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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Update 12:48 p.m.\u003c/em> Bay City News wrap-up:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A San Francisco Superior Court judge ruled today that a ballot measure that would criminalize male circumcision must be stricken from the city’s November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35545\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/circumcisionhearing3SM1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/circumcisionhearing3SM1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"circumcisionhearing3SM\" width=\"320\" height=\"239\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35545\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anti-circumcision protester outside the hearing today. (Photo: Peter Jon Shuler/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposed ban would have punished people who circumcise a minor with a fine of up to $1,000 or up to a year in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Loretta Giorgi ruled today that the measure is pre-empted by a state law concerning medical procedures, and said the option of narrowing the proposal to only target circumcisions done for religious reasons would not work either since that would violate the free exercise clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the start of this morning’s hearing, Giorgi said, “The issue for debate today is not the pros and cons of circumcision.” \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizer of the ban campaign, Lloyd Schofield, has argued that male circumcision is akin to female circumcision practices that are already banned in the U.S. He collected thousands of signatures to qualify the measure for the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Kinane, the attorney representing the ban’s supporters, continued that line of argument in today’s hearing, saying the measure is “very similar” to the U.S. ban on female circumcision since it limits it to necessary medical procedures rather than those done for religious purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said arguments against the ban “aren’t sufficient to justify the genital mutilation of infants,” and said San Francisco would be the right place to restrict the practice since it’s “one of the places that protects human rights more than anywhere in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Jacobs, the attorney representing opponents of the ban, including the Jewish Community Relations Council and the Anti-Defamation League, said that the state law is clear that “no city or county … can prohibit a healing arts professional” from performing a medical procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinane called into question whether most circumcisions are done for medical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the hearing, Giorgi said she took the arguments of the ban’s proponents to heart but said “the evidence did show this is an area pre-empted by state law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the city’s Department of Elections has to remove the measure from the ballot immediately. The city has until Sept. 1 to finalize the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hearing, Schofield said he is considering appealing the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone has freedom of expression, but you cannot have freedom of expression to harm another human being,” he said. “I disagree with that aspect of the ruling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This issue is not ending,” he said, adding that he “will not stop until all men are protected” from circumcision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby Michelson Porth of the Jewish Community Relations Council said she is “very pleased” with the judge’s ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Circumcision is something that’s been practiced for nearly 4,000 years,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She called it “a very integral part of our faith and tradition … and we didn’t want to see Mr. Schofield legislate away” the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy City Attorney Mollie Lee said the city will be complying with the clear guidelines the judge set about removing the measure from the ballot.\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Earlier posts\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nUpdate: The upshot of judge’s ruling, as tweeted by Peter Jon Shuler from the courtroom: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://twitter.com/#!/KQEDNewsLive/status/96631387154694144\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lloyd Schofield, who put the proposed ban on the ballot, said he intends to appeal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click here for \u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/#!/KQEDNewsLive\">tweeted reports\u003c/a> of the oral arguments. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s Peter Jon Shuler is \u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/#!/KQEDNewsLive\">\u003cstrong>tweeting live\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> from the courtroom of San Francisco Superior Court Judge Loretta Giorgi, where she is hearing oral arguments in the pre-election challenge to the circumcision ban that qualified for November’s ballot in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, Judge Giorgi issued a tentative ruling holding that the proposed ordinance is “expressly preempted,” as it “attempts to regulate a medical procedure. Moreover, it serves no legitimate purpose to allow a measure whose invalidity can be determined as a matter of law to remain on the ballot after such a ruling has been made.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/07/28/BAT71KFV1I.DTL\">Chron\u003c/a> today: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\nThe ruling is tentative, and Giorgi is scheduled to hold a hearing on the matter today at 9:30 a.m. But observers say it is very unlikely that she’ll change her mind considering the vehemence of her initial ruling.\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Live tweeting from courtroom: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of anti-circumcision protesters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\nLast month, The California Report’s Rachael Myrow interviewed Lloyd Schofield, the San Francisco resident who put the proposition on the ballot, and Martin Nussbaum, an attorney specializing in First Amendment religious cases as a proponent of freedom of religion. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/06/08/live-9-a-m-circumcision-ban-author-and-opponent-discuss-the-issue/\">\u003cstrong>Listen to those interviews here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Update 12:48 p.m.\u003c/em> Bay City News wrap-up:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A San Francisco Superior Court judge ruled today that a ballot measure that would criminalize male circumcision must be stricken from the city’s November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35545\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/circumcisionhearing3SM1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/circumcisionhearing3SM1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"circumcisionhearing3SM\" width=\"320\" height=\"239\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35545\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anti-circumcision protester outside the hearing today. (Photo: Peter Jon Shuler/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposed ban would have punished people who circumcise a minor with a fine of up to $1,000 or up to a year in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Loretta Giorgi ruled today that the measure is pre-empted by a state law concerning medical procedures, and said the option of narrowing the proposal to only target circumcisions done for religious reasons would not work either since that would violate the free exercise clause of the First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the start of this morning’s hearing, Giorgi said, “The issue for debate today is not the pros and cons of circumcision.” \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizer of the ban campaign, Lloyd Schofield, has argued that male circumcision is akin to female circumcision practices that are already banned in the U.S. He collected thousands of signatures to qualify the measure for the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Kinane, the attorney representing the ban’s supporters, continued that line of argument in today’s hearing, saying the measure is “very similar” to the U.S. ban on female circumcision since it limits it to necessary medical procedures rather than those done for religious purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said arguments against the ban “aren’t sufficient to justify the genital mutilation of infants,” and said San Francisco would be the right place to restrict the practice since it’s “one of the places that protects human rights more than anywhere in the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Jacobs, the attorney representing opponents of the ban, including the Jewish Community Relations Council and the Anti-Defamation League, said that the state law is clear that “no city or county … can prohibit a healing arts professional” from performing a medical procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinane called into question whether most circumcisions are done for medical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of the hearing, Giorgi said she took the arguments of the ban’s proponents to heart but said “the evidence did show this is an area pre-empted by state law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the city’s Department of Elections has to remove the measure from the ballot immediately. The city has until Sept. 1 to finalize the ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the hearing, Schofield said he is considering appealing the ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everyone has freedom of expression, but you cannot have freedom of expression to harm another human being,” he said. “I disagree with that aspect of the ruling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This issue is not ending,” he said, adding that he “will not stop until all men are protected” from circumcision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby Michelson Porth of the Jewish Community Relations Council said she is “very pleased” with the judge’s ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Circumcision is something that’s been practiced for nearly 4,000 years,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She called it “a very integral part of our faith and tradition … and we didn’t want to see Mr. Schofield legislate away” the practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputy City Attorney Mollie Lee said the city will be complying with the clear guidelines the judge set about removing the measure from the ballot.\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Earlier posts\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nUpdate: The upshot of judge’s ruling, as tweeted by Peter Jon Shuler from the courtroom: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://twitter.com/#!/KQEDNewsLive/status/96631387154694144\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lloyd Schofield, who put the proposed ban on the ballot, said he intends to appeal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click here for \u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/#!/KQEDNewsLive\">tweeted reports\u003c/a> of the oral arguments. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original post\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nKQED’s Peter Jon Shuler is \u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/#!/KQEDNewsLive\">\u003cstrong>tweeting live\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> from the courtroom of San Francisco Superior Court Judge Loretta Giorgi, where she is hearing oral arguments in the pre-election challenge to the circumcision ban that qualified for November’s ballot in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yesterday, Judge Giorgi issued a tentative ruling holding that the proposed ordinance is “expressly preempted,” as it “attempts to regulate a medical procedure. Moreover, it serves no legitimate purpose to allow a measure whose invalidity can be determined as a matter of law to remain on the ballot after such a ruling has been made.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/07/28/BAT71KFV1I.DTL\">Chron\u003c/a> today: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\nThe ruling is tentative, and Giorgi is scheduled to hold a hearing on the matter today at 9:30 a.m. But observers say it is very unlikely that she’ll change her mind considering the vehemence of her initial ruling.\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Live tweeting from courtroom: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of anti-circumcision protesters:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\nLast month, The California Report’s Rachael Myrow interviewed Lloyd Schofield, the San Francisco resident who put the proposition on the ballot, and Martin Nussbaum, an attorney specializing in First Amendment religious cases as a proponent of freedom of religion. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/06/08/live-9-a-m-circumcision-ban-author-and-opponent-discuss-the-issue/\">\u003cstrong>Listen to those interviews here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35411\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/circ0727.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35411\" title=\"circ0727\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/circ0727.jpg\" alt=\"Anti-circumcision protestors in DC. Dan Zak/The Washington Post/Getty Images\" width=\"298\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anti-circumcision protestors in DC. Dan Zak/The Washington Post/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A potentially big development affecting the proposed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/circumcision-ban/\">circumcision ban\u003c/a> slated for the San Francisco ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a press release from San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera’s office:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (July 27, 2011) — San Francisco Superior Court Judge Loretta M. Giorgi issued a tentative ruling this afternoon (see text below) in the pre-election challenge to San Francisco’s proposed ban on male circumcisions. The tentative ruling holds that because it “attempts to regulate a medical procedure, the proposed ordinance is expressly preempted. Moreover, it serves no legitimate purpose to allow a measure whose invalidity can be determined as a matter of law to remain on the ballot after such a ruling has been made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We just received word from the real party in interest, Lloyd Schofield, that he intends to go forward with oral argument at tomorrow’s scheduled hearing. The details of that hearing are below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>July 28, 2011 at 9:30 a.m.\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Superior Court\u003cbr>\nJudge Loretta M. Giorgi\u003cbr>\n400 McAllister Street, Dept. 302\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As noted, this is a non-binding, tentative ruling, which does not always hold through completion of the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, The California Report’s Rachael Myrow interviewed Lloyd Schofield, the San Francisco resident who put the proposition on the ballot, and Martin Nussbaum, an attorney specializing in First Amendment religious cases as a proponent of freedom of religion. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/06/08/live-9-a-m-circumcision-ban-author-and-opponent-discuss-the-issue/\">\u003cstrong>Listen to those interviews here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_35411\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/circ0727.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35411\" title=\"circ0727\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/circ0727.jpg\" alt=\"Anti-circumcision protestors in DC. Dan Zak/The Washington Post/Getty Images\" width=\"298\" height=\"198\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anti-circumcision protestors in DC. Dan Zak/The Washington Post/Getty Images\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A potentially big development affecting the proposed \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/circumcision-ban/\">circumcision ban\u003c/a> slated for the San Francisco ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s a press release from San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera’s office:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO (July 27, 2011) — San Francisco Superior Court Judge Loretta M. Giorgi issued a tentative ruling this afternoon (see text below) in the pre-election challenge to San Francisco’s proposed ban on male circumcisions. The tentative ruling holds that because it “attempts to regulate a medical procedure, the proposed ordinance is expressly preempted. Moreover, it serves no legitimate purpose to allow a measure whose invalidity can be determined as a matter of law to remain on the ballot after such a ruling has been made.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We just received word from the real party in interest, Lloyd Schofield, that he intends to go forward with oral argument at tomorrow’s scheduled hearing. The details of that hearing are below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>July 28, 2011 at 9:30 a.m.\u003cbr>\nSan Francisco Superior Court\u003cbr>\nJudge Loretta M. Giorgi\u003cbr>\n400 McAllister Street, Dept. 302\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As noted, this is a non-binding, tentative ruling, which does not always hold through completion of the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, The California Report’s Rachael Myrow interviewed Lloyd Schofield, the San Francisco resident who put the proposition on the ballot, and Martin Nussbaum, an attorney specializing in First Amendment religious cases as a proponent of freedom of religion. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/06/08/live-9-a-m-circumcision-ban-author-and-opponent-discuss-the-issue/\">\u003cstrong>Listen to those interviews here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34231\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/CircumciscionProcedure.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/CircumciscionProcedure.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34231\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at George Washington University Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ACLU of Northern California filed a court brief Friday supporting an effort to block a ballot measure that would ban juvenile male circumcision in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The friend of the court brief bolsters the arguments of a coalition of Jews and Muslims who filed suit in June asking a judge to invalidate the controversial measure headed for the Nov. 8 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead supporter of the circumcision ban characterizes the procedure as “genital mutilation that is unnecessary, extremely painful and even dangerous,” the Associated Press reported. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure would make the circumcision of a male younger than 18 years old a misdemeanor carrying up to $1,000 in fines or a year in jail. There would be no religious exemption to the ban, even though Jewish and Muslim followers consider circumcision part of their religion. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move flies in the face of mainstream practices. The New York Times has reported that 80 percent of U.S. males are circumcised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group seeking to get the ban off the ballot cites a number of mainstream sources, including Harvard and UC San Francisco physicians, saying the procedure can stem the spread of AIDS and should be based on parental choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the brief filed Friday, the ACLU argues that state law bans any city or county from passing a law that restricts a licensed medical professional from performing “any procedure that falls within the professionally recognized scope of practice of that licensee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, no city authority can stop a doctor from doing things that doctors normally do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brief also argues that the initiative would threaten the rights of mature teenage boys younger than 18 to make decisions about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lloyd Schofield, the initiative’s supporter, also filed a court brief Friday, batting off criticism that has surfaced about the law’s apparent anti-Semitism. Schofield, of Oakland, noted that “it is not honest to suggest that the sole purpose of the initiative was to be anti-Semitic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schofield goes on to raise concerns about the religious traditions of a non-medically trained Jewish mohel, usually a rabbi or doctor, or Islamic barber who at one time performed circumcisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of anti-Semitic motivation for the ban came up when San Francisco Chronicle columnist Debra J. Saunders posted the image of the buff and blond “Foreskin Man” comic book, posted on a website run by a man who supports the circumcision ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hero is apparently fending off a dark and shifty Hasidic rabbi who is leering over a baby. The book’s author brushed off the notion that the movement is anti-Jewish, saying it is “trying to be pro-human rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christina Jewett is an investigative reporter for California Watch, a project of the non-profit Center for Investigative Reporting. Find more California Watch reporting \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group seeking to get the ban off the ballot cites a number of mainstream sources, including Harvard and UC San Francisco physicians, saying the procedure can stem the spread of AIDS and should be based on parental choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the brief filed Friday, the ACLU argues that state law bans any city or county from passing a law that restricts a licensed medical professional from performing “any procedure that falls within the professionally recognized scope of practice of that licensee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, no city authority can stop a doctor from doing things that doctors normally do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brief also argues that the initiative would threaten the rights of mature teenage boys younger than 18 to make decisions about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lloyd Schofield, the initiative’s supporter, also filed a court brief Friday, batting off criticism that has surfaced about the law’s apparent anti-Semitism. Schofield, of Oakland, noted that “it is not honest to suggest that the sole purpose of the initiative was to be anti-Semitic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schofield goes on to raise concerns about the religious traditions of a non-medically trained Jewish mohel, usually a rabbi or doctor, or Islamic barber who at one time performed circumcisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of anti-Semitic motivation for the ban came up when San Francisco Chronicle columnist Debra J. Saunders posted the image of the buff and blond “Foreskin Man” comic book, posted on a website run by a man who supports the circumcision ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hero is apparently fending off a dark and shifty Hasidic rabbi who is leering over a baby. The book’s author brushed off the notion that the movement is anti-Jewish, saying it is “trying to be pro-human rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christina Jewett is an investigative reporter for California Watch, a project of the non-profit Center for Investigative Reporting. Find more California Watch reporting \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30319\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 186px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"186\" height=\"105\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30319\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at GWU Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Debate has erupted across the country over a San Francisco ballot initiative to ban circumcision of minors. KQED News’ Online Community Specialist Ian Hill has curated the following comments of the many being posted about this issue. (And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/circumcision-ban/\">more on the proposed ban here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://storify.com/kqednews/reaction-proposed-san-francisco-circumcision-ban\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "What Do the WHO, NIH and Other Health Organizations Say About Circumcision?",
"title": "What Do the WHO, NIH and Other Health Organizations Say About Circumcision?",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30240\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumcision0608.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30240\" title=\"circumcision0608\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumcision0608.jpg\" alt=\"Or Chaim Nagar, eight-days-old, lies in his stroller after his circumcision. David Silverman/Getty\" width=\"298\" height=\"210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Or Chaim Nagar, eight-days-old, lies in his stroller after his circumcision. David Silverman/Getty\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Debate has \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">erupted\u003c/a> over a November ballot initiative in San Francisco that aims to ban circumcision of minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to ethical and religious concerns, the health implications of circumcision (and non-circumcision) are also part of the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before we examine that debate, let's start with some basics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So, what would the bill do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If passed, the proposed bill, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org/Site/Home.html\">Male Genital Mutilation\u003c/a>, would make it \"unlawful to circumcise, excise, cut, or mutilate the whole or any part of the foreskin, testicles, or penis of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would provide an exemption if there is a \"a clear, compelling, and immediate medical need with no less-destructive alternative treatment available.\" It would not create a religious exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone was caught performing a circumcision, it would be a misdemeanor charge with a maximum of a $1,000 fine, or no more than a year of imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->The San Francisco initiative was written by Matthew Hess, who has also written a federal version, 46 state versions, and another ballot initiative in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hess says that the bills are modeled on existing federal and state female genital mutilation laws, which is why much of the language is similar to those statutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read all the bills at \u003ca href=\"mgmbill.org\">MGMbill.org\u003c/a>, an anti-circumcision organization run by Hess and 15 others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hess declined our request for an interview, but he got us in touch with Lloyd Schofield, who in addition to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">speaking with us\u003c/a>, has spoken to many other media outlets on the subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who, where, and how often?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241596169/en/\">estimates\u003c/a> that about 30 percent of men worldwide are circumcised. Both Jewish and Muslim groups often circumcise their boys. So while many Americans are circumcised, many countries in the Middle East have similar if not higher rates. Muslim men make up about two-thirds of all men circumcised in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of circumcised men is growing worldwide, predominantly in Africa because of some \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241596169/en/\">new studies\u003c/a> linking being uncircumcised to the spread of HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culturally, circumcision was never much of a thing in Europe, so rates are much lower there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/circumcision.htm\">found\u003c/a> that 79 percent of adult males in the U.S. report being circumcised, but, according to WHO circumcision is \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack/en/index.html\">declining\u003c/a> in America. The CDC confirms this in its most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/circumcision.htm\">analysis\u003c/a>, which shows that there was a decline in newborn circumcision, from 60 percent in 1998 to 55 percent in 2005. Also, the most recent \u003ca href=\"http://nchspressroom.wordpress.com/category/national-hospital-discharge-survey/\">National Hospital Discharge Survey \u003c/a>estimates that 55.4 percent of infants were circumcised at the end of 2007 compared with 64.7 percent in 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a multitude of reasons for this decline. It's \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000861\">speculated\u003c/a> that one of the main factors is the change in the makeup of race, ethnicity, and religious orientation in America over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do medical associations say?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most medical organizations we've surveyed take a middle-of-the-road approach, characterizing the procedure as essentially a choice \"in which there are potential benefits and risks.\" Here's what some have to say on the subject:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>American Academy of Pediatrics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Existing scientific evidence demonstrates potential medical benefits of newborn male circumcision; however, these data are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision. In circumstances in which there are potential benefits and risks, yet the procedure is not essential to the child's current well-being, parents should determine what is in the best interest of the child.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;103/3/686\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>National Institutes of Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The merits of circumcision have been debated. Opinions about the need for circumcision in healthy boys vary among health care providers. Some believe there is great value to having an intact foreskin, such as allowing for a more natural sexual response during adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than routinely recommending circumcision for healthy boys, many health care providers allow the parents to make the decision after presenting them with the pros and cons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no compelling medical rationale for the procedure in healthy boys, although some boys have a medical condition requiring circumcision.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002998.htm\">Read\u003c/a> more.\u003cbr>\nHowever, \u003ca href=\"http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2006/Pages/AMC12_06.aspx\">NIH\u003c/a> also notes that circumcision can help stop the spread of AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CDC\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe CDC have not issued a statement on circumcision, but one is in development, according to spokesman Scott Bryan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>British and Canadian Pediatric Associations\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBoth organizations says that circumcision is unnecessary as a routine procedure, but make allowances for cultural and religious reasons.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.bma.org.uk/ethics/consent_and_capacity/malecircumcision2006.jsp\">Read\u003c/a> the British Medical Association's statement\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/pregnancybabies/Circumcision.htm\">Read\u003c/a> the Canadian Paediatric Association's statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHO\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Male circumcision is one of the oldest and most common surgical procedures worldwide, and is undertaken for many reasons: religious, cultural, social and medical. There is conclusive evidence from observational data and three randomized controlled trials that circumcised men have a significantly lower risk of becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>WHO notes that \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack/en/index.html\">studies have shown\u003c/a> that circumcision can help prevent urinary tract infections, inflation of the glans and foreskin, penile cancer, some sexually transmitted diseases such as chancroid and syphilis, HIV, and from passing on HPV which causes cervical cancer to female partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also points out that circumcision can cause harm:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As with any surgical procedure, [circumcision] carries a risk of post-operative infection. In inexperienced hands, penile mutilation and even death can occur.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/entity/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack/en/index.html\">Read\u003c/a> more\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The HIV/AIDS Connection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/index.html\">WHO\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2006/Pages/AMC12_06.aspx\">NIH\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/circumcision.htm\">CDC\u003c/a> have concluded that circumcision can help stop the spread of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. However, the studies these organizations sponsored or reviewed have been interpreted differently, and are often the subject of criticism by anti-circumcision groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mgmbill.org/aids.htm\">Anti-circumcision\u003c/a> say the studies were flawed because they were stopped 1-2 years prematurely. The scientists involved in the studies, however, say they ended the research because the evidence was sufficiently conclusive, and that it would be unethical to continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents also say that variations seen between two analysis of the same data lowers the credibility of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WHO and the CDC note that circumcision should not be considered the only way to stop the spread of AIDS. Both organizations promote condom use and sex education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC also cautions that the results of the studies in Africa can not necessarily be applied to United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED will continue to cover the conversation around circumcision as we approach November.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30240\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 298px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumcision0608.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-30240\" title=\"circumcision0608\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumcision0608.jpg\" alt=\"Or Chaim Nagar, eight-days-old, lies in his stroller after his circumcision. David Silverman/Getty\" width=\"298\" height=\"210\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Or Chaim Nagar, eight-days-old, lies in his stroller after his circumcision. David Silverman/Getty\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Debate has \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">erupted\u003c/a> over a November ballot initiative in San Francisco that aims to ban circumcision of minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to ethical and religious concerns, the health implications of circumcision (and non-circumcision) are also part of the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But before we examine that debate, let's start with some basics.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>So, what would the bill do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If passed, the proposed bill, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org/Site/Home.html\">Male Genital Mutilation\u003c/a>, would make it \"unlawful to circumcise, excise, cut, or mutilate the whole or any part of the foreskin, testicles, or penis of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would provide an exemption if there is a \"a clear, compelling, and immediate medical need with no less-destructive alternative treatment available.\" It would not create a religious exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If someone was caught performing a circumcision, it would be a misdemeanor charge with a maximum of a $1,000 fine, or no more than a year of imprisonment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->The San Francisco initiative was written by Matthew Hess, who has also written a federal version, 46 state versions, and another ballot initiative in Santa Monica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hess says that the bills are modeled on existing federal and state female genital mutilation laws, which is why much of the language is similar to those statutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can read all the bills at \u003ca href=\"mgmbill.org\">MGMbill.org\u003c/a>, an anti-circumcision organization run by Hess and 15 others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hess declined our request for an interview, but he got us in touch with Lloyd Schofield, who in addition to \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">speaking with us\u003c/a>, has spoken to many other media outlets on the subject.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Who, where, and how often?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The World Health Organization \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241596169/en/\">estimates\u003c/a> that about 30 percent of men worldwide are circumcised. Both Jewish and Muslim groups often circumcise their boys. So while many Americans are circumcised, many countries in the Middle East have similar if not higher rates. Muslim men make up about two-thirds of all men circumcised in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of circumcised men is growing worldwide, predominantly in Africa because of some \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/reproductivehealth/publications/rtis/9789241596169/en/\">new studies\u003c/a> linking being uncircumcised to the spread of HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culturally, circumcision was never much of a thing in Europe, so rates are much lower there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/circumcision.htm\">found\u003c/a> that 79 percent of adult males in the U.S. report being circumcised, but, according to WHO circumcision is \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack/en/index.html\">declining\u003c/a> in America. The CDC confirms this in its most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/circumcision.htm\">analysis\u003c/a>, which shows that there was a decline in newborn circumcision, from 60 percent in 1998 to 55 percent in 2005. Also, the most recent \u003ca href=\"http://nchspressroom.wordpress.com/category/national-hospital-discharge-survey/\">National Hospital Discharge Survey \u003c/a>estimates that 55.4 percent of infants were circumcised at the end of 2007 compared with 64.7 percent in 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a multitude of reasons for this decline. It's \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0000861\">speculated\u003c/a> that one of the main factors is the change in the makeup of race, ethnicity, and religious orientation in America over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What do medical associations say?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most medical organizations we've surveyed take a middle-of-the-road approach, characterizing the procedure as essentially a choice \"in which there are potential benefits and risks.\" Here's what some have to say on the subject:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>American Academy of Pediatrics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Existing scientific evidence demonstrates potential medical benefits of newborn male circumcision; however, these data are not sufficient to recommend routine neonatal circumcision. In circumstances in which there are potential benefits and risks, yet the procedure is not essential to the child's current well-being, parents should determine what is in the best interest of the child.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://aappolicy.aappublications.org/cgi/content/full/pediatrics;103/3/686\">Read more.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>National Institutes of Health\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The merits of circumcision have been debated. Opinions about the need for circumcision in healthy boys vary among health care providers. Some believe there is great value to having an intact foreskin, such as allowing for a more natural sexual response during adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than routinely recommending circumcision for healthy boys, many health care providers allow the parents to make the decision after presenting them with the pros and cons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no compelling medical rationale for the procedure in healthy boys, although some boys have a medical condition requiring circumcision.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002998.htm\">Read\u003c/a> more.\u003cbr>\nHowever, \u003ca href=\"http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2006/Pages/AMC12_06.aspx\">NIH\u003c/a> also notes that circumcision can help stop the spread of AIDS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>CDC\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe CDC have not issued a statement on circumcision, but one is in development, according to spokesman Scott Bryan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>British and Canadian Pediatric Associations\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBoth organizations says that circumcision is unnecessary as a routine procedure, but make allowances for cultural and religious reasons.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.bma.org.uk/ethics/consent_and_capacity/malecircumcision2006.jsp\">Read\u003c/a> the British Medical Association's statement\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.caringforkids.cps.ca/pregnancybabies/Circumcision.htm\">Read\u003c/a> the Canadian Paediatric Association's statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WHO\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Male circumcision is one of the oldest and most common surgical procedures worldwide, and is undertaken for many reasons: religious, cultural, social and medical. There is conclusive evidence from observational data and three randomized controlled trials that circumcised men have a significantly lower risk of becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>WHO notes that \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack/en/index.html\">studies have shown\u003c/a> that circumcision can help prevent urinary tract infections, inflation of the glans and foreskin, penile cancer, some sexually transmitted diseases such as chancroid and syphilis, HIV, and from passing on HPV which causes cervical cancer to female partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also points out that circumcision can cause harm:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As with any surgical procedure, [circumcision] carries a risk of post-operative infection. In inexperienced hands, penile mutilation and even death can occur.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/entity/hiv/pub/malecircumcision/infopack/en/index.html\">Read\u003c/a> more\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The HIV/AIDS Connection\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/hiv/topics/malecircumcision/en/index.html\">WHO\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2006/Pages/AMC12_06.aspx\">NIH\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/resources/factsheets/circumcision.htm\">CDC\u003c/a> have concluded that circumcision can help stop the spread of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. However, the studies these organizations sponsored or reviewed have been interpreted differently, and are often the subject of criticism by anti-circumcision groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://mgmbill.org/aids.htm\">Anti-circumcision\u003c/a> say the studies were flawed because they were stopped 1-2 years prematurely. The scientists involved in the studies, however, say they ended the research because the evidence was sufficiently conclusive, and that it would be unethical to continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents also say that variations seen between two analysis of the same data lowers the credibility of the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WHO and the CDC note that circumcision should not be considered the only way to stop the spread of AIDS. Both organizations promote condom use and sex education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CDC also cautions that the results of the studies in Africa can not necessarily be applied to United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED will continue to cover the conversation around circumcision as we approach November.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I’ve yet to meet the class act able to resist the compulsion to pun when first mentioning the controversial \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org./Site/Home.html\">circumcision ban\u003c/a> proposed in San Francisco. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/05/18/circumcision-ban-makes-will-be-on-sf-ballot/\">Guilty\u003c/a>, by the way.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30201\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30201\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at George Washington University Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pedestrian cleverness aside, it’s pretty clear by now that this is a volatile issue. Questions of religious freedom and perceived \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/nov05election/detail?entry_id=90251\">anti-semitism\u003c/a> have entered the debate, provoking emotional responses on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, The California Report’s Rachael Myrow interviewed Lloyd Schofield, the San Francisco resident who is the official proponent of the circumcision ban that has qualified for the November ballot. The interview, I think, provides an interesting window into the thinking behind anti-circumcision advocates. The interview is followed by one with a First Amendment lawyer who specializes in defending religious practices, who thinks that the bill, even if it passes, is going nowhere fast, because of the heavy burden courts have placed on legislation attempting to restrict the free exercise of religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydinvolve.mp3\">\u003cem>Lloyd Schofield on how he became involved in the anti-circumcision movement\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydinvolve.mp3|titles=circumlloydinvolve]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>About two years ago, Schofield noticed advocates at various events and began to study the issue. He gradually became more involved. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydpersonal.mp3\">\u003cem>Lloyd Schofield on whether he’s circumcised\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydpersonal.mp3|titles=circumlloydpersonal]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield doesn’t want to answer the question because he doesn’t want to make the issue personal. He thinks the decision to be circumcised should be the choice of each male when he’s over 18 years old.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydbris1.mp3\">\u003cem>Schofield on the question of the Jewish ritual of the bris\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydbris1.mp3|titles=circumlloydbris]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield says that many Jews are supportive of the movement. He says that for many who get their sons circumcised, the ceremony has no religious significance.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydsf.mp3\">\u003cem>On the failure to interest anyone on the Board of Supervisors\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydsf.mp3|titles=circumlloydsf]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Proponents decided to try the ban in San Francisco, because of the city’s history in protecting animals from harm. But there was no interest among the Board of Supervisors in taking up the legislation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloyslegal2.mp3\">\u003cem>On the legality of the law and the lack of a religious exemption\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloyslegal2.mp3|titles=circumlloyslegal2]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield believes it would be discriminatory to leave males born into religious families subject to exemption from the ban. He also thinks including a religious exemption would make the law toothless. As to the question of the likelihood of the law not passing legal scrutiny, Schofield believes the procedure is so violent that it should be equated with female genital mutilation, which is outlawed. Thus, he believes that any ban should be ruled legal under the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause\">Equal Protection Clause \u003c/a> of the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It should be noted that Lloyd Schofield himself didn’t write the circumcision ban — that was done by Matthew Hess of \u003ca href=\"http://mgmbill.org/\">MGMBill.org\u003c/a>, an organization that proposes local, state, and federal legislation — so far to no success – outlawing circumcision. (Hess is also the creator of an online comic called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.foreskinman.com/\">Foreskin Man\u003c/a>,” which \u003ca href=\"http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jun/08/sensitive-issue-san-diegan-center-national-circumc/\">some have called\u003c/a> anti-semitic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bills are modeled on existing federal and state female genital mutilation laws, so much of the language is similar to those statutes,” Hess wrote Rachael Myrow in an email. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Martin Nussbaum, a First Amendment attorney from Colorado Springs whose law firm represents religious institutions nationwide, thinks it extremely unlikely that the ban, even if it did pass, would be upheld by the courts. Listen to Rachael Myrow’s interview with Nussbaum below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumLawyer1.mp3\">\u003cem>Attorney Martin Nussbaum says these anti-circumcision bills are illegal on their face\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumLawyer1.mp3|titles=circumLawyer1]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nussbaum says these bans are no more constitutional than those that might outlaw baptism because of the risk of drowning. He says the laws run afoul of many constitutional values.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer2.mp3\">\u003cem>Nussbaum describes the constitutional problems with the law\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer2.mp3|titles=circumlawyer2]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nussbaum says the ban is illegal under both the California constitution and the First Amendment. The court would have to asses whether the government’s interest in a ban is of the highest order, which is unlikely. Also, in its declaration that religious belief specifically won’t be taken into account in making exceptions, the bill targets religion, Nussbaum says, and is on its face unconstitutional. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer3.mp3\">\u003cem>Nussbaum describes some the precedents under which other attempts to criminalize religious practices have failed\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer3.mp3|titles=circumlawyer3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A number of precedents have been established in which the courts have ruled against the outlawing of certain religious rites or practices. When the interest of government in banning certain religiously motivated actions, such as keeping children out of school, the free exercise of religion has usually been found to be more compelling. Thus, under a variety of legal doctrines, the circumcision ban is very unlikely to pass constitutional muster.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Also today, on KQED’s Forum radio show, Rachael Myrow hosted an hour-long discussion covering the different aspects of the issue. Lloyd Schofield appeared with Abby Michelson Porth, associate director of the Jewish Community Relations Council, part of a coalition opposing the measure; and Laurence Baskin, chief of pediatric urology at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">Listen\u003c/a> below\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also quite a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">\u003cstrong>discussion going on\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> in the Forum comments section. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Related:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/06/08/BA5P1JQG19.DTL\">Santa Monica won’t vote on circumcision\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’ve yet to meet the class act able to resist the compulsion to pun when first mentioning the controversial \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org./Site/Home.html\">circumcision ban\u003c/a> proposed in San Francisco. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/05/18/circumcision-ban-makes-will-be-on-sf-ballot/\">Guilty\u003c/a>, by the way.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30201\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30201\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at George Washington University Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pedestrian cleverness aside, it’s pretty clear by now that this is a volatile issue. Questions of religious freedom and perceived \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/nov05election/detail?entry_id=90251\">anti-semitism\u003c/a> have entered the debate, provoking emotional responses on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, The California Report’s Rachael Myrow interviewed Lloyd Schofield, the San Francisco resident who is the official proponent of the circumcision ban that has qualified for the November ballot. The interview, I think, provides an interesting window into the thinking behind anti-circumcision advocates. The interview is followed by one with a First Amendment lawyer who specializes in defending religious practices, who thinks that the bill, even if it passes, is going nowhere fast, because of the heavy burden courts have placed on legislation attempting to restrict the free exercise of religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydinvolve.mp3\">\u003cem>Lloyd Schofield on how he became involved in the anti-circumcision movement\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>About two years ago, Schofield noticed advocates at various events and began to study the issue. He gradually became more involved. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydpersonal.mp3\">\u003cem>Lloyd Schofield on whether he’s circumcised\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield doesn’t want to answer the question because he doesn’t want to make the issue personal. He thinks the decision to be circumcised should be the choice of each male when he’s over 18 years old.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydbris1.mp3\">\u003cem>Schofield on the question of the Jewish ritual of the bris\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield says that many Jews are supportive of the movement. He says that for many who get their sons circumcised, the ceremony has no religious significance.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydsf.mp3\">\u003cem>On the failure to interest anyone on the Board of Supervisors\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Proponents decided to try the ban in San Francisco, because of the city’s history in protecting animals from harm. But there was no interest among the Board of Supervisors in taking up the legislation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloyslegal2.mp3\">\u003cem>On the legality of the law and the lack of a religious exemption\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield believes it would be discriminatory to leave males born into religious families subject to exemption from the ban. He also thinks including a religious exemption would make the law toothless. As to the question of the likelihood of the law not passing legal scrutiny, Schofield believes the procedure is so violent that it should be equated with female genital mutilation, which is outlawed. Thus, he believes that any ban should be ruled legal under the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause\">Equal Protection Clause \u003c/a> of the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It should be noted that Lloyd Schofield himself didn’t write the circumcision ban — that was done by Matthew Hess of \u003ca href=\"http://mgmbill.org/\">MGMBill.org\u003c/a>, an organization that proposes local, state, and federal legislation — so far to no success – outlawing circumcision. (Hess is also the creator of an online comic called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.foreskinman.com/\">Foreskin Man\u003c/a>,” which \u003ca href=\"http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jun/08/sensitive-issue-san-diegan-center-national-circumc/\">some have called\u003c/a> anti-semitic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bills are modeled on existing federal and state female genital mutilation laws, so much of the language is similar to those statutes,” Hess wrote Rachael Myrow in an email. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Martin Nussbaum, a First Amendment attorney from Colorado Springs whose law firm represents religious institutions nationwide, thinks it extremely unlikely that the ban, even if it did pass, would be upheld by the courts. Listen to Rachael Myrow’s interview with Nussbaum below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumLawyer1.mp3\">\u003cem>Attorney Martin Nussbaum says these anti-circumcision bills are illegal on their face\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nussbaum says these bans are no more constitutional than those that might outlaw baptism because of the risk of drowning. He says the laws run afoul of many constitutional values.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer2.mp3\">\u003cem>Nussbaum describes the constitutional problems with the law\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nussbaum says the ban is illegal under both the California constitution and the First Amendment. The court would have to asses whether the government’s interest in a ban is of the highest order, which is unlikely. Also, in its declaration that religious belief specifically won’t be taken into account in making exceptions, the bill targets religion, Nussbaum says, and is on its face unconstitutional. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer3.mp3\">\u003cem>Nussbaum describes some the precedents under which other attempts to criminalize religious practices have failed\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A number of precedents have been established in which the courts have ruled against the outlawing of certain religious rites or practices. When the interest of government in banning certain religiously motivated actions, such as keeping children out of school, the free exercise of religion has usually been found to be more compelling. Thus, under a variety of legal doctrines, the circumcision ban is very unlikely to pass constitutional muster.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Also today, on KQED’s Forum radio show, Rachael Myrow hosted an hour-long discussion covering the different aspects of the issue. Lloyd Schofield appeared with Abby Michelson Porth, associate director of the Jewish Community Relations Council, part of a coalition opposing the measure; and Laurence Baskin, chief of pediatric urology at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">Listen\u003c/a> below\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also quite a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">\u003cstrong>discussion going on\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> in the Forum comments section. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Related:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/06/08/BA5P1JQG19.DTL\">Santa Monica won’t vote on circumcision\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Why do I get the sense that by early November, the entire world is going to be focusing on whether or not the San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/05/18/circumcision-ban-makes-will-be-on-sf-ballot/\">circumcision ban\u003c/a> passes? And that until then, the puns are going to be coming fast and furious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AP is already on the case, producing a three-minute video on the story and weighing in with this bon mot: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voters in San Francisco may soon decide to \u003cem>cut out\u003c/em> circumcision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"303\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/Bcn3wjecsfU\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Well it was nip and tuck for awhile, but the circumcision ban has finally made it to the San Francisco ballot. From Bay City News:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A proposal to criminalize male circumcision will go before San Francisco voters this November after the Department of Elections verified Tuesday that supporters have gathered enough signatures to place the measure on the ballot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the circumcision ban submitted 12,271 signatures to the city’s Department of Elections, which was able to verify 7,743 of them, a clerk with the department said today. The measure needed a minimum of 7,168 to qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizer of the campaign, Lloyd Schofield, has said he believes male circumcision is wrong, and likens it to female circumcision practices already banned in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local religious groups have strongly opposed the proposal, which they say impinges on their constitutional rights to religious freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would punish people who circumcise a minor with a fine of up to $1,000 or up to a year in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schofield said today of the certification, “Obviously we’re very pleased, it was a lot of work for a lot of people … and we look forward to continuing that outreach and discussion with the people of San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nHere is the initiative’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org./Site/Home.html\">web site\u003c/a>, which includes the proposed law’s exact language: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>ARTICLE 50: GENITAL CUTTING OF MALE MINORS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5001. PROHIBITION OF GENITAL CUTTING OF MALE MINORS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except as provided in SEC. 5002, it is unlawful to circumcise, excise, cut, or mutilate the whole or any part of the foreskin, testicles, or penis of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5002. EXCEPTIONS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(a) A surgical operation is not a violation of this section if the operation is necessary to the physical health of the person on whom it is performed because of a clear, compelling, and immediate medical need with no less-destructive alternative treatment available, and is performed by a person licensed in the place of its performance as a medical practitioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(b) In applying subsection (a), no account shall be taken of the effect on the person on whom the operation is to be performed of any belief on the part of that or any other person that the operation is required as a matter of custom or ritual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5003. PENALTY.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any person who violates any provisions of this Article shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction such person shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $1,000 or by imprisonment in the County Jail for a period not to exceed one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And that’s the long and the short of it…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Well it was nip and tuck for awhile, but the circumcision ban has finally made it to the San Francisco ballot. From Bay City News:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A proposal to criminalize male circumcision will go before San Francisco voters this November after the Department of Elections verified Tuesday that supporters have gathered enough signatures to place the measure on the ballot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the circumcision ban submitted 12,271 signatures to the city’s Department of Elections, which was able to verify 7,743 of them, a clerk with the department said today. The measure needed a minimum of 7,168 to qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizer of the campaign, Lloyd Schofield, has said he believes male circumcision is wrong, and likens it to female circumcision practices already banned in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local religious groups have strongly opposed the proposal, which they say impinges on their constitutional rights to religious freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would punish people who circumcise a minor with a fine of up to $1,000 or up to a year in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schofield said today of the certification, “Obviously we’re very pleased, it was a lot of work for a lot of people … and we look forward to continuing that outreach and discussion with the people of San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nHere is the initiative’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org./Site/Home.html\">web site\u003c/a>, which includes the proposed law’s exact language: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>ARTICLE 50: GENITAL CUTTING OF MALE MINORS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5001. PROHIBITION OF GENITAL CUTTING OF MALE MINORS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except as provided in SEC. 5002, it is unlawful to circumcise, excise, cut, or mutilate the whole or any part of the foreskin, testicles, or penis of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5002. EXCEPTIONS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(a) A surgical operation is not a violation of this section if the operation is necessary to the physical health of the person on whom it is performed because of a clear, compelling, and immediate medical need with no less-destructive alternative treatment available, and is performed by a person licensed in the place of its performance as a medical practitioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(b) In applying subsection (a), no account shall be taken of the effect on the person on whom the operation is to be performed of any belief on the part of that or any other person that the operation is required as a matter of custom or ritual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5003. PENALTY.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any person who violates any provisions of this Article shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction such person shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $1,000 or by imprisonment in the County Jail for a period not to exceed one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And that’s the long and the short of it…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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