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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bay Area is home to thousands of people with Temporary Protected Status, or TPS. Immigrants with TPS are provided a temporary shield from deportation and a work permit as a result of upheaval in their home countries. But as Donald Trump prepares to enter his second term, many fear deportation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5403018978&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei: \u003c/strong>So Tyche, the Bay Area is home to thousands of immigrants who have Temporary Protected status or TPS. Tell me, what are the origins of the TPS program and what does it do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks:\u003c/strong> So this is something that Congress put into law in 1990. The idea is that when there’s a war or a natural disaster or some other extraordinary crisis conditions in a country, if there are people in the U.S. who are deportable, we’re not going to send them back into that crisis. And so the U.S. is giving people a temporary protection from deportation and a work permit. It’s not a visa. It’s not, you know, a green card. But they’ve been vetted by the government and the government knows who they are and where they are and has said, you can stay here. But they have no path to a green card and to citizenship. The Secretary of Homeland Security decides to grant TPS and for how long. It could be anywhere from six months to 18 months. The secretary has to look at the country conditions. They consult with the Secretary of State or the State Department and, you know, determine that this is a country we want to grant this for. And I will say there are currently 1.1 million people right now in the United States who have that status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei: \u003c/strong>And then for those protections, once that period of time is over, what happens then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:05:27] This law that Congress passed in 1990 very clearly spells out a process. 60 days before a TPS grant is is set to expire again, the Secretary of Homeland Security has to take a look and decide, am I going to extend it? Am I going to terminate it, let it expire? And they have to give their reasons and then they have to publish in the Federal Register what they plan to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:05:52] Now, Tyche, you’ve met with someone in the Bay Area who’s here through TPS. Her name is Oksana Demidenko. Tell me more about her. Who is she and where did you meet her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:06] Oksana’s from Ukraine. She lived in Kiev with her mother and her four cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:13] Yes, I’m leave Ukrainian because in the Ukraine, the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:16] You know, bombs were raining down in 2022. They were huddling in the hallway under coats at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:23] And, you know, some some day very hard. It’s now in the Ukraine, it’s genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:30] And so she was able to come to the U.S. under a program that you might have heard of Uniting for Ukraine, which was a what they call a humanitarian parole, where we said, you know, Ukrainians, if you can find a U.S. sponsor and there was a system for matching Ukrainians with sponsors, then you can come to the U.S. again on a similar temporary period with a work permit. And so Oksana did that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:56] And then open program for Ukrainian in America. Just send message to everybody in sight. Welcome US.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:07:05] And you also met with the person who sponsored her, the Bay Area resident, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:10] That’s right. Mary Wogec is a public health administrator. As I said, she lives in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:07:16] My family is from Eastern Europe. My grandfather was from Croatia and my grandmother was from Hungary. So, you know, I, I care about Eastern Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:28] And she was so raw up over watching the war unfold on television.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:07:33] Then it occurred to me, I live alone in a three bedroom house with my two cats. And I thought if –when I, when I learned about the Uniting for Ukraine program, I thought, wow, I actually have room in my house and in my life for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:51] And she ended up getting a lot of Ukrainians wanting to come and be hosted by her. She said it came down to a mom with a couple of kids. And Oksana with her four cats. And she said, I bet the woman with the kids is going to have an easier time finding a place here. And so she took Oksana and her cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:08:10] Probably the only glitch was that the cats really didn’t enjoy each other’s company as much as we enjoyed each other’s company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:08:19] I mean, that’s an incredible story. First, that generosity, but also for someone like Oksana, who has to come here under really hard conditions. What has she shared with you about what life has been like for her living in Richmond?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:08:33] Yeah. Oksana was trained as a nurse in Ukraine, and when she got here, she thought she was going to get certified as an American nurse and do that for work. But when she met Mary, her host, who works for the state’s Department of Public Health. She learned that there are actually there’s a shortage of laboratory researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:08:54] And we have a lot of lab tech positions at the state. So I encouraged Oksana to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:01] So she applied for a job and she works in a lab that’s tracking contagious respiratory viruses like the avian flu. And so she feels like she really has found a niche that has real, you know, real importance and real value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:09:17] Every week they have an online club and talk about some interesting cases. I love my work, my team. Amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:27] It was really remarkable to watch these two women. They’ve been housemates now for a couple of years, two and a half years, I’d say. And they really formed this bond in this partnership. But for Oksana, you know, it’s been a big adjustment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:09:42] You know, when I’m just arrived, it’s it’s still with me. When I’m sleep, in rocket attack\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:48] And she had a little story about when she first got here. Mary gave her a box of See’s candy, little chocolates as a welcome gift. And she said when she would wake up in the night in a terror, she would take a chocolate and she would eat the chocolate, and she would be like, I’m safe. I’m in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:10:07] And then I’m in night, like, just, you know, like like this. I’m just take candy in America. It’s American candy. It’s my anti-depressant candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:10:22] So Oksana has protection now, but she knows that the Trump administration could take that away. And she is feeling a tremendous amount of anxiety about her future. She knows that she can’t live in Ukraine. You know, she’s really fearful about what will happen. And she really doesn’t want to live here as an undocumented person. She’s been trying to figure out alternatives for herself. She had a hobby of making soap back in Ukraine, and she’s taken Mary’s garage and she’s started a little soap workshop. And she thinks like, if I could build a business, you know, maybe I could get like an entrepreneur visa or something to stay, which is very hard to do. You know, she’s just casting about for any way that she can stay here. And really, a lot of it is not in her control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:11:13] I can’t live in country illegal. And if this close, I my work authorization goes too. I need work. I love my work. My job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:11:31] That sense of safety now is is precarious for someone like Oksana, who is worried as Trump enters his second term and this uncertainty around the future of the TPS program. Tell me, what exactly has Trump said and his team said about TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:11:49] I mean, we can go back. You know, in his first term, Trump tried to end TPS, and we can talk about that. But on the campaign trail, you remember there was a kerfuffle around Springfield, Ohio, where a lot of Haitian immigrants had settled, have been invited, in fact, by the the city leaders to to work there. Some of them are on TPS in Springfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trump \u003c/strong>[00:12:13] They’re eating the dogs, the people that came in. They’re eating the cats. They’re eating. They’re eating the pets of the people that lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:12:23] Trump was making preposterous claims about Haitians eating cats and dogs and then was saying, look, I’m going to end TPS for Haitians. I’m going to deport them. J.D. Vance, his vice president, was saying, you know, we’re not going to keep granting TPS. Trump named someone into a position that he’s created a border czar. Tom Holman, who worked in Homeland Security as a career person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Holman \u003c/strong>[00:12:49] TPS is at the discretion of the secretary of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:12:52] Homan I heard on a radio program talking about how he feels that the new administration needs to really go tough on TPS and remove people who are here as soon as their their TPS expires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Holman \u003c/strong>[00:13:09] Whatever whatever reason you got temporary protected status, maybe it’s a hurricane in your homeland maybe, war in your homeland. So in that situation, you need to go home and we need to be real hard on that. That temporary means temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:13:25] A lot of us taking are familiar with the anti-immigration rhetoric that we’ve been hearing during the election cycle. What are the specific arguments they have against TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:13:36] Yeah, I mean, I think it’s fair to say that that Trump and people in his orbit are looking to slash immigration overall and have a general sense of hostility towards immigrants. So this is one way to accomplish that. With regard specifically to TPS, I mean, this came up in the first Trump administration when, as I say, he tried to end the program. There were multiple lawsuits actually challenging that. The Trump administration reads the 1990 law that created TPS as saying as soon as those crisis conditions in a country have resolved, then people need to go home. Other administrations, both Democratic and Republican, have said they need to look at what’s happening on the ground at that time. For example, TPS for Haiti was established after a major earthquake about eight years ago. But now there’s like totally nonfunctioning government. Gangs are running rampant and slaughtering people. And the U.S. has said we’re going to keep extending TPS because it’s not safe to deport people back there right now. So it’s a question of like, was it the original conditions or can you keep looking at the facts on the ground?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:15:00] Okay. What would it take to end the program? Today, as Trump enters the White House for the second time, could Trump and his administration be more successful and aggressive this time around?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:15:15] Well, they’ve definitely signaled that they are going to be more aggressive. Now, what does that look like when it comes to TPS? Unlike a lot of other kinds of humanitarian parole, including DACA, which was created by Obama by executive action. TPS is in the law. It was written by Congress. And so really, it’s up to Congress to if they’re going to eliminate the program altogether. That’s the job for Congress. What a president can do or an administration can do is to say, we’re not going to renew TPS. You know, each time it expires for a different country, we’re just going to let it let it go. And then we’re going to go after people who are still here and make sure they leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:15:58] Now, as we saw in the first administration, that was easier said than done. There were TPS holders and their children, their U.S. citizen children, who filed a lawsuit and basically said, you know, the way he went about it was disregarded. The law was was not following procedure was illegal. The courts blocked Trump from terminating TPS at that time for long enough that once Biden came into office, he reinstated those TPS grants. And the the case wound down. It’s very possible that this administration will go more full bore and try to to end TPS designations before they expire, and then that would surely end up in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:17:05] So you mentioned this lawsuit during Trump’s first term when he tried to end TPS and this lawsuit was successful in blocking his effort. And you spoke to this other Bay Area resident, Krista Ramos, who was a key figure in that lawsuit. Tell me a little bit about her. Who is she and what is her story?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:17:35] You know, she came of age in this struggle over several years through high school of fighting to keep TPS so that her mother wouldn’t be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:17:46] You were 14 when you got involved with with the case. And how old are you now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:17:52] I’m 20 and I’ll be 20. I’ll be 21 in 2 months. Yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:17:58] Krista Ramos and her mother, Christina Morales, were named plaintiffs in this big lawsuit. It was called Ramos v Nielsen. Kirstjen Nielsen was the Homeland Security secretary. Krista Ramos was a 14 year old kid in San Paolo, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:18:16] My worry was high school. Like I was going to what was my high school experience going to be like? But in that moment, my focus became on my family and keeping my family together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:18:26] Now, her mother, Christina, came from El Salvador in the 90s, actually as a teenager herself, fleeing war and so forth in El Salvador. And Christina came to the U.S. illegally. She had no way of of legalizing her status. Then TPS for El Salvador was declared and she was eligible. And so she has lived her basically her adult life on this status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Christina Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:18:53] It’s a very hard situation. There’s a lot of fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:19:01] There’s an insecurity every 18 months. Is it going to be renewed? Is it going to be renewed? You know, she’s married. She’s got two kids. She’s active coaching soccer, active in the church, has become active in this campaign for immigrant rights. And her daughter has too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:19:19] And then this time around, the anti-gay anti-immigrant rhetoric just got even stronger, more hateful. This time, it feels like we’re really reliving what we went through when we were teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:19:32] Her mom was really. You know, sort of feeling pain and sadness at the thought that Trump was going to return to office and really had so much disregard for immigrants like herself. She’s a she’s an educator. She works with autistic kids. She’s you know, she’s she’s thinks of herself as a contributing member of her community. And Krista said, you know, I don’t it’s not even pain for me. I’m just mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:20:01] Yeah. It’s just I feel so much anger, but I want to turn that anger into change to fight and that I’m not just going to stand by with whatever happens, that I’m going to be involved in fighting for my family, but also overall, the entire immigrant community, because what’s going to happen next is not just going to affect TPS. recipients. It’s going to affect all immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:20:30] So is there anything, Tyche, that the outgoing Biden administration can do to respond to these threats from the Trump administration to end TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:20:41] These grants of TPS for each individual country, run for, you know, 18 months at the max. And as I said, 60 days before one expires, the president, well the Secretary of Homeland Security has to say, I’m extending or I’m terminating. And the very first one that’s going to expire after Biden leaves office is for El Salvador, for Krista’s mom, Cristina. So Biden, his administration has the power to say and has to say we’re extending or we’re terminating the secretary of state. Blinken has, you know, back in the fall, made some recommendations. And Blinken sent a letter saying, look, Ukraine, Sudan, Venezuela. Biden, what he could do is to re-designate them, which means that people who don’t have it currently can apply. Maybe people who arrived in this country since the last TPS designation for that country. And so it would protect more people here. We’ll see. I mean, Biden has two more weeks. We’ll see if he takes any action on those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:21:51] And worth noting, since you mentioned the El Salvador protections expiring soon. Yeah, there’s many Salvadorans in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:22:00] Yes, there are. And, you know, of the 17 countries with TPS, I mean, Salvadorans, Hondurans, we have a big Ukrainian population here. We have quite a lot of Afghans who’ve settled from the Bay Area up to Sacramento. And, you know, numbers of those are people with temporary protected status. So these are all people whose, you know, whose lives are on the line here. There are about 75,000 TPS holders across California. You know, this is very much a concern for those individuals and their families and their bosses and, you know, their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:22:46] Certainly, you know, immigrant advocates, many different people in the Bay Area are sort of bracing themselves for the incoming Trump administration. It’s happening in a couple of weeks. And I wonder for you, Tyche, like you mentioned, you’ve been reporting on immigration for over two decades. And for you, how are you feeling in this moment? What are you sort of keeping your eyes and ears open for as you prepare for what’s coming in the next couple of weeks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:23:14] I’m mindful of the fact that California is a state of immigrants. More than a quarter of the people who live in this state are are people who were born in another country. One out of three people in the California workforce was born in another country. And that includes people on temporary protected status. There’s a lot of fear out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:23:42] And so while I keep an eye on the policy and looking at what, you know, what Washington is doing, I’m also really, keeping in mind that these are people’s lives and, you know, sort of human family relationships and that our economy runs on the work and the ingenuity and the diligence of of immigrants amongst all of us, the ripple effects of what a Trump administration does politically, you know, affect people in very personal ways and affect, you know, those of us who are not immigrants, too, because that is the fabric of our society and our communities.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Bay Area is home to thousands of people with Temporary Protected Status, or TPS. Immigrants with TPS are provided a temporary shield from deportation and a work permit as a result of upheaval in their home countries. But as Donald Trump prepares to enter his second term, many fear deportation.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC5403018978&light=true\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is a computer-generated transcript. While our team has reviewed it, there may be errors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei: \u003c/strong>So Tyche, the Bay Area is home to thousands of immigrants who have Temporary Protected status or TPS. Tell me, what are the origins of the TPS program and what does it do?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks:\u003c/strong> So this is something that Congress put into law in 1990. The idea is that when there’s a war or a natural disaster or some other extraordinary crisis conditions in a country, if there are people in the U.S. who are deportable, we’re not going to send them back into that crisis. And so the U.S. is giving people a temporary protection from deportation and a work permit. It’s not a visa. It’s not, you know, a green card. But they’ve been vetted by the government and the government knows who they are and where they are and has said, you can stay here. But they have no path to a green card and to citizenship. The Secretary of Homeland Security decides to grant TPS and for how long. It could be anywhere from six months to 18 months. The secretary has to look at the country conditions. They consult with the Secretary of State or the State Department and, you know, determine that this is a country we want to grant this for. And I will say there are currently 1.1 million people right now in the United States who have that status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei: \u003c/strong>And then for those protections, once that period of time is over, what happens then?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:05:27] This law that Congress passed in 1990 very clearly spells out a process. 60 days before a TPS grant is is set to expire again, the Secretary of Homeland Security has to take a look and decide, am I going to extend it? Am I going to terminate it, let it expire? And they have to give their reasons and then they have to publish in the Federal Register what they plan to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:05:52] Now, Tyche, you’ve met with someone in the Bay Area who’s here through TPS. Her name is Oksana Demidenko. Tell me more about her. Who is she and where did you meet her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:06] Oksana’s from Ukraine. She lived in Kiev with her mother and her four cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:13] Yes, I’m leave Ukrainian because in the Ukraine, the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:16] You know, bombs were raining down in 2022. They were huddling in the hallway under coats at night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:23] And, you know, some some day very hard. It’s now in the Ukraine, it’s genocide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:06:30] And so she was able to come to the U.S. under a program that you might have heard of Uniting for Ukraine, which was a what they call a humanitarian parole, where we said, you know, Ukrainians, if you can find a U.S. sponsor and there was a system for matching Ukrainians with sponsors, then you can come to the U.S. again on a similar temporary period with a work permit. And so Oksana did that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:06:56] And then open program for Ukrainian in America. Just send message to everybody in sight. Welcome US.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:07:05] And you also met with the person who sponsored her, the Bay Area resident, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:10] That’s right. Mary Wogec is a public health administrator. As I said, she lives in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:07:16] My family is from Eastern Europe. My grandfather was from Croatia and my grandmother was from Hungary. So, you know, I, I care about Eastern Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:28] And she was so raw up over watching the war unfold on television.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:07:33] Then it occurred to me, I live alone in a three bedroom house with my two cats. And I thought if –when I, when I learned about the Uniting for Ukraine program, I thought, wow, I actually have room in my house and in my life for people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:07:51] And she ended up getting a lot of Ukrainians wanting to come and be hosted by her. She said it came down to a mom with a couple of kids. And Oksana with her four cats. And she said, I bet the woman with the kids is going to have an easier time finding a place here. And so she took Oksana and her cats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:08:10] Probably the only glitch was that the cats really didn’t enjoy each other’s company as much as we enjoyed each other’s company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:08:19] I mean, that’s an incredible story. First, that generosity, but also for someone like Oksana, who has to come here under really hard conditions. What has she shared with you about what life has been like for her living in Richmond?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:08:33] Yeah. Oksana was trained as a nurse in Ukraine, and when she got here, she thought she was going to get certified as an American nurse and do that for work. But when she met Mary, her host, who works for the state’s Department of Public Health. She learned that there are actually there’s a shortage of laboratory researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mary Wogec \u003c/strong>[00:08:54] And we have a lot of lab tech positions at the state. So I encouraged Oksana to apply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:01] So she applied for a job and she works in a lab that’s tracking contagious respiratory viruses like the avian flu. And so she feels like she really has found a niche that has real, you know, real importance and real value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:09:17] Every week they have an online club and talk about some interesting cases. I love my work, my team. Amazing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:27] It was really remarkable to watch these two women. They’ve been housemates now for a couple of years, two and a half years, I’d say. And they really formed this bond in this partnership. But for Oksana, you know, it’s been a big adjustment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:09:42] You know, when I’m just arrived, it’s it’s still with me. When I’m sleep, in rocket attack\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:09:48] And she had a little story about when she first got here. Mary gave her a box of See’s candy, little chocolates as a welcome gift. And she said when she would wake up in the night in a terror, she would take a chocolate and she would eat the chocolate, and she would be like, I’m safe. I’m in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:10:07] And then I’m in night, like, just, you know, like like this. I’m just take candy in America. It’s American candy. It’s my anti-depressant candy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:10:22] So Oksana has protection now, but she knows that the Trump administration could take that away. And she is feeling a tremendous amount of anxiety about her future. She knows that she can’t live in Ukraine. You know, she’s really fearful about what will happen. And she really doesn’t want to live here as an undocumented person. She’s been trying to figure out alternatives for herself. She had a hobby of making soap back in Ukraine, and she’s taken Mary’s garage and she’s started a little soap workshop. And she thinks like, if I could build a business, you know, maybe I could get like an entrepreneur visa or something to stay, which is very hard to do. You know, she’s just casting about for any way that she can stay here. And really, a lot of it is not in her control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Oksana Demidenko \u003c/strong>[00:11:13] I can’t live in country illegal. And if this close, I my work authorization goes too. I need work. I love my work. My job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:11:31] That sense of safety now is is precarious for someone like Oksana, who is worried as Trump enters his second term and this uncertainty around the future of the TPS program. Tell me, what exactly has Trump said and his team said about TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:11:49] I mean, we can go back. You know, in his first term, Trump tried to end TPS, and we can talk about that. But on the campaign trail, you remember there was a kerfuffle around Springfield, Ohio, where a lot of Haitian immigrants had settled, have been invited, in fact, by the the city leaders to to work there. Some of them are on TPS in Springfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Trump \u003c/strong>[00:12:13] They’re eating the dogs, the people that came in. They’re eating the cats. They’re eating. They’re eating the pets of the people that lives there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:12:23] Trump was making preposterous claims about Haitians eating cats and dogs and then was saying, look, I’m going to end TPS for Haitians. I’m going to deport them. J.D. Vance, his vice president, was saying, you know, we’re not going to keep granting TPS. Trump named someone into a position that he’s created a border czar. Tom Holman, who worked in Homeland Security as a career person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Holman \u003c/strong>[00:12:49] TPS is at the discretion of the secretary of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:12:52] Homan I heard on a radio program talking about how he feels that the new administration needs to really go tough on TPS and remove people who are here as soon as their their TPS expires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tom Holman \u003c/strong>[00:13:09] Whatever whatever reason you got temporary protected status, maybe it’s a hurricane in your homeland maybe, war in your homeland. So in that situation, you need to go home and we need to be real hard on that. That temporary means temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:13:25] A lot of us taking are familiar with the anti-immigration rhetoric that we’ve been hearing during the election cycle. What are the specific arguments they have against TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:13:36] Yeah, I mean, I think it’s fair to say that that Trump and people in his orbit are looking to slash immigration overall and have a general sense of hostility towards immigrants. So this is one way to accomplish that. With regard specifically to TPS, I mean, this came up in the first Trump administration when, as I say, he tried to end the program. There were multiple lawsuits actually challenging that. The Trump administration reads the 1990 law that created TPS as saying as soon as those crisis conditions in a country have resolved, then people need to go home. Other administrations, both Democratic and Republican, have said they need to look at what’s happening on the ground at that time. For example, TPS for Haiti was established after a major earthquake about eight years ago. But now there’s like totally nonfunctioning government. Gangs are running rampant and slaughtering people. And the U.S. has said we’re going to keep extending TPS because it’s not safe to deport people back there right now. So it’s a question of like, was it the original conditions or can you keep looking at the facts on the ground?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:15:00] Okay. What would it take to end the program? Today, as Trump enters the White House for the second time, could Trump and his administration be more successful and aggressive this time around?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:15:15] Well, they’ve definitely signaled that they are going to be more aggressive. Now, what does that look like when it comes to TPS? Unlike a lot of other kinds of humanitarian parole, including DACA, which was created by Obama by executive action. TPS is in the law. It was written by Congress. And so really, it’s up to Congress to if they’re going to eliminate the program altogether. That’s the job for Congress. What a president can do or an administration can do is to say, we’re not going to renew TPS. You know, each time it expires for a different country, we’re just going to let it let it go. And then we’re going to go after people who are still here and make sure they leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:15:58] Now, as we saw in the first administration, that was easier said than done. There were TPS holders and their children, their U.S. citizen children, who filed a lawsuit and basically said, you know, the way he went about it was disregarded. The law was was not following procedure was illegal. The courts blocked Trump from terminating TPS at that time for long enough that once Biden came into office, he reinstated those TPS grants. And the the case wound down. It’s very possible that this administration will go more full bore and try to to end TPS designations before they expire, and then that would surely end up in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:17:05] So you mentioned this lawsuit during Trump’s first term when he tried to end TPS and this lawsuit was successful in blocking his effort. And you spoke to this other Bay Area resident, Krista Ramos, who was a key figure in that lawsuit. Tell me a little bit about her. Who is she and what is her story?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:17:35] You know, she came of age in this struggle over several years through high school of fighting to keep TPS so that her mother wouldn’t be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:17:46] You were 14 when you got involved with with the case. And how old are you now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:17:52] I’m 20 and I’ll be 20. I’ll be 21 in 2 months. Yeah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:17:58] Krista Ramos and her mother, Christina Morales, were named plaintiffs in this big lawsuit. It was called Ramos v Nielsen. Kirstjen Nielsen was the Homeland Security secretary. Krista Ramos was a 14 year old kid in San Paolo, California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:18:16] My worry was high school. Like I was going to what was my high school experience going to be like? But in that moment, my focus became on my family and keeping my family together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:18:26] Now, her mother, Christina, came from El Salvador in the 90s, actually as a teenager herself, fleeing war and so forth in El Salvador. And Christina came to the U.S. illegally. She had no way of of legalizing her status. Then TPS for El Salvador was declared and she was eligible. And so she has lived her basically her adult life on this status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Christina Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:18:53] It’s a very hard situation. There’s a lot of fear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:19:01] There’s an insecurity every 18 months. Is it going to be renewed? Is it going to be renewed? You know, she’s married. She’s got two kids. She’s active coaching soccer, active in the church, has become active in this campaign for immigrant rights. And her daughter has too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:19:19] And then this time around, the anti-gay anti-immigrant rhetoric just got even stronger, more hateful. This time, it feels like we’re really reliving what we went through when we were teenagers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:19:32] Her mom was really. You know, sort of feeling pain and sadness at the thought that Trump was going to return to office and really had so much disregard for immigrants like herself. She’s a she’s an educator. She works with autistic kids. She’s you know, she’s she’s thinks of herself as a contributing member of her community. And Krista said, you know, I don’t it’s not even pain for me. I’m just mad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Krista Ramos \u003c/strong>[00:20:01] Yeah. It’s just I feel so much anger, but I want to turn that anger into change to fight and that I’m not just going to stand by with whatever happens, that I’m going to be involved in fighting for my family, but also overall, the entire immigrant community, because what’s going to happen next is not just going to affect TPS. recipients. It’s going to affect all immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:20:30] So is there anything, Tyche, that the outgoing Biden administration can do to respond to these threats from the Trump administration to end TPS?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:20:41] These grants of TPS for each individual country, run for, you know, 18 months at the max. And as I said, 60 days before one expires, the president, well the Secretary of Homeland Security has to say, I’m extending or I’m terminating. And the very first one that’s going to expire after Biden leaves office is for El Salvador, for Krista’s mom, Cristina. So Biden, his administration has the power to say and has to say we’re extending or we’re terminating the secretary of state. Blinken has, you know, back in the fall, made some recommendations. And Blinken sent a letter saying, look, Ukraine, Sudan, Venezuela. Biden, what he could do is to re-designate them, which means that people who don’t have it currently can apply. Maybe people who arrived in this country since the last TPS designation for that country. And so it would protect more people here. We’ll see. I mean, Biden has two more weeks. We’ll see if he takes any action on those.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:21:51] And worth noting, since you mentioned the El Salvador protections expiring soon. Yeah, there’s many Salvadorans in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:22:00] Yes, there are. And, you know, of the 17 countries with TPS, I mean, Salvadorans, Hondurans, we have a big Ukrainian population here. We have quite a lot of Afghans who’ve settled from the Bay Area up to Sacramento. And, you know, numbers of those are people with temporary protected status. So these are all people whose, you know, whose lives are on the line here. There are about 75,000 TPS holders across California. You know, this is very much a concern for those individuals and their families and their bosses and, you know, their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Cecilia Lei \u003c/strong>[00:22:46] Certainly, you know, immigrant advocates, many different people in the Bay Area are sort of bracing themselves for the incoming Trump administration. It’s happening in a couple of weeks. And I wonder for you, Tyche, like you mentioned, you’ve been reporting on immigration for over two decades. And for you, how are you feeling in this moment? What are you sort of keeping your eyes and ears open for as you prepare for what’s coming in the next couple of weeks?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tyche Hendricks \u003c/strong>[00:23:14] I’m mindful of the fact that California is a state of immigrants. More than a quarter of the people who live in this state are are people who were born in another country. One out of three people in the California workforce was born in another country. And that includes people on temporary protected status. There’s a lot of fear out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[00:23:42] And so while I keep an eye on the policy and looking at what, you know, what Washington is doing, I’m also really, keeping in mind that these are people’s lives and, you know, sort of human family relationships and that our economy runs on the work and the ingenuity and the diligence of of immigrants amongst all of us, the ripple effects of what a Trump administration does politically, you know, affect people in very personal ways and affect, you know, those of us who are not immigrants, too, because that is the fabric of our society and our communities.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Bolstered by the rosiest fiscal picture of his second term, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> on Monday announced a plan to balance the state budget without any spending cuts — prioritizing existing programs and future savings over any ambitious new investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he unveiled his $322.2 billion spending plan for the 2025–26 budget year, Newsom called on the Legislature to approve modest new investments in economic development and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016294/california-democrats-prepare-for-trump-vow-renewed-focus-affordability\">funding potential court battles\u003c/a> with the incoming Trump administration, along with reforms to allow California to save more money for future budget downturns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about more transparency, it’s about reform and it’s about being prepared for uncertainties into the future,” Newsom said of the budget plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officially, the administration is projecting a slight surplus in the spending plan, although the governor did not specify the surplus amount. In November, the Legislative Analyst’s Office had projected a $2 billion shortfall, which it described as leaving the budget “roughly balanced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The projected surplus, fueled by higher-than-expected tax revenue, represents a likely turnaround from the budget shortfalls of the last two years, including the $27.6 billion deficit that was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11992607/newsom-signs-california-budget-to-close-46-8-billion-deficit\">closed in the last state budget\u003c/a> passed in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at an event in Turlock, Newsom departed from past practice by sharing only highlights from his budget plan, leaving the full release of the spending plan until Friday. The January proposal signals the beginning of the annual state budget process at the Capitol. Newsom will release a revised proposal in May after most Californians file their taxes, and the budget will cover July 2025 through June 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s most significant new policy announcement was a proposal to allow the state to stash more money in its rainy day fund. Currently, the reserve is capped at 10% of the state’s expected tax revenue — a limit Newsom wants to double. He also proposed exempting the rainy day savings from the state’s limit on spending. Both changes would need approval from California voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to create the right political conditions to advance it,” Newsom said. “That’s going to take a Herculean effort, but we’ve been talking about it for long enough — it’s time to move forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12020393 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250105_OakFireClose_DMB_00044-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom described the moves as a way to temper California’s notorious budget volatility. The state’s progressive tax system relies heavily on revenue from a small share of high-earners, whose incomes and tax liability can fluctuate with the stock market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007585/california-saw-a-huge-tax-windfall-this-summer-that-points-to-silicon-valley\">stock market surge\u003c/a>, driven by California-based chip maker Nvidia, has led to income and capital gains tax revenue exceeding the expectations of state budget officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the current fiscal picture is still a far cry from the record surpluses Newsom enjoyed in the years immediately after the pandemic. Newsom signaled his administration will focus on implementing existing initiatives, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989789/as-californias-transitional-kindergarten-enrollment-grows-parents-must-make-big-choices\">transitional kindergarten for all 4-year-olds\u003c/a> in the state, along with efforts to improve government efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New spending initiatives announced so far are modest: a $100 million economic plan centered on programs to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018471/newsom-pitches-plan-help-californians-without-degrees-land-high-paying-jobs\">support workers without a college degree\u003c/a> in the job market and a $25 million set-aside for anticipated legal costs as the state gears up to challenge the Trump administration in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom proposed the litigation funding as part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12013395/newsom-calls-special-session-prepare-california-legal-fight-against-trump\">a special legislative session\u003c/a> focused on the incoming administration, and the governor said Monday he remains confident the funds will be approved prior to President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration on Jan. 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re also walking into headwinds,” Newsom said of the incoming administration, describing a “radically different moment in U.S. history — world history, arguably — and as a consequence, we need to be prepared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Bolstered by the rosiest fiscal picture of his second term, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/gavin-newsom\">Gov. Gavin Newsom\u003c/a> on Monday announced a plan to balance the state budget without any spending cuts — prioritizing existing programs and future savings over any ambitious new investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he unveiled his $322.2 billion spending plan for the 2025–26 budget year, Newsom called on the Legislature to approve modest new investments in economic development and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016294/california-democrats-prepare-for-trump-vow-renewed-focus-affordability\">funding potential court battles\u003c/a> with the incoming Trump administration, along with reforms to allow California to save more money for future budget downturns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about more transparency, it’s about reform and it’s about being prepared for uncertainties into the future,” Newsom said of the budget plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officially, the administration is projecting a slight surplus in the spending plan, although the governor did not specify the surplus amount. In November, the Legislative Analyst’s Office had projected a $2 billion shortfall, which it described as leaving the budget “roughly balanced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The projected surplus, fueled by higher-than-expected tax revenue, represents a likely turnaround from the budget shortfalls of the last two years, including the $27.6 billion deficit that was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11992607/newsom-signs-california-budget-to-close-46-8-billion-deficit\">closed in the last state budget\u003c/a> passed in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at an event in Turlock, Newsom departed from past practice by sharing only highlights from his budget plan, leaving the full release of the spending plan until Friday. The January proposal signals the beginning of the annual state budget process at the Capitol. Newsom will release a revised proposal in May after most Californians file their taxes, and the budget will cover July 2025 through June 2026.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s most significant new policy announcement was a proposal to allow the state to stash more money in its rainy day fund. Currently, the reserve is capped at 10% of the state’s expected tax revenue — a limit Newsom wants to double. He also proposed exempting the rainy day savings from the state’s limit on spending. Both changes would need approval from California voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to create the right political conditions to advance it,” Newsom said. “That’s going to take a Herculean effort, but we’ve been talking about it for long enough — it’s time to move forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom described the moves as a way to temper California’s notorious budget volatility. The state’s progressive tax system relies heavily on revenue from a small share of high-earners, whose incomes and tax liability can fluctuate with the stock market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007585/california-saw-a-huge-tax-windfall-this-summer-that-points-to-silicon-valley\">stock market surge\u003c/a>, driven by California-based chip maker Nvidia, has led to income and capital gains tax revenue exceeding the expectations of state budget officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the current fiscal picture is still a far cry from the record surpluses Newsom enjoyed in the years immediately after the pandemic. Newsom signaled his administration will focus on implementing existing initiatives, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11989789/as-californias-transitional-kindergarten-enrollment-grows-parents-must-make-big-choices\">transitional kindergarten for all 4-year-olds\u003c/a> in the state, along with efforts to improve government efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New spending initiatives announced so far are modest: a $100 million economic plan centered on programs to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018471/newsom-pitches-plan-help-californians-without-degrees-land-high-paying-jobs\">support workers without a college degree\u003c/a> in the job market and a $25 million set-aside for anticipated legal costs as the state gears up to challenge the Trump administration in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom proposed the litigation funding as part of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12013395/newsom-calls-special-session-prepare-california-legal-fight-against-trump\">a special legislative session\u003c/a> focused on the incoming administration, and the governor said Monday he remains confident the funds will be approved prior to President-elect Donald Trump’s inauguration on Jan. 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re also walking into headwinds,” Newsom said of the incoming administration, describing a “radically different moment in U.S. history — world history, arguably — and as a consequence, we need to be prepared.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With the election and the holidays behind them, the California Legislature returns to Sacramento today to kick off a new session in earnest. It will be several more months before the political wrangling over the state budget and thousands of proposed bills truly ramps up, but priorities are emerging as lawmakers try to stake their claim on the hottest issues of the day. Here are some stories to watch at the Capitol in 2025:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tackling affordability\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After a disappointing election for Democrats, legislative leaders reemerged with a message aimed at easing voters’ anxieties about how expensive California is. Senate President Pro Tem Mike McGuire, a Healdsburg Democrat, and Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas, a Salinas Democrat, both told CalMatters last month that their focus this session will be \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/12/california-legislature-rivas-mcguire-newsom/\">advancing policies that lower the cost of living for working Californians\u003c/a>, including by building more housing, making energy cheaper and improving public infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our only way forward is to acknowledge that we have to do better,” Rivas said. “It’s clear — we haven’t done enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their colleagues have responded so far with bills that would \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab6?_gl=1*itv6kb*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">ease construction standards\u003c/a> for small apartment buildings and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab30?_gl=1*itv6kb*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">increase the amount of ethanol\u003c/a> that can be blended with gasoline, an effort to reduce prices at the pump. Expect many more proposals as legislators finalize their agendas in the weeks ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats, who hold a three-quarters supermajority in both houses, face an arduous messaging war with the emboldened Republican minority, which flipped three seats in November. GOP lawmakers quickly introduced far-reaching measures — \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab23?_gl=1*87651r*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">ending gas and electricity taxes\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb2?_gl=1*87651r*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">voiding low-carbon fuel standards\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb17?_gl=1*87651r*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">exempting tipped wages from taxation\u003c/a> — that will almost certainly go nowhere but stand to make Democrats’ efforts look less consequential by comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would call it an invitation to the Democrats,” Assembly Republican Leader James Gallagher of Yuba City said in an interview. “In order to actually do something about affordability, they have to back away from the policies they’ve championed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Resistance 2.0\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the response from California politicians to Donald Trump’s victory in the November presidential election has been far more subdued than it was eight years ago, they are still gearing up for a fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days after Trump’s win, Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/gavin-newsom-special-session-trump-resistance/\">called for a special session\u003c/a> to set aside funding for the state to take his Republican administration to court. Democratic lawmakers plan to rush in the coming weeks to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520261AB1\">appropriate $25 million\u003c/a> for legal resources before Trump takes office on Jan. 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though some have warned against getting sidetracked by another showdown with the president, legislators are also already putting forward proposals to safeguard Californians against actions they anticipate Trump will take. These include bills to \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab54?_gl=1*mwy5ql*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">ensure access to medication abortion\u003c/a>, make contraceptives \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab50?_gl=1*10jpkwb*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">more readily available over the counter\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab45?_gl=1*10jpkwb*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">protect the privacy of patients\u003c/a> getting abortions in California, as well as to further limit \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab15?_gl=1*1ks1761*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">collaboration by state prisons\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb48?slug=CA_202520260SB48&_gl=1*1ks1761*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">school districts\u003c/a> with federal immigrant enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States of America is in the calm before the storm. The hurricane is about to hit,” McGuire told CalMatters last month. “And shame on us if we’re not battening down the hatches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even California shifted toward Trump in November: He \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/elections/2024/12/california-election-results-trump-vote-2024/\">gained vote share\u003c/a> in all but one county, albeit by only enough for him to reach 38% of the statewide vote. Newly elected Assemblymember Carl DeMaio, a San Diego Republican, said in an interview that the GOP has an opportunity to capitalize on an overwhelming “appetite for change” among Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Democrats are “dividing and distracting” the public with their fight against Trump instead of “getting things done,” DeMaio said, he plans to use his popular conservative podcast as a daily platform to ramp up public pressure on the Legislature to shift course. He has introduced a 10-bill package challenging liberal orthodoxy on \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab18?_gl=1*1xiywcm*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">border security\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab25?_gl=1*1xiywcm*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">voter identification requirements\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab21?_gl=1*1xiywcm*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">tax increases\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab22?_gl=1*1xiywcm*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">early prison releases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The political system is untethered from where the public is,” DeMaio said. “The only way politicians see the light is when they feel the heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Budget woes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fiscal advisers to the Legislature warned in November that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">California’s finances are precarious\u003c/a>: roughly balanced for now but barreling toward increasing deficits in the years ahead. Fear of losing federal funding under Trump, who has repeatedly threatened to withhold disaster aid from the state, is adding another layer of uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even as legislative leaders endorsed a cautious approach to the upcoming state budget, Newsom has \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/gavin-newsom-legislature-electric-vehicles/\">floated several new programs\u003c/a> with hefty price tags — from expanding the film and television production tax credit to reviving a rebate for electric vehicles. His full budget proposal is due by the end of this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers have yet to meet to discuss their priorities, so it’s unclear how much they will be at odds with the governor as they work to pass a spending plan by the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Jesse Gabriel, an Encino Democrat who leads the Assembly budget committee, said the Legislature will carefully vet Newsom’s proposals, but any new programs it approves will likely require spending cuts elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very clear-eyed about the fact that there’s potentially a lot of tough choices ahead,” Gabriel said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he expects the Legislature will lean more into its oversight role through the budget process this year to determine which programs are actually moving the needle and delivering results. “If they’re not working as intended, then they don’t deserve continued funding,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985621\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A white, middle-aged man in a suit and white shirt with no tie gestures to his right while speaking into a microphone outdoors.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks in Larkspur, Marin County, on April 16, 2024. California could soon deploy generative artificial intelligence tools to help reduce traffic jams, make roads safer and provide tax guidance, among other things, under new agreements announced on May 9, 2024, as part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s efforts to harness the power of new technologies for public services. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Tilting at tech giants\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California remains at the center of tech innovation — and is increasingly at the forefront of regulating it, too. That tension over how to rein in potential abuses of Silicon Valley without kneecapping an industry \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/10/ca-corporate-tax-revenue-surge/\">vital to the state’s economy\u003c/a> has become inescapable at the Capitol, especially with the rise of artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still want to be a leader in AI. We don’t want China to surpass us,” Gallagher said. “The trick is really finding the right balance. I think there’s going to be a lot of discussion on this front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers introduced a gusher of AI legislation last year, though major tech companies managed to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/09/california-artificial-intelligence-bill-veto/\">beat back the most ambitious proposal\u003c/a>, which would have required them to test their models for potential harms to society, by winning Newsom over to their side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expect the clashes to intensify this session as legislators seek to weigh in on everything from \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab33?_gl=1*8mk32m*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">autonomous vehicles\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb11?_gl=1*8mk32m*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">false impersonation assisted by AI\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media use among young people is another charged debate. A bill to hold platforms \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab2?_gl=1*8mk32m*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">liable for causing harm to children\u003c/a> is back after dying last year amid fierce industry opposition. With the backing of Attorney General Rob Bonta, lawmakers may also consider \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab56?_gl=1*8mk32m*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">creating mental health warning labels\u003c/a> for social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Return of reparations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The previous legislative session \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/08/california-reparations-bills-3/\">exploded into unexpected rancor\u003c/a> just before its conclusion last summer when key Black legislators tabled a pair of bills that would have established a new state agency to work on reparations for descendants of slaves, bitterly disappointing activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='california-legislature' label='More Legislature Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a dozen other reparations-related measures were signed into law, the disagreement about how far and how fast to push for a policy that does not enjoy broad public approval \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/09/california-reparations-whats-next/\">opened a schism in the movement\u003c/a> that could undermine its political momentum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers have introduced a handful of follow-up bills this session, including to \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab7?_gl=1*m7m0wc*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">establish admissions preferences\u003c/a> at California universities and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab57?_gl=1*m7m0wc*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">set aside money in a home purchase assistance program\u003c/a> for descendants of slaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Tina McKinnor, a Los Angeles Democrat, revived a proposal to provide compensation to people whose property was taken by the government through \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab62?_gl=1*2opvlq*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">racially motivated use of eminent domain\u003c/a>, a bill Newsom vetoed last year. She said reparations proponents must continue to take baby steps to build support for their ultimate goal of cash payments to descendants of slaves, which she expected would take five to 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As leaders, we have to do things sometimes that are unpopular,” McKinnor said in an interview. “I know last year, it ended in a bang. That’s not going to stop the Black Caucus from our plans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Lawmakers return to the Capitol today to tackle lowering the cost of living, addressing a second Trump presidency, trimming state spending, harnessing tech, and reparations.",
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"title": "5 Big Priorities California Lawmakers Aim to Tackle in 2025 | KQED",
"description": "Lawmakers return to the Capitol today to tackle lowering the cost of living, addressing a second Trump presidency, trimming state spending, harnessing tech, and reparations.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the election and the holidays behind them, the California Legislature returns to Sacramento today to kick off a new session in earnest. It will be several more months before the political wrangling over the state budget and thousands of proposed bills truly ramps up, but priorities are emerging as lawmakers try to stake their claim on the hottest issues of the day. Here are some stories to watch at the Capitol in 2025:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tackling affordability\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After a disappointing election for Democrats, legislative leaders reemerged with a message aimed at easing voters’ anxieties about how expensive California is. Senate President Pro Tem Mike McGuire, a Healdsburg Democrat, and Assembly Speaker Robert Rivas, a Salinas Democrat, both told CalMatters last month that their focus this session will be \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/12/california-legislature-rivas-mcguire-newsom/\">advancing policies that lower the cost of living for working Californians\u003c/a>, including by building more housing, making energy cheaper and improving public infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our only way forward is to acknowledge that we have to do better,” Rivas said. “It’s clear — we haven’t done enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their colleagues have responded so far with bills that would \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab6?_gl=1*itv6kb*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">ease construction standards\u003c/a> for small apartment buildings and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab30?_gl=1*itv6kb*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">increase the amount of ethanol\u003c/a> that can be blended with gasoline, an effort to reduce prices at the pump. Expect many more proposals as legislators finalize their agendas in the weeks ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats, who hold a three-quarters supermajority in both houses, face an arduous messaging war with the emboldened Republican minority, which flipped three seats in November. GOP lawmakers quickly introduced far-reaching measures — \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab23?_gl=1*87651r*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">ending gas and electricity taxes\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb2?_gl=1*87651r*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">voiding low-carbon fuel standards\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb17?_gl=1*87651r*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">exempting tipped wages from taxation\u003c/a> — that will almost certainly go nowhere but stand to make Democrats’ efforts look less consequential by comparison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would call it an invitation to the Democrats,” Assembly Republican Leader James Gallagher of Yuba City said in an interview. “In order to actually do something about affordability, they have to back away from the policies they’ve championed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Resistance 2.0\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While the response from California politicians to Donald Trump’s victory in the November presidential election has been far more subdued than it was eight years ago, they are still gearing up for a fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Days after Trump’s win, Democratic Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/gavin-newsom-special-session-trump-resistance/\">called for a special session\u003c/a> to set aside funding for the state to take his Republican administration to court. Democratic lawmakers plan to rush in the coming weeks to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520261AB1\">appropriate $25 million\u003c/a> for legal resources before Trump takes office on Jan. 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though some have warned against getting sidetracked by another showdown with the president, legislators are also already putting forward proposals to safeguard Californians against actions they anticipate Trump will take. These include bills to \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab54?_gl=1*mwy5ql*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">ensure access to medication abortion\u003c/a>, make contraceptives \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab50?_gl=1*10jpkwb*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">more readily available over the counter\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab45?_gl=1*10jpkwb*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">protect the privacy of patients\u003c/a> getting abortions in California, as well as to further limit \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab15?_gl=1*1ks1761*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">collaboration by state prisons\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb48?slug=CA_202520260SB48&_gl=1*1ks1761*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">school districts\u003c/a> with federal immigrant enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The United States of America is in the calm before the storm. The hurricane is about to hit,” McGuire told CalMatters last month. “And shame on us if we’re not battening down the hatches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even California shifted toward Trump in November: He \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/elections/2024/12/california-election-results-trump-vote-2024/\">gained vote share\u003c/a> in all but one county, albeit by only enough for him to reach 38% of the statewide vote. Newly elected Assemblymember Carl DeMaio, a San Diego Republican, said in an interview that the GOP has an opportunity to capitalize on an overwhelming “appetite for change” among Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Democrats are “dividing and distracting” the public with their fight against Trump instead of “getting things done,” DeMaio said, he plans to use his popular conservative podcast as a daily platform to ramp up public pressure on the Legislature to shift course. He has introduced a 10-bill package challenging liberal orthodoxy on \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab18?_gl=1*1xiywcm*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">border security\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab25?_gl=1*1xiywcm*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">voter identification requirements\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab21?_gl=1*1xiywcm*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">tax increases\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab22?_gl=1*1xiywcm*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">early prison releases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The political system is untethered from where the public is,” DeMaio said. “The only way politicians see the light is when they feel the heat.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Budget woes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Fiscal advisers to the Legislature warned in November that \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">California’s finances are precarious\u003c/a>: roughly balanced for now but barreling toward increasing deficits in the years ahead. Fear of losing federal funding under Trump, who has repeatedly threatened to withhold disaster aid from the state, is adding another layer of uncertainty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet even as legislative leaders endorsed a cautious approach to the upcoming state budget, Newsom has \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/newsletter/gavin-newsom-legislature-electric-vehicles/\">floated several new programs\u003c/a> with hefty price tags — from expanding the film and television production tax credit to reviving a rebate for electric vehicles. His full budget proposal is due by the end of this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers have yet to meet to discuss their priorities, so it’s unclear how much they will be at odds with the governor as they work to pass a spending plan by the end of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Jesse Gabriel, an Encino Democrat who leads the Assembly budget committee, said the Legislature will carefully vet Newsom’s proposals, but any new programs it approves will likely require spending cuts elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re very clear-eyed about the fact that there’s potentially a lot of tough choices ahead,” Gabriel said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he expects the Legislature will lean more into its oversight role through the budget process this year to determine which programs are actually moving the needle and delivering results. “If they’re not working as intended, then they don’t deserve continued funding,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985621\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985621\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A white, middle-aged man in a suit and white shirt with no tie gestures to his right while speaking into a microphone outdoors.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/AP24130599594139-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Gov. Gavin Newsom speaks in Larkspur, Marin County, on April 16, 2024. California could soon deploy generative artificial intelligence tools to help reduce traffic jams, make roads safer and provide tax guidance, among other things, under new agreements announced on May 9, 2024, as part of Gov. Gavin Newsom’s efforts to harness the power of new technologies for public services. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Tilting at tech giants\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California remains at the center of tech innovation — and is increasingly at the forefront of regulating it, too. That tension over how to rein in potential abuses of Silicon Valley without kneecapping an industry \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/technology/2024/10/ca-corporate-tax-revenue-surge/\">vital to the state’s economy\u003c/a> has become inescapable at the Capitol, especially with the rise of artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still want to be a leader in AI. We don’t want China to surpass us,” Gallagher said. “The trick is really finding the right balance. I think there’s going to be a lot of discussion on this front.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers introduced a gusher of AI legislation last year, though major tech companies managed to \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2024/09/california-artificial-intelligence-bill-veto/\">beat back the most ambitious proposal\u003c/a>, which would have required them to test their models for potential harms to society, by winning Newsom over to their side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expect the clashes to intensify this session as legislators seek to weigh in on everything from \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab33?_gl=1*8mk32m*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">autonomous vehicles\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb11?_gl=1*8mk32m*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">false impersonation assisted by AI\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media use among young people is another charged debate. A bill to hold platforms \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab2?_gl=1*8mk32m*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">liable for causing harm to children\u003c/a> is back after dying last year amid fierce industry opposition. With the backing of Attorney General Rob Bonta, lawmakers may also consider \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab56?_gl=1*8mk32m*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">creating mental health warning labels\u003c/a> for social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Return of reparations\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The previous legislative session \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/08/california-reparations-bills-3/\">exploded into unexpected rancor\u003c/a> just before its conclusion last summer when key Black legislators tabled a pair of bills that would have established a new state agency to work on reparations for descendants of slaves, bitterly disappointing activists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though a dozen other reparations-related measures were signed into law, the disagreement about how far and how fast to push for a policy that does not enjoy broad public approval \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/09/california-reparations-whats-next/\">opened a schism in the movement\u003c/a> that could undermine its political momentum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers have introduced a handful of follow-up bills this session, including to \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab7?_gl=1*m7m0wc*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">establish admissions preferences\u003c/a> at California universities and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab57?_gl=1*m7m0wc*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">set aside money in a home purchase assistance program\u003c/a> for descendants of slaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblymember Tina McKinnor, a Los Angeles Democrat, revived a proposal to provide compensation to people whose property was taken by the government through \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab62?_gl=1*2opvlq*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMyNjEuNTkuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNjE4OTA2NC4zNy4xLjE3MzYxOTMxNDAuMC4wLjA.\">racially motivated use of eminent domain\u003c/a>, a bill Newsom vetoed last year. She said reparations proponents must continue to take baby steps to build support for their ultimate goal of cash payments to descendants of slaves, which she expected would take five to 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As leaders, we have to do things sometimes that are unpopular,” McKinnor said in an interview. “I know last year, it ended in a bang. That’s not going to stop the Black Caucus from our plans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "why-this-jan-6-is-expected-to-be-boring-and-bureaucratic-as-it-was-intended",
"title": "Why This Jan. 6 Is Expected to Be Boring and Bureaucratic, as It Was Intended",
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"headTitle": "Why This Jan. 6 Is Expected to Be Boring and Bureaucratic, as It Was Intended | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The biggest difference between Jan. 6, 2025, and Jan. 6, 2021, will be obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of falsely claiming he won the election in a speech two miles from the U.S. Capitol, stoking a mob of his supporters to violently disrupt the counting of electoral votes, Donald Trump will be certified the winner by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change has radically impacted all aspects of the post-election period. Election officials say their offices \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/13/1212604201/politics-what-is-next-for-the-election-denial-movement\">aren’t getting the same nasty phone calls\u003c/a>. Surveys find that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/06/nx-s1-5217819/republican-election-confidence-trump-pew-poll\">majority of Americans trust the results\u003c/a>. But there may be no greater contrast this cycle than during the proceedings on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“January 6th is the date, if there is one date, at which we witness the peaceful transfer of power in the United States,” said Rick Pildes, an election law expert at New York University. “In many ways, it is the most important moment of democracy. … And of course, this Jan. 6, in the background, will be the resonances of what happened in [the wake of the] 2020 [election].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, experts expect the certification at the Capitol to return to what it looked like before 2020: a simple bureaucratic step that makes a result that Americans have long known official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there will be subtle ways this year’s proceedings will be different, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the chaos four years ago, Congress \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/22/1139951463/electoral-count-act-reform-passes\">passed new rules\u003c/a> to govern and clarify the presidential certification process. After the last election, Trump’s legal team had attempted to exploit the previous framework, which legal experts had widely considered to be full of ambiguities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very badly drafted,” said Pildes, who was one of the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/RickPildes/status/1869042594849976363\">key legal voices\u003c/a> advising a bipartisan group of lawmakers as they crafted the update, known as the Electoral Count Reform Act (ECRA). “The one thing you want in a legal framework for resolving a disputed election — and this is true of any election, but especially the presidential election — you want a clear legal framework that’s established in advance so that it can’t be manipulated for partisan purposes at the moment of crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first presidential election to be certified under the new law, which also \u003ca href=\"https://campaignlegal.org/document/electoral-count-reform-act-implementation\">clarified\u003c/a> how states \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/17/nx-s1-5225588/trump-electoral-college-vote-nevada-fake-electors-michigan\">finalized their results\u003c/a> in December. Here are some of the key changes that will affect Monday’s proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Objections need merit — and more support\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Previously, it took just a single member of the House and one from the Senate to sign off on an electoral objection to send the issue to a potentially days-long debate period with no clear resolution if the two chambers then disagreed with each other on their respective votes on the objection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The previous law also wasn’t clear about what sort of questions could motivate a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ECRA, however, significantly raises the bar on objections to election results (which have already been certified by each individual state). Now, an objection is only valid if it is signed by one-fifth of each chamber of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the law significantly narrows the reasons a lawmaker may object to results, essentially making clear that partisan differences over election policies in a certain state aren’t a valid reason to object to the state’s results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[aside tag='politics' label='More Politics Coverage']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before 2020, which saw \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/insurrection-at-the-capitol/2021/01/07/954380156/here-are-the-republicans-who-objected-to-the-electoral-college-count\">more than 100 Republican\u003c/a> members of the House and Senate object to the results in response to Trump’s false claims, objections had started to become \u003ca href=\"https://www.news-leader.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/05/past-objections-electoral-college-vote-counts-president-trump-josh-hawley/4129641001/\">more common\u003c/a> as the electoral processes in 2000, 2004 and 2016 all involved some element of controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress had started sort of sliding into this practice of having at least some members object to receiving votes from a state because of their disagreements with how the voting process had played out in those states,” Pildes said. “The [ECRA] is designed to put that genie back in the bottle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pildes added that he thinks the violence last election cycle will also make members of Congress more hesitant to object to results for purely political reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Jamie Raskin, a Trump foil who served on the Jan. 6 investigative select committee, told NPR he’s proud that Democrats have accepted the 2024 election results, even if certifying Trump as a victor after all his election lies has created “a very frustrating situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we can feel proud of the fact that despite our profound disappointment and frustration about what happened in the 2024 presidential election, we’re standing by the results,” Raskin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ECRA also clarified that for an objection to be sustained, it requires a majority vote in both the House and the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A clearer role for Harris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Four years ago, chants of “Hang Mike Pence!” \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/25/trump-expressed-support-hanging-pence-capitol-riot-jan-6-00035117\">rang out\u003c/a> in the Capitol, as then-President Trump told his supporters that the vice president had the power to overturn the will of the voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, legal experts said that wasn’t true, that the vice president’s role in certification, even according to the original Electoral Count Act, was purely ministerial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new ECRA clarified that point even further, saying explicitly that the vice president “shall be limited to performing solely ministerial duties” and that the VP has “no power to solely determine, accept, reject, or otherwise adjudicate or resolve disputes over the proper certificate of ascertainment of appointment of electors, the validity of electors, or the votes of electors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vice president’s role in the process will still present an extraordinary moment, as Kamala Harris will oversee the certification of the election in favor of her opponent in the race (as Al Gore did in 2001).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Special Security Event’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12020392\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final change doesn’t have to do with the ECRA but will still be felt throughout the day at the Capitol: heightened security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/blog/our-work-january-6th-attack\">across the U.S. government\u003c/a> have admitted that security on the day of the Capitol riot was not commensurate with the risk of a mass violence event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will not be the case this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the Department of Homeland Security announced that the counting of electoral votes on Jan. 6 would be designated a “National Special Security Event,” putting it on par with a presidential inauguration and freeing up more federal resources for security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Capitol Police have been carrying out drills with officers from 16 different agencies ahead of Jan. 6, according to \u003ca href=\"https://wjla.com/news/local/january-6-election-certification-united-states-capitol-police-security-preparations-fencing-rapid-response-teams-capitol-riot-washington-dc-public-safety-road-closures-metro-dmv\">WJLA in Washington\u003c/a>, and temporary fencing has also gone up around the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Unlike Jan. 6, 2021, there are no expectations that people opposed to the outcome of the 2024 election will attempt to overthrow the results of a free and fair election. ",
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"title": "Why This Jan. 6 Is Expected to Be Boring and Bureaucratic, as It Was Intended | KQED",
"description": "Unlike Jan. 6, 2021, there are no expectations that people opposed to the outcome of the 2024 election will attempt to overthrow the results of a free and fair election. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The biggest difference between Jan. 6, 2025, and Jan. 6, 2021, will be obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of falsely claiming he won the election in a speech two miles from the U.S. Capitol, stoking a mob of his supporters to violently disrupt the counting of electoral votes, Donald Trump will be certified the winner by Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change has radically impacted all aspects of the post-election period. Election officials say their offices \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/13/1212604201/politics-what-is-next-for-the-election-denial-movement\">aren’t getting the same nasty phone calls\u003c/a>. Surveys find that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/06/nx-s1-5217819/republican-election-confidence-trump-pew-poll\">majority of Americans trust the results\u003c/a>. But there may be no greater contrast this cycle than during the proceedings on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“January 6th is the date, if there is one date, at which we witness the peaceful transfer of power in the United States,” said Rick Pildes, an election law expert at New York University. “In many ways, it is the most important moment of democracy. … And of course, this Jan. 6, in the background, will be the resonances of what happened in [the wake of the] 2020 [election].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, experts expect the certification at the Capitol to return to what it looked like before 2020: a simple bureaucratic step that makes a result that Americans have long known official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there will be subtle ways this year’s proceedings will be different, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the chaos four years ago, Congress \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/12/22/1139951463/electoral-count-act-reform-passes\">passed new rules\u003c/a> to govern and clarify the presidential certification process. After the last election, Trump’s legal team had attempted to exploit the previous framework, which legal experts had widely considered to be full of ambiguities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was very badly drafted,” said Pildes, who was one of the \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/RickPildes/status/1869042594849976363\">key legal voices\u003c/a> advising a bipartisan group of lawmakers as they crafted the update, known as the Electoral Count Reform Act (ECRA). “The one thing you want in a legal framework for resolving a disputed election — and this is true of any election, but especially the presidential election — you want a clear legal framework that’s established in advance so that it can’t be manipulated for partisan purposes at the moment of crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the first presidential election to be certified under the new law, which also \u003ca href=\"https://campaignlegal.org/document/electoral-count-reform-act-implementation\">clarified\u003c/a> how states \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/17/nx-s1-5225588/trump-electoral-college-vote-nevada-fake-electors-michigan\">finalized their results\u003c/a> in December. Here are some of the key changes that will affect Monday’s proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Objections need merit — and more support\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Previously, it took just a single member of the House and one from the Senate to sign off on an electoral objection to send the issue to a potentially days-long debate period with no clear resolution if the two chambers then disagreed with each other on their respective votes on the objection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The previous law also wasn’t clear about what sort of questions could motivate a challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ECRA, however, significantly raises the bar on objections to election results (which have already been certified by each individual state). Now, an objection is only valid if it is signed by one-fifth of each chamber of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the law significantly narrows the reasons a lawmaker may object to results, essentially making clear that partisan differences over election policies in a certain state aren’t a valid reason to object to the state’s results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before 2020, which saw \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/insurrection-at-the-capitol/2021/01/07/954380156/here-are-the-republicans-who-objected-to-the-electoral-college-count\">more than 100 Republican\u003c/a> members of the House and Senate object to the results in response to Trump’s false claims, objections had started to become \u003ca href=\"https://www.news-leader.com/story/news/politics/2021/01/05/past-objections-electoral-college-vote-counts-president-trump-josh-hawley/4129641001/\">more common\u003c/a> as the electoral processes in 2000, 2004 and 2016 all involved some element of controversy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress had started sort of sliding into this practice of having at least some members object to receiving votes from a state because of their disagreements with how the voting process had played out in those states,” Pildes said. “The [ECRA] is designed to put that genie back in the bottle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pildes added that he thinks the violence last election cycle will also make members of Congress more hesitant to object to results for purely political reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Rep. Jamie Raskin, a Trump foil who served on the Jan. 6 investigative select committee, told NPR he’s proud that Democrats have accepted the 2024 election results, even if certifying Trump as a victor after all his election lies has created “a very frustrating situation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that we can feel proud of the fact that despite our profound disappointment and frustration about what happened in the 2024 presidential election, we’re standing by the results,” Raskin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ECRA also clarified that for an objection to be sustained, it requires a majority vote in both the House and the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A clearer role for Harris\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Four years ago, chants of “Hang Mike Pence!” \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/news/2022/05/25/trump-expressed-support-hanging-pence-capitol-riot-jan-6-00035117\">rang out\u003c/a> in the Capitol, as then-President Trump told his supporters that the vice president had the power to overturn the will of the voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, legal experts said that wasn’t true, that the vice president’s role in certification, even according to the original Electoral Count Act, was purely ministerial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new ECRA clarified that point even further, saying explicitly that the vice president “shall be limited to performing solely ministerial duties” and that the VP has “no power to solely determine, accept, reject, or otherwise adjudicate or resolve disputes over the proper certificate of ascertainment of appointment of electors, the validity of electors, or the votes of electors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vice president’s role in the process will still present an extraordinary moment, as Kamala Harris will oversee the certification of the election in favor of her opponent in the race (as Al Gore did in 2001).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘Special Security Event’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12020392\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/USCapital250106-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final change doesn’t have to do with the ECRA but will still be felt throughout the day at the Capitol: heightened security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials \u003ca href=\"https://www.gao.gov/blog/our-work-january-6th-attack\">across the U.S. government\u003c/a> have admitted that security on the day of the Capitol riot was not commensurate with the risk of a mass violence event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will not be the case this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, the Department of Homeland Security announced that the counting of electoral votes on Jan. 6 would be designated a “National Special Security Event,” putting it on par with a presidential inauguration and freeing up more federal resources for security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Capitol Police have been carrying out drills with officers from 16 different agencies ahead of Jan. 6, according to \u003ca href=\"https://wjla.com/news/local/january-6-election-certification-united-states-capitol-police-security-preparations-fencing-rapid-response-teams-capitol-riot-washington-dc-public-safety-road-closures-metro-dmv\">WJLA in Washington\u003c/a>, and temporary fencing has also gone up around the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "can-california-keep-ice-away-from-schools-lawmakers-want-to-try-as-crackdowns-loom",
"title": "Can California Keep ICE Away From Schools? Lawmakers Want to Try as Crackdowns Loom",
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"headTitle": "Can California Keep ICE Away From Schools? Lawmakers Want to Try as Crackdowns Loom | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>California lawmakers are proposing steps to protect K–12 students and families from mass deportations — although the real value of those proposals may be symbolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of bills in the Legislature — \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab49?slug=CA_202520260AB49&_gl=1*11t00sp*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuNjAuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.\">AB 49\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb48?slug=CA_202520260SB48&_gl=1*11t00sp*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuNjAuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.\">SB 48\u003c/a> — aim to keep federal agents from detaining undocumented students or their families on or near school property without a warrant. The bills are a response to President-elect Donald Trump’s threat to deport undocumented immigrants, a move that could have major consequences for schools in California, which funds its schools based on attendance and where \u003ca href=\"https://www.fwd.us/news/k-12-undocumented-students/\">12% of students\u003c/a> have at least one undocumented parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bills would make it harder and more time-consuming for agents to enter schools or day care centers. But they can only delay, not stop, arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In no way can these bills override federal law,” said Kevin Johnson, a law professor at UC Davis. “But the bills respond to a great concern in the community that it’s not safe to take your children to school. … I can’t emphasize enough how important this is, how vulnerable undocumented immigrants feel right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 49, proposed by Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi, a Democrat from Torrance, would require immigration agents to obtain written permission from the superintendent before coming onto school property. It also bars agents from being in rooms where children are present. SB 48, introduced by Sen. Lena Gonzalez, a Democrat from Long Beach, would prohibit local police from cooperating with federal agents — such as assisting in arrests or providing information about families’ immigration status — within one mile of a school. It also bars schools from sharing student and family information with federal authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts have also doubled down on their efforts to protect students and families. Los Angeles Unified has partnered with legal aid organizations to assist families and instructed schools not to ask students about their immigration status. San Francisco Unified \u003ca href=\"https://go.boarddocs.com/ca/sfusd/Board.nsf/goto?open&id=D2NW4T83765C\">has similar policies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(San Francisco Unified) is a safe haven for all students regardless of citizenship status,” Superintendent Maria Su wrote to the community after the November election. “SFUSD restates our position that all students have the right to attend school regardless of their immigration status or that of their family members.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools as safe havens\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Schools have long been safe havens for immigrant students. Under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-1538\">1982 Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a>, public schools must enroll all students regardless of their immigration status and can’t charge tuition to students who aren’t legal residents. And since 2011, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/ero-outreach/pdf/10029.2-policy.pdf\">federal guidelines\u003c/a> discourage agents from making immigration arrests at schools, hospitals, churches, courthouses and other “sensitive locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump said he plans to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/trump-scrap-restriction-ice-arrests-churches-schools-rcna183688\">eliminate the “sensitive locations”\u003c/a> guidelines, and the Heritage Foundation, which published the right-leaning Project 2025 manifesto, is encouraging states to \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/education/report/the-consequences-unchecked-illegal-immigration-americas-public-schools\">charge tuition to undocumented K–12 students\u003c/a>. That could set up the possible overturn of the Supreme Court decision guaranteeing access to school for undocumented students. The foundation’s rationale is that government agencies such as schools are already overburdened and need to prioritize services for U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (Biden) administration’s new version of America is nothing more than an open-border welfare state,” Lora Ries, director of the Heritage Foundation’s Border Security and Immigration Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/press/heritage-releases-more-50-immigration-policies-and-principles-overhaul-us-immigration-system\">wrote\u003c/a>. “No country can sustain or survive such a vision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muratsuchi, chair of the Assembly Education Committee, said he was inspired to author AB 49 just after the election when he listened to the concerns of immigrant students in the political science class he teaches at El Camino Community College in Torrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It became clear there was more and more fear among my students, not only for themselves but for their families. The fear of families being torn apart is very real,” Muratuschi said. “We want to send a strong message to our immigrant students that we’re going to do everything we can to protect them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11958277\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"People fill a plaza holding signs in front of a large ornate building.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1020x712.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1536x1073.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1920x1341.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mercedes and Adan Meneses hold signs at a rally held by immigrant and union groups march to mark May Day and protest against President Donald Trump’s efforts to boost deportations at the San Francisco City Hall on May 1, 2017. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Too scared to speak up’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For most undocumented families, deportation would mean a plunging into poverty and, in many cases, violence. Nahomi, a high school senior in Fresno County whom CalMatters is identifying by her middle name because of her immigration status, described the threat of deportation as “a major worry for my family and I. Our lives could change completely in a blink of an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nahomi and her parents arrived in California in 2011 from the city of Culiacan in Sinaloa, Mexico, an area plagued by \u003ca href=\"https://mx.usembassy.gov/security-alert-ongoing-violence-and-security-concerns-in-culiacan-and-mazatlan-sinaloa-mexico/#:~:text=Culiacan%2C%20the%20Mazatlan%2DCuliacan%20highway,and%20operating%20in%20Sinaloa%20state.\">widespread violence\u003c/a>. They initially planned to stay until Sinaloa became safer, but once they settled in the Central Valley, they decided the risks of returning outweighed the risk of deportation, so they stayed. Nahomi’s father works in construction, and her mother is a homemaker, raising Nahomi and her younger sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she and her family fear deportation, Nahomi is not afraid to attend school. She said schools can help families know their rights and help children feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel very welcomed and safe there,” she said. “It is a very diverse high school, and I just feel like any other student. … (But) a lot of these families are probably too scared to speak up about doubts they might have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Politically unpopular?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Patricia Gándara, an education professor and co-director of the Civil Rights Project at UCLA, said the risk of federal agents arresting students at schools is probably small. It’s unclear how many children in K–12 schools are undocumented, but it’s probably a relatively small number, she said. In any case, immigration enforcement that affects children almost always sparks public outcry from both parties, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='immigration' label='More Immigration News']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people might say they’re anti-immigrant, but it’s another thing entirely when the family up the street, whom they’ve known for 20 years, suddenly gets deported, or your kid’s best friend gets deported,” said Gandara, who’s studied the topic extensively. “It’s politically very unpopular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the proposed bills could send a powerful message that schools are safe places, she said. Immigration crackdowns can have a \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/policy-brief/how-strict-immigration-enforcement-harms-schoolchildren\">significant impact on student attendance\u003c/a>, a Stanford study found, which can lead to less funding for schools, particularly low-income schools that enroll large numbers of immigrant children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration crackdowns can also lead to an increase in bullying, anxiety and general uncertainty on campus, not just for immigrant children but for everyone, Gándara said. Teachers, in particular, experience high levels of stress when their students’ safety is endangered, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can’t rely solely on state laws to protect immigrant families, though, she added. They should partner with local nonprofits to provide legal services and other support to families who need assistance, Gándara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools are one of the last places immigrant families feel safe,” she said. “But as soon as (federal agents) move into schools, they’re not so safe any more. These bills say, ‘We’re not going to sit back and let this happen. Not all of government is against you.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California ‘one of the best places to be’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Both bills are awaiting hearings in the Legislature. Tammy Lin, supervising attorney with the University of San Diego Immigration Clinic, expects California to continue to take steps to protect undocumented families, but political conflicts will be inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming Trump administration is likely to battle California and other left-leaning states over immigration matters. Even within California, conflicts are likely to erupt between state leaders and those in more conservative regions or even between agencies in the same area. In San Diego County, for example, the Board of Supervisors ordered the sheriff’s office not to notify federal immigration officers when it releases suspected undocumented inmates from jail, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-12-18/san-diego-sheriff-and-county-spar-over-immigration\">sheriff refused to comply\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin also said she wouldn’t be surprised if there’s an attempt to overturn the Supreme Court ruling guaranteeing education to undocumented children, potentially paving the way for other immigrants’ rights to be reversed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a slippery slope,” Lin said. “Immigrants know this, which is why there’s immense fear and uncertainty right now. But bills like these show that California is still one of the best places you can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Suriyah Jones, a member of the CalMatters Youth Journalism Initiative, contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California lawmakers are proposing steps to protect K–12 students and families from mass deportations — although the real value of those proposals may be symbolic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A pair of bills in the Legislature — \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260ab49?slug=CA_202520260AB49&_gl=1*11t00sp*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuNjAuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.\">AB 49\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202520260sb48?slug=CA_202520260SB48&_gl=1*11t00sp*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuNjAuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTk0MDA1NS4zNi4xLjE3MzU5NDAxOTkuMC4wLjA.\">SB 48\u003c/a> — aim to keep federal agents from detaining undocumented students or their families on or near school property without a warrant. The bills are a response to President-elect Donald Trump’s threat to deport undocumented immigrants, a move that could have major consequences for schools in California, which funds its schools based on attendance and where \u003ca href=\"https://www.fwd.us/news/k-12-undocumented-students/\">12% of students\u003c/a> have at least one undocumented parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both bills would make it harder and more time-consuming for agents to enter schools or day care centers. But they can only delay, not stop, arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In no way can these bills override federal law,” said Kevin Johnson, a law professor at UC Davis. “But the bills respond to a great concern in the community that it’s not safe to take your children to school. … I can’t emphasize enough how important this is, how vulnerable undocumented immigrants feel right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 49, proposed by Assemblymember Al Muratsuchi, a Democrat from Torrance, would require immigration agents to obtain written permission from the superintendent before coming onto school property. It also bars agents from being in rooms where children are present. SB 48, introduced by Sen. Lena Gonzalez, a Democrat from Long Beach, would prohibit local police from cooperating with federal agents — such as assisting in arrests or providing information about families’ immigration status — within one mile of a school. It also bars schools from sharing student and family information with federal authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School districts have also doubled down on their efforts to protect students and families. Los Angeles Unified has partnered with legal aid organizations to assist families and instructed schools not to ask students about their immigration status. San Francisco Unified \u003ca href=\"https://go.boarddocs.com/ca/sfusd/Board.nsf/goto?open&id=D2NW4T83765C\">has similar policies\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“(San Francisco Unified) is a safe haven for all students regardless of citizenship status,” Superintendent Maria Su wrote to the community after the November election. “SFUSD restates our position that all students have the right to attend school regardless of their immigration status or that of their family members.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Schools as safe havens\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Schools have long been safe havens for immigrant students. Under a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oyez.org/cases/1981/80-1538\">1982 Supreme Court ruling\u003c/a>, public schools must enroll all students regardless of their immigration status and can’t charge tuition to students who aren’t legal residents. And since 2011, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/ero-outreach/pdf/10029.2-policy.pdf\">federal guidelines\u003c/a> discourage agents from making immigration arrests at schools, hospitals, churches, courthouses and other “sensitive locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump said he plans to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/investigations/trump-scrap-restriction-ice-arrests-churches-schools-rcna183688\">eliminate the “sensitive locations”\u003c/a> guidelines, and the Heritage Foundation, which published the right-leaning Project 2025 manifesto, is encouraging states to \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/education/report/the-consequences-unchecked-illegal-immigration-americas-public-schools\">charge tuition to undocumented K–12 students\u003c/a>. That could set up the possible overturn of the Supreme Court decision guaranteeing access to school for undocumented students. The foundation’s rationale is that government agencies such as schools are already overburdened and need to prioritize services for U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (Biden) administration’s new version of America is nothing more than an open-border welfare state,” Lora Ries, director of the Heritage Foundation’s Border Security and Immigration Center, \u003ca href=\"https://www.heritage.org/press/heritage-releases-more-50-immigration-policies-and-principles-overhaul-us-immigration-system\">wrote\u003c/a>. “No country can sustain or survive such a vision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muratsuchi, chair of the Assembly Education Committee, said he was inspired to author AB 49 just after the election when he listened to the concerns of immigrant students in the political science class he teaches at El Camino Community College in Torrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It became clear there was more and more fear among my students, not only for themselves but for their families. The fear of families being torn apart is very real,” Muratuschi said. “We want to send a strong message to our immigrant students that we’re going to do everything we can to protect them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11958277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11958277\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"People fill a plaza holding signs in front of a large ornate building.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-800x559.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1020x712.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1536x1073.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/08/230815-IMMIGRATION-RALLY-AP-JC-KQED-1920x1341.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mercedes and Adan Meneses hold signs at a rally held by immigrant and union groups march to mark May Day and protest against President Donald Trump’s efforts to boost deportations at the San Francisco City Hall on May 1, 2017. \u003ccite>(Jeff Chiu/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>‘Too scared to speak up’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For most undocumented families, deportation would mean a plunging into poverty and, in many cases, violence. Nahomi, a high school senior in Fresno County whom CalMatters is identifying by her middle name because of her immigration status, described the threat of deportation as “a major worry for my family and I. Our lives could change completely in a blink of an eye.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nahomi and her parents arrived in California in 2011 from the city of Culiacan in Sinaloa, Mexico, an area plagued by \u003ca href=\"https://mx.usembassy.gov/security-alert-ongoing-violence-and-security-concerns-in-culiacan-and-mazatlan-sinaloa-mexico/#:~:text=Culiacan%2C%20the%20Mazatlan%2DCuliacan%20highway,and%20operating%20in%20Sinaloa%20state.\">widespread violence\u003c/a>. They initially planned to stay until Sinaloa became safer, but once they settled in the Central Valley, they decided the risks of returning outweighed the risk of deportation, so they stayed. Nahomi’s father works in construction, and her mother is a homemaker, raising Nahomi and her younger sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she and her family fear deportation, Nahomi is not afraid to attend school. She said schools can help families know their rights and help children feel safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel very welcomed and safe there,” she said. “It is a very diverse high school, and I just feel like any other student. … (But) a lot of these families are probably too scared to speak up about doubts they might have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Politically unpopular?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Patricia Gándara, an education professor and co-director of the Civil Rights Project at UCLA, said the risk of federal agents arresting students at schools is probably small. It’s unclear how many children in K–12 schools are undocumented, but it’s probably a relatively small number, she said. In any case, immigration enforcement that affects children almost always sparks public outcry from both parties, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people might say they’re anti-immigrant, but it’s another thing entirely when the family up the street, whom they’ve known for 20 years, suddenly gets deported, or your kid’s best friend gets deported,” said Gandara, who’s studied the topic extensively. “It’s politically very unpopular.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the proposed bills could send a powerful message that schools are safe places, she said. Immigration crackdowns can have a \u003ca href=\"https://siepr.stanford.edu/publications/policy-brief/how-strict-immigration-enforcement-harms-schoolchildren\">significant impact on student attendance\u003c/a>, a Stanford study found, which can lead to less funding for schools, particularly low-income schools that enroll large numbers of immigrant children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration crackdowns can also lead to an increase in bullying, anxiety and general uncertainty on campus, not just for immigrant children but for everyone, Gándara said. Teachers, in particular, experience high levels of stress when their students’ safety is endangered, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools can’t rely solely on state laws to protect immigrant families, though, she added. They should partner with local nonprofits to provide legal services and other support to families who need assistance, Gándara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools are one of the last places immigrant families feel safe,” she said. “But as soon as (federal agents) move into schools, they’re not so safe any more. These bills say, ‘We’re not going to sit back and let this happen. Not all of government is against you.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California ‘one of the best places to be’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Both bills are awaiting hearings in the Legislature. Tammy Lin, supervising attorney with the University of San Diego Immigration Clinic, expects California to continue to take steps to protect undocumented families, but political conflicts will be inevitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming Trump administration is likely to battle California and other left-leaning states over immigration matters. Even within California, conflicts are likely to erupt between state leaders and those in more conservative regions or even between agencies in the same area. In San Diego County, for example, the Board of Supervisors ordered the sheriff’s office not to notify federal immigration officers when it releases suspected undocumented inmates from jail, but the \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-12-18/san-diego-sheriff-and-county-spar-over-immigration\">sheriff refused to comply\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lin also said she wouldn’t be surprised if there’s an attempt to overturn the Supreme Court ruling guaranteeing education to undocumented children, potentially paving the way for other immigrants’ rights to be reversed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a slippery slope,” Lin said. “Immigrants know this, which is why there’s immense fear and uncertainty right now. But bills like these show that California is still one of the best places you can be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Suriyah Jones, a member of the CalMatters Youth Journalism Initiative, contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Thursday, January 2, 2025…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/01/us/new-california-laws-2025.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">new laws\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> went into effect on January 1, dealing with everything from workplace issues to education.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The future of foreign labor in the tech sector could hinge on the outcome of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckg87n2ml11o\">a debate \u003c/a>now raging in the orbit of President-elect Donald Trump, over the H1-B, a temporary visa for skilled workers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>New Laws Go Into Effect This Week\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we ring in 2025, there are lots of new state laws that have just taken effect. Many will impact the workplace. As of January 1, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/minimum_wage.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the minimum wage\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for California workers is now $16.50 an hour. That’s a 50-cent increase that’s pegged to the Consumer Price Index. But keep in mind, some California cities already have higher minimum wages, as do some industries like fast food and healthcare. Another new workplace law, titled the California Worker Freedom from Employer Intimidation Act, prohibits bosses from requiring employees to attend meetings about politics or religion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another new workplace law, titled the California Worker Freedom from Employer Intimidation Act, prohibits bosses from requiring employees to attend meetings about politics or religion. “So let’s say you, as an employer, want to go and hold a meeting where you are going to be asserting your particular religious and political view. This protects employees against you essentially from doing that,” said employment law attorney Luna Hernandez. “And there are penalties of $500 per violation. The law also protects employees from having to hear the boss’ views on unions or union organizing efforts.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the education front, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/09/30/california-bans-legacy-and-donor-preferences-in-admissions-at-private-nonprofit-universities/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a new law\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> prohibits private colleges and universities in California that receive state funding, from considering a prospective student’s connection to alumni or donors in deciding whether that student gets in. And another prohibits teachers and school staff from disclosing information about students’ gender identity or sexual orientation without the students’ consent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"Page-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-maga-immigration-visas-musk-91ab17e141cc9764fb18b8bc862c84dc\">Trump Appears To Side With Musk, Tech Allies In Debate Over Foreign Workers \u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump appears to be siding with Elon Musk and his other backers in the tech industry \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-maga-immigration-visas-musk-40b78d2b413aa473e31ca063e4dd5fa8\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">as a dispute over immigration visas has divided his supporters.\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://nypost.com/2024/12/28/us-news/donald-trump-backs-h-1b-visa-program-supported-by-elon-musk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">in an interview with the New York Post\u003c/a>\u003c/span> on Saturday, praised the use of visas to bring skilled foreign workers to the U.S. The topic has become a flashpoint within his conservative base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always liked the visas, I have always been in favor of the visas. That’s why we have them,” Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Thursday, January 2, 2025…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Several \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2025/01/01/us/new-california-laws-2025.html\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">new laws\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> went into effect on January 1, dealing with everything from workplace issues to education.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The future of foreign labor in the tech sector could hinge on the outcome of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/ckg87n2ml11o\">a debate \u003c/a>now raging in the orbit of President-elect Donald Trump, over the H1-B, a temporary visa for skilled workers.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cb>New Laws Go Into Effect This Week\u003c/b>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">As we ring in 2025, there are lots of new state laws that have just taken effect. Many will impact the workplace. As of January 1, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.dir.ca.gov/dlse/minimum_wage.htm\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the minimum wage\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> for California workers is now $16.50 an hour. That’s a 50-cent increase that’s pegged to the Consumer Price Index. But keep in mind, some California cities already have higher minimum wages, as do some industries like fast food and healthcare. Another new workplace law, titled the California Worker Freedom from Employer Intimidation Act, prohibits bosses from requiring employees to attend meetings about politics or religion.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Another new workplace law, titled the California Worker Freedom from Employer Intimidation Act, prohibits bosses from requiring employees to attend meetings about politics or religion. “So let’s say you, as an employer, want to go and hold a meeting where you are going to be asserting your particular religious and political view. This protects employees against you essentially from doing that,” said employment law attorney Luna Hernandez. “And there are penalties of $500 per violation. The law also protects employees from having to hear the boss’ views on unions or union organizing efforts.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On the education front, \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/09/30/california-bans-legacy-and-donor-preferences-in-admissions-at-private-nonprofit-universities/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">a new law\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> prohibits private colleges and universities in California that receive state funding, from considering a prospective student’s connection to alumni or donors in deciding whether that student gets in. And another prohibits teachers and school staff from disclosing information about students’ gender identity or sexual orientation without the students’ consent.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"Page-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-maga-immigration-visas-musk-91ab17e141cc9764fb18b8bc862c84dc\">Trump Appears To Side With Musk, Tech Allies In Debate Over Foreign Workers \u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump appears to be siding with Elon Musk and his other backers in the tech industry \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://apnews.com/article/trump-maga-immigration-visas-musk-40b78d2b413aa473e31ca063e4dd5fa8\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">as a dispute over immigration visas has divided his supporters.\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, \u003cspan class=\"LinkEnhancement\">\u003ca class=\"Link AnClick-LinkEnhancement\" href=\"https://nypost.com/2024/12/28/us-news/donald-trump-backs-h-1b-visa-program-supported-by-elon-musk/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-gtm-enhancement-style=\"LinkEnhancementA\">in an interview with the New York Post\u003c/a>\u003c/span> on Saturday, praised the use of visas to bring skilled foreign workers to the U.S. The topic has become a flashpoint within his conservative base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve always liked the visas, I have always been in favor of the visas. That’s why we have them,” Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s southern border, long ‘ground zero’ in the fight between federal and local officials over immigration policy, is now at the center of renewed controversy over how far local leaders can go to protect people from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Diego County took steps earlier this month to strengthen safeguards for undocumented residents, an organization led by President-elect \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Donald Trump\u003c/a>’s adviser Stephen Miller sent a letter warning that elected leaders and employees of “sanctuary” jurisdictions could be “criminally liable” if they impede federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/AFL-Sanctuary-City-Letters-Vargas.pdf\">Dec. 23 letter (PDF)\u003c/a>, America First Legal Foundation wrote: “We have identified San Diego County as a sanctuary jurisdiction that is violating federal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative legal nonprofit that day announced that it had identified 249 \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/101224-Donald-Trump-Coachella-REUTERS-CM-01.jpg\">elected officials in sanctuary jurisdictions\u003c/a> who it said could face “legal consequences” over immigration policies. The California Attorney General’s office and Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass were sent similar letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter also suggests sanctuary city officials could be civilly liable under federal anti-racketeering laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump pledging to carry out the “largest mass deportation campaign in U.S. history,” San Diego’s board of supervisors enacted a policy on Dec. 12 prohibiting local law enforcement from communicating with immigration authorities about undocumented people in local jails without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego’s newly enacted ordinance goes a step further than California’s existing state “sanctuary” law, which only limits cooperation between local law enforcement and the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The law prevents jailers from notifying ICE about non-citizen inmates who are about to be released from local criminal custody unless they committed one of about 800 serious crimes. State prison officials regularly communicate with ICE about people in their custody, including U.S. citizens, public records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County’s action faced immediate pushback, with the county’s top law enforcement official, Sheriff Kelly Martinez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/border-immigration/2024/12/17/sheriff-refusal-to-further-limit-ice-cooperation-may-violate-state-law\">saying she would not \u003c/a>follow the new policy and would continue allowing immigration authorities access to the jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American First Legal Foundation sent its letter to the chair of San Diego County’s Board of Supervisors, Nora Vargas, who stepped down from her position on Friday citing security concerns just weeks after being elected to a second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal law is clear: aliens unlawfully present in the United States are subject to removal from the country, and it is a crime to conceal, harbor, or shield them. It is also a crime to prevent federal officials from enforcing immigration law,” states the letter, dated three days after the resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019934\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nora Vargas speaks onstage at Women’s March San Diego on Jan. 19, 2019. \u003ccite>(Daniel Knighton/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vargas, who was born in Tijuana, has long championed rights for asylum seekers and immigrants. She was the first immigrant and Latina to serve on San Diego’s board of supervisors. She was elected to the board in 2020, flipping the seat from Republican to Democrat for the first time in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vargas said the new board policy was developed through “rigorous legal review and stands in full compliance with federal, state and local laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This nation’s foundation was built on the strength and contributions of immigrants,” she posted on social media. “Now it’s time to turn our focus to honoring the humanity of those who help make this country the beacon of hope it continues to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokespersons for Trump’s transition team did not immediately respond to inquiries about whether the administration plans to prosecute local officials in sanctuary cities\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> Trump has named Miller to be his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/11/g-s1-33741/trump-stephen-miller-deputy-chief-of-staff-immigration-policy-deportations\">deputy chief of staff for policy\u003c/a> and homeland security advisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California preparing legal battles with Trump administration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State officials have asked the Legislature, in a special session called by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/gavin-newsom-special-session-trump-resistance/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom last month\u003c/a>, for $25 million for legal fights with the incoming administration on issues including immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a scare tactic, plain and simple,” read a statement from the Attorney General Rob Bonta’s office, in response to the America First letter. “While we are unable to comment on the specifics of the letter, we want to be clear: SB 54 was upheld by the courts during the first Trump administration, and it prevents the use of state and local resources for federal immigration enforcement with certain narrow exceptions. SB 54 does nothing, however, to block federal agencies from conducting immigration enforcement themselves. California will continue to comply with all applicable state and federal laws, and we expect all local law enforcement agencies to do the same.”[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12016037,news_12014436,news_12015773\"]Democratic state Senate leader Mike McGuire, of Healdsburg, in response to the letters called the incoming administration’s proposed immigration policies “draconian” and damaging to California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The previous Trump administration came at California before on a variety of legal fronts and the majority of the time, lost,” said McGuire, whose office did not receive a letter. “Mark my word, we’ll be prepared again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is home to several major cities with policies limiting cooperation between local police and federal immigration authorities. Proponents say such policies make immigrants less fearful of deportation when reporting crimes to or cooperating with the police. Los Angeles adopted a sanctuary city ordinance in November, fast-tracking the policy after Trump’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment on the America First letter, Zach Seidl, a spokesperson for Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass, called it “wrong on public safety and wrong on the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sanctuary policies are against the law, make a mockery of America’s democratic principles, and demonstrate a shocking disrespect for our Constitution and our citizens. The officials in charge of sanctuary jurisdictions have no excuse and must be held accountable,” read a statement from James Rogers, a senior counsel with America First Legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump targeted California sanctuary cities before\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s own \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2017/12/californias-new-sanctuary-law-will-aid-immigrants-not/\">sanctuary law\u003c/a>, signed by then-Gov. Jerry Brown in 2017, curbs local sheriffs’ transfers of detainees to federal immigration custody and also prohibits police from asking people about their immigration status. That law, Senate Bill 54, contains an exception for state prisons, which regularly transfer ex-inmates who have completed their sentences to Immigration and Customs Enforcement for deportation proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump advisers, including Miller, have been considering using federal pressure, such as withholding federal funds, against jurisdictions that won’t cooperate with federal immigration authorities. The last Trump administration tried to get the California sanctuary law overturned in federal court, but the Supreme Court in 2020 declined to hear its petition. And in 2018, Trump’s Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/us/politics/justice-department-sanctuary-cities-criminal-charges-elected-offiicals.html\">floated criminal charges\u003c/a> against politicians of cities that enact sanctuary policies. It did not file charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So-called ‘sanctuary’ jurisdictions that forbid compliance with federal immigration law and cooperation with the officials who enforce it are, therefore, breaking the law. Moreover, sanctuary jurisdictions are strictly prohibited from requiring their employees to violate federal immigration law,” the America First letter states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019935\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants arrive at the Iris Avenue Transit Center after being dropped off by Border Patrol agents in San Diego on Feb. 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ahilan Arulanantham, co-director of the Center for Immigration Law and Policy at the UCLA School of Law, said the letter’s reasoning that sanctuary policies amount to “harboring” or concealing federal fugitives is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not inquiring about someone’s status is not harboring. Neither is declining to share such information,” Arulanantham said in a text message Friday. “I’m not aware of any criminal protections based on such conduct, and the letter fails to cite any.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To carry out his plan to deport more people than any other president, Trump will need the cooperation of local officials. Immigrant Legal Resource Center, a national nonprofit that provides legal training and does pro-immigrant policy work in California and Texas, estimates 70 to 75% of ICE arrests in the interior of the U.S. are handoffs from another law enforcement agency, such as local jails or state or federal prisons. Since 2019, California’s state prison system has delivered more than 5,700 formerly incarcerated immigrants to ICE, federal data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego was the epicenter of a surge of unauthorized crossings earlier this year, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/02/california-border-migrants/\">straining local resources\u003c/a>. In April, 37,370 people crossed between ports of entry in the San Diego sector, with the majority surrendering to Border Patrol to claim asylum. This made it the top spot for crossings in the country for a few weeks in 2024, according to federal data. The number of unauthorized crossings dropped sharply after the Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/06/mexico-border-biden-california/\">implemented new asylum restrictions in June\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s southern border, long ‘ground zero’ in the fight between federal and local officials over immigration policy, is now at the center of renewed controversy over how far local leaders can go to protect people from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Diego County took steps earlier this month to strengthen safeguards for undocumented residents, an organization led by President-elect \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Donald Trump\u003c/a>’s adviser Stephen Miller sent a letter warning that elected leaders and employees of “sanctuary” jurisdictions could be “criminally liable” if they impede federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/AFL-Sanctuary-City-Letters-Vargas.pdf\">Dec. 23 letter (PDF)\u003c/a>, America First Legal Foundation wrote: “We have identified San Diego County as a sanctuary jurisdiction that is violating federal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative legal nonprofit that day announced that it had identified 249 \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/101224-Donald-Trump-Coachella-REUTERS-CM-01.jpg\">elected officials in sanctuary jurisdictions\u003c/a> who it said could face “legal consequences” over immigration policies. The California Attorney General’s office and Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass were sent similar letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter also suggests sanctuary city officials could be civilly liable under federal anti-racketeering laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump pledging to carry out the “largest mass deportation campaign in U.S. history,” San Diego’s board of supervisors enacted a policy on Dec. 12 prohibiting local law enforcement from communicating with immigration authorities about undocumented people in local jails without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego’s newly enacted ordinance goes a step further than California’s existing state “sanctuary” law, which only limits cooperation between local law enforcement and the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The law prevents jailers from notifying ICE about non-citizen inmates who are about to be released from local criminal custody unless they committed one of about 800 serious crimes. State prison officials regularly communicate with ICE about people in their custody, including U.S. citizens, public records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County’s action faced immediate pushback, with the county’s top law enforcement official, Sheriff Kelly Martinez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/border-immigration/2024/12/17/sheriff-refusal-to-further-limit-ice-cooperation-may-violate-state-law\">saying she would not \u003c/a>follow the new policy and would continue allowing immigration authorities access to the jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American First Legal Foundation sent its letter to the chair of San Diego County’s Board of Supervisors, Nora Vargas, who stepped down from her position on Friday citing security concerns just weeks after being elected to a second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal law is clear: aliens unlawfully present in the United States are subject to removal from the country, and it is a crime to conceal, harbor, or shield them. It is also a crime to prevent federal officials from enforcing immigration law,” states the letter, dated three days after the resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019934\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nora Vargas speaks onstage at Women’s March San Diego on Jan. 19, 2019. \u003ccite>(Daniel Knighton/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vargas, who was born in Tijuana, has long championed rights for asylum seekers and immigrants. She was the first immigrant and Latina to serve on San Diego’s board of supervisors. She was elected to the board in 2020, flipping the seat from Republican to Democrat for the first time in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vargas said the new board policy was developed through “rigorous legal review and stands in full compliance with federal, state and local laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This nation’s foundation was built on the strength and contributions of immigrants,” she posted on social media. “Now it’s time to turn our focus to honoring the humanity of those who help make this country the beacon of hope it continues to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokespersons for Trump’s transition team did not immediately respond to inquiries about whether the administration plans to prosecute local officials in sanctuary cities\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> Trump has named Miller to be his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/11/g-s1-33741/trump-stephen-miller-deputy-chief-of-staff-immigration-policy-deportations\">deputy chief of staff for policy\u003c/a> and homeland security advisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California preparing legal battles with Trump administration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State officials have asked the Legislature, in a special session called by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/gavin-newsom-special-session-trump-resistance/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom last month\u003c/a>, for $25 million for legal fights with the incoming administration on issues including immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a scare tactic, plain and simple,” read a statement from the Attorney General Rob Bonta’s office, in response to the America First letter. “While we are unable to comment on the specifics of the letter, we want to be clear: SB 54 was upheld by the courts during the first Trump administration, and it prevents the use of state and local resources for federal immigration enforcement with certain narrow exceptions. SB 54 does nothing, however, to block federal agencies from conducting immigration enforcement themselves. California will continue to comply with all applicable state and federal laws, and we expect all local law enforcement agencies to do the same.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Democratic state Senate leader Mike McGuire, of Healdsburg, in response to the letters called the incoming administration’s proposed immigration policies “draconian” and damaging to California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The previous Trump administration came at California before on a variety of legal fronts and the majority of the time, lost,” said McGuire, whose office did not receive a letter. “Mark my word, we’ll be prepared again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is home to several major cities with policies limiting cooperation between local police and federal immigration authorities. Proponents say such policies make immigrants less fearful of deportation when reporting crimes to or cooperating with the police. Los Angeles adopted a sanctuary city ordinance in November, fast-tracking the policy after Trump’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment on the America First letter, Zach Seidl, a spokesperson for Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass, called it “wrong on public safety and wrong on the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sanctuary policies are against the law, make a mockery of America’s democratic principles, and demonstrate a shocking disrespect for our Constitution and our citizens. The officials in charge of sanctuary jurisdictions have no excuse and must be held accountable,” read a statement from James Rogers, a senior counsel with America First Legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump targeted California sanctuary cities before\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s own \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2017/12/californias-new-sanctuary-law-will-aid-immigrants-not/\">sanctuary law\u003c/a>, signed by then-Gov. Jerry Brown in 2017, curbs local sheriffs’ transfers of detainees to federal immigration custody and also prohibits police from asking people about their immigration status. That law, Senate Bill 54, contains an exception for state prisons, which regularly transfer ex-inmates who have completed their sentences to Immigration and Customs Enforcement for deportation proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump advisers, including Miller, have been considering using federal pressure, such as withholding federal funds, against jurisdictions that won’t cooperate with federal immigration authorities. The last Trump administration tried to get the California sanctuary law overturned in federal court, but the Supreme Court in 2020 declined to hear its petition. And in 2018, Trump’s Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/us/politics/justice-department-sanctuary-cities-criminal-charges-elected-offiicals.html\">floated criminal charges\u003c/a> against politicians of cities that enact sanctuary policies. It did not file charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So-called ‘sanctuary’ jurisdictions that forbid compliance with federal immigration law and cooperation with the officials who enforce it are, therefore, breaking the law. Moreover, sanctuary jurisdictions are strictly prohibited from requiring their employees to violate federal immigration law,” the America First letter states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019935\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants arrive at the Iris Avenue Transit Center after being dropped off by Border Patrol agents in San Diego on Feb. 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ahilan Arulanantham, co-director of the Center for Immigration Law and Policy at the UCLA School of Law, said the letter’s reasoning that sanctuary policies amount to “harboring” or concealing federal fugitives is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not inquiring about someone’s status is not harboring. Neither is declining to share such information,” Arulanantham said in a text message Friday. “I’m not aware of any criminal protections based on such conduct, and the letter fails to cite any.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To carry out his plan to deport more people than any other president, Trump will need the cooperation of local officials. Immigrant Legal Resource Center, a national nonprofit that provides legal training and does pro-immigrant policy work in California and Texas, estimates 70 to 75% of ICE arrests in the interior of the U.S. are handoffs from another law enforcement agency, such as local jails or state or federal prisons. Since 2019, California’s state prison system has delivered more than 5,700 formerly incarcerated immigrants to ICE, federal data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego was the epicenter of a surge of unauthorized crossings earlier this year, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/02/california-border-migrants/\">straining local resources\u003c/a>. In April, 37,370 people crossed between ports of entry in the San Diego sector, with the majority surrendering to Border Patrol to claim asylum. This made it the top spot for crossings in the country for a few weeks in 2024, according to federal data. The number of unauthorized crossings dropped sharply after the Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/06/mexico-border-biden-california/\">implemented new asylum restrictions in June\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Of all the products that would be affected by President-elect Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/26/nx-s1-5206441/trumps-tariffs-china-canada-mexico\">proposed tariffs on Mexico\u003c/a>, avocados stand out: 90% of avocados consumed in the U.S. are imported. And almost all of those imports come from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said he plans to impose a blanket tariff of 25% on imports from Mexico and Canada, along with an additional 10% tax on goods from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear whether the tariffs will be implemented or if they will serve merely as a negotiating tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If enacted, they could have multiple effects on the avocado industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Broad tariffs, like what’s being proposed, is not something that we’ve seen” before, says David Ortega, a food economist and professor at Michigan State University. “We had the trade war with China back in 2018 that affected steel and aluminum, but when it comes to food, these types of policy proposals are not something that are very common or that we’ve seen recently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With one of the biggest guacamole-eating events of the year — the Super Bowl — approaching in February, here’s what to know about avocados, tariffs, and why so many avocados are grown in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Prices will rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Avocados are displayed in a grocery store in Washington, DC, on June 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Stefani Reynolds/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First, a 25% tariff on imports from Mexico would lead to higher avocado prices at the grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But estimating just how much higher is hard to say. It’s possible that producers and importers will absorb some of the costs to keep prices down and stay more competitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortega says there could be “pretty significant increases in the price of avocados. Maybe not the full 25%, but pretty close, given that there’s very little substitute ability with regards to where we would source avocados.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he cautions that because the tariffs apply only to the product’s value at the border, and not to other costs like transportation and distribution within the U.S., prices may not go up by the full 25%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of these potential price increases, however, people in the U.S. love their avocados and they’re willing to pay more. Avocado consumption tripled in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=103810\">between 2000 and 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that avocado is a staple of our consumption here, I would say that the elasticity is not very high, meaning that even with a big increase in price, consumption is not going to change that much,” says Luis Ribera, a professor and extension economist in the agricultural economics department at Texas A&M University.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why Mexico\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019619\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer works at an avocado plantation at the Los Cerritos avocado group ranch in Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, on Feb. 10, 2023. Most of the avocados consumed in the US are grown in Mexico. \u003ccite>(Ulises Ruiz/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mexico is the biggest \u003ca href=\"https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Avocado%20Annual_Mexico%20City_Mexico_MX2024-0018.pdf\">producer of avocados\u003c/a> in the world and exported $3.3 billion worth of avocados in 2023. A \u003ca href=\"https://avocadoinstitute.org/avo-economics/avo-economics-fact-sheet/\">study funded by the industry\u003c/a> estimated that avocado production supports 78,000 permanent jobs and 310,000 seasonal jobs in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very important business in Mexico, very lucrative,” Ribera says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico emerged as the largest foreign supplier of fruits and vegetables to the U.S. for a few reasons, he says. One: Its proximity to the U.S. market. With a perishable product, closer is better. Peru is the second-largest source of foreign avocados in the U.S., but its greater distance means avocados need to be shipped farther.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reasons for Mexico are favorable weather that allows for year-round production of avocados and access to cheap labor, according to Ribera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avocados are grown in the U.S. too, \u003ca href=\"https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE1150\">mostly in California\u003c/a> and to a lesser extent Florida and Hawaii, but U.S. growers can’t meet Americans’ big appetite. Avocado production in the U.S. has declined, even as Americans grew fonder of the green fruit, according to the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California avocado growers have faced droughts and wildfires in recent years, making it difficult to offer the year-round availability that American consumers crave, Ortega says. In addition, \u003ca href=\"https://www.producebluebook.com/2024/08/30/mexican-avocado-exports-to-u-s-expected-to-total-2-7b-in-2024/\">land is expensive\u003c/a> and water is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the goal of implementing tariffs is to force avocado production to move somewhere besides Mexico, that isn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes about eight years for avocado trees to produce fruit, according to the USDA. “This is not a product that you can just simply plant more of this season and you get more of in a few months,” Ortega says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries where the U.S. sources avocados — Peru, the Dominican Republic and Chile — “just simply don’t have the production capacity to replace Mexico’s supply,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tariffs could impact the organic avocado market\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tariffs could also alter the market dynamic when it comes to organic vs. conventional foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If prices rise across the board, consumers who typically buy organic avocados might switch to conventional ones to save money. Organic produce makes up about 15% of total fruit and vegetable sales in the U.S., according to the Organic Trade Association, which represents hundreds of organic businesses and thousands of farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My hypothesis is that the price of conventional products would increase more than the premium organic product,” Ortega says. He reasons that because people who are used to buying organic avocados would move to buy conventional ones, “that in turn increases the demand and would make prices rise more for that category.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Dillon, co-CEO of the Organic Trade Association, says those in the organic food industry are looking at diversifying their supply chains away from Mexico, but there’s a three-year transition period required for farmers to switch from producing conventional to organic produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Supply chains are not incredibly elastic in organic. It takes more time to pivot and change when there’s a supply chain disruption. And tariffs are in some ways a form of supply chain disruption for a company, because it creates unpredictable pricing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with grocery prices that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/nx-s1-5223469\">gone up more than 26%\u003c/a> since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Trump’s plans for tariffs on Mexico, along with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/19/g-s1-34736/trumps-threats-of-mass-deportations-lead-to-hard-discussions-for-families\">mass deportations\u003c/a>, could create “a perfect storm of high inflationary pressure on the organic sector,” Dillon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, retaliatory tariffs from Mexico could have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/27/nx-s1-5206854/officials-in-mexico-are-monitoring-trumps-comments-on-proposed-tariffs\">their own impacts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Avocado producers face uncertainty as Trump’s return looms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019620\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of avocados in boxes at a packing plant in the municipality of Ario de Rosales, Michoacan State, Mexico, on Sept. 21, 2023. \u003ccite>(Alfredo Estrella/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aside from the threat of tariffs, the avocado industry has other challenges to deal with: climate change \u003ca href=\"https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/c1062d72-ae62-43b1-97ae-aab32c75cadf/content\">presents several problems\u003c/a>, and avocados \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/05/health/everyday-foods-water-drought-climate-intl/index.html\">require a large amount of water\u003c/a> to grow. Meanwhile, \u003ca>environmentalists say\u003c/a> some avocado growers are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mexico-government-plants-caribbean-canada-6270df8d94e295da9cab759825b1bd28\">cutting down forests\u003c/a> to plant avocados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producers also face extortion from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/06/1192413115/the-violent-underbelly-of-the-avocado-industry\">criminal gangs in Mexico\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now with Trump’s tariff threats, producers are left to wonder about their next steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Producers, they react to market fundamentals,” Ribera says. For example, people can foresee how bad weather in Mexico would affect avocado prices. Producers and retailers will adjust to higher and lower demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue with a tariff is it’s not a market fundamental — it’s a policy. It’s a political move,” he says. “It could happen or it could not happen, or it could be increased or it could be decreased, you know. So it’s hard for the whole supply chain to adjust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Of all the products that would be affected by President-elect Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/26/nx-s1-5206441/trumps-tariffs-china-canada-mexico\">proposed tariffs on Mexico\u003c/a>, avocados stand out: 90% of avocados consumed in the U.S. are imported. And almost all of those imports come from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said he plans to impose a blanket tariff of 25% on imports from Mexico and Canada, along with an additional 10% tax on goods from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear whether the tariffs will be implemented or if they will serve merely as a negotiating tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If enacted, they could have multiple effects on the avocado industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Broad tariffs, like what’s being proposed, is not something that we’ve seen” before, says David Ortega, a food economist and professor at Michigan State University. “We had the trade war with China back in 2018 that affected steel and aluminum, but when it comes to food, these types of policy proposals are not something that are very common or that we’ve seen recently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With one of the biggest guacamole-eating events of the year — the Super Bowl — approaching in February, here’s what to know about avocados, tariffs, and why so many avocados are grown in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Prices will rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Avocados are displayed in a grocery store in Washington, DC, on June 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Stefani Reynolds/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First, a 25% tariff on imports from Mexico would lead to higher avocado prices at the grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But estimating just how much higher is hard to say. It’s possible that producers and importers will absorb some of the costs to keep prices down and stay more competitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortega says there could be “pretty significant increases in the price of avocados. Maybe not the full 25%, but pretty close, given that there’s very little substitute ability with regards to where we would source avocados.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he cautions that because the tariffs apply only to the product’s value at the border, and not to other costs like transportation and distribution within the U.S., prices may not go up by the full 25%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of these potential price increases, however, people in the U.S. love their avocados and they’re willing to pay more. Avocado consumption tripled in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=103810\">between 2000 and 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that avocado is a staple of our consumption here, I would say that the elasticity is not very high, meaning that even with a big increase in price, consumption is not going to change that much,” says Luis Ribera, a professor and extension economist in the agricultural economics department at Texas A&M University.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why Mexico\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019619\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer works at an avocado plantation at the Los Cerritos avocado group ranch in Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, on Feb. 10, 2023. Most of the avocados consumed in the US are grown in Mexico. \u003ccite>(Ulises Ruiz/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mexico is the biggest \u003ca href=\"https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Avocado%20Annual_Mexico%20City_Mexico_MX2024-0018.pdf\">producer of avocados\u003c/a> in the world and exported $3.3 billion worth of avocados in 2023. A \u003ca href=\"https://avocadoinstitute.org/avo-economics/avo-economics-fact-sheet/\">study funded by the industry\u003c/a> estimated that avocado production supports 78,000 permanent jobs and 310,000 seasonal jobs in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very important business in Mexico, very lucrative,” Ribera says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico emerged as the largest foreign supplier of fruits and vegetables to the U.S. for a few reasons, he says. One: Its proximity to the U.S. market. With a perishable product, closer is better. Peru is the second-largest source of foreign avocados in the U.S., but its greater distance means avocados need to be shipped farther.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reasons for Mexico are favorable weather that allows for year-round production of avocados and access to cheap labor, according to Ribera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avocados are grown in the U.S. too, \u003ca href=\"https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE1150\">mostly in California\u003c/a> and to a lesser extent Florida and Hawaii, but U.S. growers can’t meet Americans’ big appetite. Avocado production in the U.S. has declined, even as Americans grew fonder of the green fruit, according to the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California avocado growers have faced droughts and wildfires in recent years, making it difficult to offer the year-round availability that American consumers crave, Ortega says. In addition, \u003ca href=\"https://www.producebluebook.com/2024/08/30/mexican-avocado-exports-to-u-s-expected-to-total-2-7b-in-2024/\">land is expensive\u003c/a> and water is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the goal of implementing tariffs is to force avocado production to move somewhere besides Mexico, that isn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes about eight years for avocado trees to produce fruit, according to the USDA. “This is not a product that you can just simply plant more of this season and you get more of in a few months,” Ortega says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries where the U.S. sources avocados — Peru, the Dominican Republic and Chile — “just simply don’t have the production capacity to replace Mexico’s supply,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tariffs could impact the organic avocado market\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tariffs could also alter the market dynamic when it comes to organic vs. conventional foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If prices rise across the board, consumers who typically buy organic avocados might switch to conventional ones to save money. Organic produce makes up about 15% of total fruit and vegetable sales in the U.S., according to the Organic Trade Association, which represents hundreds of organic businesses and thousands of farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My hypothesis is that the price of conventional products would increase more than the premium organic product,” Ortega says. He reasons that because people who are used to buying organic avocados would move to buy conventional ones, “that in turn increases the demand and would make prices rise more for that category.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Dillon, co-CEO of the Organic Trade Association, says those in the organic food industry are looking at diversifying their supply chains away from Mexico, but there’s a three-year transition period required for farmers to switch from producing conventional to organic produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Supply chains are not incredibly elastic in organic. It takes more time to pivot and change when there’s a supply chain disruption. And tariffs are in some ways a form of supply chain disruption for a company, because it creates unpredictable pricing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with grocery prices that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/nx-s1-5223469\">gone up more than 26%\u003c/a> since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Trump’s plans for tariffs on Mexico, along with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/19/g-s1-34736/trumps-threats-of-mass-deportations-lead-to-hard-discussions-for-families\">mass deportations\u003c/a>, could create “a perfect storm of high inflationary pressure on the organic sector,” Dillon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, retaliatory tariffs from Mexico could have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/27/nx-s1-5206854/officials-in-mexico-are-monitoring-trumps-comments-on-proposed-tariffs\">their own impacts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Avocado producers face uncertainty as Trump’s return looms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019620\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of avocados in boxes at a packing plant in the municipality of Ario de Rosales, Michoacan State, Mexico, on Sept. 21, 2023. \u003ccite>(Alfredo Estrella/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aside from the threat of tariffs, the avocado industry has other challenges to deal with: climate change \u003ca href=\"https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/c1062d72-ae62-43b1-97ae-aab32c75cadf/content\">presents several problems\u003c/a>, and avocados \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/05/health/everyday-foods-water-drought-climate-intl/index.html\">require a large amount of water\u003c/a> to grow. Meanwhile, \u003ca>environmentalists say\u003c/a> some avocado growers are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mexico-government-plants-caribbean-canada-6270df8d94e295da9cab759825b1bd28\">cutting down forests\u003c/a> to plant avocados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producers also face extortion from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/06/1192413115/the-violent-underbelly-of-the-avocado-industry\">criminal gangs in Mexico\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now with Trump’s tariff threats, producers are left to wonder about their next steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Producers, they react to market fundamentals,” Ribera says. For example, people can foresee how bad weather in Mexico would affect avocado prices. Producers and retailers will adjust to higher and lower demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue with a tariff is it’s not a market fundamental — it’s a policy. It’s a political move,” he says. “It could happen or it could not happen, or it could be increased or it could be decreased, you know. So it’s hard for the whole supply chain to adjust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\"> California\u003c/a> lawmaker wants to create a safe zone around schools to protect immigrant students and their parents against the threat of large-scale deportations by President-elect Donald Trump’s incoming administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senate Majority Leader Lena Gonzalez introduced a bill this week in response to concerns that Trump would scrap the federal government’s long-standing policy to generally avoid conducting \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/ero-outreach/pdf/10029.2-policy.pdf\">immigration enforcement actions in “sensitive locations\u003c/a>” such as schools, hospitals and places of worship. One in five, or 20%, of California children \u003ca href=\"https://immigrantdataca.org/indicators/mixed-status-families\">live in mixed-status families\u003c/a> where at least one one of their relatives is an undocumented immigrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez’s \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB48\">bill \u003c/a>would prohibit local police from assisting U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents in the one-mile radius around a school. It also would not allow immigration authorities to enter schools or obtain information about students, their families and school employees without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All California children deserve safe school environments that prioritize student learning, regardless of immigration status,” Gonzalez said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her bill comes two weeks after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016440/california-bill-would-protect-schools-child-care-centers-from-immigration-raids\">another state lawmaker proposed\u003c/a> barring ICE agents from entering a school or child care center without a statement of purpose, court order and approval from the district superintendent or other supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals come amid escalating fears of mass deportation as Trump’s inauguration approaches on Jan. 20, 2025. \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/7200212/person-of-the-year-2024-donald-trump/\">In an interview published by Time magazine\u003c/a> last week, Trump said he was willing to enlist the military to round up and deport undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989678\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1218\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1536x974.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students’ backpacks hang outside the transitional kindergarten classroom at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Education leaders say his rhetoric is already creating a chilling effect on immigrant children and parents who live in fear of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard from elementary school teachers experiencing a kid coming to school, just crying and wanting to be held because they’re so worried [about whether] their parent is going to pick them up after school,’” said Xilonin Cruz-Gonzalez, co-founder of National Newcomer Network, a coalition of educators, researchers and advocates dedicated to newcomer education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said teachers are concerned the stress will impede student’s ability to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Oakland International High School, some newcomer students with after-school jobs are facing additional pressure to work more to pay immigration lawyers to fight their cases, said Lauren Markham, director of the school’s learning lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markham expressed concern that the urgency to work more may lead the students to miss classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12017430 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/HarmeetDhillon-1180x793.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our students are incredibly afraid that they or their parents are going to be swept up in immigration raids,” Markham said. “There is a pervasive sense of uncertainty, and this kind of looming, amorphous threat that ‘at any moment I may be sent home’ to, in many cases, a place of danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified School District already has trained staff on how to respond to potential immigration enforcement at schools, and it urges immigrant parents to make a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ousd.org/know-your-rights/for-immigrant-families\">“family safety plan,”\u003c/a> including naming a trusted adult to take care of their child in case they get detained or deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump’s first term, \u003ca href=\"https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/immigration-immigrant-students/u.s.-immigration-enforcement-policy-and-its-impact-on-teaching-and-learning-in-the-nations-schools\">researchers at the Civil Rights Project at UCLA \u003c/a>found that his immigration policies contributed to increased absenteeism, decreased student achievement and parent disengagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers surveyed 3600 educators in more than 700 schools in 12 states and discovered that increased absenteeism led to lower funding for schools, which affected support services for all students, said Patricia Gandara, a co-director of the project. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because most of the schools where immigrant students are found are poor schools, they [had] a hard time meeting the very deep needs of the students,” Gandara said. “Even the students who were not from immigrant families were being affected by this because of the climate in the school, the climate in the classroom, and the concern for the other students who were more targeted. So it was having a devastating effect on the schools that most need help,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said legislation to beef up protections for immigrant students sends a message to those students that schools have their back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the really sad things that we heard from teachers was that oftentimes, their best students were giving up. Because the kids would say, ‘I don’t see that I have a future in this country. Why am I knocking myself out to try and go to college if I have no future?” Gandara said. “So if these young people hear that legislators and other people in the schools are really working on their behalf and are trying to protect them, I think that’s helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly stated the number of schools surveyed by researchers at the Civil Rights Project at UCLA. The story has been updated to reflect that they surveyed 3600 educators in more than 700 schools in 12 states.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A California lawmaker wants to create a safe zone around schools to protect immigrant students and their parents against the threat of large-scale deportations by the incoming Trump administration.",
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"title": "California Lawmaker Seeks to Keep ICE Agents 1 Mile From Schools | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\"> California\u003c/a> lawmaker wants to create a safe zone around schools to protect immigrant students and their parents against the threat of large-scale deportations by President-elect Donald Trump’s incoming administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Senate Majority Leader Lena Gonzalez introduced a bill this week in response to concerns that Trump would scrap the federal government’s long-standing policy to generally avoid conducting \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/ero-outreach/pdf/10029.2-policy.pdf\">immigration enforcement actions in “sensitive locations\u003c/a>” such as schools, hospitals and places of worship. One in five, or 20%, of California children \u003ca href=\"https://immigrantdataca.org/indicators/mixed-status-families\">live in mixed-status families\u003c/a> where at least one one of their relatives is an undocumented immigrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez’s \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB48\">bill \u003c/a>would prohibit local police from assisting U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents in the one-mile radius around a school. It also would not allow immigration authorities to enter schools or obtain information about students, their families and school employees without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All California children deserve safe school environments that prioritize student learning, regardless of immigration status,” Gonzalez said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her bill comes two weeks after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016440/california-bill-would-protect-schools-child-care-centers-from-immigration-raids\">another state lawmaker proposed\u003c/a> barring ICE agents from entering a school or child care center without a statement of purpose, court order and approval from the district superintendent or other supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals come amid escalating fears of mass deportation as Trump’s inauguration approaches on Jan. 20, 2025. \u003ca href=\"https://time.com/7200212/person-of-the-year-2024-donald-trump/\">In an interview published by Time magazine\u003c/a> last week, Trump said he was willing to enlist the military to round up and deport undocumented immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11989678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11989678\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1218\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-800x508.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1020x647.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/TKBackPack-1536x974.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students’ backpacks hang outside the transitional kindergarten classroom at Will Rogers Elementary School in Santa Monica. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ashley Balderrama)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Education leaders say his rhetoric is already creating a chilling effect on immigrant children and parents who live in fear of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve heard from elementary school teachers experiencing a kid coming to school, just crying and wanting to be held because they’re so worried [about whether] their parent is going to pick them up after school,’” said Xilonin Cruz-Gonzalez, co-founder of National Newcomer Network, a coalition of educators, researchers and advocates dedicated to newcomer education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said teachers are concerned the stress will impede student’s ability to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Oakland International High School, some newcomer students with after-school jobs are facing additional pressure to work more to pay immigration lawyers to fight their cases, said Lauren Markham, director of the school’s learning lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markham expressed concern that the urgency to work more may lead the students to miss classes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our students are incredibly afraid that they or their parents are going to be swept up in immigration raids,” Markham said. “There is a pervasive sense of uncertainty, and this kind of looming, amorphous threat that ‘at any moment I may be sent home’ to, in many cases, a place of danger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland Unified School District already has trained staff on how to respond to potential immigration enforcement at schools, and it urges immigrant parents to make a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ousd.org/know-your-rights/for-immigrant-families\">“family safety plan,”\u003c/a> including naming a trusted adult to take care of their child in case they get detained or deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump’s first term, \u003ca href=\"https://www.civilrightsproject.ucla.edu/research/k-12-education/immigration-immigrant-students/u.s.-immigration-enforcement-policy-and-its-impact-on-teaching-and-learning-in-the-nations-schools\">researchers at the Civil Rights Project at UCLA \u003c/a>found that his immigration policies contributed to increased absenteeism, decreased student achievement and parent disengagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The researchers surveyed 3600 educators in more than 700 schools in 12 states and discovered that increased absenteeism led to lower funding for schools, which affected support services for all students, said Patricia Gandara, a co-director of the project. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because most of the schools where immigrant students are found are poor schools, they [had] a hard time meeting the very deep needs of the students,” Gandara said. “Even the students who were not from immigrant families were being affected by this because of the climate in the school, the climate in the classroom, and the concern for the other students who were more targeted. So it was having a devastating effect on the schools that most need help,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said legislation to beef up protections for immigrant students sends a message to those students that schools have their back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the really sad things that we heard from teachers was that oftentimes, their best students were giving up. Because the kids would say, ‘I don’t see that I have a future in this country. Why am I knocking myself out to try and go to college if I have no future?” Gandara said. “So if these young people hear that legislators and other people in the schools are really working on their behalf and are trying to protect them, I think that’s helpful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly stated the number of schools surveyed by researchers at the Civil Rights Project at UCLA. The story has been updated to reflect that they surveyed 3600 educators in more than 700 schools in 12 states.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Democrats Plan To Take Measured Approach During Trump's Second Term",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Monday, December 16, 2024…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first time Donald Trump was elected president, blue state Democrats — particularly those from California — asserted themselves as the frontline of the resistance. Eight years later, they say \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018266/from-resistance-to-calm-blue-state-democrats-shift-strategy-on-trump\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">they’re making an intentional decision to stay calm,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at least for now.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s official. California regulators are enforcing an agreement with the state’s largest insurance companies that they hope will \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-12-13/california-home-insurance-catastrophe-modeling-insurance-commissioner-laraa\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">stem the insurance crisis.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Crews have been working around the clock in the community of Scotts Valley in the Santa Cruz Mountains after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018406/tornado-hits-santa-cruz-county\">a rare tornado\u003c/a> touched down in the city on Saturday. At least five people were injured.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018266/from-resistance-to-calm-blue-state-democrats-shift-strategy-on-trump\">\u003cstrong>California Democrats Adopt Measured Approach As Trump Returns To The White House\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first time Donald Trump was elected president, blue state Democrats — particularly those from California — asserted themselves as the frontline of the resistance. Eight years later, they say their best strategy for confronting a second Trump presidency is to stay calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take California’s newly sworn-in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12012594/adam-schiff-will-be-californias-new-us-senator\">U.S. Sen. Adam Schiff:\u003c/a> The former House member garnered national attention during Trump’s first term. Schiff led the first impeachment of the president-elect, served on the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 assault on the Capitol, and regularly appeared on TV news as a spokesperson for a defiant Democratic party. However, as he begins his first term as senator, Schiff said his primary focus is on what he can get done for his home state. “We have a lot of serious challenges that people talk to me up and down the state as I traveled to California during the campaign,” he said, going on to cite the state’s high cost of living, water and air quality, and wildfires. “My first priority is solving those problems, meeting the needs of Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff isn’t alone. As blue state Democrats brace for the president-elect to be sworn in again, even those he’s named as political enemies, like Schiff and others on the Jan. 6 committee, say they won’t be the ones picking a fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>California Issues New Rules For Home Insurers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014632/california-insurance-regulators-aim-ease-coverage-crisis-new-rules\">state’s insurance department\u003c/a> is requiring companies to write more policies in risky wildfire areas. In exchange it will let them use forward-looking risk models to set rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will likely mean consumers will pay more for insurance, but state officials say this is far better than the alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Californians have not been able to get any insurance at all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101906641/california-regulators-roll-out-plan-to-stabilize-home-insurance-market\">after companies pulled back from the state\u003c/a> following years of disastrous fires and high inflation. Previously, California had forced the insurance industry to use historical data to set rates. But that did not account for how wildfires have intensified as the climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018406/tornado-hits-santa-cruz-county\">\u003cstrong>Santa Cruz County Tornado Reached 90 Miles Per Hour, Injured 5\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service says \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NWSBayArea/status/1868154636219371850\">a tornado that touched down\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz County Saturday afternoon had maximum wind speeds of 90 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tornado, which briefly wreaked havoc in the small mountain town of Scotts Valley, injured five people, according to the Scotts Valley Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Of those injured, three \u003c/span>\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">individuals were transported to area medical facilities, with one being admitted for \u003c/span>\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">continued treatment,” the department said in a statement Sunday. “Fortunately, there were no reported fatalities, and we are \u003c/span>\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">actively following up with the remaining injured parties to monitor their recovery \u003c/span>\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">and ensure their well-being.\u003c/span>”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Monday, December 16, 2024…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first time Donald Trump was elected president, blue state Democrats — particularly those from California — asserted themselves as the frontline of the resistance. Eight years later, they say \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018266/from-resistance-to-calm-blue-state-democrats-shift-strategy-on-trump\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">they’re making an intentional decision to stay calm,\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> at least for now.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s official. California regulators are enforcing an agreement with the state’s largest insurance companies that they hope will \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2024-12-13/california-home-insurance-catastrophe-modeling-insurance-commissioner-laraa\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">stem the insurance crisis.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Crews have been working around the clock in the community of Scotts Valley in the Santa Cruz Mountains after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018406/tornado-hits-santa-cruz-county\">a rare tornado\u003c/a> touched down in the city on Saturday. At least five people were injured.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018266/from-resistance-to-calm-blue-state-democrats-shift-strategy-on-trump\">\u003cstrong>California Democrats Adopt Measured Approach As Trump Returns To The White House\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first time Donald Trump was elected president, blue state Democrats — particularly those from California — asserted themselves as the frontline of the resistance. Eight years later, they say their best strategy for confronting a second Trump presidency is to stay calm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take California’s newly sworn-in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12012594/adam-schiff-will-be-californias-new-us-senator\">U.S. Sen. Adam Schiff:\u003c/a> The former House member garnered national attention during Trump’s first term. Schiff led the first impeachment of the president-elect, served on the House committee investigating the Jan. 6 assault on the Capitol, and regularly appeared on TV news as a spokesperson for a defiant Democratic party. However, as he begins his first term as senator, Schiff said his primary focus is on what he can get done for his home state. “We have a lot of serious challenges that people talk to me up and down the state as I traveled to California during the campaign,” he said, going on to cite the state’s high cost of living, water and air quality, and wildfires. “My first priority is solving those problems, meeting the needs of Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff isn’t alone. As blue state Democrats brace for the president-elect to be sworn in again, even those he’s named as political enemies, like Schiff and others on the Jan. 6 committee, say they won’t be the ones picking a fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>California Issues New Rules For Home Insurers\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014632/california-insurance-regulators-aim-ease-coverage-crisis-new-rules\">state’s insurance department\u003c/a> is requiring companies to write more policies in risky wildfire areas. In exchange it will let them use forward-looking risk models to set rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That will likely mean consumers will pay more for insurance, but state officials say this is far better than the alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many Californians have not been able to get any insurance at all, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101906641/california-regulators-roll-out-plan-to-stabilize-home-insurance-market\">after companies pulled back from the state\u003c/a> following years of disastrous fires and high inflation. Previously, California had forced the insurance industry to use historical data to set rates. But that did not account for how wildfires have intensified as the climate changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018406/tornado-hits-santa-cruz-county\">\u003cstrong>Santa Cruz County Tornado Reached 90 Miles Per Hour, Injured 5\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service says \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/NWSBayArea/status/1868154636219371850\">a tornado that touched down\u003c/a> in Santa Cruz County Saturday afternoon had maximum wind speeds of 90 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tornado, which briefly wreaked havoc in the small mountain town of Scotts Valley, injured five people, according to the Scotts Valley Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">Of those injured, three \u003c/span>\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">individuals were transported to area medical facilities, with one being admitted for \u003c/span>\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">continued treatment,” the department said in a statement Sunday. “Fortunately, there were no reported fatalities, and we are \u003c/span>\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">actively following up with the remaining injured parties to monitor their recovery \u003c/span>\u003cspan dir=\"ltr\" role=\"presentation\">and ensure their well-being.\u003c/span>”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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"order": 14
},
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
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