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To lure qualified teachers, the district provides below-market housing located on district property to new employees for up to seven years -- if they can score a spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teachers like Manzon, who gave up a career as a chef in Orange County to take the job at Wilcox, the move probably wouldn’t have penciled out without the district’s generous subsidized digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would have been a hard sell for sure,\" he says. \"I would have had to come to terms with living in Gilroy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No offense to Gilroy. But along with the stresses of the job, not to mention Manzon’s personal challenges -- he's a veteran who \"did some time in the sandbox\" in Iraq and lives with his emotional support animal, Koa -- a twice-daily hourlong commute, along with the familiar angst of finding housing in the Bay Area on a teacher's salary, are extra stressors he's happy to do without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casa del Maestro, a radical experiment in teacher recruitment and retainment, is due to celebrate its 15th anniversary this year. But as school districts in the state's pricey coastal enclaves struggle to attract and keep qualified teachers, many are considering Santa Clara’s “if you build it, they will come” model to teacher retainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now they have the support of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11340137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11340137\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg\" alt='Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\" \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the governor signed the “\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1413\">Teacher Housing Act of 2016\u003c/a>” to make it easier for school districts to get into the landlording business. Authored by Mark Leno, the former Democratic state senator from San Francisco, the law gives districts explicit permission to set aside housing exclusively for its employees and, crucially, to take advantage of state and federal low-income housing tax credits to develop these projects. Under prior law, projects that make use of these low-income housing subsidies had to be open to all tenants who met the income guidelines, to prevent public funds from subsidizing housing discrimination. The new law makes an exception for teachers and district employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the state, extending those tax credits to school employees is a zero-sum game -- it designates a fixed amount for the program. What it does mean, however, is less money for other low-income people who would otherwise take advantage of such subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone, of course, agrees that teachers should be the focal point of affordable housing policy. In areas where the supply of housing is constrained, providing special access to teachers necessarily comes at the expense of others who are just as inconvenienced by high rents and long commutes, if not more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a teacher, so I love teachers. But this pick-and-choose mentality about professions that we value and professions that we don’t seems kind of crazy,” says Paavo Monkkonen, a professor of urban planning at UCLA. “We don’t want to allow all our service workers to live near us -- just the ones we deem more ‘acceptable’ and more ‘meritorious.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many lawmakers, it’s an appealing way to kill two birds with one stone: tackle affordable housing while simultaneously addressing the teacher shortage plaguing California districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of interest in doing this now, given the conflux of rapidly increasing housing prices coupled with a growing teacher shortage in so many districts” says Jeff Vincent, the deputy director and co-founder of the Center for Cities & Schools at UC Berkeley. “And those things are clearly related.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/ca-teacher-shortage-persistent-problem-brief\">survey\u003c/a> by the Learning Policy Institute and the California School Boards Association found three-quarters of public schools across the state reported being unable to fill all of their teacher positions with qualified, credentialed faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes at a cost for students -- particularly those who attend schools serving mostly low-income households, where turnover is highest. But the cost is also financial. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/NCTAFCostofTeacherTurnoverpolicybrief.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, Los Angeles Unified School District pays an additional $94 million per year in recruitment, hiring and training costs just to keep up with staff attrition. In San Francisco and Oakland, the annual price tag is over $11 million and $12 million, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academic literature is equivocal about the connection between the cost of housing and teacher turnover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that teachers who are in schools with higher compensation are more likely to stay,” says Anne Podolsky, a policy analyst at the Learning Policy Institute. “So if you think about housing incentives as just one form of compensation, we might have reason to believe that that would be associated with teachers who are going to stay in their schools longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Podolsky points to a national survey that found one in four former teachers said that they would consider returning to the profession if it offered housing incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that it’s successful because we continue to have waitlists,” says Jennifer Dericco, a spokesperson for Santa Clara’s school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it may be San Francisco’s turn. With some of the highest housing prices in the country and teacher attrition \u003ca href=\"http://citiesandschools.berkeley.edu/uploads/SFUSD_PLUS_Brief_2016_FINAL_.pdf\">rates\u003c/a> that hover around 10 percent every year, San Francisco seems a likely candidate for a robust teacher housing program. In 2015, the city’s mayor, Ed Lee, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2015/10/affordable-housings-sf-teachers-middle-class.html\">announced\u003c/a> plans to build 100 new apartments specifically for teachers on district property. The new law allows the mayor and school district to take one step closer to that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts may follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[TeacherSalaryRent]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anywhere in the Bay Area you’re going to have challenges for housing, and you hear of teachers driving long distances to get to work everyday,” says Debra Carlton, senior vice president of public affairs for the California Apartment Association, a rental housing trade group. “This bill is step number one; step number two is making sure that your local officials, your school districts, et cetera, see it as just as important as San Francisco does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also clear that low-income housing tax credits -- the affordable housing subsidies that the Teacher Housing Act now allows districts and their co-developers to draw from -- are finite. Last year, the State Treasurer’s Office received 163 qualifying applications for its competitive low-income housing tax credit, but only had the resources to fund 82 of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not even clear that most teachers would qualify for subsidized units. According to Mark Stivers, who heads the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee at the Treasurer’s Office, the rents charged at complexes constructed or renovated with low-income tax credit support range from 30 percent to 60 percent of an area’s median income. That puts the upper income \u003ca href=\"http://sfmohcd.org/sites/default/files/Documents/MOH/2016_AMI_IncomeLimits-SanFranHMFA.pdf\">threshold\u003c/a> in a city like San Francisco at $45,250 for one person. Certainly some teachers make less than this, but the district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/fd/cs/documents/j90summary1516.pdf\">average\u003c/a> salary is $67,537.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complexities, costs and delays associated with constructing housing specifically for teachers, there’s an obvious question: “Why not pay them more?” says Monkkonen. “That would be the easier thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is also assumes that schools could negotiate such a targeted pay hike with their respective teacher unions. And whereas districts cover operational costs like salaries with funds from the state, which vary little from year to year, districts can be more creative in funding capital projects. For example, Santa Clara’s district paid for the Casa del Maestro project by issuing “certificates of participation” -- financial instruments in which rent payments are divided up and paid directly to investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond these purely financial considerations, there are other reasons that school districts may prefer brick and mortar, says Lindsay Maple, a graduate student researcher at UC Berkeley’s Center for Cities & Schools and a former teacher in Oakland and East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very visible way to commit and to show that they’re dedicated to finding a solution,” she says. Simply providing a plan to build housing may in and of itself serve as a recruitment and retainment tool. Plus, it’s more likely to grab the attention and sympathy of voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she’s skeptical that housing is the most effective solution, on a dollar-for-dollar basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a school district with 6,500 teachers and you’re going to build a building with 100 units -- do the cost-benefit analysis,” she says. “Does that really impact student outcomes on such a level where (a housing project) makes sense when you’re using that much money?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, for school districts, housing can be a risky business. When the Santa Clara district built Casa del Maestro, it funded the nearly $6.5 million construction project with borrowed money, with the interest payments on those bonds paid for entirely with rental payments from the teacher tenants. The financial transactions, along with the day-to-day operations of the housing complex, are managed by independent third parties. According to the district, this is all designed to protect district dollars. But it’s also a unique -- and uniquely complex -- arrangement that other districts may have a difficult time replicating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And school districts will ultimately confront what is already obvious to developers: Building new housing in urban California is really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cupertino Union School District discovered as much when it announced plans to convert a former elementary school into teacher housing in 2015, only to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/CupertinoUnion-School-District-Abandons-Teacher-Housing-Project-Cites-Tensions-381578961.html\">drop\u003c/a> the idea in the face of fierce opposition from local residents who opposed giving up school land for residential development, and questioned whether new housing would actually retain teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Oakland Unified School District announced its own \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/realestate/oakland-school-district-creates-plan-for-affordable-housing-for-teachers/973340/\">teacher workforce housing\u003c/a> initiative two years ago, only to see the plan stall for lack of a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Los Angeles Unified School District has had more success in developing affordable housing projects than any other district in the state, of the three housing complexes on district land, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-edu-teacher-housing-20161019-snap-story.html\">none\u003c/a> can count a district teacher as a tenant. Because the projects were financed in part with state and federal affordable housing tax credits, the units have gone to lower-earning district employees, such as cafeteria workers and teacher assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the complications that confound housing developments across the state, local ordinances and regulations may pose further obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Berkeley, which is considering a workforce housing initiative. Whereas a project like Casa del Maestro is based on the notion that subsidized housing should be provided to new teachers for a limited time (seven years), after which the tenancy agreement ends, as Maple from the Center for Cities & Schools points out, this would certainly violate Berkeley’s “just cause” eviction regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The development idea is sexy at the moment,” says UC Berkeley’s Vincent. “But districts need to be really careful in understanding their risks associated with these developments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent applauds what Santa Clara has done: Rather than placing young, inexperienced teachers in “dorm-style housing” for short period of time, the Casa del Maestro seems designed to keep educators in the district for the long term. But he wonders how many school districts possess the expertise to pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s extremely complicated -- and they can get hosed pretty easily,” he says. “Most districts aren’t set up to be landlords.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ben Christopher is a contributing writer at CALmatters.org—a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rizi Manzon is a teacher, so naturally, he has a lot to worry about: a stack of homework assignments to grade, a week’s worth of culinary arts classes to prepare for, kitchen supplies to purchase on his own time and dime. And the assorted crises, dramas and anxieties of the 36 teenagers in his care at Wilcox High School in Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike most public school educators in California’s Silicon Valley, one thing Manzon doesn’t need to worry about is how he’s going to pay rent this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, as one of Santa Clara Unified School District’s 822 teachers and specialists, he is one of the lucky few who get to call “Casa del Maestro” home. A picturesque plot of 70 suburban townhouses, bracketed by cherry blossoms and palm trees, this is the district’s answer to the Bay Area’s affordable housing crisis. To lure qualified teachers, the district provides below-market housing located on district property to new employees for up to seven years -- if they can score a spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For teachers like Manzon, who gave up a career as a chef in Orange County to take the job at Wilcox, the move probably wouldn’t have penciled out without the district’s generous subsidized digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would have been a hard sell for sure,\" he says. \"I would have had to come to terms with living in Gilroy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No offense to Gilroy. But along with the stresses of the job, not to mention Manzon’s personal challenges -- he's a veteran who \"did some time in the sandbox\" in Iraq and lives with his emotional support animal, Koa -- a twice-daily hourlong commute, along with the familiar angst of finding housing in the Bay Area on a teacher's salary, are extra stressors he's happy to do without.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Casa del Maestro, a radical experiment in teacher recruitment and retainment, is due to celebrate its 15th anniversary this year. But as school districts in the state's pricey coastal enclaves struggle to attract and keep qualified teachers, many are considering Santa Clara’s “if you build it, they will come” model to teacher retainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now they have the support of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11340137\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11340137\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg\" alt='Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/MarkLeno-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Leno, author of the \"Teacher Housing Act of 2016.\" \u003ccite>(Max Whittaker/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last fall, the governor signed the “\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB1413\">Teacher Housing Act of 2016\u003c/a>” to make it easier for school districts to get into the landlording business. Authored by Mark Leno, the former Democratic state senator from San Francisco, the law gives districts explicit permission to set aside housing exclusively for its employees and, crucially, to take advantage of state and federal low-income housing tax credits to develop these projects. Under prior law, projects that make use of these low-income housing subsidies had to be open to all tenants who met the income guidelines, to prevent public funds from subsidizing housing discrimination. The new law makes an exception for teachers and district employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the state, extending those tax credits to school employees is a zero-sum game -- it designates a fixed amount for the program. What it does mean, however, is less money for other low-income people who would otherwise take advantage of such subsidies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone, of course, agrees that teachers should be the focal point of affordable housing policy. In areas where the supply of housing is constrained, providing special access to teachers necessarily comes at the expense of others who are just as inconvenienced by high rents and long commutes, if not more so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m a teacher, so I love teachers. But this pick-and-choose mentality about professions that we value and professions that we don’t seems kind of crazy,” says Paavo Monkkonen, a professor of urban planning at UCLA. “We don’t want to allow all our service workers to live near us -- just the ones we deem more ‘acceptable’ and more ‘meritorious.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for many lawmakers, it’s an appealing way to kill two birds with one stone: tackle affordable housing while simultaneously addressing the teacher shortage plaguing California districts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of interest in doing this now, given the conflux of rapidly increasing housing prices coupled with a growing teacher shortage in so many districts” says Jeff Vincent, the deputy director and co-founder of the Center for Cities & Schools at UC Berkeley. “And those things are clearly related.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/ca-teacher-shortage-persistent-problem-brief\">survey\u003c/a> by the Learning Policy Institute and the California School Boards Association found three-quarters of public schools across the state reported being unable to fill all of their teacher positions with qualified, credentialed faculty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That comes at a cost for students -- particularly those who attend schools serving mostly low-income households, where turnover is highest. But the cost is also financial. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://nctaf.org/wp-content/uploads/NCTAFCostofTeacherTurnoverpolicybrief.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future, Los Angeles Unified School District pays an additional $94 million per year in recruitment, hiring and training costs just to keep up with staff attrition. In San Francisco and Oakland, the annual price tag is over $11 million and $12 million, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The academic literature is equivocal about the connection between the cost of housing and teacher turnover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that teachers who are in schools with higher compensation are more likely to stay,” says Anne Podolsky, a policy analyst at the Learning Policy Institute. “So if you think about housing incentives as just one form of compensation, we might have reason to believe that that would be associated with teachers who are going to stay in their schools longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Podolsky points to a national survey that found one in four former teachers said that they would consider returning to the profession if it offered housing incentives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that it’s successful because we continue to have waitlists,” says Jennifer Dericco, a spokesperson for Santa Clara’s school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it may be San Francisco’s turn. With some of the highest housing prices in the country and teacher attrition \u003ca href=\"http://citiesandschools.berkeley.edu/uploads/SFUSD_PLUS_Brief_2016_FINAL_.pdf\">rates\u003c/a> that hover around 10 percent every year, San Francisco seems a likely candidate for a robust teacher housing program. In 2015, the city’s mayor, Ed Lee, \u003ca href=\"http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/blog/real-estate/2015/10/affordable-housings-sf-teachers-middle-class.html\">announced\u003c/a> plans to build 100 new apartments specifically for teachers on district property. The new law allows the mayor and school district to take one step closer to that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other districts may follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[TeacherSalaryRent]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anywhere in the Bay Area you’re going to have challenges for housing, and you hear of teachers driving long distances to get to work everyday,” says Debra Carlton, senior vice president of public affairs for the California Apartment Association, a rental housing trade group. “This bill is step number one; step number two is making sure that your local officials, your school districts, et cetera, see it as just as important as San Francisco does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also clear that low-income housing tax credits -- the affordable housing subsidies that the Teacher Housing Act now allows districts and their co-developers to draw from -- are finite. Last year, the State Treasurer’s Office received 163 qualifying applications for its competitive low-income housing tax credit, but only had the resources to fund 82 of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s not even clear that most teachers would qualify for subsidized units. According to Mark Stivers, who heads the California Tax Credit Allocation Committee at the Treasurer’s Office, the rents charged at complexes constructed or renovated with low-income tax credit support range from 30 percent to 60 percent of an area’s median income. That puts the upper income \u003ca href=\"http://sfmohcd.org/sites/default/files/Documents/MOH/2016_AMI_IncomeLimits-SanFranHMFA.pdf\">threshold\u003c/a> in a city like San Francisco at $45,250 for one person. Certainly some teachers make less than this, but the district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/fd/cs/documents/j90summary1516.pdf\">average\u003c/a> salary is $67,537.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the complexities, costs and delays associated with constructing housing specifically for teachers, there’s an obvious question: “Why not pay them more?” says Monkkonen. “That would be the easier thing to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But is also assumes that schools could negotiate such a targeted pay hike with their respective teacher unions. And whereas districts cover operational costs like salaries with funds from the state, which vary little from year to year, districts can be more creative in funding capital projects. For example, Santa Clara’s district paid for the Casa del Maestro project by issuing “certificates of participation” -- financial instruments in which rent payments are divided up and paid directly to investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond these purely financial considerations, there are other reasons that school districts may prefer brick and mortar, says Lindsay Maple, a graduate student researcher at UC Berkeley’s Center for Cities & Schools and a former teacher in Oakland and East Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a very visible way to commit and to show that they’re dedicated to finding a solution,” she says. Simply providing a plan to build housing may in and of itself serve as a recruitment and retainment tool. Plus, it’s more likely to grab the attention and sympathy of voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, she’s skeptical that housing is the most effective solution, on a dollar-for-dollar basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you have a school district with 6,500 teachers and you’re going to build a building with 100 units -- do the cost-benefit analysis,” she says. “Does that really impact student outcomes on such a level where (a housing project) makes sense when you’re using that much money?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any case, for school districts, housing can be a risky business. When the Santa Clara district built Casa del Maestro, it funded the nearly $6.5 million construction project with borrowed money, with the interest payments on those bonds paid for entirely with rental payments from the teacher tenants. The financial transactions, along with the day-to-day operations of the housing complex, are managed by independent third parties. According to the district, this is all designed to protect district dollars. But it’s also a unique -- and uniquely complex -- arrangement that other districts may have a difficult time replicating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And school districts will ultimately confront what is already obvious to developers: Building new housing in urban California is really hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cupertino Union School District discovered as much when it announced plans to convert a former elementary school into teacher housing in 2015, only to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/CupertinoUnion-School-District-Abandons-Teacher-Housing-Project-Cites-Tensions-381578961.html\">drop\u003c/a> the idea in the face of fierce opposition from local residents who opposed giving up school land for residential development, and questioned whether new housing would actually retain teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, the Oakland Unified School District announced its own \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/realestate/oakland-school-district-creates-plan-for-affordable-housing-for-teachers/973340/\">teacher workforce housing\u003c/a> initiative two years ago, only to see the plan stall for lack of a developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the Los Angeles Unified School District has had more success in developing affordable housing projects than any other district in the state, of the three housing complexes on district land, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-edu-teacher-housing-20161019-snap-story.html\">none\u003c/a> can count a district teacher as a tenant. Because the projects were financed in part with state and federal affordable housing tax credits, the units have gone to lower-earning district employees, such as cafeteria workers and teacher assistants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On top of the complications that confound housing developments across the state, local ordinances and regulations may pose further obstacles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take Berkeley, which is considering a workforce housing initiative. Whereas a project like Casa del Maestro is based on the notion that subsidized housing should be provided to new teachers for a limited time (seven years), after which the tenancy agreement ends, as Maple from the Center for Cities & Schools points out, this would certainly violate Berkeley’s “just cause” eviction regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The development idea is sexy at the moment,” says UC Berkeley’s Vincent. “But districts need to be really careful in understanding their risks associated with these developments.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent applauds what Santa Clara has done: Rather than placing young, inexperienced teachers in “dorm-style housing” for short period of time, the Casa del Maestro seems designed to keep educators in the district for the long term. But he wonders how many school districts possess the expertise to pull it off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s extremely complicated -- and they can get hosed pretty easily,” he says. “Most districts aren’t set up to be landlords.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ben Christopher is a contributing writer at CALmatters.org—a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Rains Ease the Drought — and Boost California’s Power Supply, Too",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even as \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dam spillways are put to the test\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/22/san-jose-flooding-14000-told-to-evacuate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parts of Northern California flood\u003c/a>, there’s a silver lining to all the rain, beyond ending the drought. It gives California more hydroelectric power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the thick of the drought last year and previous years, the dam levels all over the Northwest actually were low. And so we didn’t have as much hydropower available, dispatchable, as we normally would want or expect,” said California Energy Commissioner Andrew McAllister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so we had to make that up, often with power plants that use fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the drought in 2014, \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/hydroelectric/\">hydroelectricity\u003c/a> made up 6 percent of the power in California, compared to 12 percent the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/03/2017-03-01c-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/SpillwayAbove-1920x1048.jpg\" Title=\"Rains Ease the Drought — And Boost California’s Power Supply, Too\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/impacts-of-californias-ongoing-drought-hydroelectricity-generation-2015-update/\">report\u003c/a> last year by the Pacific Institute, a water think tank, found the four years of drought increased electricity costs in California by more than $2 billion and increased the amount of carbon dioxide from the state’s power plants by 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now lakes are overflowing, even before the snowmelt. Power is expected to be abundant from dams, such as those at Oroville and Shasta lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that we have a bit more hydro resource we can use, then the carbon content of our power will go down and this year should look relatively better than some of the previous years,” McAllister said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Pages/default.aspx\">California Independent System Operator,\u003c/a> or Cal-ISO, operates the state’s power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”QpeiKfaDheJcnfFNJFbWHV7Lo7otYJYr”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It works somewhat like a clearinghouse. Power makers bid into the system. Utilities decide which mix of resources they want — hydro, solar, natural gas — and buy power to balance their portfolios with the desired mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year’s options will include more hydroelectric power, sending it flowing through the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll see it reflected in the wholesale market, and that’s the way the wholesale market works,” Peter Klauer of Cal-ISO said. “It’s a competitive market, so you’ve got bid-in supply and you’ve got demand also, what people are willing to buy energy for. And when there’s an abundance of energy, prices will go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means lower wholesale power rates, though it’s not clear how much they would go down. But when it comes to your electricity bill, the wholesale rates might not matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the moment, there’s kind of a disconnect between retail and wholesale. And a temporary lowering of wholesale costs doesn’t necessarily mean that your retail costs go down,” said Klauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all depends if your utility decides to pass the wholesale savings to you.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "There’s another way all this rain is good for the environment: more hydropower, and as a result, a decrease in California’s reliance on fossil fuel power plants.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even as \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/07/engineers-assess-spillway-problem-at-oroville-dam/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dam spillways are put to the test\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/22/san-jose-flooding-14000-told-to-evacuate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">parts of Northern California flood\u003c/a>, there’s a silver lining to all the rain, beyond ending the drought. It gives California more hydroelectric power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the thick of the drought last year and previous years, the dam levels all over the Northwest actually were low. And so we didn’t have as much hydropower available, dispatchable, as we normally would want or expect,” said California Energy Commissioner Andrew McAllister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And so we had to make that up, often with power plants that use fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the drought in 2014, \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.ca.gov/hydroelectric/\">hydroelectricity\u003c/a> made up 6 percent of the power in California, compared to 12 percent the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/impacts-of-californias-ongoing-drought-hydroelectricity-generation-2015-update/\">report\u003c/a> last year by the Pacific Institute, a water think tank, found the four years of drought increased electricity costs in California by more than $2 billion and increased the amount of carbon dioxide from the state’s power plants by 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now lakes are overflowing, even before the snowmelt. Power is expected to be abundant from dams, such as those at Oroville and Shasta lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that we have a bit more hydro resource we can use, then the carbon content of our power will go down and this year should look relatively better than some of the previous years,” McAllister said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.caiso.com/Pages/default.aspx\">California Independent System Operator,\u003c/a> or Cal-ISO, operates the state’s power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It works somewhat like a clearinghouse. Power makers bid into the system. Utilities decide which mix of resources they want — hydro, solar, natural gas — and buy power to balance their portfolios with the desired mix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this year’s options will include more hydroelectric power, sending it flowing through the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll see it reflected in the wholesale market, and that’s the way the wholesale market works,” Peter Klauer of Cal-ISO said. “It’s a competitive market, so you’ve got bid-in supply and you’ve got demand also, what people are willing to buy energy for. And when there’s an abundance of energy, prices will go down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means lower wholesale power rates, though it’s not clear how much they would go down. But when it comes to your electricity bill, the wholesale rates might not matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the moment, there’s kind of a disconnect between retail and wholesale. And a temporary lowering of wholesale costs doesn’t necessarily mean that your retail costs go down,” said Klauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That all depends if your utility decides to pass the wholesale savings to you.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Advocates Push State to Restore Funds for Disabled Californians",
"title": "Advocates Push State to Restore Funds for Disabled Californians",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wilma Brown is one of 1.3 million Californians trying to make ends meet on just $895 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 61-year-old became homeless seven years ago, when she finally summoned the courage to leave an abusive relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just left, packed up everything and left everything behind, and just left hoping I would never see this person again,\" she said. \"And I’ve been homeless ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later, Brown had to stop working -- she had a job in retail -- after she hurt her back. Since then, she’s been on a government program known as Supplemental Security Income (SSI).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Even $10 is a big difference when you are on the streets looking for food. It could mean transportation, it could mean maybe even getting your clothes washed.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The program provides cash grants to 1.3 million low-income Californians who can’t work and don’t qualify for Social Security. It’s funded largely by the federal government, but California kicks in a couple of hundred dollars a month to help supplement the federal portion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Couples are eligible for $1,510 a month. Single adults like Brown get $895 a month -- an income that puts her below the federal poverty line. In California, SSI recipients are not eligible to receive food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s really tough, just living paycheck to paycheck, not knowing where your next meal is coming from,\" said Brown, who also suffers from debilitating depression if she's not on the right medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/03/2017-03-01d-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Wilma-800x701.jpg\" Title=\"Advocates Push State to Restore Funds for Disabled Californians\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While housing and other costs in California have soared in recent years as the economy rebounded from the Great Recession, Brown's monthly check is actually smaller than it would have been eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, as the economy crashed, the state starting slashing public programs to grapple with huge budget shortfalls. The SSI program was one of those on the chopping block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2010, the state began cutting its portion of the monthly payments, then at a high of $233 a month. By 2012, that state portion had fallen by $77 a month to $156 -- the minimum required under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janny Castillo works with seniors and others at St. Mary’s Center in Oakland, a nonprofit that provides services to at-risk seniors, including Brown. She said every dollar counts when you're living on a fixed income like Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even $10 is a big difference when you are on the streets looking for food. It could mean transportation, it could mean maybe even getting your clothes washed. Can you imagine not being able to wear clean clothes?\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo is among the advocates pushing lawmakers and the governor to increase the state payments to SSI recipients. They note that the program has grown by 72,000 people over the past decade, as more Californians were pushed into poverty by the recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As state leaders gear up for this spring's budget season, though, it seems unlikely they'll be able to convince Gov. Jerry Brown to increase the payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"BLMbe5DdATincUuOTvZdBSjWYUZplh3X\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/10/governor-jerry-brown-says-state-should-plan-for-rainy-budget-days/\" target=\"_blank\">struck a note of caution\u003c/a> this year: His administration is forecasting a $1.6 billion budget shortfall next fiscal year, and is also bracing for potential cuts to health care and other federally funded programs by Republicans in Congress and President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H.D. Palmer, a spokesman for the Department of Finance, noted that Brown did modestly increase the state's portion this year, offering SSI recipients the first cost-of-living increase in 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bump? Four dollars a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer said the governor has worked hard to restore cuts made during the recession and has added back $18 billion a year since 2012 to anti-poverty programs, including expanding health care to the poor, increasing the minimum wage and expanding eligibility for the state's welfare-to-work program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer says this year's cost-of-living increases for SSI recipients are part of that -- but that it would be hard to go any further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the grant levels were to be restored to their pre-recession levels, the cost to the general fund for that alone would probably run in the neighborhood of several billion dollars,\" Palmer said. \"So the question is where do you take those monies from? Do you take them out of health and human services? Do you take them out of education programs? What other part of the budget do we cut?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Me7QQgndCn7Dwjvuwr6KVnuLQaYPx5cL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates for the poor argue that SSI recipients are among the state's most vulnerable and deserve to be a priority in state budget discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The population is predominantly women from communities of color -- black, Latina, Asian-American women -- who have faced the challenges we heard from Wilma,\" said Andrew Cheyne, director of government affairs for the California Association of Food Banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe they have had to care for family members, maybe they have experienced barriers in the labor force and job market, which has prevented folks from being able to save for an older age, and now they are forced to live on an inhuman amount.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheyne said people on SSI all over the state are living on the edge, even in places with lower costs of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Humboldt County ... 40 percent of food bank clientele are folks who are living on SSI,\" he said. \"Because every month, the monthly check doesn't go far enough and the first thing they cut back on, because they have to, is food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Wilma Brown is getting help from St. Mary's Center -- they placed her in temporary housing, and offer meals and other support. And she's trying to put a tiny bit away each month so that eventually she can afford to rent a permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am hoping to have enough saved for first and last month's rent,\" Brown said. \"It's hopeful. I am feeling optimistic ... but it would be a good help, a great help, if they could give us more money.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wilma Brown is one of 1.3 million Californians trying to make ends meet on just $895 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 61-year-old became homeless seven years ago, when she finally summoned the courage to leave an abusive relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just left, packed up everything and left everything behind, and just left hoping I would never see this person again,\" she said. \"And I’ve been homeless ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few years later, Brown had to stop working -- she had a job in retail -- after she hurt her back. Since then, she’s been on a government program known as Supplemental Security Income (SSI).\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Even $10 is a big difference when you are on the streets looking for food. It could mean transportation, it could mean maybe even getting your clothes washed.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The program provides cash grants to 1.3 million low-income Californians who can’t work and don’t qualify for Social Security. It’s funded largely by the federal government, but California kicks in a couple of hundred dollars a month to help supplement the federal portion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Couples are eligible for $1,510 a month. Single adults like Brown get $895 a month -- an income that puts her below the federal poverty line. In California, SSI recipients are not eligible to receive food stamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s really tough, just living paycheck to paycheck, not knowing where your next meal is coming from,\" said Brown, who also suffers from debilitating depression if she's not on the right medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While housing and other costs in California have soared in recent years as the economy rebounded from the Great Recession, Brown's monthly check is actually smaller than it would have been eight years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2009, as the economy crashed, the state starting slashing public programs to grapple with huge budget shortfalls. The SSI program was one of those on the chopping block.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in 2010, the state began cutting its portion of the monthly payments, then at a high of $233 a month. By 2012, that state portion had fallen by $77 a month to $156 -- the minimum required under federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Janny Castillo works with seniors and others at St. Mary’s Center in Oakland, a nonprofit that provides services to at-risk seniors, including Brown. She said every dollar counts when you're living on a fixed income like Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even $10 is a big difference when you are on the streets looking for food. It could mean transportation, it could mean maybe even getting your clothes washed. Can you imagine not being able to wear clean clothes?\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Castillo is among the advocates pushing lawmakers and the governor to increase the state payments to SSI recipients. They note that the program has grown by 72,000 people over the past decade, as more Californians were pushed into poverty by the recession.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As state leaders gear up for this spring's budget season, though, it seems unlikely they'll be able to convince Gov. Jerry Brown to increase the payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/10/governor-jerry-brown-says-state-should-plan-for-rainy-budget-days/\" target=\"_blank\">struck a note of caution\u003c/a> this year: His administration is forecasting a $1.6 billion budget shortfall next fiscal year, and is also bracing for potential cuts to health care and other federally funded programs by Republicans in Congress and President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>H.D. Palmer, a spokesman for the Department of Finance, noted that Brown did modestly increase the state's portion this year, offering SSI recipients the first cost-of-living increase in 12 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bump? Four dollars a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer said the governor has worked hard to restore cuts made during the recession and has added back $18 billion a year since 2012 to anti-poverty programs, including expanding health care to the poor, increasing the minimum wage and expanding eligibility for the state's welfare-to-work program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palmer says this year's cost-of-living increases for SSI recipients are part of that -- but that it would be hard to go any further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If the grant levels were to be restored to their pre-recession levels, the cost to the general fund for that alone would probably run in the neighborhood of several billion dollars,\" Palmer said. \"So the question is where do you take those monies from? Do you take them out of health and human services? Do you take them out of education programs? What other part of the budget do we cut?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates for the poor argue that SSI recipients are among the state's most vulnerable and deserve to be a priority in state budget discussions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The population is predominantly women from communities of color -- black, Latina, Asian-American women -- who have faced the challenges we heard from Wilma,\" said Andrew Cheyne, director of government affairs for the California Association of Food Banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Maybe they have had to care for family members, maybe they have experienced barriers in the labor force and job market, which has prevented folks from being able to save for an older age, and now they are forced to live on an inhuman amount.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheyne said people on SSI all over the state are living on the edge, even in places with lower costs of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In Humboldt County ... 40 percent of food bank clientele are folks who are living on SSI,\" he said. \"Because every month, the monthly check doesn't go far enough and the first thing they cut back on, because they have to, is food.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Wilma Brown is getting help from St. Mary's Center -- they placed her in temporary housing, and offer meals and other support. And she's trying to put a tiny bit away each month so that eventually she can afford to rent a permanent home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am hoping to have enough saved for first and last month's rent,\" Brown said. \"It's hopeful. I am feeling optimistic ... but it would be a good help, a great help, if they could give us more money.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The widow of the gunman who killed dozens of people at a Florida nightclub is not a danger to the public and will be released from jail ahead of her trial on charges of aiding the attack, a federal judge in California decided Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Magistrate Judge Donna Ryu also said there is no evidence that Noor Salman, 31, has connections to the Islamic State group or holds extremist views. Her husband, Omar Mateen, pledged allegiance to several terror organizations during the shooting that killed 49 people at Pulse nightclub in Orlando before police killed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors argued against Salman’s release on $500,000 bond, calling her a danger to the public. She will stay behind bars for two days so the government can appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge said Salman was not a flight risk and will wear an electronic ankle monitor while she lives with her uncle in Northern California. After the June 12 attack, she moved from Orlando to her mother’s suburban San Francisco home, where she was arrested in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salman’s mother and uncle put up their houses to guarantee that Salman won’t flee. Ryu called the conditions of Salman’s release “essentially house arrest,” because she can only leave for court appearances, meetings with her local attorneys and doctor’s appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that Noor Salman should be home with her family. So does the magistrate,” Salman’s attorney Charles Swift said after the hearing. “I think the facts and the law speaks for itself. It’s not easy to get bond in a case like this, but what it shows is this is an extraordinary case, which leads you to some questions in the case itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense attorney Linda Moreno called the decision “extraordinarily rare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In most of the so-called terrorism cases around the United States, we’ve seen this in perhaps 1 or 2 percent of those cases brought, so this is extraordinarily rare and a real statement on the weakness of the prosecution’s case,” Moreno said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors did not provide a statement following the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salman has pleaded not guilty to charges of aiding and abetting Mateen and lying to investigators after the shooting. A trial has not been scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors accused her of accompanying Mateen on scouting trips to the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salman initially said she didn’t know anything about the attack but later told investigators Mateen abused steroids, was “pumped up” on the night of the attack and said “this is the one day” as he walked out the door, federal prosecutor Sara Sweeney has said in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney also said the couple ran up $25,000 in credit card debt and spent $5,000 in cash in the days before the shooting. Among the purchases was an $8,000 diamond ring for Salman. In addition, they made Salman the death beneficiary of his bank account, prosecutors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salman’s attorney, Charles Swift, said outside court earlier this month that Salman made those statements without a lawyer present during an 18-hour interrogation immediately after the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press’ Paul Elias and KQED’s Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The widow of the gunman who killed dozens of people at a Florida nightclub is not a danger to the public and will be released from jail ahead of her trial on charges of aiding the attack, a federal judge in California decided Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Magistrate Judge Donna Ryu also said there is no evidence that Noor Salman, 31, has connections to the Islamic State group or holds extremist views. Her husband, Omar Mateen, pledged allegiance to several terror organizations during the shooting that killed 49 people at Pulse nightclub in Orlando before police killed him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors argued against Salman’s release on $500,000 bond, calling her a danger to the public. She will stay behind bars for two days so the government can appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge said Salman was not a flight risk and will wear an electronic ankle monitor while she lives with her uncle in Northern California. After the June 12 attack, she moved from Orlando to her mother’s suburban San Francisco home, where she was arrested in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salman’s mother and uncle put up their houses to guarantee that Salman won’t flee. Ryu called the conditions of Salman’s release “essentially house arrest,” because she can only leave for court appearances, meetings with her local attorneys and doctor’s appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that Noor Salman should be home with her family. So does the magistrate,” Salman’s attorney Charles Swift said after the hearing. “I think the facts and the law speaks for itself. It’s not easy to get bond in a case like this, but what it shows is this is an extraordinary case, which leads you to some questions in the case itself.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense attorney Linda Moreno called the decision “extraordinarily rare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In most of the so-called terrorism cases around the United States, we’ve seen this in perhaps 1 or 2 percent of those cases brought, so this is extraordinarily rare and a real statement on the weakness of the prosecution’s case,” Moreno said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors did not provide a statement following the hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salman has pleaded not guilty to charges of aiding and abetting Mateen and lying to investigators after the shooting. A trial has not been scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors accused her of accompanying Mateen on scouting trips to the bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salman initially said she didn’t know anything about the attack but later told investigators Mateen abused steroids, was “pumped up” on the night of the attack and said “this is the one day” as he walked out the door, federal prosecutor Sara Sweeney has said in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sweeney also said the couple ran up $25,000 in credit card debt and spent $5,000 in cash in the days before the shooting. Among the purchases was an $8,000 diamond ring for Salman. In addition, they made Salman the death beneficiary of his bank account, prosecutors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salman’s attorney, Charles Swift, said outside court earlier this month that Salman made those statements without a lawyer present during an 18-hour interrogation immediately after the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from the Associated Press’ Paul Elias and KQED’s Alex Emslie.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Winter Rains Leave Forests Flush With Fungi",
"headTitle": "Winter Rains Leave Forests Flush With Fungi | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Mushroom foragers are having a heyday this winter. All over the Bay Area they’re bringing home soggy buckets and heavy bags brimming with edible varieties, whether for themselves, restaurants, or farmers markets. After four years of drought, the moisture, temperature and light are finally ideal for fungi to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Warning: Mushrooms Can Be Deadly\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The death cap mushroom kills and poisons more people every year than any other mushroom. This year the California Poison Control System received a record number of calls in December from foragers who accidentally consumed the toxic variety. \u003cstrong>Watch \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/23/this-mushroom-starts-killing-you-before-you-even-realize-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this video\u003cspan style=\"color: #2b2b2b\"> to learn more.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Ahhh… chanterelle!” enthusiastically exclaims Brennan Wenck-Reilly, the president of the Mycological Society of San Francisco, who was foraging in a lush forest near Pacifica. He’s uncovered a squash-colored trumpet mushroom underneath a layer of saturated leaves. He wipes off the gill-like ridges and sniffs for the characteristic nutty aroma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wenck says this year’s bounty is outstanding even for a wet winter. “On a scale of one to ten I’d probably give it like a 12.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1425933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1425933\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A pile of chanterelles collected along the northern California coast. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pile of chanterelles collected along the northern California coast. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent hunt in Mendocino County, Wenck says foragers simply stopped picking because the abundance was staggering. “If you really wanted to, you could have collected hundreds of pounds of this \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareamushrooms.org/mushroommonth/coccora.html\">cocora\u003c/a> that was just coming up everywhere,” says Wenck. Coccora is one of northern California’s most prized varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not Every Mushroom Is Created Equal\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But foragers have to be careful, Wenck warns. He points to an egg-shaped white mushroom lurking behind the trunk of a large tree. The small fungi looks harmless, but it’s a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/23/this-mushroom-starts-killing-you-before-you-even-realize-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">death cap\u003c/a>\u003cb>, \u003c/b>easy to confuse with other wild varieties like coccora, \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar%27s_mushroom\">caesar’s mushroom\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvariella_volvacea\">straw mushroom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘On a scale of one to ten I’d probably give it like a 12.’ \u003ccite>Brennan Wenck-Reilly, Mycological Society of San Francisco\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The California Poison Control System received a record number of calls from people who got sick from eating wild mushrooms in December — although no one who ate them died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though fungi are prolific this season, there are some species foragers haven’t seen at all — even with the rain. Mycologists aren’t sure why some mushrooms produced copious fruiting bodies this winter and others lay dormant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know a lot about the ecology of mushrooms in general, hence we don’t even know how to get a lot of them to produce fruiting bodies for commercial production,” says Wenck. “Some mushrooms, like white buttons, are really easy to cultivate, but most mushrooms are really cryptic in what gets them to actually grow. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1425934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 710px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1425934 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601.jpg\" alt=\"An inedible rosy russula in Redwood Regional Park. \" width=\"710\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601.jpg 710w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601-160x136.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601-240x204.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601-375x319.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601-520x442.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An inedible rosy russula in Redwood Regional Park. \u003ccite>(Wendy Goodfriend/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mystery of Mushrooms\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to study fungi because most of the kingdom is actually invisible to us. The cap, or fruiting body, so easy to see on the forest floor is only the tip of a much bigger main organism called \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mycelium\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mycelium \u003c/a>— the root-like, feathery tendrils that thread underground, deriving nourishment from the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact the largest organism on the planet is thought to be a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141114-the-biggest-organism-in-the-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">humungous fungus\u003c/a> spreading for miles underground in the Blue Mountains of Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if a mushroom doesn’t produce a fruiting body above ground, scientists have to search hard to find suspected fungi by taking soil samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a biologist walks out in the woods they’re going to see virtually all of the plants species,” says San Francisco State University mycologist J.R. Blair. “If you go out during all seasons you’re going to see all the bird species in a certain area too. But if the mushrooms don’t produce fruiting bodies you’re not going to know that they’re there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mystery of mushroom ecology and the unpredictability of mushroom caps is part of what hooks foragers, but they’re not the only ones fascinated by fungi. Mushrooms are increasingly popular with foodies as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1425939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1425939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"Maitake mushroom surrounded by King Trumpet and button mushrooms. \" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maitake mushroom surrounded by King Trumpet and button mushrooms. \u003ccite>(Wendy Goodfriend/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mushroom Demand Skyrockets\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demand for commercially cultivated mushrooms has been spiking in recent years, with U.S. farms producing 25 percent more mushrooms today than a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest mushroom farm in North America is just south of Santa Cruz. \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereymushrooms.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Mushrooms\u003c/a> produces about 120,000 pounds of mushrooms daily, most of it is just one species — Agaricus bisporus, grown a few different ways. Most common is the white button. A cremini is the brown version. A portabello is the mature version. Portabellos boast the richest flavor because they have the least water content, leading to a more profuse mushroom flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fruiting bodies grow at the rate of about an inch and a half a day. “They’re actually growing right in front of your eyes,” says Monterey Mushroom employee Matt Fuller as he swings opens the door to a dimly lit room inside a humid barn. Stacks of layered planter boxes brim with portobello caps from floor to ceiling. But Fuller says the mushrooms are actually not growing fast enough to keep up with increasing demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medicinal Value\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mushroom Council, an industry group, credits the demand to consumers looking for nutrient rich alternatives to meat. But it’s not just the chewy texture of mushrooms that’s appealing; they’re also marketed as a superfood, and the trend has some research behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1426048\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 274px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1426048\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Mushroom-Nutrition-Facts2016.jpg\" alt=\"The nutritional value of five white button mushrooms. \" width=\"274\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Mushroom-Nutrition-Facts2016.jpg 274w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Mushroom-Nutrition-Facts2016-160x303.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Mushroom-Nutrition-Facts2016-240x455.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The nutritional value of five white button mushrooms. \u003ccite>(Mushroom Council )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.christopherhobbs.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Hobbs\u003c/a> says mushrooms are a nutritional powerhouse. Hobbs is also an herbalist and the author of the book \u003cem>Medicinal Mushrooms\u003c/em>. “Three oyster mushroom fruiting bodies would be comparable to a half cup of greens that are cooked and two eggs, for instance,” says Hobbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/3595?manu=&fgcd=&ds=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United States Department of Agruiculture (USDA)\u003c/a> says fungi are low in fat, sodium and cholesterol. Plus they contain protein, vitamins and trace minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Academic researchers in both the U.S. and abroad are \u003ca href=\"http://m.mushroominfo.com/research/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studying\u003c/a> whether mushrooms can boost the immune system to fight allergies and viruses. Currently most of the science is preliminary, though Asian cultures have used mushrooms as medicine for centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The oyster mushrooms and the shiitake are well-known to decrease cholesterol levels and also stabilize blood sugar levels,” says Hobbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1425937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1425937\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"XXX sold by Farwest Fungi in San Francisco. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yellow oyster mushrooms sold by Farwest Fungi in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20196600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">researchers\u003c/a> in Korea found that a mushroom extract reduced blood sugar in diabetic rats as effectively as the standard diabetes drug, metformin. More human trials are needed to confirm the research results found in animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western practitioners are beginning to follow the example of Japanese and Chinese doctors who use medicinal mushrooms in standard cancer treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF oncologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfhealth.org/donald.abrams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Donald I. Abrams\u003c/a> recommends mushroom extracts to his patients to boost their immune response, complement chemotherapy or help with treatment side affects. He says each species has different health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For example, I recommended \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-602-cordyceps.aspx?activeingredientid=602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cordyceps\u003c/a> to a recent patient who was concerned with his libido,” says Abrams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abrams is helping the National Cancer Institute compile a detailed review of all the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/mushrooms-pdq#link/_97_toc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">animal \u003c/a>and human \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/mushrooms-pdq#link/_77_toc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trials\u003c/a> on mushrooms used to treat cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most studies to date have been done in China,” says Abrams. “But we are quite American-centric and so anything done in another country tends to get discounted. I’m trying to present and assimilate the data for patients or practitioners who are interested in the research available on mushrooms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abram says more research is necessary to conclude how mushrooms can fight cancer. “Yet, my patients don’t necessarily have time for the research to catch up, so I want to offer them something helpful that’s not likely harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Mushrooms foragers are harvesting buckets of fungi from wet forests, but its not just wild mushroom that are on the rise. Demand for commercial mushrooms is also skyrocketing. ",
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"description": "Mushrooms foragers are harvesting buckets of fungi from wet forests, but its not just wild mushroom that are on the rise. Demand for commercial mushrooms is also skyrocketing. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Mushroom foragers are having a heyday this winter. All over the Bay Area they’re bringing home soggy buckets and heavy bags brimming with edible varieties, whether for themselves, restaurants, or farmers markets. After four years of drought, the moisture, temperature and light are finally ideal for fungi to thrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Warning: Mushrooms Can Be Deadly\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The death cap mushroom kills and poisons more people every year than any other mushroom. This year the California Poison Control System received a record number of calls in December from foragers who accidentally consumed the toxic variety. \u003cstrong>Watch \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/23/this-mushroom-starts-killing-you-before-you-even-realize-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this video\u003cspan style=\"color: #2b2b2b\"> to learn more.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Ahhh… chanterelle!” enthusiastically exclaims Brennan Wenck-Reilly, the president of the Mycological Society of San Francisco, who was foraging in a lush forest near Pacifica. He’s uncovered a squash-colored trumpet mushroom underneath a layer of saturated leaves. He wipes off the gill-like ridges and sniffs for the characteristic nutty aroma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wenck says this year’s bounty is outstanding even for a wet winter. “On a scale of one to ten I’d probably give it like a 12.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1425933\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1425933\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A pile of chanterelles collected along the northern California coast. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/chanterrelle-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A pile of chanterelles collected along the northern California coast. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent hunt in Mendocino County, Wenck says foragers simply stopped picking because the abundance was staggering. “If you really wanted to, you could have collected hundreds of pounds of this \u003ca href=\"http://www.bayareamushrooms.org/mushroommonth/coccora.html\">cocora\u003c/a> that was just coming up everywhere,” says Wenck. Coccora is one of northern California’s most prized varieties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not Every Mushroom Is Created Equal\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But foragers have to be careful, Wenck warns. He points to an egg-shaped white mushroom lurking behind the trunk of a large tree. The small fungi looks harmless, but it’s a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/02/23/this-mushroom-starts-killing-you-before-you-even-realize-it/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">death cap\u003c/a>\u003cb>, \u003c/b>easy to confuse with other wild varieties like coccora, \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caesar%27s_mushroom\">caesar’s mushroom\u003c/a> or a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volvariella_volvacea\">straw mushroom\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘On a scale of one to ten I’d probably give it like a 12.’ \u003ccite>Brennan Wenck-Reilly, Mycological Society of San Francisco\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The California Poison Control System received a record number of calls from people who got sick from eating wild mushrooms in December — although no one who ate them died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though fungi are prolific this season, there are some species foragers haven’t seen at all — even with the rain. Mycologists aren’t sure why some mushrooms produced copious fruiting bodies this winter and others lay dormant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know a lot about the ecology of mushrooms in general, hence we don’t even know how to get a lot of them to produce fruiting bodies for commercial production,” says Wenck. “Some mushrooms, like white buttons, are really easy to cultivate, but most mushrooms are really cryptic in what gets them to actually grow. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1425934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 710px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1425934 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601.jpg\" alt=\"An inedible rosy russula in Redwood Regional Park. \" width=\"710\" height=\"604\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601.jpg 710w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601-160x136.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601-240x204.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601-375x319.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/rosy-rusula-e1487800779601-520x442.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An inedible rosy russula in Redwood Regional Park. \u003ccite>(Wendy Goodfriend/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Mystery of Mushrooms\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to study fungi because most of the kingdom is actually invisible to us. The cap, or fruiting body, so easy to see on the forest floor is only the tip of a much bigger main organism called \u003ca href=\"https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/mycelium\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">mycelium \u003c/a>— the root-like, feathery tendrils that thread underground, deriving nourishment from the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact the largest organism on the planet is thought to be a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/earth/story/20141114-the-biggest-organism-in-the-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">humungous fungus\u003c/a> spreading for miles underground in the Blue Mountains of Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if a mushroom doesn’t produce a fruiting body above ground, scientists have to search hard to find suspected fungi by taking soil samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a biologist walks out in the woods they’re going to see virtually all of the plants species,” says San Francisco State University mycologist J.R. Blair. “If you go out during all seasons you’re going to see all the bird species in a certain area too. But if the mushrooms don’t produce fruiting bodies you’re not going to know that they’re there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mystery of mushroom ecology and the unpredictability of mushroom caps is part of what hooks foragers, but they’re not the only ones fascinated by fungi. Mushrooms are increasingly popular with foodies as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1425939\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1425939\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"Maitake mushroom surrounded by King Trumpet and button mushrooms. \" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/mushroom-gravy1.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maitake mushroom surrounded by King Trumpet and button mushrooms. \u003ccite>(Wendy Goodfriend/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mushroom Demand Skyrockets\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demand for commercially cultivated mushrooms has been spiking in recent years, with U.S. farms producing 25 percent more mushrooms today than a decade ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest mushroom farm in North America is just south of Santa Cruz. \u003ca href=\"http://www.montereymushrooms.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Mushrooms\u003c/a> produces about 120,000 pounds of mushrooms daily, most of it is just one species — Agaricus bisporus, grown a few different ways. Most common is the white button. A cremini is the brown version. A portabello is the mature version. Portabellos boast the richest flavor because they have the least water content, leading to a more profuse mushroom flavor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fruiting bodies grow at the rate of about an inch and a half a day. “They’re actually growing right in front of your eyes,” says Monterey Mushroom employee Matt Fuller as he swings opens the door to a dimly lit room inside a humid barn. Stacks of layered planter boxes brim with portobello caps from floor to ceiling. But Fuller says the mushrooms are actually not growing fast enough to keep up with increasing demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Medicinal Value\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mushroom Council, an industry group, credits the demand to consumers looking for nutrient rich alternatives to meat. But it’s not just the chewy texture of mushrooms that’s appealing; they’re also marketed as a superfood, and the trend has some research behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1426048\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 274px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1426048\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Mushroom-Nutrition-Facts2016.jpg\" alt=\"The nutritional value of five white button mushrooms. \" width=\"274\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Mushroom-Nutrition-Facts2016.jpg 274w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Mushroom-Nutrition-Facts2016-160x303.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Mushroom-Nutrition-Facts2016-240x455.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 274px) 100vw, 274px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The nutritional value of five white button mushrooms. \u003ccite>(Mushroom Council )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Biologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.christopherhobbs.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christopher Hobbs\u003c/a> says mushrooms are a nutritional powerhouse. Hobbs is also an herbalist and the author of the book \u003cem>Medicinal Mushrooms\u003c/em>. “Three oyster mushroom fruiting bodies would be comparable to a half cup of greens that are cooked and two eggs, for instance,” says Hobbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://ndb.nal.usda.gov/ndb/foods/show/3595?manu=&fgcd=&ds=\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">United States Department of Agruiculture (USDA)\u003c/a> says fungi are low in fat, sodium and cholesterol. Plus they contain protein, vitamins and trace minerals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Academic researchers in both the U.S. and abroad are \u003ca href=\"http://m.mushroominfo.com/research/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">studying\u003c/a> whether mushrooms can boost the immune system to fight allergies and viruses. Currently most of the science is preliminary, though Asian cultures have used mushrooms as medicine for centuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The oyster mushrooms and the shiitake are well-known to decrease cholesterol levels and also stabilize blood sugar levels,” says Hobbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1425937\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1425937\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"XXX sold by Farwest Fungi in San Francisco. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/yellow-mushroom-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yellow oyster mushrooms sold by Farwest Fungi in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20196600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">researchers\u003c/a> in Korea found that a mushroom extract reduced blood sugar in diabetic rats as effectively as the standard diabetes drug, metformin. More human trials are needed to confirm the research results found in animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western practitioners are beginning to follow the example of Japanese and Chinese doctors who use medicinal mushrooms in standard cancer treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF oncologist \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfhealth.org/donald.abrams\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Donald I. Abrams\u003c/a> recommends mushroom extracts to his patients to boost their immune response, complement chemotherapy or help with treatment side affects. He says each species has different health benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For example, I recommended \u003ca href=\"http://www.webmd.com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-602-cordyceps.aspx?activeingredientid=602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cordyceps\u003c/a> to a recent patient who was concerned with his libido,” says Abrams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abrams is helping the National Cancer Institute compile a detailed review of all the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/mushrooms-pdq#link/_97_toc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">animal \u003c/a>and human \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/treatment/cam/hp/mushrooms-pdq#link/_77_toc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">clinical trials\u003c/a> on mushrooms used to treat cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most studies to date have been done in China,” says Abrams. “But we are quite American-centric and so anything done in another country tends to get discounted. I’m trying to present and assimilate the data for patients or practitioners who are interested in the research available on mushrooms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abram says more research is necessary to conclude how mushrooms can fight cancer. “Yet, my patients don’t necessarily have time for the research to catch up, so I want to offer them something helpful that’s not likely harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Uber CEO Caught on Video Cursing at Driver Who Questioned Policies",
"title": "Uber CEO Caught on Video Cursing at Driver Who Questioned Policies",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/gTEDYCkNqns\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, credit where credit is due: It was Bloomberg that got hold of video of a San Francisco Uber Black driver, Fawzi Kamel, getting into an argument with the guy who is sort of his boss, Uber CEO Travis Kalanick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalanick had been on his way to a social engagement earlier this month. After arriving at his destination somewhere downtown, he took a moment to be the Important Guy rubbing shoulders with one of the Little People who have helped Uber build a global service valued at nearly $70 billion despite \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/12/uber-could-lose-almost-3-billion-this-year\" target=\"_blank\">astronomical losses\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Some people don't like to take responsibility for their own shit. They blame everything in their life on somebody else. Good luck.'\u003ccite>Travis Kalanick, Uber CEO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kamel complained about Uber's cuts in rates and what he described as the company's constantly shifting business strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are not trusting you,\" Kamel says in the video. \"... I lost $97,000 because of you. I'm bankrupt because of you. You keep changing every day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalanick started out explaining that price cuts -- and thus cuts in driver compensation -- have been necessary because of the company's fight with rival ride service Lyft. But as Kamel's criticism grew sharper, he lost his temper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bullshit,\" Kalanick says. \"You know what? Some people don't like to take responsibility for their own shit. They blame everything in their life on somebody else. Good luck.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good luck to you, too,\" Kamel shouts. \"But I know you don't gonna go far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exchange starts just after the four-minute mark of the video above and continues for about 2 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Bloomberg posted the video, it was Kalanick's turn to take responsibility for his own shit. He issued \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/a-profound-apology/\" target=\"_blank\">a profound apology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By now I’m sure you’ve seen the video where I treated an Uber driver disrespectfully,\" Kalanick wrote. \"To say that I am ashamed is an extreme understatement. My job as your leader is to lead, and that starts with behaving in a way that makes us all proud. That is not what I did, and it cannot be explained away. ... I want to profoundly apologize to Fawzi, as well as the driver and rider community, and to the Uber team.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kalanick video surfaces as the company faces a long run of stories that arguably place the company, never a stranger to controversy, in a harsher light than ever. Here's a quick rundown from Bloomberg:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In December, Uber pulled its self-driving cars \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/21/uber-to-state-weve-pulled-self-driving-cars-from-s-f-streets/\" target=\"_blank\">off the road\u003c/a> in San Francisco after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/14/uber-launches-self-driving-car-service-in-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">the California Department of Motor Vehicles said\u003c/a> they were operating illegally without an autonomous vehicle license. In January, more than 200,000 people uninstalled their accounts, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/deleteuber?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#DeleteUber\u003c/a> trended on Twitter, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/01/29/uber-triggers-protest-for-not-supporting-taxi-strike-against-refugee-ban/?utm_term=.2a56870199b7\" target=\"_blank\">the company was accused\u003c/a> of undermining a New York taxi union strike protesting President Donald Trump’s refugee ban. On Feb. 2, Kalanick reluctantly \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/02/ubers-travis-kalanick-steps-down-from-trumps-advisory-board/\" target=\"_blank\">left his spot\u003c/a> on Trump’s business advisory council to appease the company’s liberal-leaning employees and users—not to mention its many immigrant drivers. On Feb. 19, a former software engineer at Uber \u003ca href=\"https://www.susanjfowler.com/blog/2017/2/19/reflecting-on-one-very-strange-year-at-uber\" target=\"_blank\">wrote a blog post\u003c/a> alleging that she had been propositioned for sex by her manager and that when she’d taken the issue to human resources, an HR rep had said that he wouldn’t be punished, in part, because he was a “high performer.” On Feb. 23, Alphabet’s autonomous car company \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/24/google-spin-off-sues-uber-saying-leader-of-autonomous-vehicle-unit-stole-key-designs/\" target=\"_blank\">Waymo sued Uber\u003c/a> and its self-driving car company Otto, accusing an Uber employee of stealing trade secrets by downloading 14,000 files onto an external hard drive. On Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html\" target=\"_blank\">Uber’s head of engineering resigned\u003c/a> after the company said it learned that he had faced a sexual harassment complaint at Alphabet, his former employer. He denied the allegations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The sexual harassment and discrimination allegations alluded to above, by engineer Susan J. Fowler, describe an unapologetic culture in which Uber's HR department appeared to actively abet a male employee who had approached her and other female workers for sex. Fowler's account \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/2/20/14677546/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick-eric-holder-memo\">prompted the company to retain\u003c/a> former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder to lead an investigation, along with the head of HR, Liane Hornsey, and board member Arianna Huffington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler's charges also led Kalanick to declare, \"I believe in creating a workplace where a deep sense of justice underpins everything we do. ... It is my number one priority that we come through this a better organization, where we live our values and fight for and support those who experience injustice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two people who say they're not impressed by the promise of an investigation are early Uber investors Mitch and Freada Kapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their own \u003ca href=\"https://shift.newco.co/an-open-letter-to-the-uber-board-and-investors-2dc0c48c3a7#.xhi3j48w6\">blog post\u003c/a>, they argue that the promised investigation is hardly independent. Holder and his law firm have been lobbying on behalf of Uber since last June, they say, and Huffington and Hornsey are company insiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More damning, the Kapors says, the Fowler allegations and the company's response appear to repeat earlier behavior:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Silicon Valley prides itself on pattern recognition (often the umbrella under which all sorts of bias lives, but we digress) which supposedly helps them recognize the next Unicorn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a couple of toxic patterns we have observed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has been here many times before, responding to public exposure of bad behavior by holding an all-hands meeting, apologizing and vowing to change, only to quickly return to aggressive business as usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors in high growth, financially successful companies rarely, if ever, call out inexcusable behavior from founders or C-suite executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both of these patterns need to change. Uber’s outsize success in terms of growth of market share, revenues and valuation are impressive, but can never excuse a culture plagued by disrespect, exclusionary cliques, lack of diversity, and tolerance for bullying and harassment of every form.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Culture of disrespect.\" You wonder what the Kapors make of the new Kalanick video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his public apology, the Uber CEO says: \"The criticism we’ve received is a stark reminder that I must fundamentally change as a leader and grow up. This is the first time I’ve been willing to admit that I need leadership help and I intend to get it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Leadership help\"? You mean something like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/2GgHaFvmY3s\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/gTEDYCkNqns\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, credit where credit is due: It was Bloomberg that got hold of video of a San Francisco Uber Black driver, Fawzi Kamel, getting into an argument with the guy who is sort of his boss, Uber CEO Travis Kalanick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalanick had been on his way to a social engagement earlier this month. After arriving at his destination somewhere downtown, he took a moment to be the Important Guy rubbing shoulders with one of the Little People who have helped Uber build a global service valued at nearly $70 billion despite \u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/news/2016/12/uber-could-lose-almost-3-billion-this-year\" target=\"_blank\">astronomical losses\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Some people don't like to take responsibility for their own shit. They blame everything in their life on somebody else. Good luck.'\u003ccite>Travis Kalanick, Uber CEO\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Kamel complained about Uber's cuts in rates and what he described as the company's constantly shifting business strategy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People are not trusting you,\" Kamel says in the video. \"... I lost $97,000 because of you. I'm bankrupt because of you. You keep changing every day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kalanick started out explaining that price cuts -- and thus cuts in driver compensation -- have been necessary because of the company's fight with rival ride service Lyft. But as Kamel's criticism grew sharper, he lost his temper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bullshit,\" Kalanick says. \"You know what? Some people don't like to take responsibility for their own shit. They blame everything in their life on somebody else. Good luck.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Good luck to you, too,\" Kamel shouts. \"But I know you don't gonna go far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exchange starts just after the four-minute mark of the video above and continues for about 2 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once Bloomberg posted the video, it was Kalanick's turn to take responsibility for his own shit. He issued \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/a-profound-apology/\" target=\"_blank\">a profound apology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By now I’m sure you’ve seen the video where I treated an Uber driver disrespectfully,\" Kalanick wrote. \"To say that I am ashamed is an extreme understatement. My job as your leader is to lead, and that starts with behaving in a way that makes us all proud. That is not what I did, and it cannot be explained away. ... I want to profoundly apologize to Fawzi, as well as the driver and rider community, and to the Uber team.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kalanick video surfaces as the company faces a long run of stories that arguably place the company, never a stranger to controversy, in a harsher light than ever. Here's a quick rundown from Bloomberg:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In December, Uber pulled its self-driving cars \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/21/uber-to-state-weve-pulled-self-driving-cars-from-s-f-streets/\" target=\"_blank\">off the road\u003c/a> in San Francisco after \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/14/uber-launches-self-driving-car-service-in-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">the California Department of Motor Vehicles said\u003c/a> they were operating illegally without an autonomous vehicle license. In January, more than 200,000 people uninstalled their accounts, and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/deleteuber?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\">#DeleteUber\u003c/a> trended on Twitter, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/dr-gridlock/wp/2017/01/29/uber-triggers-protest-for-not-supporting-taxi-strike-against-refugee-ban/?utm_term=.2a56870199b7\" target=\"_blank\">the company was accused\u003c/a> of undermining a New York taxi union strike protesting President Donald Trump’s refugee ban. On Feb. 2, Kalanick reluctantly \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/02/ubers-travis-kalanick-steps-down-from-trumps-advisory-board/\" target=\"_blank\">left his spot\u003c/a> on Trump’s business advisory council to appease the company’s liberal-leaning employees and users—not to mention its many immigrant drivers. On Feb. 19, a former software engineer at Uber \u003ca href=\"https://www.susanjfowler.com/blog/2017/2/19/reflecting-on-one-very-strange-year-at-uber\" target=\"_blank\">wrote a blog post\u003c/a> alleging that she had been propositioned for sex by her manager and that when she’d taken the issue to human resources, an HR rep had said that he wouldn’t be punished, in part, because he was a “high performer.” On Feb. 23, Alphabet’s autonomous car company \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/24/google-spin-off-sues-uber-saying-leader-of-autonomous-vehicle-unit-stole-key-designs/\" target=\"_blank\">Waymo sued Uber\u003c/a> and its self-driving car company Otto, accusing an Uber employee of stealing trade secrets by downloading 14,000 files onto an external hard drive. On Monday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/27/technology/uber-sexual-harassment-amit-singhal-resign.html\" target=\"_blank\">Uber’s head of engineering resigned\u003c/a> after the company said it learned that he had faced a sexual harassment complaint at Alphabet, his former employer. He denied the allegations.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The sexual harassment and discrimination allegations alluded to above, by engineer Susan J. Fowler, describe an unapologetic culture in which Uber's HR department appeared to actively abet a male employee who had approached her and other female workers for sex. Fowler's account \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/2/20/14677546/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick-eric-holder-memo\">prompted the company to retain\u003c/a> former U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder to lead an investigation, along with the head of HR, Liane Hornsey, and board member Arianna Huffington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler's charges also led Kalanick to declare, \"I believe in creating a workplace where a deep sense of justice underpins everything we do. ... It is my number one priority that we come through this a better organization, where we live our values and fight for and support those who experience injustice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two people who say they're not impressed by the promise of an investigation are early Uber investors Mitch and Freada Kapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their own \u003ca href=\"https://shift.newco.co/an-open-letter-to-the-uber-board-and-investors-2dc0c48c3a7#.xhi3j48w6\">blog post\u003c/a>, they argue that the promised investigation is hardly independent. Holder and his law firm have been lobbying on behalf of Uber since last June, they say, and Huffington and Hornsey are company insiders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More damning, the Kapors says, the Fowler allegations and the company's response appear to repeat earlier behavior:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Silicon Valley prides itself on pattern recognition (often the umbrella under which all sorts of bias lives, but we digress) which supposedly helps them recognize the next Unicorn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a couple of toxic patterns we have observed:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has been here many times before, responding to public exposure of bad behavior by holding an all-hands meeting, apologizing and vowing to change, only to quickly return to aggressive business as usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investors in high growth, financially successful companies rarely, if ever, call out inexcusable behavior from founders or C-suite executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both of these patterns need to change. Uber’s outsize success in terms of growth of market share, revenues and valuation are impressive, but can never excuse a culture plagued by disrespect, exclusionary cliques, lack of diversity, and tolerance for bullying and harassment of every form.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\"Culture of disrespect.\" You wonder what the Kapors make of the new Kalanick video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of his public apology, the Uber CEO says: \"The criticism we’ve received is a stark reminder that I must fundamentally change as a leader and grow up. This is the first time I’ve been willing to admit that I need leadership help and I intend to get it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Leadership help\"? You mean something like this?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Poetry can be an act of creative resistance. At least that’s the idea for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ybca.org/whats-on/the-2017-poetic-address-to-the-nation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>The Poetic Address to the Nation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, on Saturday, March 11, at the \u003ca href=\"https://ybca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yerba Buena Center for the Arts \u003c/a>(YBCA). The event is the brainchild of a quirky network of artists and activists calling itself \u003ca href=\"http://usdac.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The U.S. Department of Arts and Culture \u003c/a>(USDAC) — decidedly not a government agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The president gives a speech once a year,” says \u003ca href=\"http://usdac.us/team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Horowitz\u003c/a>, who calls himself the Chief Instigator at the USDAC, “what a great time for all of us to come together, and make sense of the country, because Democracy is a conversation not a monologue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12667847 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1.jpg\" alt=\"100Days_400x400z\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past three years, the group has gathered \u003ca href=\"http://psotu17.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story circles in libraries, churches and schools across the country\u003c/a> to coincide with the President’s State of The Union Address. (President Donald Trump’s joint address to Congress stands in this year.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horowitz says that the story circles were especially charged events this year, with many worrying that American democratic values were under attack by the Trump Administration. “We saw a need,” he says, “for people to come together with allies and to know their voices can be amplified outside this circle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvP73nhGDIY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Poetic Address (previously staged in Philadelphia and New York City), is the next step, a chance for writers to distill first-person stories from the circles — about immigration, being a good neighbor, or race — and turn them into poems that speak to the state of the nation. “To take all of those stories, and make sense of them,” Horowitz says, “we need that strange and sharp and precise language that’s possible in poetry to kind of distill the essence of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horowitz and the organizers at YBCA have invited just over a dozen poets to the Saturday event, including Luis Rodriguez, the former Los Angeles poet laureate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ybca.org/staff/marc-bamuthi-joseph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marc Bamuthi Joseph\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poets/detail/michelle-lee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michelle Lee\u003c/a>, Marvin K. White, the youth group \u003ca href=\"http://proud2beblack.org/the-kids/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Young Gifted & Black \u003c/a>and San Francisco’s Tongo Eisen-Martin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yDtHFhS5oCA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really our planet,” Eisen-Martin says. “And we do not have to go along with this kind of farcical organization of power we see right now. The only true power really lies with the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eisen-Martin, a tall bearded poet and an African-American who lives in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/24/san-francisco-could-be-a-lot-whiter-in-25-years-predicts-a-new-profile-of-bay-area/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a city with a fast-shrinking black population\u003c/a>, shares a portion of the poem he plans to read at the Saturday event:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A politician raises his hand. And the crowd shows their teeth.\u003cbr>\nAn oligarch raises his hand, little girls are not safe outside,\u003cbr>\nYou are all high depressed, and comrades in function.\u003cbr>\nFifteen minutes to closing, and the city’s survived another black rebellion, stay down.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQe-E1QsbS8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers hope to boost the voices of resistance to President Trump’s policies on immigration, the environment and health care. But Horowitz says the story circles met in both blue states and red states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got notes from people saying, ‘In my story circle I was able to have my first bipartisan dialogue,'” Horowitz says. “And hopefully it ripples out beyond that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yerba Buena Center for the Arts picked poet and screenwriter Chinaka Hodge to emcee the event. She says she doesn’t expect a lot of Trump supporters at YBCA on Saturday, but she said the livestream on Facebook could build some bridges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12870975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12870975\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-800x434.jpg\" alt=\"Chinaka Hodge will MC the Poetic Address to the Nation March 11th at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts\" width=\"800\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-800x434.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-160x87.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-768x417.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-1020x553.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-1920x1042.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-1180x640.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-960x521.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-240x130.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-375x203.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-520x282.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinaka Hodge will emcee the Poetic Address to the Nation on March 11th at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of YBCA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m hoping someone who’s not expecting to be moved,” she says, “who’s expecting to heckle, to troll our Facebook livestream, I hope they find some inspiration, and they see themselves reflected, and we’re telling their story as well, and we have a real dialogue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg\" alt=\"Q.Logo.Break\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Poetic Address to the Nation gets underway on Saturday, March 11, at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. More details and info \u003ca href=\"https://www.ybca.org/whats-on/the-2017-poetic-address-to-the-nation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Poetry can be an act of creative resistance. At least that’s the idea for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ybca.org/whats-on/the-2017-poetic-address-to-the-nation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>The Poetic Address to the Nation\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, on Saturday, March 11, at the \u003ca href=\"https://ybca.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yerba Buena Center for the Arts \u003c/a>(YBCA). The event is the brainchild of a quirky network of artists and activists calling itself \u003ca href=\"http://usdac.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The U.S. Department of Arts and Culture \u003c/a>(USDAC) — decidedly not a government agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The president gives a speech once a year,” says \u003ca href=\"http://usdac.us/team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adam Horowitz\u003c/a>, who calls himself the Chief Instigator at the USDAC, “what a great time for all of us to come together, and make sense of the country, because Democracy is a conversation not a monologue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12667847 alignright\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1.jpg\" alt=\"100Days_400x400z\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/01/100Days_400x400z-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past three years, the group has gathered \u003ca href=\"http://psotu17.tumblr.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story circles in libraries, churches and schools across the country\u003c/a> to coincide with the President’s State of The Union Address. (President Donald Trump’s joint address to Congress stands in this year.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horowitz says that the story circles were especially charged events this year, with many worrying that American democratic values were under attack by the Trump Administration. “We saw a need,” he says, “for people to come together with allies and to know their voices can be amplified outside this circle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/hvP73nhGDIY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/hvP73nhGDIY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The Poetic Address (previously staged in Philadelphia and New York City), is the next step, a chance for writers to distill first-person stories from the circles — about immigration, being a good neighbor, or race — and turn them into poems that speak to the state of the nation. “To take all of those stories, and make sense of them,” Horowitz says, “we need that strange and sharp and precise language that’s possible in poetry to kind of distill the essence of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Horowitz and the organizers at YBCA have invited just over a dozen poets to the Saturday event, including Luis Rodriguez, the former Los Angeles poet laureate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ybca.org/staff/marc-bamuthi-joseph\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marc Bamuthi Joseph\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems-and-poets/poets/detail/michelle-lee\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michelle Lee\u003c/a>, Marvin K. White, the youth group \u003ca href=\"http://proud2beblack.org/the-kids/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Young Gifted & Black \u003c/a>and San Francisco’s Tongo Eisen-Martin.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yDtHFhS5oCA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yDtHFhS5oCA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“This is really our planet,” Eisen-Martin says. “And we do not have to go along with this kind of farcical organization of power we see right now. The only true power really lies with the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eisen-Martin, a tall bearded poet and an African-American who lives in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/04/24/san-francisco-could-be-a-lot-whiter-in-25-years-predicts-a-new-profile-of-bay-area/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a city with a fast-shrinking black population\u003c/a>, shares a portion of the poem he plans to read at the Saturday event:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A politician raises his hand. And the crowd shows their teeth.\u003cbr>\nAn oligarch raises his hand, little girls are not safe outside,\u003cbr>\nYou are all high depressed, and comrades in function.\u003cbr>\nFifteen minutes to closing, and the city’s survived another black rebellion, stay down.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/FQe-E1QsbS8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/FQe-E1QsbS8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Organizers hope to boost the voices of resistance to President Trump’s policies on immigration, the environment and health care. But Horowitz says the story circles met in both blue states and red states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got notes from people saying, ‘In my story circle I was able to have my first bipartisan dialogue,'” Horowitz says. “And hopefully it ripples out beyond that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yerba Buena Center for the Arts picked poet and screenwriter Chinaka Hodge to emcee the event. She says she doesn’t expect a lot of Trump supporters at YBCA on Saturday, but she said the livestream on Facebook could build some bridges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12870975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12870975\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-800x434.jpg\" alt=\"Chinaka Hodge will MC the Poetic Address to the Nation March 11th at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts\" width=\"800\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-800x434.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-160x87.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-768x417.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-1020x553.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-1920x1042.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-1180x640.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-960x521.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-240x130.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-375x203.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge-520x282.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Chinaka-Hodge.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinaka Hodge will emcee the Poetic Address to the Nation on March 11th at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of YBCA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m hoping someone who’s not expecting to be moved,” she says, “who’s expecting to heckle, to troll our Facebook livestream, I hope they find some inspiration, and they see themselves reflected, and we’re telling their story as well, and we have a real dialogue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-12127869\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg\" alt=\"Q.Logo.Break\" width=\"800\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-400x39.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2016/09/Q.Logo_.Break_-768x75.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Poetic Address to the Nation gets underway on Saturday, March 11, at the Yerba Buena Center for the Arts. More details and info \u003ca href=\"https://www.ybca.org/whats-on/the-2017-poetic-address-to-the-nation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "20 Years After Dolly: Cloning Past, Present and Future",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about \u003ca href=\"http://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/the-life-of-dolly/\">Dolly the sheep\u003c/a>, the first mammal successfully \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385810a0\">cloned from an adult body cell\u003c/a>. What was special about Dolly is that her “parents” were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. Dolly was an exact genetic copy of that sheep – a clone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolly captured people’s imaginations, but those of us in the field had seen her coming through \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/380064a0\">previous research\u003c/a>. I’ve been working with \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402280217\">mammalian embryos for over 40 years\u003c/a>, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. In fact, one of the coauthors of the paper announcing Dolly worked in our laboratory for three years prior to going to Scotland to help create the famous clone.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The endgame was never meant to be armies of genetically identical livestock.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. The endgame was never meant to be armies of genetically identical livestock: Rather, researchers continue to refine the techniques and combine them with other methods to turbocharge traditional animal breeding methods as well as gain insights into aging and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not the Usual Sperm + Egg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolly was a perfectly normal sheep who became the mother of numerous normal lambs. She lived to six and a half years, when she \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/1998/030217/full/news030217-6.html\">was eventually put down\u003c/a> after a contagious disease spread through her flock, infecting cloned and normally reproduced sheep alike. Her life wasn’t unusual; it’s her origin that made her unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the decades of experiments that led to Dolly, it was thought that normal animals could be produced only by fertilization of an egg by a sperm. That’s how things naturally work. These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. That way when these so-called haploid cells come together at fertilization, they produce one cell with the full complement of DNA. Joined together, the cell is termed diploid, for twice, or double. Two halves make a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From that moment forward, nearly all cells in that body have the same genetic makeup. When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. This pattern goes on so that each of the trillions of cells in an adult is genetically exactly the same – whether it’s in a lung or a bone or the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_345327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-345327 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scnt.gif\" alt=\"Somatic cell nuclear transfer\" width=\"760\" height=\"420\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somatic cell nuclear transfer uses genetic material from a body cell. \u003ccite>(Australian Department of Industry)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In contrast, Dolly was produced by what’s called \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103709\">somatic cell nuclear transfer\u003c/a>. In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. The resulting egg becomes a factory to produce an embryo that develops into an offspring. No sperm is in the picture; instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. It’s diploid from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long Research Path Led to Dolly\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. Researchers could freeze a few of the cells of a 16-cell embryo, while going on to produce clones from the other cells; if a desirable animal was produced, they could thaw the frozen cells and make more copies. But this was impractical because of low success rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. Thus, one could know the characteristics of the animal being cloned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. But the process has greatly improved so success rates \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/AnimalCloning/ucm124840.htm\">now are more like 10 percent\u003c/a>; it’s highly variable, though, depending on the cell type used and the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 10 different cell types have been used successfully as “parents” for cloning. These days most cloning is done using cells obtained by \u003ca href=\"http://assets.redangus.org/media/Documents/ARA_Magazine/Archived_Issues/2006/11-November/An_Update_On_The_Science_And_Commercialization_Of_Cloning_Cattle.pdf\">biopsying skin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Than Genes Can Affect a Clone\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetics is only part of the story. Even while clones are genetically identical, their phenotypes – the characteristics they express – will be different. It’s like naturally occurring identical twins: They share all their genes \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012174597-4.50012-0\">but they’re not really exactly alike\u003c/a>, especially if reared in different settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environment plays a huge role for some characteristics. Food availability can influence weight. Diseases can stunt growth. These kinds of lifestyle, nutrition or disease effects can influence which genes are turned on or off in an individual; these are called \u003ca href=\"http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/\">epigenetic effects\u003c/a>. Even though all the genetic material may be the same in two identical clones, they might not be expressing all the same genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">In racehorses, good genes don't guarantee a winner.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Consider the \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1530/REP-07-0069\">practice of cloning winning racehorses\u003c/a>. Clones of winners sometimes also will be winners – but most of the time they’re not. This is because winners are outliers; they need to have the right genetics, but also the right epigenetics and the right environment to reach that winning potential. For example, one can never exactly duplicate the uterine conditions a winning racehorse experienced when it was a developing fetus. Thus, cloning champions usually leads to disappointment. On the other hand, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0813819717.html\">cloning a stallion\u003c/a> that sires a high proportion of race-winning horses will result very reliably in a clone that similarly sires winners. This is a genetic rather than a phenotypic situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_345354\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-345354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-800x626.jpg\" alt=\"Racehorses\" width=\"800\" height=\"626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-800x626.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-160x125.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-768x601.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-240x188.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-375x293.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-520x407.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720.jpg 920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cloning a winning racehorse is usually leads to disappointment. There is much more than genetics at work. \u003ccite>(Pixabay user Bhakti2)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though the genetics are reliable, there are aspects of the cloning procedure that mean the epigenetics and environment are suboptimal. For example, sperm have \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.02.015\">elegant ways of activating the eggs they fertilize\u003c/a>, which will die unless activated properly; with cloning, activation usually is accomplished by a strong electric shock. Many of the steps of cloning and subsequent embryonic development are done in test tubes in incubators. These conditions are not perfect substitutes for the female reproductive tract where fertilization and early embryonic development normally occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0102-13\">Sometimes abnormal fetuses develop to term\u003c/a>, resulting in \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1530/REP-07-0069\">abnormalities at birth\u003c/a>. The most striking abnormal phenotype of some clones is termed “\u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0030155\">large offspring syndrome\u003c/a>,” in which calves or lambs are 30 or 40 percent larger than normal, resulting in difficult birth. The problems stem from \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.017\">an abnormal placenta\u003c/a>. At birth, these clones are genetically normal, but are overly large, and tend to be hyperinsulinemic and hypoglycemic. (The conditions normalize over time once the offspring is no longer influenced by the abnormal placenta.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent improvements in cloning procedures have greatly reduced these abnormalities, which also occur with natural reproduction, but at a much lower incidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Continuing Onward With Cloning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many thousands of cloned mammals have been produced in nearly two dozen species. Very few of these concern practical applications, such as cloning a famous Angus bull named Final Answer (who recently died at an old age) in order to produce more high-quality cattle via his clone’s sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cloning research landscape is changing fast. The driving force for producing Dolly was not to \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5368.1400\">produce genetically identical animals\u003c/a>. Rather researchers want to combine cloning techniques with other methods in order to efficiently change animals genetically – much quicker than traditional animal breeding methods that take decades to make changes in populations of species such as cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent example is \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3560\">introducing the polled (no horns) gene into dairy cattle\u003c/a>, thus eliminating the need for the painful process of dehorning. An even more striking application has been to produce a strain of pigs that is \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3434\">incapable of being infected\u003c/a> by the very contagious and debilitating PRRS virus. Researchers have even made cattle that \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1271\">cannot develop Mad Cow Disease\u003c/a>. For each of these procedures, somatic cell nuclear transplantation is an essential part of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, the most valuable contribution of these somatic cell nuclear transplantation experiments has been the scientific information and insights gained. They’ve enhanced our understanding of normal and abnormal embryonic development, including aspects of aging, and more. \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.17226/24623\">This information is already helping\u003c/a> reduce birth defects, improve methods of circumventing infertility, develop tools to fight certain cancers and even decrease some of the negative consequences of aging – in livestock and even in people. Two decades since Dolly, important applications are still evolving.\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/72655/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/george-seidel-336737\">George Seidel\u003c/a> is a professor of biomedical science at \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267\">Colorado State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/20-years-after-dolly-everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-the-cloned-sheep-and-what-came-next-72655\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In 1997, Scottish scientists captured the world's attention by announcing the first successful cloning of a mammal, Dolly the sheep. Here, a look back at the insights Dolly gave researchers.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been 20 years since scientists in Scotland told the world about \u003ca href=\"http://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/the-life-of-dolly/\">Dolly the sheep\u003c/a>, the first mammal successfully \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385810a0\">cloned from an adult body cell\u003c/a>. What was special about Dolly is that her “parents” were actually a single cell originating from mammary tissue of an adult ewe. Dolly was an exact genetic copy of that sheep – a clone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolly captured people’s imaginations, but those of us in the field had seen her coming through \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/380064a0\">previous research\u003c/a>. I’ve been working with \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1402280217\">mammalian embryos for over 40 years\u003c/a>, with some work in my lab specifically focusing on various methods of cloning cattle and other livestock species. In fact, one of the coauthors of the paper announcing Dolly worked in our laboratory for three years prior to going to Scotland to help create the famous clone.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The endgame was never meant to be armies of genetically identical livestock.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Dolly was an important milestone, inspiring scientists to continue improving cloning technology as well as to pursue new concepts in stem cell research. The endgame was never meant to be armies of genetically identical livestock: Rather, researchers continue to refine the techniques and combine them with other methods to turbocharge traditional animal breeding methods as well as gain insights into aging and disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not the Usual Sperm + Egg\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolly was a perfectly normal sheep who became the mother of numerous normal lambs. She lived to six and a half years, when she \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/1998/030217/full/news030217-6.html\">was eventually put down\u003c/a> after a contagious disease spread through her flock, infecting cloned and normally reproduced sheep alike. Her life wasn’t unusual; it’s her origin that made her unique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the decades of experiments that led to Dolly, it was thought that normal animals could be produced only by fertilization of an egg by a sperm. That’s how things naturally work. These germ cells are the only ones in the body that have their genetic material all jumbled up and in half the quantity of every other kind of cell. That way when these so-called haploid cells come together at fertilization, they produce one cell with the full complement of DNA. Joined together, the cell is termed diploid, for twice, or double. Two halves make a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From that moment forward, nearly all cells in that body have the same genetic makeup. When the one-cell embryo duplicates its genetic material, both cells of the now two-cell embryo are genetically identical. When they in turn duplicate their genetic material, each cell at the four-cell stage is genetically identical. This pattern goes on so that each of the trillions of cells in an adult is genetically exactly the same – whether it’s in a lung or a bone or the blood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_345327\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-345327 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/scnt.gif\" alt=\"Somatic cell nuclear transfer\" width=\"760\" height=\"420\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Somatic cell nuclear transfer uses genetic material from a body cell. \u003ccite>(Australian Department of Industry)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In contrast, Dolly was produced by what’s called \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-031412-103709\">somatic cell nuclear transfer\u003c/a>. In this process, researchers remove the genetic material from an egg and replace it with the nucleus of some other body cell. The resulting egg becomes a factory to produce an embryo that develops into an offspring. No sperm is in the picture; instead of half the genetic material coming from a sperm and half from an egg, it all comes from a single cell. It’s diploid from the start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Long Research Path Led to Dolly\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolly was the culmination of hundreds of cloning experiments that, for example, showed diploid embryonic and fetal cells could be parents of offspring. But there was no way to easily know all the characteristics of the animal that would result from a cloned embryo or fetus. Researchers could freeze a few of the cells of a 16-cell embryo, while going on to produce clones from the other cells; if a desirable animal was produced, they could thaw the frozen cells and make more copies. But this was impractical because of low success rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dolly demonstrated that adult somatic cells also could be used as parents. Thus, one could know the characteristics of the animal being cloned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By my calculations, Dolly was the single success from 277 tries at somatic cell nuclear transfer. Sometimes the process of cloning by somatic cell nuclear transfer still produces abnormal embryos, most of which die. But the process has greatly improved so success rates \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/AnimalCloning/ucm124840.htm\">now are more like 10 percent\u003c/a>; it’s highly variable, though, depending on the cell type used and the species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 10 different cell types have been used successfully as “parents” for cloning. These days most cloning is done using cells obtained by \u003ca href=\"http://assets.redangus.org/media/Documents/ARA_Magazine/Archived_Issues/2006/11-November/An_Update_On_The_Science_And_Commercialization_Of_Cloning_Cattle.pdf\">biopsying skin\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More Than Genes Can Affect a Clone\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetics is only part of the story. Even while clones are genetically identical, their phenotypes – the characteristics they express – will be different. It’s like naturally occurring identical twins: They share all their genes \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012174597-4.50012-0\">but they’re not really exactly alike\u003c/a>, especially if reared in different settings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environment plays a huge role for some characteristics. Food availability can influence weight. Diseases can stunt growth. These kinds of lifestyle, nutrition or disease effects can influence which genes are turned on or off in an individual; these are called \u003ca href=\"http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/epigenetics/\">epigenetic effects\u003c/a>. Even though all the genetic material may be the same in two identical clones, they might not be expressing all the same genes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">In racehorses, good genes don't guarantee a winner.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Consider the \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1530/REP-07-0069\">practice of cloning winning racehorses\u003c/a>. Clones of winners sometimes also will be winners – but most of the time they’re not. This is because winners are outliers; they need to have the right genetics, but also the right epigenetics and the right environment to reach that winning potential. For example, one can never exactly duplicate the uterine conditions a winning racehorse experienced when it was a developing fetus. Thus, cloning champions usually leads to disappointment. On the other hand, \u003ca href=\"http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-0813819717.html\">cloning a stallion\u003c/a> that sires a high proportion of race-winning horses will result very reliably in a clone that similarly sires winners. This is a genetic rather than a phenotypic situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_345354\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-345354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-800x626.jpg\" alt=\"Racehorses\" width=\"800\" height=\"626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-800x626.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-160x125.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-768x601.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-240x188.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-375x293.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720-520x407.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/02/horses-430439_960_720.jpg 920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cloning a winning racehorse is usually leads to disappointment. There is much more than genetics at work. \u003ccite>(Pixabay user Bhakti2)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even though the genetics are reliable, there are aspects of the cloning procedure that mean the epigenetics and environment are suboptimal. For example, sperm have \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbmo.2010.02.015\">elegant ways of activating the eggs they fertilize\u003c/a>, which will die unless activated properly; with cloning, activation usually is accomplished by a strong electric shock. Many of the steps of cloning and subsequent embryonic development are done in test tubes in incubators. These conditions are not perfect substitutes for the female reproductive tract where fertilization and early embryonic development normally occur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0102-13\">Sometimes abnormal fetuses develop to term\u003c/a>, resulting in \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1530/REP-07-0069\">abnormalities at birth\u003c/a>. The most striking abnormal phenotype of some clones is termed “\u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1530/ror.0.0030155\">large offspring syndrome\u003c/a>,” in which calves or lambs are 30 or 40 percent larger than normal, resulting in difficult birth. The problems stem from \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.017\">an abnormal placenta\u003c/a>. At birth, these clones are genetically normal, but are overly large, and tend to be hyperinsulinemic and hypoglycemic. (The conditions normalize over time once the offspring is no longer influenced by the abnormal placenta.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent improvements in cloning procedures have greatly reduced these abnormalities, which also occur with natural reproduction, but at a much lower incidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Continuing Onward With Cloning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many thousands of cloned mammals have been produced in nearly two dozen species. Very few of these concern practical applications, such as cloning a famous Angus bull named Final Answer (who recently died at an old age) in order to produce more high-quality cattle via his clone’s sperm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cloning research landscape is changing fast. The driving force for producing Dolly was not to \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1126/science.280.5368.1400\">produce genetically identical animals\u003c/a>. Rather researchers want to combine cloning techniques with other methods in order to efficiently change animals genetically – much quicker than traditional animal breeding methods that take decades to make changes in populations of species such as cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One recent example is \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3560\">introducing the polled (no horns) gene into dairy cattle\u003c/a>, thus eliminating the need for the painful process of dehorning. An even more striking application has been to produce a strain of pigs that is \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3434\">incapable of being infected\u003c/a> by the very contagious and debilitating PRRS virus. Researchers have even made cattle that \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.1038/nbt1271\">cannot develop Mad Cow Disease\u003c/a>. For each of these procedures, somatic cell nuclear transplantation is an essential part of the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, the most valuable contribution of these somatic cell nuclear transplantation experiments has been the scientific information and insights gained. They’ve enhanced our understanding of normal and abnormal embryonic development, including aspects of aging, and more. \u003ca href=\"http://doi.org/10.17226/24623\">This information is already helping\u003c/a> reduce birth defects, improve methods of circumventing infertility, develop tools to fight certain cancers and even decrease some of the negative consequences of aging – in livestock and even in people. Two decades since Dolly, important applications are still evolving.\u003cimg src=\"https://counter.theconversation.edu.au/content/72655/count.gif?distributor=republish-lightbox-basic\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/george-seidel-336737\">George Seidel\u003c/a> is a professor of biomedical science at \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com/institutions/colorado-state-university-1267\">Colorado State University\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article was originally published on \u003ca href=\"http://theconversation.com\">The Conversation\u003c/a>. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/20-years-after-dolly-everything-you-always-wanted-to-know-about-the-cloned-sheep-and-what-came-next-72655\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump May Weigh in on H-1B Visas, But Major Reform Depends on Congress",
"title": "Trump May Weigh in on H-1B Visas, But Major Reform Depends on Congress",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has pushed aggressively against illegal immigration, while his specific plans for legal immigration — including the popular but troubled H-1B work visa — remain unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has said he wants to crack down on abuses and protect American workers, but it's Congress that holds the power to fundamentally reform the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Broken System\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For months last year, California lawmakers Darrell Issa and Zoe Lofgren tried to hash out a joint bipartisan bill to reform the H-1B visa, the popular program that lets thousands of highly skilled foreigners work in the U.S., particularly in tech jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as immigration reforms go, high-skilled immigration programs are some of the least controversial. The H-1B program covers many fields, but is especially known to benefit tech companies. Its description often invokes a recurring line about America's interest in attracting the world's \"best and brightest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But H-1B also has elements known to be broken: A lottery decides who gets the visa; the demand has far eclipsed the quota; and options for permanent stay differ by country of origin. And the biggest complaint is that Indian IT companies like Wipro, Infosys and Tata have hijacked the system. They are three of the top H-1B employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/517496648/517779845\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're taking the H-1B visas a real U.S. tech company needs,\" says Gary Shapiro, head of the Consumer Technology Association. \"And they're using them ... to basically replace American workers at a cheaper rate by having people come here temporarily, not paid well, not housed well, not on any way to becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone loses under the system today,\" he says, \"so it's part of the reason we need an H-1B overhaul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to do that kind of overhaul have been undertaken by federal legislators over recent years, but haven't progressed. The latest concerted effort came under President Barack Obama — but stalled in Congress, folded into a massive, broad immigration reform bill, Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama meant well, but ... he had the chance and he lost it,\" he says. \"Now we have another chance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Attempted Joint Effort\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lofgren is the top Democrat on the immigration subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, where Issa is one of her Republican colleagues. Her district covers a chunk of Silicon Valley; his is in San Diego County. She is, by profession, an immigration lawyer. He is a former electronics executive with family members from Lebanon balancing lives in several countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tried to work before the election with the ranking member on the subcommittee and she pulled out of it, preferring partisan politics,\" Issa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talked for probably six, seven months ... every day it was a new\" thing, says Lofgren. \"I tried to work with Darrell, but it's impossible to work with Darrell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/gettyimages-457785174-37b8d050f4d5ab580deca4b967b285e0dd7691fe-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate. \u003ccite>(Mark Wilson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each says the other kept moving the goal post or altering the bill. In the end, the two of them introduced separate bills. With Republicans controlling the majority, Issa's has more potential — at least he says he's got the votes to pass it in the House. Shapiro's CTA supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>This piece of legislation is small, it's focused, and it's highly bipartisan,\" Issa says, \"and that gives it an opportunity to break a logjam that has gone on for approaching two decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dueling Bills\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's bill is small indeed. Without reaching for changes to the quota or how the system operates, \u003ca href=\"https://issa.house.gov/news-room/press-releases/issa-introduces-bill-stop-outsourcing-american-jobs\" target=\"_blank\">Issa's legislation\u003c/a> — in simplest terms — raises the bar for companies with more than 15 percent of H-1B employees to \"attest\" that they could not hire Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, these \"H-1B-dependent\" companies have to certify this only if a foreigner displaces an American worker for a job that pays less than $60,000 — far less than an average tech wage. Under Issa's bill, the threshold would rise to $100,000 and holders of master's degrees would lose an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lofgren and other critics — which include \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieeeusa.org/communications/releases/2017/10617.asp\" target=\"_blank\">the engineering group IEEE-USA\u003c/a> — say that this won't do much. They argue companies have figured out how to game the so-called attestation process, and in a highly paid field of tech work, even the new wage threshold would allow for displacement of Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338249\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-960x633.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-375x247.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think (attestation) works, but my observation is it doesn't work and it hasn't worked,\" Lofgren says. \"I think if we place all eggs in that basket, we're going to be disappointed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren's \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/uploadedfiles/high_skilled_bill_sxs_and_analysis_-1-2017__final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">bill sweeps wider\u003c/a>. It proposes replacing the lottery process with a system that prioritizes the highest-paying companies. Then it goes beyond H-1B, suggesting changes to work-based immigration and other types of visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa sees merit in Lofgren's bill — he says parts of it came from their joint effort. But, he says, the time for broader legislation is \u003cem>after \u003c/em>a narrow bill passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I support comprehensive high-skilled reform,\" Issa says. \"But there's a difference between plugging a leak and building a better ship. ... In this particular structure of Republicans and Democrats, simplicity may be the best way to at least get a partial fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Presidential Power\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's and Lofgren's bills aren't the only ones \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3159596/it-careers/new-senate-bill-seeks-sweeping-h-1b-changes.html\" target=\"_blank\">under consideration\u003c/a> in Congress. And Trump \u003cem>is \u003c/em>expected to weigh in on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/30/technology/trump-h1b-visa-immigration-reform/?iid=EL\" target=\"_blank\">draft of his executive order\u003c/a> earlier this year took aim at H-1B and other work visas, but with few specifics. It recommended a review of the programs to ensure protections for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1A1S0qJztrjWxNHvCNbrADUmrR7KZJhk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The president made it clear when he was asked by [Apple CEO] Tim Cook and other tech leaders to put a priority on this that he would and they agreed with him,\" Issa says about Trump's \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trump-immigration-tech-idUSKBN14W1CZ\" target=\"_blank\">December meeting\u003c/a> with tech executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesman Sean Spicer was asked about plans for legal immigration earlier this month. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/22/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-2222017-14\" target=\"_blank\">replied that they would shape up\u003c/a>, but for now illegal immigration was a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ultimately, experts say that key elements of the program, including the number of the visas that get issued, are written into statute, meaning Congress holds the power to change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has pushed aggressively against illegal immigration, while his specific plans for legal immigration — including the popular but troubled H-1B work visa — remain unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He has said he wants to crack down on abuses and protect American workers, but it's Congress that holds the power to fundamentally reform the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Broken System\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For months last year, California lawmakers Darrell Issa and Zoe Lofgren tried to hash out a joint bipartisan bill to reform the H-1B visa, the popular program that lets thousands of highly skilled foreigners work in the U.S., particularly in tech jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as immigration reforms go, high-skilled immigration programs are some of the least controversial. The H-1B program covers many fields, but is especially known to benefit tech companies. Its description often invokes a recurring line about America's interest in attracting the world's \"best and brightest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But H-1B also has elements known to be broken: A lottery decides who gets the visa; the demand has far eclipsed the quota; and options for permanent stay differ by country of origin. And the biggest complaint is that Indian IT companies like Wipro, Infosys and Tata have hijacked the system. They are three of the top H-1B employers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/517496648/517779845\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're taking the H-1B visas a real U.S. tech company needs,\" says Gary Shapiro, head of the Consumer Technology Association. \"And they're using them ... to basically replace American workers at a cheaper rate by having people come here temporarily, not paid well, not housed well, not on any way to becoming citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everyone loses under the system today,\" he says, \"so it's part of the reason we need an H-1B overhaul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to do that kind of overhaul have been undertaken by federal legislators over recent years, but haven't progressed. The latest concerted effort came under President Barack Obama — but stalled in Congress, folded into a massive, broad immigration reform bill, Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Obama meant well, but ... he had the chance and he lost it,\" he says. \"Now we have another chance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Attempted Joint Effort\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lofgren is the top Democrat on the immigration subcommittee of the House Judiciary Committee, where Issa is one of her Republican colleagues. Her district covers a chunk of Silicon Valley; his is in San Diego County. She is, by profession, an immigration lawyer. He is a former electronics executive with family members from Lebanon balancing lives in several countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We tried to work before the election with the ranking member on the subcommittee and she pulled out of it, preferring partisan politics,\" Issa says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We talked for probably six, seven months ... every day it was a new\" thing, says Lofgren. \"I tried to work with Darrell, but it's impossible to work with Darrell.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338169\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/gettyimages-457785174-37b8d050f4d5ab580deca4b967b285e0dd7691fe-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Darrell Issa, R-Calif., says he's got the votes to pass his narrow H-1B bill in the House and hopes for support in the Senate. \u003ccite>(Mark Wilson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each says the other kept moving the goal post or altering the bill. In the end, the two of them introduced separate bills. With Republicans controlling the majority, Issa's has more potential — at least he says he's got the votes to pass it in the House. Shapiro's CTA supports it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\"\u003c/strong>This piece of legislation is small, it's focused, and it's highly bipartisan,\" Issa says, \"and that gives it an opportunity to break a logjam that has gone on for approaching two decades.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Dueling Bills\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's bill is small indeed. Without reaching for changes to the quota or how the system operates, \u003ca href=\"https://issa.house.gov/news-room/press-releases/issa-introduces-bill-stop-outsourcing-american-jobs\" target=\"_blank\">Issa's legislation\u003c/a> — in simplest terms — raises the bar for companies with more than 15 percent of H-1B employees to \"attest\" that they could not hire Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, these \"H-1B-dependent\" companies have to certify this only if a foreigner displaces an American worker for a job that pays less than $60,000 — far less than an average tech wage. Under Issa's bill, the threshold would rise to $100,000 and holders of master's degrees would lose an exemption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Lofgren and other critics — which include \u003ca href=\"http://www.ieeeusa.org/communications/releases/2017/10617.asp\" target=\"_blank\">the engineering group IEEE-USA\u003c/a> — say that this won't do much. They argue companies have figured out how to game the so-called attestation process, and in a highly paid field of tech work, even the new wage threshold would allow for displacement of Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11338249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11338249\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg\" alt=\"Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"527\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-800x527.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-1180x777.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-960x633.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-375x247.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/Lofgren-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rep. Zoe Lofgren, D-Calif., says the H-1B program needs a broad reform, including changes to the lottery process that awards the visas. \u003ccite>(Alex Wong/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think (attestation) works, but my observation is it doesn't work and it hasn't worked,\" Lofgren says. \"I think if we place all eggs in that basket, we're going to be disappointed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lofgren's \u003ca href=\"https://lofgren.house.gov/uploadedfiles/high_skilled_bill_sxs_and_analysis_-1-2017__final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">bill sweeps wider\u003c/a>. It proposes replacing the lottery process with a system that prioritizes the highest-paying companies. Then it goes beyond H-1B, suggesting changes to work-based immigration and other types of visas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa sees merit in Lofgren's bill — he says parts of it came from their joint effort. But, he says, the time for broader legislation is \u003cem>after \u003c/em>a narrow bill passes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I support comprehensive high-skilled reform,\" Issa says. \"But there's a difference between plugging a leak and building a better ship. ... In this particular structure of Republicans and Democrats, simplicity may be the best way to at least get a partial fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Presidential Power\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Issa's and Lofgren's bills aren't the only ones \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3159596/it-careers/new-senate-bill-seeks-sweeping-h-1b-changes.html\" target=\"_blank\">under consideration\u003c/a> in Congress. And Trump \u003cem>is \u003c/em>expected to weigh in on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/01/30/technology/trump-h1b-visa-immigration-reform/?iid=EL\" target=\"_blank\">draft of his executive order\u003c/a> earlier this year took aim at H-1B and other work visas, but with few specifics. It recommended a review of the programs to ensure protections for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The president made it clear when he was asked by [Apple CEO] Tim Cook and other tech leaders to put a priority on this that he would and they agreed with him,\" Issa says about Trump's \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-trump-immigration-tech-idUSKBN14W1CZ\" target=\"_blank\">December meeting\u003c/a> with tech executives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White House spokesman Sean Spicer was asked about plans for legal immigration earlier this month. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/02/22/press-briefing-press-secretary-sean-spicer-2222017-14\" target=\"_blank\">replied that they would shape up\u003c/a>, but for now illegal immigration was a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And ultimately, experts say that key elements of the program, including the number of the visas that get issued, are written into statute, meaning Congress holds the power to change them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Caltrain Project in Danger, Bay Area Delegation Plans Lobbying Trip to D.C.",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every year, delegations of Bay Area transportation officials and business leaders travel to Washington, D.C., to lobby for federal dollars around the same time as the American Public Transportation Association's annual legislative conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, with worries that the Trump administration may pull the plug on $647 million to electrify Caltrain just as the project was set to start construction, the Bay Area groups will go all out when they travel to the nation's capital March 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're using every single leverage and contact point we have as a Bay Area and as a political infrastructure to try to make a difference on this subject,\" said Randy Rentschler, the legislative and public affairs director for the Metropolitan Transportation Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley delegation will include some heavyweights, including executives from nearly 70 firms, from global powerhouses to startups, who will make the case to Democratic and Republican members of Congress and administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Google, Facebook and Genentech have already been reaching out, said Chris O'Connor, the senior director of transportation at the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, which is organizing a trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This project really is one of the biggest local priorities for this very important business community, which drives innovation across the entire country,\" said O'Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayors of San Jose, Palo Alto and Sunnyvale, along with other local elected officials, will join the lobbying effort, which grows out of a partisan political fight over California's high-speed rail system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the 14 Republicans in California's delegation to the House of Representatives \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/2017_01_24-ca-delegation-letter-to-secretary-chao-on-high-speed-rail-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to new Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao urging her to block any further funding of California high-speed rail. That would include the $647 million federal share of the Caltrain electrification work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think providing additional funding at this time to the authority would be an irresponsible use of taxpayer dollars,\" the letter said. It called for no further funds to be granted until \"a full and complete audit of the project and its finances can be conducted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That letter drew a rebuttal from California's Democratic congressional delegation, including Sens. Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris. They said the GOP contingent's demand would kill a project that, while it could be used by bullet trains in the future, is separate from the high-speed rail project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That point was hammered home \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/CA-Delegation-letter-to-Secretary-Chao-re-Caltrain-2.3.17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">in a Feb. 3 letter defending the project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rail service has operated on this corridor for over 150 years and for decades Caltrain has sought to electrify this line to replace aging diesel engines,\" the Democrats' letter stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chao delayed the funding decision, as the Republicans requested, with the Federal Transit Administration issuing a statement Feb. 17 that said it was \"deferring a decision\" on the modernization funds \"to be considered in conjunction with the development of the president's\" budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrain's $1.9 billion modernization project will allow the transit agency to switch from diesel-hauled engines to faster, quieter and more efficient electric trains by 2021. It will help boost the system's ridership by about 70 percent by 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a really important project for the Bay Area at an important time when our region, and especially the part of the region that delivers over half the gross domestic product of the overall Bay Area, the 101 corridor, is experiencing terrible, terrible congestion,\" said Jim Wunderman, president of the Bay Area Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electrification project was scheduled to begin construction Wednesday. On Monday, Caltrain officials announced that they were able to renegotiate the project's schedule with contractors, getting an extension until June 30. Not only is the delay a setback, but it will tack on a cost of $20 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seamus Murphy, Caltrain's communications director, said the new timeline will allow the Trump administration time to make its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think it will be approved and we'll be able to move this project forward,\" Murphy \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/02/23/transportation-advocates-imagine-caltrains-future-as-trump-administration-delays-funding/\">told KQED's \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> last Friday\u003c/a>. \"If we aren't able to do that for some reason, we would need to think about alternative sources of funding and we would have that conversation when the time is appropriate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy said one factor that weighs in favor of the project is that it \u003ca href=\"http://www.caltrain.com/Assets/Caltrain+Modernization+Program/Electrification/CalMod+Jobs.pdf\">would create 9,600 jobs in 15 states\u003c/a>. The transit agency has launched \u003ca href=\"https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/support-9600-american-jobs-tell-fta-approve-funding-caltrain-electrification\" target=\"_blank\">a petition\u003c/a> that urges the president to give the green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Trump hasn't publicly laid out a transportation agenda, he \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/white-house/article132002204.html\" target=\"_blank\">has hinted\u003c/a> that his infrastructure goals would include high-speed rail. But there have been reports that the administration may take a page from \u003ca href=\"http://solutions.heritage.org/the-economy/transportation/\" target=\"_blank\">a proposal\u003c/a> by the conservative Heritage Foundation and \u003ca href=\"http://usa.streetsblog.org/2017/01/19/trumps-first-budget-may-zero-out-federal-transit-funding/\" target=\"_blank\">gut transit funding\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wunderman of the Bay Area Council said he has had conversations with House Republican Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy of Bakersfield, who agreed Caltrain electrification is a \"viable and valued project,\" but opposes it because of its ties to high-speed rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor said previous threats to cut federal transit funding have split the Republican caucus because \"many Republican elected leaders have served as mayors and supervisors before joining Congress and realize how important it is to have federal investment in transportation infrastructure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delegation, which is seeking a meeting with Transportation Secretary Chao, plans to make it clear to both Republicans and Democrats how important the Caltrain electrification funding is to Silicon Valley and in promoting new economic corridors and facilitating commerce, said O'Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do think it's a very strong argument with many Republicans who don't agree with the Heritage Foundation's recommendations precisely,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Some Silicon Valley heavyweights will travel to Washington to make the case for a project Caltrain says is crucial to the region's future.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every year, delegations of Bay Area transportation officials and business leaders travel to Washington, D.C., to lobby for federal dollars around the same time as the American Public Transportation Association's annual legislative conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, with worries that the Trump administration may pull the plug on $647 million to electrify Caltrain just as the project was set to start construction, the Bay Area groups will go all out when they travel to the nation's capital March 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're using every single leverage and contact point we have as a Bay Area and as a political infrastructure to try to make a difference on this subject,\" said Randy Rentschler, the legislative and public affairs director for the Metropolitan Transportation Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Silicon Valley delegation will include some heavyweights, including executives from nearly 70 firms, from global powerhouses to startups, who will make the case to Democratic and Republican members of Congress and administration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Google, Facebook and Genentech have already been reaching out, said Chris O'Connor, the senior director of transportation at the Silicon Valley Leadership Group, which is organizing a trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This project really is one of the biggest local priorities for this very important business community, which drives innovation across the entire country,\" said O'Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayors of San Jose, Palo Alto and Sunnyvale, along with other local elected officials, will join the lobbying effort, which grows out of a partisan political fight over California's high-speed rail system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, the 14 Republicans in California's delegation to the House of Representatives \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/2017_01_24-ca-delegation-letter-to-secretary-chao-on-high-speed-rail-1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">sent a letter\u003c/a> to new Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao urging her to block any further funding of California high-speed rail. That would include the $647 million federal share of the Caltrain electrification work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think providing additional funding at this time to the authority would be an irresponsible use of taxpayer dollars,\" the letter said. It called for no further funds to be granted until \"a full and complete audit of the project and its finances can be conducted.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That letter drew a rebuttal from California's Democratic congressional delegation, including Sens. Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris. They said the GOP contingent's demand would kill a project that, while it could be used by bullet trains in the future, is separate from the high-speed rail project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That point was hammered home \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/CA-Delegation-letter-to-Secretary-Chao-re-Caltrain-2.3.17.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">in a Feb. 3 letter defending the project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rail service has operated on this corridor for over 150 years and for decades Caltrain has sought to electrify this line to replace aging diesel engines,\" the Democrats' letter stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chao delayed the funding decision, as the Republicans requested, with the Federal Transit Administration issuing a statement Feb. 17 that said it was \"deferring a decision\" on the modernization funds \"to be considered in conjunction with the development of the president's\" budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrain's $1.9 billion modernization project will allow the transit agency to switch from diesel-hauled engines to faster, quieter and more efficient electric trains by 2021. It will help boost the system's ridership by about 70 percent by 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a really important project for the Bay Area at an important time when our region, and especially the part of the region that delivers over half the gross domestic product of the overall Bay Area, the 101 corridor, is experiencing terrible, terrible congestion,\" said Jim Wunderman, president of the Bay Area Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electrification project was scheduled to begin construction Wednesday. On Monday, Caltrain officials announced that they were able to renegotiate the project's schedule with contractors, getting an extension until June 30. Not only is the delay a setback, but it will tack on a cost of $20 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seamus Murphy, Caltrain's communications director, said the new timeline will allow the Trump administration time to make its decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We think it will be approved and we'll be able to move this project forward,\" Murphy \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/02/23/transportation-advocates-imagine-caltrains-future-as-trump-administration-delays-funding/\">told KQED's \u003cem>Forum\u003c/em> last Friday\u003c/a>. \"If we aren't able to do that for some reason, we would need to think about alternative sources of funding and we would have that conversation when the time is appropriate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy said one factor that weighs in favor of the project is that it \u003ca href=\"http://www.caltrain.com/Assets/Caltrain+Modernization+Program/Electrification/CalMod+Jobs.pdf\">would create 9,600 jobs in 15 states\u003c/a>. The transit agency has launched \u003ca href=\"https://petitions.whitehouse.gov/petition/support-9600-american-jobs-tell-fta-approve-funding-caltrain-electrification\" target=\"_blank\">a petition\u003c/a> that urges the president to give the green light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Trump hasn't publicly laid out a transportation agenda, he \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/white-house/article132002204.html\" target=\"_blank\">has hinted\u003c/a> that his infrastructure goals would include high-speed rail. But there have been reports that the administration may take a page from \u003ca href=\"http://solutions.heritage.org/the-economy/transportation/\" target=\"_blank\">a proposal\u003c/a> by the conservative Heritage Foundation and \u003ca href=\"http://usa.streetsblog.org/2017/01/19/trumps-first-budget-may-zero-out-federal-transit-funding/\" target=\"_blank\">gut transit funding\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wunderman of the Bay Area Council said he has had conversations with House Republican Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy of Bakersfield, who agreed Caltrain electrification is a \"viable and valued project,\" but opposes it because of its ties to high-speed rail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor said previous threats to cut federal transit funding have split the Republican caucus because \"many Republican elected leaders have served as mayors and supervisors before joining Congress and realize how important it is to have federal investment in transportation infrastructure.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delegation, which is seeking a meeting with Transportation Secretary Chao, plans to make it clear to both Republicans and Democrats how important the Caltrain electrification funding is to Silicon Valley and in promoting new economic corridors and facilitating commerce, said O'Connor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do think it's a very strong argument with many Republicans who don't agree with the Heritage Foundation's recommendations precisely,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The release of records related to sexual harassment and violence cases at the University of California would not have been possible without \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/crt/title-ix-education-amendments-1972\" target=\"_blank\">Title IX\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-86/pdf/STATUTE-86-Pg235.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">law passed in 1972\u003c/a> as part of the U.S. Education Amendments signed into law by President Richard Nixon. Title IX says that \"no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law passed the U.S. Senate on a bipartisan vote of 88-6. The House followed suit with a vote of 275-125 with 31 abstentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest and best-known impact of Title IX has been on women's athletics in high school and college. The law ushered in profound growth of sports programs for girls and women that, before Title IX, were practically invisible under the shadow of athletic opportunities for boys and men. The new law dramatically changed that, to the consternation of some who felt it unfairly punished male sports programs by requiring equal opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the law has been used to investigate allegations of sexual harassment and violence at higher education institutions that receive federal funding. Here are some of the highlights in that timeline as it relates to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=11VurQYsNfrV522M-kmMA6OuFpM2_7D_3Bcv-TE6uqzQ&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=850\" width=\"100%\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The release of records related to sexual harassment and violence cases at the University of California would not have been possible without \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/crt/title-ix-education-amendments-1972\" target=\"_blank\">Title IX\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/STATUTE-86/pdf/STATUTE-86-Pg235.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">law passed in 1972\u003c/a> as part of the U.S. Education Amendments signed into law by President Richard Nixon. Title IX says that \"no person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law passed the U.S. Senate on a bipartisan vote of 88-6. The House followed suit with a vote of 275-125 with 31 abstentions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest and best-known impact of Title IX has been on women's athletics in high school and college. The law ushered in profound growth of sports programs for girls and women that, before Title IX, were practically invisible under the shadow of athletic opportunities for boys and men. The new law dramatically changed that, to the consternation of some who felt it unfairly punished male sports programs by requiring equal opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, the law has been used to investigate allegations of sexual harassment and violence at higher education institutions that receive federal funding. Here are some of the highlights in that timeline as it relates to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=11VurQYsNfrV522M-kmMA6OuFpM2_7D_3Bcv-TE6uqzQ&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=850\" width=\"100%\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "UC System Releases Details of 113 Sexual Misconduct Cases",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Responding to a \u003ca href=\"http://ag.ca.gov/publications/summary_public_records_act.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California Public Records Act \u003c/a>request from KQED and other media outlets, the University of California today released more than 100 records detailing the final reports about complaints of sexual harassment, assault and violence on \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/uc-system/parts-of-uc\" target=\"_blank\">10 UC campuses\u003c/a> that the university found to be true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 113 reports span a nearly 3½-year period between January 2013 and April 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a summary provided by the university, three-quarters of the cases involved complaints made against university staff, and one-quarter involved faculty. More than half of the complaints were made by staff, while 35 percent were made by students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The allegations include a wide range of misconduct, from inappropriate verbal remarks to stalking and groping. Seven percent of the cases, according to UC, involved sexual assault, including touching of intimate body parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university also adds that approximately two-thirds of the accused no longer work for the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/03/2017-03-01b-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/02/UCLACampus-1920x1125.jpg\" Title=\"UC System Releases Details of 113 Sexual Misconduct Cases\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the cases detailed in the hundreds of pages released by the universities:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A UC Santa Cruz professor, who has since resigned, was found to have sexually assaulted a student who says she was drunk and \"blacked out.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An academic adviser at UC Irvine was found to have masturbated in front of students, exposed himself to a student who was a minor and sent sexually suggestive texts to students.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A UC Merced professor was found to have hosted \"wild\" parties for students where he would dance provocatively with students and generally make inappropriate and unwelcome advances toward female students under his supervision.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A UC San Diego janitor was fired after he was found to have stalked a woman, including repeatedly following her into a bathroom and approaching her with unzipped pants.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For years, the UC campuses, especially UC Berkeley, have been criticized for slow response to charges of sexual harassment, abuse or violence. Last year, public outrage reached an apex over the handling of cases at UC Berkeley involving an assistant basketball coach, then-Vice Chancellor \u003ca href=\"http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/faculty/chem/fleming\" target=\"_blank\">Graham Fleming\u003c/a>, astronomer \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/berkeley-releases-report-on-astronomer-sexual-harassment-case-1.19068\" target=\"_blank\">Geoffrey Marcy, \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/our-faculty/faculty-profiles/sujit-choudhry/\">Sujit Choudhry\u003c/a> when he was dean of the law school. In each case, the university seemed to handle the employees with deference and light punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"SlNSRpcniUl6pq6AvkeHpnx5zt8u8VfR\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite findings of serial sexual wrongdoing, Choudhry's penalty was a 10 percent cut to his $415,000 salary and a required apology to an assistant, which many regarded as lax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an investigation found that Fleming \"more likely than not\" inappropriately touched and kissed a former employee, he resigned. But UC Chancellor Nicholas Dirks later named Fleming an international ambassador for Berkeley's planned Global Campus in Richmond, with a salary and stipend totaling nearly $300,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last March, UC President Janet Napolitano revoked Fleming's appointment and announced changes to the university's sexual harassment and violence policies and procedures. In an April 2016\u003ca href=\"http://sexualviolence.universityofcalifornia.edu/files/documents/Pres-Napolitano-letter-joint-committee-of-administration-academic-senate.041816.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> letter \u003c/a>to members of a review committee she had appointed, Napolitano announced steps she was taking to strengthen UC's procedures and policies regarding cases of sexual harassment and sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"0zOqAVjSAH3Pqfpl68r1uD3VLDhE8cuK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goals should be threefold,\" she wrote. \"Foster a culture of safety and respect on all our campuses; provide clarity, fairness, and timeliness when investigations are undertaken; and ensure that any sanctions are commensurate with the seriousness of substantiated complaints.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government put a spotlight on sexual harassment and violence at colleges and universities in 2011, when the U.S. Department of Education advised schools to use the power of \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/tix_dis.html\" target=\"_blank\">Title IX\u003c/a> to prevent, investigate and resolve cases like these. (Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any education program receiving federal financial assistance.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's release of 113 Title IX cases is part of the university's effort to send the message that charges like these will be taken more seriously going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another part of that plan is Napolitano's hiring of a new Title IX coordinator for the entire university. Recently, the entire UC system turned to UCLA's Title IX coordinator, \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-hires-first-systemwide-title-ix-coordinator\" target=\"_blank\">Kathleen Salvaty, \u003c/a>to fill that position.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calcasa.org/\">California Coalition Against Sexual Assault\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calcasa.org/\">\u003cimg src=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/02/28/HoldingHands.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCALCASA helps survivors of sexual violence as they begin the healing process from victim to survivor.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The president’s creation of this position demonstrates her commitment,\" Salvaty told KQED. She added that her first priority is to ensure that there is a \"coherent, fair and appropriate program systemwide\" to prevent and respond to sexual harassment, bias and violence. The impetus, she says, is coming from the bottom up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The students, to their credit, have demanded that the universities do better in this,\" Salvaty said. \"That was much of the driving for why the universities thought we need to do better. Because the students demanded it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salvaty, who has been on the job less than a month, said there's a lot at stake in getting this right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Such a core part of the UC mission is about affording access to education,\" Salvaty said. \"That’s what’s at stake – ensuring that our students and our employees can access their education free from discrimination, which includes sexual violence and sexual harassment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=11VurQYsNfrV522M-kmMA6OuFpM2_7D_3Bcv-TE6uqzQ&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=850\" width=\"100%\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Responding to a \u003ca href=\"http://ag.ca.gov/publications/summary_public_records_act.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California Public Records Act \u003c/a>request from KQED and other media outlets, the University of California today released more than 100 records detailing the final reports about complaints of sexual harassment, assault and violence on \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/uc-system/parts-of-uc\" target=\"_blank\">10 UC campuses\u003c/a> that the university found to be true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 113 reports span a nearly 3½-year period between January 2013 and April 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a summary provided by the university, three-quarters of the cases involved complaints made against university staff, and one-quarter involved faculty. More than half of the complaints were made by staff, while 35 percent were made by students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The allegations include a wide range of misconduct, from inappropriate verbal remarks to stalking and groping. Seven percent of the cases, according to UC, involved sexual assault, including touching of intimate body parts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university also adds that approximately two-thirds of the accused no longer work for the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the cases detailed in the hundreds of pages released by the universities:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A UC Santa Cruz professor, who has since resigned, was found to have sexually assaulted a student who says she was drunk and \"blacked out.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>An academic adviser at UC Irvine was found to have masturbated in front of students, exposed himself to a student who was a minor and sent sexually suggestive texts to students.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A UC Merced professor was found to have hosted \"wild\" parties for students where he would dance provocatively with students and generally make inappropriate and unwelcome advances toward female students under his supervision.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A UC San Diego janitor was fired after he was found to have stalked a woman, including repeatedly following her into a bathroom and approaching her with unzipped pants.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For years, the UC campuses, especially UC Berkeley, have been criticized for slow response to charges of sexual harassment, abuse or violence. Last year, public outrage reached an apex over the handling of cases at UC Berkeley involving an assistant basketball coach, then-Vice Chancellor \u003ca href=\"http://chemistry.berkeley.edu/faculty/chem/fleming\" target=\"_blank\">Graham Fleming\u003c/a>, astronomer \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/berkeley-releases-report-on-astronomer-sexual-harassment-case-1.19068\" target=\"_blank\">Geoffrey Marcy, \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/our-faculty/faculty-profiles/sujit-choudhry/\">Sujit Choudhry\u003c/a> when he was dean of the law school. In each case, the university seemed to handle the employees with deference and light punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite findings of serial sexual wrongdoing, Choudhry's penalty was a 10 percent cut to his $415,000 salary and a required apology to an assistant, which many regarded as lax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an investigation found that Fleming \"more likely than not\" inappropriately touched and kissed a former employee, he resigned. But UC Chancellor Nicholas Dirks later named Fleming an international ambassador for Berkeley's planned Global Campus in Richmond, with a salary and stipend totaling nearly $300,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last March, UC President Janet Napolitano revoked Fleming's appointment and announced changes to the university's sexual harassment and violence policies and procedures. In an April 2016\u003ca href=\"http://sexualviolence.universityofcalifornia.edu/files/documents/Pres-Napolitano-letter-joint-committee-of-administration-academic-senate.041816.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"> letter \u003c/a>to members of a review committee she had appointed, Napolitano announced steps she was taking to strengthen UC's procedures and policies regarding cases of sexual harassment and sexual violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goals should be threefold,\" she wrote. \"Foster a culture of safety and respect on all our campuses; provide clarity, fairness, and timeliness when investigations are undertaken; and ensure that any sanctions are commensurate with the seriousness of substantiated complaints.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government put a spotlight on sexual harassment and violence at colleges and universities in 2011, when the U.S. Department of Education advised schools to use the power of \u003ca href=\"https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/tix_dis.html\" target=\"_blank\">Title IX\u003c/a> to prevent, investigate and resolve cases like these. (Title IX prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any education program receiving federal financial assistance.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's release of 113 Title IX cases is part of the university's effort to send the message that charges like these will be taken more seriously going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another part of that plan is Napolitano's hiring of a new Title IX coordinator for the entire university. Recently, the entire UC system turned to UCLA's Title IX coordinator, \u003ca href=\"https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-hires-first-systemwide-title-ix-coordinator\" target=\"_blank\">Kathleen Salvaty, \u003c/a>to fill that position.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calcasa.org/\">California Coalition Against Sexual Assault\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calcasa.org/\">\u003cimg src=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/02/28/HoldingHands.jpg\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nCALCASA helps survivors of sexual violence as they begin the healing process from victim to survivor.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The president’s creation of this position demonstrates her commitment,\" Salvaty told KQED. She added that her first priority is to ensure that there is a \"coherent, fair and appropriate program systemwide\" to prevent and respond to sexual harassment, bias and violence. The impetus, she says, is coming from the bottom up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The students, to their credit, have demanded that the universities do better in this,\" Salvaty said. \"That was much of the driving for why the universities thought we need to do better. Because the students demanded it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salvaty, who has been on the job less than a month, said there's a lot at stake in getting this right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Such a core part of the UC mission is about affording access to education,\" Salvaty said. \"That’s what’s at stake – ensuring that our students and our employees can access their education free from discrimination, which includes sexual violence and sexual harassment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/timeline3/latest/embed/index.html?source=11VurQYsNfrV522M-kmMA6OuFpM2_7D_3Bcv-TE6uqzQ&font=Default&lang=en&initial_zoom=2&height=850\" width=\"100%\" height=\"850\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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