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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:18 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Intelligence Chairman Devin Nunes says he is temporarily stepping aside from the committee's probe into Russian meddling in the 2016 election, as the House Ethics Committee opens an inquiry into whether he improperly disclosed classified information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes will continue to serve as the committee's chairman and remain involved in other matters before the panel. Rep. Mike Conaway, R-Texas, will take the lead on the Russia investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allegations that Nunes mishandled classified information center on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/22/521133929/house-intel-chair-trump-aides-swept-up-in-legal-u-s-surveillance\">controversial press conference late last month\u003c/a>, when he described intelligence that he says showed routine, legal surveillance of foreign individuals accidentally picked up conversations with or about associates of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dg5Ir8sCaeXy9WjogpGIsIWwLTWtEm4O\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that disclosure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.democracy21.org/homepage/ethics-watchdogs-request-oce-inquiry-into-whether-rep-nunes-violated-house-ethics-rules/\">several\u003c/a> watchdog and activist organizations \u003ca href=\"https://front.moveon.org/nunes-ethics-complaint/#.WOZXQFPytTY\">filed \u003c/a>complaints with the Office of Congressional Ethics asking for an investigation into whether Nunes violated House rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes calls the accusations against him \"entirely false\" and said they were filed by \"left-wing activist groups.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Congressional Ethics, or OCE, would not comment on whether it was pursing an investigation. But the House Ethics Committee — a more powerful ethics group — said in a statement it was opening a review of Nunes' actions. The committee only considers complaints filed or endorsed by House members and can recommend punishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Ethics Committee did not mention the complaints to the OCE in its statement. Instead, it said it is aware of \"public accusations\" that Nunes \"may have made unauthorized disclosures of classified information, in violation of House Rules, law, regulations, or other standards of conduct.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes said that it was in the intelligence committee's best interests for him to hand over leadership of the probe to Conaway during the ethics panel's inquiry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The allegations that Nunes mishandled classified data were prompted by his unusual press conference describing intelligence documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Intelligence Committee (along with other groups) is looking into Russian meddling in the election. They're also examining possible coordination between the Trump campaign and Russia. And they're asking how classified information about ties between Trump associates and Russia became public — looking into leaks, basically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"u8erMcEHnRohOjAIOtSMqiVHSTyEYBdb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early March, President Trump accused former President Barack Obama of \"wiretapping\" Trump Tower during the campaign. No evidence has ever supported this claim, which has been denounced at the highest levels of the intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russia investigation intersected with the president's claims on March 22, when Nunes gave that press conference and said he had seen classified data showing \"incidental collection\" of Trump associates during the transition. That's not the same as wiretapping, and would not support Trump's claims, but the president claimed it supported his allegation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident cast a cloud over the committee's investigation, and over Nunes in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was widespread criticism from both parties. His sources were challenged: He went to the White House grounds to view the classified information, and some outlets have reported that his sources \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/us/politics/devin-nunes-intelligence-reports.html\">were White House officials\u003c/a>. There was outcry over how he briefed the president and the press, but did not share the data with his colleagues on the committee. There was concern that the presser showed Nunes was too entangled with Trump to properly investigate the Trump campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there were concerns that his public comments about classified data may have been illegal or unethical — in short, may have constituted the same kind of leak Republicans on the House Intelligence Committee had been loudly denouncing. It's those questions that appear to have prompted the ethics review and Nunes' departure from the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House spokesman told reporters Thursday that, as far as the Trump administration was concerned, \"This is an internal matter for the House.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Peter Overby contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=House+Intelligence+Chairman+Devin+Nunes+To+Step+Aside+From+Russia+Probe+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:18 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Intelligence Chairman Devin Nunes says he is temporarily stepping aside from the committee's probe into Russian meddling in the 2016 election, as the House Ethics Committee opens an inquiry into whether he improperly disclosed classified information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes will continue to serve as the committee's chairman and remain involved in other matters before the panel. Rep. Mike Conaway, R-Texas, will take the lead on the Russia investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allegations that Nunes mishandled classified information center on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/22/521133929/house-intel-chair-trump-aides-swept-up-in-legal-u-s-surveillance\">controversial press conference late last month\u003c/a>, when he described intelligence that he says showed routine, legal surveillance of foreign individuals accidentally picked up conversations with or about associates of President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After that disclosure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.democracy21.org/homepage/ethics-watchdogs-request-oce-inquiry-into-whether-rep-nunes-violated-house-ethics-rules/\">several\u003c/a> watchdog and activist organizations \u003ca href=\"https://front.moveon.org/nunes-ethics-complaint/#.WOZXQFPytTY\">filed \u003c/a>complaints with the Office of Congressional Ethics asking for an investigation into whether Nunes violated House rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes calls the accusations against him \"entirely false\" and said they were filed by \"left-wing activist groups.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Office of Congressional Ethics, or OCE, would not comment on whether it was pursing an investigation. But the House Ethics Committee — a more powerful ethics group — said in a statement it was opening a review of Nunes' actions. The committee only considers complaints filed or endorsed by House members and can recommend punishments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Ethics Committee did not mention the complaints to the OCE in its statement. Instead, it said it is aware of \"public accusations\" that Nunes \"may have made unauthorized disclosures of classified information, in violation of House Rules, law, regulations, or other standards of conduct.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nunes said that it was in the intelligence committee's best interests for him to hand over leadership of the probe to Conaway during the ethics panel's inquiry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The allegations that Nunes mishandled classified data were prompted by his unusual press conference describing intelligence documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House Intelligence Committee (along with other groups) is looking into Russian meddling in the election. They're also examining possible coordination between the Trump campaign and Russia. And they're asking how classified information about ties between Trump associates and Russia became public — looking into leaks, basically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early March, President Trump accused former President Barack Obama of \"wiretapping\" Trump Tower during the campaign. No evidence has ever supported this claim, which has been denounced at the highest levels of the intelligence community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Russia investigation intersected with the president's claims on March 22, when Nunes gave that press conference and said he had seen classified data showing \"incidental collection\" of Trump associates during the transition. That's not the same as wiretapping, and would not support Trump's claims, but the president claimed it supported his allegation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incident cast a cloud over the committee's investigation, and over Nunes in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was widespread criticism from both parties. His sources were challenged: He went to the White House grounds to view the classified information, and some outlets have reported that his sources \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/30/us/politics/devin-nunes-intelligence-reports.html\">were White House officials\u003c/a>. There was outcry over how he briefed the president and the press, but did not share the data with his colleagues on the committee. There was concern that the presser showed Nunes was too entangled with Trump to properly investigate the Trump campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there were concerns that his public comments about classified data may have been illegal or unethical — in short, may have constituted the same kind of leak Republicans on the House Intelligence Committee had been loudly denouncing. It's those questions that appear to have prompted the ethics review and Nunes' departure from the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A White House spokesman told reporters Thursday that, as far as the Trump administration was concerned, \"This is an internal matter for the House.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Peter Overby contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=House+Intelligence+Chairman+Devin+Nunes+To+Step+Aside+From+Russia+Probe+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This is how the Senate changes — not with a bang, but with a motion to overturn the ruling of the chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By a simple majority vote, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., set a new precedent in the Senate that will ease the confirmation for President Trump's Supreme Court nominee Neil Gorsuch on Friday, after 30 more hours of debate on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will be the first, and last, partisan filibuster of a Supreme Court justice,\" said McConnell in a closing floor speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Democrats voted against ending debate on Gorsuch's nomination on a near party-line vote, leaving Republicans shy the 60-vote hurdle required by Senate rules to move on to a final confirmation vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats opposed Gorsuch for a variety of reasons, including his conservative judicial philosophy, dissatisfaction with his answers during his confirmation hearings and a simmering resentment toward McConnell's decision to block any consideration of President Obama's nominee, Merrick Garland, last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that what Republicans did to Merrick Garland was worse than a filibuster,\" said Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer, D-N.Y.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So McConnell then, as promised, used the power of his position and with all of his GOP colleagues lined up behind him, to essentially change the rules of the Senate — to lower that threshold on Supreme Court nominations to end debate from 60 to 51 votes. The change did not affect the legislative filibuster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell made a point of order that ending debate on the nomination only requires a simple majority. The motion was not sustained by the chair because Senate rules required 60 votes, so McConnell then made a motion to overturn that ruling. And once that motion passed on a party-line vote, the Gorsuch nomination only needed 51 votes to clear the hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That mild-sounding parliamentary maneuver has the most destructive nickname, \"the nuclear option,\" because it contains sweeping impact on the Senate, President Trump and all of his successors — and the nation as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By essentially eliminating the filibuster for Supreme Court nominees — an extension of the 2013 nuclear option triggered by then-Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., for all lower court and executive branch nominees — all presidential nominees will now face a far easier path navigating through the Senate confirmation process. It also could make it easier for presidents to appoint more overtly partisan justices to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change will also test the character of the Senate and the people who serve in it, and lay bare whether the upper chamber is slowly lurching toward becoming more like the majority-driven and reactionary House of Representatives, where the minority party has little substantive role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of easing the filibuster warn that the next and likely step is to eliminate the legislative filibuster, which allows any one senator to hold up a piece of legislation and requires a 60-vote threshold to break the logjam and move such a bill forward. Critics of the filibuster say the maneuver is abused and used so regularly that it has rendered the Senate incapable of acting on even routine legislative matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filibuster and the rights it gives to individual senators and the minority party are reasons why the Senate has long considered itself \"the greatest deliberative body in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the use of filibusters and the polarization between the two parties have dramatically increased in the past two decades, making it harder and harder for the Senate to reach bipartisan consensus even on matters like the annual 12 spending bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of McConnell's move Thursday is a matter of heated debate, and its long-term effects are unpredictable. Advocates of changing the Senate rules on filibusters say it may be a necessary evolution for a polarized Congress to function in the modern era, while opponents say it threatens to send the nation further down a path where the two parties are so opposed that bipartisanship and centrism are relics of another era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today's vote is a cautionary tale about how unbridled partisan escalation can ultimately overwhelm our basic inclination to work together, and frustrate our efforts to pull back, blocking us from steering the ship of the Senate away from the rocks,\" Schumer said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This is how the Senate changes — not with a bang, but with a motion to overturn the ruling of the chair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By a simple majority vote, Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., set a new precedent in the Senate that will ease the confirmation for President Trump's Supreme Court nominee Neil Gorsuch on Friday, after 30 more hours of debate on the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This will be the first, and last, partisan filibuster of a Supreme Court justice,\" said McConnell in a closing floor speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Democrats voted against ending debate on Gorsuch's nomination on a near party-line vote, leaving Republicans shy the 60-vote hurdle required by Senate rules to move on to a final confirmation vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats opposed Gorsuch for a variety of reasons, including his conservative judicial philosophy, dissatisfaction with his answers during his confirmation hearings and a simmering resentment toward McConnell's decision to block any consideration of President Obama's nominee, Merrick Garland, last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe that what Republicans did to Merrick Garland was worse than a filibuster,\" said Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer, D-N.Y.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So McConnell then, as promised, used the power of his position and with all of his GOP colleagues lined up behind him, to essentially change the rules of the Senate — to lower that threshold on Supreme Court nominations to end debate from 60 to 51 votes. The change did not affect the legislative filibuster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McConnell made a point of order that ending debate on the nomination only requires a simple majority. The motion was not sustained by the chair because Senate rules required 60 votes, so McConnell then made a motion to overturn that ruling. And once that motion passed on a party-line vote, the Gorsuch nomination only needed 51 votes to clear the hurdle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That mild-sounding parliamentary maneuver has the most destructive nickname, \"the nuclear option,\" because it contains sweeping impact on the Senate, President Trump and all of his successors — and the nation as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By essentially eliminating the filibuster for Supreme Court nominees — an extension of the 2013 nuclear option triggered by then-Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., for all lower court and executive branch nominees — all presidential nominees will now face a far easier path navigating through the Senate confirmation process. It also could make it easier for presidents to appoint more overtly partisan justices to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change will also test the character of the Senate and the people who serve in it, and lay bare whether the upper chamber is slowly lurching toward becoming more like the majority-driven and reactionary House of Representatives, where the minority party has little substantive role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of easing the filibuster warn that the next and likely step is to eliminate the legislative filibuster, which allows any one senator to hold up a piece of legislation and requires a 60-vote threshold to break the logjam and move such a bill forward. Critics of the filibuster say the maneuver is abused and used so regularly that it has rendered the Senate incapable of acting on even routine legislative matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filibuster and the rights it gives to individual senators and the minority party are reasons why the Senate has long considered itself \"the greatest deliberative body in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the use of filibusters and the polarization between the two parties have dramatically increased in the past two decades, making it harder and harder for the Senate to reach bipartisan consensus even on matters like the annual 12 spending bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact of McConnell's move Thursday is a matter of heated debate, and its long-term effects are unpredictable. Advocates of changing the Senate rules on filibusters say it may be a necessary evolution for a polarized Congress to function in the modern era, while opponents say it threatens to send the nation further down a path where the two parties are so opposed that bipartisanship and centrism are relics of another era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today's vote is a cautionary tale about how unbridled partisan escalation can ultimately overwhelm our basic inclination to work together, and frustrate our efforts to pull back, blocking us from steering the ship of the Senate away from the rocks,\" Schumer said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trust the Media? Republicans, Dems 'Living in Alternate Universes'",
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"content": "\u003cp>In this age of \"fake news\" and \"alternative facts,\" it stands to reason that Republicans and Democrats view the news media differently, but a new\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3537017-IGS-Poll-Media.html\" target=\"_blank\"> poll \u003c/a>from \u003ca href=\"https://igs.berkeley.edu/research/berkeley-igs-poll\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeley IGS\u003c/a> shows just how large the chasm is among California voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Republicans and Democrats seem to be living in alternate universes,\" said poll director Mark DiCamillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing very huge -- 40- to 50-point differences -- between how Democrats and Republicans view the news media. It used to be you’d only get those kinds of differences on political campaigns involving Democrats versus Republicans or very partisan issues. Now it seems to be permeating the entire gamut of issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the survey of 1,000 California registered voters, 79 percent of Republicans have little or no faith in how journalists cover the news, while 84 percent think coverage of President Trump has been \"too critical.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's a long-term problem for the country. I do think it poses threats to the health of the democracy.'\u003ccite>Mark DiCamillo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That's a stark contrast with Democrats, with 75 percent saying they have a great deal or a fair amount of trust in the media. Fully 62 percent think the media have not been critical enough of the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The entire last election cycle and now the first 100 days of the Trump administration have created a situation of hyper-partisanship,\" DiCamillo said. \"Most of the opinions we’re obtaining now on whatever issue we're covering seem to have a very partisan tinge to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans are also less confident than Democrats that they can discern whether political reports are reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course the media landscape is far more diverse today, with everything from the New York Times and Wall Street Journal to blog posts, social media and BuzzFeed. So when you ask someone whether they trust the media, it's not entirely clear \u003cem>which\u003c/em> media they mean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to get their views on the entire mass media, all the information they're getting about the larger world,\" DiCamillo said. \"It's likely that the internet is contributing to this hyperpartisan perspective because now you can have various sites that are tailoring to one political perspective or another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's nothing new for presidents, Democrat \u003cem>and\u003c/em> Republican, to complain about media coverage. But the Berkeley IGS survey comes as President Trump continues a kind of war against journalists, calling them among other things \"enemies of the people.\" On Wednesday the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-ed-trumps-war-on-journalism/\" target=\"_blank\">editorialized\u003c/a> about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollster DiCamillo says it doesn't bode well for the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a long-term problem for the country,\" DiCamillo said. \"I do think it poses threats to the health of the democracy.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In our age of 'fake news,' how differently do Republicans and Democrats see the media? A new poll reveals a gaping chasm among California voters.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In this age of \"fake news\" and \"alternative facts,\" it stands to reason that Republicans and Democrats view the news media differently, but a new\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3537017-IGS-Poll-Media.html\" target=\"_blank\"> poll \u003c/a>from \u003ca href=\"https://igs.berkeley.edu/research/berkeley-igs-poll\" target=\"_blank\">Berkeley IGS\u003c/a> shows just how large the chasm is among California voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Republicans and Democrats seem to be living in alternate universes,\" said poll director Mark DiCamillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing very huge -- 40- to 50-point differences -- between how Democrats and Republicans view the news media. It used to be you’d only get those kinds of differences on political campaigns involving Democrats versus Republicans or very partisan issues. Now it seems to be permeating the entire gamut of issues.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the survey of 1,000 California registered voters, 79 percent of Republicans have little or no faith in how journalists cover the news, while 84 percent think coverage of President Trump has been \"too critical.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's a long-term problem for the country. I do think it poses threats to the health of the democracy.'\u003ccite>Mark DiCamillo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That's a stark contrast with Democrats, with 75 percent saying they have a great deal or a fair amount of trust in the media. Fully 62 percent think the media have not been critical enough of the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The entire last election cycle and now the first 100 days of the Trump administration have created a situation of hyper-partisanship,\" DiCamillo said. \"Most of the opinions we’re obtaining now on whatever issue we're covering seem to have a very partisan tinge to them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans are also less confident than Democrats that they can discern whether political reports are reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course the media landscape is far more diverse today, with everything from the New York Times and Wall Street Journal to blog posts, social media and BuzzFeed. So when you ask someone whether they trust the media, it's not entirely clear \u003cem>which\u003c/em> media they mean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to get their views on the entire mass media, all the information they're getting about the larger world,\" DiCamillo said. \"It's likely that the internet is contributing to this hyperpartisan perspective because now you can have various sites that are tailoring to one political perspective or another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's nothing new for presidents, Democrat \u003cem>and\u003c/em> Republican, to complain about media coverage. But the Berkeley IGS survey comes as President Trump continues a kind of war against journalists, calling them among other things \"enemies of the people.\" On Wednesday the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/projects/la-ed-trumps-war-on-journalism/\" target=\"_blank\">editorialized\u003c/a> about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollster DiCamillo says it doesn't bode well for the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a long-term problem for the country,\" DiCamillo said. \"I do think it poses threats to the health of the democracy.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "These Colorful Dots Are For Your Health",
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"content": "\u003cp>You know when you first notice something, and then you can’t ever “unnotice” it? A year ago that happened to Zak Brazen when he noticed a pattern in several local communities. He asked \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Why are there colorful dots above the drainage system? And who puts them there?”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dots are located above storm drains around the Bay Area, usually on curbs. They’re spray-painted layer upon colorful layer and look like a work of abstract art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Zak, they seem like they’re painted intentionally, and reminded him of the clusters of colorful thread he once saw in the back alleys of cities in Morocco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382268\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 453px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11382268 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot.jpg\" alt=\"These colorful bundles of thread can be found on the walls of back alleys in Morocco in cities like Marrakesh and Fez.\" width=\"453\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot.jpg 453w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot-160x203.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot-240x305.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot-375x476.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These colorful bundles of thread can be found on the walls of back alleys in Morocco in cities like Marrakech and Fez. \u003ccite>(Zak Brazen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So what’s the deal with the dots?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Public Health War\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The dots are part of a war against one of man’s greatest enemies, an enemy that kills several million people each year — the mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mosquitoes are naturally present in our environment here in California,” says Dr. Cora Hoover, director of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention for the San Francisco Department of Public Health. Some are capable of carrying the potentially deadly West Nile virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile first arrived in California in 2003, and spread quickly across the state. In 2007 it killed 21 people, and Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in certain counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco began working with Pestec, a pest control company, to treat more than 23,000 storm drains in the city for mosquitoes. Its eight-member San Francisco Mosquito Abatement Courier Team (SF MAC Team) completes most treatment by hand, getting around on bike or foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>What happens when you get West Nile?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While most people who contract West Nile show no visible symptoms, one in five experience a flulike illness. About 1 percent become really sick, developing symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis. These infections affect the brain and spinal cord, and can lead to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are cities doing to prevent West Nile?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Local governments treat standing water or use foggers in areas with a high density of adults. In San Francisco, the city hunts down potential breeding grounds, while contractor Pestec treats the city’s storm drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So far, San Francisco’s approach seems to work. Only a handful of birds and humans have contracted the virus since it started treating for West Nile in 2005. According to Hoover, no one has died.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>But Why The Dots?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One Thursday, I joined Jake Munoz of the SF MAC Team on his morning route. As the first long rays of golden sunlight illuminated the pollinated spring air, Munoz led us up and down the hills near City College, pedaling past pastel homes and garbagemen on their routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382272\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11382272 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Munoz-1-e1490828574396.jpg\" alt=\"Jake Munoz has worked in the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) program in San Francisco for six seasons, distributing larvicide tablets in city storm drains and marking each finished drain with spray paint. He covered a route near City College of San Francisco on the morning of March 23, 2017.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jake Munoz has worked in the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) program in San Francisco for six seasons, distributing larvicide tablets in city storm drains and marking each finished drain with spray paint. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Munoz stops his bike at every single storm drain. Using tongs, he picks up a little white plaster brick that’s laced with methoprene, and drops it through the grate. A moment later, we hear a small splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than killing adults, methoprene works like an insect hormone, preventing normal growth. It halts egg-laying, hatching and development. The pesticide \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/reregistration/fs_PC-105401_1-Jun-01.pdf\">was found\u003c/a> to have minimal effects on terrestrial animals, and is used around livestock, grain, corn, mushrooms and peanuts. Methoprene residue can be found in some cereals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11382277 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Jake Munoz carries a little brick of laced with methoprene used to treat storm drains for mosquitoes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jake Munoz carries a little brick laced with methoprene used to treat storm drains for mosquitoes. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each day, Munoz drops those little methoprene bricks into roughly 120 drains. After finishing each one, he sprays a dot on the curb above it to signify that the drain has been treated in the last 100 days. On this day, Jake uses blue spray paint. He covers the previous dot left after the last treatment less than 100 days ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dot placement varies from drain to drain. Some dots look like colorful bull’s-eyes, and some are sprayed in a messy line. Others leave artful drips down the curb.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Not Just a Sign, But Art!\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before being a mosquito abatement courier, Munoz worked at a desk doing CAD modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just got tired of sitting at a computer all day, so it’s good to be outside riding my bike,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending so much time on the road does have its drawbacks. He’s been hit by cars half a dozen times, and twice badly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11393239 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Jake Munoz has worked in the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) program in San Francisco for six seasons.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-375x563.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jake Munoz has worked in the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) program in San Francisco for six seasons. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I got my ankle run over one time. It looked like a seven-layer dip. It pinched the bone to the concrete. It was a nasty open wound for quite some time,” Munoz tells me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He finds himself explaining what he’s doing to a lot of suspicious people who see him wielding a spray-paint can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people think it’s art. It kinda looks like it! I mean, you make your next dot a little over to the side so the previous one shows. … I do think about it,” says Munoz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he’s not on the clock, Munoz is a graffiti artist. He started his art when he was 12 years old, and recently helped paint a large mural behind the Mission Cultural Center. He uses his artistic eye to help choose the dot color schemes with his supervisor, Lorae Fernandis, who is also an artist, working in textiles and fiber art. In fact, many of the team members are visual or musical artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382273\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11382273 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Lorae Fernandis (left) briefs Kevin Lash (right) on his route for mosquito abatement in San Francisco on the morning of March 23, 2017. They and other members of the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) crew distribute larvicide tablets throughout the city's storm drains by bicycle.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorae Fernandis (left) briefs Kevin Lash (right) on his route for mosquito abatement in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, the team is starting this season with blue, but “that wasn’t our choice,” Fernandis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are planning on using pink next, then orange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while the dots do have a practical application — to signify that drains have been treated for potentially deadly mosquitoes — they are also the work of artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can visit the SF MAC \u003ca href=\"http://mosquitosf.com/spot-your-dot/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">website\u003c/a> to see what color a particular dot should be. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You know when you first notice something, and then you can’t ever “unnotice” it? A year ago that happened to Zak Brazen when he noticed a pattern in several local communities. He asked \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Why are there colorful dots above the drainage system? And who puts them there?”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dots are located above storm drains around the Bay Area, usually on curbs. They’re spray-painted layer upon colorful layer and look like a work of abstract art.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Zak, they seem like they’re painted intentionally, and reminded him of the clusters of colorful thread he once saw in the back alleys of cities in Morocco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382268\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 453px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11382268 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot.jpg\" alt=\"These colorful bundles of thread can be found on the walls of back alleys in Morocco in cities like Marrakesh and Fez.\" width=\"453\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot.jpg 453w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot-160x203.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot-240x305.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Colorful-Thread-Dot-375x476.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 453px) 100vw, 453px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These colorful bundles of thread can be found on the walls of back alleys in Morocco in cities like Marrakech and Fez. \u003ccite>(Zak Brazen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So what’s the deal with the dots?\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>A Public Health War\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The dots are part of a war against one of man’s greatest enemies, an enemy that kills several million people each year — the mosquito.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mosquitoes are naturally present in our environment here in California,” says Dr. Cora Hoover, director of Communicable Disease Control and Prevention for the San Francisco Department of Public Health. Some are capable of carrying the potentially deadly West Nile virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>West Nile first arrived in California in 2003, and spread quickly across the state. In 2007 it killed 21 people, and Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger declared a state of emergency in certain counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco began working with Pestec, a pest control company, to treat more than 23,000 storm drains in the city for mosquitoes. Its eight-member San Francisco Mosquito Abatement Courier Team (SF MAC Team) completes most treatment by hand, getting around on bike or foot.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>What happens when you get West Nile?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While most people who contract West Nile show no visible symptoms, one in five experience a flulike illness. About 1 percent become really sick, developing symptoms of meningitis or encephalitis. These infections affect the brain and spinal cord, and can lead to death.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What are cities doing to prevent West Nile?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Local governments treat standing water or use foggers in areas with a high density of adults. In San Francisco, the city hunts down potential breeding grounds, while contractor Pestec treats the city’s storm drains.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So far, San Francisco’s approach seems to work. Only a handful of birds and humans have contracted the virus since it started treating for West Nile in 2005. According to Hoover, no one has died.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>But Why The Dots?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One Thursday, I joined Jake Munoz of the SF MAC Team on his morning route. As the first long rays of golden sunlight illuminated the pollinated spring air, Munoz led us up and down the hills near City College, pedaling past pastel homes and garbagemen on their routes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382272\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11382272 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Munoz-1-e1490828574396.jpg\" alt=\"Jake Munoz has worked in the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) program in San Francisco for six seasons, distributing larvicide tablets in city storm drains and marking each finished drain with spray paint. He covered a route near City College of San Francisco on the morning of March 23, 2017.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jake Munoz has worked in the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) program in San Francisco for six seasons, distributing larvicide tablets in city storm drains and marking each finished drain with spray paint. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Munoz stops his bike at every single storm drain. Using tongs, he picks up a little white plaster brick that’s laced with methoprene, and drops it through the grate. A moment later, we hear a small splash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than killing adults, methoprene works like an insect hormone, preventing normal growth. It halts egg-laying, hatching and development. The pesticide \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/pesticides/chem_search/reg_actions/reregistration/fs_PC-105401_1-Jun-01.pdf\">was found\u003c/a> to have minimal effects on terrestrial animals, and is used around livestock, grain, corn, mushrooms and peanuts. Methoprene residue can be found in some cereals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382277\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11382277 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Jake Munoz carries a little brick of laced with methoprene used to treat storm drains for mosquitoes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/mosquito-block-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jake Munoz carries a little brick laced with methoprene used to treat storm drains for mosquitoes. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Each day, Munoz drops those little methoprene bricks into roughly 120 drains. After finishing each one, he sprays a dot on the curb above it to signify that the drain has been treated in the last 100 days. On this day, Jake uses blue spray paint. He covers the previous dot left after the last treatment less than 100 days ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dot placement varies from drain to drain. Some dots look like colorful bull’s-eyes, and some are sprayed in a messy line. Others leave artful drips down the curb.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Not Just a Sign, But Art!\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Before being a mosquito abatement courier, Munoz worked at a desk doing CAD modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just got tired of sitting at a computer all day, so it’s good to be outside riding my bike,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending so much time on the road does have its drawbacks. He’s been hit by cars half a dozen times, and twice badly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11393239 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Jake Munoz has worked in the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) program in San Francisco for six seasons.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-1920x2880.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-375x563.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS24755_20170323_BayCurious_MosquitoAbatement_Credit_BertJohnson-9-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jake Munoz has worked in the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) program in San Francisco for six seasons. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I got my ankle run over one time. It looked like a seven-layer dip. It pinched the bone to the concrete. It was a nasty open wound for quite some time,” Munoz tells me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He finds himself explaining what he’s doing to a lot of suspicious people who see him wielding a spray-paint can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people think it’s art. It kinda looks like it! I mean, you make your next dot a little over to the side so the previous one shows. … I do think about it,” says Munoz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he’s not on the clock, Munoz is a graffiti artist. He started his art when he was 12 years old, and recently helped paint a large mural behind the Mission Cultural Center. He uses his artistic eye to help choose the dot color schemes with his supervisor, Lorae Fernandis, who is also an artist, working in textiles and fiber art. In fact, many of the team members are visual or musical artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382273\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11382273 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Lorae Fernandis (left) briefs Kevin Lash (right) on his route for mosquito abatement in San Francisco on the morning of March 23, 2017. They and other members of the Mosquito Abatement Courier (MAC) crew distribute larvicide tablets throughout the city's storm drains by bicycle.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/Lorrae-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lorae Fernandis (left) briefs Kevin Lash (right) on his route for mosquito abatement in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, the team is starting this season with blue, but “that wasn’t our choice,” Fernandis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are planning on using pink next, then orange.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while the dots do have a practical application — to signify that drains have been treated for potentially deadly mosquitoes — they are also the work of artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can visit the SF MAC \u003ca href=\"http://mosquitosf.com/spot-your-dot/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">website\u003c/a> to see what color a particular dot should be. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Long History of Sanctuary Laws, Debate in San Francisco",
"title": "Long History of Sanctuary Laws, Debate in San Francisco",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump put a national spotlight on so-called sanctuary cities, but in San Francisco the conversation has raged on and off for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate began in the 1980s, as civil wars raged in Central America and churches began providing refuge to fleeing immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Reagan administration refused to recognize these refugees as asylum seekers. So cities stepped up: First Berkeley, then dozens of others, including San Francisco, began \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=blrlj\" target=\"_blank\">adopting policies\u003c/a> prohibiting local officials from cooperating with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy was working as a deputy in the county jail back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until that time, ICE agents, or at the time immigration agents, were allowed to come into our jails and check at all the booking cards and see who and question anybody they wanted to question,\" she said during a recent talk to the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s early sanctuary policies stopped those visits. But in 1989, they didn’t stop immigration officials and San Francisco police from conducting a joint raid on a Latin dance club in San Francisco, Club Elegante. Dozens of people were handcuffed and detained for hours — including many U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It wasn't even as much that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve.\" \u003ccite>Sanctuary law author Robert Rubin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Former state Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, a longtime San Francisco activist and then politician, lived near Club Elegante. He said the raid \"ignited a sleeping giant\" in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was obvious that this was a big snafu that should never have happened,\" he said. \"That was it, boom, that was a benchmark. And then there were demands made on the mayor, 'What are you going to do, what is the solution?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were scared and city leaders were troubled, agreed civil rights attorney Robert Rubin. He helped write what would become the city’s sanctuary law later that year. The goal was to ensure the immigrant community didn’t fear minor encounters with police. Rubin said even then-Police Chief Frank Jordan was on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't even as much that he that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubin and others working in the city at the time say the federal government pushed back against these policies, even threatening to jail city leaders or strip federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as time passed, the city’s law remained. So did outside pressure to change it. Now it is under perhaps its most serious threat: President Trump issued an executive order within days of taking office in January directing his administration to strip federal funding from jurisdictions deemed to be \"sanctuary\" cities and counties. The threat already has sparked lawsuits, including from the city of San Francisco, and is helping drive state legislation that could make California, in the eyes of Trump, a sanctuary state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This shouldn’t happen to any family ... We did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do.\" \u003ccite>Danielle Bologna, wife and mother of murder victims\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But even before this political firestorm, there's always been a robust debate within San Francisco about the sanctuary law and how far it should go to protect undocumented immigrants who are accused or convicted of a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bologna murders \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2008, the slaying of a San Francisco man and his two sons by a gang member who was an undocumented immigrant shook San Francisco to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna lost her husband, Tony, and two of her four kids in a heart-wrenching case of mistaken identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks, conservative pundits came calling. Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lauraingraham.com/agnosticchart?charttype=minichart&chartID=21&formatID=1&useMiniChartID=true&position=8&destinationpage=/pg/jsp/general/eblasttext.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Bologna on the talk show of conservative commentator Laura Ingraham \u003c/a>a month after the murders, talking through sobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't happen to any family. Any family should not have to go through what I am going through right now. I can't even tell you guys, we were such a close family. We did everything — we did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do,\" Bologna said tearfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy was immediately blamed. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Slaying-suspect-once-found-sanctuary-in-S-F-3276361.php\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> that the accused shooter, Edwin Ramos, was convicted of two violent felonies as a juvenile but wasn’t deported because of the city’s policy not to hand over minors to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in any circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations fanned the flames of anger among critics, including Laura Ingraham, who vowed to help the Bolognas end sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three good people, innocent people gunned down, add them to the list of all the other people who have been gunned down, knifed, raped or brutalized by illegal aliens in this country,\" she told Bologna.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone. But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\" \u003ccite>Bologna family friend Marti McKee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s politically ambitious mayor, Gavin Newsom, defended the sanctuary law but also rushed to change how the city handled juvenile offenders. Under the changes, any undocumented kid merely \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">accused\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a felony was given to immigration officials, even though adult suspects were still protected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, the city turned over more than 100 juveniles to ICE. A year later, the Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances09/o0228-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amended city law \u003c/a>to clarify that only juveniles convicted of a felony should be reported to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in those early months, said Ammiano, a key fact was lost in the flurry of outrage: \"It was the feds that dropped the ball.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bologna family friend Marti McKee agreed. She said the federal government, including ICE, knew exactly who and where the Bologna shooter was. Ramos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-family-s-murderer-killed-before-FBI-was-told-3676718.php\">had applied for legal status\u003c/a> multiple times, and was the subject of a larger federal investigation into gang activity that eventually led to more than two dozen indictments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were communicating with him because he was trying to get his status changed. They knew where he worked, they knew where he lived, they knew where he hung out, they knew where he committed criminal activities. They were following him around,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those details arose in the weeks after the killing, but didn’t attract the same attention as San Francisco’s role. Others didn't come out publicly for years, as the court cases against Ramos and other gang members moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna declined to be interviewed for this story. But McKee, who sat with the family through Ramos’ trial, believes federal authorities didn’t deport Ramos\u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/no-sanctuary-danielle-bologna\" target=\"_blank\"> because they were working to build a bigger case\u003c/a>. She said in the beginning, it wasn't fully clear to anyone on the family's side of things what exactly happened or how the sanctuary law played into the case — and that opponents of the sanctuary law took advantage of that confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of sanctuary laws say it’s not unusual for critics to attack those policies even if there’s blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone,\" McKee said. \"But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obama administration crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bologna case roiled San Francisco, the Obama administration started rolling out a new, controversial deportation enforcement program in 2008, known as Secure Communities. It automatically sent the fingerprints of every person booked into a U.S. jail to immigration officials so they could check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially, it also let ICE send requests to jails to hold on to undocumented immigrants after they’d otherwise be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secure Communities rolled out nationally in 2011. But by then, some counties had already begun ignoring the requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, those counties opting out of the program were buoyed by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/docs/immigration/ag_info_bulletin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">memo issued by then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris\u003c/a> advising them that the detainer requests were indeed voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, a federal appeals court judge ruled that the jails could be sued for unlawfully holding someone because the detainer requests were not warrants, issued by a judge, but simply requests from an ICE agent. More and more counties around the nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/us/politics/fearing-lawsuits-sheriffs-balk-at-us-request-to-detain-noncitizens-for-extra-time.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">started ignoring the detainer requests after the court ruling.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco again took a strong stand against federal immigration authorities, passing legislation in 2013 limiting its cooperation to violent felons. At the same time, San Francisco Assemblyman Tom Ammiano was pushing statewide legislation to limit all California jails’ cooperation. After two years — and a veto of a measure that went even further by Gov. Jerry Brown — Ammiano's state bill, a milder version of the San Francisco measure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/trust-act-signed_n_4050168.html\" target=\"_blank\">became law in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kate Steinle murder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, again in 2015, a horrific murder roiled San Francisco and made national headlines. Kate Steinle, 32, was shot and killed while walking along the San Francisco waterfront. Her accused killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, is an undocumented immigrant who’d been deported five times and had just been released from jail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case sparked national outrage, with even some Democrats pointing the finger at San Francisco's sanctuary city policy. But again, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">blame to go around\u003c/a>: The gun used in the shooting was stolen from a federal park ranger. And questions remain about why federal officials sent him to San Francisco, knowing the city wouldn’t cooperate with immigration detainer requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Sanchez had just finished a four-year term in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally when the federal government transferred him to San Francisco jail based on a 20-year-old marijuana charge. Shortly after prosecutors declined to file charges, he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of San Francisco's more moderate politicians sought to narrow the city's sanctuary ordinance after the Steinle killing, it was another case — in which San Francisco police apparently \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Car-theft-victim-handed-over-to-immigrations-10864148.php\" target=\"_blank\">called ICE on an undocumented immigrant reporting a stolen car\u003c/a> — that most informed a 2016 tweak to the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change altered the circumstances under which city officials can cooperate with ICE. It allows the sheriff to notify immigration officials about an inmate who is accused of a violent felony if that person was convicted of a violent or serious felony in the past seven years and if a judge decides there's probable cause for the current charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Hennessy said no one has met this criteria since she became sheriff in January 2016. But requests to detain local inmates have increased under Trump: In the last six months of 2016, the Sheriff's Department received 41 ICE requests, Hennessy said; this year, it has already received 45 requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a high standard,\" Hennessy said, adding that she personally reviews each request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there have been 10 amendments to San Francisco’s sanctuary law since 1989. Most were made in response to aggressive deportation policies implemented by the Obama administration — and most of them made it even harder for local officials to cooperate with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the policies remain unpopular among conservatives outside San Francisco’s borders, a recent poll found that 79 percent of San Franciscans approve of the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sanctuary state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state lawmakers are considering a bill that could make California a sanctuary state in the view of the Trump administration, by prohibiting state and local governments from using any local resources to assist in deportation actions. Senate President Kevin de León, a Los Angeles Democrat, says the bill will keep communities safe. It \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/california-senate-oks-sanctuary-state-bill-critics-fear-losing-federal-money/\" target=\"_blank\">passed the state Senate on Monday\u003c/a> and now heads to the Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we need is for crime to increase in neighborhoods because police officers have left their beats, their duties to help set up a perimeter around a church, a shelter, or an elementary school, and serving as an extension of ICE agents. Local police departments protect and serve, they don’t enforce federal immigration law,\" de León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriffs and others are fighting the bill. But de León and his supporters reject the \"sanctuary\" label as a misnomer. He said it’s important to note what so-called sanctuary laws don’t do. They don’t prevent local jails from sharing fingerprints with ICE: every county in the nation does that. They don’t prevent ICE from conducting raids on their own, or from coming into prisons or jails if they secure a warrant from a judge to take custody of an undocumented prisoner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People needed to understand, that nothing in the city-of-refuge ordinance could do anything to stop the federal government from enforcing its own immigration laws,\" said Robert Rubin, the author of San Francisco’s original law. \"It simply said we are not going to help you, we are not going to be a part of it. We think this is the wrong way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still unclear what the fiscal consequence for California or San Francisco may be. The city receives about $2 billion a year from the federal government, but many legal observers believe most of that money is legally untouchable by the Trump administration because it has no connection to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city isn’t waiting to see what the president does, however: In January, San Francisco sued over Trump’s funding threat, saying it is unconstitutional. De León agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'You just can’t , with a signature, with a pen say I am going to punish San Francisco, Los Angeles or any other city,\" he said. \"The reality is this: It’s illegal, and it’s unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump put a national spotlight on so-called sanctuary cities, but in San Francisco the conversation has raged on and off for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate began in the 1980s, as civil wars raged in Central America and churches began providing refuge to fleeing immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Reagan administration refused to recognize these refugees as asylum seekers. So cities stepped up: First Berkeley, then dozens of others, including San Francisco, began \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=blrlj\" target=\"_blank\">adopting policies\u003c/a> prohibiting local officials from cooperating with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy was working as a deputy in the county jail back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until that time, ICE agents, or at the time immigration agents, were allowed to come into our jails and check at all the booking cards and see who and question anybody they wanted to question,\" she said during a recent talk to the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s early sanctuary policies stopped those visits. But in 1989, they didn’t stop immigration officials and San Francisco police from conducting a joint raid on a Latin dance club in San Francisco, Club Elegante. Dozens of people were handcuffed and detained for hours — including many U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It wasn't even as much that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve.\" \u003ccite>Sanctuary law author Robert Rubin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Former state Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, a longtime San Francisco activist and then politician, lived near Club Elegante. He said the raid \"ignited a sleeping giant\" in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was obvious that this was a big snafu that should never have happened,\" he said. \"That was it, boom, that was a benchmark. And then there were demands made on the mayor, 'What are you going to do, what is the solution?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were scared and city leaders were troubled, agreed civil rights attorney Robert Rubin. He helped write what would become the city’s sanctuary law later that year. The goal was to ensure the immigrant community didn’t fear minor encounters with police. Rubin said even then-Police Chief Frank Jordan was on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't even as much that he that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubin and others working in the city at the time say the federal government pushed back against these policies, even threatening to jail city leaders or strip federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as time passed, the city’s law remained. So did outside pressure to change it. Now it is under perhaps its most serious threat: President Trump issued an executive order within days of taking office in January directing his administration to strip federal funding from jurisdictions deemed to be \"sanctuary\" cities and counties. The threat already has sparked lawsuits, including from the city of San Francisco, and is helping drive state legislation that could make California, in the eyes of Trump, a sanctuary state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This shouldn’t happen to any family ... We did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do.\" \u003ccite>Danielle Bologna, wife and mother of murder victims\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But even before this political firestorm, there's always been a robust debate within San Francisco about the sanctuary law and how far it should go to protect undocumented immigrants who are accused or convicted of a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bologna murders \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2008, the slaying of a San Francisco man and his two sons by a gang member who was an undocumented immigrant shook San Francisco to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna lost her husband, Tony, and two of her four kids in a heart-wrenching case of mistaken identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks, conservative pundits came calling. Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lauraingraham.com/agnosticchart?charttype=minichart&chartID=21&formatID=1&useMiniChartID=true&position=8&destinationpage=/pg/jsp/general/eblasttext.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Bologna on the talk show of conservative commentator Laura Ingraham \u003c/a>a month after the murders, talking through sobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't happen to any family. Any family should not have to go through what I am going through right now. I can't even tell you guys, we were such a close family. We did everything — we did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do,\" Bologna said tearfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy was immediately blamed. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Slaying-suspect-once-found-sanctuary-in-S-F-3276361.php\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> that the accused shooter, Edwin Ramos, was convicted of two violent felonies as a juvenile but wasn’t deported because of the city’s policy not to hand over minors to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in any circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations fanned the flames of anger among critics, including Laura Ingraham, who vowed to help the Bolognas end sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three good people, innocent people gunned down, add them to the list of all the other people who have been gunned down, knifed, raped or brutalized by illegal aliens in this country,\" she told Bologna.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone. But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\" \u003ccite>Bologna family friend Marti McKee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s politically ambitious mayor, Gavin Newsom, defended the sanctuary law but also rushed to change how the city handled juvenile offenders. Under the changes, any undocumented kid merely \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">accused\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a felony was given to immigration officials, even though adult suspects were still protected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, the city turned over more than 100 juveniles to ICE. A year later, the Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances09/o0228-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amended city law \u003c/a>to clarify that only juveniles convicted of a felony should be reported to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in those early months, said Ammiano, a key fact was lost in the flurry of outrage: \"It was the feds that dropped the ball.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bologna family friend Marti McKee agreed. She said the federal government, including ICE, knew exactly who and where the Bologna shooter was. Ramos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-family-s-murderer-killed-before-FBI-was-told-3676718.php\">had applied for legal status\u003c/a> multiple times, and was the subject of a larger federal investigation into gang activity that eventually led to more than two dozen indictments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were communicating with him because he was trying to get his status changed. They knew where he worked, they knew where he lived, they knew where he hung out, they knew where he committed criminal activities. They were following him around,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those details arose in the weeks after the killing, but didn’t attract the same attention as San Francisco’s role. Others didn't come out publicly for years, as the court cases against Ramos and other gang members moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna declined to be interviewed for this story. But McKee, who sat with the family through Ramos’ trial, believes federal authorities didn’t deport Ramos\u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/no-sanctuary-danielle-bologna\" target=\"_blank\"> because they were working to build a bigger case\u003c/a>. She said in the beginning, it wasn't fully clear to anyone on the family's side of things what exactly happened or how the sanctuary law played into the case — and that opponents of the sanctuary law took advantage of that confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of sanctuary laws say it’s not unusual for critics to attack those policies even if there’s blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone,\" McKee said. \"But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obama administration crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bologna case roiled San Francisco, the Obama administration started rolling out a new, controversial deportation enforcement program in 2008, known as Secure Communities. It automatically sent the fingerprints of every person booked into a U.S. jail to immigration officials so they could check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially, it also let ICE send requests to jails to hold on to undocumented immigrants after they’d otherwise be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secure Communities rolled out nationally in 2011. But by then, some counties had already begun ignoring the requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, those counties opting out of the program were buoyed by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/docs/immigration/ag_info_bulletin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">memo issued by then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris\u003c/a> advising them that the detainer requests were indeed voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, a federal appeals court judge ruled that the jails could be sued for unlawfully holding someone because the detainer requests were not warrants, issued by a judge, but simply requests from an ICE agent. More and more counties around the nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/us/politics/fearing-lawsuits-sheriffs-balk-at-us-request-to-detain-noncitizens-for-extra-time.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">started ignoring the detainer requests after the court ruling.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco again took a strong stand against federal immigration authorities, passing legislation in 2013 limiting its cooperation to violent felons. At the same time, San Francisco Assemblyman Tom Ammiano was pushing statewide legislation to limit all California jails’ cooperation. After two years — and a veto of a measure that went even further by Gov. Jerry Brown — Ammiano's state bill, a milder version of the San Francisco measure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/trust-act-signed_n_4050168.html\" target=\"_blank\">became law in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kate Steinle murder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, again in 2015, a horrific murder roiled San Francisco and made national headlines. Kate Steinle, 32, was shot and killed while walking along the San Francisco waterfront. Her accused killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, is an undocumented immigrant who’d been deported five times and had just been released from jail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case sparked national outrage, with even some Democrats pointing the finger at San Francisco's sanctuary city policy. But again, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">blame to go around\u003c/a>: The gun used in the shooting was stolen from a federal park ranger. And questions remain about why federal officials sent him to San Francisco, knowing the city wouldn’t cooperate with immigration detainer requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Sanchez had just finished a four-year term in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally when the federal government transferred him to San Francisco jail based on a 20-year-old marijuana charge. Shortly after prosecutors declined to file charges, he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of San Francisco's more moderate politicians sought to narrow the city's sanctuary ordinance after the Steinle killing, it was another case — in which San Francisco police apparently \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Car-theft-victim-handed-over-to-immigrations-10864148.php\" target=\"_blank\">called ICE on an undocumented immigrant reporting a stolen car\u003c/a> — that most informed a 2016 tweak to the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change altered the circumstances under which city officials can cooperate with ICE. It allows the sheriff to notify immigration officials about an inmate who is accused of a violent felony if that person was convicted of a violent or serious felony in the past seven years and if a judge decides there's probable cause for the current charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Hennessy said no one has met this criteria since she became sheriff in January 2016. But requests to detain local inmates have increased under Trump: In the last six months of 2016, the Sheriff's Department received 41 ICE requests, Hennessy said; this year, it has already received 45 requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a high standard,\" Hennessy said, adding that she personally reviews each request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there have been 10 amendments to San Francisco’s sanctuary law since 1989. Most were made in response to aggressive deportation policies implemented by the Obama administration — and most of them made it even harder for local officials to cooperate with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the policies remain unpopular among conservatives outside San Francisco’s borders, a recent poll found that 79 percent of San Franciscans approve of the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sanctuary state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state lawmakers are considering a bill that could make California a sanctuary state in the view of the Trump administration, by prohibiting state and local governments from using any local resources to assist in deportation actions. Senate President Kevin de León, a Los Angeles Democrat, says the bill will keep communities safe. It \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/california-senate-oks-sanctuary-state-bill-critics-fear-losing-federal-money/\" target=\"_blank\">passed the state Senate on Monday\u003c/a> and now heads to the Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we need is for crime to increase in neighborhoods because police officers have left their beats, their duties to help set up a perimeter around a church, a shelter, or an elementary school, and serving as an extension of ICE agents. Local police departments protect and serve, they don’t enforce federal immigration law,\" de León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriffs and others are fighting the bill. But de León and his supporters reject the \"sanctuary\" label as a misnomer. He said it’s important to note what so-called sanctuary laws don’t do. They don’t prevent local jails from sharing fingerprints with ICE: every county in the nation does that. They don’t prevent ICE from conducting raids on their own, or from coming into prisons or jails if they secure a warrant from a judge to take custody of an undocumented prisoner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People needed to understand, that nothing in the city-of-refuge ordinance could do anything to stop the federal government from enforcing its own immigration laws,\" said Robert Rubin, the author of San Francisco’s original law. \"It simply said we are not going to help you, we are not going to be a part of it. We think this is the wrong way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still unclear what the fiscal consequence for California or San Francisco may be. The city receives about $2 billion a year from the federal government, but many legal observers believe most of that money is legally untouchable by the Trump administration because it has no connection to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city isn’t waiting to see what the president does, however: In January, San Francisco sued over Trump’s funding threat, saying it is unconstitutional. De León agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'You just can’t , with a signature, with a pen say I am going to punish San Francisco, Los Angeles or any other city,\" he said. \"The reality is this: It’s illegal, and it’s unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The stage is set for a razor close vote at the California Capitol on Thursday on a $52.4 billion transportation funding deal: Since \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Senate Bill 1 would raise taxes it requires a two-thirds vote to pass.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats hold a two-thirds majority in the state Senate and Assembly and they’ll need nearly all of those votes to get their \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1\">transportation bill\u003c/a> through both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally on Wednesday, Gov. Jerry Brown joined with Senate and Assembly leaders to try to push the measure across the finish line. He says while there are a lot of issues in Sacramento that lawmakers can put off, transportation infrastructure isn’t one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to fixing roads that are falling apart, or that bridge down there in Monterey County that no longer can support a car, you gotta do it now,” Brown said. “And if you don’t do it, it gets more expensive next year, and the year after.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of providing emergency fixes to the state highway system has been on an upward trend for the last few years. The steady deluge of storms this winter has caused wet weather damages to surge to roughly $866 million in the first three months of 2017, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/04/rains-cause-severe-road-damage-as-state-considers-costly-repair-plan/\">CALmatters reports\u003c/a>, making it the most expensive year for the state road system in at least two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”e0xlahL0xF8HzpFDcdoLLI6BZ3sJhxFf”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So SB-1 comes at an opportune moment for Brown and lawmakers backing it. The legislation would gradually raise the money for road, freeway and bridge repairs as well as public transit by imposing a new fee (transportation improvement fee) on registered vehicles. It would also increase the gas tax by 12 cents a gallon and the diesel tax by 20 cents a gallon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Jim Frazier, who has been ushering the bill through his chamber, has authored a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180ACA5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitutional Amendment\u003c/a> that would require the plan’s funding to be spent only on transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have worked tirelessly over the last two years to determine the need of the state, develop a plan that meets the need, and create safeguards to ensure that these resources can never be moved or diverted to other purposes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the funding formula has turned off Republicans in the Legislature who say they’ve been left out of negotiations. GOP Assemblyman Vince Fong said California doesn’t need to raise taxes to fix its roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The General Fund has gone up $36 billion over the last six years,” Fong said. “And none of that money has gone to roads. If the Legislature believes that road infrastructure is the No. 1 priority facing the state, then we should look at our budget and fund it as our No. 1 priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans aren’t the only ones resisting the measure: Some moderate Democrats have concerns, too, leaving the bill’s fate up in the air as a vote draws near. The legislation’s success will test Brown’s political muscle as he heads into the final 20 months of his last term in office.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The stage is set for a razor close vote at the California Capitol on Thursday on a $52.4 billion transportation funding deal: Since \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Senate Bill 1 would raise taxes it requires a two-thirds vote to pass.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats hold a two-thirds majority in the state Senate and Assembly and they’ll need nearly all of those votes to get their \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1\">transportation bill\u003c/a> through both houses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a rally on Wednesday, Gov. Jerry Brown joined with Senate and Assembly leaders to try to push the measure across the finish line. He says while there are a lot of issues in Sacramento that lawmakers can put off, transportation infrastructure isn’t one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to fixing roads that are falling apart, or that bridge down there in Monterey County that no longer can support a car, you gotta do it now,” Brown said. “And if you don’t do it, it gets more expensive next year, and the year after.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost of providing emergency fixes to the state highway system has been on an upward trend for the last few years. The steady deluge of storms this winter has caused wet weather damages to surge to roughly $866 million in the first three months of 2017, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/04/rains-cause-severe-road-damage-as-state-considers-costly-repair-plan/\">CALmatters reports\u003c/a>, making it the most expensive year for the state road system in at least two decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So SB-1 comes at an opportune moment for Brown and lawmakers backing it. The legislation would gradually raise the money for road, freeway and bridge repairs as well as public transit by imposing a new fee (transportation improvement fee) on registered vehicles. It would also increase the gas tax by 12 cents a gallon and the diesel tax by 20 cents a gallon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Jim Frazier, who has been ushering the bill through his chamber, has authored a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180ACA5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Constitutional Amendment\u003c/a> that would require the plan’s funding to be spent only on transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have worked tirelessly over the last two years to determine the need of the state, develop a plan that meets the need, and create safeguards to ensure that these resources can never be moved or diverted to other purposes,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the funding formula has turned off Republicans in the Legislature who say they’ve been left out of negotiations. GOP Assemblyman Vince Fong said California doesn’t need to raise taxes to fix its roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The General Fund has gone up $36 billion over the last six years,” Fong said. “And none of that money has gone to roads. If the Legislature believes that road infrastructure is the No. 1 priority facing the state, then we should look at our budget and fund it as our No. 1 priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans aren’t the only ones resisting the measure: Some moderate Democrats have concerns, too, leaving the bill’s fate up in the air as a vote draws near. The legislation’s success will test Brown’s political muscle as he heads into the final 20 months of his last term in office.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency's Board of Directors voted Tuesday to ban political ads on its buses, trains and transit shelters, raising concerns of censorship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policies like this have been adopted by other transit systems nationwide, including New York City, in response to a recent wave of anti-Muslim ads. The SFMTA faced controversy in 2012 for ads that appeared on buses and transit shelters that said: \"In any war between the civilized man and the savage, support the civilized man. Support Israel, defeat Jihad.\" At the time, transit officials said they could not remove the ads because that could be viewed as a violation of the First Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sameena Usman, director of government relations for the Bay Area chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), says that this policy change is not the solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand up for our First Amendment rights,\" she told KQED. \"Our American values teach us that the best response to this offensive speech is actually more speech, and this policy is the opposite of that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Schlosser, senior counsel for the San Francisco chapter of the ACLU, agrees. He said that discourse is the only way to deal with offensive public content, but he is also concerned that the policy may give transit authorities too much power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some Muni official will have the power to determine whether speech is political or not, insulting or not, or offensive or not,\" he said. \"And those kinds of broad powers to government officials to make those subjective decisions is very problematic in terms of First Amendment protections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rose, an SFMTA spokesman, defended the new policy, saying it was adopted to prevent the appearance of ads that \"have the potential to be harmful or disruptive to the transit system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose said that the SFMTA sought input from community groups while drafting the policy, which was adopted by a unanimous vote and without discussion, and goes into effect immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amended policy specifically prohibits \"advertisements concerning a political or public issue, containing profanity or violent descriptions or images, are intended to be insulting, degrading, disparaging, demeaning or offensive, are reasonably likely to be harmful or disruptive to the SFMTA’s transit system, encourage or depict unsafe transit behavior or are adverse to the interests of the SFMTA, effective April 5, 2017.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/marianaurbannew\">Mariana Urban\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto\">Bert Johnson\u003c/a> \u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency's Board of Directors voted Tuesday to ban political ads on its buses, trains and transit shelters, raising concerns of censorship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Policies like this have been adopted by other transit systems nationwide, including New York City, in response to a recent wave of anti-Muslim ads. The SFMTA faced controversy in 2012 for ads that appeared on buses and transit shelters that said: \"In any war between the civilized man and the savage, support the civilized man. Support Israel, defeat Jihad.\" At the time, transit officials said they could not remove the ads because that could be viewed as a violation of the First Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sameena Usman, director of government relations for the Bay Area chapter of the Council on American-Islamic Relations (CAIR), says that this policy change is not the solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand up for our First Amendment rights,\" she told KQED. \"Our American values teach us that the best response to this offensive speech is actually more speech, and this policy is the opposite of that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alan Schlosser, senior counsel for the San Francisco chapter of the ACLU, agrees. He said that discourse is the only way to deal with offensive public content, but he is also concerned that the policy may give transit authorities too much power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some Muni official will have the power to determine whether speech is political or not, insulting or not, or offensive or not,\" he said. \"And those kinds of broad powers to government officials to make those subjective decisions is very problematic in terms of First Amendment protections.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Rose, an SFMTA spokesman, defended the new policy, saying it was adopted to prevent the appearance of ads that \"have the potential to be harmful or disruptive to the transit system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rose said that the SFMTA sought input from community groups while drafting the policy, which was adopted by a unanimous vote and without discussion, and goes into effect immediately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amended policy specifically prohibits \"advertisements concerning a political or public issue, containing profanity or violent descriptions or images, are intended to be insulting, degrading, disparaging, demeaning or offensive, are reasonably likely to be harmful or disruptive to the SFMTA’s transit system, encourage or depict unsafe transit behavior or are adverse to the interests of the SFMTA, effective April 5, 2017.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "PHOTOS: The Many Possible Shapes of Trump's Border Wall",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time bidding closed Tuesday, there was no lack of companies competing to build the wall President Trump has proposed for the border between the U.S. and Mexico. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_BORDER_WALL?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2017-04-04-10-05-14\">by The Associated Press' count\u003c/a>, upwards of 200 organizations had expressed interest in designing and building it for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-requests-proposals-border-wall-prototypes\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their common goal, the companies submitting bids have followed some radically different paths in their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the submissions are walls with solar panels, wire mesh and sloped, slippery surfaces. There are even walls that are no walls at all — statements standing instead as protests of a policy that from the start has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/24/most-americans-continue-to-oppose-u-s-border-wall-doubt-mexico-would-pay-for-it/\">drawn a lot of resistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/04/522652528/bids-for-trump-s-border-wall-are-due-today\">As NPR's Richard Gonzales reports\u003c/a>, the CBP plans to announce the finalists for the contract in June, at which point the companies still in the running would be expected to build a prototype roughly 30 feet long and anywhere from18 to 30 feet tall. The AP notes the prototypes are expected to cost about $200,000 to $500,000 each; estimates for the cost of the wall covering the 2,000-mile border, however, range \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602494/bad-math-props-up-trumps-border-wall/\">up to $38 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a glimpse of just a few of the designs vying to stand between the U.S. and Mexico, complete with renderings and explanations of how they could take shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The WireWall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg\" alt='The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393681\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Riverdale Mills)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposal from \u003ca href=\"https://riverdale.com/\">Riverdale Mills Corporation\u003c/a> employs wire mesh, which is already used along the Mexican border with California and Arizona. Riverdale says the material can be manufactured up to 20 feet tall and installed up to 6 feet below ground, to prevent tunneling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The configurations of the wire mesh make it virtually impossible to climb or cut,\" Jane Meehan Lanzillo, director of corporate communications for Riverdale, tells NPR in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Solar Panels\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393691\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon. \u003ccite>(Gleason Partners)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I like the wall to be able to pay for itself,\" Thomas Gleason, managing partner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.strutchannelfittings.com/About-Us_ep_7.html\">Gleason Partners LLC\u003c/a>, tells the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's proposal sets solar panels on sections of the wall, generating what it says would be approximately 2.0 megawatts of electricity per hour, according to the wire service.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Maximum-Security Wire Mesh\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/final-rendering-9b-_custom-bc72a54d44aabccc8d0e1156d34618ce0b7148ba-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Penna Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Composed of high-density steel packed into double wire mesh, the Penna Group's proposed wall takes its cue from maximum security prisons. \"Nearly impossible to climb,\" it would also be built to withstand pick axes, acetylene torches and other handheld weapons, with the first 12 feet of its 30-foot height packed more densely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Evangelista-Ysasaga, CEO of the Penna Group, speaks to the aesthetics of the U.S.-facing side of the wall, telling NPR \"the wire mesh panels will be emblazoned with the Seal of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Security Curtain Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg\" alt=\"Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border.\" width=\"800\" height=\"662\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-160x132.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1020x845.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1180x977.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-960x795.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-240x199.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-375x311.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-520x431.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6.jpg 1547w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Diego Project Management)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its face pitched at an angle, the proposed wall put forth by \u003ca href=\"https://sdpmpsc.sharepoint.com/Pages/default.aspx\">San Diego Project Management, PSC\u003c/a>, borrows medieval concepts to give to give guards a better view of possible \"villains\" approaching the wall — and with its walkway toward the top, it gives those guards a place to patrol from a height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The surface finish on the south side of the wall is of the same quality as the finish on a smooth floor slab,\" Patrick J. Balcazar, principal and managing partner at SDPM, writes in his proposal. \"Smooth surface on the glacis [sloped] and [vertical] surfaces make climbing harder, and there are no handholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Hadrian's Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/img_1897-48dbfac4be0a1957afb5f260e6e793b1b7819d69-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393684\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hadrian Construction Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's impossible to avoid: For a man bidding to build a massive wall, Rod Hadrian has a rather serendipitous name. Namesake of the Roman emperor who built the wall that once marked off the northernmost edge of the ancient empire — the wall that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/08/30/344031401/the-wall-that-defined-scotlands-past-and-the-vote-on-its-future\">still stands in ruins\u003c/a> in the U.K. today — Hadrian Construction Company has proposed a wall constructed in prefabricated panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tridipanel.com/\">Its Tridipanel design\u003c/a> makes for something of a zig-zag shape, which he says would create a 30-foot wall that's at once lightweight and strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Adorned With Decoration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(iCON Wall Solution by Single Eagle dba Concrete Contractors Interstate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The border wall should be \"a piece of art,\" Russ Baumgartner, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seicci.com/\">Concrete Contractors Interstate\u003c/a> of San Diego, tells the AP. The wire service says the company's proposal calls for stones and artifacts set in polished concrete, reflecting the areas the wall wends through and rendering both sides \"aesthetically pleasing\" — unlike the CBP's callout, which asks only that the U.S. side be pleasant to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above, you can see a detail of the kind of decorative stones Baumgartner has in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Wall To End All Walls\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ground-view-near-hyperloop02-web-03f33002b1140ea02a122aa11f808de83a4ec8ff-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393680\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Otra Nation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is reasonable to conclude that this proposal is not exactly what Trump has in mind for his signature campaign promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We propose a trans-national 'New Deal' to build an innovative shared co-nation based on local economic empowerment, energy independence and revolutionary infrastructure and transit,\" says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/team\">MADE Collective\u003c/a>, a cross-disciplinary team that argues for the creation of what it calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/background\">the Otra Nation\u003c/a> — a \"regenerative co-nation shared by citizens of both Mexico and the United Stated and co-maintained by respective governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from a boundary between two states, the Otra Nation proposal envisions the construction of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/hyperloop-transit\">hyperloop transit system\u003c/a> and the rights to \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/otra-id\">cross open borders\u003c/a> of the three North American countries without impediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Wall Of Sound\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/BSM38HQgSLG/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of at least three protest proposals ginned up by \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/jmeridian.studio/\">J.M. Design Studio\u003c/a> of Pittsburgh, this one calls for \"a semi-continuous wall of nearly 10 million pipe organs.\" The long line of 30-foot organs breaks in regular intervals, offering border-crossers the opportunity to walk straight through — but not before playing a ditty of their choosing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Meridian — an artist who says Trump's actual border wall is \"preposterous for so many reasons,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/graphics/trump-mexico-wall-bid-examples/\">according to the Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> — also proposes a wall of hammocks and a wall of refugees' gravestones for passersby to \"consider the danger, terror, and horror they must have faced in trying to cross.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+The+Many+Possible+Shapes+Of+Trump%27s+Border+Wall&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The bidding period has closed for the companies hoping to design and deliver the president's signature campaign promise. Here's a glimpse of some proposals, from wire mesh to 30-foot pipe organs.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time bidding closed Tuesday, there was no lack of companies competing to build the wall President Trump has proposed for the border between the U.S. and Mexico. In fact, \u003ca href=\"http://hosted.ap.org/dynamic/stories/U/US_BORDER_WALL?SITE=AP&SECTION=HOME&TEMPLATE=DEFAULT&CTIME=2017-04-04-10-05-14\">by The Associated Press' count\u003c/a>, upwards of 200 organizations had expressed interest in designing and building it for \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/national-media-release/cbp-requests-proposals-border-wall-prototypes\">Customs and Border Protection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite their common goal, the companies submitting bids have followed some radically different paths in their approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the submissions are walls with solar panels, wire mesh and sloped, slippery surfaces. There are even walls that are no walls at all — statements standing instead as protests of a policy that from the start has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/02/24/most-americans-continue-to-oppose-u-s-border-wall-doubt-mexico-would-pay-for-it/\">drawn a lot of resistance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/04/522652528/bids-for-trump-s-border-wall-are-due-today\">As NPR's Richard Gonzales reports\u003c/a>, the CBP plans to announce the finalists for the contract in June, at which point the companies still in the running would be expected to build a prototype roughly 30 feet long and anywhere from18 to 30 feet tall. The AP notes the prototypes are expected to cost about $200,000 to $500,000 each; estimates for the cost of the wall covering the 2,000-mile border, however, range \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/602494/bad-math-props-up-trumps-border-wall/\">up to $38 billion\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a glimpse of just a few of the designs vying to stand between the U.S. and Mexico, complete with renderings and explanations of how they could take shape.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The WireWall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393681\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg\" alt='The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393681\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/u_s_mexico_border_fence_in_ca-068b3f8b2ca0deddb502484ddf8a516ee84e313e.jpg 1587w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The WireWall fence now in place in California on the border with Mexico. Riverdale Mills says the fence is produced using the same manufacturing process as its \"marquee marine wire mesh\" designed for lobster traps used in New England. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Riverdale Mills)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The proposal from \u003ca href=\"https://riverdale.com/\">Riverdale Mills Corporation\u003c/a> employs wire mesh, which is already used along the Mexican border with California and Arizona. Riverdale says the material can be manufactured up to 20 feet tall and installed up to 6 feet below ground, to prevent tunneling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The configurations of the wire mesh make it virtually impossible to climb or cut,\" Jane Meehan Lanzillo, director of corporate communications for Riverdale, tells NPR in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Solar Panels\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393691\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393691\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ap_17094728697212_custom-a39b32b4296017ed445e59904fe97b339354e1d4-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This rendering depicts solar panels snaking along the border. Gleason Partners, the company behind the proposal, believes that the energy provided by the panels would offer the U.S. a financial boon. \u003ccite>(Gleason Partners)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I like the wall to be able to pay for itself,\" Thomas Gleason, managing partner of \u003ca href=\"http://www.strutchannelfittings.com/About-Us_ep_7.html\">Gleason Partners LLC\u003c/a>, tells the AP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's proposal sets solar panels on sections of the wall, generating what it says would be approximately 2.0 megawatts of electricity per hour, according to the wire service.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Maximum-Security Wire Mesh\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393682\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/final-rendering-9b-_custom-bc72a54d44aabccc8d0e1156d34618ce0b7148ba-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393682\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Penna Group rendering, which displays two groups on either side watching each other through the mesh. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Penna Group)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Composed of high-density steel packed into double wire mesh, the Penna Group's proposed wall takes its cue from maximum security prisons. \"Nearly impossible to climb,\" it would also be built to withstand pick axes, acetylene torches and other handheld weapons, with the first 12 feet of its 30-foot height packed more densely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Evangelista-Ysasaga, CEO of the Penna Group, speaks to the aesthetics of the U.S.-facing side of the wall, telling NPR \"the wire mesh panels will be emblazoned with the Seal of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Security Curtain Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393683\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg\" alt=\"Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border.\" width=\"800\" height=\"662\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-800x662.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-160x132.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1020x845.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-1180x977.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-960x795.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-240x199.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-375x311.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6-520x431.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/2a_custom-46f4270c2e995f97b1768becce4e3a84dba163d6.jpg 1547w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Between its sloped surface and the walkway near the top, the security curtain wall aims to make climbing an impossible task for those seeking to cross the border. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of San Diego Project Management)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With its face pitched at an angle, the proposed wall put forth by \u003ca href=\"https://sdpmpsc.sharepoint.com/Pages/default.aspx\">San Diego Project Management, PSC\u003c/a>, borrows medieval concepts to give to give guards a better view of possible \"villains\" approaching the wall — and with its walkway toward the top, it gives those guards a place to patrol from a height.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The surface finish on the south side of the wall is of the same quality as the finish on a smooth floor slab,\" Patrick J. Balcazar, principal and managing partner at SDPM, writes in his proposal. \"Smooth surface on the glacis [sloped] and [vertical] surfaces make climbing harder, and there are no handholds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Hadrian's Wall\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393684\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/img_1897-48dbfac4be0a1957afb5f260e6e793b1b7819d69-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393684\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hadrian Construction Company's wall, here modeled in miniature, would be paneled according to its Tridipanel system. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Hadrian Construction Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's impossible to avoid: For a man bidding to build a massive wall, Rod Hadrian has a rather serendipitous name. Namesake of the Roman emperor who built the wall that once marked off the northernmost edge of the ancient empire — the wall that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/08/30/344031401/the-wall-that-defined-scotlands-past-and-the-vote-on-its-future\">still stands in ruins\u003c/a> in the U.K. today — Hadrian Construction Company has proposed a wall constructed in prefabricated panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.tridipanel.com/\">Its Tridipanel design\u003c/a> makes for something of a zig-zag shape, which he says would create a 30-foot wall that's at once lightweight and strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Adorned With Decoration\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393694\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393694\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Adorned.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a close-up rendering of the iCON Wall Solution by Concrete Contractors Interstate. Between the polish and the stones, the company behind this proposal wants to make it as easy on the eyes as it is hard to cross.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(iCON Wall Solution by Single Eagle dba Concrete Contractors Interstate)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The border wall should be \"a piece of art,\" Russ Baumgartner, CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.seicci.com/\">Concrete Contractors Interstate\u003c/a> of San Diego, tells the AP. The wire service says the company's proposal calls for stones and artifacts set in polished concrete, reflecting the areas the wall wends through and rendering both sides \"aesthetically pleasing\" — unlike the CBP's callout, which asks only that the U.S. side be pleasant to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Above, you can see a detail of the kind of decorative stones Baumgartner has in mind.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Wall To End All Walls\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11393680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/ground-view-near-hyperloop02-web-03f33002b1140ea02a122aa11f808de83a4ec8ff-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11393680\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Quite unlike the other proposals on this list, the Otra Nation concept condemns barriers altogether. Rather than impede movement between regions, its hyperloop transit system would accelerate travel, effectively rendering the border moot. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Otra Nation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It is reasonable to conclude that this proposal is not exactly what Trump has in mind for his signature campaign promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We propose a trans-national 'New Deal' to build an innovative shared co-nation based on local economic empowerment, energy independence and revolutionary infrastructure and transit,\" says the \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/team\">MADE Collective\u003c/a>, a cross-disciplinary team that argues for the creation of what it calls \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/background\">the Otra Nation\u003c/a> — a \"regenerative co-nation shared by citizens of both Mexico and the United Stated and co-maintained by respective governments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far from a boundary between two states, the Otra Nation proposal envisions the construction of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/hyperloop-transit\">hyperloop transit system\u003c/a> and the rights to \u003ca href=\"http://www.otranation.com/features/otra-id\">cross open borders\u003c/a> of the three North American countries without impediment.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Wall Of Sound\u003c/h3>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One of at least three protest proposals ginned up by \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/jmeridian.studio/\">J.M. Design Studio\u003c/a> of Pittsburgh, this one calls for \"a semi-continuous wall of nearly 10 million pipe organs.\" The long line of 30-foot organs breaks in regular intervals, offering border-crossers the opportunity to walk straight through — but not before playing a ditty of their choosing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Meridian — an artist who says Trump's actual border wall is \"preposterous for so many reasons,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/graphics/trump-mexico-wall-bid-examples/\">according to the Wall Street Journal\u003c/a> — also proposes a wall of hammocks and a wall of refugees' gravestones for passersby to \"consider the danger, terror, and horror they must have faced in trying to cross.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+The+Many+Possible+Shapes+Of+Trump%27s+Border+Wall&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Moves to Unite Medical, Recreational Marijuana Laws",
"title": "California Moves to Unite Medical, Recreational Marijuana Laws",
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"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — California is one step closer to resolving tricky legal conflicts on its path to becoming the nation's largest marijuana economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown's administration has released documents outlining proposed changes to square the state's new recreational pot law with its long-standing law on medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two laws took different approaches in many areas, including the potential size of marijuana grows and how many licenses businesses could hold in cultivation, distribution and manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's administration has stressed that one regulatory framework is needed to avoid duplicating costs and confusing businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's attempt to reconcile the two laws hasn't met any formal opposition, though the proposal is lengthy and complicated and groups such as the Los Angeles Cannabis Task Force are still reviewing the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This takes us another step closer to a uniform industry and puts this state in a position to set the national standard,\" Avis Bulbulyan, president of the group, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hezekiah Allen, president of the California Growers Association, had a similar reaction, but said the marijuana farmers' organization had a few concerns with the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Mr3uD25j3x0sgvoINC3WpLkuN6ThYKaK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiefly, Allen said the association is concerned with Brown's proposal to allow a single entity to hold licenses to grow and sell marijuana. A medical marijuana provider can't hold both licenses, but Brown proposes to lift that restriction after it becomes legal to sell recreational pot in California on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could lead to mega-manufactures and mega-chain stores,\" Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he said Brown's plan includes temporarily barring one entity from owning more than three retail stores and a farm larger than four acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/09/smoking-pot-in-california-is-now-legal-but-be-careful-where-you-light-up/\" target=\"_blank\">joined a growing number of states\u003c/a> in legalizing recreational marijuana use for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2018, when the law kicks in, state officials must have crafted regulations and rules governing the emerging legal marijuana market with an estimated value of $7 billion, from where and how plants can be grown to setting guidelines to track the buds from fields to stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, the state will treat cannabis like alcohol, allowing people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of marijuana and grow six marijuana plants at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proposed legislation helps build an effective statewide regulatory system for cannabis to achieve our goals of protecting public safety with clear and consistent rules that are not overly burdensome,\" said Lori Ajax, head of the state's marijuana agency. \"It harmonizes the many elements of the two main statutes governing medicinal and adult-use cannabis, while preserving the integrity and separation of those industries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those changes must be approved by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Brown proposed spending more than $50 million to establish programs to collect taxes and issue licenses while hiring dozens of workers to regulate the industry.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — California is one step closer to resolving tricky legal conflicts on its path to becoming the nation's largest marijuana economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown's administration has released documents outlining proposed changes to square the state's new recreational pot law with its long-standing law on medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two laws took different approaches in many areas, including the potential size of marijuana grows and how many licenses businesses could hold in cultivation, distribution and manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's administration has stressed that one regulatory framework is needed to avoid duplicating costs and confusing businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's attempt to reconcile the two laws hasn't met any formal opposition, though the proposal is lengthy and complicated and groups such as the Los Angeles Cannabis Task Force are still reviewing the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This takes us another step closer to a uniform industry and puts this state in a position to set the national standard,\" Avis Bulbulyan, president of the group, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hezekiah Allen, president of the California Growers Association, had a similar reaction, but said the marijuana farmers' organization had a few concerns with the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiefly, Allen said the association is concerned with Brown's proposal to allow a single entity to hold licenses to grow and sell marijuana. A medical marijuana provider can't hold both licenses, but Brown proposes to lift that restriction after it becomes legal to sell recreational pot in California on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could lead to mega-manufactures and mega-chain stores,\" Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he said Brown's plan includes temporarily barring one entity from owning more than three retail stores and a farm larger than four acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/09/smoking-pot-in-california-is-now-legal-but-be-careful-where-you-light-up/\" target=\"_blank\">joined a growing number of states\u003c/a> in legalizing recreational marijuana use for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2018, when the law kicks in, state officials must have crafted regulations and rules governing the emerging legal marijuana market with an estimated value of $7 billion, from where and how plants can be grown to setting guidelines to track the buds from fields to stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, the state will treat cannabis like alcohol, allowing people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of marijuana and grow six marijuana plants at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proposed legislation helps build an effective statewide regulatory system for cannabis to achieve our goals of protecting public safety with clear and consistent rules that are not overly burdensome,\" said Lori Ajax, head of the state's marijuana agency. \"It harmonizes the many elements of the two main statutes governing medicinal and adult-use cannabis, while preserving the integrity and separation of those industries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those changes must be approved by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Brown proposed spending more than $50 million to establish programs to collect taxes and issue licenses while hiring dozens of workers to regulate the industry.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A judge in Santa Clara County heard arguments -- but did not rule -- Tuesday in a case that will determine whether rent control can move forward in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Apartment Association already has been\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/23/mountain-view-rent-control-measure-sidelined-by-judges-order/\" target=\"_blank\"> granted a temporary restraining\u003c/a> order against Mountain View's \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/depts/comdev/preservation/rentstabilization.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Measure V\u003c/a>, which would limit rent increases to the consumer price index for certain properties and make it harder to evict tenants. If the judge rules in favor of the landlord group, the measure would be further delayed while the case works its way through the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CAA and other opponents of rent control argue that landlords \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/06/is-rent-control-fair-the-question-at-the-heart-of-the-debate/\" target=\"_blank\">are not responsible\u003c/a> for the regional housing crisis, while supporters often point out that rising rents have outpaced incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain View was one of five Bay Area cities that placed rent control on the ballot last fall in order to prevent displacement of residents. Between \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=13463\" target=\"_blank\">2011 and 2015\u003c/a>, rents in the city increased 52.7 percent, according to estimates by RealFacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure V passed with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/09/bay-area-cities-appear-to-split-on-multiple-rent-control-measures/\" target=\"_blank\">approximately 53 percent\u003c/a> of the vote last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would roll back rents to October 2015 levels for tenants who were in their rentals before that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It does deprive the property owner of due process and a fair rate of return on their property,\" said Joshua Howard, senior vice president for the California Apartment Association in Northern California, which has poured hundreds of thousands of dollars into opposing rent control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard said owners expecting a certain income from rent who have made improvements to their properties would be financially harmed if rents were rolled back. He adds that October 2015 is an arbitrary date, although that's when the city says the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=13463\" target=\"_blank\">public outcry\u003c/a>\" about rising rents began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, a judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2017/02/15/richmond-judge-rejects-effort-to-halt-rent-control/\" target=\"_blank\">refused to grant\u003c/a> a preliminary injunction against a rent control measure passed by Richmond voters. The CAA is also trying to prevent another rent control measure from being passed in Santa Rosa's upcoming June election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel very optimistic,\" said Juliet Brodie, a Stanford Law School professor who helped counsel renter advocates in Mountain View. \"The California Apartment Association is throwing old arguments against the wall hoping something's going to stick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brodie said there's no telling when the judge will rule on the preliminary injunction. But the judge in the Richmond case took a couple of weeks. Brodie said she'd be surprised if it took that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a dozen California cities have some form of rent stabilization, according to a 2015 report from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Reports/2016/3345/Low-Income-Housing-020816.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Legislative Analyst's Office\u003c/a>. The report said that rent control does little to address the housing shortage and that it would \"likely discourage new construction.\" But building more housing -- something both sides agree needs to happen -- could take years, and there are countless stories about tenants being priced out of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A judge in Santa Clara County heard arguments -- but did not rule -- Tuesday in a case that will determine whether rent control can move forward in Mountain View.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Apartment Association already has been\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/23/mountain-view-rent-control-measure-sidelined-by-judges-order/\" target=\"_blank\"> granted a temporary restraining\u003c/a> order against Mountain View's \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/depts/comdev/preservation/rentstabilization.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Measure V\u003c/a>, which would limit rent increases to the consumer price index for certain properties and make it harder to evict tenants. If the judge rules in favor of the landlord group, the measure would be further delayed while the case works its way through the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CAA and other opponents of rent control argue that landlords \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/06/is-rent-control-fair-the-question-at-the-heart-of-the-debate/\" target=\"_blank\">are not responsible\u003c/a> for the regional housing crisis, while supporters often point out that rising rents have outpaced incomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain View was one of five Bay Area cities that placed rent control on the ballot last fall in order to prevent displacement of residents. Between \u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=13463\" target=\"_blank\">2011 and 2015\u003c/a>, rents in the city increased 52.7 percent, according to estimates by RealFacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure V passed with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/09/bay-area-cities-appear-to-split-on-multiple-rent-control-measures/\" target=\"_blank\">approximately 53 percent\u003c/a> of the vote last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would roll back rents to October 2015 levels for tenants who were in their rentals before that time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It does deprive the property owner of due process and a fair rate of return on their property,\" said Joshua Howard, senior vice president for the California Apartment Association in Northern California, which has poured hundreds of thousands of dollars into opposing rent control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howard said owners expecting a certain income from rent who have made improvements to their properties would be financially harmed if rents were rolled back. He adds that October 2015 is an arbitrary date, although that's when the city says the \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.mountainview.gov/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=13463\" target=\"_blank\">public outcry\u003c/a>\" about rising rents began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, a judge \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2017/02/15/richmond-judge-rejects-effort-to-halt-rent-control/\" target=\"_blank\">refused to grant\u003c/a> a preliminary injunction against a rent control measure passed by Richmond voters. The CAA is also trying to prevent another rent control measure from being passed in Santa Rosa's upcoming June election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel very optimistic,\" said Juliet Brodie, a Stanford Law School professor who helped counsel renter advocates in Mountain View. \"The California Apartment Association is throwing old arguments against the wall hoping something's going to stick.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brodie said there's no telling when the judge will rule on the preliminary injunction. But the judge in the Richmond case took a couple of weeks. Brodie said she'd be surprised if it took that long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a dozen California cities have some form of rent stabilization, according to a 2015 report from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/Reports/2016/3345/Low-Income-Housing-020816.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Legislative Analyst's Office\u003c/a>. The report said that rent control does little to address the housing shortage and that it would \"likely discourage new construction.\" But building more housing -- something both sides agree needs to happen -- could take years, and there are countless stories about tenants being priced out of the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Wednesday, 12:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president of San Francisco's Police Commission says that if the U.S. Justice Department ends its oversight of the SFPD, the city will move forward on its own to implement hundreds of reforms prompted by a series of fatal officer-involved shootings and racist text message scandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-orders-justice-department-to-review-all-police-reform-agreements/2017/04/03/ba934058-18bd-11e7-9887-1a5314b56a08_story.html?utm_term=.2b518e8b5f18\" target=\"_blank\">recently called\u003c/a> for the Justice Department to review federal oversight programs at play in local law enforcement agencies across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reaction has focused on the Justice Department's strongest form of intervention -- consent decrees enforced by federal courts, like in Baltimore and Ferguson, Missouri. But \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3535148/Consentdecreebaltimore.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Sessions' memo\u003c/a> also mentions review of \"technical assistance\" -- part of the DOJ's Collaborative Reform Initiative that is underway in San Francisco, among other major cities.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"RcBFxcoHqV7v5THIzw8DeoU6egOf6dJh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that review leads Justice Department officials to pull out of their work aimed at reforming the SFPD, local officials can do it alone, Police Commission President Julius Turman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The agreement between the San Francisco Police Department and the Justice Department may be done away with, but the reforms and measures, we're committed to,\" Turman said in an interview Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD is in the midst of implementing 272 federal recommendations aimed at reducing bias, improving accountability and changing the culture of the department through revamped hiring and training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work is overseen by the Justice Department's \u003ca href=\"https://cops.usdoj.gov/technicalassistance\" target=\"_blank\">Office of Community Oriented Policing Services\u003c/a>, or COPS office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That office unveiled a \u003ca href=\"https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0817-pub.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> in October following an eight-month review that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/12/federal-review-of-sfpd-finds-major-faults-in-every-area-assessed/\" target=\"_blank\">found\u003c/a> San Francisco's Police Department had \"concerning deficiencies in every operational area assessed,\" including use of force, bias and community policing, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report came during the last months of the Obama administration, which in recent years aggressively pursued federal intervention into police departments with alleged patterns or practices of civil rights abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's attorney general, Sessions, appears to be moving in a different direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Local control and local accountability are necessary for effective local policing,\" Sessions wrote in his recent memo. \"It is not the responsibility of the federal government to manage non-federal law enforcement agencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observers say the move is a sign that Trump's Justice Department \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/03/522309537/justice-department-to-review-all-civil-rights-agreements-on-police-conduct\" target=\"_blank\">will scale back scrutiny of unconstitutional policing\u003c/a>, excessive force and other misconduct allegations.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"jpcWjjmq4dUXXuvUpmWn8DGckDWjeCOA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' memo is troubling, according to a former top DOJ official who expects the department to pull back from local police accountability work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Justice is retreating from its obligation to enforce the Constitution,\" said Jonathan Smith, the former head of the DOJ's Civil Rights Division, Special Litigation Section which conducts \"pattern-or-practice\" investigations and consent decrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think all the technical assistance and grant programs are on the table,\" said Smith, who is currently the executive director for the Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It does not bode well,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turman, though, says there is already strong local support for police reform in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is expected by the citizenry of San Francisco,” Turman said. “We are still going to push through with these measures, regardless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the job is not done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In certain areas we still need to bring the work,\" Turman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Police Chief William Scott is leading the effort. He brings experience enacting federally mandated police reform in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mayor Ed Lee and San Francisco Police Chief William Scott remain fully committed to implementing all of the reforms outlined in the CRI report, regardless of any changes with the Department of Justice,\" SFPD spokesman Officer Robert Rueca said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott recently asked for -- and received -- an extra 90 days before a federal assessment of the Police Department's progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/23/san-franciscos-new-police-chief-to-head-department-in-troubled-times/\" target=\"_blank\">took over the department in January\u003c/a>, and said last month that the extra three months were needed because of the recent change in leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in March, the Police Commission fired an officer in a bias-related case after Scott recommended he be let go. While details of the case are confidential, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/spfd-officer-fired-anti-muslim-text-message-example-departments-zero-tolerance-policy/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Examiner reported\u003c/a> Monday that it involved alleged anti-Muslim texting by the officer.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"NXhcWMb1w3AenChtZKOfyLStivx9FJ14\"]\u003cbr>\nIn March 2015 the department was shaken by the release of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">batch of racist, homophobic and sexist text messages\u003c/a> traded by officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that year, five SFPD officers shot and killed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods/\" target=\"_blank\">Mario Woods\u003c/a>, an African-American man holding a knife. The shooting was caught on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing/\" target=\"_blank\">video\u003c/a> by several bystanders and elevated criticism of the Police Department. Shortly after, then-Police Chief Greg Suhr called for the federal review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/suhr-resigns-after-series-of-fatal-officer-involved-shootings/\" target=\"_blank\">Suhr resigned\u003c/a> last May after another \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/s-f-police-shoot-kill-woman-after-confrontation-in-bayview/\" target=\"_blank\">police shooting that killed Jessica Williams\u003c/a>, an African-American woman.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Wednesday, 12:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president of San Francisco's Police Commission says that if the U.S. Justice Department ends its oversight of the SFPD, the city will move forward on its own to implement hundreds of reforms prompted by a series of fatal officer-involved shootings and racist text message scandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-orders-justice-department-to-review-all-police-reform-agreements/2017/04/03/ba934058-18bd-11e7-9887-1a5314b56a08_story.html?utm_term=.2b518e8b5f18\" target=\"_blank\">recently called\u003c/a> for the Justice Department to review federal oversight programs at play in local law enforcement agencies across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reaction has focused on the Justice Department's strongest form of intervention -- consent decrees enforced by federal courts, like in Baltimore and Ferguson, Missouri. But \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3535148/Consentdecreebaltimore.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Sessions' memo\u003c/a> also mentions review of \"technical assistance\" -- part of the DOJ's Collaborative Reform Initiative that is underway in San Francisco, among other major cities.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that review leads Justice Department officials to pull out of their work aimed at reforming the SFPD, local officials can do it alone, Police Commission President Julius Turman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The agreement between the San Francisco Police Department and the Justice Department may be done away with, but the reforms and measures, we're committed to,\" Turman said in an interview Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD is in the midst of implementing 272 federal recommendations aimed at reducing bias, improving accountability and changing the culture of the department through revamped hiring and training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work is overseen by the Justice Department's \u003ca href=\"https://cops.usdoj.gov/technicalassistance\" target=\"_blank\">Office of Community Oriented Policing Services\u003c/a>, or COPS office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That office unveiled a \u003ca href=\"https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0817-pub.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> in October following an eight-month review that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/12/federal-review-of-sfpd-finds-major-faults-in-every-area-assessed/\" target=\"_blank\">found\u003c/a> San Francisco's Police Department had \"concerning deficiencies in every operational area assessed,\" including use of force, bias and community policing, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report came during the last months of the Obama administration, which in recent years aggressively pursued federal intervention into police departments with alleged patterns or practices of civil rights abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's attorney general, Sessions, appears to be moving in a different direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Local control and local accountability are necessary for effective local policing,\" Sessions wrote in his recent memo. \"It is not the responsibility of the federal government to manage non-federal law enforcement agencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observers say the move is a sign that Trump's Justice Department \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/03/522309537/justice-department-to-review-all-civil-rights-agreements-on-police-conduct\" target=\"_blank\">will scale back scrutiny of unconstitutional policing\u003c/a>, excessive force and other misconduct allegations.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' memo is troubling, according to a former top DOJ official who expects the department to pull back from local police accountability work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Justice is retreating from its obligation to enforce the Constitution,\" said Jonathan Smith, the former head of the DOJ's Civil Rights Division, Special Litigation Section which conducts \"pattern-or-practice\" investigations and consent decrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think all the technical assistance and grant programs are on the table,\" said Smith, who is currently the executive director for the Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It does not bode well,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turman, though, says there is already strong local support for police reform in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is expected by the citizenry of San Francisco,” Turman said. “We are still going to push through with these measures, regardless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the job is not done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In certain areas we still need to bring the work,\" Turman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Police Chief William Scott is leading the effort. He brings experience enacting federally mandated police reform in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mayor Ed Lee and San Francisco Police Chief William Scott remain fully committed to implementing all of the reforms outlined in the CRI report, regardless of any changes with the Department of Justice,\" SFPD spokesman Officer Robert Rueca said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott recently asked for -- and received -- an extra 90 days before a federal assessment of the Police Department's progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/23/san-franciscos-new-police-chief-to-head-department-in-troubled-times/\" target=\"_blank\">took over the department in January\u003c/a>, and said last month that the extra three months were needed because of the recent change in leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in March, the Police Commission fired an officer in a bias-related case after Scott recommended he be let go. While details of the case are confidential, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/spfd-officer-fired-anti-muslim-text-message-example-departments-zero-tolerance-policy/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Examiner reported\u003c/a> Monday that it involved alleged anti-Muslim texting by the officer.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nIn March 2015 the department was shaken by the release of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">batch of racist, homophobic and sexist text messages\u003c/a> traded by officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that year, five SFPD officers shot and killed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods/\" target=\"_blank\">Mario Woods\u003c/a>, an African-American man holding a knife. The shooting was caught on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing/\" target=\"_blank\">video\u003c/a> by several bystanders and elevated criticism of the Police Department. Shortly after, then-Police Chief Greg Suhr called for the federal review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/suhr-resigns-after-series-of-fatal-officer-involved-shootings/\" target=\"_blank\">Suhr resigned\u003c/a> last May after another \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/s-f-police-shoot-kill-woman-after-confrontation-in-bayview/\" target=\"_blank\">police shooting that killed Jessica Williams\u003c/a>, an African-American woman.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
"closealltabs": {
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
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