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"content": "\u003cp>The long-anticipated \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> is a few steps closer to launch, after being subjected to a series of rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/nasas-webb-telescope-ghostly-lights-out-inspection\">space-readiness tests\u003c/a> in the world’s largest “clean room” at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today NASA offered members of the public a peak into that giant chamber, and the preparations being made on what–if all goes well–will become the largest telescope ever sent into space. The Webb is scheduled for launch from French Guiana in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, the James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And anyone aware of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/photogalleries/hubble/index.html\">Hubble’s scientific achievements\u003c/a> can imagine what Webb might open our eyes to. In its 27-year career, Hubble has probed invisible “\u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2015-10/31-dark-matter\">dark matter\u003c/a>” in space, found \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1706/\">supermassive blackholes\u003c/a> in the cores of galaxies, defined the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/breakthroughs/cosmology\">age of the cosmos\u003c/a>, glimpsed some of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">most distant objects in space\u003c/a> and time…and the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a tough act to follow. So what’s different about Webb? The size!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubble’s primary light-collecting mirror has a diameter of 8 feet. Webb’s primary mirror, an array of 18 hexagonal sections of light-weight, gold-coated beryllium, measures over 21 feet across!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for Hubble’s relatively small primary mirror is that the entire telescope had to fit inside the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle that carried it into orbit. If Webb’s much larger mirror were a single piece of material, getting it into space would be an almost insurmountable engineering challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Webb’s multi-mirror design allows the array to be “folded up” into a compact space. Once Webb arrives at its destination, the mirror sections will open up and fit together into a single functional mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeing the Universe in a Different Light\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a “visible light” telescope, observing light with wavelengths visible to the human eye. The source of visible light in the universe is primarily hot things, like stars—and by extension galaxies, which are composed of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg\" alt=\"The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1920x1056.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1180x649.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-960x528.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-375x206.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/K. Gordon (U. of Arizona)/NOAO/Spitzer Space Telescope)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb is an \u003cem>infrared\u003c/em> telescope. Its suite of light detectors—cameras for capturing images, spectrometers for analyzing chemical composition—are sensitive to \u003ca href=\"http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/\">lower-energy infrared light\u003c/a>. So, Webb will observe emissions from cooler objects, like molecular clouds containing organic molecules, disks of material forming new planetary systems, and the atmospheres of distant extrasolar planets, to name only a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Location, Location, Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venerable Hubble orbits the Earth, only 300 miles above our planet’s surface—so at any given moment, half of Hubble’s view of space is blocked by a huge, glaring planet. And since Hubble makes an orbit every 95 minutes, it can only observe a celestial object for less than an hour before its line of sight is blocked by the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will orbit the sun at a special location called \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html\">Earth’s “L2” Lagrange point\u003c/a>, a million miles farther out. At the L2 point, the Earth and the sun work together to form a sort of gravitational “pocket” in which a spacecraft can remain almost stationary with very little assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will move along with the Earth as they both orbit the sun, like a balloon tethered to a running child, and not wander off to some distant place in the solar system. Since it’s not orbiting the Earth as Hubble does, Webb’s line of sight to celestial objects of interest won’t be routinely cut off—and at a million miles away, Earth doesn’t block much of the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb is also equipped with a tennis-court-sized sun-shade, which will shield it not only from the Sun’s intense radiation, but also from the infrared emissions of the Earth and moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg\" alt=\"The Webb's giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Webb’s giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keeping Webb cool is critical to its ability to sense the faint infrared emanations from distant objects. If warmed by the sun, Webb’s own optics and sensors would glow with infrared light, thus seeing those faint objects would be difficult—like looking out a window on a nighttime scene from inside a brightly lit house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Will Webb Show Us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble has observed some of the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">distant galaxies in space\u003c/a>—and since it takes time for their light to travel to us, the farther away they are, the further back in time we see them. When we look at a galaxy that is a billion light years away, it is sort of like watching a video that was recorded a billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will see further back in time by observing infrared emissions of the gases that eventually formed the earliest galaxies, before their stars were born and began emitting visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, Webb will analyze confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>—especially exoplanets similar to Earth in size and distance from their star. Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around\">seven approximately Earth-sized planets\u003c/a> were confirmed orbiting the same star, only 40 light years from us. Three of these planets are at the right distance from their star, TRAPPIST-1, that liquid water could exist on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-art-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb will look for infrared emissions from exoplanet atmospheres—if present—and analyze their chemical compositions. If a planet has a liquid water cycle, then there should be water vapor present in its atmosphere. And, if it possesses life, there should be chemical telltales of its activity, such as molecular oxygen or methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope still has a few tests to get through before it is certified space-worthy—just like an astronaut being examined by the doctor who will give them a thumbs-up to launch—but the cosmic revelations it may ultimately bring should be well worth the wait.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The long-anticipated \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> is a few steps closer to launch, after being subjected to a series of rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/nasas-webb-telescope-ghostly-lights-out-inspection\">space-readiness tests\u003c/a> in the world’s largest “clean room” at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today NASA offered members of the public a peak into that giant chamber, and the preparations being made on what–if all goes well–will become the largest telescope ever sent into space. The Webb is scheduled for launch from French Guiana in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, the James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And anyone aware of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/photogalleries/hubble/index.html\">Hubble’s scientific achievements\u003c/a> can imagine what Webb might open our eyes to. In its 27-year career, Hubble has probed invisible “\u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2015-10/31-dark-matter\">dark matter\u003c/a>” in space, found \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1706/\">supermassive blackholes\u003c/a> in the cores of galaxies, defined the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/breakthroughs/cosmology\">age of the cosmos\u003c/a>, glimpsed some of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">most distant objects in space\u003c/a> and time…and the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a tough act to follow. So what’s different about Webb? The size!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubble’s primary light-collecting mirror has a diameter of 8 feet. Webb’s primary mirror, an array of 18 hexagonal sections of light-weight, gold-coated beryllium, measures over 21 feet across!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for Hubble’s relatively small primary mirror is that the entire telescope had to fit inside the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle that carried it into orbit. If Webb’s much larger mirror were a single piece of material, getting it into space would be an almost insurmountable engineering challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Webb’s multi-mirror design allows the array to be “folded up” into a compact space. Once Webb arrives at its destination, the mirror sections will open up and fit together into a single functional mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeing the Universe in a Different Light\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a “visible light” telescope, observing light with wavelengths visible to the human eye. The source of visible light in the universe is primarily hot things, like stars—and by extension galaxies, which are composed of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg\" alt=\"The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1920x1056.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1180x649.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-960x528.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-375x206.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/K. Gordon (U. of Arizona)/NOAO/Spitzer Space Telescope)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb is an \u003cem>infrared\u003c/em> telescope. Its suite of light detectors—cameras for capturing images, spectrometers for analyzing chemical composition—are sensitive to \u003ca href=\"http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/\">lower-energy infrared light\u003c/a>. So, Webb will observe emissions from cooler objects, like molecular clouds containing organic molecules, disks of material forming new planetary systems, and the atmospheres of distant extrasolar planets, to name only a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Location, Location, Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venerable Hubble orbits the Earth, only 300 miles above our planet’s surface—so at any given moment, half of Hubble’s view of space is blocked by a huge, glaring planet. And since Hubble makes an orbit every 95 minutes, it can only observe a celestial object for less than an hour before its line of sight is blocked by the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will orbit the sun at a special location called \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html\">Earth’s “L2” Lagrange point\u003c/a>, a million miles farther out. At the L2 point, the Earth and the sun work together to form a sort of gravitational “pocket” in which a spacecraft can remain almost stationary with very little assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will move along with the Earth as they both orbit the sun, like a balloon tethered to a running child, and not wander off to some distant place in the solar system. Since it’s not orbiting the Earth as Hubble does, Webb’s line of sight to celestial objects of interest won’t be routinely cut off—and at a million miles away, Earth doesn’t block much of the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb is also equipped with a tennis-court-sized sun-shade, which will shield it not only from the Sun’s intense radiation, but also from the infrared emissions of the Earth and moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg\" alt=\"The Webb's giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Webb’s giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keeping Webb cool is critical to its ability to sense the faint infrared emanations from distant objects. If warmed by the sun, Webb’s own optics and sensors would glow with infrared light, thus seeing those faint objects would be difficult—like looking out a window on a nighttime scene from inside a brightly lit house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Will Webb Show Us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble has observed some of the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">distant galaxies in space\u003c/a>—and since it takes time for their light to travel to us, the farther away they are, the further back in time we see them. When we look at a galaxy that is a billion light years away, it is sort of like watching a video that was recorded a billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will see further back in time by observing infrared emissions of the gases that eventually formed the earliest galaxies, before their stars were born and began emitting visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, Webb will analyze confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>—especially exoplanets similar to Earth in size and distance from their star. Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around\">seven approximately Earth-sized planets\u003c/a> were confirmed orbiting the same star, only 40 light years from us. Three of these planets are at the right distance from their star, TRAPPIST-1, that liquid water could exist on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-art-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb will look for infrared emissions from exoplanet atmospheres—if present—and analyze their chemical compositions. If a planet has a liquid water cycle, then there should be water vapor present in its atmosphere. And, if it possesses life, there should be chemical telltales of its activity, such as molecular oxygen or methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope still has a few tests to get through before it is certified space-worthy—just like an astronaut being examined by the doctor who will give them a thumbs-up to launch—but the cosmic revelations it may ultimately bring should be well worth the wait.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>With the election to replace termed-out Gov. Jerry Brown still 20 months away, Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom has a clear advantage according to a \u003ca href=\"https://gallery.mailchimp.com/d77c7ab2fffb03c109d588f05/files/bc3ee2f9-5e38-42af-a8c3-41c3c121c2f1/2017_03_gubernatorial_election.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new poll\u003c/a> conducted by the UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies (IGS).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the five announced candidates for governor, Newsom received support from 28 percent of registered voters, followed by Republican businessman John Cox with 18 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other Democrats running, former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa got 11 percent, State Treasurer John Chiang had 8 percent and former state schools superintendent Delaine Eastin was last with just 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly one in three voters -- 32 percent -- remain undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poll director Mark DiCamillo, formerly of Field Poll, says Newsom's strength is his name I.D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has a very good image with Democrats, which is why he's so far ahead,\" DiCamillo said. \"He's very well positioned because Democrats know him and they seem to like him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting known in a state as large as California is no small task. In addition to getting national publicity as mayor of San Francisco when he led the fight for same-sex marriage, Newsom also fixed his name to two high-profile statewide ballot measures last year. Proposition 63 to expand gun control and Proposition 64 to legalize marijuana both easily passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DiCamillo said the relatively high support for unknown candidate John Cox was mostly due to his being the only Republican on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second question, which added potential candidates who have not yet announced, included another Republican, San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer. With two Republicans to choose from, voters split right down the middle, with both Cox and Faulconer getting 11 percent support, making them tied for second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that larger list, Newsom maintains his lead with 24 percent. Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti attracts support from 9 percent and Antonio Villaraigosa falls to 7 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest -- including John Chiang, businessman Tom Steyer and state Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León followed behind in single digits. Twenty-one percent were undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California's primary system, the top two finishers go on to face off in November. IGS poll director Mark DiCamillo says the best path for the leading Democrat would be for Republicans to consolidate their support around a single candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you’re Newsom, you might be rooting for the Republicans to clear the field,\" DiCamillo said. \"If he’s the Democratic finalist he’s going to want to run against a Republican if he can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll was based on a survey of 1,000 California registered voters. It was administered online by YouGov from March 13-20, 2017 in English and Spanish. Results from the overall sample have a 3.6 percent (plus or minus) margin of error.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With the election to replace termed-out Gov. Jerry Brown still 20 months away, Lt. Gov. Gavin Newsom has a clear advantage according to a \u003ca href=\"https://gallery.mailchimp.com/d77c7ab2fffb03c109d588f05/files/bc3ee2f9-5e38-42af-a8c3-41c3c121c2f1/2017_03_gubernatorial_election.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">new poll\u003c/a> conducted by the UC Berkeley Institute of Governmental Studies (IGS).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the five announced candidates for governor, Newsom received support from 28 percent of registered voters, followed by Republican businessman John Cox with 18 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other Democrats running, former Los Angeles Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa got 11 percent, State Treasurer John Chiang had 8 percent and former state schools superintendent Delaine Eastin was last with just 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly one in three voters -- 32 percent -- remain undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Poll director Mark DiCamillo, formerly of Field Poll, says Newsom's strength is his name I.D.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He has a very good image with Democrats, which is why he's so far ahead,\" DiCamillo said. \"He's very well positioned because Democrats know him and they seem to like him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting known in a state as large as California is no small task. In addition to getting national publicity as mayor of San Francisco when he led the fight for same-sex marriage, Newsom also fixed his name to two high-profile statewide ballot measures last year. Proposition 63 to expand gun control and Proposition 64 to legalize marijuana both easily passed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DiCamillo said the relatively high support for unknown candidate John Cox was mostly due to his being the only Republican on the list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second question, which added potential candidates who have not yet announced, included another Republican, San Diego Mayor Kevin Faulconer. With two Republicans to choose from, voters split right down the middle, with both Cox and Faulconer getting 11 percent support, making them tied for second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In that larger list, Newsom maintains his lead with 24 percent. Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti attracts support from 9 percent and Antonio Villaraigosa falls to 7 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest -- including John Chiang, businessman Tom Steyer and state Senate President Pro Tem Kevin de León followed behind in single digits. Twenty-one percent were undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California's primary system, the top two finishers go on to face off in November. IGS poll director Mark DiCamillo says the best path for the leading Democrat would be for Republicans to consolidate their support around a single candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you’re Newsom, you might be rooting for the Republicans to clear the field,\" DiCamillo said. \"If he’s the Democratic finalist he’s going to want to run against a Republican if he can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll was based on a survey of 1,000 California registered voters. It was administered online by YouGov from March 13-20, 2017 in English and Spanish. Results from the overall sample have a 3.6 percent (plus or minus) margin of error.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California's state government should pick up the tab for more local election costs, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2017/3634/state-role-elections-033017.pdf\">report \u003c/a>released Thursday by the state Legislative Analyst's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's 58 counties currently shoulder the costs for federal and state elections, but don't receive reliable payments to cover those costs. Towns, cities and school districts typically reimburse counties for carrying out their local elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The state has a clear interest in secure, timely, and uniform elections,\" the LAO report says. \"While the state reaps regular benefits from county elections administration, it only sporadically provides funding to counties for election activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law requires that counties provide services such as vote-by-mail, but in recent years the state has suspended the \"mandate\" around these services. That's allowed the state government to avoid reimbursing the counties for the costs, which the report estimates at around $30 million in general election years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without reimbursement, California's poorer counties have difficulty providing more robust services such as voter registration programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Counties that have more resources are able to provide more services to voters,\" says Kim Alexander, president of the California Voter Foundation, which works to improve the state election system. \"Some of the smaller and more rural counties aren't able to provide those services.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LAO report recommends the state give block grants to county governments, to help share the costs of putting on elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Basing the grant amount on the number of registered voters could encourage counties to increase voter registration,\" the report finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's January budget continued the suspension of reimbursing counties for election costs, and the Legislature is \u003ca href=\"http://www.calvoter.org/issues/votereng/advocacy/2017-18/CVF_Election_Mandates_Support_Letter_Senate_March_2017.pdf\">currently weighing \u003c/a>whether to push for increased funding in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's state government should pick up the tab for more local election costs, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/reports/2017/3634/state-role-elections-033017.pdf\">report \u003c/a>released Thursday by the state Legislative Analyst's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's 58 counties currently shoulder the costs for federal and state elections, but don't receive reliable payments to cover those costs. Towns, cities and school districts typically reimburse counties for carrying out their local elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The state has a clear interest in secure, timely, and uniform elections,\" the LAO report says. \"While the state reaps regular benefits from county elections administration, it only sporadically provides funding to counties for election activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law requires that counties provide services such as vote-by-mail, but in recent years the state has suspended the \"mandate\" around these services. That's allowed the state government to avoid reimbursing the counties for the costs, which the report estimates at around $30 million in general election years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without reimbursement, California's poorer counties have difficulty providing more robust services such as voter registration programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Counties that have more resources are able to provide more services to voters,\" says Kim Alexander, president of the California Voter Foundation, which works to improve the state election system. \"Some of the smaller and more rural counties aren't able to provide those services.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The LAO report recommends the state give block grants to county governments, to help share the costs of putting on elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Basing the grant amount on the number of registered voters could encourage counties to increase voter registration,\" the report finds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's January budget continued the suspension of reimbursing counties for election costs, and the Legislature is \u003ca href=\"http://www.calvoter.org/issues/votereng/advocacy/2017-18/CVF_Election_Mandates_Support_Letter_Senate_March_2017.pdf\">currently weighing \u003c/a>whether to push for increased funding in the coming years.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When the Senate Agriculture Committee voted Thursday to send President Trump’s pick to run the U.S. Department of Agriculture to the full Senate, the man who runs one of California’s top farm industry groups began to see a future where his organization had more access to the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump nominated former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue to be Secretary of Agriculture in January, but his confirmation was delayed when ethical concerns about his business ties emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that time, agricultural groups have had no line in to the White House, according to California Farm Bureau president Paul Wenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The folks aren’t there to talk to,” Wenger said in an interview Thursday. “Nobody really knows how to get a hold and to weigh in on issues. We just need to get somebody in there.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farm bureau was initially supportive of Tom Vilsack, the former USDA secretary under former President Obama. Vilsack visited California many times and several top officials at the department came from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But during a visit to California last year, Vilsack advocated for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/29/in-historic-vote-assembly-oks-hiking-overtime-pay-for-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overtime benefits for farmworkers\u003c/a> in the state. While labor advocates and California lawmakers backed a new law passed last summer, the industry was opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue understands the issues that California farmers face, Wenger said. Just like Georgia, the Golden State relies on immigrant labor for agricultural work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue has moderate views on trade and immigration. Politico pointed out that \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/trump-will-pick-sonny-perdue-to-lead-agriculture-233820\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">those views are not entirely in line with Trump’s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/trump-immigration-policies-could-hurt-california-economists-warn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report \u003c/a>from the UCLA Anderson Forecast found that the new administration’s stricter immigration policies could particularly affect the estimated 840,000 people in the state’s agricultural industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another industry group, Western Growers, which represents local and regional family farmers in California, applauded the committee’s vote and touched on the same theme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We trust that secretary-designate Perdue will pursue a resolution to one of our industry’s greatest needs, ensuring that immigration reform — one that works for all of agriculture — remains a top priority for the president,” said Tom Nassif, the organization’s president and CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local environmental groups are not happy Perdue’s road to the White House cabinet is now moving smoothly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erich Pica, president of the Berkeley-based Friends of the Earth, called Perdue’s confirmation hearing impossibly short and easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee failed to properly scrutinize Perdue’s record, Pica said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allowing the Trump administration to smoothly confirm a nominee dogged by ethics complaints and vexed with deep personal ties to big agribusiness is reprehensible,” Pica said. “Perdue’s inability to separate business and politics make him unfit to serve and we hope Democrats will not turn a blind eye to his ethics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue’s confirmation hearing came after \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/22/agriculture-secretary-nominee-sonny-perdue-senate-confirmation-hearing/99457310/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he reached an agreement with the Office of Government Ethics\u003c/a> to avoid conflicts of interest. As governor of Georgia, he was criticized for refusing to place his assets in a blind trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the deal he is \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-03-12/usda-pick-perdue-cutting-business-ties-but-keeping-real-estate\">cutting ties to his farming business,\u003c/a> but keeping his real estate investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Special Relevance For Californians\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The USDA runs a food safety division that came under scrutiny in the Bay Area after the 2014 nationwide meat recall involving the now-defunct, Petaluma-based Rancho Feeding Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recall led the department’s Office of Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/22/feds-toughen-meat-inspections-in-wake-of-petaluma-slaughterhouse-case/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to hire more full-time inspectors\u003c/a> to keep tabs on meat-processing plants across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food safety advocates who pushed for stricter enforcement of slaughterhouse regulations due to the Rancho recall are cautiously optimistic about Perdue, who is a trained veterinarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On his resume, he comes in with a food safety background,” said Tony Corbo, senior lobbyist at Food & Water Watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Trump’s budget calls for a $4.7 billion cut in the USDA’s budget, the president’s spending plan does not make cuts to the FSIS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s one glimmer of hope,” Corbo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has not yet nominated someone to be the FSIS under-secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A better picture of the new administration’s views on food safety should come once that person has been named and the president’s more detailed spending plan emerges in the coming months, Corbo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another agency under the USDA that has increased its work in California is the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has managed public land in California for more than a century. In recent years, large sections of national forestland in the state have been charred by massive wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re one of the very largest land owners in California,” said Susie Kocher, a natural resources adviser and registered professional forester for the University of California’s Cooperative Extension in the Central Sierra. “What they do has always been really important to local communities and the state economy as a whole.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s budget makes no cuts to the department’s funds for wildland fire preparedness and firefighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kocher said she hopes Perdue makes reforms to federal forest management including tree thinning and prescribed burns “to keep our forests more resilient and healthy so they can withstand wildfire and drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the years-long dry spell, more than a 100 million trees died across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really dealing with a crisis in forest health,” Kocher said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When the Senate Agriculture Committee voted Thursday to send President Trump’s pick to run the U.S. Department of Agriculture to the full Senate, the man who runs one of California’s top farm industry groups began to see a future where his organization had more access to the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump nominated former Georgia Gov. Sonny Perdue to be Secretary of Agriculture in January, but his confirmation was delayed when ethical concerns about his business ties emerged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that time, agricultural groups have had no line in to the White House, according to California Farm Bureau president Paul Wenger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The folks aren’t there to talk to,” Wenger said in an interview Thursday. “Nobody really knows how to get a hold and to weigh in on issues. We just need to get somebody in there.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farm bureau was initially supportive of Tom Vilsack, the former USDA secretary under former President Obama. Vilsack visited California many times and several top officials at the department came from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But during a visit to California last year, Vilsack advocated for \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/29/in-historic-vote-assembly-oks-hiking-overtime-pay-for-farmworkers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">overtime benefits for farmworkers\u003c/a> in the state. While labor advocates and California lawmakers backed a new law passed last summer, the industry was opposed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue understands the issues that California farmers face, Wenger said. Just like Georgia, the Golden State relies on immigrant labor for agricultural work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue has moderate views on trade and immigration. Politico pointed out that \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/01/trump-will-pick-sonny-perdue-to-lead-agriculture-233820\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">those views are not entirely in line with Trump’s\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/trump-immigration-policies-could-hurt-california-economists-warn/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report \u003c/a>from the UCLA Anderson Forecast found that the new administration’s stricter immigration policies could particularly affect the estimated 840,000 people in the state’s agricultural industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another industry group, Western Growers, which represents local and regional family farmers in California, applauded the committee’s vote and touched on the same theme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We trust that secretary-designate Perdue will pursue a resolution to one of our industry’s greatest needs, ensuring that immigration reform — one that works for all of agriculture — remains a top priority for the president,” said Tom Nassif, the organization’s president and CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local environmental groups are not happy Perdue’s road to the White House cabinet is now moving smoothly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erich Pica, president of the Berkeley-based Friends of the Earth, called Perdue’s confirmation hearing impossibly short and easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The committee failed to properly scrutinize Perdue’s record, Pica said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allowing the Trump administration to smoothly confirm a nominee dogged by ethics complaints and vexed with deep personal ties to big agribusiness is reprehensible,” Pica said. “Perdue’s inability to separate business and politics make him unfit to serve and we hope Democrats will not turn a blind eye to his ethics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perdue’s confirmation hearing came after \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2017/03/22/agriculture-secretary-nominee-sonny-perdue-senate-confirmation-hearing/99457310/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">he reached an agreement with the Office of Government Ethics\u003c/a> to avoid conflicts of interest. As governor of Georgia, he was criticized for refusing to place his assets in a blind trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the deal he is \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/articles/2017-03-12/usda-pick-perdue-cutting-business-ties-but-keeping-real-estate\">cutting ties to his farming business,\u003c/a> but keeping his real estate investments.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Special Relevance For Californians\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The USDA runs a food safety division that came under scrutiny in the Bay Area after the 2014 nationwide meat recall involving the now-defunct, Petaluma-based Rancho Feeding Corp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recall led the department’s Office of Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/22/feds-toughen-meat-inspections-in-wake-of-petaluma-slaughterhouse-case/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to hire more full-time inspectors\u003c/a> to keep tabs on meat-processing plants across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food safety advocates who pushed for stricter enforcement of slaughterhouse regulations due to the Rancho recall are cautiously optimistic about Perdue, who is a trained veterinarian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On his resume, he comes in with a food safety background,” said Tony Corbo, senior lobbyist at Food & Water Watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Trump’s budget calls for a $4.7 billion cut in the USDA’s budget, the president’s spending plan does not make cuts to the FSIS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s one glimmer of hope,” Corbo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has not yet nominated someone to be the FSIS under-secretary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A better picture of the new administration’s views on food safety should come once that person has been named and the president’s more detailed spending plan emerges in the coming months, Corbo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another agency under the USDA that has increased its work in California is the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency has managed public land in California for more than a century. In recent years, large sections of national forestland in the state have been charred by massive wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re one of the very largest land owners in California,” said Susie Kocher, a natural resources adviser and registered professional forester for the University of California’s Cooperative Extension in the Central Sierra. “What they do has always been really important to local communities and the state economy as a whole.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s budget makes no cuts to the department’s funds for wildland fire preparedness and firefighting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kocher said she hopes Perdue makes reforms to federal forest management including tree thinning and prescribed burns “to keep our forests more resilient and healthy so they can withstand wildfire and drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the years-long dry spell, more than a 100 million trees died across California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re really dealing with a crisis in forest health,” Kocher said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump's executive order to restrict travel to the U.S. from six majority-Muslim countries and suspend the U.S. refugee program has been blocked indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of Hawaii sued to stop the travel ban, arguing the president's policy violates the Constitution. U.S. District Judge Derrick Watson has extended his nationwide order blocking the executive order while the lawsuit continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawaii officials argued that the ban -- a modified version issued after the first executive order was also blocked by federal courts -- discriminates against travelers on the basis of religion. Watson said in his ruling that the state had shown \"a strong likelihood of success on the merits of their \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/establishment_clause\">Establishment Clause claim\u003c/a>, that irreparable injury is likely if the requested relief is not issued.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dszQLZE2u2fExuDXnipjt15o51XmkqhA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Two-Way \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/16/520391884/the-new-rulings-against-trumps-travel-ban-what-was-blocked-and-why\">has reported\u003c/a>, the president sought to deny entry to citizens of Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen for 90 days and suspend the U.S. refugee program for 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first part of the executive order, affecting travelers from the six majority-Muslim countries, was also blocked by a U.S. district judge in Maryland. That preliminary injunction remains in effect. The Trump administration is appealing the Maryland ruling to the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"VngFpXYI8aQKnkWfxPaevzRn2on98ZGD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration promised \"extreme vetting\" of people seeking visas, and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/24/521387739/state-department-instructs-embassies-to-beef-up-screening-for-visa-applicants\">issued guidelines\u003c/a> in a series of memorandums from Secretary of State Rex Tillerson to U.S. embassies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump's executive order to restrict travel to the U.S. from six majority-Muslim countries and suspend the U.S. refugee program has been blocked indefinitely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of Hawaii sued to stop the travel ban, arguing the president's policy violates the Constitution. U.S. District Judge Derrick Watson has extended his nationwide order blocking the executive order while the lawsuit continues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawaii officials argued that the ban -- a modified version issued after the first executive order was also blocked by federal courts -- discriminates against travelers on the basis of religion. Watson said in his ruling that the state had shown \"a strong likelihood of success on the merits of their \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/establishment_clause\">Establishment Clause claim\u003c/a>, that irreparable injury is likely if the requested relief is not issued.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Two-Way \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/16/520391884/the-new-rulings-against-trumps-travel-ban-what-was-blocked-and-why\">has reported\u003c/a>, the president sought to deny entry to citizens of Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen for 90 days and suspend the U.S. refugee program for 120 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first part of the executive order, affecting travelers from the six majority-Muslim countries, was also blocked by a U.S. district judge in Maryland. That preliminary injunction remains in effect. The Trump administration is appealing the Maryland ruling to the 4th Circuit Court of Appeals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration promised \"extreme vetting\" of people seeking visas, and has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/24/521387739/state-department-instructs-embassies-to-beef-up-screening-for-visa-applicants\">issued guidelines\u003c/a> in a series of memorandums from Secretary of State Rex Tillerson to U.S. embassies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "See How One Year’s Snowpack Buried the California Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It might be appropriate that California water managers designate April 1 as the date when the Sierra snowpack is presumed to be at its peak for the season. It tends to be unpredictable. But this year’s bounty is no April Fool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water content of the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> currently stands at 164 percent of normal for this date (the official April 1 snow survey being held on March 30 this year, fudging for the weekend). Two years ago, it stood at 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference is starkly illustrated in satellite imagery that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a> has compiled from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>, comparing three well-known parts of the Sierra this year, side-by-side with the same spots in 2015. (Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1515789\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1515789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02.jpg\" alt=\"SnowpackLocator02\" width=\"346\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-160x171.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-240x257.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-375x402.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-520x557.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These three locations are shown in the satellite images below. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/02/astounding-snowpack-bodes-well-for-summer-water-supply/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blitz of winter storms\u003c/a> from late December into February, it looked like this year’s snowpack might be headed for a record. NASA snow hydrologist Tom Painter says it was like taking the entire average annual flow of the Colorado River and dumping it on the Sierra in about six weeks’ time. But the parade of Pacific storms has slowed to a trickle in March and California’s precipitation season winds down in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another reason why this year’s snow is unlikely to surpass the record year of 1983: temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the difference this year is that the storms are coming in warm,” says hydrologist Roger Bales, “So areas that maybe in 1983 got snow accumulation, are now getting rainfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://snri.ucmerced.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada Research Institute\u003c/a> at UC Merced, sees this as part of a long-term trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=006692d2-1572-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n“It’s really that warmer-temperature regime that we’re moving into,” he says. “Our best outlooks using climate models suggest [that] as we continue to put more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we’re going to see, on average, warmer winter temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales says the evidence is already on the ground, the “snow line” (elevation where it becomes cold enough for rain to turn to snow) having moved uphill “a few hundred feet” in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f48c26b6-14e0-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting more of those warm storms where the snow line is up 8,000 or 9,000 feet in the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the record, that 1983 snowpack was at 230 percent—more than double—the “normal” amount around April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=79c97436-14dd-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By almost any measure, however, this has been a banner year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two years ago\u003c/a> that Governor Jerry Brown stood on a barren slope near Echo Summit, using the stark backdrop to announce the first-ever statewide mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he decides to make a return visit today, he’d better bring snowshoes. He’d be standing on closer to 10 feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Satellite views reveal a banner year for snow in the Sierra Nevada. The snowpack, which provides one-third of California's water supply, is 164 percent of normal, up from just 5 percent two years ago.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It might be appropriate that California water managers designate April 1 as the date when the Sierra snowpack is presumed to be at its peak for the season. It tends to be unpredictable. But this year’s bounty is no April Fool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water content of the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\">Sierra Nevada snowpack\u003c/a> currently stands at 164 percent of normal for this date (the official April 1 snow survey being held on March 30 this year, fudging for the weekend). Two years ago, it stood at 5 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The difference is starkly illustrated in satellite imagery that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED\u003c/a> has compiled from \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>, comparing three well-known parts of the Sierra this year, side-by-side with the same spots in 2015. (Use the vertical slider to compare side-by-side images.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1515789\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 346px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1515789\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02.jpg\" alt=\"SnowpackLocator02\" width=\"346\" height=\"371\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02.jpg 700w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-160x171.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-240x257.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-375x402.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/SnowpackLocator02-520x557.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 346px) 100vw, 346px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These three locations are shown in the satellite images below. \u003ccite>(Teodros Hailye/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/02/astounding-snowpack-bodes-well-for-summer-water-supply/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a blitz of winter storms\u003c/a> from late December into February, it looked like this year’s snowpack might be headed for a record. NASA snow hydrologist Tom Painter says it was like taking the entire average annual flow of the Colorado River and dumping it on the Sierra in about six weeks’ time. But the parade of Pacific storms has slowed to a trickle in March and California’s precipitation season winds down in April.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s another reason why this year’s snow is unlikely to surpass the record year of 1983: temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of the difference this year is that the storms are coming in warm,” says hydrologist Roger Bales, “So areas that maybe in 1983 got snow accumulation, are now getting rainfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://snri.ucmerced.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sierra Nevada Research Institute\u003c/a> at UC Merced, sees this as part of a long-term trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=006692d2-1572-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n“It’s really that warmer-temperature regime that we’re moving into,” he says. “Our best outlooks using climate models suggest [that] as we continue to put more greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, we’re going to see, on average, warmer winter temperatures.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bales says the evidence is already on the ground, the “snow line” (elevation where it becomes cold enough for rain to turn to snow) having moved uphill “a few hundred feet” in recent decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=f48c26b6-14e0-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting more of those warm storms where the snow line is up 8,000 or 9,000 feet in the mountains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the record, that 1983 snowpack was at 230 percent—more than double—the “normal” amount around April 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"100%\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=79c97436-14dd-11e7-9577-0edaf8f81e27\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By almost any measure, however, this has been a banner year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/03/31/record-low-sierra-snowpack-will-drive-home-drought-impacts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">two years ago\u003c/a> that Governor Jerry Brown stood on a barren slope near Echo Summit, using the stark backdrop to announce the first-ever statewide mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If he decides to make a return visit today, he’d better bring snowshoes. He’d be standing on closer to 10 feet of snow.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>My family welcomed a baby girl in December. A few weeks before she was born, we noticed the baby store at the end of our block in Oakland was having a “going out of business” sale after 34 years in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we went in and asked why, the owner got straight to the point: Amazon. The store had competed with the online retailer for as long as it could and just couldn’t anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is taking a multi-faceted look at online retailers. In some places, their huge distribution centers are creating much-needed jobs. In others, they’re putting mom-and-pop shops in a really tough spot. How are YOU experiencing this? Is it having an impact on your neighborhood and where you shop?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please take a few minutes to answer some questions, it would sure be helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[MainStreet]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>My family welcomed a baby girl in December. A few weeks before she was born, we noticed the baby store at the end of our block in Oakland was having a “going out of business” sale after 34 years in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we went in and asked why, the owner got straight to the point: Amazon. The store had competed with the online retailer for as long as it could and just couldn’t anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is taking a multi-faceted look at online retailers. In some places, their huge distribution centers are creating much-needed jobs. In others, they’re putting mom-and-pop shops in a really tough spot. How are YOU experiencing this? Is it having an impact on your neighborhood and where you shop?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please take a few minutes to answer some questions, it would sure be helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[MainStreet]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Lourdes Martinez, an organizer who works with Latina women in the Bay Area, says that since the election of President Trump her clients have been on edge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were times when it was like daily — we were getting people calling us with fears that ICE was in their communities,” said Martinez, political director of Mujeres Unidas y Activas. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that rumors of immigration officials patrolling Alameda County have been increasingly more common, and she believes that actual sightings of federal agents have spiked, too, based on the details callers have provided. “They would see the ‘ICE Police’ jackets and vans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”FLueTo53DjveJXYESJDIKVAWY30QkzBp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the heightened anxiety among undocumented East Bay residents, Alameda County and Oakland are funding a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbar.org/forms/immigration/acilep-english-printable.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">24/7 hotline\u003c/a> where immigrants can report suspected enforcement activity by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents. The hotline was launched this month and is operated by a coalition, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://centrolegal.org/legal-service-organizations-community-groups-joined-forces-create-alameda-county-immigration-legal-education-partnership-acilep/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County Immigration Legal & Education Partnership (ACILEP)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The partnership is a collaboration between the Public Defender’s Office, Mujeres Unidas y Activas and eight other community organizations, and its purpose is to provide verification of suspected ICE activity, legal representation for detained immigrants and “know your rights” trainings at locations throughout the county, including schools and places of worship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the election, Alameda County Supervisor Wilma Chan said she began hearing about immigrants skipping county health care appointments and pulling their children out of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people are going underground,” she said. Chan felt it was important to provide support and legal aid to the county’s undocumented population, which the Public Policy Institute of California estimates to number more than 100,000. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Chan started searching for funding from local philanthropic organizations. She found a willing partner in the San Francisco Foundation, which pledged to match up to $750,000 from Alameda County. The foundation also matched Oakland’s contribution of $300,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n‘Raid verification … is extremely important because of all the rumors and false information that is sweeping through the community and creating so much panic and fear.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Marisela Esparza, SFILEN program manager\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This type of coalition is new to Alameda County, but will be modeled after the San Francisco Immigrant Legal & Education Network (SFILEN), which started a hotline to report ICE activity back in 2007. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Raid verification … is extremely important because of all the rumors and false information that is sweeping through the community and creating so much panic and fear,” explained Marisela Esparza, the network’s program manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the San Francisco hotline receives a call, the operator dispatches volunteer observers who go to the scene to confirm whether or not enforcement is taking place. If it is, on-call attorneys are sent to enter their appearance as legal representatives for the detainees and try to prevent immediate deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County’s partnership will work in much the same way, but it will receive more funding than the San Francisco network. This allows the partnership to hire seven paid community responders who will deploy to the site of a reported raid to check out whether ICE is actually arresting people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleni Wolfe-Roubatis, the immigration project director for Centro Legal de la Raza, told KQED that, “It’s important that community members know their due process rights.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that a common tactic employed by ICE is to have detainees sign a document waiving their right to go before an immigration judge, so it’s important that immigrants get legal advice during a raid so they don’t inadvertently deprive themselves of their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officers have also been accused of letting people believe they are local police during enforcement operations. A recent \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED investigation\u003c/a> revealed that federal agents who detained an undocumented Oakland resident told him they were investigating a hit-and-run as a way to get him to come out of his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to a \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9502&context=penn_law_review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study by the University of Pennsylvania Law Review\u003c/a>, most detainees go without representation: only about a third of immigrants manage to find a lawyer and that proportion drops to around 14 percent for immigrants who have been detained by ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other counties in the Bay Area are looking at ways to support their own undocumented populations, but so far San Francisco and Alameda County are the only two with rapid response networks in place. Centro Legal de la Raza also represents many clients in Contra Costa County, so the staff has been exploring ways to collaborate with community groups there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ilyce Shugall of Community Legal Services of East Palo Alto, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors is considering a measure that would fund support and legal defense of undocumented immigrants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving forward, Shugall explained that legal service providers are hoping to provide verification and representation on a larger scale: “We’re still working out, on a regional level, how to best address the locations that aren’t going to have a hotline for their specific jurisdictions.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In response to heightened anxiety among undocumented East Bay residents, Alameda County and Oakland are funding a new rapid response network where immigrants can report suspected enforcement activity by ICE.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Lourdes Martinez, an organizer who works with Latina women in the Bay Area, says that since the election of President Trump her clients have been on edge. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were times when it was like daily — we were getting people calling us with fears that ICE was in their communities,” said Martinez, political director of Mujeres Unidas y Activas. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that rumors of immigration officials patrolling Alameda County have been increasingly more common, and she believes that actual sightings of federal agents have spiked, too, based on the details callers have provided. “They would see the ‘ICE Police’ jackets and vans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the heightened anxiety among undocumented East Bay residents, Alameda County and Oakland are funding a new \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbar.org/forms/immigration/acilep-english-printable.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">24/7 hotline\u003c/a> where immigrants can report suspected enforcement activity by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents. The hotline was launched this month and is operated by a coalition, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://centrolegal.org/legal-service-organizations-community-groups-joined-forces-create-alameda-county-immigration-legal-education-partnership-acilep/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County Immigration Legal & Education Partnership (ACILEP)\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The partnership is a collaboration between the Public Defender’s Office, Mujeres Unidas y Activas and eight other community organizations, and its purpose is to provide verification of suspected ICE activity, legal representation for detained immigrants and “know your rights” trainings at locations throughout the county, including schools and places of worship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the election, Alameda County Supervisor Wilma Chan said she began hearing about immigrants skipping county health care appointments and pulling their children out of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people are going underground,” she said. Chan felt it was important to provide support and legal aid to the county’s undocumented population, which the Public Policy Institute of California estimates to number more than 100,000. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So Chan started searching for funding from local philanthropic organizations. She found a willing partner in the San Francisco Foundation, which pledged to match up to $750,000 from Alameda County. The foundation also matched Oakland’s contribution of $300,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\n‘Raid verification … is extremely important because of all the rumors and false information that is sweeping through the community and creating so much panic and fear.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Marisela Esparza, SFILEN program manager\u003c/cite>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This type of coalition is new to Alameda County, but will be modeled after the San Francisco Immigrant Legal & Education Network (SFILEN), which started a hotline to report ICE activity back in 2007. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Raid verification … is extremely important because of all the rumors and false information that is sweeping through the community and creating so much panic and fear,” explained Marisela Esparza, the network’s program manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the San Francisco hotline receives a call, the operator dispatches volunteer observers who go to the scene to confirm whether or not enforcement is taking place. If it is, on-call attorneys are sent to enter their appearance as legal representatives for the detainees and try to prevent immediate deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County’s partnership will work in much the same way, but it will receive more funding than the San Francisco network. This allows the partnership to hire seven paid community responders who will deploy to the site of a reported raid to check out whether ICE is actually arresting people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eleni Wolfe-Roubatis, the immigration project director for Centro Legal de la Raza, told KQED that, “It’s important that community members know their due process rights.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said that a common tactic employed by ICE is to have detainees sign a document waiving their right to go before an immigration judge, so it’s important that immigrants get legal advice during a raid so they don’t inadvertently deprive themselves of their day in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officers have also been accused of letting people believe they are local police during enforcement operations. A recent \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/08/how-trump-could-detain-more-immigrants-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED investigation\u003c/a> revealed that federal agents who detained an undocumented Oakland resident told him they were investigating a hit-and-run as a way to get him to come out of his house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And according to a \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=9502&context=penn_law_review\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study by the University of Pennsylvania Law Review\u003c/a>, most detainees go without representation: only about a third of immigrants manage to find a lawyer and that proportion drops to around 14 percent for immigrants who have been detained by ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other counties in the Bay Area are looking at ways to support their own undocumented populations, but so far San Francisco and Alameda County are the only two with rapid response networks in place. Centro Legal de la Raza also represents many clients in Contra Costa County, so the staff has been exploring ways to collaborate with community groups there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ilyce Shugall of Community Legal Services of East Palo Alto, the Santa Clara County Board of Supervisors is considering a measure that would fund support and legal defense of undocumented immigrants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moving forward, Shugall explained that legal service providers are hoping to provide verification and representation on a larger scale: “We’re still working out, on a regional level, how to best address the locations that aren’t going to have a hotline for their specific jurisdictions.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "It's a Mushroom Bonanza This Year! What's the Deal?",
"headTitle": "It’s a Mushroom Bonanza This Year! What’s the Deal? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s been a very wet winter across Northern California this year, and that means a bounty of mushrooms is popping up in our yards and forests. This got listener Theresa Halula wondering …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can we find out more about mushrooms that pop up in the area? They are everywhere!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after Theresa sent in this question, reporter Lesley McClurg wrapped up a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/27/winter-rains-leave-forests-flush-with-fungi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story about mushrooms\u003c/a> for KQED Science. We asked her to join us on the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious podcast\u003c/a> to share what she learned on a recent foray — that’s forager lingo for a mushroom hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Here are five things we learned about fungi …\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]1[/dropcap] The cap of the mushroom is only the tip of a much bigger organism that lives underground. Think of the cap as the apple on the apple tree. Underground, tendrils of a thin network called mycelium expand like cobwebs threading through the dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 710px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11382183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933.jpg\" alt=\"Redwood Forest.\" width=\"710\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933.jpg 710w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933-160x97.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933-240x146.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933-375x228.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933-520x316.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redwood Forest. \u003ccite>(Wendy Goodfriend/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]2[/dropcap] Just because there isn’t a cap, doesn’t mean there isn’t a fungal organism. Scientists aren’t certain why some mushrooms pop, and others don’t. Even though conditions have been perfect for mushrooms this year, there are still some varieties that foragers haven’t seen. But that doesn’t mean the fungi isn’t present in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382288\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11382288\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Death cap mushrooms have gills from which they launch spores in order to reproduce. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-520x292.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills.jpg 1570w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Death cap mushrooms have gills from which they launch spores in order to reproduce. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]3[/dropcap] The largest known fungi system in the world is in Oregon’s Malheur National Forest, where one single organism is thought to spread about 3.4 miles. Since most of the organism is underground, there isn’t too much to see — but it’s killed many evergreen trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11382196\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Armillaria mellea, also known as the Honey Mushroom.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Armillaria mellea, also known as the Honey Mushroom. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/corydalina/104135803/in/photolist-acHWT-aWrUgc-QY5Mx8-QY5NfR-kr5Eyh-anomiE-pvknqF-pXZ2cF-hyLdnS-pXBfF6-b5aCgk-6X5qru-zoCbB5-Njo2bv-oYYGUb-Puyxem-Pk3jtm-puW2EL-fD6KR8-qS2UNX-pHhUdU-bUCnHv-cbZBoE-aoEYyK-ap1auw-areMTW-79vLpV-dZc5a8-Ni9nAy-BEVTue-dmZtaE-AX12zW-5vBTYX-aBAVsM-psVFkJ-dMs5X3-pNphuR-3UN28G-qKbiDn-BUvTQD-3PzCy7-aBDAmJ-5VBbi-aBDAyS-guNsVP-hCn3My-areP5W-areFrW-arc6R4-areJoA/\" target=\"_blank\">Nathan Wilson\u003c/a>/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]4[/dropcap] There is a deadly mushroom lurking in California forests called \u003cem>Amanita phalloides\u003c/em>, commonly known as the death cap. It looks a lot like the white button mushroom, so spotting them in the wild can be tricky. Until you really know your stuff, it’s a good idea to have a \u003ca href=\"http://bayareamushrooms.org/poisonings/preventing_poisonings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">local expert\u003c/a> check your mushrooms before eating them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get an up close view of the death caps and hear from a woman who survived eating one in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deep Look\u003c/a> video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bl9aCH2QaQY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]5[/dropcap] The mushroom business is booming. U.S. farms are producing 25 percent more mushrooms today than a decade ago. The largest mushroom farm in North America is Monterey Mushrooms, just south of Santa Cruz. They produce 120,000 pounds of mushrooms every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382287\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11382287\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"The entire crop at Monterey Mushrooms is the button mushroom. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The entire crop at Monterey Mushrooms is the button mushroom. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Read Lesley’s full story: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/27/winter-rains-leave-forests-flush-with-fungi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winter Rains Leave Forests Flush with Fungi\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more at the \u003ca href=\"http://bayareamushrooms.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Mycological Society\u003c/a> website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been a very wet winter across Northern California this year, and that means a bounty of mushrooms is popping up in our yards and forests. This got listener Theresa Halula wondering …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How can we find out more about mushrooms that pop up in the area? They are everywhere!\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after Theresa sent in this question, reporter Lesley McClurg wrapped up a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/27/winter-rains-leave-forests-flush-with-fungi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">story about mushrooms\u003c/a> for KQED Science. We asked her to join us on the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious podcast\u003c/a> to share what she learned on a recent foray — that’s forager lingo for a mushroom hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Here are five things we learned about fungi …\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">1\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> The cap of the mushroom is only the tip of a much bigger organism that lives underground. Think of the cap as the apple on the apple tree. Underground, tendrils of a thin network called mycelium expand like cobwebs threading through the dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 710px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11382183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933.jpg\" alt=\"Redwood Forest.\" width=\"710\" height=\"432\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933.jpg 710w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933-160x97.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933-240x146.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933-375x228.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/sea-of-mushrooms-e1487721258933-520x316.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redwood Forest. \u003ccite>(Wendy Goodfriend/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">2\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> Just because there isn’t a cap, doesn’t mean there isn’t a fungal organism. Scientists aren’t certain why some mushrooms pop, and others don’t. Even though conditions have been perfect for mushrooms this year, there are still some varieties that foragers haven’t seen. But that doesn’t mean the fungi isn’t present in the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382288\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11382288\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"Death cap mushrooms have gills from which they launch spores in order to reproduce. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills-520x292.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/gills.jpg 1570w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Death cap mushrooms have gills from which they launch spores in order to reproduce. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">3\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> The largest known fungi system in the world is in Oregon’s Malheur National Forest, where one single organism is thought to spread about 3.4 miles. Since most of the organism is underground, there isn’t too much to see — but it’s killed many evergreen trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382196\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11382196\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Armillaria mellea, also known as the Honey Mushroom.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/104135803_f79076d1fb_o.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Armillaria mellea, also known as the Honey Mushroom. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/corydalina/104135803/in/photolist-acHWT-aWrUgc-QY5Mx8-QY5NfR-kr5Eyh-anomiE-pvknqF-pXZ2cF-hyLdnS-pXBfF6-b5aCgk-6X5qru-zoCbB5-Njo2bv-oYYGUb-Puyxem-Pk3jtm-puW2EL-fD6KR8-qS2UNX-pHhUdU-bUCnHv-cbZBoE-aoEYyK-ap1auw-areMTW-79vLpV-dZc5a8-Ni9nAy-BEVTue-dmZtaE-AX12zW-5vBTYX-aBAVsM-psVFkJ-dMs5X3-pNphuR-3UN28G-qKbiDn-BUvTQD-3PzCy7-aBDAmJ-5VBbi-aBDAyS-guNsVP-hCn3My-areP5W-areFrW-arc6R4-areJoA/\" target=\"_blank\">Nathan Wilson\u003c/a>/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">4\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> There is a deadly mushroom lurking in California forests called \u003cem>Amanita phalloides\u003c/em>, commonly known as the death cap. It looks a lot like the white button mushroom, so spotting them in the wild can be tricky. Until you really know your stuff, it’s a good idea to have a \u003ca href=\"http://bayareamushrooms.org/poisonings/preventing_poisonings.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">local expert\u003c/a> check your mushrooms before eating them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get an up close view of the death caps and hear from a woman who survived eating one in this \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/KQEDDeepLook\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deep Look\u003c/a> video.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/bl9aCH2QaQY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/bl9aCH2QaQY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">5\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> The mushroom business is booming. U.S. farms are producing 25 percent more mushrooms today than a decade ago. The largest mushroom farm in North America is Monterey Mushrooms, just south of Santa Cruz. They produce 120,000 pounds of mushrooms every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382287\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11382287\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"The entire crop at Monterey Mushrooms is the button mushroom. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mushroomroom-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The entire crop at Monterey Mushrooms is the button mushroom. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Read Lesley’s full story: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/27/winter-rains-leave-forests-flush-with-fungi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Winter Rains Leave Forests Flush with Fungi\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learn more at the \u003ca href=\"http://bayareamushrooms.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Area Mycological Society\u003c/a> website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California arts advocates are fighting battles on many fronts these days. As cuts loom over \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2017/03/17/in-california-the-beginning-of-the-battle-to-save-arts-funding/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal arts funding\u003c/a>, local organizations are lobbying state lawmakers to maintain the same level of support for the arts in the new state budget as the previous year\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Arts Council hobbled along on just $1 million a year for more than a decade in the early 2000s, but last year state lawmakers approved more than $17 million for the \u003ca href=\"http://arts.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Arts Council\u003c/a>, including a one-time bump of $6.8 million. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This January, Gov. Jerry Brown’s budget proposal was missing that extra money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were disappointed but not surprised,” said \u003ca href=\"https://californiaartsadvocates.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Arts Advocates\u003c/a> President Richard Stein, who’s also president and CEO of Arts Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because Gov. Brown’s approach to budgeting is very prudent,” he said. “And he generally would like to see the legislature take the lead on funding for the Arts Council.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stein and his Arts Advocates colleagues delivered their plea Tuesday in the form of a letter to Assemblymen \u003ca href=\"http://abgt.assembly.ca.gov/sub4stateadministration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Cooper, D-Elk Grove\u003c/a>; and \u003ca href=\"http://sd31.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state Sen. Richard Roth\u003c/a>, D-Riverside. Each chairs a budget subcommittee overseeing the California Arts Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even at last year’s funding level,” said California Arts Advocates Board Member Brad Erickson, “we’re still way behind. We’re at 40th per capita investment in the arts among all the other states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erickson and Stein’s letter notes how important state funding may be if President Donald Trump gets his way and cuts all federal arts funding for next year. The budget cuts would mean a loss around $10 million to California alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12969687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 457px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12969687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588.jpeg\" alt=\"Assemblyman Jim Cooper, D-Elk Grove\" width=\"457\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588.jpeg 457w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588-375x211.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman Jim Cooper, D-Elk Grove \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Assemblyman Cooper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cooper issued a statement late Tuesday saying he and his Democratic colleagues voted to add back $4.5 million dollars in arts funding, about two-thirds of what the governor cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe it is more important than ever to support the arts,” Cooper wrote, “and look forward to continue fighting for additional funding and urge my colleagues in the Senate to do the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Sen. Roth noted there’s a lot of “uncertainty” in the budget, not just about arts funding. President Trump has threatened to cut off other subsidies if state legislators pass a law blocking local law enforcement from working with federal immigration authorities. That could leave the state budget short by billions of dollars, pushing state arts funding near the bottom of a long list of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California arts advocates are fighting battles on many fronts these days. As cuts loom over \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/2017/03/17/in-california-the-beginning-of-the-battle-to-save-arts-funding/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal arts funding\u003c/a>, local organizations are lobbying state lawmakers to maintain the same level of support for the arts in the new state budget as the previous year\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Arts Council hobbled along on just $1 million a year for more than a decade in the early 2000s, but last year state lawmakers approved more than $17 million for the \u003ca href=\"http://arts.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Arts Council\u003c/a>, including a one-time bump of $6.8 million. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This January, Gov. Jerry Brown’s budget proposal was missing that extra money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were disappointed but not surprised,” said \u003ca href=\"https://californiaartsadvocates.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Arts Advocates\u003c/a> President Richard Stein, who’s also president and CEO of Arts Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because Gov. Brown’s approach to budgeting is very prudent,” he said. “And he generally would like to see the legislature take the lead on funding for the Arts Council.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stein and his Arts Advocates colleagues delivered their plea Tuesday in the form of a letter to Assemblymen \u003ca href=\"http://abgt.assembly.ca.gov/sub4stateadministration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jim Cooper, D-Elk Grove\u003c/a>; and \u003ca href=\"http://sd31.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state Sen. Richard Roth\u003c/a>, D-Riverside. Each chairs a budget subcommittee overseeing the California Arts Council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even at last year’s funding level,” said California Arts Advocates Board Member Brad Erickson, “we’re still way behind. We’re at 40th per capita investment in the arts among all the other states.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erickson and Stein’s letter notes how important state funding may be if President Donald Trump gets his way and cuts all federal arts funding for next year. The budget cuts would mean a loss around $10 million to California alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12969687\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 457px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12969687\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588.jpeg\" alt=\"Assemblyman Jim Cooper, D-Elk Grove\" width=\"457\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588.jpeg 457w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588-240x135.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/03/Assemblyman-Jim-Cooper-D-Elk-Grove-e1490755443588-375x211.jpeg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 457px) 100vw, 457px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Assemblyman Jim Cooper, D-Elk Grove \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Assemblyman Cooper)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cooper issued a statement late Tuesday saying he and his Democratic colleagues voted to add back $4.5 million dollars in arts funding, about two-thirds of what the governor cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe it is more important than ever to support the arts,” Cooper wrote, “and look forward to continue fighting for additional funding and urge my colleagues in the Senate to do the same.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Sen. Roth noted there’s a lot of “uncertainty” in the budget, not just about arts funding. President Trump has threatened to cut off other subsidies if state legislators pass a law blocking local law enforcement from working with federal immigration authorities. That could leave the state budget short by billions of dollars, pushing state arts funding near the bottom of a long list of priorities.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Brown, Democrats Unveil Revenue Plan for Roads, Bridges, Transit",
"title": "Brown, Democrats Unveil Revenue Plan for Roads, Bridges, Transit",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated, 5:45 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown and Democratic leaders of the state Legislature unveiled a plan Wednesday to raise $52.4 billion over the next decade to pay for a massive program of rebuilding California's highways and bridges and improving public transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan would be paid for with a combination of revenue measures: an increase in the state's excise tax on gasoline from 28 cents to 40 cents a gallon, increased vehicle registration fees and a new $100 annual charge on emission-free vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let's be clear -- our roads suck,\" said Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, a Los Angeles Democrat, one of those who unveiled the plan during a media event on the steps of the State Capitol. \"Our bridges are crumbling. Traffic takes time away from our families. ... Potholes take money out of our wallets. Delays cost businesses money and raise prices for consumers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was embraced by public transportation agencies, who noted that it could provide about $1 billion a year for local and regional transit agencies and $100 million annually for bicycling and pedestrian infrastructure. That infusion of dollars would come as the Trump administration is suggesting \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/trump-transportation-plan-could-derail-bay-area-transit-projects/\" target=\"_blank\">killing a major federal grant program\u003c/a> for transit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That guarantee of new transit funding \"would have a huge impact,\" said Rebecca Saltzman, president of the BART board of directors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Especially with the uncertainty of federal funds, this would be big for BART and all the transit agencies in the state,\" Saltzman said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new state proposal, still under development as SB 1 by state Sen. Jim Beall, D-San Jose, could also help pay for Caltrain's $2 billion electrification project. The Peninsula rail agency is awaiting word on whether the Trump administration will move forward with a $647 million grant that the U.S. Department of Transportation had approved in January, just days before President Barack Obama left office. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Guardino, CEO of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group and a member of the California Transportation Commission, said Beall's proposal would include funding for relieving congestion in \"corridors of significance\" throughout the state. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of those corridors of significance is Highway 101,\" Guardino said. \"That's not only road improvements on Highway 101, it is improvements like Caltrain electrification. We can't forget that three out of every five passengers on Caltrain are choice riders -- they own cars, but they're choosing to get out of their own cars and ride Caltrain, taking traffic off 101, 280 and all those surface streets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>State Transportation and Infrastructure Plan: Some Fine Print\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The plan unveiled Wednesday by Gov. Jerry Brown and Democratic leaders of the Legislature would raise $52.4 billion over 10 years. Key provisions include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Funds for local streets and transportation infrastructure (50 percent):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$15 billion in \"Fix-It-First\" local road repairs, including fixing potholes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$7.5 billion to improve local public transportation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2 billion to support local \"self-help\" communities that are making their own investments in transportation improvements.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1 billion to improve infrastructure that promotes walking and bicycling.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$825 million for the State Transportation Improvement Program local contribution.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$250 million in local transportation planning grants.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Funds for state highways and transportation infrastructure (50 percent):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$15 billion in \"Fix-it-First\" highway repairs, including smoother pavement.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$4 billion in bridge and culvert repairs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$3 billion to improve trade corridors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.5 billion to reduce congestion on major commute corridors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.4 billion in other transportation investments, including $275 million for highway and intercity-transit improvements.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accountability measures:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Constitutional amendment to prohibit spending the funds on anything but transportation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Inspector General to ensure Caltrans and any entities receiving state transportation funds spend taxpayer dollars efficiently, effectively and in compliance with state and federal requirements.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provision that empowers the California Transportation Commission to hold state and local government accountable for making the transportation improvements they commit to delivering.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Authorization for the California Transportation Commission to review and allocate Caltrans funding and staffing for highway maintenance to ensure those levels are reasonable and responsible.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Authorization for Caltrans to complete earlier mitigation of environmental impacts from construction, a policy that will reduce costs and delays while protecting natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where the revenue will come from:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$7.3 billion by increasing diesel excise tax 20 cents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$3.5 billion by increasing diesel sales tax to 5.75 percent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$24.4 billion by increasing gasoline excise tax 12 cents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$16.3 billion from an annual transportation improvement fee based on a vehicle's value.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$200 million from an annual $100 zero emission vehicle fee commencing in 2020.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$706 million in general fund loan repayments.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19727\" target=\"_blank\">Office of Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/a>\u003c/small>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Brown argued during Wednesday's announcement that the revenue plan, to be backed up by a state constitutional amendment that would require proceeds from revenue measures to be spent on transportation projects, would ensure that the state takes care of its infrastructure needs on a pay-as-you-go basis. Backers say the plan would cost most drivers less than $10 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan would require a two-thirds vote in both the Assembly and Senate. That's a goal that's within reach for Democrats, who hold supermajorities in both houses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the proposal, coming after years of party-line disagreement over how much the state ought to spend to pay for its estimated $59 billion in deferred highway infrastructure maintenance and how the investment should be paid for, drew an immediate \"no\" vote from Republicans in the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they have throughout years of negotiations, GOP legislators said that California drivers are paying high gasoline taxes and that the state brings in enough revenue to pay for needed infrastructure fixes and upgrades without increasing levies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our state has become increasingly unaffordable for ordinary Californians,\" a joint statement from GOP lawmakers said. \"We can fix our roads and bridges by simply ensuring that the billions of dollars that drivers are already paying in transportation fees and taxes are actually used for transportation purposes, rather than being swept into the state’s general fund. We strongly urge the Legislature to reject this historic tax hike in favor of our responsible plan that fixes our roads without raising taxes and fees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's gasoline taxes -- which in addition to the current 27.8 cent per gallon excise tax, 2.25 percent state sales tax and an 18.4 cent per gallon federal excise tax -- currently total 56.53 cents per gallon. That's the fifth-highest rate in the country, after Pennsylvania, New York, Washington state and Michigan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, part of the pinch on the state's transportation finances is due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.boe.ca.gov/sutax/strf.htm\" target=\"_blank\">a large decline\u003c/a> in the state excise tax -- from 39.5 cents in 2013-14 to the current 27.8 cents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown dismissed criticism of the revenue plan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only objection is political,\" he said. \"And I think that political objection is pretty weak.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said \"the vast majority\" of the $52 billion raised in the plan would go to existing facilities -- and he compared the situation to that of a homeowner. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What do I say to someone whose roof is leaking?\" Brown asked. \"Just let it ruin the rug? Let it ruin your nice chairs? No! You gotta fix it. This is life. As grown-ups, we know that things we build wear out and you gotta fix 'em.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another potential voice of opposition came from progressive transportation advocacy group TransForm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Stark, the group's state policy director, said he was troubled by reports that the final bill will exempt trucks from \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/11/19/air-pollution-standards-mean-truckers-must-retrofit-or-upgrade-soon/\" target=\"_blank\">clean-air regulations\u003c/a> passed by the California Air Resources Board. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those rules were passed largely to reduce particulate pollution from diesel engines near the state's biggest ports -- a form of air pollution that is linked to high rates of asthma and other respiratory and circulatory diseases in nearby communities, like West Oakland. The industry has said complying with the rules is prohibitively expensive for many individual operators. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is generally a very good package,\" Stark said. \"As an organization committed to sustainable, equitable transportation policy, it's heartening to see senior leadership take up the mantle.\" But he called the reported trucking exemption \"very concerning\" and said TransForm would stand with community groups that have fought for the air rules. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated, 5:45 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown and Democratic leaders of the state Legislature unveiled a plan Wednesday to raise $52.4 billion over the next decade to pay for a massive program of rebuilding California's highways and bridges and improving public transit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan would be paid for with a combination of revenue measures: an increase in the state's excise tax on gasoline from 28 cents to 40 cents a gallon, increased vehicle registration fees and a new $100 annual charge on emission-free vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let's be clear -- our roads suck,\" said Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon, a Los Angeles Democrat, one of those who unveiled the plan during a media event on the steps of the State Capitol. \"Our bridges are crumbling. Traffic takes time away from our families. ... Potholes take money out of our wallets. Delays cost businesses money and raise prices for consumers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was embraced by public transportation agencies, who noted that it could provide about $1 billion a year for local and regional transit agencies and $100 million annually for bicycling and pedestrian infrastructure. That infusion of dollars would come as the Trump administration is suggesting \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/trump-transportation-plan-could-derail-bay-area-transit-projects/\" target=\"_blank\">killing a major federal grant program\u003c/a> for transit. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That guarantee of new transit funding \"would have a huge impact,\" said Rebecca Saltzman, president of the BART board of directors. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Especially with the uncertainty of federal funds, this would be big for BART and all the transit agencies in the state,\" Saltzman said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new state proposal, still under development as SB 1 by state Sen. Jim Beall, D-San Jose, could also help pay for Caltrain's $2 billion electrification project. The Peninsula rail agency is awaiting word on whether the Trump administration will move forward with a $647 million grant that the U.S. Department of Transportation had approved in January, just days before President Barack Obama left office. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Guardino, CEO of the Silicon Valley Leadership Group and a member of the California Transportation Commission, said Beall's proposal would include funding for relieving congestion in \"corridors of significance\" throughout the state. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of those corridors of significance is Highway 101,\" Guardino said. \"That's not only road improvements on Highway 101, it is improvements like Caltrain electrification. We can't forget that three out of every five passengers on Caltrain are choice riders -- they own cars, but they're choosing to get out of their own cars and ride Caltrain, taking traffic off 101, 280 and all those surface streets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch4>State Transportation and Infrastructure Plan: Some Fine Print\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>The plan unveiled Wednesday by Gov. Jerry Brown and Democratic leaders of the Legislature would raise $52.4 billion over 10 years. Key provisions include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Funds for local streets and transportation infrastructure (50 percent):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$15 billion in \"Fix-It-First\" local road repairs, including fixing potholes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$7.5 billion to improve local public transportation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2 billion to support local \"self-help\" communities that are making their own investments in transportation improvements.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1 billion to improve infrastructure that promotes walking and bicycling.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$825 million for the State Transportation Improvement Program local contribution.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$250 million in local transportation planning grants.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Funds for state highways and transportation infrastructure (50 percent):\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$15 billion in \"Fix-it-First\" highway repairs, including smoother pavement.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$4 billion in bridge and culvert repairs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$3 billion to improve trade corridors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$2.5 billion to reduce congestion on major commute corridors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.4 billion in other transportation investments, including $275 million for highway and intercity-transit improvements.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accountability measures:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Constitutional amendment to prohibit spending the funds on anything but transportation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Inspector General to ensure Caltrans and any entities receiving state transportation funds spend taxpayer dollars efficiently, effectively and in compliance with state and federal requirements.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provision that empowers the California Transportation Commission to hold state and local government accountable for making the transportation improvements they commit to delivering.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Authorization for the California Transportation Commission to review and allocate Caltrans funding and staffing for highway maintenance to ensure those levels are reasonable and responsible.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Authorization for Caltrans to complete earlier mitigation of environmental impacts from construction, a policy that will reduce costs and delays while protecting natural resources.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Where the revenue will come from:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>$7.3 billion by increasing diesel excise tax 20 cents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$3.5 billion by increasing diesel sales tax to 5.75 percent.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$24.4 billion by increasing gasoline excise tax 12 cents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$16.3 billion from an annual transportation improvement fee based on a vehicle's value.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$200 million from an annual $100 zero emission vehicle fee commencing in 2020.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$706 million in general fund loan repayments.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003csmall>Source: \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19727\" target=\"_blank\">Office of Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/a>\u003c/small>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Brown argued during Wednesday's announcement that the revenue plan, to be backed up by a state constitutional amendment that would require proceeds from revenue measures to be spent on transportation projects, would ensure that the state takes care of its infrastructure needs on a pay-as-you-go basis. Backers say the plan would cost most drivers less than $10 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan would require a two-thirds vote in both the Assembly and Senate. That's a goal that's within reach for Democrats, who hold supermajorities in both houses. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the proposal, coming after years of party-line disagreement over how much the state ought to spend to pay for its estimated $59 billion in deferred highway infrastructure maintenance and how the investment should be paid for, drew an immediate \"no\" vote from Republicans in the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they have throughout years of negotiations, GOP legislators said that California drivers are paying high gasoline taxes and that the state brings in enough revenue to pay for needed infrastructure fixes and upgrades without increasing levies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our state has become increasingly unaffordable for ordinary Californians,\" a joint statement from GOP lawmakers said. \"We can fix our roads and bridges by simply ensuring that the billions of dollars that drivers are already paying in transportation fees and taxes are actually used for transportation purposes, rather than being swept into the state’s general fund. We strongly urge the Legislature to reject this historic tax hike in favor of our responsible plan that fixes our roads without raising taxes and fees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's gasoline taxes -- which in addition to the current 27.8 cent per gallon excise tax, 2.25 percent state sales tax and an 18.4 cent per gallon federal excise tax -- currently total 56.53 cents per gallon. That's the fifth-highest rate in the country, after Pennsylvania, New York, Washington state and Michigan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, part of the pinch on the state's transportation finances is due to \u003ca href=\"https://www.boe.ca.gov/sutax/strf.htm\" target=\"_blank\">a large decline\u003c/a> in the state excise tax -- from 39.5 cents in 2013-14 to the current 27.8 cents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown dismissed criticism of the revenue plan. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only objection is political,\" he said. \"And I think that political objection is pretty weak.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said \"the vast majority\" of the $52 billion raised in the plan would go to existing facilities -- and he compared the situation to that of a homeowner. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What do I say to someone whose roof is leaking?\" Brown asked. \"Just let it ruin the rug? Let it ruin your nice chairs? No! You gotta fix it. This is life. As grown-ups, we know that things we build wear out and you gotta fix 'em.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another potential voice of opposition came from progressive transportation advocacy group TransForm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Stark, the group's state policy director, said he was troubled by reports that the final bill will exempt trucks from \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/11/19/air-pollution-standards-mean-truckers-must-retrofit-or-upgrade-soon/\" target=\"_blank\">clean-air regulations\u003c/a> passed by the California Air Resources Board. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those rules were passed largely to reduce particulate pollution from diesel engines near the state's biggest ports -- a form of air pollution that is linked to high rates of asthma and other respiratory and circulatory diseases in nearby communities, like West Oakland. The industry has said complying with the rules is prohibitively expensive for many individual operators. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is generally a very good package,\" Stark said. \"As an organization committed to sustainable, equitable transportation policy, it's heartening to see senior leadership take up the mantle.\" But he called the reported trucking exemption \"very concerning\" and said TransForm would stand with community groups that have fought for the air rules. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "As Feds Seek More Beds to Lock Up Deportable Immigrants, California May Try to Thwart Them",
"title": "As Feds Seek More Beds to Lock Up Deportable Immigrants, California May Try to Thwart Them",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Trash-strewn cells, moldy showers, broken telephones, excessive use of solitary confinement, and \"slimy, foul-smelling lunch meat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the conditions that detainees face inside one of Southern California’s largest immigration detention facilities, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/assets/Mga/OIG-mga-030617.pdf\">report\u003c/a> this month by federal inspectors who visited the Theo Lacy Facility, an 11-acre jail complex run by the Orange County Sheriff’s Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past seven years, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has been renting bed space there. The county sheriff’s office collects roughly $30 million annually for leasing out the high-security real estate, and in exchange, ICE gets bunk space for roughly 480 of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/11/10/statement-secretary-johnson-southwest-border-security\">more than\u003c/a> 40,000 undocumented immigrants nationwide that the agency has been keeping behind bars on any given day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract is an arrangement of convenience for a county in need of revenue and a federal government in need of jail beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county disputes the critical inspection report from the Homeland Security Department’s Office of Inspector General. Sheriff Sandra Hutchens says that while “some legitimate issues were identified ... and were quickly addressed,” many of the inspection’s findings were inaccurate, as was the subsequent “sensational” media coverage which provided “a misleading ‘Shawshank-like’ picture of Orange County jail facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the news comes at a bad time for the Orange County Sheriff’s Department -- and for all defenders of business-as-usual across the patchwork of county jails, city lockups and privately-owned facilities across California that make up the state’s immigration detention system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ImmigrantLockup]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For state Sen. Ricardo Lara -- whose immigration detention reform bill won the Legislature’s approval last year only to be vetoed by Gov. Jerry Brown -- the inspection report provides a well-timed “I told you so.” And so Lara, a Democrat from Bell Gardens, is back again this session with \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB29\">Senate Bill 29\u003c/a>, which would set new rules for immigration detention facilities and would ban local governments from contracting with private prison companies to detain immigrants. On Tuesday, it cleared the Senate Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the state already regulates all detention facilities in California, Lara and other supporters of the bill argue that the national detention standards articulated in every ICE detention contract are not being followed. This bill would not require the Board of State and Community Corrections, the agency that regulates California prisons and jails, to conduct additional inspections or adopt new rules. Instead, the bill aims to keep immigration facilities in line by allowing both current and former detainees and the state attorney general to sue any facilities that violate these standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"WAXNLGIgrCPnb7EzVRZli4SSfrAvR3jB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bill also has sharp detractors among law enforcement agencies and many Republicans, who believe that claims of mismanaged detention facilities are overblown. They also argue that the state shouldn’t interfere with local law enforcement decisions, and that Lara’s bill could have unintended, harmful consequences for local budgets -- and even for the detainees themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sacramento thinks it’s so smart and has to mandate things to everybody,” says GOP state Sen. John Moorlach, who represents Orange County and used to chair its board of supervisors. “I don’t think that’s good policy in this case, and I think being uncooperative with a federal agency is arrogance at its highest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate fate of Lara’s bill may rest again on the governor. With his first veto, Brown wrote that although he was troubled by reports of conditions at privately run facilities, he wanted to wait for a “more permanent solution” from the federal government. (The Obama administration had announced plans to phase out contracts between the U.S. Bureau of Prisons and private prison corporations, and to reconsider its use of private immigration detention facilities. The Trump administration is moving in the opposite direction.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11382109\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-800x544.jpg\" alt=\"An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at the Adelanto Detention Facility. The facility is owned by the for-profit GEO Group, which also pays contract fees to the city of Adelanto for every immigrant detained there.\" width=\"800\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-800x544.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-1020x693.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-1180x802.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-960x653.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-375x255.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-520x353.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at the Adelanto Detention Facility. The facility is owned by the for-profit GEO Group, which also pays contract fees to the city of Adelanto for every immigrant detained there. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although the U.S. immigration detention program is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/odpp/pdf/ice-detention-rpt.pdf\">largest\u003c/a> single incarceration system in the country, its facilities are often leased. Of the 10 long-term immigration detention facilities in California, none are federally owned: five are county jails, one is a city facility, and the remaining four are owned and operated by for-profit companies. Using data from public records requests and publicly available documents, interviews and site visits, the immigration rights group Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement \u003ca href=\"http://www.endisolation.org/DignityNotDetentionAct\">estimates\u003c/a> that privately run jails make up 75 percent of all the bed space across California’s long-term immigration detention system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those incarcerated in this system have past criminal records, but immigration violations themselves are civil rather than criminal matters -- and so detainees in immigration court are entitled to court-appointed legal counsel. Awaiting their hearings or deportation, detainees may spend weeks, months, or in rare cases years, in custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With President Trump making aggressive immigration enforcement a cornerstone of his presidency, ICE will probably need all the beds it can get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since his election, the stock prices of GEO Group and CoreCivic, the country’s two largest private prison and immigration detention operators, have increased by 87 percent and 125 percent, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there’s going to be a spike in detention in a relatively short period of time, recent history shows that the only way the government can actually detain those people is if private prisons provide the beds,” says Anita Sinha, an assistant professor of immigration and civil rights law at American University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not in California, if SB 29 prevails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"q0cRCSbsTTiFtOjFXTeAga3UDcrj5VPg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For-profit facilities are inherently problematic because they are incentivized to hold as many people as possible with the lowest standards in the cheapest manner allowed by law in order to maximize profits,” Lara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would not interfere with existing contracts -- nor with arrangements like the one between ICE and CoreCivic, which owns and operates the Otay Mesa facility in San Diego. But for the handful of California towns that act as middleman between ICE and private detention companies, SB 29 would mean the end of a potentially important source of revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than any other locality in the state, this describes Adelanto. Straddling a two-lane freight route 45 miles north of San Bernardino, the town used to be known for orchards and an Air Force base. Now the local industry is incarceration. Adelanto hosts three jails and prisons, with two more in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the existing lockups is the privately operated Adelanto Detention Facility, which exclusively houses ICE detainees and is the largest immigration detention center in the state. Though it’s owned by GEO Group, which purchased the facility from the city for $28 million in 2011, the City of Adelanto still holds the ICE contract and \u003ca href=\"http://adelanto.ca.us/downloads/Agendas/CityCouncil/2016/CC29June2016.pdf\">receives\u003c/a> $1 per day per bed in “mitigation fees.” That puts a little under $1 million per year toward a $40 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.adelanto.ca.us/vertical/sites/%7BB5D4A1FE-8A01-4BEF-B964-5A44B9339C72%7D/uploads/Budget_Package_FY_16-17_Ratified_7-13-16.pdf\">budget\u003c/a>. Between that facility and a nearby private jail, GEO Group hires roughly 100 locals in a city with a population of roughly 30,000 and a poverty rate of 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the facility has been a focal point of \u003ca href=\"http://www.endisolation.org/Adelanto\">protest\u003c/a> for immigrant rights activists. Since the Adelanto facility re-opened under GEO ownership in 2011, four ICE detainees in its custody have died, including a Nicaraguan immigrant who \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-ice-custody-death-20170328-story.html\">died\u003c/a> this week in what authorities said was a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-detainee-passes-away-victorville-medical-center\">suicide\u003c/a>. After the death of Raul Ernesto Morales-Ramos in 2015, who died after surgery for colon cancer that went undiagnosed for much of his time behind bars, a federal investigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/FOIA/2016/ddr-morales.pdf\">censured\u003c/a> the facility for shoddy record keeping, months-long delays in medical care, and medical personnel with minimal expertise and unsuitable training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ben Christopher is a contributing writer to CALmatters.org, a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Trash-strewn cells, moldy showers, broken telephones, excessive use of solitary confinement, and \"slimy, foul-smelling lunch meat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are the conditions that detainees face inside one of Southern California’s largest immigration detention facilities, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.oig.dhs.gov/assets/Mga/OIG-mga-030617.pdf\">report\u003c/a> this month by federal inspectors who visited the Theo Lacy Facility, an 11-acre jail complex run by the Orange County Sheriff’s Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the past seven years, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) has been renting bed space there. The county sheriff’s office collects roughly $30 million annually for leasing out the high-security real estate, and in exchange, ICE gets bunk space for roughly 480 of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/11/10/statement-secretary-johnson-southwest-border-security\">more than\u003c/a> 40,000 undocumented immigrants nationwide that the agency has been keeping behind bars on any given day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract is an arrangement of convenience for a county in need of revenue and a federal government in need of jail beds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county disputes the critical inspection report from the Homeland Security Department’s Office of Inspector General. Sheriff Sandra Hutchens says that while “some legitimate issues were identified ... and were quickly addressed,” many of the inspection’s findings were inaccurate, as was the subsequent “sensational” media coverage which provided “a misleading ‘Shawshank-like’ picture of Orange County jail facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless, the news comes at a bad time for the Orange County Sheriff’s Department -- and for all defenders of business-as-usual across the patchwork of county jails, city lockups and privately-owned facilities across California that make up the state’s immigration detention system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ImmigrantLockup]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For state Sen. Ricardo Lara -- whose immigration detention reform bill won the Legislature’s approval last year only to be vetoed by Gov. Jerry Brown -- the inspection report provides a well-timed “I told you so.” And so Lara, a Democrat from Bell Gardens, is back again this session with \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB29\">Senate Bill 29\u003c/a>, which would set new rules for immigration detention facilities and would ban local governments from contracting with private prison companies to detain immigrants. On Tuesday, it cleared the Senate Judiciary Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the state already regulates all detention facilities in California, Lara and other supporters of the bill argue that the national detention standards articulated in every ICE detention contract are not being followed. This bill would not require the Board of State and Community Corrections, the agency that regulates California prisons and jails, to conduct additional inspections or adopt new rules. Instead, the bill aims to keep immigration facilities in line by allowing both current and former detainees and the state attorney general to sue any facilities that violate these standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bill also has sharp detractors among law enforcement agencies and many Republicans, who believe that claims of mismanaged detention facilities are overblown. They also argue that the state shouldn’t interfere with local law enforcement decisions, and that Lara’s bill could have unintended, harmful consequences for local budgets -- and even for the detainees themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sacramento thinks it’s so smart and has to mandate things to everybody,” says GOP state Sen. John Moorlach, who represents Orange County and used to chair its board of supervisors. “I don’t think that’s good policy in this case, and I think being uncooperative with a federal agency is arrogance at its highest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ultimate fate of Lara’s bill may rest again on the governor. With his first veto, Brown wrote that although he was troubled by reports of conditions at privately run facilities, he wanted to wait for a “more permanent solution” from the federal government. (The Obama administration had announced plans to phase out contracts between the U.S. Bureau of Prisons and private prison corporations, and to reconsider its use of private immigration detention facilities. The Trump administration is moving in the opposite direction.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382109\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11382109\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-800x544.jpg\" alt=\"An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at the Adelanto Detention Facility. The facility is owned by the for-profit GEO Group, which also pays contract fees to the city of Adelanto for every immigrant detained there.\" width=\"800\" height=\"544\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-800x544.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-1020x693.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-1180x802.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-960x653.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-375x255.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/AdelantoDetainee-520x353.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An immigrant detainee looks out from his 'segregation cell' at the Adelanto Detention Facility. The facility is owned by the for-profit GEO Group, which also pays contract fees to the city of Adelanto for every immigrant detained there. \u003ccite>(John Moore/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although the U.S. immigration detention program is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/about/offices/odpp/pdf/ice-detention-rpt.pdf\">largest\u003c/a> single incarceration system in the country, its facilities are often leased. Of the 10 long-term immigration detention facilities in California, none are federally owned: five are county jails, one is a city facility, and the remaining four are owned and operated by for-profit companies. Using data from public records requests and publicly available documents, interviews and site visits, the immigration rights group Community Initiatives for Visiting Immigrants in Confinement \u003ca href=\"http://www.endisolation.org/DignityNotDetentionAct\">estimates\u003c/a> that privately run jails make up 75 percent of all the bed space across California’s long-term immigration detention system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those incarcerated in this system have past criminal records, but immigration violations themselves are civil rather than criminal matters -- and so detainees in immigration court are entitled to court-appointed legal counsel. Awaiting their hearings or deportation, detainees may spend weeks, months, or in rare cases years, in custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With President Trump making aggressive immigration enforcement a cornerstone of his presidency, ICE will probably need all the beds it can get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since his election, the stock prices of GEO Group and CoreCivic, the country’s two largest private prison and immigration detention operators, have increased by 87 percent and 125 percent, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there’s going to be a spike in detention in a relatively short period of time, recent history shows that the only way the government can actually detain those people is if private prisons provide the beds,” says Anita Sinha, an assistant professor of immigration and civil rights law at American University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not in California, if SB 29 prevails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For-profit facilities are inherently problematic because they are incentivized to hold as many people as possible with the lowest standards in the cheapest manner allowed by law in order to maximize profits,” Lara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would not interfere with existing contracts -- nor with arrangements like the one between ICE and CoreCivic, which owns and operates the Otay Mesa facility in San Diego. But for the handful of California towns that act as middleman between ICE and private detention companies, SB 29 would mean the end of a potentially important source of revenue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than any other locality in the state, this describes Adelanto. Straddling a two-lane freight route 45 miles north of San Bernardino, the town used to be known for orchards and an Air Force base. Now the local industry is incarceration. Adelanto hosts three jails and prisons, with two more in the works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the existing lockups is the privately operated Adelanto Detention Facility, which exclusively houses ICE detainees and is the largest immigration detention center in the state. Though it’s owned by GEO Group, which purchased the facility from the city for $28 million in 2011, the City of Adelanto still holds the ICE contract and \u003ca href=\"http://adelanto.ca.us/downloads/Agendas/CityCouncil/2016/CC29June2016.pdf\">receives\u003c/a> $1 per day per bed in “mitigation fees.” That puts a little under $1 million per year toward a $40 million \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.adelanto.ca.us/vertical/sites/%7BB5D4A1FE-8A01-4BEF-B964-5A44B9339C72%7D/uploads/Budget_Package_FY_16-17_Ratified_7-13-16.pdf\">budget\u003c/a>. Between that facility and a nearby private jail, GEO Group hires roughly 100 locals in a city with a population of roughly 30,000 and a poverty rate of 40 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the facility has been a focal point of \u003ca href=\"http://www.endisolation.org/Adelanto\">protest\u003c/a> for immigrant rights activists. Since the Adelanto facility re-opened under GEO ownership in 2011, four ICE detainees in its custody have died, including a Nicaraguan immigrant who \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-ice-custody-death-20170328-story.html\">died\u003c/a> this week in what authorities said was a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-detainee-passes-away-victorville-medical-center\">suicide\u003c/a>. After the death of Raul Ernesto Morales-Ramos in 2015, who died after surgery for colon cancer that went undiagnosed for much of his time behind bars, a federal investigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/sites/default/files/documents/FOIA/2016/ddr-morales.pdf\">censured\u003c/a> the facility for shoddy record keeping, months-long delays in medical care, and medical personnel with minimal expertise and unsuitable training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
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"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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},
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
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