\">Evan Vucci\u003c/a> for the Associated Press, showing Trump yelling “fight” after the shooting. The Trump campaign itself even \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/?id=513229838128846\">offered some gear\u003c/a> commemorating his survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Secret Service drew scrutiny and law enforcement searched for a motive, online advertisers saw a business opportunity in the moment, pumping out Facebook ads to supporters hungry for merch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008148\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12008148\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-1-copy-800x1298.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1298\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-1-copy-800x1298.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-1-copy-160x260.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-1-copy.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalMatters and The Markup ran a simple search of Meta’s Ad Library and found ads for merchandise related to Trump’s assassination attempt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 10 weeks after the shooting, advertisers paid Meta between $593,000 and $813,000 for political ads that explicitly mentioned the assassination attempt, according to The Markup’s analysis. (Meta provides only estimates of spending and reach for ads in its database.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Facebook itself \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/technology/myanmar-facebook.html\">has acknowledged\u003c/a> that polarizing content and misinformation on its platform has incited real-life violence. An analysis by CalMatters and The Markup found that the reverse is also true: real-world violence can sometimes open new revenue opportunities for Meta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the spending on assassination ads represents a sliver of Meta’s $100 billion-plus ad revenue, the company also builds its bottom line when tragedies like war and mass shootings occur, in the United States and beyond. After the October 7th attack on Israel last year and the country’s response in Gaza, Meta saw a major increase in dollars spent related to the conflict, according to our review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tech advocacy groups and others question whether Facebook should even profit from violence and whether its ability to do so violates the company’s own principles of not calling for violence. The company said advertisers often respond to current events and that ads that run on its platform are reviewed and must meet the company’s standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you count all of the political ads mentioning Israel since the attack through the last week of September, organizations and individuals paid Meta between $14.8 million and $22.1 million for ads seen between 1.5 billion and 1.7 billion times on Meta’s platforms. Meta made much less for ads mentioning Israel during the same period the year before: between $2.4 million and $4 million for ads that were seen between 373 million and 445 million times. At the high end of Meta’s estimates, this was a 450% increase in Israel-related ad dollars for the company. (In our analysis, we converted foreign currency purchases to current U.S. dollars.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12008173\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28%E2%80%AFPM-scaled-e1728171034139.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1331\" height=\"844\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28 PM-scaled-e1728171034139.jpg 1331w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28 PM-scaled-e1728171034139-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28 PM-scaled-e1728171034139-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28 PM-scaled-e1728171034139-160x101.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1331px) 100vw, 1331px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Israel Public Affairs Committee, a lobbying group that promotes Israel, was the major spender on ads mentioning Israel. In the six months after October 7th, its spending increased more than 300% over the previous six months, to between $1.8 million and $2.7 million, as the organization peppered Facebook and Instagram with ads defending Israel’s actions in Gaza and pressuring politicians to support the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the war has roiled the region, AIPAC paid Meta about as much for ads in the 15 weeks following October 7th as the entire year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our effort is directed to encouraging pro-Israel Americans to stand with our democratic ally as it battles Iranian proxies in the aftermath of the barbaric Hamas attack of October 7th,” Marshall Wittmann, a spokesperson for AIPAC, said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(See the data on our \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/the-markup/investigation-meta-political-violence-ads\">Github repo\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12008154\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-2-copy-800x1298.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1298\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-2-copy-800x1298.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-2-copy-160x260.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-2-copy.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalMatters and The Markup ran a simple search of Meta’s Ad Library and found ads for merchandise related to Trump’s assassination attempt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other ad campaigns mentioning Israel supported different sides of the conflict. Doctors Without Borders, for example, used advertising to highlight the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Other ads defended and promoted Israel. The Christian Broadcasting Network tied the October 7th attack to a claim in an ad that Iran’s “final, deadly goal” was “to establish a modern caliphate—an Islamic-founded, tyrannical government—across the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, takes in the vast majority of its revenue \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/10/25/meta-earnings-record-profits-sales-as-ads-stay-robust-during-zuckerbergs-year-of-efficiency/\">from targeted advertising\u003c/a>. The company tracks users online to profile their habits and, when a business or organization wants to reach them, lets those businesses pay to send ads to people who might be interested. Those ads might be tied to something perfectly wholesome, like gardening. But the company’s algorithms don’t distinguish between simple hobbies and something darker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta spokesperson Tracy Clayton said in an emailed statement that Meta did not ultimately profit from political violence, as advertisers broadly back away from advertising during times of strife for fear their ads will be promoted alongside news of the violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton noted Meta’s chief financial officer recently said on an earnings call that it is “hard for us to attribute demand softness directly to any specific geopolitical event” but had seen lower ad spending “correlating with the start of the conflict” in the Middle East, and had seen similar at the start of the war in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Advertisers responding to current events are nothing new, and it’s seen across the media landscape, including on television, radio, and online news outlets,” Clayton said. “All ads that run on our platform must go through a review process and adhere to our advertising and community standards, and Meta offers an extra layer of transparency by making them publicly available in our Ad Library.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters and The Markup used Meta’s own tools to calculate how much Meta makes from spikes in advertising when instances of political violence happen, reviewing thousands of ads through both manual review and with the assistance of \u003ca href=\"https://www.llama.com/\">an AI model\u003c/a> offered by Meta itself. (We also made improvements to Meta Research’s scripts for accessing the Ad Library API, and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/the-markup/Ad-Library-API-Script-Repository/\">we’re sharing our changes\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To examine the assassination attempt merchandise, we ran a simple search of \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/\">Meta’s Ad Library\u003c/a> for ads that mentioned “assassination,” including any in our analysis that also mentioned “Trump” and hundreds of others that didn’t mention the former president by name but were clearly related to the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First they jail him, now they try to end him,” one ad read. A conspiratorial ad for a commemorative two-dollar bill claimed “the assassination attempt was their Plan B,” while “Plan A was to make Biden abandon the presidential campaign.” Some ads used clips from the film JFK to suggest an unseen, malevolent force was at work in the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008157\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12008157\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy-800x1576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy-800x1576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy-160x315.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy-780x1536.jpg 780w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalMatters and The Markup found that gun advocates used the presidential assassination attempt to promote products and services on Facebook, including this advertisement for a firearms safety course.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gun advocates paid for ads, using the assassination attempt as a foreboding call to action. One ad promoting a firearms safety course noted that “November is fast approaching.” A clothing business said in an ad that, since “the government can’t save you” from foreign enemies, Americans “need to be self-reliant, self-made, and self-sufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because when those bullets zip by, you are clearly on your own,” the ad read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those ads did not appear to violate Meta’s policies, although some may have broken its \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.meta.com/policies/community-standards/violence-incitement/\">ban against\u003c/a> showing weapons while alleging “election-related corruption.” But even the ones that didn’t clearly violate Meta’s rules still place the company in an uncomfortable position, as the business takes in advertising dollars from posts tied to grim news cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg himself commented on the first Trump assassination attempt, saying \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-19/mark-zuckerberg-calls-donald-trump-badass-without-endorsing-for-president\">in an interview\u003c/a> that it was “one of the most badass things I’ve ever seen in my life.” Trump has now survived a second apparent assassination attempt, and Zuckerberg’s company has made millions of dollars through political advertising tied to these and other violent acts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Paul, director of the Tech Transparency Project, a nonprofit advocacy organization, said “it’s not a surprise” that ads around political violence would pop up after incidents “if Meta is not making any effort even on a good day to effectively enforce their policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s huge problems with their advertising broadly,” she said. “They’re profiting off of a lot of harmful things, really without any sort of repercussions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Trump-fueled business and cash from war\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many businesses paying for the assassination ads sold pro-Trump gear before the shooting — and some might have spent a similar amount on ads if the shooting never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for some, the assassination attempt effectively became an entire business strategy, according to the review of Meta advertising data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A clothing company called Red First, which offers everything from customized shirts for pet owners to flags saying “Hillary belongs in prison,” offered assassination-related merchandise through a network of pages with names like 50 Stars Nation and Red White and Blue Zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, which operates in California and Vietnam, according to Meta’s required disclosures, has spent more than $1.8 million since February 2023 to promote ads through its various pages. But in the wake of the shooting, the company pivoted to merchandise around the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008160\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12008160\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy-800x1571.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1571\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy-800x1571.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy-160x314.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy-782x1536.jpg 782w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalMatters and The Markup found that gun advocates used the presidential assassination attempt to promote products and services on Facebook, including this advertisement for a firearms safety course.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Red First’s ads were relatively innocuous compared to some that sprang up after the shooting – they promoted Trump, not the shooting, and not the idea of retaliation for it. One shirt showed an illustration of Trump, middle fingers in the air, and the words “you missed bigly.” The company has also offered Kamala Harris merchandise, recently launching a page dedicated to it as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the ads related to the shooting simultaneously sold products, promoted Trump, and let Meta reap advertising cash from the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the thousands of ads posted by the company didn’t explicitly use the word “assassination,” but clearly referenced the event in other ways, using slogans like “he will overcome,” “fight fight fight,” “legends never die,” and “shooting makes me stronger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To suss out which ads were related to the shooting, we reviewed more than 4,200 ads from the company’s different pages with the assistance of a large language model \u003ca href=\"https://www.llama.com/\">named Llama\u003c/a>, a Meta AI model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We programmed the model to evaluate the text of each ad to determine whether it was related to the assassination attempt, then manually reviewed hundreds of its classifications to ensure it was working as expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After our review, we determined that more than 2,600 of those more than 4,200 ads were related to the assassination attempt. The total Red First paid to Meta in the 10 weeks after the shooting for those ads: between $473,000 and $798,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red First lists a phone number and street address in Southern California, but didn’t respond to phone or email, and the listed address is for a mail-opening service.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The NRA and violent ads around the globe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The advocacy organization the Tech Transparency Project has charted how the National Rifle Association has \u003ca href=\"https://www.techtransparencyproject.org/articles/profiting-from-tragedy\">paid to promote pro-gun views\u003c/a> on Meta and Google’s ad platforms after mass shootings. Despite calls from tech company executives for gun control, those companies profit from NRA spending that spikes after shootings, the group has pointed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the mass school shooting in Parkland, Fla., the NRA increased its spending on Google and Facebook ads, the Tech Transparency Project noted in one report. In 2018, the year of the shooting, Meta received “more than $2 million in advertising fees from the NRA starting in May of that year,” the report found, which also found that “NRA ad spending reached its highest levels on Google and soared on Facebook” following a week of mass shootings the following year that left dozens of people dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.techtransparencyproject.org/articles/how-facebook-profits-insurrection\">Just days\u003c/a> before the January 6th insurrection, the Tech Transparency Project found that Meta hosted ads offering gun holsters and rifle accessories in far-right Facebook groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internationally, Meta has often lapsed in its pledge to keep violent content off its platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta’s ad policies forbid calling for violence. But when faced with crucial tests of its content moderation practices, the company has repeatedly failed to detect and remove inflammatory ads. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/technology/myanmar-facebook.html\">A 2018 report\u003c/a>, commissioned by Facebook itself, found that its platform had been used to incite violence in Myanmar, and that the company hadn’t done enough to prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alia Al Ghussain, a researcher on technology issues at Amnesty International, said that as troubling as some ads might be in English, ads in other languages may be even more likely to pass Meta’s content moderation. “In most of the non-English-speaking world, Facebook doesn’t have the resources that it needs to moderate the content on the platform effectively and safely,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite later admitting responsibility for violence in Myanmar, the company continues to be faulted for gaps in its international moderation work. Another advocacy organization found in a test that the company approved calls for \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/09/facebook-hate-speech-test-fail-meta\">the murder of ethnic groups in Ethiopia\u003c/a>. More recently, a similar test by \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2023/11/21/facebook-ad-israel-palestine-violence/\">an advocacy organization found\u003c/a> that ads explicitly calling for violence against Palestinians—a flagrant violation of Meta’s rules—were still approved to run by the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If ads which are presenting a risk of stoking tension or spreading misinformation are being approved in the US, in English, it really makes me fearful for what is happening in other countries in non-English-speaking languages,” Al Ghussain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/colin-lecher/\">Colin Lecher\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/tomas-apodaca/\">Tomas Apodaca\u003c/a>, CalMatters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After the attempted assassination of Donald Trump in July, the merchandise started showing up on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, fist in the air, face bloodied from a bullet, appeared on everything. Coffee mugs. Hawaiian shirts. Trading cards. Commemorative coins. Heart ornaments. Ads for these products used images captured at the scene by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/14/arts/design/trump-photo-raised-fist.html\">Doug Mills\u003c/a> for the New York Times and \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2024/07/trump-assassination-attempt-evan-vucci/679011/\">Evan Vucci\u003c/a> for the Associated Press, showing Trump yelling “fight” after the shooting. The Trump campaign itself even \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/?id=513229838128846\">offered some gear\u003c/a> commemorating his survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Secret Service drew scrutiny and law enforcement searched for a motive, online advertisers saw a business opportunity in the moment, pumping out Facebook ads to supporters hungry for merch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008148\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12008148\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-1-copy-800x1298.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1298\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-1-copy-800x1298.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-1-copy-160x260.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-1-copy.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalMatters and The Markup ran a simple search of Meta’s Ad Library and found ads for merchandise related to Trump’s assassination attempt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the 10 weeks after the shooting, advertisers paid Meta between $593,000 and $813,000 for political ads that explicitly mentioned the assassination attempt, according to The Markup’s analysis. (Meta provides only estimates of spending and reach for ads in its database.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Facebook itself \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/technology/myanmar-facebook.html\">has acknowledged\u003c/a> that polarizing content and misinformation on its platform has incited real-life violence. An analysis by CalMatters and The Markup found that the reverse is also true: real-world violence can sometimes open new revenue opportunities for Meta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the spending on assassination ads represents a sliver of Meta’s $100 billion-plus ad revenue, the company also builds its bottom line when tragedies like war and mass shootings occur, in the United States and beyond. After the October 7th attack on Israel last year and the country’s response in Gaza, Meta saw a major increase in dollars spent related to the conflict, according to our review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tech advocacy groups and others question whether Facebook should even profit from violence and whether its ability to do so violates the company’s own principles of not calling for violence. The company said advertisers often respond to current events and that ads that run on its platform are reviewed and must meet the company’s standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you count all of the political ads mentioning Israel since the attack through the last week of September, organizations and individuals paid Meta between $14.8 million and $22.1 million for ads seen between 1.5 billion and 1.7 billion times on Meta’s platforms. Meta made much less for ads mentioning Israel during the same period the year before: between $2.4 million and $4 million for ads that were seen between 373 million and 445 million times. At the high end of Meta’s estimates, this was a 450% increase in Israel-related ad dollars for the company. (In our analysis, we converted foreign currency purchases to current U.S. dollars.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12008173\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28%E2%80%AFPM-scaled-e1728171034139.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1331\" height=\"844\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28 PM-scaled-e1728171034139.jpg 1331w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28 PM-scaled-e1728171034139-800x507.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28 PM-scaled-e1728171034139-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/Image-10-5-24-at-4.28 PM-scaled-e1728171034139-160x101.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1331px) 100vw, 1331px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Israel Public Affairs Committee, a lobbying group that promotes Israel, was the major spender on ads mentioning Israel. In the six months after October 7th, its spending increased more than 300% over the previous six months, to between $1.8 million and $2.7 million, as the organization peppered Facebook and Instagram with ads defending Israel’s actions in Gaza and pressuring politicians to support the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the war has roiled the region, AIPAC paid Meta about as much for ads in the 15 weeks following October 7th as the entire year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our effort is directed to encouraging pro-Israel Americans to stand with our democratic ally as it battles Iranian proxies in the aftermath of the barbaric Hamas attack of October 7th,” Marshall Wittmann, a spokesperson for AIPAC, said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(See the data on our \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/the-markup/investigation-meta-political-violence-ads\">Github repo\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008154\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12008154\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-2-copy-800x1298.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1298\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-2-copy-800x1298.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-2-copy-160x260.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-2-copy.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalMatters and The Markup ran a simple search of Meta’s Ad Library and found ads for merchandise related to Trump’s assassination attempt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other ad campaigns mentioning Israel supported different sides of the conflict. Doctors Without Borders, for example, used advertising to highlight the humanitarian crisis in Gaza. Other ads defended and promoted Israel. The Christian Broadcasting Network tied the October 7th attack to a claim in an ad that Iran’s “final, deadly goal” was “to establish a modern caliphate—an Islamic-founded, tyrannical government—across the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta, the parent company of Facebook and Instagram, takes in the vast majority of its revenue \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2023/10/25/meta-earnings-record-profits-sales-as-ads-stay-robust-during-zuckerbergs-year-of-efficiency/\">from targeted advertising\u003c/a>. The company tracks users online to profile their habits and, when a business or organization wants to reach them, lets those businesses pay to send ads to people who might be interested. Those ads might be tied to something perfectly wholesome, like gardening. But the company’s algorithms don’t distinguish between simple hobbies and something darker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta spokesperson Tracy Clayton said in an emailed statement that Meta did not ultimately profit from political violence, as advertisers broadly back away from advertising during times of strife for fear their ads will be promoted alongside news of the violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton noted Meta’s chief financial officer recently said on an earnings call that it is “hard for us to attribute demand softness directly to any specific geopolitical event” but had seen lower ad spending “correlating with the start of the conflict” in the Middle East, and had seen similar at the start of the war in Ukraine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Advertisers responding to current events are nothing new, and it’s seen across the media landscape, including on television, radio, and online news outlets,” Clayton said. “All ads that run on our platform must go through a review process and adhere to our advertising and community standards, and Meta offers an extra layer of transparency by making them publicly available in our Ad Library.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalMatters and The Markup used Meta’s own tools to calculate how much Meta makes from spikes in advertising when instances of political violence happen, reviewing thousands of ads through both manual review and with the assistance of \u003ca href=\"https://www.llama.com/\">an AI model\u003c/a> offered by Meta itself. (We also made improvements to Meta Research’s scripts for accessing the Ad Library API, and \u003ca href=\"https://github.com/the-markup/Ad-Library-API-Script-Repository/\">we’re sharing our changes\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To examine the assassination attempt merchandise, we ran a simple search of \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ads/library/\">Meta’s Ad Library\u003c/a> for ads that mentioned “assassination,” including any in our analysis that also mentioned “Trump” and hundreds of others that didn’t mention the former president by name but were clearly related to the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First they jail him, now they try to end him,” one ad read. A conspiratorial ad for a commemorative two-dollar bill claimed “the assassination attempt was their Plan B,” while “Plan A was to make Biden abandon the presidential campaign.” Some ads used clips from the film JFK to suggest an unseen, malevolent force was at work in the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008157\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12008157\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy-800x1576.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1576\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy-800x1576.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy-160x315.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy-780x1536.jpg 780w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-3-copy.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalMatters and The Markup found that gun advocates used the presidential assassination attempt to promote products and services on Facebook, including this advertisement for a firearms safety course.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gun advocates paid for ads, using the assassination attempt as a foreboding call to action. One ad promoting a firearms safety course noted that “November is fast approaching.” A clothing business said in an ad that, since “the government can’t save you” from foreign enemies, Americans “need to be self-reliant, self-made, and self-sufficient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because when those bullets zip by, you are clearly on your own,” the ad read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those ads did not appear to violate Meta’s policies, although some may have broken its \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.meta.com/policies/community-standards/violence-incitement/\">ban against\u003c/a> showing weapons while alleging “election-related corruption.” But even the ones that didn’t clearly violate Meta’s rules still place the company in an uncomfortable position, as the business takes in advertising dollars from posts tied to grim news cycles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg himself commented on the first Trump assassination attempt, saying \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-07-19/mark-zuckerberg-calls-donald-trump-badass-without-endorsing-for-president\">in an interview\u003c/a> that it was “one of the most badass things I’ve ever seen in my life.” Trump has now survived a second apparent assassination attempt, and Zuckerberg’s company has made millions of dollars through political advertising tied to these and other violent acts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Paul, director of the Tech Transparency Project, a nonprofit advocacy organization, said “it’s not a surprise” that ads around political violence would pop up after incidents “if Meta is not making any effort even on a good day to effectively enforce their policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s huge problems with their advertising broadly,” she said. “They’re profiting off of a lot of harmful things, really without any sort of repercussions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Trump-fueled business and cash from war\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many businesses paying for the assassination ads sold pro-Trump gear before the shooting — and some might have spent a similar amount on ads if the shooting never happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for some, the assassination attempt effectively became an entire business strategy, according to the review of Meta advertising data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A clothing company called Red First, which offers everything from customized shirts for pet owners to flags saying “Hillary belongs in prison,” offered assassination-related merchandise through a network of pages with names like 50 Stars Nation and Red White and Blue Zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company, which operates in California and Vietnam, according to Meta’s required disclosures, has spent more than $1.8 million since February 2023 to promote ads through its various pages. But in the wake of the shooting, the company pivoted to merchandise around the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12008160\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12008160\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy-800x1571.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1571\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy-800x1571.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy-160x314.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy-782x1536.jpg 782w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/100324-FB-AD-CM-TM-SCREENSHOT-4-copy.jpg 896w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">CalMatters and The Markup found that gun advocates used the presidential assassination attempt to promote products and services on Facebook, including this advertisement for a firearms safety course.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Red First’s ads were relatively innocuous compared to some that sprang up after the shooting – they promoted Trump, not the shooting, and not the idea of retaliation for it. One shirt showed an illustration of Trump, middle fingers in the air, and the words “you missed bigly.” The company has also offered Kamala Harris merchandise, recently launching a page dedicated to it as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the ads related to the shooting simultaneously sold products, promoted Trump, and let Meta reap advertising cash from the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the thousands of ads posted by the company didn’t explicitly use the word “assassination,” but clearly referenced the event in other ways, using slogans like “he will overcome,” “fight fight fight,” “legends never die,” and “shooting makes me stronger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To suss out which ads were related to the shooting, we reviewed more than 4,200 ads from the company’s different pages with the assistance of a large language model \u003ca href=\"https://www.llama.com/\">named Llama\u003c/a>, a Meta AI model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We programmed the model to evaluate the text of each ad to determine whether it was related to the assassination attempt, then manually reviewed hundreds of its classifications to ensure it was working as expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After our review, we determined that more than 2,600 of those more than 4,200 ads were related to the assassination attempt. The total Red First paid to Meta in the 10 weeks after the shooting for those ads: between $473,000 and $798,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red First lists a phone number and street address in Southern California, but didn’t respond to phone or email, and the listed address is for a mail-opening service.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The NRA and violent ads around the globe\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The advocacy organization the Tech Transparency Project has charted how the National Rifle Association has \u003ca href=\"https://www.techtransparencyproject.org/articles/profiting-from-tragedy\">paid to promote pro-gun views\u003c/a> on Meta and Google’s ad platforms after mass shootings. Despite calls from tech company executives for gun control, those companies profit from NRA spending that spikes after shootings, the group has pointed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the mass school shooting in Parkland, Fla., the NRA increased its spending on Google and Facebook ads, the Tech Transparency Project noted in one report. In 2018, the year of the shooting, Meta received “more than $2 million in advertising fees from the NRA starting in May of that year,” the report found, which also found that “NRA ad spending reached its highest levels on Google and soared on Facebook” following a week of mass shootings the following year that left dozens of people dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.techtransparencyproject.org/articles/how-facebook-profits-insurrection\">Just days\u003c/a> before the January 6th insurrection, the Tech Transparency Project found that Meta hosted ads offering gun holsters and rifle accessories in far-right Facebook groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internationally, Meta has often lapsed in its pledge to keep violent content off its platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta’s ad policies forbid calling for violence. But when faced with crucial tests of its content moderation practices, the company has repeatedly failed to detect and remove inflammatory ads. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/11/06/technology/myanmar-facebook.html\">A 2018 report\u003c/a>, commissioned by Facebook itself, found that its platform had been used to incite violence in Myanmar, and that the company hadn’t done enough to prevent it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alia Al Ghussain, a researcher on technology issues at Amnesty International, said that as troubling as some ads might be in English, ads in other languages may be even more likely to pass Meta’s content moderation. “In most of the non-English-speaking world, Facebook doesn’t have the resources that it needs to moderate the content on the platform effectively and safely,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite later admitting responsibility for violence in Myanmar, the company continues to be faulted for gaps in its international moderation work. Another advocacy organization found in a test that the company approved calls for \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jun/09/facebook-hate-speech-test-fail-meta\">the murder of ethnic groups in Ethiopia\u003c/a>. More recently, a similar test by \u003ca href=\"https://theintercept.com/2023/11/21/facebook-ad-israel-palestine-violence/\">an advocacy organization found\u003c/a> that ads explicitly calling for violence against Palestinians—a flagrant violation of Meta’s rules—were still approved to run by the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If ads which are presenting a risk of stoking tension or spreading misinformation are being approved in the US, in English, it really makes me fearful for what is happening in other countries in non-English-speaking languages,” Al Ghussain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "US Surgeon General Urges Congress to Require Warning Labels for Social Media",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3 p.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. surgeon general has called on Congress to require warning labels on social media platforms similar to those now \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/cigarette-graphic-pictures-warning-labels-cancer-bb9395a53f3e414decafc9efd0df52ab\">mandatory on cigarette boxes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Monday opinion piece in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>, Dr. Vivek Murthy said that social media is a contributing factor in the mental health crisis among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time to require a surgeon general’s warning label on social media platforms, stating that social media is associated with significant mental health harms for adolescents. A surgeon general’s warning label, which requires congressional action, would regularly remind parents and adolescents that social media has not been proved safe,” Murthy said. “Evidence from tobacco studies show that warning labels can increase awareness and change behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murthy said that the use of just a warning label wouldn’t make social media safe for young people but would be a part of the steps needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media use is prevalent among young people, with up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\">95% of youth\u003c/a> ages 13 to 17 saying that they use a social media platform and more than a third saying that they use social media “almost constantly,” according to 2022 data from the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Social media today is like tobacco decades ago: It’s a product whose business model depends on addicting kids. And as with cigarettes, a surgeon general’s warning label is a critical step toward mitigating the threat to children,” Josh Golin, executive director at Fairplay, an organization that is dedicated to ending marketing to children, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/surgeon-general-kids-social-media-teens-tiktok-instagram-443530d9baa3f91386bf9fbfb313bbaf\">Murthy\u003c/a> warned that there wasn’t enough evidence to show that \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf\">social media (PDF)\u003c/a> is safe for children and teens. He said at the time that policymakers needed to address the harms of social media the same way they regulate things like car seats, baby formula, medication and other products children use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To comply with federal regulation, social media companies already ban kids under 13 from signing up for their platforms — but children have been shown to easily get around the bans, both with and without their parents’ consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other measures social platforms have taken to address concerns about children’s mental health can also be easily circumvented. For instance, TikTok introduced a default \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-minors-social-media-china-time-limit-f735bd496ea3513abfc6480e5637abd8\">60-minute time limit\u003c/a> for users under 18. However, once the limit is reached, minors can simply enter a passcode to keep watching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11990685\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11990685\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Surgeon General Vivek Murthy greets Chairman Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) during the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee hearing titled ‘Why Are So Many American Youth in a Mental Health Crisis? Exploring Causes and Solutions,’ in Dirksen Building on Thursday, June 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Murthy believes the impact of social media on young people should be a more pressing concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is it that we have failed to respond to the harms of social media when they are no less urgent or widespread than those posed by unsafe cars, planes or food? These harms are not a failure of willpower and parenting; they are the consequence of unleashing powerful technology without adequate safety measures, transparency or accountability,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Steyer, CEO of Common Sense Media, a nonprofit that reviews and rates media and technology to provide information on suitability for children, says the warning label would be a bold move since it would be an acknowledgment by the nation’s leading public health official that social media usage can be hazardous to your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The platforms themselves have spent years, for the most part, trying to deny this, to deflect criticism,” said Steyer, in an interview with KQED. “… These are the richest, most powerful companies in the history of the universe. And yet they spend hundreds of millions of dollars lobbying against regulation and legislation, and I think they should stop doing that, I think they should support the warning label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But don’t hold your breath.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the CEOs of Meta, TikTok, X and other social media companies went before the Senate Judiciary Committee to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/meta-tiktok-snap-discord-zuckerberg-testify-senate-00754a6bea92aaad62585ed55f219932\">testify\u003c/a> as parents worry that they’re not doing enough to protect young people. The executives touted existing safety tools on their platforms and the work they’ve done with nonprofits and law enforcement to protect minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murthy said Monday that Congress needs to implement legislation that will protect young people from online harassment, abuse and exploitation and from exposure to extreme violence and sexual content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The measures should prevent platforms from collecting sensitive data from children and should restrict the use of features like push notifications, autoplay and infinite scroll, which prey on developing brains and contribute to excessive use,” Murthy wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"forum_2010101905460,news_11988031,mindshift_62233\"]The surgeon general is also recommending that companies be required to share all their data on health effects with independent scientists and the public, which they currently don’t do, and allow independent safety audits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murthy said schools and parents also need to participate in providing phone-free times and that doctors, nurses and other clinicians should help guide families toward safer practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Murthy pushes for more to be done about social media in the United States, the European Union enacted \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-police-social-media-reform-52744e1d0f5b93a426f966138f2ccb52\">groundbreaking new digital rules\u003c/a> last year. The Digital Services Act is part of a suite of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ai-act-artificial-intelligence-europe-regulation-94e2b38703b38fdbfabc9580f845ef9a\">tech-focused regulations\u003c/a> crafted by the 27-nation bloc — long a global leader in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-europe-rules-906fc89d2561b200fa6eb40a06b946a5\">cracking down on tech giants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DSA is designed to keep users safe online and make it \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/twitter-russia-china-elon-musk-ukraine-2eedeabf7d555dc1d0a68b3724cfdd55\">much harder to spread content\u003c/a> that’s either illegal, like hate speech or child sexual abuse, or violates a platform’s terms of service. It also looks to protect citizens’ fundamental rights, such as privacy and free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have warned tech companies that violations could bring fines worth up to 6% of their global revenue — which could amount to billions — or even a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/chatgpt-openai-artificial-intelligence-rules-europe-1a249ab94593356940d8f56d15e8a019\">ban from the EU\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents really are fed up now,” said Steyer of Common Sense Media. “I don’t think that social media companies should bury their heads in the sand. I think they should get on board with this and embrace it in a positive way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unequivocally, social media is a significant contributing factor to this youth mental health crisis. Period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Rachael Myrow contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Surgeon General Vivek Murthy has called on Congress to enact legislation that addresses the adverse mental health effects of social media on youth, urging warning labels like those required for cigarettes and alcohol as a first step.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3 p.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. surgeon general has called on Congress to require warning labels on social media platforms similar to those now \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/cigarette-graphic-pictures-warning-labels-cancer-bb9395a53f3e414decafc9efd0df52ab\">mandatory on cigarette boxes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Monday opinion piece in \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em>, Dr. Vivek Murthy said that social media is a contributing factor in the mental health crisis among young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is time to require a surgeon general’s warning label on social media platforms, stating that social media is associated with significant mental health harms for adolescents. A surgeon general’s warning label, which requires congressional action, would regularly remind parents and adolescents that social media has not been proved safe,” Murthy said. “Evidence from tobacco studies show that warning labels can increase awareness and change behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murthy said that the use of just a warning label wouldn’t make social media safe for young people but would be a part of the steps needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media use is prevalent among young people, with up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2022/08/10/teens-social-media-and-technology-2022/\">95% of youth\u003c/a> ages 13 to 17 saying that they use a social media platform and more than a third saying that they use social media “almost constantly,” according to 2022 data from the Pew Research Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Social media today is like tobacco decades ago: It’s a product whose business model depends on addicting kids. And as with cigarettes, a surgeon general’s warning label is a critical step toward mitigating the threat to children,” Josh Golin, executive director at Fairplay, an organization that is dedicated to ending marketing to children, said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/surgeon-general-kids-social-media-teens-tiktok-instagram-443530d9baa3f91386bf9fbfb313bbaf\">Murthy\u003c/a> warned that there wasn’t enough evidence to show that \u003ca href=\"https://www.hhs.gov/sites/default/files/sg-youth-mental-health-social-media-advisory.pdf\">social media (PDF)\u003c/a> is safe for children and teens. He said at the time that policymakers needed to address the harms of social media the same way they regulate things like car seats, baby formula, medication and other products children use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To comply with federal regulation, social media companies already ban kids under 13 from signing up for their platforms — but children have been shown to easily get around the bans, both with and without their parents’ consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other measures social platforms have taken to address concerns about children’s mental health can also be easily circumvented. For instance, TikTok introduced a default \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/tiktok-minors-social-media-china-time-limit-f735bd496ea3513abfc6480e5637abd8\">60-minute time limit\u003c/a> for users under 18. However, once the limit is reached, minors can simply enter a passcode to keep watching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11990685\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11990685\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GettyImages-1258535977-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">US Surgeon General Vivek Murthy greets Chairman Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) during the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions Committee hearing titled ‘Why Are So Many American Youth in a Mental Health Crisis? Exploring Causes and Solutions,’ in Dirksen Building on Thursday, June 8, 2023. \u003ccite>(Tom Williams/CQ-Roll Call, Inc via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Murthy believes the impact of social media on young people should be a more pressing concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is it that we have failed to respond to the harms of social media when they are no less urgent or widespread than those posed by unsafe cars, planes or food? These harms are not a failure of willpower and parenting; they are the consequence of unleashing powerful technology without adequate safety measures, transparency or accountability,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Steyer, CEO of Common Sense Media, a nonprofit that reviews and rates media and technology to provide information on suitability for children, says the warning label would be a bold move since it would be an acknowledgment by the nation’s leading public health official that social media usage can be hazardous to your health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The platforms themselves have spent years, for the most part, trying to deny this, to deflect criticism,” said Steyer, in an interview with KQED. “… These are the richest, most powerful companies in the history of the universe. And yet they spend hundreds of millions of dollars lobbying against regulation and legislation, and I think they should stop doing that, I think they should support the warning label.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But don’t hold your breath.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, the CEOs of Meta, TikTok, X and other social media companies went before the Senate Judiciary Committee to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/meta-tiktok-snap-discord-zuckerberg-testify-senate-00754a6bea92aaad62585ed55f219932\">testify\u003c/a> as parents worry that they’re not doing enough to protect young people. The executives touted existing safety tools on their platforms and the work they’ve done with nonprofits and law enforcement to protect minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murthy said Monday that Congress needs to implement legislation that will protect young people from online harassment, abuse and exploitation and from exposure to extreme violence and sexual content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The measures should prevent platforms from collecting sensitive data from children and should restrict the use of features like push notifications, autoplay and infinite scroll, which prey on developing brains and contribute to excessive use,” Murthy wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The surgeon general is also recommending that companies be required to share all their data on health effects with independent scientists and the public, which they currently don’t do, and allow independent safety audits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murthy said schools and parents also need to participate in providing phone-free times and that doctors, nurses and other clinicians should help guide families toward safer practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Murthy pushes for more to be done about social media in the United States, the European Union enacted \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/technology-business-police-social-media-reform-52744e1d0f5b93a426f966138f2ccb52\">groundbreaking new digital rules\u003c/a> last year. The Digital Services Act is part of a suite of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ai-act-artificial-intelligence-europe-regulation-94e2b38703b38fdbfabc9580f845ef9a\">tech-focused regulations\u003c/a> crafted by the 27-nation bloc — long a global leader in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/artificial-intelligence-chatgpt-europe-rules-906fc89d2561b200fa6eb40a06b946a5\">cracking down on tech giants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DSA is designed to keep users safe online and make it \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/twitter-russia-china-elon-musk-ukraine-2eedeabf7d555dc1d0a68b3724cfdd55\">much harder to spread content\u003c/a> that’s either illegal, like hate speech or child sexual abuse, or violates a platform’s terms of service. It also looks to protect citizens’ fundamental rights, such as privacy and free speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials have warned tech companies that violations could bring fines worth up to 6% of their global revenue — which could amount to billions — or even a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/chatgpt-openai-artificial-intelligence-rules-europe-1a249ab94593356940d8f56d15e8a019\">ban from the EU\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Parents really are fed up now,” said Steyer of Common Sense Media. “I don’t think that social media companies should bury their heads in the sand. I think they should get on board with this and embrace it in a positive way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unequivocally, social media is a significant contributing factor to this youth mental health crisis. Period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Rachael Myrow contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How to Opt Out of Meta’s Political Content Limit on Instagram and Threads",
"headTitle": "How to Opt Out of Meta’s Political Content Limit on Instagram and Threads | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Meta — the parent company of Facebook, Instagram and Threads — is making good on its promise to tamp down the amount of political posts that users see on their feeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/continuing-our-approach-to-political-content-on-instagram-and-threads\">said in early February\u003c/a> that Instagram and Threads would stop recommending political content from accounts that users don’t already follow. It said it would roll out the changes “slowly over time,” though did not specify when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Adam Mosseri, head of Instagram\"]‘Our goal is to preserve the ability for people to choose to interact with political content while respecting each person’s appetite for it.’[/pullquote]The change started unrolling for users last week, Meta confirmed to NPR on Monday. And Instagram users quickly started noticing that their default settings had changed to limit content that is “likely to mention governments, elections, or social topics that affect a group of people and/or society at large,” as the app now puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change has caught even the most online off guard, with many users \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/mattxiv/status/1771201399289696576?s=20\">criticizing Meta\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2024/03/instagram-users-outraged-by-app-limiting-political-content-ahead-of-elections/\">limiting political content\u003c/a> in a year when the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/20/1225795005/2024-is-a-big-election-year-around-the-globe-will-democracy-win\">U.S. and several other countries\u003c/a> will hold pivotal elections — and for doing so with relatively little warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many noted that Meta’s definition of political content — “potentially related to things like laws, elections, or social topics” — appears rather broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has refused to clarify further what exactly constitutes political content under its cryptic definition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the move aligns with a yearslong shift away from news across Meta’s services. Last year, the company’s executives said Threads would not boost posts about news and social issues, angering many who turn to social media to stay up to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesperson Dani Lever told several media outlets that the change builds on “years of work on how we approach and treat political content based on what people have told us they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While company executives argue that the shift away from news is what users want, experts say Meta is also trying to distance itself from accusations of political bias and being blamed for the rise of misinformation and the growth of online extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What the change does — and how to undo it\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meta has emphasized that the new setting won’t affect content from accounts that people already follow and that it gives them the option to choose how much political content they get recommended otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram head Adam Mosseri \u003ca href=\"https://www.threads.net/@mosseri/post/C3IjVOovcS5\">said on Threads\u003c/a> last month that the change will influence what people see on their main feeds of Instagram and Threads, like the explore page, reels, feed recommendations and suggested users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to preserve the ability for people to choose to interact with political content while respecting each person’s appetite for it,” Mosseri said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta has stressed that people who want political recommendations can still opt in to getting them. Here’s how:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Go to your Instagram profile\u003c/strong> and tap the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner to open the “Settings and activity” tab.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Scroll down to the “What you see”\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>section\u003c/strong> and click on “Content preferences.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Open the “Political content” page\u003c/strong> and turn on the “Don’t limit political content” option.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meta is characterizing the change as an extension of its current approach to political content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It made \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/07/21/facebook-tiktok-feed-changes\">significant changes to its algorithm\u003c/a> in recent years after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/27/1190383104/new-study-shows-just-how-facebooks-algorithm-shapes-conservative-and-liberal-bub\">mounting evidence and criticism\u003c/a> of the role that Facebook and Instagram played in sowing misinformation and polarization in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. elections. Facebook has increasingly leaned into entertainment and away from news, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/22/metas-retreat-from-news-accelerated-in-2023-leaving-media-scrambling.html\">disrupting traffic for many major publishers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have told us they want to see less political content, so we have spent the last few years refining our approach on Facebook to reduce the amount of political content — including from politicians’ accounts — you see in Feed, Reels, Watch, Groups You Should Join, and Pages You May Like,” Meta \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/features/approach-to-political-content\">explained in February\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It said Facebook users will also get the choice to opt in to political recommendations “at a later date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Bobby Allyn contributed reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meta+is+limiting+how+much+political+content+users+see.+Here%27s+how+to+opt+out+of+that&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Meta — the parent company of Facebook, Instagram and Threads — is making good on its promise to tamp down the amount of political posts that users see on their feeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta \u003ca href=\"https://about.instagram.com/blog/announcements/continuing-our-approach-to-political-content-on-instagram-and-threads\">said in early February\u003c/a> that Instagram and Threads would stop recommending political content from accounts that users don’t already follow. It said it would roll out the changes “slowly over time,” though did not specify when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Our goal is to preserve the ability for people to choose to interact with political content while respecting each person’s appetite for it.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The change started unrolling for users last week, Meta confirmed to NPR on Monday. And Instagram users quickly started noticing that their default settings had changed to limit content that is “likely to mention governments, elections, or social topics that affect a group of people and/or society at large,” as the app now puts it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change has caught even the most online off guard, with many users \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/mattxiv/status/1771201399289696576?s=20\">criticizing Meta\u003c/a> for \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2024/03/instagram-users-outraged-by-app-limiting-political-content-ahead-of-elections/\">limiting political content\u003c/a> in a year when the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/01/20/1225795005/2024-is-a-big-election-year-around-the-globe-will-democracy-win\">U.S. and several other countries\u003c/a> will hold pivotal elections — and for doing so with relatively little warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And many noted that Meta’s definition of political content — “potentially related to things like laws, elections, or social topics” — appears rather broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has refused to clarify further what exactly constitutes political content under its cryptic definition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the move aligns with a yearslong shift away from news across Meta’s services. Last year, the company’s executives said Threads would not boost posts about news and social issues, angering many who turn to social media to stay up to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokesperson Dani Lever told several media outlets that the change builds on “years of work on how we approach and treat political content based on what people have told us they wanted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While company executives argue that the shift away from news is what users want, experts say Meta is also trying to distance itself from accusations of political bias and being blamed for the rise of misinformation and the growth of online extremism.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What the change does — and how to undo it\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meta has emphasized that the new setting won’t affect content from accounts that people already follow and that it gives them the option to choose how much political content they get recommended otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram head Adam Mosseri \u003ca href=\"https://www.threads.net/@mosseri/post/C3IjVOovcS5\">said on Threads\u003c/a> last month that the change will influence what people see on their main feeds of Instagram and Threads, like the explore page, reels, feed recommendations and suggested users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our goal is to preserve the ability for people to choose to interact with political content while respecting each person’s appetite for it,” Mosseri said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meta has stressed that people who want political recommendations can still opt in to getting them. Here’s how:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Go to your Instagram profile\u003c/strong> and tap the three horizontal lines in the top-right corner to open the “Settings and activity” tab.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Scroll down to the “What you see”\u003c/strong> \u003cstrong>section\u003c/strong> and click on “Content preferences.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Open the “Political content” page\u003c/strong> and turn on the “Don’t limit political content” option.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meta is characterizing the change as an extension of its current approach to political content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It made \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/07/21/facebook-tiktok-feed-changes\">significant changes to its algorithm\u003c/a> in recent years after \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/07/27/1190383104/new-study-shows-just-how-facebooks-algorithm-shapes-conservative-and-liberal-bub\">mounting evidence and criticism\u003c/a> of the role that Facebook and Instagram played in sowing misinformation and polarization in the 2016 and 2020 U.S. elections. Facebook has increasingly leaned into entertainment and away from news, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2024/01/22/metas-retreat-from-news-accelerated-in-2023-leaving-media-scrambling.html\">disrupting traffic for many major publishers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have told us they want to see less political content, so we have spent the last few years refining our approach on Facebook to reduce the amount of political content — including from politicians’ accounts — you see in Feed, Reels, Watch, Groups You Should Join, and Pages You May Like,” Meta \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/features/approach-to-political-content\">explained in February\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It said Facebook users will also get the choice to opt in to political recommendations “at a later date.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Bobby Allyn contributed reporting. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2024 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Meta+is+limiting+how+much+political+content+users+see.+Here%27s+how+to+opt+out+of+that&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "why-californias-tech-industry-tax-contributions-are-a-double-edged-sword",
"title": "Why California's Tech Industry Tax Contributions Are a Double-Edged Sword",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you’re a California resident, you use tax-funded roads, schools and other services, so you’re on the Silicon Valley financial roller coaster whether you know it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech industry has contributed an increasing amount to the state budget, and even the way tech companies pay their employees has become a growing source of the state’s income tax revenue, a new analysis shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many tech companies pay their employees base wages as well as stock options. Vested stock options — options that have matured and are fully owned by employees who can choose to sell them — are treated like ordinary income for tax purposes. Companies must pay withholding taxes on part of that income to state and federal governments. Last year, those taxes paid by the four largest tech companies in the state — Apple, Google, Meta and Nvidia — grew to at least $5 billion, making up more than 6% of all of the state’s income-tax withholding, the Legislative Analyst’s Office \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/789\">estimated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s up from 4% to 5% pre-pandemic, has more than doubled since 2016 and quadrupled over the past decade. That increase has come as those companies have grown tremendously in market value — the four of them are now worth more than $7 trillion. Last year, the withholding taxes they paid helped offset the effects of fewer initial public offerings on the state’s revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chas Alamo, the principal fiscal and policy analyst for the office, did the analysis. He said that if he had the resources to do a deeper dive and had tallied the stock-equity withholding from all large tech companies in the state instead of just the biggest four, it might make up as much as 10% of all income-tax withholding. That’s on top of what the tech industry contributes to the state’s income-tax revenue, which makes it even more dependent on tech’s ups and downs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, “withholding has been a stable barometer of how the state’s economy is doing,” Alamo said. “It hasn’t been subject to the volatility of the stock market. But that has changed over the last several years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tax revenue from stock-options withholding at the biggest tech companies has quadrupled in the past decade\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-CZPfV\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/CZPfV/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Californians have a stake in the health of the tech industry because the state relies so heavily on personal income taxes for revenue. In light of a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/01/newsom-budget-california/\">multibillion-dollar budget deficit\u003c/a> and mixed signals around tech — which, on the one hand, continues to lay off employees but, on the other hand, is seeing an artificial intelligence boom that has translated into gains on Wall Street — income-tax withholding from both tech employee wages, as well as the withholding from their stock options, matter more than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinpointing exactly how much tech-industry employment contributes to the state’s coffers can be tricky because tech companies have many different types of employees, but consider this: Software developers in the state earned about $48.9 billion, based on average annual earnings of about $190,000, according to data from the Employment Development Department as of the first quarter of last year. That total from just one segment of the industry was more than what the state received in total income-tax revenue from all sectors of the labor force through November: $47.2 billion, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sco.ca.gov/2023Nov_personal_income_tax_tracker.html\">State Controller’s tracker\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the rise in stock-equity withholding, it was the result of a great 2023 for the large tech companies whose financial filings Alamo analyzed, especially Meta and Nvidia. Shares in chip company Nvidia, whose graphics processing units dominate the artificial intelligence market, ended last year up about 239% from the previous year. Facebook parent company Meta’s investments in artificial intelligence helped propel its stock 198% higher year over year. Meanwhile, the stocks of Apple and Google ended 2023 up 49% and 59% year over year, respectively. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Ahmad Thomas, chief executive, Silicon Valley Leadership Group\"]‘AI is going to power the next wave of economic growth in the state and nation.’[/pullquote]If artificial intelligence continues to lead to stock-market gains for tech companies, the state will keep reaping the rewards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts and economists are plenty optimistic about artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“AI is going to power the next wave of economic growth in the state and nation,” said Ahmad Thomas, chief executive of Silicon Valley Leadership Group, a tech policy advocacy group whose hundreds of member companies include some of the biggest names in tech and business. Thomas called the Bay Area the “epicenter” of artificial intelligence because most hot startups in the space are based in San Francisco or elsewhere in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Levy, a longtime economist and director of the Center for Continuing Study of the California Economy, an independent, private research organization, said that despite more than 260,000 layoffs in the tech industry worldwide last year, \u003ca href=\"https://layoffs.fyi/\">according to one count\u003c/a>, the number of tech jobs is now higher than what it was before the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Center echoes that for Jobs and the Economy, the information arm of the California Business Roundtable, an advocacy organization made up of top executives of the state’s major employers. The center said there were about 1.4 million jobs it considers part of the tech industry as of November 2023, about 76,000 more than the total tech jobs in the state in February 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levy said there is a “rebalancing” that’s going on in tech after all the hiring companies did during the pandemic, but that electric vehicles, cleantech infrastructure and artificial intelligence are “three areas [where he expects] massive amounts of money over the next five years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The budget Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed on Wednesday mentioned expectations for continued slower and more moderate job growth, which his staff also attributed to “reverting to historical trends as the labor market is now in the post-pandemic recovery period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past couple of years, fewer initial public offerings for companies in California — 195 in 2021 vs. 30 in 2023, according to \u003ca href=\"https://pitchbook.com/news/reports/q3-2023-pitchbook-nvca-venture-monitor\">data from PitchBook\u003c/a>, which keeps track of capital markets — have meant fewer newly minted multimillionaire tech employees and less state revenue from income-tax withholding and capital gains, which is the profit investors make when they sell stock. [aside label='More on Big Tech' tag='tech']PitchBook’s 2024 venture capital outlook, though, said that if inflation continues to ease and the Federal Reserve does not raise interest rates, IPOs could make a comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Alamo, of the Legislative Analyst’s Office, cautioned that just as companies’ stock-price surges can result in a bump in revenue from withholding, “the same could happen on the opposite side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one reason the Center for Jobs and the Economy has warned against the state’s heavy dependence on one region and has said the state needs to regulate — and spend — less. The tech-heavy Bay Area contributes more than 40% of personal income-tax revenue to the state, according to U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis figures cited by the group. And, as Newsom’s budget also pointed out this week, the top 1% earners in the state, most of whose income comes from stock-based compensation and capital gains, contributed half of all personal income taxes to the state in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is it really disguises the true economy of California,” said Brooke Armour, president of the California Center for Jobs and the Economy. “When you have one small part of the economy that carries the state, that papers over the affordability crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re a California resident, you use tax-funded roads, schools and other services, so you’re on the Silicon Valley financial roller coaster whether you know it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech industry has contributed an increasing amount to the state budget, and even the way tech companies pay their employees has become a growing source of the state’s income tax revenue, a new analysis shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many tech companies pay their employees base wages as well as stock options. Vested stock options — options that have matured and are fully owned by employees who can choose to sell them — are treated like ordinary income for tax purposes. Companies must pay withholding taxes on part of that income to state and federal governments. Last year, those taxes paid by the four largest tech companies in the state — Apple, Google, Meta and Nvidia — grew to at least $5 billion, making up more than 6% of all of the state’s income-tax withholding, the Legislative Analyst’s Office \u003ca href=\"https://lao.ca.gov/LAOEconTax/Article/Detail/789\">estimated\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s up from 4% to 5% pre-pandemic, has more than doubled since 2016 and quadrupled over the past decade. That increase has come as those companies have grown tremendously in market value — the four of them are now worth more than $7 trillion. Last year, the withholding taxes they paid helped offset the effects of fewer initial public offerings on the state’s revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chas Alamo, the principal fiscal and policy analyst for the office, did the analysis. He said that if he had the resources to do a deeper dive and had tallied the stock-equity withholding from all large tech companies in the state instead of just the biggest four, it might make up as much as 10% of all income-tax withholding. That’s on top of what the tech industry contributes to the state’s income-tax revenue, which makes it even more dependent on tech’s ups and downs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Historically, “withholding has been a stable barometer of how the state’s economy is doing,” Alamo said. “It hasn’t been subject to the volatility of the stock market. But that has changed over the last several years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Tax revenue from stock-options withholding at the biggest tech companies has quadrupled in the past decade\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-CZPfV\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/CZPfV/3/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"400\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Californians have a stake in the health of the tech industry because the state relies so heavily on personal income taxes for revenue. In light of a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/01/newsom-budget-california/\">multibillion-dollar budget deficit\u003c/a> and mixed signals around tech — which, on the one hand, continues to lay off employees but, on the other hand, is seeing an artificial intelligence boom that has translated into gains on Wall Street — income-tax withholding from both tech employee wages, as well as the withholding from their stock options, matter more than ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pinpointing exactly how much tech-industry employment contributes to the state’s coffers can be tricky because tech companies have many different types of employees, but consider this: Software developers in the state earned about $48.9 billion, based on average annual earnings of about $190,000, according to data from the Employment Development Department as of the first quarter of last year. That total from just one segment of the industry was more than what the state received in total income-tax revenue from all sectors of the labor force through November: $47.2 billion, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sco.ca.gov/2023Nov_personal_income_tax_tracker.html\">State Controller’s tracker\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the rise in stock-equity withholding, it was the result of a great 2023 for the large tech companies whose financial filings Alamo analyzed, especially Meta and Nvidia. Shares in chip company Nvidia, whose graphics processing units dominate the artificial intelligence market, ended last year up about 239% from the previous year. Facebook parent company Meta’s investments in artificial intelligence helped propel its stock 198% higher year over year. Meanwhile, the stocks of Apple and Google ended 2023 up 49% and 59% year over year, respectively. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>If artificial intelligence continues to lead to stock-market gains for tech companies, the state will keep reaping the rewards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts and economists are plenty optimistic about artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“AI is going to power the next wave of economic growth in the state and nation,” said Ahmad Thomas, chief executive of Silicon Valley Leadership Group, a tech policy advocacy group whose hundreds of member companies include some of the biggest names in tech and business. Thomas called the Bay Area the “epicenter” of artificial intelligence because most hot startups in the space are based in San Francisco or elsewhere in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stephen Levy, a longtime economist and director of the Center for Continuing Study of the California Economy, an independent, private research organization, said that despite more than 260,000 layoffs in the tech industry worldwide last year, \u003ca href=\"https://layoffs.fyi/\">according to one count\u003c/a>, the number of tech jobs is now higher than what it was before the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Center echoes that for Jobs and the Economy, the information arm of the California Business Roundtable, an advocacy organization made up of top executives of the state’s major employers. The center said there were about 1.4 million jobs it considers part of the tech industry as of November 2023, about 76,000 more than the total tech jobs in the state in February 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levy said there is a “rebalancing” that’s going on in tech after all the hiring companies did during the pandemic, but that electric vehicles, cleantech infrastructure and artificial intelligence are “three areas [where he expects] massive amounts of money over the next five years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The budget Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed on Wednesday mentioned expectations for continued slower and more moderate job growth, which his staff also attributed to “reverting to historical trends as the labor market is now in the post-pandemic recovery period.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past couple of years, fewer initial public offerings for companies in California — 195 in 2021 vs. 30 in 2023, according to \u003ca href=\"https://pitchbook.com/news/reports/q3-2023-pitchbook-nvca-venture-monitor\">data from PitchBook\u003c/a>, which keeps track of capital markets — have meant fewer newly minted multimillionaire tech employees and less state revenue from income-tax withholding and capital gains, which is the profit investors make when they sell stock. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>PitchBook’s 2024 venture capital outlook, though, said that if inflation continues to ease and the Federal Reserve does not raise interest rates, IPOs could make a comeback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Alamo, of the Legislative Analyst’s Office, cautioned that just as companies’ stock-price surges can result in a bump in revenue from withholding, “the same could happen on the opposite side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s one reason the Center for Jobs and the Economy has warned against the state’s heavy dependence on one region and has said the state needs to regulate — and spend — less. The tech-heavy Bay Area contributes more than 40% of personal income-tax revenue to the state, according to U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis figures cited by the group. And, as Newsom’s budget also pointed out this week, the top 1% earners in the state, most of whose income comes from stock-based compensation and capital gains, contributed half of all personal income taxes to the state in 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is it really disguises the true economy of California,” said Brooke Armour, president of the California Center for Jobs and the Economy. “When you have one small part of the economy that carries the state, that papers over the affordability crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>One year ahead of the 2024 presidential election, \u003ca href=\"https://www.commoncause.org/california/our-work/\">California Common Cause\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, nonpartisan good government advocacy group, has launched the California Institute for Technology and Democracy (\u003ca href=\"https://cited.tech/\">CITED\u003c/a>), to counter the impacts of AI, deepfakes and disinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes sense that the first such effort is in California, a state that is home to the largest technology companies in the world, but also a state that has a track record of leading the nation in technology policy regulation,” said Ishan Mehta, media and democracy program director at the national branch of Common Cause in Washington D.C., during a Tuesday news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CITED, which claims to be the first organization of its kind at the state level, wants to serve as an information hub, recommending policies to state and congressional lawmakers and highlighting what online tools could be used to spread disinformation, especially during election seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of the recent policy focus has been on the concerns of the use of AI tools for national security and law enforcement purposes, and I think rightly so. But I think now it’s also time for us to focus on how these same tools can be misused to improperly influence and manipulate our democratic processes. Whether real or not, they can pose a threat to the integrity of elections,” said Angélica Salceda, director of the ACLU of Northern California’s Democracy and Civic Engagement Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the run-up to the 2020 election,\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/elections-voting-misinformation-race-immigration-712a5c5a9b72c1668b8c9b1eb6e0038a\"> disinformation ran riot on social media platforms\u003c/a>. Facebook ads targeting Latino and Asian American voters described Joe Biden as a communist. \u003ca href=\"https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/dog-peeing-trump-sign/\">Doctored images\u003c/a> showed dogs urinating on Donald Trump campaign posters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11932611/with-mass-social-media-layoffs-researchers-warn-of-rise-in-hate-speech\">major platforms have gutted their content moderation teams\u003c/a>, a shift many civil society advocates decry, especially ahead of what’s expected to be a contentious presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can all imagine a scenario where AI is used to target limited English-speaking voters and spread false information about polling locations or voting opportunities. Even without the use of AI, we’ve seen some campaigns use these tactics,” Salceda said. “Now imagine these same tactics super-charged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disinformation landscape includes altered videos and generative AI, which has streamlined the creation of deep fakes – like \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxXpB9pSETo\">this one featuring the actor Morgan Freeman\u003c/a>. Or \u003ca href=\"https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/ron-desantis-trump-gop-candidate/\">this one featuring Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we will see in the next year ranges from the silly stuff that’s not that silly — maybe Joe Biden falling down the stairs of AirForce One — to deeply pernicious, perhaps audio of an elections official ‘caught on tape’ saying that vote by mail ballots aren’t secure,” said Jonathan Mehta Stein, executive director of California Common Cause and a CITED board member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='More Silicon Valley Coverage' tag='silicon-valley']Last month, Meta’s oversight board announced it would review whether the Menlo Park-based social media giant chose poorly when it left up an altered video that suggested Biden is a “sick pedophile.” The video appeared to show the president repeatedly touching the chest of his adult granddaughter and kissing her on the cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/oversight/oversight-board-cases/president-biden-altered-video\">the company wrote in a blog post\u003c/a>: “Meta determined that the content did not violate our policies on \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/policies/community-standards/hate-speech/\">Hate Speech\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/policies/community-standards/bullying-harassment/\">Bullying and Harassment\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/policies/community-standards/misinformation/\">Manipulated Media\u003c/a>, as laid out in our Facebook Community Standards, and left the content up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Personally, when I find myself listening to a campaign video or a TV ad, I wonder whether any aspect of those videos, including voiceovers, are AI-generated,” Salceda said. “I don’t have a trained eye or ear to know the difference right now, and I wouldn’t be surprised if my experience was reflective of the average voter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CITED Director Drew Liebert, who served as chief of staff for former Senate Majority Leader Bob Hertzberg, noted the new institute doesn’t intend to exclude Silicon Valley from the policy discussion around AI. “We also very much intend to work, as best we can, with the tech platforms, to see what we can potentially do collaboratively,” Liebert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One year ahead of the 2024 presidential election, \u003ca href=\"https://www.commoncause.org/california/our-work/\">California Common Cause\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, nonpartisan good government advocacy group, has launched the California Institute for Technology and Democracy (\u003ca href=\"https://cited.tech/\">CITED\u003c/a>), to counter the impacts of AI, deepfakes and disinformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes sense that the first such effort is in California, a state that is home to the largest technology companies in the world, but also a state that has a track record of leading the nation in technology policy regulation,” said Ishan Mehta, media and democracy program director at the national branch of Common Cause in Washington D.C., during a Tuesday news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CITED, which claims to be the first organization of its kind at the state level, wants to serve as an information hub, recommending policies to state and congressional lawmakers and highlighting what online tools could be used to spread disinformation, especially during election seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of the recent policy focus has been on the concerns of the use of AI tools for national security and law enforcement purposes, and I think rightly so. But I think now it’s also time for us to focus on how these same tools can be misused to improperly influence and manipulate our democratic processes. Whether real or not, they can pose a threat to the integrity of elections,” said Angélica Salceda, director of the ACLU of Northern California’s Democracy and Civic Engagement Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the run-up to the 2020 election,\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/elections-voting-misinformation-race-immigration-712a5c5a9b72c1668b8c9b1eb6e0038a\"> disinformation ran riot on social media platforms\u003c/a>. Facebook ads targeting Latino and Asian American voters described Joe Biden as a communist. \u003ca href=\"https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/dog-peeing-trump-sign/\">Doctored images\u003c/a> showed dogs urinating on Donald Trump campaign posters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over the last year, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11932611/with-mass-social-media-layoffs-researchers-warn-of-rise-in-hate-speech\">major platforms have gutted their content moderation teams\u003c/a>, a shift many civil society advocates decry, especially ahead of what’s expected to be a contentious presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can all imagine a scenario where AI is used to target limited English-speaking voters and spread false information about polling locations or voting opportunities. Even without the use of AI, we’ve seen some campaigns use these tactics,” Salceda said. “Now imagine these same tactics super-charged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disinformation landscape includes altered videos and generative AI, which has streamlined the creation of deep fakes – like \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxXpB9pSETo\">this one featuring the actor Morgan Freeman\u003c/a>. Or \u003ca href=\"https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/ron-desantis-trump-gop-candidate/\">this one featuring Florida Gov. Ron DeSantis\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we will see in the next year ranges from the silly stuff that’s not that silly — maybe Joe Biden falling down the stairs of AirForce One — to deeply pernicious, perhaps audio of an elections official ‘caught on tape’ saying that vote by mail ballots aren’t secure,” said Jonathan Mehta Stein, executive director of California Common Cause and a CITED board member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last month, Meta’s oversight board announced it would review whether the Menlo Park-based social media giant chose poorly when it left up an altered video that suggested Biden is a “sick pedophile.” The video appeared to show the president repeatedly touching the chest of his adult granddaughter and kissing her on the cheek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/oversight/oversight-board-cases/president-biden-altered-video\">the company wrote in a blog post\u003c/a>: “Meta determined that the content did not violate our policies on \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/policies/community-standards/hate-speech/\">Hate Speech\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/policies/community-standards/bullying-harassment/\">Bullying and Harassment\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://transparency.fb.com/policies/community-standards/misinformation/\">Manipulated Media\u003c/a>, as laid out in our Facebook Community Standards, and left the content up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Personally, when I find myself listening to a campaign video or a TV ad, I wonder whether any aspect of those videos, including voiceovers, are AI-generated,” Salceda said. “I don’t have a trained eye or ear to know the difference right now, and I wouldn’t be surprised if my experience was reflective of the average voter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CITED Director Drew Liebert, who served as chief of staff for former Senate Majority Leader Bob Hertzberg, noted the new institute doesn’t intend to exclude Silicon Valley from the policy discussion around AI. “We also very much intend to work, as best we can, with the tech platforms, to see what we can potentially do collaboratively,” Liebert said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A growing group of academics and civil discourse advocates are \u003ca href=\"https://dfrlab.org/2023/10/12/in-israel-hamas-conflict-social-media-become-tools-of-propaganda-and-disinformation/\">sounding the alarm\u003c/a> over a surge in hate speech and disinformation on all major social media platforms as the Israel-Hamas war escalates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the most recent dramatic example, in the hours following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/18/world/middleeast/gaza-hospital-israel-hamas-explained.html\">Oct. 17 air strike of a hospital in Gaza\u003c/a> that killed scores of civilians. As journalists and respected investigative groups tried to make sense of the incident, social media exploded with unfounded accusations from Hamas and its supporters that the missile had been fired by Israel and had killed close to 500 people. They then cast doubt on subsequent evidence suggesting that the hospital was most likely hit by an errant rocket fired by Palestinian militants and that the death toll — while still strikingly high — was significantly lower than initially reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While incontrovertible confirmation of who perpetrated this particular tragedy may not come for some time — if ever — it’s clear that the chaotic online discourse around it further inflamed tensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Eroding trust\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just that there are fraudulent pieces of information out there. When the \u003cem>authentic\u003c/em> pieces of information come out, we don’t know if we should trust it,” said Hany Farid, a UC Berkeley School of Information professor specializing in detecting manipulated media and deep fakes. “And that makes reasoning about what is happening really difficult. Nobody fundamentally knows what’s going on anymore, and that’s insane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last year, major social media platforms have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11932611/with-mass-social-media-layoffs-researchers-warn-of-rise-in-hate-speech\">gutted their content moderation teams, a shift that many say is in part responsible for the proliferation of \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/19/1207173798/fake-accounts-old-videos-and-rumors-fuel-chaos-around-gaza-hospital-explosion\">photos and videos\u003c/a> of this war that turn out to be recycled from other conflicts — or are sometimes even clipped from video games.[pullquote align =\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Hany Farid, UC Berkeley School of Information\"]‘People should be angry that when they go online, they are being lied to. They are being manipulated by other people, by state-sponsored actors, and by the very platforms, and we are no longer informed citizens.’[/pullquote]“Let’s start with Twitter. (I refuse to call it X.) They just get a big fat F,” Farid said. “It is clear that Twitter has become more of a hellhole than it was pre-Musk, and it continues to decline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Elon Musk \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/technology/elon-musk-twitter-deal-complete.html\">bought Twitter last year\u003c/a> — and then changed its name to “X “— many observers say the social media platform, long influential among journalists, has increasingly become a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/18/hamas-social-media-terror/\">de facto rebroadcaster \u003c/a>of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/11/tiktok-youtube-israel-hamas-content-moderation/\">unfiltered war propaganda \u003c/a>posted on even more loosely moderated, conspiracy-prone platforms like Telegram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if X gets an “F” from hate-speech watchers during this latest conflict, Meta, which owns Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp and has considerably greater reach, gets something just north of F, said Callum Hood, head of research for the Center for Countering Digital Hate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I know that one of the most popular posts on Facebook — according to data that I know they have access to, as well — is footage of an execution, with no warnings on it, at all, I have very serious concerns about what they’re doing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED, a Meta spokesperson pointed to a company blog post about its \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2023/10/metas-efforts-regarding-israel-hamas-war/\">special operations center\u003c/a> staffed with experts, including fluent Hebrew and Arabic speakers, “working around the clock to monitor our platforms while protecting people’s ability to use our apps to shed light on important developments happening on the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘These are not new problems’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Content moderation is no easy task, especially when individuals with strong opinions post or repost factually inaccurate material, said Jillian York, director for international freedom of expression with the San Francisco-based Electronic Frontier Foundation. Last week, her group \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2023/10/social-media-platforms-must-do-better-when-handling-misinformation-especially\">posted an open letter\u003c/a> calling on social media companies to better handle misinformation, particularly during major international conflicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are not new problems,” York said. “We want platforms to ensure that their content moderation practices are transparent and consistent. We want them to sufficiently resource in every location in which they operate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every researcher KQED spoke to also lamented the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11905230/do-federal-lawmakers-have-the-stomach-to-rein-in-big-tech\">lack of federal regulation\u003c/a> of social media platforms. They noted how, in contrast, the European Union’s Digital Services Act went into effect a couple of months ago, requiring large platforms to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/23845672/eu-digital-services-act-explained\">employ robust procedures\u003c/a> to tackle systemic risks and abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a blog post, Meta acknowledged growing concerns among users that Facebook and Instagram appeared to be algorithmically curtailing the reach of certain posts, a technique known as “shadow banning.” The company characterized those incidents as “bugs,” which it says have since been fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bug affected accounts equally around the globe – not only people trying to post about what’s happening in Israel and Gaza – and it had nothing to do with the subject matter of the content,” Meta said in its blog post.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"disinformation\"]But researchers say their ability to monitor what’s actually gaining traction on Meta’s platforms through the company’s application programming interfaces, or APIs, has been limited. Crowdtangle is another analytics tool researchers have found useful in monitoring content — one they say Meta bought but has failed to maintain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facebook and Instagram is harder to study than ever. The truth is, I don’t think any organization has a very good grip on how disinformational hate is spreading on Facebook or Instagram right now because every possible tool that we once had for investigating it, they’re unusable,” Hood said. “Overall, maybe there’s less on these platforms, but we can’t actually say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hood and other researchers, a similar lack of transparency makes it impossible to independently assess the efforts of Tiktok, which\u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/our-continued-actions-to-protect-the-tiktok-community-during-the-israelhamas-war\"> recently announced \u003c/a>it launched a command center that brings together “key members” of its “40,000-strong global team of safety professionals,” and was working to remove posts that support or incite violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hood and Farid, among many other observers, say these recent efforts are largely ineffective because they are overlaid on top of an ad-based business model designed to keep users on the platforms by promoting engaging content, regardless of its veracity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Stop getting your information from social media’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“People should be angry that when they go online, they are being lied to. They are being manipulated by other people, by state-sponsored actors, and by the very platforms, and we are no longer informed citizens,” Farid said. “We’re not arguing about how to do something or if to do something. We’re arguing about 1 + 1 = 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, Farid adds, most news organizations have structural incentives to try to get the facts right, even though \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/512861/media-confidence-matches-2016-record-low.aspx?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email\">a large proportion of Americans\u003c/a> don’t trust them either. That is to say, journalists are concerned about maintaining their own credibility with news consumers and competitively assessing rivals’ news coverage to probe for weaknesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When things are unfolding as fast as they are, stop getting your information from social media,” he said. “I’m not saying that \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> always get it right. But at least they’re trying to get it right. And you can’t say that about social media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farid says he finds hope for the future in emerging content authentication protocols and technologies. He points to new efforts like the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (\u003ca href=\"https://c2pa.org\">C2PA\u003c/a>), an alliance between Adobe, Intel, Microsoft and other major tech companies to develop technical standards for certifying the provenance of media content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if I am in Gaza, and I film the bombing of a hospital, I can now verify when that was taken, who took it, where it was taken, and what was recorded,” Farid said. “That technology, we know how to do it. It just has to get deployed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A growing group of academics and civil discourse advocates are \u003ca href=\"https://dfrlab.org/2023/10/12/in-israel-hamas-conflict-social-media-become-tools-of-propaganda-and-disinformation/\">sounding the alarm\u003c/a> over a surge in hate speech and disinformation on all major social media platforms as the Israel-Hamas war escalates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the most recent dramatic example, in the hours following the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/18/world/middleeast/gaza-hospital-israel-hamas-explained.html\">Oct. 17 air strike of a hospital in Gaza\u003c/a> that killed scores of civilians. As journalists and respected investigative groups tried to make sense of the incident, social media exploded with unfounded accusations from Hamas and its supporters that the missile had been fired by Israel and had killed close to 500 people. They then cast doubt on subsequent evidence suggesting that the hospital was most likely hit by an errant rocket fired by Palestinian militants and that the death toll — while still strikingly high — was significantly lower than initially reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While incontrovertible confirmation of who perpetrated this particular tragedy may not come for some time — if ever — it’s clear that the chaotic online discourse around it further inflamed tensions.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Eroding trust\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“It’s not just that there are fraudulent pieces of information out there. When the \u003cem>authentic\u003c/em> pieces of information come out, we don’t know if we should trust it,” said Hany Farid, a UC Berkeley School of Information professor specializing in detecting manipulated media and deep fakes. “And that makes reasoning about what is happening really difficult. Nobody fundamentally knows what’s going on anymore, and that’s insane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last year, major social media platforms have \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11932611/with-mass-social-media-layoffs-researchers-warn-of-rise-in-hate-speech\">gutted their content moderation teams, a shift that many say is in part responsible for the proliferation of \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/19/1207173798/fake-accounts-old-videos-and-rumors-fuel-chaos-around-gaza-hospital-explosion\">photos and videos\u003c/a> of this war that turn out to be recycled from other conflicts — or are sometimes even clipped from video games.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Let’s start with Twitter. (I refuse to call it X.) They just get a big fat F,” Farid said. “It is clear that Twitter has become more of a hellhole than it was pre-Musk, and it continues to decline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Elon Musk \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/27/technology/elon-musk-twitter-deal-complete.html\">bought Twitter last year\u003c/a> — and then changed its name to “X “— many observers say the social media platform, long influential among journalists, has increasingly become a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/18/hamas-social-media-terror/\">de facto rebroadcaster \u003c/a>of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/10/11/tiktok-youtube-israel-hamas-content-moderation/\">unfiltered war propaganda \u003c/a>posted on even more loosely moderated, conspiracy-prone platforms like Telegram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if X gets an “F” from hate-speech watchers during this latest conflict, Meta, which owns Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp and has considerably greater reach, gets something just north of F, said Callum Hood, head of research for the Center for Countering Digital Hate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I know that one of the most popular posts on Facebook — according to data that I know they have access to, as well — is footage of an execution, with no warnings on it, at all, I have very serious concerns about what they’re doing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED, a Meta spokesperson pointed to a company blog post about its \u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2023/10/metas-efforts-regarding-israel-hamas-war/\">special operations center\u003c/a> staffed with experts, including fluent Hebrew and Arabic speakers, “working around the clock to monitor our platforms while protecting people’s ability to use our apps to shed light on important developments happening on the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘These are not new problems’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Content moderation is no easy task, especially when individuals with strong opinions post or repost factually inaccurate material, said Jillian York, director for international freedom of expression with the San Francisco-based Electronic Frontier Foundation. Last week, her group \u003ca href=\"https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2023/10/social-media-platforms-must-do-better-when-handling-misinformation-especially\">posted an open letter\u003c/a> calling on social media companies to better handle misinformation, particularly during major international conflicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are not new problems,” York said. “We want platforms to ensure that their content moderation practices are transparent and consistent. We want them to sufficiently resource in every location in which they operate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every researcher KQED spoke to also lamented the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11905230/do-federal-lawmakers-have-the-stomach-to-rein-in-big-tech\">lack of federal regulation\u003c/a> of social media platforms. They noted how, in contrast, the European Union’s Digital Services Act went into effect a couple of months ago, requiring large platforms to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/23845672/eu-digital-services-act-explained\">employ robust procedures\u003c/a> to tackle systemic risks and abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a blog post, Meta acknowledged growing concerns among users that Facebook and Instagram appeared to be algorithmically curtailing the reach of certain posts, a technique known as “shadow banning.” The company characterized those incidents as “bugs,” which it says have since been fixed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bug affected accounts equally around the globe – not only people trying to post about what’s happening in Israel and Gaza – and it had nothing to do with the subject matter of the content,” Meta said in its blog post.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But researchers say their ability to monitor what’s actually gaining traction on Meta’s platforms through the company’s application programming interfaces, or APIs, has been limited. Crowdtangle is another analytics tool researchers have found useful in monitoring content — one they say Meta bought but has failed to maintain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Facebook and Instagram is harder to study than ever. The truth is, I don’t think any organization has a very good grip on how disinformational hate is spreading on Facebook or Instagram right now because every possible tool that we once had for investigating it, they’re unusable,” Hood said. “Overall, maybe there’s less on these platforms, but we can’t actually say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Hood and other researchers, a similar lack of transparency makes it impossible to independently assess the efforts of Tiktok, which\u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.tiktok.com/en-us/our-continued-actions-to-protect-the-tiktok-community-during-the-israelhamas-war\"> recently announced \u003c/a>it launched a command center that brings together “key members” of its “40,000-strong global team of safety professionals,” and was working to remove posts that support or incite violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hood and Farid, among many other observers, say these recent efforts are largely ineffective because they are overlaid on top of an ad-based business model designed to keep users on the platforms by promoting engaging content, regardless of its veracity.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Stop getting your information from social media’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“People should be angry that when they go online, they are being lied to. They are being manipulated by other people, by state-sponsored actors, and by the very platforms, and we are no longer informed citizens,” Farid said. “We’re not arguing about how to do something or if to do something. We’re arguing about 1 + 1 = 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, Farid adds, most news organizations have structural incentives to try to get the facts right, even though \u003ca href=\"https://news.gallup.com/poll/512861/media-confidence-matches-2016-record-low.aspx?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email\">a large proportion of Americans\u003c/a> don’t trust them either. That is to say, journalists are concerned about maintaining their own credibility with news consumers and competitively assessing rivals’ news coverage to probe for weaknesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When things are unfolding as fast as they are, stop getting your information from social media,” he said. “I’m not saying that \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/em> always get it right. But at least they’re trying to get it right. And you can’t say that about social media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farid says he finds hope for the future in emerging content authentication protocols and technologies. He points to new efforts like the Coalition for Content Provenance and Authenticity (\u003ca href=\"https://c2pa.org\">C2PA\u003c/a>), an alliance between Adobe, Intel, Microsoft and other major tech companies to develop technical standards for certifying the provenance of media content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So if I am in Gaza, and I film the bombing of a hospital, I can now verify when that was taken, who took it, where it was taken, and what was recorded,” Farid said. “That technology, we know how to do it. It just has to get deployed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More than three dozen states, including California, New York and the District of Columbia, are filing federal and state lawsuits claiming Facebook and Instagram intentionally — and illegally — manipulate young users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit filed in federal court in California also claims that Meta routinely collects data on children under 13 without their parents’ consent, violating federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meta has harnessed powerful and unprecedented technologies to entice, engage, and ultimately ensnare youth and teens. Its motive is profit, and in seeking to maximize its financial gains, Meta has repeatedly misled the public about the substantial dangers of its social media platforms,” the complaint says. “It has concealed the ways in which these platforms exploit and manipulate its most vulnerable consumers: teenagers and children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad full-width]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits follow the collapse of settlement talks with the Menlo Park-based Meta, which operates both platforms. It’s also the result of an investigation led by a bipartisan coalition of attorneys general from Florida, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, Tennessee, Vermont and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Rob Bonta is part of the coalition of more than 30 AGs filing \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/FINAL%20Meta%20Multistate%20Complaint%2C%20N.D.%20Cal.%20%28REDACTED%2C%20CONFORMED%29.pdf\">the federal lawsuit\u003c/a> in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We refuse to allow the company to feign ignorance of the harm it knows it’s causing,” Bonta said in a statement on Tuesday. “We refuse to let it continue business as usual when that business is hurting our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the 33 states, nine other attorneys general are filing in their respective states, bringing the total number of states taking action to 42. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"California Attorney General Rob Bonta\"]‘We refuse to allow the company to feign ignorance of the harm it knows it’s causing. We refuse to let it continue business as usual when that business is hurting our children.’[/pullquote]“Kids and teenagers are suffering from record levels of poor mental health and social media companies like Meta are to blame,” New York Attorney General Letitia James said. “Meta has profited from children’s pain by intentionally designing its platforms with manipulative features that make children addicted to their platforms while lowering their self-esteem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Meta said it shares “the attorneys general’s commitment to providing teens with safe, positive experiences online, and have already introduced over 30 tools to support teens and their families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re disappointed that instead of working productively with companies across the industry to create clear, age-appropriate standards for the many apps teens use, the attorneys general have chosen this path,” the company added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits also come on the heels of damning newspaper reports, first published by \u003cem>The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> in the fall of 2021, based on Meta’s research that found that the company knew about the harms Instagram can cause teenagers — especially teen girls — when it comes to mental health and body image issues. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"New York Attorney General Letitia James\"]‘Kids and teenagers are suffering from record levels of poor mental health and social media companies like Meta are to blame.’[/pullquote]One internal study cited 13.5% of teen girls saying Instagram makes thoughts of suicide worse and 17% of teen girls saying it makes eating disorders worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the first reports, a consortium of news organizations, including \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em>, published their findings based on leaked documents from whistleblower Frances Haugen, who has testified before Congress and a British parliamentary committee about what she found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of social media among teens is nearly universal in the U.S. and many other parts of the world. Up to 95% of youth ages 13 to 17 in the U.S. report using a social media platform, with more than a third saying they use social media “almost constantly,” according to the Pew Research Center. [aside postID=news_11951924 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/060123-Meta-Facebook-Instagram-AP-JC-KQED-1020x680.jpg']To comply with federal regulation, social media companies ban kids under 13 from signing up to their platforms — but children have been shown to easily get around the bans, both with and without their parents’ consent, and many younger kids have social media accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other measures social platforms have taken to address concerns about children’s mental health are also easily circumvented. For instance, TikTok recently introduced a default 60-minute time limit for users under 18. But once the limit is reached, minors can enter a passcode to keep watching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy called on tech companies, parents and caregivers to take “immediate action to protect kids now” from the harms of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press Writers Maysoon Khan in New York and Ashraf Khalil in Washington DC contributed to this story. KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/rachael-myrow\">Rachael Myrow\u003c/a> also contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Rob Bonta is part of the coalition of more than 30 AGs filing \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press-docs/FINAL%20Meta%20Multistate%20Complaint%2C%20N.D.%20Cal.%20%28REDACTED%2C%20CONFORMED%29.pdf\">the federal lawsuit\u003c/a> in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We refuse to allow the company to feign ignorance of the harm it knows it’s causing,” Bonta said in a statement on Tuesday. “We refuse to let it continue business as usual when that business is hurting our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the 33 states, nine other attorneys general are filing in their respective states, bringing the total number of states taking action to 42. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Kids and teenagers are suffering from record levels of poor mental health and social media companies like Meta are to blame,” New York Attorney General Letitia James said. “Meta has profited from children’s pain by intentionally designing its platforms with manipulative features that make children addicted to their platforms while lowering their self-esteem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Meta said it shares “the attorneys general’s commitment to providing teens with safe, positive experiences online, and have already introduced over 30 tools to support teens and their families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re disappointed that instead of working productively with companies across the industry to create clear, age-appropriate standards for the many apps teens use, the attorneys general have chosen this path,” the company added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits also come on the heels of damning newspaper reports, first published by \u003cem>The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> in the fall of 2021, based on Meta’s research that found that the company knew about the harms Instagram can cause teenagers — especially teen girls — when it comes to mental health and body image issues. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>One internal study cited 13.5% of teen girls saying Instagram makes thoughts of suicide worse and 17% of teen girls saying it makes eating disorders worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the first reports, a consortium of news organizations, including \u003cem>The Associated Press\u003c/em>, published their findings based on leaked documents from whistleblower Frances Haugen, who has testified before Congress and a British parliamentary committee about what she found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The use of social media among teens is nearly universal in the U.S. and many other parts of the world. Up to 95% of youth ages 13 to 17 in the U.S. report using a social media platform, with more than a third saying they use social media “almost constantly,” according to the Pew Research Center. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>To comply with federal regulation, social media companies ban kids under 13 from signing up to their platforms — but children have been shown to easily get around the bans, both with and without their parents’ consent, and many younger kids have social media accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other measures social platforms have taken to address concerns about children’s mental health are also easily circumvented. For instance, TikTok recently introduced a default 60-minute time limit for users under 18. But once the limit is reached, minors can enter a passcode to keep watching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May, U.S. Surgeon General Dr. Vivek Murthy called on tech companies, parents and caregivers to take “immediate action to protect kids now” from the harms of social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press Writers Maysoon Khan in New York and Ashraf Khalil in Washington DC contributed to this story. KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/rachael-myrow\">Rachael Myrow\u003c/a> also contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For months, photographer Merrick Morton seemed like he was playing whack-a-mole as he tried to get a hold of someone at Meta’s Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform repeatedly took down his photo archive depicting the lives of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles during the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experience, once again, left him trying to navigate the best way to get his photography restored on the site, mainly with help from his contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton said his account, @MerrickMortonPhoto, has been taken down three times by Instagram moderators. That is, until last week when it was permanently disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time, he was notified via email that his account would no longer be active, and with that, he lost more than 60,000 followers that he had cultivated for over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden, one day, I lost everything,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His archive had more than 500 historic photographs, mostly in black and white, that captured images of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11960659 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing sunglasses stands with his hands in his pockets\" width=\"800\" height=\"911\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-160x182.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wolfe’ from El Hoyo Maravilla, a Mexican American street gang, in East Los Angeles, 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the notices Morton received from Instagram, one stated that his photos violated its community guidelines on violence or dangerous organizations. Those guidelines state that Instagram is “… not a place to support or praise, terrorism, organized crime, or hate groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Meta’s press office multiple times through email to request comment. Meta did not respond in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton bristles at the idea that his photography belongs in the same category as terrorist organizations and hate groups like white supremacists. He defines his work as “fine art” and says his images have been displayed in many art galleries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it’s also journalism. His work on street gangs has been published internationally. Morton’s goal is that he wants his photographs available to archivists, students, activists and historians. It captures a unique time and place in Southern California that the mainstream media has mostly ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m the only photographer in the ’80s who had the cholo culture, who also captured the Black culture and also captured the interactions with the police and these communities,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen how his photographs provoke discussions about ending the deadly warfare between rival street gangs in Los Angeles. His photos also raise questions about the fraught relationship between the police and the communities they patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But someone — or some machine — has decided these historic snapshots needed to come down, and Morton can’t get an explanation from Meta, Instagram’s parent company. These experiences have left Morton to wonder if the problem stems from the skin tone of the people he features.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making community and connections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Instagram took down his photos, Morton was building relationships with the friends and families of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had people communicating with me through Instagram. Family members, I was getting back to them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, he reconnected with Charles “Bear” Spratley whom he met on the set of the 1988 movie \u003cem>Colors.\u003c/em> Directed by Dennis Hopper, the film starred Robert Duvall as a Los Angeles Police Department veteran at odds with his rookie partner, Sean Penn, over how to manage their relationships with the Black and cholo street gangs whose territory they patrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960664\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg\" alt=\"A screen shot of a photo of a man wearing sunglasses surrounded by other people making signs with their hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-160x277.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Dennis Hopper surrounded by East Coast Crips\u003cbr>on the set of his film ‘Colors.’ This photograph was taken down by Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spratley was an active member of the 89 East Coast Crips during filming. Through Morton, he was hired as an extra and received on-screen credit for working in the art department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Spratley found Morton on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been looking for a way to get in touch with whoever was involved in those pictures for years. They were memories for us, you know,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once reunited, Morton learned that many of Spratley’s friends, whom Morton had met and photographed for \u003cem>Colors,\u003c/em> had died on the streets. According to Spratley, the ones who are still alive have left gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these guys, if they made it through living, they are changed. They have changed their lives,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After attending hundreds of funerals for young men from his community, Spratley founded an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyla.org/\">B.A.B.Y.\u003c/a>, or Brothers Against Banging Youth, that works to prevent young people from joining gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, who currently earns a living as a set photographer for film and television, has helped Spratley find union entertainment jobs for young men who have gone through B.A.B.Y.’s programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Algorithmic bias in content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Morton, Instagram at its best connects people, challenges systems and creates opportunities. But at its worst, it perpetuates social biases against people of color. He suspects his photographs were swept up by artificial intelligence applications because of the skin color of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove his point, Morton cites this side-by-side comparison: On the left, is a photograph he took that was removed by Instagram. On the right, is a photograph of the Hells Angels, a group that federal law enforcement calls “a criminal threat on six different continents.” The Anti-Defamation League has linked them to white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960666\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960666\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shots from two different Instagram accounts: outlawarchive of the left and marrickmortonphoto on the right.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-800x422.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1020x538.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-160x84.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1920x1013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OutlawArchive (right) is currently up on Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a machine moderates content, it evaluates text and images as data using an algorithm that has been trained on existing data sets. The process for selecting training data has come under fire as it’s been shown to have racial, gender and other biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joy Buolamwini, a digital activist at the MIT Media Lab, has written that facial analysis software was unable to recognize her until she put on a white mask. She further demonstrated how artificial intelligence had trouble identifying three famous Black women: Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams and Michelle Obama. Obama, for instance, was identified by artificial intelligence as a young man with a toupee in this \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buolamwini argued that “when technology denigrates even these iconic women, it is time to re-examine how these systems are built and who they truly serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The pitfalls of content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite his account being permanently banned, Morton believes that if he could get in touch with an actual human being at Instagram, he could explain why his archive should remain accessible to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did, however, manage to locate someone through his network who knew someone who worked at Instagram, and his original account was restored then. Once his images were back, Morton received a brief apology email from the Facebook Team on behalf of Instagram. (Meta owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and more.) [aside label='More on Artificial Intelligence' tag='artificial-intelligence'] But, since the latest ban on his account in March, Morton has been unable to get through to someone at Instagram to plead his case once again. Since then, he filed an appeal but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jessica González of the nonprofit Freepress.net, is a watchdog for Meta’s content moderation practices. She said she has observed differential treatment across the social media platform, depending on the race of the subject in the image in question or who posted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color,” she said. “While similar content by and about white people remains up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During recent national elections, González noted that neither Instagram nor Facebook managed to keep hate speech and violent organizing off of their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve raised this with Meta many times leading up to the 2020 election and the 2022 midterms,” González said. “We had militia groups not just posting pictures with guns, or that seemed to be promoting violence, but actually organizing violent rallies, calling for people to bring guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an estimated 2.3 billion worldwide users, Instagram cannot sift through its sheer volume of content using human moderators. Artificial intelligence can be used to make the “first cut” before actual human beings take a second look. Human reviewers, however, have their own biases, and some may struggle with prolonged exposure to harsh images. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jessica González, attorney, nonprofit Freepress.net\"]‘We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color. While similar content by and about white people remains up.’[/pullquote] Brian Fishman led the team at Facebook that removed hate organizations and terrorist groups from its platform. He now runs Cinder, a trust and safety company that builds custom content moderation tools. He said he believes that making the internet safe requires nuanced thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are circumstances where AI is actually more accurate in some circumstances than human reviewers, but there’s also plenty of examples where that’s not the case,” he said. “We know that AI misses things, and calculating that risk and understanding what that risk may be is really difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to acknowledge that many AI scientists are just beginning to understand how to manage this powerful new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily just want to suck up everything, they want to be able to understand whether they are inadvertently introducing bias into their models based on the training data that they have selected originally,” Fishman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, in the meantime, created an alternate Instagram account, but has only gained about half of his original followers back. He said he hopes to keep the new archive up and fly under the content-moderation radar for as long as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel it’s important because the public has the right to know. People in these communities have the right to see these images,” Morton said. “Educators have the right to see these images. Curators and fine artists have the right to see these images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "An LA-based photographer says his Instagram account that documents 1980s cholo and African American street culture has been banned repeatedly due to racial bias.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For months, photographer Merrick Morton seemed like he was playing whack-a-mole as he tried to get a hold of someone at Meta’s Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform repeatedly took down his photo archive depicting the lives of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles during the 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This experience, once again, left him trying to navigate the best way to get his photography restored on the site, mainly with help from his contacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton said his account, @MerrickMortonPhoto, has been taken down three times by Instagram moderators. That is, until last week when it was permanently disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time, he was notified via email that his account would no longer be active, and with that, he lost more than 60,000 followers that he had cultivated for over five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of a sudden, one day, I lost everything,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His archive had more than 500 historic photographs, mostly in black and white, that captured images of cholo and African American street culture in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960659\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11960659 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg\" alt=\"A person wearing sunglasses stands with his hands in his pockets\" width=\"800\" height=\"911\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-800x911.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED-160x182.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-02-KQED.jpg 878w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">‘Wolfe’ from El Hoyo Maravilla, a Mexican American street gang, in East Los Angeles, 1980. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among the notices Morton received from Instagram, one stated that his photos violated its community guidelines on violence or dangerous organizations. Those guidelines state that Instagram is “… not a place to support or praise, terrorism, organized crime, or hate groups.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED reached out to Meta’s press office multiple times through email to request comment. Meta did not respond in time for publication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton bristles at the idea that his photography belongs in the same category as terrorist organizations and hate groups like white supremacists. He defines his work as “fine art” and says his images have been displayed in many art galleries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said it’s also journalism. His work on street gangs has been published internationally. Morton’s goal is that he wants his photographs available to archivists, students, activists and historians. It captures a unique time and place in Southern California that the mainstream media has mostly ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think I’m the only photographer in the ’80s who had the cholo culture, who also captured the Black culture and also captured the interactions with the police and these communities,” Morton said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s seen how his photographs provoke discussions about ending the deadly warfare between rival street gangs in Los Angeles. His photos also raise questions about the fraught relationship between the police and the communities they patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But someone — or some machine — has decided these historic snapshots needed to come down, and Morton can’t get an explanation from Meta, Instagram’s parent company. These experiences have left Morton to wonder if the problem stems from the skin tone of the people he features.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Making community and connections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Before Instagram took down his photos, Morton was building relationships with the friends and families of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had people communicating with me through Instagram. Family members, I was getting back to them,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, he reconnected with Charles “Bear” Spratley whom he met on the set of the 1988 movie \u003cem>Colors.\u003c/em> Directed by Dennis Hopper, the film starred Robert Duvall as a Los Angeles Police Department veteran at odds with his rookie partner, Sean Penn, over how to manage their relationships with the Black and cholo street gangs whose territory they patrolled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960664\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11960664\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg\" alt=\"A screen shot of a photo of a man wearing sunglasses surrounded by other people making signs with their hands.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1384\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-800x1384.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED-160x277.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-07-KQED.jpg 816w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Director Dennis Hopper surrounded by East Coast Crips\u003cbr>on the set of his film ‘Colors.’ This photograph was taken down by Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spratley was an active member of the 89 East Coast Crips during filming. Through Morton, he was hired as an extra and received on-screen credit for working in the art department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years ago, Spratley found Morton on Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had been looking for a way to get in touch with whoever was involved in those pictures for years. They were memories for us, you know,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once reunited, Morton learned that many of Spratley’s friends, whom Morton had met and photographed for \u003cem>Colors,\u003c/em> had died on the streets. According to Spratley, the ones who are still alive have left gang life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of these guys, if they made it through living, they are changed. They have changed their lives,” Spratley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After attending hundreds of funerals for young men from his community, Spratley founded an organization called \u003ca href=\"https://www.babyla.org/\">B.A.B.Y.\u003c/a>, or Brothers Against Banging Youth, that works to prevent young people from joining gangs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, who currently earns a living as a set photographer for film and television, has helped Spratley find union entertainment jobs for young men who have gone through B.A.B.Y.’s programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Algorithmic bias in content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Morton, Instagram at its best connects people, challenges systems and creates opportunities. But at its worst, it perpetuates social biases against people of color. He suspects his photographs were swept up by artificial intelligence applications because of the skin color of his subjects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prove his point, Morton cites this side-by-side comparison: On the left, is a photograph he took that was removed by Instagram. On the right, is a photograph of the Hells Angels, a group that federal law enforcement calls “a criminal threat on six different continents.” The Anti-Defamation League has linked them to white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11960666\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11960666\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Screen shots from two different Instagram accounts: outlawarchive of the left and marrickmortonphoto on the right.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1055\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-800x422.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1020x538.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-160x84.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1536x810.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/09/091123-PHOTO-AI-RM-09-KQED-1920x1013.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">OutlawArchive (right) is currently up on Instagram. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Merrick Morton)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When a machine moderates content, it evaluates text and images as data using an algorithm that has been trained on existing data sets. The process for selecting training data has come under fire as it’s been shown to have racial, gender and other biases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joy Buolamwini, a digital activist at the MIT Media Lab, has written that facial analysis software was unable to recognize her until she put on a white mask. She further demonstrated how artificial intelligence had trouble identifying three famous Black women: Oprah Winfrey, Serena Williams and Michelle Obama. Obama, for instance, was identified by artificial intelligence as a young man with a toupee in this \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/5520558/artificial-intelligence-racial-gender-bias/\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buolamwini argued that “when technology denigrates even these iconic women, it is time to re-examine how these systems are built and who they truly serve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The pitfalls of content moderation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Despite his account being permanently banned, Morton believes that if he could get in touch with an actual human being at Instagram, he could explain why his archive should remain accessible to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He did, however, manage to locate someone through his network who knew someone who worked at Instagram, and his original account was restored then. Once his images were back, Morton received a brief apology email from the Facebook Team on behalf of Instagram. (Meta owns and operates Facebook, Instagram, WhatsApp and more.) \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> But, since the latest ban on his account in March, Morton has been unable to get through to someone at Instagram to plead his case once again. Since then, he filed an appeal but hasn’t received a response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Jessica González of the nonprofit Freepress.net, is a watchdog for Meta’s content moderation practices. She said she has observed differential treatment across the social media platform, depending on the race of the subject in the image in question or who posted it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve seen this time and again, Meta taking down content by and about people of color,” she said. “While similar content by and about white people remains up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During recent national elections, González noted that neither Instagram nor Facebook managed to keep hate speech and violent organizing off of their platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve raised this with Meta many times leading up to the 2020 election and the 2022 midterms,” González said. “We had militia groups not just posting pictures with guns, or that seemed to be promoting violence, but actually organizing violent rallies, calling for people to bring guns.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an estimated 2.3 billion worldwide users, Instagram cannot sift through its sheer volume of content using human moderators. Artificial intelligence can be used to make the “first cut” before actual human beings take a second look. Human reviewers, however, have their own biases, and some may struggle with prolonged exposure to harsh images. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Brian Fishman led the team at Facebook that removed hate organizations and terrorist groups from its platform. He now runs Cinder, a trust and safety company that builds custom content moderation tools. He said he believes that making the internet safe requires nuanced thinking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are circumstances where AI is actually more accurate in some circumstances than human reviewers, but there’s also plenty of examples where that’s not the case,” he said. “We know that AI misses things, and calculating that risk and understanding what that risk may be is really difficult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to acknowledge that many AI scientists are just beginning to understand how to manage this powerful new technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t necessarily just want to suck up everything, they want to be able to understand whether they are inadvertently introducing bias into their models based on the training data that they have selected originally,” Fishman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morton, in the meantime, created an alternate Instagram account, but has only gained about half of his original followers back. He said he hopes to keep the new archive up and fly under the content-moderation radar for as long as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel it’s important because the public has the right to know. People in these communities have the right to see these images,” Morton said. “Educators have the right to see these images. Curators and fine artists have the right to see these images.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram will block all news articles in California if state lawmakers pass a bill meant to funnel money from the tech platforms to media organizations, a Meta spokesman threatened on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB886\">California Journalism Preservation Act\u003c/a> would essentially tax the advertising profits platforms make from distributing news articles. Under the measure, some 70% of the money collected from the so-called “usage fee” would support newsrooms throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s sponsor, Assemblywoman Buffy Wicks, a Democrat who represents Oakland, argues the measure could provide a “lifeline” to local news organizations that have seen advertising revenue plunge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As news consumption has moved online, community news outlets have been downsized and closing at an alarming rate,” Wicks said at a hearing on the bill earlier this month, pointing out that more than 100 California news organizations have gone under in the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Meta warns the legislation would make the company block the sharing of news articles in California on Facebook and Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, the company argued, would mostly assist out-of-state sites “under the guise” of helping news publishers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Journalism Preservation Act passes, we will be forced to remove news from Facebook and Instagram, rather than pay into a slush fund that primarily benefits big, out-of-state media companies under the guise of aiding California publishers,” Andy Stone, a spokesman for Meta, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/andymstone/status/1663951770052067338?s=20\">said\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked how exactly the act would force Meta to stop distributing news articles, Stone said: “It’s pay or remove the news. Our hand is being forced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Coffey, executive vice president of the News Media Alliance trade group, criticized Meta for threatening to block articles in the state, saying the ailing news industry would benefit from having tech platforms pay their fair share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meta’s threat to take down news is undemocratic and unbecoming. We have seen [this] in their playbook before,” Coffey said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Threats in California echo Big Tech’s warnings in Washington and overseas\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Google have developed something of a predictable response to efforts attempting to make them pay the media industry for articles: Threatening to stop carrying news in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11951940\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut.jpg\" alt='A building with glass windows and a huge multicolored logo reads, \"Google.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google headquarters on Sept. 2, 2015, in Mountain View. According to figures provided to NPR by Insider Intelligence, services owned by Meta or Google have collected nearly 70% of digital advertising revenue made in 2023. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They aren’t empty threats; Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/18/968921926/facebook-takes-a-hard-line-against-proposed-australian-law\">briefly blocked\u003c/a> news articles in Australia over a similar measure that required tech companies to pay publishers for news content. Google said it would pull its search engine from the country before a compromise was struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in Washington floated a plan last year with the goal of helping news outlets negotiate with tech companies, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/facebook-owner-meta-remove-news-its-platform-if-congress-passes-media-bill-2022-12-05/#:~:text=WASHINGTON%2C%20Dec%205%20(Reuters),O)%20Google%20and%20Facebook.\">Facebook said\u003c/a> it would yank news from the platform nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Danielle Coffey, executive vice president, News Media Alliance\"]‘Meta’s threat to take down news is undemocratic and unbecoming. We have seen [this] in their playbook before.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canada is getting a taste of it, too. There, the tech giants \u003ca href=\"https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2023/05/30/business-would-be-over-canadas-news-publishers-say-ban-by-google-and-facebook-would-devastate-them.html\">say\u003c/a> they’re ready to pull the plug on news content if a similar measure is enacted. As a test, Google has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-blocks-news-results-in-some-canadian-searches-a0577c75\">even blocked news articles\u003c/a> from searches for some users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Google declined to comment on the California bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While tech companies and publishers squabble over legislation, many news publishers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/28/1172599212/web-buzzfeed-vice-gawker-facebook-twitter-media-news\">have started pivoting away\u003c/a> from social media altogether and placing the focus on newsletters, podcasts and subscription-driven models.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>40,000 newsroom jobs lost, as ad revenue nosedives\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The media industry has been hemorrhaging jobs for years. Some 40,000 newsroom jobs disappeared between 2008 and 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/07/13/u-s-newsroom-employment-has-fallen-26-since-2008/\">the Pew Research Center has found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while many factors have contributed to the news industry’s woes, a significant blow has been delivered by the tech industry’s dominance over online advertising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to figures provided to NPR by Insider Intelligence, services owned by Meta or Google have collected nearly 70% of digital advertising revenue made in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Australia, Facebook and Google eventually buckled and reached deals with news publishers. Bill Grueskin, a professor at the Columbia University School of Journalism who has studied the Australian law, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/australia-pressured-google-and-facebook-to-pay-for-journalism-is-america-next.php\">found that\u003c/a> it generated nearly $150 million for news organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951941\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11951941\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517.jpg\" alt=\"A computer tablet screen glows with a blue and white social media logo for the company Facebook. People are blurred in the background at a cafe setting.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1277\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Journalism Preservation Act would essentially tax the advertising profits that platforms like Facebook and Instagram make from distributing news articles. Under the measure, some 70% of the money collected from the so-called ‘usage fee’ would support newsrooms throughout the state. Facebook has threatened to pull news stories from its platform altogether should the bill succeed. \u003ccite>(Ted Aljibe/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Australian Broadcasting Corporation \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-03/abc-to-add-more-than-50-journalists-in-regional-australia/100673862\">was able to hire\u003c/a> 50 new journalist in underserved parts of the country as a result of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the first state to attempt to replicate the Australian model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts who study the news industry say while the Australian news landscape is distinct from the U.S., given how concentrated it is — Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. controls more than half of the market — many other states will be watching how the showdown in Sacramento plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are now in a no-holds-barred battle for revenue, with many news companies, emboldened by the settlement in Australia, becoming quite vocal and aggressive in arguing this case,” said John Wihbey, journalism professor at Northeastern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California bill is set to receive a vote on the California assembly floor on Thursday. It is expected to pass and move to the state Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Critics worry the bill will hurt, not help news outlets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In California, struggling publishers have come out strongly in favor of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put plainly, Big Tech is bleeding publishers dry without contributing any resources to creating high-quality content,” Troy Masters, the publisher of Los Angeles Blade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/opinion/article275859591.html\">wrote on Tuesday\u003c/a> in the Sacramento Bee. “This is not a theoretical problem. News deserts are a reality across California at a time when misinformation is at an all-time high, causing Americans’ trust in democracy and our institutions to erode at alarming rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet others fear the California legislation could have unintended consequences that end up hurting the news outlets it aims to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, media analyst and publisher Ken Doctor has argued that bad actors with sites peddling misinformation could game the system and end up getting funding. Other worries: The bill would supercharge lurid, clickbait-y headlines from sites angling to get a slice of the new pot of money, or channel money to hedge-fund owners that have cut newsrooms in pursuit of profits.[aside postID=news_11931727 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/06/RS43524_GettyImages-1178141588-qut-1020x680.jpg']“I applaud [that] the legislators’ want to help the local news business,” Doctor \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/newsletter/2023-05-11/could-charging-big-tech-a-journalism-usage-fee-help-save-local-news-essential-california\">told\u003c/a> The Los Angeles Times. “But I think what they really need is a much deeper and wider understanding of the mechanics and nuances of how that business works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Media scholar Amanda Lotz, who teaches at the Queensland University of Technology, told NPR that “the business model for journalism is collapsing broadly,” but she said it’s not fair to only blame Big Tech companies for the media industry’s struggles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wihbey at Northeastern University agrees, but he said if California can force Big Tech to the bargaining table with news publishers, it could — even in a small way — prop up a local news market under siege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Such deals will not ‘save the news’ industry, but they could contribute a new, reliable stream to support news,” he said. “I hope that social platform companies can see it in their interest to support the underlying democratic societies that, after all, are the bedrock of their commercial markets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram will block all news articles in California if state lawmakers pass a bill meant to funnel money from the tech platforms to media organizations, a Meta spokesman threatened on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB886\">California Journalism Preservation Act\u003c/a> would essentially tax the advertising profits platforms make from distributing news articles. Under the measure, some 70% of the money collected from the so-called “usage fee” would support newsrooms throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s sponsor, Assemblywoman Buffy Wicks, a Democrat who represents Oakland, argues the measure could provide a “lifeline” to local news organizations that have seen advertising revenue plunge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As news consumption has moved online, community news outlets have been downsized and closing at an alarming rate,” Wicks said at a hearing on the bill earlier this month, pointing out that more than 100 California news organizations have gone under in the past decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, Meta warns the legislation would make the company block the sharing of news articles in California on Facebook and Instagram.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, the company argued, would mostly assist out-of-state sites “under the guise” of helping news publishers in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the Journalism Preservation Act passes, we will be forced to remove news from Facebook and Instagram, rather than pay into a slush fund that primarily benefits big, out-of-state media companies under the guise of aiding California publishers,” Andy Stone, a spokesman for Meta, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/andymstone/status/1663951770052067338?s=20\">said\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When asked how exactly the act would force Meta to stop distributing news articles, Stone said: “It’s pay or remove the news. Our hand is being forced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Coffey, executive vice president of the News Media Alliance trade group, criticized Meta for threatening to block articles in the state, saying the ailing news industry would benefit from having tech platforms pay their fair share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Meta’s threat to take down news is undemocratic and unbecoming. We have seen [this] in their playbook before,” Coffey said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Threats in California echo Big Tech’s warnings in Washington and overseas\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Google have developed something of a predictable response to efforts attempting to make them pay the media industry for articles: Threatening to stop carrying news in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951940\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11951940\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut.jpg\" alt='A building with glass windows and a huge multicolored logo reads, \"Google.\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1281\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS26525_GettyImages-486234008-qut-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Google headquarters on Sept. 2, 2015, in Mountain View. According to figures provided to NPR by Insider Intelligence, services owned by Meta or Google have collected nearly 70% of digital advertising revenue made in 2023. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>They aren’t empty threats; Facebook \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/18/968921926/facebook-takes-a-hard-line-against-proposed-australian-law\">briefly blocked\u003c/a> news articles in Australia over a similar measure that required tech companies to pay publishers for news content. Google said it would pull its search engine from the country before a compromise was struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers in Washington floated a plan last year with the goal of helping news outlets negotiate with tech companies, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/technology/facebook-owner-meta-remove-news-its-platform-if-congress-passes-media-bill-2022-12-05/#:~:text=WASHINGTON%2C%20Dec%205%20(Reuters),O)%20Google%20and%20Facebook.\">Facebook said\u003c/a> it would yank news from the platform nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canada is getting a taste of it, too. There, the tech giants \u003ca href=\"https://www.thestar.com/politics/federal/2023/05/30/business-would-be-over-canadas-news-publishers-say-ban-by-google-and-facebook-would-devastate-them.html\">say\u003c/a> they’re ready to pull the plug on news content if a similar measure is enacted. As a test, Google has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/google-blocks-news-results-in-some-canadian-searches-a0577c75\">even blocked news articles\u003c/a> from searches for some users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Google declined to comment on the California bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While tech companies and publishers squabble over legislation, many news publishers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/04/28/1172599212/web-buzzfeed-vice-gawker-facebook-twitter-media-news\">have started pivoting away\u003c/a> from social media altogether and placing the focus on newsletters, podcasts and subscription-driven models.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>40,000 newsroom jobs lost, as ad revenue nosedives\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The media industry has been hemorrhaging jobs for years. Some 40,000 newsroom jobs disappeared between 2008 and 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2021/07/13/u-s-newsroom-employment-has-fallen-26-since-2008/\">the Pew Research Center has found\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while many factors have contributed to the news industry’s woes, a significant blow has been delivered by the tech industry’s dominance over online advertising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to figures provided to NPR by Insider Intelligence, services owned by Meta or Google have collected nearly 70% of digital advertising revenue made in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Australia, Facebook and Google eventually buckled and reached deals with news publishers. Bill Grueskin, a professor at the Columbia University School of Journalism who has studied the Australian law, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cjr.org/business_of_news/australia-pressured-google-and-facebook-to-pay-for-journalism-is-america-next.php\">found that\u003c/a> it generated nearly $150 million for news organizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11951941\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11951941\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517.jpg\" alt=\"A computer tablet screen glows with a blue and white social media logo for the company Facebook. People are blurred in the background at a cafe setting.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1277\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517-1020x678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/RS2274_facebook20120517-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Journalism Preservation Act would essentially tax the advertising profits that platforms like Facebook and Instagram make from distributing news articles. Under the measure, some 70% of the money collected from the so-called ‘usage fee’ would support newsrooms throughout the state. Facebook has threatened to pull news stories from its platform altogether should the bill succeed. \u003ccite>(Ted Aljibe/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Australian Broadcasting Corporation \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-12-03/abc-to-add-more-than-50-journalists-in-regional-australia/100673862\">was able to hire\u003c/a> 50 new journalist in underserved parts of the country as a result of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the first state to attempt to replicate the Australian model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts who study the news industry say while the Australian news landscape is distinct from the U.S., given how concentrated it is — Rupert Murdoch’s News Corp. controls more than half of the market — many other states will be watching how the showdown in Sacramento plays out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are now in a no-holds-barred battle for revenue, with many news companies, emboldened by the settlement in Australia, becoming quite vocal and aggressive in arguing this case,” said John Wihbey, journalism professor at Northeastern University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California bill is set to receive a vote on the California assembly floor on Thursday. It is expected to pass and move to the state Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Critics worry the bill will hurt, not help news outlets\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In California, struggling publishers have come out strongly in favor of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put plainly, Big Tech is bleeding publishers dry without contributing any resources to creating high-quality content,” Troy Masters, the publisher of Los Angeles Blade, \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/opinion/article275859591.html\">wrote on Tuesday\u003c/a> in the Sacramento Bee. “This is not a theoretical problem. News deserts are a reality across California at a time when misinformation is at an all-time high, causing Americans’ trust in democracy and our institutions to erode at alarming rates.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet others fear the California legislation could have unintended consequences that end up hurting the news outlets it aims to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, media analyst and publisher Ken Doctor has argued that bad actors with sites peddling misinformation could game the system and end up getting funding. Other worries: The bill would supercharge lurid, clickbait-y headlines from sites angling to get a slice of the new pot of money, or channel money to hedge-fund owners that have cut newsrooms in pursuit of profits.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“I applaud [that] the legislators’ want to help the local news business,” Doctor \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/newsletter/2023-05-11/could-charging-big-tech-a-journalism-usage-fee-help-save-local-news-essential-california\">told\u003c/a> The Los Angeles Times. “But I think what they really need is a much deeper and wider understanding of the mechanics and nuances of how that business works.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Media scholar Amanda Lotz, who teaches at the Queensland University of Technology, told NPR that “the business model for journalism is collapsing broadly,” but she said it’s not fair to only blame Big Tech companies for the media industry’s struggles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wihbey at Northeastern University agrees, but he said if California can force Big Tech to the bargaining table with news publishers, it could — even in a small way — prop up a local news market under siege.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Such deals will not ‘save the news’ industry, but they could contribute a new, reliable stream to support news,” he said. “I hope that social platform companies can see it in their interest to support the underlying democratic societies that, after all, are the bedrock of their commercial markets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Social media platforms have historically had a hard time neutralizing the threat of hate speech \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702239/why-its-so-hard-to-scrub-hate-speech-off-social-media\">before it leads to real-world violence\u003c/a>. Now, researchers at the Network Contagion Research Institute and the Rutgers University Center for Critical Intelligence Studies are warning that mass layoffs, especially at social media platforms like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/4/23439790/elon-musk-twitter-layoffs-trust-and-safety-teams-severance\">Twitter\u003c/a> and Meta, are leaving the door wide open to a growing phenomenon called “cyber-swarms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cyber-swarms, as defined by the institute, are surges of hateful memes, videos and comments on social media directed at certain ethnic and religious groups. They may be \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11919374/report-anti-hindu-hate-speech-surges-on-social-media\">coordinated\u003c/a>, but the real-world violence that follows may be conducted on impulse by individuals inspired by what they see online.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Corynne McSherry, legal director, Electronic Frontier Foundation\"]‘They didn’t have enough staff in the first place and they certainly don’t now. I worry a lot that they’re thinking — at both companies — ‘We’ll just automate more.’ What we’ve seen is that just doesn’t work.’[/pullquote]“A lot of these trust and safety teams don’t have a policy. They just put out fires, and sometimes, they don’t even know where a fire is burning,” said Network Contagion Institute Director Joel Finkelstein. The institute’s latest report, which came out this week, details a recent rearview-mirror look at social media platform failures in July and August, just a few months before layoffs decimated their ranks in the U.S. and abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://networkcontagion.us/reports/11-16-22-cyber-social-swarming-precedes-real-world-riots-in-leicester-how-social-media-became-a-weapon-for-violence/\">“Cyber Social Swarming Precedes Real World Riots in Leicester: How Social Media Became a Weapon for Violence”\u003c/a> explains how “Ethnic riots in one place can now leak into cyber-swarming, and turn into ethnic violence somewhere else,” Finkelstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cyber-swarm in July fomented violence between Hindus and Muslims on Twitter, TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram. Real-world incidents surged in the following weeks — primarily in the U.K. but in the U.S. as well, including one \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Og1XJXkpFo\">tirade\u003c/a>* at a Taco Bell in Fremont in August, recorded by the man it was directed at, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/krishnanjiyer\">Krishnan Iyer\u003c/a>.[aside postID=\"news_11702239,news_11919374\" label=\"Related Posts\"]*(Be advised the footage contains highly offensive and triggering language. The Alameda County district attorney’s office \u003ca href=\"https://abc7news.com/fremont-taco-bell-anti-hindu-hate-speech-grimmer-blvd-tirade-man-charged-crime/12180354/\">filed multiple charges\u003c/a> against 37-year-old Singh Tejinder days later.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tejinder, who can be heard speaking in Punjabi, spewed a stream of expletive-laced insults against Iyer, calling him “dirty Hindu” among other slurs commonly spotted on social media networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even before these cuts (to Silicon Valley companies), Hindus as a community have been facing a regular barrage of hate on online platforms for several years,” wrote Pushpita Prasad of the Coalition of Hindus of North America. “Moderation policies online have not been very sensitive to Hindu concerns and fears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent attacks on Hindu communities constitute just one collective example of how hate speech can proliferate online against ethnic/religious groups if left unchecked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another, more recent example: Twitter trolls emboldened by Elon Musk’s $44 billion acquisition prompted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/28/musk-twitter-racist-posts/\">500% surge\u003c/a> in the use of a particularly offensive racial epithet directed at African Americans, according to the NCRI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as Elon Musk walked in the door,” said Finkelstein, who added the Institute reached out to Twitter staff to let them know about the finding. “You’d think that’s something everybody would notice. They hadn’t noticed it. They noticed it because LeBron James took our tweet and literally singled out \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KingJames/status/1586431561041293312?s=20&t=wLEgRgctLXqhfO-mKQnCDw\">Elon Musk\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I dont know Elon Musk and, tbh, I could care less who owns twitter. But I will say that if this is true, I hope he and his people take this very seriously because this is scary AF. So many damn unfit people saying hate speech is free speech. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Sy0jvXIBnC\">https://t.co/Sy0jvXIBnC\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— LeBron James (@KingJames) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KingJames/status/1586431561041293312?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 29, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/11/10/twitter-ditches-communications\">no longer has a press relations department\u003c/a> to respond to reporter questions. A Meta spokesperson declined to offer specific numbers for how many layoffs affect the company’s trust and safety teams in the U.S. and abroad, but did write, “Our integrity efforts remain a top priority, which is why we continue to have over 40,000 people devoted to safety and security efforts and we will continue to invest in this work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electronic Frontier Foundation Legal Director Corynne McSherry says the foundation is still trying to determine exactly what teams at Meta are most dramatically impacted by the layoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Twitter, McSherry said, “What they really needed to do was probably double their trust and safety teams, for a start. To actually do it well requires humans making nuanced decisions. They didn’t have enough staff in the first place and they certainly don’t now. I worry a lot that they’re thinking — at both companies — ‘We’ll just automate more.’ What we’ve seen is that just doesn’t work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finkelstein says social media companies need to refocus on preventing violence, instead of just trying to avoid blowback from the press — and politicians. “When trust and safety teams are like, ‘Let’s put out this political fire, cause we can get in trouble,’ you will have a garden manicured by political concerns. And the harms that are really happening, no-one really cares about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/15/technology/elon-musk-twitter-fired-criticism.html\">mass layoffs\u003c/a> gutting the very trust and safety teams that are supposed to watch out for threats, what can vulnerable communities expect from Silicon Valley now? Not much, said Denver Riggleman, an Institute advisor and former Republican congressman from Virginia, as well as a technical lead on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/06/politics/denver-riggleman-january-6-committee/index.html\">Jan. 6th committee\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggleman calls for federally funded public and private partnerships to scale up predictive modeling of the kind the Institute used to warn of that cyber-swarm over the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost a social media warning dashboard. This isn’t something regulatory, but it’s informational. It’s situational awareness,” Riggleman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Social media platforms have historically had a hard time neutralizing the threat of hate speech \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11702239/why-its-so-hard-to-scrub-hate-speech-off-social-media\">before it leads to real-world violence\u003c/a>. Now, researchers at the Network Contagion Research Institute and the Rutgers University Center for Critical Intelligence Studies are warning that mass layoffs, especially at social media platforms like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2022/11/4/23439790/elon-musk-twitter-layoffs-trust-and-safety-teams-severance\">Twitter\u003c/a> and Meta, are leaving the door wide open to a growing phenomenon called “cyber-swarms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cyber-swarms, as defined by the institute, are surges of hateful memes, videos and comments on social media directed at certain ethnic and religious groups. They may be \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11919374/report-anti-hindu-hate-speech-surges-on-social-media\">coordinated\u003c/a>, but the real-world violence that follows may be conducted on impulse by individuals inspired by what they see online.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘They didn’t have enough staff in the first place and they certainly don’t now. I worry a lot that they’re thinking — at both companies — ‘We’ll just automate more.’ What we’ve seen is that just doesn’t work.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“A lot of these trust and safety teams don’t have a policy. They just put out fires, and sometimes, they don’t even know where a fire is burning,” said Network Contagion Institute Director Joel Finkelstein. The institute’s latest report, which came out this week, details a recent rearview-mirror look at social media platform failures in July and August, just a few months before layoffs decimated their ranks in the U.S. and abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://networkcontagion.us/reports/11-16-22-cyber-social-swarming-precedes-real-world-riots-in-leicester-how-social-media-became-a-weapon-for-violence/\">“Cyber Social Swarming Precedes Real World Riots in Leicester: How Social Media Became a Weapon for Violence”\u003c/a> explains how “Ethnic riots in one place can now leak into cyber-swarming, and turn into ethnic violence somewhere else,” Finkelstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cyber-swarm in July fomented violence between Hindus and Muslims on Twitter, TikTok, YouTube, and Instagram. Real-world incidents surged in the following weeks — primarily in the U.K. but in the U.S. as well, including one \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Og1XJXkpFo\">tirade\u003c/a>* at a Taco Bell in Fremont in August, recorded by the man it was directed at, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/krishnanjiyer\">Krishnan Iyer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>*(Be advised the footage contains highly offensive and triggering language. The Alameda County district attorney’s office \u003ca href=\"https://abc7news.com/fremont-taco-bell-anti-hindu-hate-speech-grimmer-blvd-tirade-man-charged-crime/12180354/\">filed multiple charges\u003c/a> against 37-year-old Singh Tejinder days later.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tejinder, who can be heard speaking in Punjabi, spewed a stream of expletive-laced insults against Iyer, calling him “dirty Hindu” among other slurs commonly spotted on social media networks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even before these cuts (to Silicon Valley companies), Hindus as a community have been facing a regular barrage of hate on online platforms for several years,” wrote Pushpita Prasad of the Coalition of Hindus of North America. “Moderation policies online have not been very sensitive to Hindu concerns and fears.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recent attacks on Hindu communities constitute just one collective example of how hate speech can proliferate online against ethnic/religious groups if left unchecked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another, more recent example: Twitter trolls emboldened by Elon Musk’s $44 billion acquisition prompted a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/28/musk-twitter-racist-posts/\">500% surge\u003c/a> in the use of a particularly offensive racial epithet directed at African Americans, according to the NCRI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as Elon Musk walked in the door,” said Finkelstein, who added the Institute reached out to Twitter staff to let them know about the finding. “You’d think that’s something everybody would notice. They hadn’t noticed it. They noticed it because LeBron James took our tweet and literally singled out \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KingJames/status/1586431561041293312?s=20&t=wLEgRgctLXqhfO-mKQnCDw\">Elon Musk\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">I dont know Elon Musk and, tbh, I could care less who owns twitter. But I will say that if this is true, I hope he and his people take this very seriously because this is scary AF. So many damn unfit people saying hate speech is free speech. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/Sy0jvXIBnC\">https://t.co/Sy0jvXIBnC\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— LeBron James (@KingJames) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KingJames/status/1586431561041293312?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">October 29, 2022\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/11/10/twitter-ditches-communications\">no longer has a press relations department\u003c/a> to respond to reporter questions. A Meta spokesperson declined to offer specific numbers for how many layoffs affect the company’s trust and safety teams in the U.S. and abroad, but did write, “Our integrity efforts remain a top priority, which is why we continue to have over 40,000 people devoted to safety and security efforts and we will continue to invest in this work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electronic Frontier Foundation Legal Director Corynne McSherry says the foundation is still trying to determine exactly what teams at Meta are most dramatically impacted by the layoffs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Twitter, McSherry said, “What they really needed to do was probably double their trust and safety teams, for a start. To actually do it well requires humans making nuanced decisions. They didn’t have enough staff in the first place and they certainly don’t now. I worry a lot that they’re thinking — at both companies — ‘We’ll just automate more.’ What we’ve seen is that just doesn’t work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finkelstein says social media companies need to refocus on preventing violence, instead of just trying to avoid blowback from the press — and politicians. “When trust and safety teams are like, ‘Let’s put out this political fire, cause we can get in trouble,’ you will have a garden manicured by political concerns. And the harms that are really happening, no-one really cares about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/15/technology/elon-musk-twitter-fired-criticism.html\">mass layoffs\u003c/a> gutting the very trust and safety teams that are supposed to watch out for threats, what can vulnerable communities expect from Silicon Valley now? Not much, said Denver Riggleman, an Institute advisor and former Republican congressman from Virginia, as well as a technical lead on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2021/08/06/politics/denver-riggleman-january-6-committee/index.html\">Jan. 6th committee\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riggleman calls for federally funded public and private partnerships to scale up predictive modeling of the kind the Institute used to warn of that cyber-swarm over the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Almost a social media warning dashboard. This isn’t something regulatory, but it’s informational. It’s situational awareness,” Riggleman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For more than two decades, the U.S. tech industry has been a reliable source of booming stocks and cushy, high-paid jobs. In the span of weeks, the sheen has faded and the ax has fallen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 24,000 tech workers across 72 companies have been laid off this month, adding to a total of 120,000 tech jobs lost this year, \u003ca href=\"https://layoffs.fyi/\">according to layoffs.fyi\u003c/a>, which tracks job cuts in the tech industry. It’s safe to say a reckoning is underway, even as each company is grappling with its own challenges. (See: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/12/1136205315/musk-twitter-bankruptcy-how-likely\">Twitter\u003c/a>.)[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11931311,forum_2010101891200,news_11931727\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the companies making public statements have cited at least one of two primary causes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they hired a lot of employees during the pandemic, when people were extremely online. Now, the internet boom has faded, offline life has picked up, and those new employees seem too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, broader economic wobbles have made brands more reluctant to spend on digital ads — a source of revenue for many tech companies. High interest rates have put an end to the cheap-money era of venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the companies that have announced the biggest job cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Amazon: a reported 10,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The online retail and cloud computing behemoth plans to lay off some 10,000 employees in corporate and technology jobs,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/technology/amazon-layoffs.html\"> \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>was the first to report\u003c/a> on Monday. Amazon did not reply to an NPR request for confirmation of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this fall, Amazon employed more than 1.5 million full- and part-time workers around the world, many in warehouses. The 10,000 expected layoffs would comprise about 3% of Amazon’s corporate employees, according to the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>, and a significantly smaller share of its overall workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cuts reportedly will focus on Amazon’s devices division, including Alexa, the company’s virtual assistant technology, as well as its retail and human resources divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/workplace/a-note-about-hiring-from-beth-galetti\">announced a hiring freeze\u003c/a> on corporate jobs. “We’re facing an unusual macro-economic environment, and want to balance our hiring and investments with being thoughtful about this economy,” wrote Beth Galetti, Amazon’s senior vice president of people experience and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meta: 11,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram’s parent company, Meta, laid off 11,000 people last week — about 13% of its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg attributed the cuts to overhiring during the pandemic. In a letter to staff\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2022/11/mark-zuckerberg-layoff-message-to-employees/\"> posted to the corporate website\u003c/a>, he cited a decline in e-commerce, the wider economic downturn, increased competition, and a decline in ad sales–the primary way the company makes money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got this wrong, and I take responsibility for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932364\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932364\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"a man in a black turtleneck explains something on a screen\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg made big investments in the “metaverse,” which he showed off during a virtual event last year. Last week, Zuckerberg announced the company was laying off 13% of its staff. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The layoffs come as the company has invested billions in the so-called metaverse, pitched as a virtual-reality future in which people will work, mingle, exercise and go to concerts. But it’s an unproven bet on the future, and not all everyone is convinced it should be the social media company’s focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg said the workforce cuts would affect the whole organization, with recruiting staff disproportionately affected due to fewer hires anticipated in the coming year. A hiring freeze through the first quarter of 2023 will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Twitter: about 3,700 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Billionaire Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk bought the social media platform at the end of October and wasted no time slashing its workforce. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1132153277/elon-musk-takes-control-of-twitter-and-immediately-ousts-top-executives\">immediately ousted\u003c/a> the company’s leadership, including its CEO, CFO, and top lawyer. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134263184/twitter-layoffs-elon-musk\">Mass layoffs were announced\u003c/a> on November 4, with about 50% of the staff cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regarding Twitter’s reduction in force, unfortunately there is no choice when the company is losing over $4M/day,”\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1588671155766194176\"> Musk tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-founder and former CEO Jack Dorsey \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jack/status/1588913276980633600\">tweeted \u003c/a>that he accepted blame for hiring too many workers in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I own the responsibility for why everyone is in this situation: I grew the company size too quickly. I apologize for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s $44 billion purchase of Twitter — which he tried to get out of for several months — has saddled the company with $13 billion of new debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His short tenure at the top of Twitter has been marked by hasty changes quickly halted, including his plan for a revamped Twitter Blue verification service, which charged $8 a month to get a blue checkmark on one’s account. Accounts impersonating celebrities, major corporations, and Musk himself proliferated immediately, spurring Twitter to halt Twitter Blue signups\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-elon-musks-chaotic-twitter-blue-verification-rollout-2022-11\"> twice within a week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key executives who were not fired, including Twitter’s head of content moderation and safety on the platform, and the company’s chief privacy officer and compliance officer,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/10/twitter-security-resignations/\"> resigned last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stripe: about 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Payment processing platform Stripe\u003ca href=\"https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/ceo-patrick-collisons-email-to-stripe-employees\"> announced on November 3\u003c/a> that it was cutting 14% of its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stripe CEO Patrick Collison wrote in an email to employees that the pandemic pushed the world toward e-commerce, spurring the company’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said he and his brother and co-founder John Collison had made “two very consequential mistakes”: being too optimistic about the internet economy’s near-term growth, and growing Stripe’s operating costs too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are facing stubborn inflation, energy shocks, higher interest rates, reduced investment budgets, and sparser startup funding. … [M]any parts of the developed world appear to be headed for recession. We think that 2022 represents the beginning of a different economic climate,” Collison wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Salesforce: hundreds of jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salesforce, which makes cloud-based business software, laid off some of its employees last week,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/08/salesforce-cut-hundreds-of-employees-on-monday.html\"> CNBC reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salesforce said in a statement to NPR: “Our sales performance process drives accountability. Unfortunately, that can lead to some leaving the business, and we support them through their transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A source familiar with the cuts said they affected hundreds of employees in the sales organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Microsoft: fewer than 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The software company made cuts across its divisions last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/10/18/microsoft-layoffs-latest-tech-firm-cuts\">Axios reported\u003c/a>. Fewer than 1,000 jobs were cut, a source told Axios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A request for confirmation of the layoffs was not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Zillow, Snap and Robinhood\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the online real estate marketplace, laid off 300 of its employees late last month, TechCrunch \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/26/zillow-layoff-300-employees/\">reported\u003c/a>. The company \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/03/1051941654/zillow-will-stop-buying-and-renovating-homes-and-cut-25-of-its-workforce\">laid off 25% of its workforce \u003c/a>a year ago as it shuttered its instant buying service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snap, the company behind Snapchat, said at the end of August that it was \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.snap.com/en-US/restructuring-and-refocusing-our-business\">cutting its workforce by 20%\u003c/a>. The layoffs affected some 1,200 employees, with the company’s full-time workforce about 6,400 as of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinhood, the brokerage app company, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2022/8/2/a-message-from-our-ceo-and-co-founder-vlad-tenev\">laid off 23% of its workforce\u003c/a> in August. That amounted to 780 employees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-02/robinhood-cuts-23-of-workforce-in-sweeping-reorganization?leadSource=uverify%20wall\">according to Bloomberg\u003c/a>. The company had already reduced its staff by 9% in April. “This did not go far enough,” wrote Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Alina Selyukh contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+the+end+of+the+boom+times+in+tech%2C+as+layoffs+keep+mounting&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For more than two decades, the U.S. tech industry has been a reliable source of booming stocks and cushy, high-paid jobs. In the span of weeks, the sheen has faded and the ax has fallen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 24,000 tech workers across 72 companies have been laid off this month, adding to a total of 120,000 tech jobs lost this year, \u003ca href=\"https://layoffs.fyi/\">according to layoffs.fyi\u003c/a>, which tracks job cuts in the tech industry. It’s safe to say a reckoning is underway, even as each company is grappling with its own challenges. (See: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/12/1136205315/musk-twitter-bankruptcy-how-likely\">Twitter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the companies making public statements have cited at least one of two primary causes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they hired a lot of employees during the pandemic, when people were extremely online. Now, the internet boom has faded, offline life has picked up, and those new employees seem too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, broader economic wobbles have made brands more reluctant to spend on digital ads — a source of revenue for many tech companies. High interest rates have put an end to the cheap-money era of venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the companies that have announced the biggest job cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Amazon: a reported 10,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The online retail and cloud computing behemoth plans to lay off some 10,000 employees in corporate and technology jobs,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/technology/amazon-layoffs.html\"> \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>was the first to report\u003c/a> on Monday. Amazon did not reply to an NPR request for confirmation of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this fall, Amazon employed more than 1.5 million full- and part-time workers around the world, many in warehouses. The 10,000 expected layoffs would comprise about 3% of Amazon’s corporate employees, according to the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>, and a significantly smaller share of its overall workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cuts reportedly will focus on Amazon’s devices division, including Alexa, the company’s virtual assistant technology, as well as its retail and human resources divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/workplace/a-note-about-hiring-from-beth-galetti\">announced a hiring freeze\u003c/a> on corporate jobs. “We’re facing an unusual macro-economic environment, and want to balance our hiring and investments with being thoughtful about this economy,” wrote Beth Galetti, Amazon’s senior vice president of people experience and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meta: 11,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram’s parent company, Meta, laid off 11,000 people last week — about 13% of its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg attributed the cuts to overhiring during the pandemic. In a letter to staff\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2022/11/mark-zuckerberg-layoff-message-to-employees/\"> posted to the corporate website\u003c/a>, he cited a decline in e-commerce, the wider economic downturn, increased competition, and a decline in ad sales–the primary way the company makes money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got this wrong, and I take responsibility for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932364\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932364\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"a man in a black turtleneck explains something on a screen\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg made big investments in the “metaverse,” which he showed off during a virtual event last year. Last week, Zuckerberg announced the company was laying off 13% of its staff. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The layoffs come as the company has invested billions in the so-called metaverse, pitched as a virtual-reality future in which people will work, mingle, exercise and go to concerts. But it’s an unproven bet on the future, and not all everyone is convinced it should be the social media company’s focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg said the workforce cuts would affect the whole organization, with recruiting staff disproportionately affected due to fewer hires anticipated in the coming year. A hiring freeze through the first quarter of 2023 will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Twitter: about 3,700 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Billionaire Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk bought the social media platform at the end of October and wasted no time slashing its workforce. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1132153277/elon-musk-takes-control-of-twitter-and-immediately-ousts-top-executives\">immediately ousted\u003c/a> the company’s leadership, including its CEO, CFO, and top lawyer. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134263184/twitter-layoffs-elon-musk\">Mass layoffs were announced\u003c/a> on November 4, with about 50% of the staff cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regarding Twitter’s reduction in force, unfortunately there is no choice when the company is losing over $4M/day,”\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1588671155766194176\"> Musk tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-founder and former CEO Jack Dorsey \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jack/status/1588913276980633600\">tweeted \u003c/a>that he accepted blame for hiring too many workers in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I own the responsibility for why everyone is in this situation: I grew the company size too quickly. I apologize for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s $44 billion purchase of Twitter — which he tried to get out of for several months — has saddled the company with $13 billion of new debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His short tenure at the top of Twitter has been marked by hasty changes quickly halted, including his plan for a revamped Twitter Blue verification service, which charged $8 a month to get a blue checkmark on one’s account. Accounts impersonating celebrities, major corporations, and Musk himself proliferated immediately, spurring Twitter to halt Twitter Blue signups\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-elon-musks-chaotic-twitter-blue-verification-rollout-2022-11\"> twice within a week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key executives who were not fired, including Twitter’s head of content moderation and safety on the platform, and the company’s chief privacy officer and compliance officer,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/10/twitter-security-resignations/\"> resigned last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stripe: about 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Payment processing platform Stripe\u003ca href=\"https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/ceo-patrick-collisons-email-to-stripe-employees\"> announced on November 3\u003c/a> that it was cutting 14% of its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stripe CEO Patrick Collison wrote in an email to employees that the pandemic pushed the world toward e-commerce, spurring the company’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said he and his brother and co-founder John Collison had made “two very consequential mistakes”: being too optimistic about the internet economy’s near-term growth, and growing Stripe’s operating costs too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are facing stubborn inflation, energy shocks, higher interest rates, reduced investment budgets, and sparser startup funding. … [M]any parts of the developed world appear to be headed for recession. We think that 2022 represents the beginning of a different economic climate,” Collison wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Salesforce: hundreds of jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salesforce, which makes cloud-based business software, laid off some of its employees last week,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/08/salesforce-cut-hundreds-of-employees-on-monday.html\"> CNBC reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salesforce said in a statement to NPR: “Our sales performance process drives accountability. Unfortunately, that can lead to some leaving the business, and we support them through their transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A source familiar with the cuts said they affected hundreds of employees in the sales organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Microsoft: fewer than 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The software company made cuts across its divisions last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/10/18/microsoft-layoffs-latest-tech-firm-cuts\">Axios reported\u003c/a>. Fewer than 1,000 jobs were cut, a source told Axios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A request for confirmation of the layoffs was not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Zillow, Snap and Robinhood\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the online real estate marketplace, laid off 300 of its employees late last month, TechCrunch \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/26/zillow-layoff-300-employees/\">reported\u003c/a>. The company \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/03/1051941654/zillow-will-stop-buying-and-renovating-homes-and-cut-25-of-its-workforce\">laid off 25% of its workforce \u003c/a>a year ago as it shuttered its instant buying service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snap, the company behind Snapchat, said at the end of August that it was \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.snap.com/en-US/restructuring-and-refocusing-our-business\">cutting its workforce by 20%\u003c/a>. The layoffs affected some 1,200 employees, with the company’s full-time workforce about 6,400 as of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinhood, the brokerage app company, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2022/8/2/a-message-from-our-ceo-and-co-founder-vlad-tenev\">laid off 23% of its workforce\u003c/a> in August. That amounted to 780 employees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-02/robinhood-cuts-23-of-workforce-in-sweeping-reorganization?leadSource=uverify%20wall\">according to Bloomberg\u003c/a>. The company had already reduced its staff by 9% in April. “This did not go far enough,” wrote Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
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"id": "science-friday",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
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