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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Zoë Quinn is a video game developer who was one of several women in the industry targeted by online harassment campaigns using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_controversy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Gamergate\u003c/a>. The harassment started after an ex-boyfriend published a disparaging blog post about Quinn, and as it spread online, her detractors multiplied, leading to the public posting of her address, the hacking of her internet accounts, and numerous rape and death threats. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This edited excerpt is from Quinn’s book “CRASH OVERRIDE: How Gamergate (Nearly) Destroyed My Life, and How We Can Win the Fight Against Online Hate,” published in September 2017 by PublicAffairs, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has ever expressed an opinion on the internet knows, it’s not all sunshine and rainbows. Every rose has its thorn, and every news story has its comments section. As the internet has graduated out of nerds’ basements and into the mainstream, its formerly separate communities have come in closer and closer contact. For years, the people who preferred hanging out in small subcultural message boards and interest-based communities stayed pretty isolated, but with the advent of social media, the people who wind up on “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Catch_a_Predator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">To Catch a Predator\u003c/a>” now have accounts on Twitter, Facebook et al., alongside your sweet grandma — assuming your grandmother hasn’t been caught trying to lure kids into a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you stick mainly to mainstream sites, you’ve probably seen glimpses of the internet’s underbelly in the notorious comments sections at the bottom of news articles. The article could be about a local man saving a box of kittens from a burning building, but no matter: The comments will accuse him of hating dogs, setting the building on fire in the first place, and secretly being Barack Obama’s Kenyan uncle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably wondered two things: Who are these people, and what the hell is going on here?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Override Network\u003c/a> — organization dedicated to fighting online abuse and providing assistance to victims, co-founded by Zoë Quinn. Includes automated \u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/coach.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cybersecurity helper\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>My teenaged obsession with shock sites like \u003ca href=\"https://theoutline.com/post/2549/rotten-com-is-offline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rotten.com\u003c/a> started a lifelong hobby of spelunking through the weird pockets of the internet. This exploration taught me a lot (and, uh . . . showed me a lot) and exposed the fact that internet culture is essentially a magnificent patchwork of specific subcultures — good, bad and strange as hell. For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible, often without consent. For every community of angsty kids who pretend they are secretly vampires, there are seven different forums of white nationalists who sincerely believe that Jewish people are secretly vampires. For every geeky and silly toy collector’s community, there are forums full of dudes collecting upskirt photos of random women and girls who had no idea they were about to become porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-438546\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-160x243.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-240x365.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-375x570.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-520x790.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\">\u003c/a>Attempting to explain anonymous message-board culture to the uninitiated is a lot like trying to explain an inside joke — you can lay out the particulars, but it won’t carry the same weight or meaning. It’s complicated and difficult to parse, like most things about internet culture, but here’s a brief overview. Opened in 1999, a Japanese site called 2channel was the first board in this genre. An anonymous board where admins are virtually nonexistent, this site has enabled corporate whistleblowing as well as frank, open exchanges about taboo subjects like mental health and sexuality. Alongside these generally positive discussions, the boards are teeming with slander, hate speech, porn, nationalism, and general unchecked terribleness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2channel’s American counterpart is 4chan, an image board launched by a 15-year-old boy in 2003. Fourteen years later, 4chan is a hugely influential force on the internet: “the ground zero of Western web culture,” as one journalist put it. Most of the memes you see on social media were invented there — everything from \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/lolcats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LOLCats\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rickroll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rickrolling\u003c/a>. It’s also a breeding ground for not-so-cute things, including a hoax hashtag with the goal of getting young girls to #CutForBieber, campaigns to troll the social media of dead teenagers, and murderers occasionally posting pictures of their victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reddit has an even larger version of this problem, in both size and scope. Calling itself the “front page of the internet” and clocking in at 36 million user accounts, Reddit allows anyone to create a “subreddit,” a discussion area dedicated to any subculture or interest on its site. This model has allowed mentally ill people to find community without stigma, locals to exchange highly specific information about what’s good in their neighborhoods, and even President Obama to hop online and answer readers’ questions. But, like 4chan, it’s also been a hotbed for communities founded on hatred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddit isn’t as anonymous as 4chan — users must create accounts and can be banned — but the site was created with a sort of free-speech absolutism in mind. Before it was shut down, the subreddit /r/Jailbait was a board for sharing sexualized pictures of underaged girls, and “jailbait” was the second-most-popular search term leading people to Reddit. Reddit users voted Jailbait the Best Subreddit of 2008, with double the number of votes received by the runner-up. It took six years and multiple public scandals to finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-r-jailbait-shutdown-controversy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">close it\u003c/a>. Reddit has only recently started banning other repugnant subreddits, including hateful and blatantly racist forums, though many of them live on and new ones spring up constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/10/04/zoe-quinn-on-gamergate-fighting-online-harassment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zoë Quinn on KQED Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Poorly moderated anonymous communities can have the capricious morality of any mob. In 2009, when two videos featuring the physical abuse of a domestic cat named Dusty by a person calling himself “Timmy” were posted on YouTube, the 4chan community tracked down the originator of the videos and passed his details on to the local police department. The suspect was arrested, and the cat was treated by a veterinarian and taken to a safe place. This kind of “internet detectivery” has been banned from many traditional online forums outside 4chan. It’s invasive, it’s sometimes used simply to intimidate or harass people, and the mob is often wrong, with very real consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you consider how a tendency for vigilante action might manifest itself in a community founded on hating people together, you can see how the results might turn scary. Stormfront, a message board for white supremacists, was founded by former Ku Klux Klan leader Don Black in 1995 and had more than 300,000 users as of May 2015. Calling it “the Web’s first and best-known hate site,” the Southern Poverty Law Center’s March 2014 intelligence report stated, “Stormfront users have been disproportionately responsible for some of the most lethal hate crimes and mass killings since the site was put up in 1995. In the past five years alone, Stormfront members have murdered close to 100 people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This escalation from hate speech to real action isn’t unique to Stormfront’s user base. Before embarking on a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/26/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shooting spree\u003c/a> that killed six and injured 14, Elliot Rodger posted a video on several internet forums dedicated to hating women, discussing the deeply misogynist and racist motives for his rampage. He namechecked one of these sites in his manifesto, saying he had discovered “a forum full of men who are starved of sex, just like me.” The forum had “confirmed many of the theories I had about how wicked and degenerate women really are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-e1516148809366.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoe Quinn (right), with Anita Sarkeesian, also a #Gamergate target, were guest speakers at the introduction of a UN report called ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2015/cyber_violence_gender%20report.pdf?v=1&d=20150924T154259\">Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls: A World-Wide Wake-Up Call\u003c/a>.’ \u003ccite>(UN Women/Ryan Brown)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bad Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one piece of advice that most often gets passed around to anyone who experiences harassment or abuse on the internet: “Don’t feed the trolls.” This maxim is passed off as gospel and is applied across the board, whether you’re a kid getting into your very first Facebook argument or an experienced developer dealing with death threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This advice is wrong. Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of behavior is not just about terrorizing you; it’s about control. It’s about making you want to disappear, instilling fear and limiting your possibilities. It’s about punishing you for stepping out of line. It’s about isolating and hurting you in specific ways to provoke a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In my case, it became obvious that my attackers’ dream was to get me to stop “feeding the trolls” and shut up. They didn’t want to tease me; they wanted me gone. There were countless forms of harassment — the same channels that I had used to talk with friends, grow my business, and share weird videos were now full of threats, slurs, and all manner of nastiness. It escalated to include sexual or violent images with my face Photoshopped into them. My inbox started to fill up with pictures of women being raped. As strangers stalked through everything I had said or done online since I was 12, looking for more ammo, lies and conspiracy theories about me snowballed into weirder and more extreme accusations. These would then be blasted out widely, and also directly to my colleagues in games. Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tools of Abuse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to have a single person going after you with all of the above tactics; it’s something else entirely when a community forms around doing so. The networked nature of the internet doesn’t just make it easier for stalkers to find you; it also makes it easier for them to find each other. These tools of abuse serve both as an attack in and of themselves and as a rallying cry. They’re meant to be shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you’re the target of abuse like this, you’re basically screwed. Not only does the scope of abuse that you face increase exponentially with every single signal boost from a new member of the mob, but all of the good things about the web’s ability to bring people together are turned against you. The same techniques that people have used to organize important grassroots movements can be used by people trying to destroy someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”mlpZZdvOLAdS7bEg7MHbtPNH4WgpVTAX”]Attacking you becomes a participatory game in which people try to one-up each other in terms of who can get to you the most. In my case, I was struck by how many of the threats or disgusting remarks sent my way were made so publicly, usually while tagging other people. The ones that were especially vicious were rewarded with likes, shares, and people joining in on the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This phenomenon is often referred to as “dogpiling.” The cool remix culture that facilitates the spread of fanart and memes suddenly becomes a powerful tool to hurt someone. Photos and videos of you are Photoshopped to label you a whore or to make you look uglier or fatter and then shared the same way cute pictures of cats are. Memes are easily co-opted by other people, who made reams of almost propaganda-like images with my face Photoshopped onto them. It wasn’t really about me anymore. The mob was engaging in a performative group activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of community building is quite deliberate and direct. As the 4chan threads kept growing in size and the mob gained momentum, I noticed that a chatroom had sprung up in the original posts. The chatroom participants worked as a team to try to discover personal information about everyone connected to me, referring to it as “digging” and sharing form letters and tactics on how to best alert anyone in my life that I was a horrible slut. They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They shared elaborate fantasies about raping and murdering me, discussing the pros and cons of each. They talked about how to break into all of my accounts to try to find more ways to invade my privacy. They bragged about victories like flooding my game’s page with hatred and nude photos of me and went so far as to create guides to share tactics on how best to ruin my life. They even orchestrated plans to donate to various charities specifically to make themselves look like concerned citizens and not a mob of people trying to get me killed. They built friendships and bonded with each other by reinforcing their dedication to the righteous cause of taking me down, reminding themselves at every turn that they were the good guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A mob has more tools at its disposal than individual actors do. Popularity — the quantity of clicks or views on any given page — is tracked and exploited by algorithms online, and a mob is a critical mass. If thousands of people are linking to something about you, that will quickly become the first thing people see when they Google your name, regardless of whether it’s a fact-checked news article or a video about what a bitch you are. Many sites allow their user base to vote on what is good content and what’s garbage, and mobs manipulate these systems to their targets’ detriment. There are also services that direct people away from sketchy websites that contain viruses, and the mob had flooded such services with false reports to make my websites and social media accounts inaccessible. My cohorts and I call this “brigading” — when people manipulate online systems to force their target into silence or hurt the person. Mass false reporting is a common tool to try to make the legitimate sites belonging to targets of online abuse vanish, as many systems are automated to react to a large volume of reports. Law enforcement agencies and government bodies like the IRS have online reporting systems that can also be manipulated this way by a mob.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a game designer, I can spot a game being played. And the more people who join in on the “fun,” the faster you become an abstract concept for your aggressors to hate. This might sound sort of comforting or like a way to defang the attacks, but in reality, it’s the opposite — this “game” is another way that you are dehumanized, and it makes it easier for a mob to grow its ranks and escalate its attacks. You’re just data, and data doesn’t bleed. You’re a symbol, and hating you can become part of someone’s identity, just as any other hobby might. Just as they would in a game, they are always trying to make their numbers go up. And plenty of the witch hunters advance from amateur to professional.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Zoë Quinn is a video game developer who was one of several women in the industry targeted by online harassment campaigns using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_controversy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Gamergate\u003c/a>. The harassment started after an ex-boyfriend published a disparaging blog post about Quinn, and as it spread online, her detractors multiplied, leading to the public posting of her address, the hacking of her internet accounts, and numerous rape and death threats. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This edited excerpt is from Quinn’s book “CRASH OVERRIDE: How Gamergate (Nearly) Destroyed My Life, and How We Can Win the Fight Against Online Hate,” published in September 2017 by PublicAffairs, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has ever expressed an opinion on the internet knows, it’s not all sunshine and rainbows. Every rose has its thorn, and every news story has its comments section. As the internet has graduated out of nerds’ basements and into the mainstream, its formerly separate communities have come in closer and closer contact. For years, the people who preferred hanging out in small subcultural message boards and interest-based communities stayed pretty isolated, but with the advent of social media, the people who wind up on “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Catch_a_Predator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">To Catch a Predator\u003c/a>” now have accounts on Twitter, Facebook et al., alongside your sweet grandma — assuming your grandmother hasn’t been caught trying to lure kids into a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you stick mainly to mainstream sites, you’ve probably seen glimpses of the internet’s underbelly in the notorious comments sections at the bottom of news articles. The article could be about a local man saving a box of kittens from a burning building, but no matter: The comments will accuse him of hating dogs, setting the building on fire in the first place, and secretly being Barack Obama’s Kenyan uncle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably wondered two things: Who are these people, and what the hell is going on here?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Override Network\u003c/a> — organization dedicated to fighting online abuse and providing assistance to victims, co-founded by Zoë Quinn. Includes automated \u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/coach.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cybersecurity helper\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>My teenaged obsession with shock sites like \u003ca href=\"https://theoutline.com/post/2549/rotten-com-is-offline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rotten.com\u003c/a> started a lifelong hobby of spelunking through the weird pockets of the internet. This exploration taught me a lot (and, uh . . . showed me a lot) and exposed the fact that internet culture is essentially a magnificent patchwork of specific subcultures — good, bad and strange as hell. For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible, often without consent. For every community of angsty kids who pretend they are secretly vampires, there are seven different forums of white nationalists who sincerely believe that Jewish people are secretly vampires. For every geeky and silly toy collector’s community, there are forums full of dudes collecting upskirt photos of random women and girls who had no idea they were about to become porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-438546\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-160x243.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-240x365.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-375x570.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-520x790.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\">\u003c/a>Attempting to explain anonymous message-board culture to the uninitiated is a lot like trying to explain an inside joke — you can lay out the particulars, but it won’t carry the same weight or meaning. It’s complicated and difficult to parse, like most things about internet culture, but here’s a brief overview. Opened in 1999, a Japanese site called 2channel was the first board in this genre. An anonymous board where admins are virtually nonexistent, this site has enabled corporate whistleblowing as well as frank, open exchanges about taboo subjects like mental health and sexuality. Alongside these generally positive discussions, the boards are teeming with slander, hate speech, porn, nationalism, and general unchecked terribleness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2channel’s American counterpart is 4chan, an image board launched by a 15-year-old boy in 2003. Fourteen years later, 4chan is a hugely influential force on the internet: “the ground zero of Western web culture,” as one journalist put it. Most of the memes you see on social media were invented there — everything from \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/lolcats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LOLCats\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rickroll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rickrolling\u003c/a>. It’s also a breeding ground for not-so-cute things, including a hoax hashtag with the goal of getting young girls to #CutForBieber, campaigns to troll the social media of dead teenagers, and murderers occasionally posting pictures of their victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reddit has an even larger version of this problem, in both size and scope. Calling itself the “front page of the internet” and clocking in at 36 million user accounts, Reddit allows anyone to create a “subreddit,” a discussion area dedicated to any subculture or interest on its site. This model has allowed mentally ill people to find community without stigma, locals to exchange highly specific information about what’s good in their neighborhoods, and even President Obama to hop online and answer readers’ questions. But, like 4chan, it’s also been a hotbed for communities founded on hatred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddit isn’t as anonymous as 4chan — users must create accounts and can be banned — but the site was created with a sort of free-speech absolutism in mind. Before it was shut down, the subreddit /r/Jailbait was a board for sharing sexualized pictures of underaged girls, and “jailbait” was the second-most-popular search term leading people to Reddit. Reddit users voted Jailbait the Best Subreddit of 2008, with double the number of votes received by the runner-up. It took six years and multiple public scandals to finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-r-jailbait-shutdown-controversy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">close it\u003c/a>. Reddit has only recently started banning other repugnant subreddits, including hateful and blatantly racist forums, though many of them live on and new ones spring up constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/10/04/zoe-quinn-on-gamergate-fighting-online-harassment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zoë Quinn on KQED Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Poorly moderated anonymous communities can have the capricious morality of any mob. In 2009, when two videos featuring the physical abuse of a domestic cat named Dusty by a person calling himself “Timmy” were posted on YouTube, the 4chan community tracked down the originator of the videos and passed his details on to the local police department. The suspect was arrested, and the cat was treated by a veterinarian and taken to a safe place. This kind of “internet detectivery” has been banned from many traditional online forums outside 4chan. It’s invasive, it’s sometimes used simply to intimidate or harass people, and the mob is often wrong, with very real consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you consider how a tendency for vigilante action might manifest itself in a community founded on hating people together, you can see how the results might turn scary. Stormfront, a message board for white supremacists, was founded by former Ku Klux Klan leader Don Black in 1995 and had more than 300,000 users as of May 2015. Calling it “the Web’s first and best-known hate site,” the Southern Poverty Law Center’s March 2014 intelligence report stated, “Stormfront users have been disproportionately responsible for some of the most lethal hate crimes and mass killings since the site was put up in 1995. In the past five years alone, Stormfront members have murdered close to 100 people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This escalation from hate speech to real action isn’t unique to Stormfront’s user base. Before embarking on a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/26/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shooting spree\u003c/a> that killed six and injured 14, Elliot Rodger posted a video on several internet forums dedicated to hating women, discussing the deeply misogynist and racist motives for his rampage. He namechecked one of these sites in his manifesto, saying he had discovered “a forum full of men who are starved of sex, just like me.” The forum had “confirmed many of the theories I had about how wicked and degenerate women really are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-e1516148809366.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoe Quinn (right), with Anita Sarkeesian, also a #Gamergate target, were guest speakers at the introduction of a UN report called ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2015/cyber_violence_gender%20report.pdf?v=1&d=20150924T154259\">Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls: A World-Wide Wake-Up Call\u003c/a>.’ \u003ccite>(UN Women/Ryan Brown)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bad Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one piece of advice that most often gets passed around to anyone who experiences harassment or abuse on the internet: “Don’t feed the trolls.” This maxim is passed off as gospel and is applied across the board, whether you’re a kid getting into your very first Facebook argument or an experienced developer dealing with death threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This advice is wrong. Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of behavior is not just about terrorizing you; it’s about control. It’s about making you want to disappear, instilling fear and limiting your possibilities. It’s about punishing you for stepping out of line. It’s about isolating and hurting you in specific ways to provoke a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In my case, it became obvious that my attackers’ dream was to get me to stop “feeding the trolls” and shut up. They didn’t want to tease me; they wanted me gone. There were countless forms of harassment — the same channels that I had used to talk with friends, grow my business, and share weird videos were now full of threats, slurs, and all manner of nastiness. It escalated to include sexual or violent images with my face Photoshopped into them. My inbox started to fill up with pictures of women being raped. As strangers stalked through everything I had said or done online since I was 12, looking for more ammo, lies and conspiracy theories about me snowballed into weirder and more extreme accusations. These would then be blasted out widely, and also directly to my colleagues in games. Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tools of Abuse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to have a single person going after you with all of the above tactics; it’s something else entirely when a community forms around doing so. The networked nature of the internet doesn’t just make it easier for stalkers to find you; it also makes it easier for them to find each other. These tools of abuse serve both as an attack in and of themselves and as a rallying cry. They’re meant to be shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you’re the target of abuse like this, you’re basically screwed. Not only does the scope of abuse that you face increase exponentially with every single signal boost from a new member of the mob, but all of the good things about the web’s ability to bring people together are turned against you. The same techniques that people have used to organize important grassroots movements can be used by people trying to destroy someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Attacking you becomes a participatory game in which people try to one-up each other in terms of who can get to you the most. In my case, I was struck by how many of the threats or disgusting remarks sent my way were made so publicly, usually while tagging other people. The ones that were especially vicious were rewarded with likes, shares, and people joining in on the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This phenomenon is often referred to as “dogpiling.” The cool remix culture that facilitates the spread of fanart and memes suddenly becomes a powerful tool to hurt someone. Photos and videos of you are Photoshopped to label you a whore or to make you look uglier or fatter and then shared the same way cute pictures of cats are. Memes are easily co-opted by other people, who made reams of almost propaganda-like images with my face Photoshopped onto them. It wasn’t really about me anymore. The mob was engaging in a performative group activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of community building is quite deliberate and direct. As the 4chan threads kept growing in size and the mob gained momentum, I noticed that a chatroom had sprung up in the original posts. The chatroom participants worked as a team to try to discover personal information about everyone connected to me, referring to it as “digging” and sharing form letters and tactics on how to best alert anyone in my life that I was a horrible slut. They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They shared elaborate fantasies about raping and murdering me, discussing the pros and cons of each. They talked about how to break into all of my accounts to try to find more ways to invade my privacy. They bragged about victories like flooding my game’s page with hatred and nude photos of me and went so far as to create guides to share tactics on how best to ruin my life. They even orchestrated plans to donate to various charities specifically to make themselves look like concerned citizens and not a mob of people trying to get me killed. They built friendships and bonded with each other by reinforcing their dedication to the righteous cause of taking me down, reminding themselves at every turn that they were the good guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A mob has more tools at its disposal than individual actors do. Popularity — the quantity of clicks or views on any given page — is tracked and exploited by algorithms online, and a mob is a critical mass. If thousands of people are linking to something about you, that will quickly become the first thing people see when they Google your name, regardless of whether it’s a fact-checked news article or a video about what a bitch you are. Many sites allow their user base to vote on what is good content and what’s garbage, and mobs manipulate these systems to their targets’ detriment. There are also services that direct people away from sketchy websites that contain viruses, and the mob had flooded such services with false reports to make my websites and social media accounts inaccessible. My cohorts and I call this “brigading” — when people manipulate online systems to force their target into silence or hurt the person. Mass false reporting is a common tool to try to make the legitimate sites belonging to targets of online abuse vanish, as many systems are automated to react to a large volume of reports. Law enforcement agencies and government bodies like the IRS have online reporting systems that can also be manipulated this way by a mob.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a game designer, I can spot a game being played. And the more people who join in on the “fun,” the faster you become an abstract concept for your aggressors to hate. This might sound sort of comforting or like a way to defang the attacks, but in reality, it’s the opposite — this “game” is another way that you are dehumanized, and it makes it easier for a mob to grow its ranks and escalate its attacks. You’re just data, and data doesn’t bleed. You’re a symbol, and hating you can become part of someone’s identity, just as any other hobby might. Just as they would in a game, they are always trying to make their numbers go up. And plenty of the witch hunters advance from amateur to professional.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Expanding broadband internet access to low-income communities has been a priority for San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo for some time now. So it came as a surprise in late January when he \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/25/san-jose-mayor-liccardo-resigns-from-fcc-broadband-advisory-board/\">quit\u003c/a> a Federal Communications Commission committee charged with improving access nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s apparent that ultimately the FCC is in the industry’s pocket and has no intention of doing anything to expand digital access,” Liccardo said shortly after the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the internet is a driving force behind life in the Bay Area, for many low-income families in East San Jose, it’s still not easy to get online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get an idea of what this problem looks like, Gabriel Hernandez takes me for a walk through a neighborhood in East San Jose. Hernandez works for Somos Mayfair, a social service nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guarantee if we went down this street, you’d probably find maybe five houses that have a computer in the house,” Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the residents in this neighborhood are Latino and working class. Hernandez says that for those he works with, it’s hard to think about paying for the internet when they’re in survival mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Families have to make those choices. Do I eat? Do I pay rent? Or do I pay the phone?” Hernandez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luiz Mendoza, 51, lives in this neighborhood, in a rented room with four of her children. She fled a domestic violence situation and is raising all of her kids on a salary she earns as a child care worker. The family shares two cellphones — they don’t have a computer. This is a major pain for Mendoza’s 15-year-old daughter, Annette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I need homework in email and sometimes I can’t get it because I don’t have Wi-Fi,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette uses a hot spot on her mother’s phone to get on the internet. But doing research or using Google Slides on a tiny phone screen is hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes the hot spot is just really slow and doesn’t let you work on it, and so sometimes you just have to miss it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette sometimes skips lunch to do her work in the school’s computer lab. She admits there are times when she just doesn’t do it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette’s story is more common than we might realize, says Shireen Santosham, chief innovation officer for the city of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy percent of homework is done online, so what you’re doing is cutting out opportunities for onramps for those children,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santosham and her staff conducted a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Digital20Inclusion20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> with Stanford University and found that 28 percent of families living in the city don’t have access to broadband internet. Most of those families are living below the poverty line, making less than $15,000 a year. Santosham says they’re trying to combat this by bringing in more competition. AT&T and Comcast are the two main companies that provide internet service in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting more competition for the private sector to come in and lower prices and compete against each other, that will result in bringing down the cost and getting more people on the services,” Santosham says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Comcast launched a new service in San Jose for low-income families — offering internet for as low as $10 a month. The study found that for many families, $10 is still too much to pay. And some argue at this lowest tier the internet is so slow it’s sometimes useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11647047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11647047 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RamosFamily-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Ramos with his mother, Rodio, and sister, Catherine, outside their home in East San Jose. Anthony says their internet access is so slow, it sometimes prohibits him from completing his homework. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is the case for the Ramos family. They recently signed up for that low-cost internet service with Comcast, but 11-year-old Anthony Ramos says trying to work online with his classmates can be excruciating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just a day ago they asked me to be in a group chat, but when I get on the internet it’s very slow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramos says it can take several minutes for a page to load, so instead he uses the internet at school or a community center to do his homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do most of my social studies homework over there because my internet here is not that good,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools, libraries and community centers are good options, says the city. As part of a digital inclusion plan, the city is working on outreach efforts to let more people know about them. The city also wants to expand its free Wi-Fi network to places like East San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this is to make certain that everyone who lives in the heart of Silicon Valley can be connected.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Expanding broadband internet access to low-income communities has been a priority for San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo for some time now. So it came as a surprise in late January when he \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/25/san-jose-mayor-liccardo-resigns-from-fcc-broadband-advisory-board/\">quit\u003c/a> a Federal Communications Commission committee charged with improving access nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s apparent that ultimately the FCC is in the industry’s pocket and has no intention of doing anything to expand digital access,” Liccardo said shortly after the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the internet is a driving force behind life in the Bay Area, for many low-income families in East San Jose, it’s still not easy to get online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get an idea of what this problem looks like, Gabriel Hernandez takes me for a walk through a neighborhood in East San Jose. Hernandez works for Somos Mayfair, a social service nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guarantee if we went down this street, you’d probably find maybe five houses that have a computer in the house,” Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the residents in this neighborhood are Latino and working class. Hernandez says that for those he works with, it’s hard to think about paying for the internet when they’re in survival mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Families have to make those choices. Do I eat? Do I pay rent? Or do I pay the phone?” Hernandez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luiz Mendoza, 51, lives in this neighborhood, in a rented room with four of her children. She fled a domestic violence situation and is raising all of her kids on a salary she earns as a child care worker. The family shares two cellphones — they don’t have a computer. This is a major pain for Mendoza’s 15-year-old daughter, Annette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I need homework in email and sometimes I can’t get it because I don’t have Wi-Fi,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette uses a hot spot on her mother’s phone to get on the internet. But doing research or using Google Slides on a tiny phone screen is hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes the hot spot is just really slow and doesn’t let you work on it, and so sometimes you just have to miss it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette sometimes skips lunch to do her work in the school’s computer lab. She admits there are times when she just doesn’t do it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette’s story is more common than we might realize, says Shireen Santosham, chief innovation officer for the city of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy percent of homework is done online, so what you’re doing is cutting out opportunities for onramps for those children,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santosham and her staff conducted a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Digital20Inclusion20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> with Stanford University and found that 28 percent of families living in the city don’t have access to broadband internet. Most of those families are living below the poverty line, making less than $15,000 a year. Santosham says they’re trying to combat this by bringing in more competition. AT&T and Comcast are the two main companies that provide internet service in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting more competition for the private sector to come in and lower prices and compete against each other, that will result in bringing down the cost and getting more people on the services,” Santosham says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Comcast launched a new service in San Jose for low-income families — offering internet for as low as $10 a month. The study found that for many families, $10 is still too much to pay. And some argue at this lowest tier the internet is so slow it’s sometimes useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11647047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11647047 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RamosFamily-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Ramos with his mother, Rodio, and sister, Catherine, outside their home in East San Jose. Anthony says their internet access is so slow, it sometimes prohibits him from completing his homework. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is the case for the Ramos family. They recently signed up for that low-cost internet service with Comcast, but 11-year-old Anthony Ramos says trying to work online with his classmates can be excruciating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just a day ago they asked me to be in a group chat, but when I get on the internet it’s very slow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramos says it can take several minutes for a page to load, so instead he uses the internet at school or a community center to do his homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do most of my social studies homework over there because my internet here is not that good,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools, libraries and community centers are good options, says the city. As part of a digital inclusion plan, the city is working on outreach efforts to let more people know about them. The city also wants to expand its free Wi-Fi network to places like East San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this is to make certain that everyone who lives in the heart of Silicon Valley can be connected.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When you get surprised by one of those Amber Alerts on your cellphone, that’s a wireless emergency alert. But they aren’t just used for child abduction cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government agencies can contact wireless providers and ask them to override cellphones in a specific geographic area, and send out a message that you can’t ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Communications Commission passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/wireless-emergency-alerts-wea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new rules\u003c/a> Tuesday to make those wireless emergency alerts more effective and fix some of the technical problems that Sonoma County officials say hampered their rescue efforts during the October wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials did not use wireless emergency alerts in Sonoma, Napa or Mendocino counties during the October fires. Lake County did use the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Helgren, emergency manager for Sonoma County Fire and Emergency Services, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/25/north-bay-fires-what-took-authorities-so-long-to-warn-people/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defended his decision\u003c/a> not to use the alerts, saying that they were too geographically broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”kMO7YE1X4SaTieWGXgO5FfBGjHc0nC9k”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules from the Federal Communications Commission, which take effect on Nov. 30, 2019, require wireless providers to deliver emergency alerts to a more geographically precise area than before, up to one-tenth of a mile from the target area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FCC Chairman Ajit Pai said this would fix the problem raised by California officials in the wake of the wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They cited fears that the alert would also have gone out to people not in harm’s way, potentially provoking a mass exodus that could clog the road and prevent those actually in danger from reaching safety,” Pai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the October fires Sonoma County officials relied on two different kinds of alerts to notify residents of evacuations and other information. Unlike wireless emergency alerts, SoCo Alert and Nixle are both opt-in, and many fire victims have said they had no warning of the wildfires approaching their neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new rules, the messages also have to remain available for 24 hours after receipt, or until the consumer chooses to delete the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of May 1, 2019, wireless providers also will have to support sending messages in Spanish, and expand the length of alerts from 90 to 360 characters.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you get surprised by one of those Amber Alerts on your cellphone, that’s a wireless emergency alert. But they aren’t just used for child abduction cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Government agencies can contact wireless providers and ask them to override cellphones in a specific geographic area, and send out a message that you can’t ignore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Communications Commission passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.fcc.gov/consumers/guides/wireless-emergency-alerts-wea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new rules\u003c/a> Tuesday to make those wireless emergency alerts more effective and fix some of the technical problems that Sonoma County officials say hampered their rescue efforts during the October wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials did not use wireless emergency alerts in Sonoma, Napa or Mendocino counties during the October fires. Lake County did use the service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Helgren, emergency manager for Sonoma County Fire and Emergency Services, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/25/north-bay-fires-what-took-authorities-so-long-to-warn-people/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defended his decision\u003c/a> not to use the alerts, saying that they were too geographically broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules from the Federal Communications Commission, which take effect on Nov. 30, 2019, require wireless providers to deliver emergency alerts to a more geographically precise area than before, up to one-tenth of a mile from the target area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FCC Chairman Ajit Pai said this would fix the problem raised by California officials in the wake of the wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They cited fears that the alert would also have gone out to people not in harm’s way, potentially provoking a mass exodus that could clog the road and prevent those actually in danger from reaching safety,” Pai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the October fires Sonoma County officials relied on two different kinds of alerts to notify residents of evacuations and other information. Unlike wireless emergency alerts, SoCo Alert and Nixle are both opt-in, and many fire victims have said they had no warning of the wildfires approaching their neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the new rules, the messages also have to remain available for 24 hours after receipt, or until the consumer chooses to delete the message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of May 1, 2019, wireless providers also will have to support sending messages in Spanish, and expand the length of alerts from 90 to 360 characters.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 12:50 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SACRAMENTO -- Lawmakers approved an official audit of California's high-speed rail project Tuesday with the goal of understanding whether the ambitious infrastructure plan can be completed on time and without more dramatic cost increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we are all trying to do is to get past all of the noise, to get past all of the politics, to get down into a thorough audit that is going to give us a very good heads-up as to what is coming and what has happened,\" said Republican Assemblyman Jim Patterson of Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patterson requested the audit, along with Democratic Sen. Jim Beall of San Jose. The bullet train is projected to first connect the Central Valley to Silicon Valley before eventually going down to Los Angeles. It has been plagued by delays and cost overruns, with the California High-Speed Rail Authority recently announcing a $3 billion jump in costs in the Central Valley alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State auditor Elaine Howle said her evaluation would take six to nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans on the audit committee offered a more critical take of the project and whether it can realistically be up and running without needing state subsidies to operate. As Democrats backed the audit, they highlighted the project's benefits, including the roughly 1,500 construction jobs it has created in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I look forward to the rest of the state realizing the benefits that are happening in my community,\" said Democratic Assemblyman Joaquin Arambula, who represents part of Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Richard, chairman of the California High-Speed Rail Authority's board of directors, said he welcomes the transparency the audit will bring and that the authority will implement its recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's critical that the public maintain their confidence in our ability to do this,\" he said. \"I think the public confidence will be sustained if they know, well, you've done some things well, but these things need to be improved and you're doing that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters approved $10 billion in bonds in 2008 to help finance a train that could take people from Los Angeles to San Francisco in less than three hours. Then, the project was estimated to cost about $40 billion. Now, the costs are upward of $65 billion. The timeline of the project has changed, too, with the authority switching and building north first instead of south in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new business plan is due to lawmakers this spring. It is likely to offer updated costs and a new timeline, as well as an evaluation of whether the operating costs of the train can be paid for without state subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawmakers' audit request comes as the authority brings on a new chief executive officer, Brian Kelly, most recently the head of California's state transportation agency. The lawmakers said an audit would help ensure \"effective management\" of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond looking at the cost and the timeline, Howle, the auditor, will evaluate the economic benefits of the project to communities where it is being built and whether the train will meet its sustainability goals to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The auditing team will also examine the authority's process for approving changes to contracts. The board has updated contracts on numerous occasions, often adding more money due to delays from lawsuits or trouble gaining rights of way or environmental approvals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republican lawmakers said they wanted to see the audit's scope go even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every red flag that you could raise about a public works project is raised with high-speed rail,\" said Republican Assemblywoman Catharine Baker of Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown defended the project in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/25/gov-jerry-brown-celebrates-victories-in-final-state-of-the-state-address/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his State of the State address\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans on the audit committee offered a more critical take of the project and whether it can realistically be up and running without needing state subsidies to operate. As Democrats backed the audit, they highlighted the project's benefits, including the roughly 1,500 construction jobs it has created in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I look forward to the rest of the state realizing the benefits that are happening in my community,\" said Democratic Assemblyman Joaquin Arambula, who represents part of Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Richard, chairman of the California High-Speed Rail Authority's board of directors, said he welcomes the transparency the audit will bring and that the authority will implement its recommendations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's critical that the public maintain their confidence in our ability to do this,\" he said. \"I think the public confidence will be sustained if they know, well, you've done some things well, but these things need to be improved and you're doing that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters approved $10 billion in bonds in 2008 to help finance a train that could take people from Los Angeles to San Francisco in less than three hours. Then, the project was estimated to cost about $40 billion. Now, the costs are upward of $65 billion. The timeline of the project has changed, too, with the authority switching and building north first instead of south in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new business plan is due to lawmakers this spring. It is likely to offer updated costs and a new timeline, as well as an evaluation of whether the operating costs of the train can be paid for without state subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawmakers' audit request comes as the authority brings on a new chief executive officer, Brian Kelly, most recently the head of California's state transportation agency. The lawmakers said an audit would help ensure \"effective management\" of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond looking at the cost and the timeline, Howle, the auditor, will evaluate the economic benefits of the project to communities where it is being built and whether the train will meet its sustainability goals to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The auditing team will also examine the authority's process for approving changes to contracts. The board has updated contracts on numerous occasions, often adding more money due to delays from lawsuits or trouble gaining rights of way or environmental approvals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republican lawmakers said they wanted to see the audit's scope go even further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every red flag that you could raise about a public works project is raised with high-speed rail,\" said Republican Assemblywoman Catharine Baker of Dublin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Gov. Jerry Brown defended the project in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/25/gov-jerry-brown-celebrates-victories-in-final-state-of-the-state-address/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">his State of the State address\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Amazon, Warren Buffett and JPMorgan are forming a new company to address the health care costs of their employees, sending shares of health care companies down sharply across the entire sector despite the vague nature of the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday Amazon's Jeff Bezos said that he, along with Buffet and JPMorgan, would attempt to make health care better for hundreds of thousands of their employees, and perhaps, eventually, the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were few details and those involved said the project is in the early planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ballooning costs of (health care) act as a hungry tapeworm on the American economy,\" said Buffett, the head of Berkshire Hathaway, in a prepared statement. \"Our group does not come to this problem with answers. But we also do not accept it as inevitable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new company will be independent and \"free from profit-making incentives and constraints.\" The businesses said the new venture's initial focus would be on technology that provides \"simplified, high-quality and transparent\" care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not clear if the ultimate goal is to eventually move beyond Amazon, Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan. However, JPMorgan Chairman and CEO Jaimie Dimon said, \"our goal is to create solutions that benefit our U.S. employees, their families and, potentially, all Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential disruption from three renowned innovators in technology and finance sent a shock wave through the health care sector, erasing billions in market capitalization in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six of the top ten companies with significant share declines on the Standard & Poor's 500 index were health care companies. Almost all companies in the health field were in retreat Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for a solution to the health care crises in the U.S. is intense. With about 151 million non-elderly people, employer-sponsored coverage is the largest part of the U.S. health insurance market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care costs for companies routinely rise faster than inflation and eat up bigger portions of their budgets. Americans are mired in a confusing system that creates a mix of prices in the same market for the same procedure or drug and offers no easy path for finding the best deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising costs of health care have dragged on U.S. companies, big and small, and employees are increasingly feeling that pain. Employers have hiked deductibles and other expenses for employees, meaning less spending power for almost all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 50 percent of companies with three to 49 employees offered coverage last year, according to the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation. That's down from 66 percent more than a decade ago. The federal Affordable Care Act requires all companies with 50 or more full-time employees to offer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, Berkshire and JP Morgan say they can bring their scale and \"complementary expertise\" to what they describe as a long-term campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's entry into the health market has been perceived as imminent, even though the company had announced nothing publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been watched very closely on Wall Street, which has seen Amazon disrupt numerous industries ranging from book stores to clothing chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, which mostly sold books when it was founded more than 20 years ago, has radically altered the way in which people buy diapers, toys or paper towels. Most recently it has upended the grocery sector, spending $14 billion last year for Whole Foods Market Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP writer Joseph Pisani contributed to this report from New York. Murphy reported from Indianapolis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amazon, Warren Buffett and JPMorgan are forming a new company to address the health care costs of their employees, sending shares of health care companies down sharply across the entire sector despite the vague nature of the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday Amazon's Jeff Bezos said that he, along with Buffet and JPMorgan, would attempt to make health care better for hundreds of thousands of their employees, and perhaps, eventually, the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were few details and those involved said the project is in the early planning stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ballooning costs of (health care) act as a hungry tapeworm on the American economy,\" said Buffett, the head of Berkshire Hathaway, in a prepared statement. \"Our group does not come to this problem with answers. But we also do not accept it as inevitable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new company will be independent and \"free from profit-making incentives and constraints.\" The businesses said the new venture's initial focus would be on technology that provides \"simplified, high-quality and transparent\" care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not clear if the ultimate goal is to eventually move beyond Amazon, Buffett's Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan. However, JPMorgan Chairman and CEO Jaimie Dimon said, \"our goal is to create solutions that benefit our U.S. employees, their families and, potentially, all Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential disruption from three renowned innovators in technology and finance sent a shock wave through the health care sector, erasing billions in market capitalization in seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six of the top ten companies with significant share declines on the Standard & Poor's 500 index were health care companies. Almost all companies in the health field were in retreat Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The need for a solution to the health care crises in the U.S. is intense. With about 151 million non-elderly people, employer-sponsored coverage is the largest part of the U.S. health insurance market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health care costs for companies routinely rise faster than inflation and eat up bigger portions of their budgets. Americans are mired in a confusing system that creates a mix of prices in the same market for the same procedure or drug and offers no easy path for finding the best deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rising costs of health care have dragged on U.S. companies, big and small, and employees are increasingly feeling that pain. Employers have hiked deductibles and other expenses for employees, meaning less spending power for almost all Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 50 percent of companies with three to 49 employees offered coverage last year, according to the nonprofit Kaiser Family Foundation. That's down from 66 percent more than a decade ago. The federal Affordable Care Act requires all companies with 50 or more full-time employees to offer it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, Berkshire and JP Morgan say they can bring their scale and \"complementary expertise\" to what they describe as a long-term campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's entry into the health market has been perceived as imminent, even though the company had announced nothing publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has been watched very closely on Wall Street, which has seen Amazon disrupt numerous industries ranging from book stores to clothing chains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon, which mostly sold books when it was founded more than 20 years ago, has radically altered the way in which people buy diapers, toys or paper towels. Most recently it has upended the grocery sector, spending $14 billion last year for Whole Foods Market Inc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP writer Joseph Pisani contributed to this report from New York. Murphy reported from Indianapolis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe, a target of frequent and aggressive criticism by President Donald Trump, abruptly stepped down from his position Monday ahead of his planned retirement this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 22-year veteran of the FBI, McCabe has been publicly and repeatedly lambasted over the past year by Trump, who has accused him of bias because of his wife’s political connections and an FBI investigation that produced no criminal charges against Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCabe, who has held a number of FBI leadership roles and been heavily involved in investigations into major crimes including the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, becomes eligible for retirement in a matter of weeks. FBI staff learned Monday that McCabe was leaving the bureau’s No. 2 post effective immediately, according to people who spoke only on condition of anonymity to discuss an internal personnel move. He is expected to retire with full pension benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The departure comes as FBI Director Christopher Wray makes changes to his senior leadership team, replacing two other top aides last week. Such changes are not unusual when a new director takes charge, but they are notable amid Trump’s public pressure on Wray to get rid of officials who were confidants of James Comey, whom he fired as FBI director last May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”6TmV2cHwXuFN1XKmHAwiiI7YHNLptMGV”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a message Monday to FBI employees, Wray said McCabe would be retiring on March 18 and denied that the move stemmed from political pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will not be swayed by political or other pressure in my decision-making,” Wray wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exit comes amid multiple ongoing investigations, including a Justice Department watchdog probe into the actions of McCabe and other top FBI officials during the Clinton email probe. In addition, special counsel Robert Mueller is investigating whether the Trump campaign improperly coordinated with Russia during the 2016 presidential election and whether Trump sought to obstruct the inquiry by, among other actions, firing Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCabe has been repeatedly assailed by Trump since the fall of 2016, when it was revealed that his wife had accepted campaign contributions from the political action committee of then-Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat and close Clinton ally, during a failed state Senate run. That episode is among the decisions under review by the Justice Department’s inspector general, which is expected to complete its report soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI has said McCabe received the necessary ethics approval, and that at the time of the contributions, he was not in a supervisory role on the Clinton email investigation. But that has not stopped Trump and Republicans in Congress from repeatedly asserting that McCabe, and other FBI officials, are partisan law enforcement officials harboring a bias against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to December news reports that McCabe would retire, the president wrote: “How can FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe, the man in charge, along with leakin’ James Comey, of the Phony Hillary Clinton investigation (including her 33,000 illegally deleted emails) be given $700,000 for wife’s campaign by Clinton Puppets during investigation?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/944665687292817415\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/889792764363276288\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another of the president’s tweets from last year said: “Why didn’t A.G. Sessions replace Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe, a Comey friend who was in charge of Clinton investigation,” referring to Attorney General Jeff Sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders told reporters Monday that Trump was not part of the decision-making process but that he stood by his criticism of McCabe. Amid the tensions, Wray and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein traveled to the White House Monday to meet with chief of staff John Kelly, according to a senior White House official who was not authorized to discuss the meeting publicly and requested anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI’s No. 3 official, David Bowdich, has been named acting deputy director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though McCabe has pushed back against White House narratives that Comey was not well-liked within the bureau, and that an ongoing FBI investigation into Trump campaign ties to Russia was not a significant matter for the FBI, he has not publicly discussed in detail his interactions with Trump or shared any personal observations of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could change upon his departure from the FBI. Comey, for instance, after his firing authorized a close friend to share with reporters details of his own encounters with the president that he said troubled him. And former CIA Director John Brennan and James Clapper, the retired director of national intelligence, have been outspoken about their own views of Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”C5F8HDS0LVAvO0GIqrWRmPcvWchjpAU7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCabe became deputy director in 2016 following earlier jobs running the FBI’s Washington field office and serving as head of its national security branch. A Duke University-educated lawyer, he joined the FBI in 1996 and worked on organized crime in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He took over as acting director following Trump’s May 9 firing of Comey, and was among the officials interviewed for the position, which ultimately went to Wray, a former Justice Department official. The Washington Post reported last week that Trump asked McCabe whom he had voted for in the presidential election. Trump has said he does not recall asking that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCabe’s defenders call him a thoughtful, intelligent and committed career agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe is, and has been, a dedicated public servant who has served this country well,” former Attorney General Eric Holder tweeted Monday. “Bogus attacks on the FBI and DOJ to distract attention from a legitimate criminal inquiry does long term, unnecessary damage to these foundations of our government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days after Comey’s firing, McCabe appeared at a congressional hearing and contradicted a White House assertion that Comey had lost the support of FB rank-and-file. He declared, “I can tell you that the majority, the vast majority of FBI employees, enjoyed a deep and positive connection to Director Comey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of the more dramatic exchanges of the day, he was asked whether the Trump-Russia investigation was a small matter in relation to the other work the FBI is conducting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sir,” he told Sen. Angus King of Maine, “we consider it to be a highly significant investigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Zeke Miller and Jill Colvin contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe, a target of frequent and aggressive criticism by President Donald Trump, abruptly stepped down from his position Monday ahead of his planned retirement this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 22-year veteran of the FBI, McCabe has been publicly and repeatedly lambasted over the past year by Trump, who has accused him of bias because of his wife’s political connections and an FBI investigation that produced no criminal charges against Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCabe, who has held a number of FBI leadership roles and been heavily involved in investigations into major crimes including the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing, becomes eligible for retirement in a matter of weeks. FBI staff learned Monday that McCabe was leaving the bureau’s No. 2 post effective immediately, according to people who spoke only on condition of anonymity to discuss an internal personnel move. He is expected to retire with full pension benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The departure comes as FBI Director Christopher Wray makes changes to his senior leadership team, replacing two other top aides last week. Such changes are not unusual when a new director takes charge, but they are notable amid Trump’s public pressure on Wray to get rid of officials who were confidants of James Comey, whom he fired as FBI director last May.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a message Monday to FBI employees, Wray said McCabe would be retiring on March 18 and denied that the move stemmed from political pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I will not be swayed by political or other pressure in my decision-making,” Wray wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exit comes amid multiple ongoing investigations, including a Justice Department watchdog probe into the actions of McCabe and other top FBI officials during the Clinton email probe. In addition, special counsel Robert Mueller is investigating whether the Trump campaign improperly coordinated with Russia during the 2016 presidential election and whether Trump sought to obstruct the inquiry by, among other actions, firing Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCabe has been repeatedly assailed by Trump since the fall of 2016, when it was revealed that his wife had accepted campaign contributions from the political action committee of then-Virginia Gov. Terry McAuliffe, a Democrat and close Clinton ally, during a failed state Senate run. That episode is among the decisions under review by the Justice Department’s inspector general, which is expected to complete its report soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI has said McCabe received the necessary ethics approval, and that at the time of the contributions, he was not in a supervisory role on the Clinton email investigation. But that has not stopped Trump and Republicans in Congress from repeatedly asserting that McCabe, and other FBI officials, are partisan law enforcement officials harboring a bias against him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Responding to December news reports that McCabe would retire, the president wrote: “How can FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe, the man in charge, along with leakin’ James Comey, of the Phony Hillary Clinton investigation (including her 33,000 illegally deleted emails) be given $700,000 for wife’s campaign by Clinton Puppets during investigation?”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Another of the president’s tweets from last year said: “Why didn’t A.G. Sessions replace Acting FBI Director Andrew McCabe, a Comey friend who was in charge of Clinton investigation,” referring to Attorney General Jeff Sessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders told reporters Monday that Trump was not part of the decision-making process but that he stood by his criticism of McCabe. Amid the tensions, Wray and Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein traveled to the White House Monday to meet with chief of staff John Kelly, according to a senior White House official who was not authorized to discuss the meeting publicly and requested anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FBI’s No. 3 official, David Bowdich, has been named acting deputy director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though McCabe has pushed back against White House narratives that Comey was not well-liked within the bureau, and that an ongoing FBI investigation into Trump campaign ties to Russia was not a significant matter for the FBI, he has not publicly discussed in detail his interactions with Trump or shared any personal observations of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could change upon his departure from the FBI. Comey, for instance, after his firing authorized a close friend to share with reporters details of his own encounters with the president that he said troubled him. And former CIA Director John Brennan and James Clapper, the retired director of national intelligence, have been outspoken about their own views of Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCabe became deputy director in 2016 following earlier jobs running the FBI’s Washington field office and serving as head of its national security branch. A Duke University-educated lawyer, he joined the FBI in 1996 and worked on organized crime in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He took over as acting director following Trump’s May 9 firing of Comey, and was among the officials interviewed for the position, which ultimately went to Wray, a former Justice Department official. The Washington Post reported last week that Trump asked McCabe whom he had voted for in the presidential election. Trump has said he does not recall asking that question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCabe’s defenders call him a thoughtful, intelligent and committed career agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“FBI Deputy Director Andrew McCabe is, and has been, a dedicated public servant who has served this country well,” former Attorney General Eric Holder tweeted Monday. “Bogus attacks on the FBI and DOJ to distract attention from a legitimate criminal inquiry does long term, unnecessary damage to these foundations of our government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two days after Comey’s firing, McCabe appeared at a congressional hearing and contradicted a White House assertion that Comey had lost the support of FB rank-and-file. He declared, “I can tell you that the majority, the vast majority of FBI employees, enjoyed a deep and positive connection to Director Comey.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of the more dramatic exchanges of the day, he was asked whether the Trump-Russia investigation was a small matter in relation to the other work the FBI is conducting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sir,” he told Sen. Angus King of Maine, “we consider it to be a highly significant investigation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writers Zeke Miller and Jill Colvin contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Locations and activity of U.S. military bases. Jogging and patrol routes of American soldiers. Experts say those details are among the GPS data shared by the exercise tracking company Strava, whose Heat Map reflects more than a billion exercise activities globally. The Pentagon says it's looking at adding new training and policies to address security concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recent data releases emphasize the need for situational awareness when members of the military share personal information,\" Pentagon spokesman Major Adrian J.T. Rankine-Galloway of the U.S. Marine Corps said in a statement about the implications of the Strava data that has made international headlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.strava.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Strava\u003c/a> — which includes an option for keeping users' workout data private — published the updated Heat Map late last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-based company calls itself \"the social network for athletes,\" saying that its mobile apps and website connect millions of people every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using data from fitness trackers such as the Fitbit, Strava's map shows millions of users' runs, walks and bike trips from 2015 to September 2017 — and in some countries, the activities of military and aid personnel are seen in stark contrast, as their outposts shine brightly among the comparative darkness of their surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Nrg8000/status/957318498102865920\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeming lapses in operational security highlighted by Strava's Heat Map were first pointed out by Nathan Ruser, a university student who studies the Middle East and security issues in Sydney, Australia. On Sunday, Ruser \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Nrg8000/status/957318498102865920\">tweeted about Strava's global Heat Map\u003c/a>, \"It looks very pretty, but not amazing for Op-Sec. U.S. bases are clearly identifiable and mappable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Ruser made his discovery largely because of his focus on Syria's section of the map, his finding prompted security experts to root through Strava's data, unearthing more activity at U.S. and other countries' bases in sensitive areas — and leading to questions of how an opposing force could possibly use the data. Likely U.S. and coalition forces' activities are seen in Afghanistan, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11646581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11646581\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d.jpg\" alt=\"Fitness data collected by the Strava exercise tracking company shows movements of personnel at U.S. and allied bases in Afghanistan and elsewhere, analysts say.\" width=\"760\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d.jpg 760w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fitness data collected by the Strava exercise tracking company shows movements of personnel at U.S. and allied bases in Afghanistan and elsewhere, analysts say. \u003ccite>(Strava Heat Map; Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Describing what he calls \"a security nightmare for governments around the world,\" foreign policy columnist Jeffrey Lewis describes for The Daily Beast how he used the Strava data to explore a missile command center in Taiwan whose location is meant to be secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thedailybeast.com/strava-fitness-tracker-app-exposes-taiwans-missile-command-center\">Lewis writes\u003c/a>, \"There are a number of avid Strava users who work there, ... jogging right by the parking lot where the missile launchers are parked.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explore the Strava data, analysts are comparing it alongside Google Maps' historical views and other resources, to see how potential military emplacements might have developed in recent years. And the U.S. isn't the only country whose operations could be put at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at a section of land in Yemen, researcher Aric Toler of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bellingcat.com/resources/how-tos/2018/01/29/strava-interpretation-guide/\">Belling Cat\u003c/a> highlights how the Strava data give new details about activity in Aden, where a Patriot missile system was reported to have been deployed early last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toler and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mr_Ghostly/status/957766932949815296\">other experts are also warning\u003c/a> against assuming that any fitness trackers being used in remote and/or contested areas are military — rather than a civilian or relief — operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Mr_Ghostly/status/957766932949815296\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the researcher who exposed the security concern, Ruser tells the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smh.com.au/national/anu-student-reveals-location-of-us-military-bases-20180129-h0pxxe.html\">Sydney Morning Herald\u003c/a>, \"I'm surprised at how much mainstream attention the map has gotten. I expected it to languish in wonk circles and open source circles until the U.S. government quietly fixed the problem, but instead it seems to have blown up a lot more than I would have thought.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Defense has taken notice, and is now reviewing its policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to NPR, Rankine-Galloway of the Pentagon said, \"We take matters like these very seriously and are reviewing the situation to determine if any additional training or guidance is required, and if any additional policy must be developed to ensure the continued safety of DoD personnel at home and abroad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pentagon+Reviews+GPS+Policies+After+Soldiers%27+Strava+Tracks+Are+Seemingly+Exposed&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Locations and activity of U.S. military bases. Jogging and patrol routes of American soldiers. Experts say those details are among the GPS data shared by the exercise tracking company Strava, whose Heat Map reflects more than a billion exercise activities globally. The Pentagon says it's looking at adding new training and policies to address security concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recent data releases emphasize the need for situational awareness when members of the military share personal information,\" Pentagon spokesman Major Adrian J.T. Rankine-Galloway of the U.S. Marine Corps said in a statement about the implications of the Strava data that has made international headlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.strava.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Strava\u003c/a> — which includes an option for keeping users' workout data private — published the updated Heat Map late last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-based company calls itself \"the social network for athletes,\" saying that its mobile apps and website connect millions of people every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using data from fitness trackers such as the Fitbit, Strava's map shows millions of users' runs, walks and bike trips from 2015 to September 2017 — and in some countries, the activities of military and aid personnel are seen in stark contrast, as their outposts shine brightly among the comparative darkness of their surroundings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The seeming lapses in operational security highlighted by Strava's Heat Map were first pointed out by Nathan Ruser, a university student who studies the Middle East and security issues in Sydney, Australia. On Sunday, Ruser \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Nrg8000/status/957318498102865920\">tweeted about Strava's global Heat Map\u003c/a>, \"It looks very pretty, but not amazing for Op-Sec. U.S. bases are clearly identifiable and mappable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while Ruser made his discovery largely because of his focus on Syria's section of the map, his finding prompted security experts to root through Strava's data, unearthing more activity at U.S. and other countries' bases in sensitive areas — and leading to questions of how an opposing force could possibly use the data. Likely U.S. and coalition forces' activities are seen in Afghanistan, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11646581\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11646581\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d.jpg\" alt=\"Fitness data collected by the Strava exercise tracking company shows movements of personnel at U.S. and allied bases in Afghanistan and elsewhere, analysts say.\" width=\"760\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d.jpg 760w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/strava-kabul_wide-c823daa584d0584aff531af836c48489cf1c2d8d-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fitness data collected by the Strava exercise tracking company shows movements of personnel at U.S. and allied bases in Afghanistan and elsewhere, analysts say. \u003ccite>(Strava Heat Map; Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Describing what he calls \"a security nightmare for governments around the world,\" foreign policy columnist Jeffrey Lewis describes for The Daily Beast how he used the Strava data to explore a missile command center in Taiwan whose location is meant to be secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.thedailybeast.com/strava-fitness-tracker-app-exposes-taiwans-missile-command-center\">Lewis writes\u003c/a>, \"There are a number of avid Strava users who work there, ... jogging right by the parking lot where the missile launchers are parked.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To explore the Strava data, analysts are comparing it alongside Google Maps' historical views and other resources, to see how potential military emplacements might have developed in recent years. And the U.S. isn't the only country whose operations could be put at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking at a section of land in Yemen, researcher Aric Toler of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bellingcat.com/resources/how-tos/2018/01/29/strava-interpretation-guide/\">Belling Cat\u003c/a> highlights how the Strava data give new details about activity in Aden, where a Patriot missile system was reported to have been deployed early last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Toler and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Mr_Ghostly/status/957766932949815296\">other experts are also warning\u003c/a> against assuming that any fitness trackers being used in remote and/or contested areas are military — rather than a civilian or relief — operation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>As for the researcher who exposed the security concern, Ruser tells the \u003ca href=\"http://www.smh.com.au/national/anu-student-reveals-location-of-us-military-bases-20180129-h0pxxe.html\">Sydney Morning Herald\u003c/a>, \"I'm surprised at how much mainstream attention the map has gotten. I expected it to languish in wonk circles and open source circles until the U.S. government quietly fixed the problem, but instead it seems to have blown up a lot more than I would have thought.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Defense has taken notice, and is now reviewing its policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to NPR, Rankine-Galloway of the Pentagon said, \"We take matters like these very seriously and are reviewing the situation to determine if any additional training or guidance is required, and if any additional policy must be developed to ensure the continued safety of DoD personnel at home and abroad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Pentagon+Reviews+GPS+Policies+After+Soldiers%27+Strava+Tracks+Are+Seemingly+Exposed&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Murder Suspect Said to Have Trained With Extremist Hate Group",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California man accused of killing a 19-year-old University of Pennsylvania student earlier this month is an avowed neo-Nazi and a member of one of the most notorious extremist groups in the country, according to three people with knowledge of the man’s recent activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man, Samuel Woodward, has been charged in Orange County with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/18/investigators-determining-whether-murder-in-orange-county-was-a-hate-crime/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">murdering Blaze Bernstein\u003c/a>, who went missing in early January while visiting his family over winter break. Prosecutors allege that Woodward stabbed Bernstein more than 20 times before burying his body in an Orange County park where it was eventually discovered. The two men had attended high school together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodward, 20, is set to be arraigned on Feb. 2 and has not yet entered a plea. Orange County prosecutors say they are examining the possibility that the killing was a hate crime — Bernstein was Jewish and openly gay — and some recent news reports have suggested that the alleged killer might hold far-right or even white supremacist political beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"mw56xNvI2KIIZ5XRubWnPAeYnkQQV2GG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, three people with detailed knowledge of Woodward’s recent past have been able to shed more light on the young man’s extremist activities. They said Woodward was a member of the Atomwaffen Division, an armed Fascist group with the ultimate aim of overthrowing the U.S. government through the use of terrorism and guerrilla warfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization, which celebrates Hitler and Charles Manson, has been tied to four other murders and an elaborate bomb plot over the past eight months. Experts who study right-wing extremist movements believe Atomwaffen’s commitment to violence has made it one of the more dangerous groups to emerge from the new wave of white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the three people who described Woodward’s affiliations are friends of his; the other is a former member of Atomwaffen Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica’s revelations about Woodward’s background add a new element to a murder case that has attracted considerable local and national news coverage. But they also raise fresh concerns about groups like Atomwaffen Division, shadowy outfits of uncertain size that appear capable of genuine harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodward joined the organization in early 2016 and later traveled to Texas to attend Atomwaffen meetings and a three-day training camp, which involved instruction in firearms, hand-to-hand combat, camping and survival skills, the former member said. ProPublica has obtained photographs of Woodward at an outdoor Atomwaffen meeting in the scrubby Texas countryside. One of the photos depicts Woodward and other members making straight-armed Nazi salutes while wearing skull masks. In other pictures, Woodward is unmasked and easily identifiable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"g2r8o9kpPajwq0fh0EvwgQCk0sAr4reV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young man is proficient with both handguns and assault rifles, according to one person who participated in the Texas training and watched him shoot. That person also said that Woodward helped organize a number of Atomwaffen members in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media posts and chat logs shared by Woodward’s friends show that he openly described himself as a “National Socialist” or Nazi. He “was as anti-Semitic as you can get,” according to one acquaintance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica contacted Orange County prosecutors regarding Woodward’s alleged neo-Nazi activities. Michelle Van Der Linden, a spokesperson for the District Attorney’s Office, said she couldn’t comment directly on the case, but said the investigation is ongoing, with detectives exploring all possible leads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodward told police Bernstein had tried to kiss him while they were in the park, according to a sealed affidavit obtained by the Orange County Register.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodward’s defense lawyer, Edward Munoz, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Bernstein’s parents spoke to reporters about the loss of their son, but said they were not interested in talking about any information they had on the investigation of his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Times quoted his mother, Jeanne Pepper Bernstein, as saying she had worried during her son’s life that he might be a target -- because he was small, and Jewish, and gay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was concerned sending him out into the big world,” she said. “But at some point you have to let go and they leave the nest and fly. I couldn’t protect him from everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atomwaffen started in 2015 and is estimated to have about 80 members scattered around the country in small cells; the former member said the group’s ranks have grown since the lethal and chaotic “Unite the Right” rally last summer in Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GKRwKi9MkBNWzqVjySBVdROaZ8ursjRq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many of the new white extremist groups have consciously avoided using Nazi imagery, Atomwaffen has done the opposite. The name can mean “Atomic Weapons” in German, and the organization embraces Third Reich iconography, including swastikas, the Totenkopf, or death’s head insignia, and SS lightning bolts. The group frequently produces YouTube videos featuring masked Atomwaffen members hiking through the backcountry and firing weapons. They’ve also \u003ca href=\"https://pewtube.com/user/GeneralFrancoPepe/3M9j8WC\">filmed themselves\u003c/a> burning the U.S. Constitution and setting fire to the American flag at an Atomwaffen “Doomsday Hatecamp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atomwaffen’s biggest inspiration seems to be James Mason, a long-time fascist who belonged to the American Nazi Party and later, during the 1970s, joined a more militant offshoot. During the 1980s, Mason published a newsletter called SIEGE, in which he eschewed political activism in favor of creating a new fascist regime through murder, small “lone wolf” terror attacks, and all-out war against the government. Mason also struck up a friendship with the late Charles Manson, who has become another hero for Atomwaffen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"BzJPrrj14PpA8zUDeObv1Fx0PT2Nc7ou\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization first gained a measure of national attention in May of last year, when 18-year-old Devon Arthurs, one of Atomwaffen’s founding members, was charged in state court in Tampa, Florida, with murdering two of his roommates, Andrew Oneschuk, 18, and Jeremy Himmelman, 22. Both victims were Atomwaffen loyalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The murders allegedly occurred after Arthurs traded Nazism for radical Islam. When police took Arthurs into custody, according to news accounts based on police reports, he claimed he had shot his former comrades because they had taunted him about his Muslim faith and plotted violent attacks to further their fascist agenda. Arthurs \u003ca href=\"http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article156164119.html\">told investigators\u003c/a> he killed Oneschuk and Himmelman “because they want to build a Fourth Reich.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Arthurs initially confessed to the killings, he has pleaded not guilty and the case is ongoing. In early January, a judge ordered a psychiatrist to determine whether Arthurs is mentally competent to stand trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"W4OAtwxikfJP9RnVPbN24C6QtufS3Q45\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When law enforcement searched the apartment in Tampa, Florida, where Arthurs and the others lived, they found firearms, a framed photograph of Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, rifles, ammunition, and a cooler full of a highly volatile explosive called HMTD. Investigators also discovered radioactive material in the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bomb-making material belonged to a fourth roommate, Atomwaffen leader Brandon Russell, a Florida National Guardsman. Arthurs told authorities that Russell had been planning to blow up a nuclear power plant near Miami. Earlier this month Russell pleaded guilty in federal district court in Tampa to illegal possession of explosives and was sentenced to five years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atomwaffen surfaced again in connection with a double homicide in Reston, Virginia, in December 2017. A 17-year-old neo-Nazi allegedly shot to death his girlfriend’s parents, Buckley Kuhn-Fricker and Scott Fricker, who had urged their daughter to break up with him. The accused, who shot himself as well but survived and remains hospitalized, was charged as a juvenile in state court in Virginia with two counts of homicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 17-year-old was a big fan of Atomwaffen and James Mason, \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/nicholas-giampa-neo-nazi-teenager-murder-girlfriends-parents-virginia_us_5a4d0797e4b0b0e5a7aa4780\">according to reporting by the Huffington Post\u003c/a>, which examined his social media trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former Atomwaffen member in contact with ProPublica said that the teen was more than a fan: He was in direct communication with the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their rhetoric is some of the most extreme we have seen,” said Joanna Mendelson, a senior researcher at the Anti-Defamation League’s Center on Extremism. The group, she said, views itself as the radical vanguard of the white supremacist movement, the front-line soldiers of an imminent race war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>ProPublica is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative newsroom. Sign up for their \u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/forms/newsletter_daily_email\">newsletter\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ali Winston, a reporting fellow with the Investigative Fund. Follow him on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/awinston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@awinston\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jake Hanrahan, a freelance journalist and filmmaker based in the United Kingdom. Follow him on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jake_hanrahan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@jake_hanrahan\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://pixel.propublica.org/pixel.js\">http://pixel.propublica.org/pixel.js\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California man accused of killing a 19-year-old University of Pennsylvania student earlier this month is an avowed neo-Nazi and a member of one of the most notorious extremist groups in the country, according to three people with knowledge of the man’s recent activities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man, Samuel Woodward, has been charged in Orange County with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/18/investigators-determining-whether-murder-in-orange-county-was-a-hate-crime/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">murdering Blaze Bernstein\u003c/a>, who went missing in early January while visiting his family over winter break. Prosecutors allege that Woodward stabbed Bernstein more than 20 times before burying his body in an Orange County park where it was eventually discovered. The two men had attended high school together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodward, 20, is set to be arraigned on Feb. 2 and has not yet entered a plea. Orange County prosecutors say they are examining the possibility that the killing was a hate crime — Bernstein was Jewish and openly gay — and some recent news reports have suggested that the alleged killer might hold far-right or even white supremacist political beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, three people with detailed knowledge of Woodward’s recent past have been able to shed more light on the young man’s extremist activities. They said Woodward was a member of the Atomwaffen Division, an armed Fascist group with the ultimate aim of overthrowing the U.S. government through the use of terrorism and guerrilla warfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization, which celebrates Hitler and Charles Manson, has been tied to four other murders and an elaborate bomb plot over the past eight months. Experts who study right-wing extremist movements believe Atomwaffen’s commitment to violence has made it one of the more dangerous groups to emerge from the new wave of white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the three people who described Woodward’s affiliations are friends of his; the other is a former member of Atomwaffen Division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica’s revelations about Woodward’s background add a new element to a murder case that has attracted considerable local and national news coverage. But they also raise fresh concerns about groups like Atomwaffen Division, shadowy outfits of uncertain size that appear capable of genuine harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodward joined the organization in early 2016 and later traveled to Texas to attend Atomwaffen meetings and a three-day training camp, which involved instruction in firearms, hand-to-hand combat, camping and survival skills, the former member said. ProPublica has obtained photographs of Woodward at an outdoor Atomwaffen meeting in the scrubby Texas countryside. One of the photos depicts Woodward and other members making straight-armed Nazi salutes while wearing skull masks. In other pictures, Woodward is unmasked and easily identifiable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The young man is proficient with both handguns and assault rifles, according to one person who participated in the Texas training and watched him shoot. That person also said that Woodward helped organize a number of Atomwaffen members in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media posts and chat logs shared by Woodward’s friends show that he openly described himself as a “National Socialist” or Nazi. He “was as anti-Semitic as you can get,” according to one acquaintance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ProPublica contacted Orange County prosecutors regarding Woodward’s alleged neo-Nazi activities. Michelle Van Der Linden, a spokesperson for the District Attorney’s Office, said she couldn’t comment directly on the case, but said the investigation is ongoing, with detectives exploring all possible leads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodward told police Bernstein had tried to kiss him while they were in the park, according to a sealed affidavit obtained by the Orange County Register.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woodward’s defense lawyer, Edward Munoz, did not immediately respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Bernstein’s parents spoke to reporters about the loss of their son, but said they were not interested in talking about any information they had on the investigation of his death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Angeles Times quoted his mother, Jeanne Pepper Bernstein, as saying she had worried during her son’s life that he might be a target -- because he was small, and Jewish, and gay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was concerned sending him out into the big world,” she said. “But at some point you have to let go and they leave the nest and fly. I couldn’t protect him from everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atomwaffen started in 2015 and is estimated to have about 80 members scattered around the country in small cells; the former member said the group’s ranks have grown since the lethal and chaotic “Unite the Right” rally last summer in Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While many of the new white extremist groups have consciously avoided using Nazi imagery, Atomwaffen has done the opposite. The name can mean “Atomic Weapons” in German, and the organization embraces Third Reich iconography, including swastikas, the Totenkopf, or death’s head insignia, and SS lightning bolts. The group frequently produces YouTube videos featuring masked Atomwaffen members hiking through the backcountry and firing weapons. They’ve also \u003ca href=\"https://pewtube.com/user/GeneralFrancoPepe/3M9j8WC\">filmed themselves\u003c/a> burning the U.S. Constitution and setting fire to the American flag at an Atomwaffen “Doomsday Hatecamp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atomwaffen’s biggest inspiration seems to be James Mason, a long-time fascist who belonged to the American Nazi Party and later, during the 1970s, joined a more militant offshoot. During the 1980s, Mason published a newsletter called SIEGE, in which he eschewed political activism in favor of creating a new fascist regime through murder, small “lone wolf” terror attacks, and all-out war against the government. Mason also struck up a friendship with the late Charles Manson, who has become another hero for Atomwaffen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization first gained a measure of national attention in May of last year, when 18-year-old Devon Arthurs, one of Atomwaffen’s founding members, was charged in state court in Tampa, Florida, with murdering two of his roommates, Andrew Oneschuk, 18, and Jeremy Himmelman, 22. Both victims were Atomwaffen loyalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The murders allegedly occurred after Arthurs traded Nazism for radical Islam. When police took Arthurs into custody, according to news accounts based on police reports, he claimed he had shot his former comrades because they had taunted him about his Muslim faith and plotted violent attacks to further their fascist agenda. Arthurs \u003ca href=\"http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article156164119.html\">told investigators\u003c/a> he killed Oneschuk and Himmelman “because they want to build a Fourth Reich.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Arthurs initially confessed to the killings, he has pleaded not guilty and the case is ongoing. In early January, a judge ordered a psychiatrist to determine whether Arthurs is mentally competent to stand trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When law enforcement searched the apartment in Tampa, Florida, where Arthurs and the others lived, they found firearms, a framed photograph of Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh, rifles, ammunition, and a cooler full of a highly volatile explosive called HMTD. Investigators also discovered radioactive material in the home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bomb-making material belonged to a fourth roommate, Atomwaffen leader Brandon Russell, a Florida National Guardsman. Arthurs told authorities that Russell had been planning to blow up a nuclear power plant near Miami. Earlier this month Russell pleaded guilty in federal district court in Tampa to illegal possession of explosives and was sentenced to five years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Atomwaffen surfaced again in connection with a double homicide in Reston, Virginia, in December 2017. A 17-year-old neo-Nazi allegedly shot to death his girlfriend’s parents, Buckley Kuhn-Fricker and Scott Fricker, who had urged their daughter to break up with him. The accused, who shot himself as well but survived and remains hospitalized, was charged as a juvenile in state court in Virginia with two counts of homicide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 17-year-old was a big fan of Atomwaffen and James Mason, \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/nicholas-giampa-neo-nazi-teenager-murder-girlfriends-parents-virginia_us_5a4d0797e4b0b0e5a7aa4780\">according to reporting by the Huffington Post\u003c/a>, which examined his social media trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former Atomwaffen member in contact with ProPublica said that the teen was more than a fan: He was in direct communication with the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their rhetoric is some of the most extreme we have seen,” said Joanna Mendelson, a senior researcher at the Anti-Defamation League’s Center on Extremism. The group, she said, views itself as the radical vanguard of the white supremacist movement, the front-line soldiers of an imminent race war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>ProPublica is a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative newsroom. Sign up for their \u003ca href=\"http://www.propublica.org/forms/newsletter_daily_email\">newsletter\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ali Winston, a reporting fellow with the Investigative Fund. Follow him on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/awinston\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@awinston\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jake Hanrahan, a freelance journalist and filmmaker based in the United Kingdom. Follow him on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jake_hanrahan\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@jake_hanrahan\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rain's Below Average and Snowpack Is Meager; But Don't Worry -- Things Are Going to Get Worse",
"title": "Rain's Below Average and Snowpack Is Meager; But Don't Worry -- Things Are Going to Get Worse",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]his Thursday, a crew from the California Department of Water Resources will drive up to a meadow above Lake Tahoe to measure how much snow is there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Media will be on hand to record the ritual, staged once a month between early January and May. The assembled reporters and camera-people will hear DWR's official pronouncement on the State of the Snowpack -- the snowpack and the moisture it contains being a key indicator of what kind of statewide water situation we're looking at in coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're not going out on a limb when we announce, 72 hours before the official measurement, that the snowpack is disappointingly meager and could well foretell a very challenging water year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources pumps out all kinds of data every day, including \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/snow/current/snow/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statewide snow statistics\u003c/a>. And ahead of the coming survey, \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the daily summary\u003c/a> of mountain recording stations from the Trinity Alps down to the south end of the Sierra Nevada shows the statewide snowpack at 30 percent of normal for Jan. 29 and 18 percent of the April 1 average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's more: DWR data show the snowpack in all three California regions scraping along near the record-low figures recorded at the deepest point of the five-year drought:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 725px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11644987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"725\" height=\"725\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129.png 725w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-520x520.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2017-18 snowpack, depicted by the heavy blue lines in the graphs above, is close to the record low recorded in 2014-2015. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There \u003cem>was\u003c/em> a little good news in the stormlets that visited last week. They were cold enough that lower-elevation locations picked up some lasting snow for the first time this season. But if you look at snowfall station by station throughout the mountains, the picture is rather bleak at all elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't worry, though: It's going to get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As avid weather watchers know, long-range forecast models have been suggesting for a while that we'd be in for a prolonged period of high pressure -- and dry weather -- after the recent storms moved through. The question is how long the dry spell will last. Here's what forecasters are saying about the answer to that question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*Atmospheric scientist Daniel Swain\u003c/strong>, via \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@Weather_West\u003c/a>: \"Yet another incredible 16+ day zero precipitation donut hole over California (and the entire American Southwest). Very strong, persistent ridge signal in multi-model ensemble. ... Mid-winter snowmelt likely in #SierraNevada as spring-like temperatures arrive, possibly bringing snowpack to record low level for date.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/957307875084267520\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*National Weather Service/San Francisco Bay Area forecast discussion\u003c/strong>: \"Longer-range models offer little hope of an end to dry conditions across California. The latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/model-data/model-datasets/global-ensemble-forecast-system-gefs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GEFS ensemble mean\u003c/a> keeps a ridge locked in place along the West Coast all the way through mid- February. The Climate Prediction Center`s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/predictions/814day/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8-14 Day Outlook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/predictions/WK34/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3-4 Week Outlook\u003c/a> both indicate warmer and drier than normal conditions persisting across the West.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*NWS Reno forecast discussion\u003c/strong>: \"The forecast pattern now is very stable with dry and warm conditions for at least the middle of February, and likely beyond. Maybe there is hope toward the end of February?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*NWS Sacramento\u003c/strong>: \"Little to talk about in the extended period as ridging rebuilds over the area. Storm track will be deflected well to the north into the Pacific NW with no real chance of precipitation in Norcal for foreseeable future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in a nutshell: A poor snowfall season to date. Much of the snow that has fallen could vanish as warm, dry weather sets in, even over the mountains. And our next hope for what we used to think of as winter weather appears to be weeks away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will not be long until we hear prayers for \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-california-snow-march-miracle-sierra-nevada-20160312-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a March miracle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>his Thursday, a crew from the California Department of Water Resources will drive up to a meadow above Lake Tahoe to measure how much snow is there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Media will be on hand to record the ritual, staged once a month between early January and May. The assembled reporters and camera-people will hear DWR's official pronouncement on the State of the Snowpack -- the snowpack and the moisture it contains being a key indicator of what kind of statewide water situation we're looking at in coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We're not going out on a limb when we announce, 72 hours before the official measurement, that the snowpack is disappointingly meager and could well foretell a very challenging water year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources pumps out all kinds of data every day, including \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/snow/current/snow/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statewide snow statistics\u003c/a>. And ahead of the coming survey, \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the daily summary\u003c/a> of mountain recording stations from the Trinity Alps down to the south end of the Sierra Nevada shows the statewide snowpack at 30 percent of normal for Jan. 29 and 18 percent of the April 1 average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's more: DWR data show the snowpack in all three California regions scraping along near the record-low figures recorded at the deepest point of the five-year drought:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644987\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 725px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11644987\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"725\" height=\"725\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129.png 725w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-160x160.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-240x240.png 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-375x375.png 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-520x520.png 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-32x32.png 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-50x50.png 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-64x64.png 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-96x96.png 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-128x128.png 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/snowwatercontent180129-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The 2017-18 snowpack, depicted by the heavy blue lines in the graphs above, is close to the record low recorded in 2014-2015. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There \u003cem>was\u003c/em> a little good news in the stormlets that visited last week. They were cold enough that lower-elevation locations picked up some lasting snow for the first time this season. But if you look at snowfall station by station throughout the mountains, the picture is rather bleak at all elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don't worry, though: It's going to get worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As avid weather watchers know, long-range forecast models have been suggesting for a while that we'd be in for a prolonged period of high pressure -- and dry weather -- after the recent storms moved through. The question is how long the dry spell will last. Here's what forecasters are saying about the answer to that question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*Atmospheric scientist Daniel Swain\u003c/strong>, via \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">@Weather_West\u003c/a>: \"Yet another incredible 16+ day zero precipitation donut hole over California (and the entire American Southwest). Very strong, persistent ridge signal in multi-model ensemble. ... Mid-winter snowmelt likely in #SierraNevada as spring-like temperatures arrive, possibly bringing snowpack to record low level for date.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*National Weather Service/San Francisco Bay Area forecast discussion\u003c/strong>: \"Longer-range models offer little hope of an end to dry conditions across California. The latest \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/model-data/model-datasets/global-ensemble-forecast-system-gefs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">GEFS ensemble mean\u003c/a> keeps a ridge locked in place along the West Coast all the way through mid- February. The Climate Prediction Center`s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/predictions/814day/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">8-14 Day Outlook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpc.noaa.gov/products/predictions/WK34/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3-4 Week Outlook\u003c/a> both indicate warmer and drier than normal conditions persisting across the West.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*NWS Reno forecast discussion\u003c/strong>: \"The forecast pattern now is very stable with dry and warm conditions for at least the middle of February, and likely beyond. Maybe there is hope toward the end of February?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>*NWS Sacramento\u003c/strong>: \"Little to talk about in the extended period as ridging rebuilds over the area. Storm track will be deflected well to the north into the Pacific NW with no real chance of precipitation in Norcal for foreseeable future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in a nutshell: A poor snowfall season to date. Much of the snow that has fallen could vanish as warm, dry weather sets in, even over the mountains. And our next hope for what we used to think of as winter weather appears to be weeks away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It will not be long until we hear prayers for \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-california-snow-march-miracle-sierra-nevada-20160312-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a March miracle\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two-year-old Maverick Hawkins sits on a red plastic car in his grandmother's living room in the picturesque town of Nevada City, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. His play pal, Delilah Smith, a fellow 2-year-old, snacks on hummus and cashews and delights over the sounds of her Princess Peppa stuffie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's playtime for the kids of the provocatively named Facebook group \"Pot Smoking Moms Who Cuss Sometimes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maverick's mother, Jenna Sauter, started the group after he was born. \"I was a new mom, a young mom — I was 22 — and I was just feeling really lonely in the house, taking care of him,\" she says. She wanted to reach out to other mothers but didn't want to hide her marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted friends who I could be open with,\" Sauter says — \"like I enjoy going to the river and I like to maybe smoke a joint at the river.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 2,600 members now in the Facebook group. Marijuana, which became legal for recreational use in California earlier this month, is seen by many group members as an all-natural and seemingly harmless \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/marijuana\">remedy\u003c/a> for everything from morning sickness to post-partum depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"NuB65HVzQ10DqaQfxGZchP8z8Z1ntujK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delilah Smith's mom, Andria, is 21 and a week away from her due date with her second child. She took umbrage when an emergency room physician recently suggested she take \"half a Norco\" -- a pill akin to Vicodin, an opioid-based painkiller -- for her excruciating back pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith is disdainful. \"She was like, 'We know more about Norco and blah, blah, blah and what it can do to you, but we don't that much about marijuana,' \" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, 'Test me!' I was like, 'Observe me. My kid could count to 10 before she was even 2 by herself, and I smoked pot throughout my whole pregnancy. She's not stupid! There is no third eye growing.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of women in the United States who use marijuana during pregnancy has been difficult to gauge, partly because some women are reluctant to tell their doctors. At least 24 states consider substance use during pregnancy a form of child abuse, so divulging such information can have serious consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a number of \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2594398\">studies\u003c/a> nationally suggest there has been a sharp jump in pot use among pregnant women, especially among younger mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/580535951/581503207\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith and Sauter both told their doctors of their marijuana use, and after they gave birth, their babies were tested for signs of marijuana's chief active ingredient, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2731700/\">THC\u003c/a>.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say psychoactive compounds in marijuana easily \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Marijuana-Use-During-Pregnancy-and-Lactation\">cross the placenta\u003c/a>, exposing the fetus to perhaps 10 percent of the THC — tetrahydrocannabinol — that the mother receives, and higher concentrations if the mom uses pot repeatedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://obgyn.ucsf.edu/gynecology/dana-r-gossett-md-msci\">Dr. Dana Gossett\u003c/a>, a research obstetrician and gynecologist at the University of California, San Francisco who also treats patients, says studies show marijuana \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(17)30679-8/pdf\">increases the risk of stillbirth\u003c/a> and adversely affects how a baby's brain develops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gossett cites some \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Marijuana-Use-During-Pregnancy-and-Lactation\">research\u003c/a> that suggests children exposed to marijuana while growing in the womb can have poorer performance on visual-motor coordination — tasks like catching a ball or solving visual problems like puzzles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And studies also show, she says, these kids may have behavioral problems at higher rates than other children by the age of 14, and are at greater risk for initiating marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is biologically plausible,\" Gossett says, \"because the effects of THC in the brain may actually prime that child for addictive behavior, not just to marijuana but to alcohol as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11644953 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moms-2-82c62d9bb65cbb62feea2b9210906a7f0ce442ba-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Andria Smith (L) with her daughter Delilah Smith (C) and Jenna Sauter's son, Maverick Hawkins, in Nevada City. The mothers are both members of the Facebook group "Pot Smoking Moms Who Cuss Sometimes."\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andria Smith (L) with her daughter, Delilah Smith, (C) and Jenna Sauter's son, Maverick Hawkins, in Nevada City. The mothers are both members of the Facebook group \"Pot Smoking Moms Who Cuss Sometimes.\" \u003ccite>(Sarah Varney/Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There has been little research on the effects of THC passed to a baby via breastfeeding. But because there isn't enough evidence to determine the risk, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Marijuana-Use-During-Pregnancy-and-Lactation\">discourages marijuana use during pregnancy\u003c/a>, and warns breastfeeding moms to avoid eating or smoking marijuana or inhaling its secondhand smoke — since some amount of THC, just like alcohol, can pass into the baby that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Andria Smith's point that her daughter, Delilah, is just as smart as her peers, studies do show that, in general, children exposed to marijuana in utero don't score worse on reading or mathematics as they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After their babies tested positive for THC, Sauter and Smith were visited at home by county social service workers, who gave the women information about the effects of marijuana use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sauter says she and her friends don't smoke near their children, nor do they spend their days stoned to oblivion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not like being totally out of it,\" Sauter says. \"I'm completely aware of my surroundings. I'm watching my kid, watching my friends' kids. I'm hanging out. You totally know what's going on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sauter says many parents she knows are uncertain if they can get in trouble using pot now in California. Indeed, child protection laws in most states remain at odds with liberal marijuana laws. Some moms on the Facebook page will not go to the doctor — even when they're sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They don't want to get tested,\" Sauter says. \"And that's dangerous. We should be able to be open about it. Because if something does go wrong, we've got to know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"USMQrqcMRYyk4w4VqNoOVCsIByZBJ4vg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACOG does not endorse mandatory testing for THC in pregnant women or newborn babies — out of concern that women could be jailed or have their babies taken from them. Instead, the organization urges obstetricians to ask pregnant women about drug use during prenatal visits, counseling these patients against substance use and helping them alleviate their nausea, back pain or post-partum depression with medications deemed safe by federal drug regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with \u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html\">recreational cannabis now legal\u003c/a> in at least eight states and the District of Columbia, physicians like Gossett are worried that newborns and young children, whose brains are rapidly developing, constructing billions of neural connections, will come to know the world in an altered state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're learning what things look like and how things move and how to respond to the world,\" Gossett says. Marijuana's psychotropic effects, she adds, will change \"a child's ability to interpret the world around him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+Smoking+Pot+While+Pregnant+Safe+For+The+Baby%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two-year-old Maverick Hawkins sits on a red plastic car in his grandmother's living room in the picturesque town of Nevada City, in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. His play pal, Delilah Smith, a fellow 2-year-old, snacks on hummus and cashews and delights over the sounds of her Princess Peppa stuffie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's playtime for the kids of the provocatively named Facebook group \"Pot Smoking Moms Who Cuss Sometimes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maverick's mother, Jenna Sauter, started the group after he was born. \"I was a new mom, a young mom — I was 22 — and I was just feeling really lonely in the house, taking care of him,\" she says. She wanted to reach out to other mothers but didn't want to hide her marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wanted friends who I could be open with,\" Sauter says — \"like I enjoy going to the river and I like to maybe smoke a joint at the river.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are nearly 2,600 members now in the Facebook group. Marijuana, which became legal for recreational use in California earlier this month, is seen by many group members as an all-natural and seemingly harmless \u003ca href=\"https://nccih.nih.gov/health/marijuana\">remedy\u003c/a> for everything from morning sickness to post-partum depression.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delilah Smith's mom, Andria, is 21 and a week away from her due date with her second child. She took umbrage when an emergency room physician recently suggested she take \"half a Norco\" -- a pill akin to Vicodin, an opioid-based painkiller -- for her excruciating back pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith is disdainful. \"She was like, 'We know more about Norco and blah, blah, blah and what it can do to you, but we don't that much about marijuana,' \" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was like, 'Test me!' I was like, 'Observe me. My kid could count to 10 before she was even 2 by herself, and I smoked pot throughout my whole pregnancy. She's not stupid! There is no third eye growing.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of women in the United States who use marijuana during pregnancy has been difficult to gauge, partly because some women are reluctant to tell their doctors. At least 24 states consider substance use during pregnancy a form of child abuse, so divulging such information can have serious consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a number of \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2594398\">studies\u003c/a> nationally suggest there has been a sharp jump in pot use among pregnant women, especially among younger mothers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/580535951/581503207\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith and Sauter both told their doctors of their marijuana use, and after they gave birth, their babies were tested for signs of marijuana's chief active ingredient, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2731700/\">THC\u003c/a>.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say psychoactive compounds in marijuana easily \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Marijuana-Use-During-Pregnancy-and-Lactation\">cross the placenta\u003c/a>, exposing the fetus to perhaps 10 percent of the THC — tetrahydrocannabinol — that the mother receives, and higher concentrations if the mom uses pot repeatedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://obgyn.ucsf.edu/gynecology/dana-r-gossett-md-msci\">Dr. Dana Gossett\u003c/a>, a research obstetrician and gynecologist at the University of California, San Francisco who also treats patients, says studies show marijuana \u003ca href=\"http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(17)30679-8/pdf\">increases the risk of stillbirth\u003c/a> and adversely affects how a baby's brain develops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gossett cites some \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Marijuana-Use-During-Pregnancy-and-Lactation\">research\u003c/a> that suggests children exposed to marijuana while growing in the womb can have poorer performance on visual-motor coordination — tasks like catching a ball or solving visual problems like puzzles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And studies also show, she says, these kids may have behavioral problems at higher rates than other children by the age of 14, and are at greater risk for initiating marijuana use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is biologically plausible,\" Gossett says, \"because the effects of THC in the brain may actually prime that child for addictive behavior, not just to marijuana but to alcohol as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11644953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11644953 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/moms-2-82c62d9bb65cbb62feea2b9210906a7f0ce442ba-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Andria Smith (L) with her daughter Delilah Smith (C) and Jenna Sauter's son, Maverick Hawkins, in Nevada City. The mothers are both members of the Facebook group "Pot Smoking Moms Who Cuss Sometimes."\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Andria Smith (L) with her daughter, Delilah Smith, (C) and Jenna Sauter's son, Maverick Hawkins, in Nevada City. The mothers are both members of the Facebook group \"Pot Smoking Moms Who Cuss Sometimes.\" \u003ccite>(Sarah Varney/Kaiser Health News)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There has been little research on the effects of THC passed to a baby via breastfeeding. But because there isn't enough evidence to determine the risk, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists \u003ca href=\"https://www.acog.org/Clinical-Guidance-and-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Obstetric-Practice/Marijuana-Use-During-Pregnancy-and-Lactation\">discourages marijuana use during pregnancy\u003c/a>, and warns breastfeeding moms to avoid eating or smoking marijuana or inhaling its secondhand smoke — since some amount of THC, just like alcohol, can pass into the baby that way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Andria Smith's point that her daughter, Delilah, is just as smart as her peers, studies do show that, in general, children exposed to marijuana in utero don't score worse on reading or mathematics as they get older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After their babies tested positive for THC, Sauter and Smith were visited at home by county social service workers, who gave the women information about the effects of marijuana use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sauter says she and her friends don't smoke near their children, nor do they spend their days stoned to oblivion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not like being totally out of it,\" Sauter says. \"I'm completely aware of my surroundings. I'm watching my kid, watching my friends' kids. I'm hanging out. You totally know what's going on.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sauter says many parents she knows are uncertain if they can get in trouble using pot now in California. Indeed, child protection laws in most states remain at odds with liberal marijuana laws. Some moms on the Facebook page will not go to the doctor — even when they're sick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They don't want to get tested,\" Sauter says. \"And that's dangerous. We should be able to be open about it. Because if something does go wrong, we've got to know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACOG does not endorse mandatory testing for THC in pregnant women or newborn babies — out of concern that women could be jailed or have their babies taken from them. Instead, the organization urges obstetricians to ask pregnant women about drug use during prenatal visits, counseling these patients against substance use and helping them alleviate their nausea, back pain or post-partum depression with medications deemed safe by federal drug regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with \u003ca href=\"http://www.governing.com/gov-data/state-marijuana-laws-map-medical-recreational.html\">recreational cannabis now legal\u003c/a> in at least eight states and the District of Columbia, physicians like Gossett are worried that newborns and young children, whose brains are rapidly developing, constructing billions of neural connections, will come to know the world in an altered state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're learning what things look like and how things move and how to respond to the world,\" Gossett says. Marijuana's psychotropic effects, she adds, will change \"a child's ability to interpret the world around him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Is+Smoking+Pot+While+Pregnant+Safe+For+The+Baby%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 1995, in order to educate its clients on what technology to adopt, the IT consulting firm Gartner \u003ca href=\"https://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a graph\u003c/a> illustrating the “hype cycle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model posits that when a new technology is developed, it creates a frenzy of anticipation, leading to a Peak of Inflated Expectations. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/fitbits-decline-is-a-reflection-of-the-end-of-the-over-hyped-promise-of-wearables-73823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Failing\u003c/a> to live up to its pie-in-the-sky promise, the technology then becomes the butt of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9507aK_nBHo&ab_channel=cgmcreative\">jokes and derision\u003c/a> — a Trough of Disillusionment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 506px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438726 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/gartner-for-marketers-hype-cycle.png\" alt=\"A graph showing the rise, fall, and subsequent rise of new forms of technology\" width=\"506\" height=\"259\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hype Cycle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as it improves, it reaccumulates credibility -- the Slope of Enlightenment. The technology then matures into the mainstream, where the rollercoaster lifecycle finally smooths out along the Plateau of Productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this, says Dr. Robert Wachter, author of \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/the-digital-doctor/\">The Digital Doctor\u003c/a>\" and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF, “turns out to be a perfect map for digital medicine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does This Stuff Work? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables. [But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.'\u003ccite>Dr. Brennan Spiegel, Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-017-0002-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> published this month in the journal \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em> would seem to buttress Wachter’s view. The study, conducted mostly by researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, takes a broad look at the effectiveness of wearable sensors. The study looked at 16 randomized controlled trials, published from 2000 to 2016, which researchers assessed to be high quality. To be included in the study, devices had to be non-invasive, wearable, and capable of automatically transmitting data to a web portal or mobile app for review by patients or health providers. Among the devices tested were internet-connected weight scales, blood pressure monitors and activity trackers with text-message reminders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary question researchers wanted to answer: Do these wearable biosensors make patients healthier?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not very much, was the conclusion. The analysis found no significant difference in health outcomes like weight or blood pressure between patients who used the devices and those who didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say they were not surprised, and they hope the work will pave the way for better development and use of remote health monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables,” says co-author Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research in Los Angeles. “[But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors did note some positive effect in certain cases. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/4/6229/htm\">a study\u003c/a> looking at Parkinson’s patients found a positive effect when physical therapy included devices that gave feedback about gaits; and in some trials patients did lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438738\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438738 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/6905654506_5ac041bada_k-1020x752.jpg\" alt=\"Three joggers near a body of water.\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wearing an activity tracker does not necessarily lead to more activity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The most successful studies tend to be coupled with some behavioral intervention,” Spiegel says. This added component sometimes took the form of a health coach or cognitive behavioral therapy, in addition to use of the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the greatest hurdles to efficacy in the digital health revolution may not be technical, but human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we conclude in the study is that digital health is not a computer science or an engineering science; it’s a social and behavioral science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology.'\u003ccite>Dr. Bob Wachter, author of 'The Digital Doctor'\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other recently published research, a \u003ca href=\"http://mhealth.jmir.org/2018/1/e23/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">systematic review\u003c/a> of systematic reviews, focused on mobile health interventions, most frequently involving text messaging. The analysis, published in the\u003cem> Journal of Medical Internet Research mHealth and uHealth\u003c/em>, looked at 371 studies published between 2009 and 2016, comprised of nearly 80,000 patients. The studied interventions included apps to manage chronic disease, increase treatment adherence and modify behavior. The analysis found evidence that mobile health apps helped with a variety of conditions, including symptom improvement in chronic pulmonary disease and heart failure; glycemic control in diabetes patients; and blood pressure in those with hypertension. There was also evidence that text reminders improved adherence to tuberculosis and HIV therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"cJJOGi35mjmKyVRrfPXWGXPW5fc4Gdks\"]However, the quality of the evidence for many studies was rated as generally low. Among the more rigorous studies were those that found good evidence for improvement in asthma symptoms, appointment attendance and smoking cessation rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medicine Needs to do Better. Will Technology Help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter ticked off the ways medicine is \"coming up short in what we want from it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Safety is not very good,\" he says. \"We harm and kill a lot of people because of medical mistakes. People are not very satisfied ... . Access is often quite bad. And the costs are bankrupting local governments, national governments, and businesses and individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Investors] wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.'\u003ccite>Melissa Buckley, California Health Care Foundation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And yet, “Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology,\" he says. \"Think about how manufacturing, retail, financial services, travel, journalism, pretty much every field has been overtaken by technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These manifold inefficiencies present a natural target for technologists, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have the technology trigger, a massive uptick in expectation. Then, of course, studies like [the one in \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em>] come out and it leads to a rapid downslope, that Trough of Disillusionment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wachter, as well as many other experts, believe remote sensors, mobile health and tech-enhanced medical services will play an important role in the future of medicine, because there are so many people who need help monitoring chronic disease and guidance on diet and exercise. It’s just too time-consuming and costly to always get these directly from medical professionals, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now many people take a half-day off work to go to a 15- minute visit to see the doctor. That’s crazy. How can that be the model over time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter predicts digital health devices will eventually become as indispensable as smartphones and personal assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has not happened yet in remote patient monitoring. My suspicion is that over time it probably will, but we have to learn a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Buckley is director of the Health Innovation Fund for the California Health Care Foundation, which is dedicated to improving health care for low-income state residents. The fund invests in technology and service companies it hopes will help in that mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says she’s seen companies only in the last two years try to shorten the hype cycle, which they're doing by becoming more realistic and intentional in the design and deployment of technology. She points out that some of the studies cited in the \u003cem>Digital Health \u003c/em>analysis date back to 2000, when devices were relatively primitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the initial phase of excitement over using technology to solve health problems, she says, many investors put money into simple concepts. “They wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field is learning, she believes, to be more attuned to what patients really need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But just because [some tool] is digital, we shouldn’t think it will be magically effective.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1995, in order to educate its clients on what technology to adopt, the IT consulting firm Gartner \u003ca href=\"https://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">released a graph\u003c/a> illustrating the “hype cycle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The model posits that when a new technology is developed, it creates a frenzy of anticipation, leading to a Peak of Inflated Expectations. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/fitbits-decline-is-a-reflection-of-the-end-of-the-over-hyped-promise-of-wearables-73823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Failing\u003c/a> to live up to its pie-in-the-sky promise, the technology then becomes the butt of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9507aK_nBHo&ab_channel=cgmcreative\">jokes and derision\u003c/a> — a Trough of Disillusionment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438726\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 506px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438726 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/gartner-for-marketers-hype-cycle.png\" alt=\"A graph showing the rise, fall, and subsequent rise of new forms of technology\" width=\"506\" height=\"259\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Hype Cycle.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But as it improves, it reaccumulates credibility -- the Slope of Enlightenment. The technology then matures into the mainstream, where the rollercoaster lifecycle finally smooths out along the Plateau of Productivity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this, says Dr. Robert Wachter, author of \"\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/tag/the-digital-doctor/\">The Digital Doctor\u003c/a>\" and chair of the Department of Medicine at UCSF, “turns out to be a perfect map for digital medicine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does This Stuff Work? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables. [But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.'\u003ccite>Dr. Brennan Spiegel, Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41746-017-0002-4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">meta-analysis\u003c/a> published this month in the journal \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em> would seem to buttress Wachter’s view. The study, conducted mostly by researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, takes a broad look at the effectiveness of wearable sensors. The study looked at 16 randomized controlled trials, published from 2000 to 2016, which researchers assessed to be high quality. To be included in the study, devices had to be non-invasive, wearable, and capable of automatically transmitting data to a web portal or mobile app for review by patients or health providers. Among the devices tested were internet-connected weight scales, blood pressure monitors and activity trackers with text-message reminders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The primary question researchers wanted to answer: Do these wearable biosensors make patients healthier?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not very much, was the conclusion. The analysis found no significant difference in health outcomes like weight or blood pressure between patients who used the devices and those who didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say they were not surprised, and they hope the work will pave the way for better development and use of remote health monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to emphasize this is not the end of wearables,” says co-author Dr. Brennan Spiegel, director of Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research in Los Angeles. “[But] we don’t want to overpromise what these can achieve.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors did note some positive effect in certain cases. For instance, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/14/4/6229/htm\">a study\u003c/a> looking at Parkinson’s patients found a positive effect when physical therapy included devices that gave feedback about gaits; and in some trials patients did lose weight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438738\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-438738 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/01/6905654506_5ac041bada_k-1020x752.jpg\" alt=\"Three joggers near a body of water.\" width=\"640\" height=\"472\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wearing an activity tracker does not necessarily lead to more activity.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The most successful studies tend to be coupled with some behavioral intervention,” Spiegel says. This added component sometimes took the form of a health coach or cognitive behavioral therapy, in addition to use of the device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means the greatest hurdles to efficacy in the digital health revolution may not be technical, but human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we conclude in the study is that digital health is not a computer science or an engineering science; it’s a social and behavioral science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology.'\u003ccite>Dr. Bob Wachter, author of 'The Digital Doctor'\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Other recently published research, a \u003ca href=\"http://mhealth.jmir.org/2018/1/e23/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">systematic review\u003c/a> of systematic reviews, focused on mobile health interventions, most frequently involving text messaging. The analysis, published in the\u003cem> Journal of Medical Internet Research mHealth and uHealth\u003c/em>, looked at 371 studies published between 2009 and 2016, comprised of nearly 80,000 patients. The studied interventions included apps to manage chronic disease, increase treatment adherence and modify behavior. The analysis found evidence that mobile health apps helped with a variety of conditions, including symptom improvement in chronic pulmonary disease and heart failure; glycemic control in diabetes patients; and blood pressure in those with hypertension. There was also evidence that text reminders improved adherence to tuberculosis and HIV therapies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>However, the quality of the evidence for many studies was rated as generally low. Among the more rigorous studies were those that found good evidence for improvement in asthma symptoms, appointment attendance and smoking cessation rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medicine Needs to do Better. Will Technology Help?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter ticked off the ways medicine is \"coming up short in what we want from it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Safety is not very good,\" he says. \"We harm and kill a lot of people because of medical mistakes. People are not very satisfied ... . Access is often quite bad. And the costs are bankrupting local governments, national governments, and businesses and individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'[Investors] wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.'\u003ccite>Melissa Buckley, California Health Care Foundation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>And yet, “Medicine is probably the last field to be touched by technology,\" he says. \"Think about how manufacturing, retail, financial services, travel, journalism, pretty much every field has been overtaken by technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These manifold inefficiencies present a natural target for technologists, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have the technology trigger, a massive uptick in expectation. Then, of course, studies like [the one in \u003cem>Digital Medicine\u003c/em>] come out and it leads to a rapid downslope, that Trough of Disillusionment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wachter, as well as many other experts, believe remote sensors, mobile health and tech-enhanced medical services will play an important role in the future of medicine, because there are so many people who need help monitoring chronic disease and guidance on diet and exercise. It’s just too time-consuming and costly to always get these directly from medical professionals, Wachter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now many people take a half-day off work to go to a 15- minute visit to see the doctor. That’s crazy. How can that be the model over time?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wachter predicts digital health devices will eventually become as indispensable as smartphones and personal assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That has not happened yet in remote patient monitoring. My suspicion is that over time it probably will, but we have to learn a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Melissa Buckley is director of the Health Innovation Fund for the California Health Care Foundation, which is dedicated to improving health care for low-income state residents. The fund invests in technology and service companies it hopes will help in that mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Buckley says she’s seen companies only in the last two years try to shorten the hype cycle, which they're doing by becoming more realistic and intentional in the design and deployment of technology. She points out that some of the studies cited in the \u003cem>Digital Health \u003c/em>analysis date back to 2000, when devices were relatively primitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the initial phase of excitement over using technology to solve health problems, she says, many investors put money into simple concepts. “They wanted a quick win, but now they realize there aren’t a lot of quick wins in health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The field is learning, she believes, to be more attuned to what patients really need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Treating Domestic Violence As A Medical Problem",
"title": "Treating Domestic Violence As A Medical Problem",
"headTitle": "Kaiser Health News | State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Fanny Ortiz, a mother of five who lives just east of downtown Los Angeles, spent nearly a decade married to a man who controlled her and frequently threatened her. Then, she said, his abuse escalated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would physically hit me in the face, throw me on the wall,” she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz, 43, eventually left the marriage, taking her children with her. A few years later, she learned that the East Los Angeles Women’s Center offered domestic violence services at Los Angeles County‐USC Medical Center near her home. Now she goes to the hospital campus for weekly therapy sessions, which she said have helped stop her suicidal thoughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was afraid to talk,” Ortiz said. “Now I am more open to talk about things that I was holding in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_362544\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-362544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1.jpg 540w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fanny Ortiz (right), who left an abusive marriage after nearly a decade, meets weekly with therapist Brittany Martinez at the East Los Angeles Women’s Center. The office is located on the campus of the Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center. \u003ccite>(Anna Gorman/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 in 4 women have experienced serious physical violence at the hands of a partner. They often end up in the emergency room or the doctor’s office. But they don’t typically volunteer the reason for their injuries, and doctors don’t always ask about abuse in the home. That failure of communication means the patients may miss out on the help they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet a growing number of health providers and anti‐abuse agencies in California and around the country are collaborating to identify victims and get them help. More doctors now screen their patients for signs of abuse and more agencies place victims’ advocates inside health centers. Education and counseling for people experiencing violence is also more widely available in clinics and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About four years ago, the East Los Angeles Women’s Center opened offices on the campus of L.A. County‐USC, a busy public hospital. Since then, center staff members have trained more than 2,500 doctors, nurses, social workers and others to identify victims of domestic violence. They also respond quickly to calls from the medical center’s emergency room, inpatient hospital and outpatient facilities to help patients in crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the women’s center has embarked on an innovative approach: In February, it plans to open a short‐term shelter for abuse victims on the medical center grounds. The 10‐bed shelter fills a serious need, said Deirdre Anglin, an emergency room physician at L.A. County‐USC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We sometimes have patients in the emergency department who don’t have a place to go, and in the evenings and nights all the shelters in L.A. will be filled,” Anglin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims of abuse can suffer long‐term health problems, including chronic pain, frequent headaches, depression, diabetes and asthma. And they have higher health costs than people who have not experienced abuse. So “it makes complete sense to have the health care providers acting as allies and partners in treating domestic violence,” said Peter Long, CEO of the Blue Shield of California Foundation. (The foundation provides support for KHN coverage in California).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundation has funded 19 partnerships between health centers and domestic violence agencies around the state, including the L.A. County‐USC office of the East Los Angeles Women’s Center. Similar partnerships operate in Illinois, Maryland and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the East Los Angeles Women’s Center served 600 victims of domestic violence at the L.A. County‐USC hospital campus. Nearly one‐third were homeless or couldn’t go back home for safety reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say that hospitals and clinics are ideal settings to respond to the needs of abused women. In the San Gabriel Valley, the YWCA sponsors domestic violence support groups at a community clinic, while the clinic offers health education for survivors of abuse at the YWCA. In Sacramento, a Native American health center works closely with a domestic violence group a few blocks away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors have an “unprecedented opportunity to promote prevention and to respond because they are seeing patients that may not ever reach out to a domestic violence agency or police for help,” said Lisa James, director of health for Futures Without Violence, which runs a national resource center dedicated to improving the response of medical professionals to domestic violence. “They can provide this critical lifesaving intervention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proximity of the East Los Angeles Women’s Center to the hospital and clinic buildings on the L.A. County‐USC campus makes it easier for doctors to ask their patients about violence, said Rebeca Melendez, director of programs for the center’s office at the medical center. The medical providers know where to turn for guidance – and that the help is nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t need to know all the answers,” she said. “They just need to call us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This growing collaboration between the medical profession and anti‐abuse agencies is driven in part by the Affordable Care Act, which requires that health plans cover domestic violence screening and counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends doctors routinely question women about violence in the home and refer them to services if needed. The task force concluded in 2013 that intervention could reduce violence and abuse as well as mental and physical health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizations such as the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Medical Association also recommend routine screening and counseling for domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, patients would go to health centers with such problems, but providers did not feel comfortable asking questions about abuse at home, said Long, of the Blue Shield of California Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t feel they had the time and they didn’t feel they had the resources to do something about it,” he said. Nor did they always have a place to send patients who were abuse victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treating patients who are in abusive relationships is “very challenging,” said Anglin, the ER physician. “There is no pill to give.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But asking about violence needs to be part of a physician’s job, she said. “Part of what we need to do is try to identify patients who may be in a dangerous situation… so we are not just sending these patients back to the same situation they were in only to come back worse off another time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Kaiser Health News (KHN) is a nonprofit news service covering health issues. It is an editorially independent program of the Kaiser Family Foundation that is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Health care professionals increasingly collaborate with anti‐abuse advocates to identify victims and ensure they get the help they need. In Los Angeles, a women's shelter is opening right on the campus of a large public hospital. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fanny Ortiz, a mother of five who lives just east of downtown Los Angeles, spent nearly a decade married to a man who controlled her and frequently threatened her. Then, she said, his abuse escalated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He would physically hit me in the face, throw me on the wall,” she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz, 43, eventually left the marriage, taking her children with her. A few years later, she learned that the East Los Angeles Women’s Center offered domestic violence services at Los Angeles County‐USC Medical Center near her home. Now she goes to the hospital campus for weekly therapy sessions, which she said have helped stop her suicidal thoughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was afraid to talk,” Ortiz said. “Now I am more open to talk about things that I was holding in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_362544\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 540px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-362544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"540\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1.jpg 540w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/27/2018/01/LA-Hospital-womens-shelter1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fanny Ortiz (right), who left an abusive marriage after nearly a decade, meets weekly with therapist Brittany Martinez at the East Los Angeles Women’s Center. The office is located on the campus of the Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center. \u003ccite>(Anna Gorman/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nearly 1 in 4 women have experienced serious physical violence at the hands of a partner. They often end up in the emergency room or the doctor’s office. But they don’t typically volunteer the reason for their injuries, and doctors don’t always ask about abuse in the home. That failure of communication means the patients may miss out on the help they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet a growing number of health providers and anti‐abuse agencies in California and around the country are collaborating to identify victims and get them help. More doctors now screen their patients for signs of abuse and more agencies place victims’ advocates inside health centers. Education and counseling for people experiencing violence is also more widely available in clinics and hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About four years ago, the East Los Angeles Women’s Center opened offices on the campus of L.A. County‐USC, a busy public hospital. Since then, center staff members have trained more than 2,500 doctors, nurses, social workers and others to identify victims of domestic violence. They also respond quickly to calls from the medical center’s emergency room, inpatient hospital and outpatient facilities to help patients in crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the women’s center has embarked on an innovative approach: In February, it plans to open a short‐term shelter for abuse victims on the medical center grounds. The 10‐bed shelter fills a serious need, said Deirdre Anglin, an emergency room physician at L.A. County‐USC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We sometimes have patients in the emergency department who don’t have a place to go, and in the evenings and nights all the shelters in L.A. will be filled,” Anglin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victims of abuse can suffer long‐term health problems, including chronic pain, frequent headaches, depression, diabetes and asthma. And they have higher health costs than people who have not experienced abuse. So “it makes complete sense to have the health care providers acting as allies and partners in treating domestic violence,” said Peter Long, CEO of the Blue Shield of California Foundation. (The foundation provides support for KHN coverage in California).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The foundation has funded 19 partnerships between health centers and domestic violence agencies around the state, including the L.A. County‐USC office of the East Los Angeles Women’s Center. Similar partnerships operate in Illinois, Maryland and other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the East Los Angeles Women’s Center served 600 victims of domestic violence at the L.A. County‐USC hospital campus. Nearly one‐third were homeless or couldn’t go back home for safety reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates say that hospitals and clinics are ideal settings to respond to the needs of abused women. In the San Gabriel Valley, the YWCA sponsors domestic violence support groups at a community clinic, while the clinic offers health education for survivors of abuse at the YWCA. In Sacramento, a Native American health center works closely with a domestic violence group a few blocks away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors have an “unprecedented opportunity to promote prevention and to respond because they are seeing patients that may not ever reach out to a domestic violence agency or police for help,” said Lisa James, director of health for Futures Without Violence, which runs a national resource center dedicated to improving the response of medical professionals to domestic violence. “They can provide this critical lifesaving intervention.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proximity of the East Los Angeles Women’s Center to the hospital and clinic buildings on the L.A. County‐USC campus makes it easier for doctors to ask their patients about violence, said Rebeca Melendez, director of programs for the center’s office at the medical center. The medical providers know where to turn for guidance – and that the help is nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t need to know all the answers,” she said. “They just need to call us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This growing collaboration between the medical profession and anti‐abuse agencies is driven in part by the Affordable Care Act, which requires that health plans cover domestic violence screening and counseling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommends doctors routinely question women about violence in the home and refer them to services if needed. The task force concluded in 2013 that intervention could reduce violence and abuse as well as mental and physical health problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizations such as the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Medical Association also recommend routine screening and counseling for domestic violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, patients would go to health centers with such problems, but providers did not feel comfortable asking questions about abuse at home, said Long, of the Blue Shield of California Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They didn’t feel they had the time and they didn’t feel they had the resources to do something about it,” he said. Nor did they always have a place to send patients who were abuse victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Treating patients who are in abusive relationships is “very challenging,” said Anglin, the ER physician. “There is no pill to give.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But asking about violence needs to be part of a physician’s job, she said. “Part of what we need to do is try to identify patients who may be in a dangerous situation… so we are not just sending these patients back to the same situation they were in only to come back worse off another time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
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"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"order": 11
},
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"on-the-media": {
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"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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"order": 14
},
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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