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"content": "\u003cp>When her youngest daughter, Olivia, was in middle school, Mary watched her disappear behind a screen. (Names have been changed to protect the family's identities). Her once bubbly daughter went from hanging out with a few close friends after school to isolating in her room for hours at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She started just laying there not moving and just being on the phone,\" says Mary. \"I was at a loss about what to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I got the idea to overdose online. I was researching how many pills I had to take to die.'\u003ccite>Olivia, 13\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Olivia had always been kind of a nerd, a straight-A student who sang in a competitive choir. But she desperately wanted to be popular, and the cool kids talked \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> about their latest YouTube favorites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started trying to watch as many videos as I could, so, like, I knew as much as they did,” says Olivia. “The second I got out of school, I was checking my phone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At her house in the Oakland hills, Olivia would dart to her room, where she’d curl up until after dark, watching video after video. When she finally emerged, she says, she was often bleary-eyed, hazy and slightly wired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary says she was walking on eggshells around her daughter; Olivia was often in a foul mood and quick to anger after staring at her small screen for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Videos Turn Violent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, Olivia started watching videos of girls fighting each other. They'd pull each other's hair, scratch violently and sometimes knock each other out. Olivia and her friends rooted for certain fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it was just fun to watch because they would make me laugh,\" Olivia recalls. \"And at that time I was having a pretty hard time dealing with depression and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia’s parents were arguing a lot and she wasn’t connecting with her dad at all. Then her grandmother died. For the first time in her life, it was tough to keep up with school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"GyRdLxMHzfLU2EZ6BrI84PTmEB6oG8LQ\"]“She woke up one morning really depressed, and I brought her to the hospital,\" Mary says, lowering her eyes. Olivia had received a poor grade on a test and told her mom she wanted to hang herself, so she spent nearly a week at a psychiatric hospital under suicide watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was released, she started clicking on how-to videos about ways to commit suicide. “I got the idea to overdose online,\" says Olivia. \"I was researching how many pills I had to take to die.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks later, she ended up in the hospital again after downing a bottle of Tylenol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was home alone and we had been told to lock it up, but we just didn’t think this would ever happen,\" says Mary, who is now in tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia's parents were shattered, and desperate to find a way to help their daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_375516\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-375516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia plugged in to all her devices. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia, plugged in to all her devices. \u003ccite>(Paradigm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Road to Recovery \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Olivia was released from her second hospital stay, her family checked her into an addiction recovery center for teens called \u003ca href=\"http://paradigmsanfrancisco.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paradigm\u003c/a>. The high-end facility is a converted mansion at the end of a winding road in San Rafael. The family is tapping their retirement accounts to pay the $60,000 fee for Olivia’s six-week, in-patient stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Nalin, head psychologist and co-founder of Paradigm, has been treating teens for substance abuse for more than 20 years. In the last few, he says, he’s seen an increasing number of cases similar to Olivia's. She was diagnosed with depression that led to compulsive internet use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teens are using smartphones and tablets for the same reasons they’d turn to hard drugs \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">to numb themselves from what’s really going on inside, he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I describe a lot of the kids that we see as having just stuck a cork in the volcano,” says Nalin. “Underneath there's this rumbling going on, but it just rumbles and rumbles until it blows. And it blows with the emergence of a depression or it emerges with a suicide attempt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most teens come to Paradigm because they've hit bottom in the same way an addict will. But the treatment for internet addiction is trickier, because you can’t really function in today's society without interacting with the digital world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best analogy is when you have something like an eating disorder,\" says Nalin. \"You cannot be clean and sober from food. So, you have to learn the skills to deal with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Does Obsession Become Addiction?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital addictions, whether to social media, video games, texting, shopping or pornography, are not official mental disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). But researchers see the same patterns in digital addictions as in other substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Addiction begins with intermittent to recreational use, then progresses into daily use, and then progresses into consequential use, which in some cases will progress to life-threatening use,” says Anna Lembke, a Stanford University psychiatrist and addiction expert. “That’s followed by a pattern of consequences like insomnia, dysfunctional relationships and absent days at work or school. That’s the natural narrative arc of any addiction, and the same is true with an internet addiction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are studies that have looked at people's brains while they're online, and their brains start looking like those of someone who has a substance use disorder. Similar pathways seem activated.'\u003ccite>Elias Aboujaoude,\u003cbr>\nStanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>China has labeled internet addiction as a mental disorder, and that's surprising \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>historically the Chinese have called addiction a moral failing rather than a clinical disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts attribute China's change in attitude to the widespread involvement of middle- and upper-class Chinese adolescents in addictive behavior. “A little like our opioid addiction here,\" says Lembke. \"People say no one cared about the opioid epidemic until it affected white suburban kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke predicts internet addiction will become a validated clinical diagnosis in the U.S. as more and more cases mirror Olivia’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, a psychiatrist and the director of Stanford's Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Clinic, says there’s also increasing physiological evidence that the internet is addictive. “There are studies that have looked at people's brains while they're online, and their brains start looking like those of someone who has a substance abuse disorder. Similar pathways seem activated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also says feel-good brain chemicals like dopamine that spike in a heroin addict also become elevated in people who compulsively use the internet. Tolerance also builds, says Aboujaoude, just as it does with hard drugs. “People needing more and more time on a particular online video game, for example, to get the same kind of euphoric feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists are still studying whether it is the internet itself that is addictive or specific behaviors people engage in while online, like shopping, video games, pornography and gambling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My view is that it is both,\" says Aboujaoude. \"These behaviors have long been known to be addictive, but the internet, in part by making them so easily accessible, changes the equation and increases the likelihood that they will become addictive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts compare internet addiction to gambling addiction. Even though most of the time when you sit in front of a slot machine you don’t win, every once in a while you do. And that intermittent reward is what hooks people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about your own devices. Most of the time when your phone dings, the notification is about something trivial, but every once in a while it's meaningful \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>like an alert that someone has tagged you in a Facebook photo. Experts say that kind of message is irresistible.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If we see kids playing video games or watching YouTube videos, in our eyes it’s as if they’re wasting their time and not being productive ... But for that generation, that’s their pixelated playground.\u003ccite>Patrick Markey, professor of psychology, Villanova University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Still, not everyone is convinced that \"addiction\" is the right way to think about this compulsion. \u003ca href=\"http://www.stetson.edu/other/faculty/profiles/christopher-ferguson.php\">Chris Ferguson\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Stetson University, believes moral panic is fueling the rush to label the problem an addiction. \"Sometimes with new technology you see these heightened claims of harm, these exaggerated focuses on the detriment of the new media.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://interpersonalresearch.weebly.com/dr-patrick-markey.html\">Patrick Markey\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at Villanova University, agrees that society should go slow in using the \"addiction\" label. He worries some researchers are casting an age bias on younger generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we see kids playing video games or watching YouTube videos, in our eyes it's as if they're wasting their time and not being productive,\" Markey says. \"We might want them to be outside playing baseball or something, but for that generation that's their pixelated playground. It might not be a sign of a pathological behavior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markey acknowledges it's possible to spend too much time interacting with a screen. But both he and Ferguson believe that spending long hours on the internet falls into the same category as other behaviors that healthy people can overindulge in — like sex, food, exercise, religion and work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no agreement about whether these pathological behavioral disorders are really the same things as substance abuse addictions,\" says Ferguson. \"But in my opinion they're not comparable to, say, methamphetamine addiction or heroin addiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Crusade for Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as researchers debate whether the internet is clinically addictive, many if not most of us feel tethered to our devices. That's not a coincidence. Tech companies are invested in hooking people into spending more and more time online, and they're getting better and better at it, says Tristan Harris, a former design ethicist at Google. His job, he says, was to help the company create products that \u003cem>weren't\u003c/em> inherently manipulative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the Facebook news feed, it's not just some neutral thing,\" Harris explains. \"That’s powered by massive farms of computers who are calculating with Ph.D.s and large data sets: how I can get you to scroll.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris quit Google to form a nonprofit called \u003ca href=\"http://www.timewellspent.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Time Well Spent\u003c/a>, because, he says, he was disgusted by the tech industry’s race for our attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never before in history have a handful of technology designers working at three tech companies influenced how a billion people spend their attention,” Harris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's on a crusade to inspire Facebook, Google and Apple to design products that don’t deliberately manipulate kids like Olivia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Paradigm, Olivia is getting ready for a session with her therapist, who will help her integrate her devices back into her life. Olivia says she’s petrified to check her Instagram and Snapchat accounts when she powers up her phone for the first time. “I'm worried about when I do go back on my phone what’s going to be there,\" Olivia says in a trembling voice. \"What have people been sending me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she returns to school this week, Olivia says she doesn't plan to isolate herself again. In fact, she's asked her mom to restrict her phone use, so that she can't use the phone when she's alone. Instead, she’ll be talking to her therapist about what's going in her life, in outpatient treatment after school four days a week, for at least another month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A teenaged girl turned to online videos to be like the cool kids. Here's the story of what went wrong, and a look at whether compulsive internet use is really an addiction.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When her youngest daughter, Olivia, was in middle school, Mary watched her disappear behind a screen. (Names have been changed to protect the family's identities). Her once bubbly daughter went from hanging out with a few close friends after school to isolating in her room for hours at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She started just laying there not moving and just being on the phone,\" says Mary. \"I was at a loss about what to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I got the idea to overdose online. I was researching how many pills I had to take to die.'\u003ccite>Olivia, 13\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Olivia had always been kind of a nerd, a straight-A student who sang in a competitive choir. But she desperately wanted to be popular, and the cool kids talked \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> about their latest YouTube favorites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started trying to watch as many videos as I could, so, like, I knew as much as they did,” says Olivia. “The second I got out of school, I was checking my phone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At her house in the Oakland hills, Olivia would dart to her room, where she’d curl up until after dark, watching video after video. When she finally emerged, she says, she was often bleary-eyed, hazy and slightly wired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mary says she was walking on eggshells around her daughter; Olivia was often in a foul mood and quick to anger after staring at her small screen for hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Videos Turn Violent\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, Olivia started watching videos of girls fighting each other. They'd pull each other's hair, scratch violently and sometimes knock each other out. Olivia and her friends rooted for certain fighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it was just fun to watch because they would make me laugh,\" Olivia recalls. \"And at that time I was having a pretty hard time dealing with depression and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia’s parents were arguing a lot and she wasn’t connecting with her dad at all. Then her grandmother died. For the first time in her life, it was tough to keep up with school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“She woke up one morning really depressed, and I brought her to the hospital,\" Mary says, lowering her eyes. Olivia had received a poor grade on a test and told her mom she wanted to hang herself, so she spent nearly a week at a psychiatric hospital under suicide watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she was released, she started clicking on how-to videos about ways to commit suicide. “I got the idea to overdose online,\" says Olivia. \"I was researching how many pills I had to take to die.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three weeks later, she ended up in the hospital again after downing a bottle of Tylenol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She was home alone and we had been told to lock it up, but we just didn’t think this would ever happen,\" says Mary, who is now in tears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia's parents were shattered, and desperate to find a way to help their daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_375516\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-375516\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Olivia plugged in to all her devices. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/04/Olivia-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Olivia, plugged in to all her devices. \u003ccite>(Paradigm)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Road to Recovery \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Olivia was released from her second hospital stay, her family checked her into an addiction recovery center for teens called \u003ca href=\"http://paradigmsanfrancisco.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paradigm\u003c/a>. The high-end facility is a converted mansion at the end of a winding road in San Rafael. The family is tapping their retirement accounts to pay the $60,000 fee for Olivia’s six-week, in-patient stay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Nalin, head psychologist and co-founder of Paradigm, has been treating teens for substance abuse for more than 20 years. In the last few, he says, he’s seen an increasing number of cases similar to Olivia's. She was diagnosed with depression that led to compulsive internet use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teens are using smartphones and tablets for the same reasons they’d turn to hard drugs \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">to numb themselves from what’s really going on inside, he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I describe a lot of the kids that we see as having just stuck a cork in the volcano,” says Nalin. “Underneath there's this rumbling going on, but it just rumbles and rumbles until it blows. And it blows with the emergence of a depression or it emerges with a suicide attempt.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most teens come to Paradigm because they've hit bottom in the same way an addict will. But the treatment for internet addiction is trickier, because you can’t really function in today's society without interacting with the digital world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The best analogy is when you have something like an eating disorder,\" says Nalin. \"You cannot be clean and sober from food. So, you have to learn the skills to deal with it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Does Obsession Become Addiction?\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Digital addictions, whether to social media, video games, texting, shopping or pornography, are not official mental disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). But researchers see the same patterns in digital addictions as in other substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Addiction begins with intermittent to recreational use, then progresses into daily use, and then progresses into consequential use, which in some cases will progress to life-threatening use,” says Anna Lembke, a Stanford University psychiatrist and addiction expert. “That’s followed by a pattern of consequences like insomnia, dysfunctional relationships and absent days at work or school. That’s the natural narrative arc of any addiction, and the same is true with an internet addiction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are studies that have looked at people's brains while they're online, and their brains start looking like those of someone who has a substance use disorder. Similar pathways seem activated.'\u003ccite>Elias Aboujaoude,\u003cbr>\nStanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>China has labeled internet addiction as a mental disorder, and that's surprising \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>historically the Chinese have called addiction a moral failing rather than a clinical disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts attribute China's change in attitude to the widespread involvement of middle- and upper-class Chinese adolescents in addictive behavior. “A little like our opioid addiction here,\" says Lembke. \"People say no one cared about the opioid epidemic until it affected white suburban kids.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lembke predicts internet addiction will become a validated clinical diagnosis in the U.S. as more and more cases mirror Olivia’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, a psychiatrist and the director of Stanford's Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Clinic, says there’s also increasing physiological evidence that the internet is addictive. “There are studies that have looked at people's brains while they're online, and their brains start looking like those of someone who has a substance abuse disorder. Similar pathways seem activated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also says feel-good brain chemicals like dopamine that spike in a heroin addict also become elevated in people who compulsively use the internet. Tolerance also builds, says Aboujaoude, just as it does with hard drugs. “People needing more and more time on a particular online video game, for example, to get the same kind of euphoric feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psychologists are still studying whether it is the internet itself that is addictive or specific behaviors people engage in while online, like shopping, video games, pornography and gambling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My view is that it is both,\" says Aboujaoude. \"These behaviors have long been known to be addictive, but the internet, in part by making them so easily accessible, changes the equation and increases the likelihood that they will become addictive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some experts compare internet addiction to gambling addiction. Even though most of the time when you sit in front of a slot machine you don’t win, every once in a while you do. And that intermittent reward is what hooks people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about your own devices. Most of the time when your phone dings, the notification is about something trivial, but every once in a while it's meaningful \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">— \u003c/span>like an alert that someone has tagged you in a Facebook photo. Experts say that kind of message is irresistible.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'If we see kids playing video games or watching YouTube videos, in our eyes it’s as if they’re wasting their time and not being productive ... But for that generation, that’s their pixelated playground.\u003ccite>Patrick Markey, professor of psychology, Villanova University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Still, not everyone is convinced that \"addiction\" is the right way to think about this compulsion. \u003ca href=\"http://www.stetson.edu/other/faculty/profiles/christopher-ferguson.php\">Chris Ferguson\u003c/a>, a psychologist at Stetson University, believes moral panic is fueling the rush to label the problem an addiction. \"Sometimes with new technology you see these heightened claims of harm, these exaggerated focuses on the detriment of the new media.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://interpersonalresearch.weebly.com/dr-patrick-markey.html\">Patrick Markey\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at Villanova University, agrees that society should go slow in using the \"addiction\" label. He worries some researchers are casting an age bias on younger generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we see kids playing video games or watching YouTube videos, in our eyes it's as if they're wasting their time and not being productive,\" Markey says. \"We might want them to be outside playing baseball or something, but for that generation that's their pixelated playground. It might not be a sign of a pathological behavior.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Markey acknowledges it's possible to spend too much time interacting with a screen. But both he and Ferguson believe that spending long hours on the internet falls into the same category as other behaviors that healthy people can overindulge in — like sex, food, exercise, religion and work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no agreement about whether these pathological behavioral disorders are really the same things as substance abuse addictions,\" says Ferguson. \"But in my opinion they're not comparable to, say, methamphetamine addiction or heroin addiction.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Crusade for Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as researchers debate whether the internet is clinically addictive, many if not most of us feel tethered to our devices. That's not a coincidence. Tech companies are invested in hooking people into spending more and more time online, and they're getting better and better at it, says Tristan Harris, a former design ethicist at Google. His job, he says, was to help the company create products that \u003cem>weren't\u003c/em> inherently manipulative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you look at the Facebook news feed, it's not just some neutral thing,\" Harris explains. \"That’s powered by massive farms of computers who are calculating with Ph.D.s and large data sets: how I can get you to scroll.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris quit Google to form a nonprofit called \u003ca href=\"http://www.timewellspent.io/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Time Well Spent\u003c/a>, because, he says, he was disgusted by the tech industry’s race for our attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never before in history have a handful of technology designers working at three tech companies influenced how a billion people spend their attention,” Harris says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's on a crusade to inspire Facebook, Google and Apple to design products that don’t deliberately manipulate kids like Olivia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at Paradigm, Olivia is getting ready for a session with her therapist, who will help her integrate her devices back into her life. Olivia says she’s petrified to check her Instagram and Snapchat accounts when she powers up her phone for the first time. “I'm worried about when I do go back on my phone what’s going to be there,\" Olivia says in a trembling voice. \"What have people been sending me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she returns to school this week, Olivia says she doesn't plan to isolate herself again. In fact, she's asked her mom to restrict her phone use, so that she can't use the phone when she's alone. Instead, she’ll be talking to her therapist about what's going in her life, in outpatient treatment after school four days a week, for at least another month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Twenty-two BART cars break down suddenly on a stretch of track between the North Concord and Pittsburg-Bay Point stations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the scenario last Friday. And if it sounds familiar, it's because a little more than a year ago, about \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/17/bart-power-problem-damages-50-cars-adds-to-crowding-and-delays/\" target=\"_blank\">50 BART cars were knocked out of service\u003c/a> by mystifying electrical spikes that occurred in the same area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART said Monday that its engineers have concluded that Friday's incident is similar to the one that occurred last year: Electricity jumped from the third rail and fried equipment on the cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART spokesperson Jim Allison said that section of track is especially prone to electrical surges. The trains there draw a lot of power to get over Willow Pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison says the third rail there approaches 1,250 volts, \"near the high end\" of BART's acceptable range of voltage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers believe that the power surges seen Friday were made more likely by metallic dust on the tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This metallic dust basically creates a pathway for the electricity to jump,\" Allison said. \"And when it does that, it damages the semiconductor parts on the underside of the cars.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust was left behind by recent rail-grinding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the last three weeks we've been grinding between North Concord and Pittsburg stations four nights a week,\" says Allison. \"So what we're surmising is that this buildup of the dust there, and combined with the extra juice that they were getting from the third rail, that's what created the problems on Friday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, BART has turned down the power. Allison says that since Friday night, that stretch of track has gotten 5 percent less voltage than before. He says that the speed of service has not been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART is taking another measure to reduce the risk of surprise electrical spikes. The agency is ordering a pair of giant magnets to attach to maintenance vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Now, when crews go out to grind and smooth the rails, the magnets will attract the resulting metallic dust.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twenty-two BART cars break down suddenly on a stretch of track between the North Concord and Pittsburg-Bay Point stations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was the scenario last Friday. And if it sounds familiar, it's because a little more than a year ago, about \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/03/17/bart-power-problem-damages-50-cars-adds-to-crowding-and-delays/\" target=\"_blank\">50 BART cars were knocked out of service\u003c/a> by mystifying electrical spikes that occurred in the same area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART said Monday that its engineers have concluded that Friday's incident is similar to the one that occurred last year: Electricity jumped from the third rail and fried equipment on the cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART spokesperson Jim Allison said that section of track is especially prone to electrical surges. The trains there draw a lot of power to get over Willow Pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allison says the third rail there approaches 1,250 volts, \"near the high end\" of BART's acceptable range of voltage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Engineers believe that the power surges seen Friday were made more likely by metallic dust on the tracks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This metallic dust basically creates a pathway for the electricity to jump,\" Allison said. \"And when it does that, it damages the semiconductor parts on the underside of the cars.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust was left behind by recent rail-grinding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the last three weeks we've been grinding between North Concord and Pittsburg stations four nights a week,\" says Allison. \"So what we're surmising is that this buildup of the dust there, and combined with the extra juice that they were getting from the third rail, that's what created the problems on Friday.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, BART has turned down the power. Allison says that since Friday night, that stretch of track has gotten 5 percent less voltage than before. He says that the speed of service has not been affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BART is taking another measure to reduce the risk of surprise electrical spikes. The agency is ordering a pair of giant magnets to attach to maintenance vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> Now, when crews go out to grind and smooth the rails, the magnets will attract the resulting metallic dust.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering several bills to improve and expand access to Denti-Cal, the state’s troubled dental program for low-income people — including ones that would draw from the state’s new tobacco tax to boost dentists’ pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Bill 753, introduced by Assemblywoman Anna Caballero (D-Salinas), would direct money from the state’s new tobacco tax to broaden access to Denti-Cal, which for years has been faulted in state and federal reports. The bill will be heard in the Assembly Committee on Health on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2014 California state auditor’s report showed that fewer than half of the children eligible for Denti-Cal benefits actually saw a dentist in the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say access to care suffers because Denti-Cal payments to dentists are so low that many can’t afford to participate in the program. The auditor’s report also found that Denti-Cal payments for the most common procedures averaged $21.60, about 35 percent of the national average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the next fiscal year, Caballero’s bill would earmark $300 million of the almost $1.2 billion expected in new Medi-Cal funding from the state’s tobacco tax revenues. In future years, the bill would require at least 15 percent of those revenues to be spent on Denti-Cal services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the money would go toward boosting payments to dentists who provide preventive services to adults, such as regular teeth cleanings. A program known as the Dental Transformation Initiative, funded by both state and federal dollars, offers extra money to dentists for children’s preventive services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caballero said she believes California voters who approved the tobacco tax last year wanted the money to be used to improve underfunded programs like Denti-Cal. “We want to make sure that this intent is kept alive,” Caballero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caballero represents a largely rural district that includes the Salinas Valley, San Benito County and Watsonville. She said there are not enough dentists overall in the region, let alone ones who can afford to see Denti-Cal patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. John Blake runs the Children’s Dental Health Clinic in Long Beach, where 85 percent of the patients are on Denti-Cal. Blake said Caballero’s legislation is a good start, although it probably is not enough to draw more dentists into the program, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative would help fill gaps in preventive care, he said, but adults may have serious dental disease and dentists would find themselves in a difficult position if they detected it during basic cleaning and screening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The adult population is a different beast from a treatment standpoint,” Blake said. “We’ve done all this cleaning, but now we need root canals and extractions…how do we cover this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caballero’s bill would also require that some of the tobacco tax money be used to increase payments to dentists for the 20 most common dental procedures for children, such as X-rays and fillings. This would supplement and expand efforts by the Dental Transformation Initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill, AB 15, introduced by Republicans late last year, would require that Denti-Cal rates be doubled for the 15 most common prevention and treatment services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake said most dentists ask only that Denti-Cal payments match the national median rate, and that’s not taking into account that California tends to have higher living and business costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using tobacco tax money to improve Denti-Cal makes sense, Blake said. That was the intent of the proposition to better Medi-Cal, including its dental program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d certainly like to see that honored,” Blake said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 15 cleared the Assembly Health Committee last month and next will be heard by the Assembly’s Committee on Appropriations. A hearing date has not yet been set.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California lawmakers are considering several bills to improve and expand access to Denti-Cal, the state’s troubled dental program for low-income people — including ones that would draw from the state’s new tobacco tax to boost dentists’ pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assembly Bill 753, introduced by Assemblywoman Anna Caballero (D-Salinas), would direct money from the state’s new tobacco tax to broaden access to Denti-Cal, which for years has been faulted in state and federal reports. The bill will be heard in the Assembly Committee on Health on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2014 California state auditor’s report showed that fewer than half of the children eligible for Denti-Cal benefits actually saw a dentist in the previous year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say access to care suffers because Denti-Cal payments to dentists are so low that many can’t afford to participate in the program. The auditor’s report also found that Denti-Cal payments for the most common procedures averaged $21.60, about 35 percent of the national average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the next fiscal year, Caballero’s bill would earmark $300 million of the almost $1.2 billion expected in new Medi-Cal funding from the state’s tobacco tax revenues. In future years, the bill would require at least 15 percent of those revenues to be spent on Denti-Cal services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the money would go toward boosting payments to dentists who provide preventive services to adults, such as regular teeth cleanings. A program known as the Dental Transformation Initiative, funded by both state and federal dollars, offers extra money to dentists for children’s preventive services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caballero said she believes California voters who approved the tobacco tax last year wanted the money to be used to improve underfunded programs like Denti-Cal. “We want to make sure that this intent is kept alive,” Caballero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caballero represents a largely rural district that includes the Salinas Valley, San Benito County and Watsonville. She said there are not enough dentists overall in the region, let alone ones who can afford to see Denti-Cal patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. John Blake runs the Children’s Dental Health Clinic in Long Beach, where 85 percent of the patients are on Denti-Cal. Blake said Caballero’s legislation is a good start, although it probably is not enough to draw more dentists into the program, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative would help fill gaps in preventive care, he said, but adults may have serious dental disease and dentists would find themselves in a difficult position if they detected it during basic cleaning and screening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The adult population is a different beast from a treatment standpoint,” Blake said. “We’ve done all this cleaning, but now we need root canals and extractions…how do we cover this?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caballero’s bill would also require that some of the tobacco tax money be used to increase payments to dentists for the 20 most common dental procedures for children, such as X-rays and fillings. This would supplement and expand efforts by the Dental Transformation Initiative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another bill, AB 15, introduced by Republicans late last year, would require that Denti-Cal rates be doubled for the 15 most common prevention and treatment services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake said most dentists ask only that Denti-Cal payments match the national median rate, and that’s not taking into account that California tends to have higher living and business costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using tobacco tax money to improve Denti-Cal makes sense, Blake said. That was the intent of the proposition to better Medi-Cal, including its dental program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d certainly like to see that honored,” Blake said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 15 cleared the Assembly Health Committee last month and next will be heard by the Assembly’s Committee on Appropriations. A hearing date has not yet been set.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "It’s Feinstein vs. Hecklers at Town Hall in S.F. | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>At her first large town hall meeting with constituents in recent memory, Sen. Dianne Feinstein on Monday endured hecklers and protesters who pushed her to take stronger positions against President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred people filed into the Scottish Rite Masonic Center in San Francisco, where the senator answered questions from people chosen at random. The topics included Syria, the environment, health care and alleged corruption in the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At times Feinstein grew impatient with one activist shouting over her remarks about Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, if you believe you know more than I do about it, then you go right ahead, that’s fine with me,” Feinstein said. “But if you want me to speak, you’re going to have to let me speak.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein, who is known for old-school civility, at times sounded like a school teacher lecturing her students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anything needs to get voted on, you need the votes,” Feinstein said, as she was pushed to advocate favorite progressive policies like single-payer health care. “So you can sit here and pound your fists, and I can show you what I’ve gotten done. And I would be surprised if you could find too many more senators who have gotten more done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-18a-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Indivisible-800x600.jpg\" Title=\"It's Feinstein vs. Hecklers at Town Hall in S.F.\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, several in the crowd said they want Feinstein to speak out more boldly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no voice, so we need \u003cem>them\u003c/em> to be bold,” said Christine Huff from Martinez. “Even if it doesn’t amount to legislation that goes our way, we’re yelling and screaming and we’re furious. They need to show that fury, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francesca Wander agreed, saying, “She (Feinstein) needs to do what Maxine Waters does and what Kamala Harris is doing and what Barbara Lee does, God bless her. She needs to show the force of her position and speak her voice and speak it loudly and clearly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that Feinstein has been a fixture in San Francisco politics since the 1970s, you wouldn’t think a town hall meeting with California’s senior senator before a hometown crowd would matter much. But the election of Donald Trump as president has turned conventional politics upside down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since January, town hall gatherings by members of Congress, even in Republican districts, have been dominated by Democrats energized by Trump’s stunning victory and threats they perceive from his agenda on health care, immigration, the environment and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”u9gkrD10SBr2mdG5G5MNPw3S4sex9RbA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein doesn’t hold many question-and-answer events that are as freewheeling and potentially messy as this one. She tends to stick to sessions in controlled public policy-type settings, like recent gatherings sponsored by the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein appears to be running for re-election to the seat she’s held since 1992, and while \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/04/is-feinsteins-age-an-issue-many-voters-think-so/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">polls\u003c/a> show her popularity remains intact, voters also express concerns that she’ll be 85 years old on Election Day 2018. Asked after the event if she still intended to run for another term, Feinstein was coy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One sign in the audience urged East Bay congresswoman Barbara Lee to run for the U.S. Senate. When asked afterward about it, Feinstein said, “One sign doesn’t quite do it, does it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But who knows? An open race, if she wants to run, she’s free to run just as I’m free to run.” Does she have a timeline for a formal announcement? Feinstein said only, “You’ll find out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/los-angeles-town-hall-with-senator-dianne-feinstein-tickets-33596127923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second town hall\u003c/a> meeting Thursday in Los Angeles. It is sold out, too. First-term California Sen. Kamala Harris will also hold a town hall on Friday in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At her first large town hall meeting with constituents in recent memory, Sen. Dianne Feinstein on Monday endured hecklers and protesters who pushed her to take stronger positions against President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several hundred people filed into the Scottish Rite Masonic Center in San Francisco, where the senator answered questions from people chosen at random. The topics included Syria, the environment, health care and alleged corruption in the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At times Feinstein grew impatient with one activist shouting over her remarks about Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK, if you believe you know more than I do about it, then you go right ahead, that’s fine with me,” Feinstein said. “But if you want me to speak, you’re going to have to let me speak.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein, who is known for old-school civility, at times sounded like a school teacher lecturing her students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If anything needs to get voted on, you need the votes,” Feinstein said, as she was pushed to advocate favorite progressive policies like single-payer health care. “So you can sit here and pound your fists, and I can show you what I’ve gotten done. And I would be surprised if you could find too many more senators who have gotten more done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, several in the crowd said they want Feinstein to speak out more boldly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no voice, so we need \u003cem>them\u003c/em> to be bold,” said Christine Huff from Martinez. “Even if it doesn’t amount to legislation that goes our way, we’re yelling and screaming and we’re furious. They need to show that fury, too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francesca Wander agreed, saying, “She (Feinstein) needs to do what Maxine Waters does and what Kamala Harris is doing and what Barbara Lee does, God bless her. She needs to show the force of her position and speak her voice and speak it loudly and clearly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that Feinstein has been a fixture in San Francisco politics since the 1970s, you wouldn’t think a town hall meeting with California’s senior senator before a hometown crowd would matter much. But the election of Donald Trump as president has turned conventional politics upside down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since January, town hall gatherings by members of Congress, even in Republican districts, have been dominated by Democrats energized by Trump’s stunning victory and threats they perceive from his agenda on health care, immigration, the environment and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein doesn’t hold many question-and-answer events that are as freewheeling and potentially messy as this one. She tends to stick to sessions in controlled public policy-type settings, like recent gatherings sponsored by the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein appears to be running for re-election to the seat she’s held since 1992, and while \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/04/is-feinsteins-age-an-issue-many-voters-think-so/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">polls\u003c/a> show her popularity remains intact, voters also express concerns that she’ll be 85 years old on Election Day 2018. Asked after the event if she still intended to run for another term, Feinstein was coy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One sign in the audience urged East Bay congresswoman Barbara Lee to run for the U.S. Senate. When asked afterward about it, Feinstein said, “One sign doesn’t quite do it, does it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But who knows? An open race, if she wants to run, she’s free to run just as I’m free to run.” Does she have a timeline for a formal announcement? Feinstein said only, “You’ll find out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senator has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/los-angeles-town-hall-with-senator-dianne-feinstein-tickets-33596127923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second town hall\u003c/a> meeting Thursday in Los Angeles. It is sold out, too. First-term California Sen. Kamala Harris will also hold a town hall on Friday in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Prosecutors in Monterey County have \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3671887-Czirban-Complaint.html\" target=\"_blank\">filed seven criminal counts\u003c/a> against the small construction firm that employed Robert Reagan, the bulldozer operator killed last July while working the massive Soberanes Fire, the costliest wildfire in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reagan's death prompted investigations by\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_blank\"> Cal Fire\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/14/calosha-cites-contractors-over-soberanes-fire-casualties/\" target=\"_blank\">state workplace regulators\u003c/a>, as well as the state agency that keeps tabs on California's construction industry. The incident led to a wrongful death \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/22/family-of-bulldozer-operator-killed-in-soberanes-fire-suing-california/\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit \u003c/a>against the state. And it brought attention to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/17/casualties-in-big-sur-blaze-point-to-hazards-of-wildfire-gig-economy/\" target=\"_blank\">vulnerabilities faced by hundreds of private contractors\u003c/a> that help battle California's wildfires year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monterey County District Attorney's Office is charging Ian Czirban, the owner of Czirban Concrete Construction, with two counts of insurance fraud, two counts of filing a forged document, tax evasion, failure to collect taxes and failure to provide workers' compensation insurance. Six of the seven charges are felonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are alleging that he submitted documents to government agencies that contained false or forged information,\" said Ed Hazel, Monterey County managing deputy district attorney, in an interview Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"sYYoLKeXHUtPQ5ilYYlTN364JDYsla6G\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban also submitted documents to an insurance carrier that contained false information, according to Hazel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most serious offense, the insurance fraud charge, carries a maximum of five years in state prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Attorney Dean Flippo filed the criminal complaint on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban has not been arrested. Prosecutors have sent him a \"notice to appear\" for arraignment in Monterey County Superior Court in Salinas on May 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justin Reden, a lawyer who has represented Czirban in the past, has yet to return KQED's calls for comment. Ian Czirban could not be reached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban's lawyers have argued that he was not required to carry workers' compensation insurance and that Cal Fire, not the company, was responsible for Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges come after state regulators moved to bar the company from working in California. The Contractors State License Board (CSLB) announced in March that the firm \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/prosecutors-launch-investigation-into-contractor-tied-to-soberanes-fire-bulldozer-death/\" target=\"_blank\">violated three state regulations\u003c/a> in connection with its work on the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"WeuetW8VXTJCAcqVMzOFlIbeibWrUSO7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Soberanes Fire prompted the investigation by the CSLB, which referred the case to the Monterey County DA's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They let us know that Mr. Czirban potentially did not have workers' compensation insurance when this incident occurred,\" Hazel said. That led to an investigation that revealed more crimes, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of the prosecution came the same day that KQED published a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/17/casualties-in-big-sur-blaze-point-to-hazards-of-wildfire-gig-economy/\" target=\"_blank\">story \u003c/a>that delved into the dangers private contractors face as Cal Fire and the U.S. Forest Service rely on them to help battle wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation revealed that some of the people who work in what amounts to a wildfire gig economy regularly face potentially deadly conditions with little or no guarantee of basic protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Czirban, a private company that hired a water tender driver seriously injured in the Soberanes Fire also did not have workers' compensation insurance.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Prosecutors in Monterey County have \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3671887-Czirban-Complaint.html\" target=\"_blank\">filed seven criminal counts\u003c/a> against the small construction firm that employed Robert Reagan, the bulldozer operator killed last July while working the massive Soberanes Fire, the costliest wildfire in U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reagan's death prompted investigations by\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_blank\"> Cal Fire\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/14/calosha-cites-contractors-over-soberanes-fire-casualties/\" target=\"_blank\">state workplace regulators\u003c/a>, as well as the state agency that keeps tabs on California's construction industry. The incident led to a wrongful death \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/22/family-of-bulldozer-operator-killed-in-soberanes-fire-suing-california/\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit \u003c/a>against the state. And it brought attention to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/17/casualties-in-big-sur-blaze-point-to-hazards-of-wildfire-gig-economy/\" target=\"_blank\">vulnerabilities faced by hundreds of private contractors\u003c/a> that help battle California's wildfires year after year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Monterey County District Attorney's Office is charging Ian Czirban, the owner of Czirban Concrete Construction, with two counts of insurance fraud, two counts of filing a forged document, tax evasion, failure to collect taxes and failure to provide workers' compensation insurance. Six of the seven charges are felonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are alleging that he submitted documents to government agencies that contained false or forged information,\" said Ed Hazel, Monterey County managing deputy district attorney, in an interview Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban also submitted documents to an insurance carrier that contained false information, according to Hazel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most serious offense, the insurance fraud charge, carries a maximum of five years in state prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District Attorney Dean Flippo filed the criminal complaint on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban has not been arrested. Prosecutors have sent him a \"notice to appear\" for arraignment in Monterey County Superior Court in Salinas on May 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justin Reden, a lawyer who has represented Czirban in the past, has yet to return KQED's calls for comment. Ian Czirban could not be reached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban's lawyers have argued that he was not required to carry workers' compensation insurance and that Cal Fire, not the company, was responsible for Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges come after state regulators moved to bar the company from working in California. The Contractors State License Board (CSLB) announced in March that the firm \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/prosecutors-launch-investigation-into-contractor-tied-to-soberanes-fire-bulldozer-death/\" target=\"_blank\">violated three state regulations\u003c/a> in connection with its work on the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Soberanes Fire prompted the investigation by the CSLB, which referred the case to the Monterey County DA's office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They let us know that Mr. Czirban potentially did not have workers' compensation insurance when this incident occurred,\" Hazel said. That led to an investigation that revealed more crimes, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of the prosecution came the same day that KQED published a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/17/casualties-in-big-sur-blaze-point-to-hazards-of-wildfire-gig-economy/\" target=\"_blank\">story \u003c/a>that delved into the dangers private contractors face as Cal Fire and the U.S. Forest Service rely on them to help battle wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The investigation revealed that some of the people who work in what amounts to a wildfire gig economy regularly face potentially deadly conditions with little or no guarantee of basic protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Czirban, a private company that hired a water tender driver seriously injured in the Soberanes Fire also did not have workers' compensation insurance.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Given that Dianne Feinstein has been a fixture in San Francisco politics since the 1970s, you wouldn’t think a town hall meeting with California’s senior senator before a hometown crowd would matter much. But the election of Donald Trump as president has turned conventional politics upside down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since January, town hall gatherings by members of Congress, even in Republican districts, have been dominated by Democrats energized by Trump’s stunning victory and threats they perceive from his agenda on health care, immigration, the environment and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Sen. Feinstein’s free public event Monday on the city’s west side could get interesting. Feinstein doesn’t hold many question-and-answer events that are as freewheeling and potentially messy as this one. She tends to stick to sessions in controlled public policy-type settings, like recent gatherings sponsored by the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein appears to be running for re-election to the seat she’s held since 1992, and while \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/04/is-feinsteins-age-an-issue-many-voters-think-so/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">polls\u003c/a> show her popularity remains intact, voters also express concern that she’ll be 85 years old on Election Day 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Feinstein’s 25 years in the U.S. Senate, she has earned status and seniority, with seats on the powerful Senate Judiciary and Intelligence committees. She has also developed a reputation for collegiality and working across the aisle, often co-sponsoring legislation with conservative senators like Richard Burr (R-NC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that has served Feinstein well in the past, it has never endeared her to the Democratic Party’s liberal base. The Bernie Sanders wing of the party is where much of the energy is now coming from, and it will be telling to see how they respond to Feinstein’s town hall presentation and answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after Monday’s event was announced, the roughly 1,000 free tickets were snatched up online. There was grumbling on Twitter from the anti-Trump activist group Indivisible San Francisco (an offshoot of the national movement) that the time (Monday, 11 a.m.) and location (the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfscottishrite.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scottish Rite Masonic Center\u003c/a> at Sloat Boulevard and 19th Avenue) were inconvenient, especially for folks who work during the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, on its \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/IndivisibleSF/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook\u003c/a> page on Sunday, Indivisible announced they “may have a few extra tickets” from people who couldn’t make it. Feinstein smartly adopted Invisible SF’s suggestion for taking questions, telling attendees with comments to take a ticket when they arrive and that tickets will be randomly pulled for the Q and A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether activists like the anti-war group \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Pink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code Pink\u003c/a> abide by such an orderly protocol remains to be seen. Don’t count on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/los-angeles-town-hall-with-senator-dianne-feinstein-tickets-33596127923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second town hall \u003c/a>meeting Thursday in Los Angeles. It is sold out, too. First-term California Sen. Kamala Harris will hold a town hall on Friday in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Given that Dianne Feinstein has been a fixture in San Francisco politics since the 1970s, you wouldn’t think a town hall meeting with California’s senior senator before a hometown crowd would matter much. But the election of Donald Trump as president has turned conventional politics upside down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since January, town hall gatherings by members of Congress, even in Republican districts, have been dominated by Democrats energized by Trump’s stunning victory and threats they perceive from his agenda on health care, immigration, the environment and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Sen. Feinstein’s free public event Monday on the city’s west side could get interesting. Feinstein doesn’t hold many question-and-answer events that are as freewheeling and potentially messy as this one. She tends to stick to sessions in controlled public policy-type settings, like recent gatherings sponsored by the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce and the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein appears to be running for re-election to the seat she’s held since 1992, and while \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/04/is-feinsteins-age-an-issue-many-voters-think-so/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">polls\u003c/a> show her popularity remains intact, voters also express concern that she’ll be 85 years old on Election Day 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Feinstein’s 25 years in the U.S. Senate, she has earned status and seniority, with seats on the powerful Senate Judiciary and Intelligence committees. She has also developed a reputation for collegiality and working across the aisle, often co-sponsoring legislation with conservative senators like Richard Burr (R-NC).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that has served Feinstein well in the past, it has never endeared her to the Democratic Party’s liberal base. The Bernie Sanders wing of the party is where much of the energy is now coming from, and it will be telling to see how they respond to Feinstein’s town hall presentation and answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after Monday’s event was announced, the roughly 1,000 free tickets were snatched up online. There was grumbling on Twitter from the anti-Trump activist group Indivisible San Francisco (an offshoot of the national movement) that the time (Monday, 11 a.m.) and location (the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfscottishrite.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Scottish Rite Masonic Center\u003c/a> at Sloat Boulevard and 19th Avenue) were inconvenient, especially for folks who work during the week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, on its \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/IndivisibleSF/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook\u003c/a> page on Sunday, Indivisible announced they “may have a few extra tickets” from people who couldn’t make it. Feinstein smartly adopted Invisible SF’s suggestion for taking questions, telling attendees with comments to take a ticket when they arrive and that tickets will be randomly pulled for the Q and A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether activists like the anti-war group \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_Pink\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Code Pink\u003c/a> abide by such an orderly protocol remains to be seen. Don’t count on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/los-angeles-town-hall-with-senator-dianne-feinstein-tickets-33596127923\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">second town hall \u003c/a>meeting Thursday in Los Angeles. It is sold out, too. First-term California Sen. Kamala Harris will hold a town hall on Friday in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Casualties in Big Sur Blaze Point to Hazards of 'Wildfire Gig Economy'",
"title": "Casualties in Big Sur Blaze Point to Hazards of 'Wildfire Gig Economy'",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The agencies that battle California wildfires every year rely on an army of private contractors for key firefighting roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two incidents during last year's Soberanes Fire in Big Sur -- one that killed a bulldozer operator and another that seriously injured a water tender driver -- reveal that many of those involved in what amounts to a wildfire gig economy regularly face potentially deadly conditions with little or no guarantee of basic protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the contractors who hired 35-year-old Robert Reagan, the bulldozer operator killed in the early days of the Soberanes Fire last July, and John Tiersma, a 60-year-old water tender driver injured six weeks later, did not carry workers' compensation insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public records requests, court documents and interviews have uncovered new details about the incidents, which are the subject of at least six investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor law and heavy equipment experts, as well as critics of the way wildfires are fought in California, say the accidents shine a light on worker-protection issues arising from the reliance on large numbers of private contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nwcg.gov/committees/risk-management-committee/resources\" target=\"_blank\">Data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Forest Service suggest it's relatively unusual for contract heavy equipment operators to be involved in major accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's evident that these \"call when needed\" workers are vulnerable on the job, says Veena Dubal, an associate professor of law at UC Hastings who specializes in employment law and reviewed the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health's (Cal/OSHA) full investigative reports into the Reagan and Tiersma incidents for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These people who are risking their lives have no recourse and their families have no recourse,\" Dubal said. \"They were putting their lives on the line to save California forests, to save California families.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of protection is similar to what workers face in the growing gig economy, which relies on contractors to perform a wide range of jobs, such as driving passengers for Uber and Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is no different, what's happening with these guys. It just didn't happen to occur through a smartphone,\" said Craig Peters, an attorney with the San Francisco-based Veen law firm who specializes in heavy equipment and construction-site injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These two cases highlight the human tragedies that can occur when basic health and safety laws are violated,\" said Laura Stock, director of UC Berkeley's Labor Occupational Health Program. \"These stories also highlight the need for state and federal agencies to do a better job in vetting the contractors they bring in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very challenging, I would say dangerous, trying to operate heavy equipment on these steep, winding, generally poorly maintained roads,\" said Timothy Ingalsbee, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.fusee.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Firefighters United for Safety, Ethics and Ecology\u003c/a>. \"It's an accident waiting to happen, no matter who is behind the wheel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Death of a Dozer Operator\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Soberanes Fire started in Garrapata State Park, on the northern end of Big Sur's typically rugged terrain, on July 22. As the fire spread, Cal Fire began bringing in contractors, including dozer operators, to try to contain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA records say that on July 24, Cal Fire called in Czirban Concrete Construction, an agency bulldozer contractor in the Madera County town of Coarsegold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11042174\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11042174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Screenshot-2016-08-05-09.33.35-800x449.png\" alt=\"Robert Reagan, 35, of Fresno County, died July 26, 2016, when his bulldozer overturned while trying to access a proposed fire line near Big Sur. \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Screenshot-2016-08-05-09.33.35-800x449.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Screenshot-2016-08-05-09.33.35-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Screenshot-2016-08-05-09.33.35.png 935w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Reagan, 35, of Fresno County, died July 26, 2016, when his bulldozer overturned while trying to access a proposed fire line near Big Sur. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The firm's owner, Ian Czirban, then texted a friend, Robert Reagan, to ask whether he was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey bro can you do it?\" Czirban asked. Reagan agreed, saying he wasn't working on another fire at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two nights later, on the evening of Tuesday, July 26, Reagan arrived at the fire and prepared to take over Czirban's bulldozer from another operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But minutes after he began moving the dozer to its assigned position, the machine tipped over on a steep embankment. Reagan, who was not wearing a seat belt, was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_blank\">thrown from the dozer's cab and killed as the machine rolled over onto him.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reagan's death and the issues surrounding it are now the subject of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/prosecutors-launch-investigation-into-contractor-tied-to-soberanes-fire-bulldozer-death/\" target=\"_blank\">criminal investigation\u003c/a> by prosecutors in Monterey County and a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/22/family-of-bulldozer-operator-killed-in-soberanes-fire-suing-california/\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit\u003c/a> filed against the state of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/14/calosha-cites-contractors-over-soberanes-fire-casualties/\" target=\"_blank\">workplace officials have cited Czirban\u003c/a> Concrete Construction for several violations connected to Reagan's death. The most serious penalty was for not ensuring Reagan wore his seat belt. Czirban did not appeal the citations and paid $20,000 in fines, according to Cal/OSHA spokeswoman Erika Monterroza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA also issued two citations to Cal Fire, one for failing to report a serious injury within eight hours and another for failing to maintain an effective injury and illness prevention program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The employer failed to ensure a supervisor was in the immediate area during all bulldozer activities,\" Cal/OSHA compliance officer Kelly Tatum wrote in the agency's citation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire, which also faces a wrongful death lawsuit filed on behalf of Reagan's wife and two young daughters, has appealed the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>No Workers' Compensation Insurance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another state agency is moving to revoke Czirban's contractor's license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contractors State License Board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/prosecutors-launch-investigation-into-contractor-tied-to-soberanes-fire-bulldozer-death/\" target=\"_blank\">alleged earlier this month\u003c/a> that Czirban violated three state regulations in connection with its work on the Soberanes Fire. The agency says the company lied about whether it had employees to get around offering workers' compensation insurance -- coverage that would provide Reagan's children hundreds of thousands of dollars in benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban had its license suspended \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/02/employer-of-worker-killed-in-soberanes-fire-under-scrutiny/\" target=\"_blank\">eight times\u003c/a> by the board in four years -- several times because of workers' comp issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire's emergency equipment rental agreements require that private contractors provide copies of their workers' compensation coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We expect vendors to comply with the clauses spelled out in our Emergency Equipment Rental Agreements,\" said Cal Fire spokeswoman Janet Upton, in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">[CalFireData]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Under the terms of these agreements, vendors choosing to do business with the state must affirm they meet all our requirements,\" Upton said. \"One such requirement is that vendors have either worker's compensation or that they undertake self-insurance in accordance with provisions in the labor code.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire's contract with Czirban listed an insurance policy with the State Compensation Insurance Fund that expired in January 2015, a year and a half before the Soberanes Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban's lawyers have argued that the contractor was not required to carry workers' comp insurance and that Cal Fire, not the company, was responsible for Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is clear that Cal Fire and its Incident Commander are in 100% control of the dozer operator's actions, health and safety,\" Justin Reden wrote in a letter to Cal/OSHA in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reden said the fire agency chose the equipment, inspected it, provided operating procedures and safety protocols, and directed the operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reagan was not Czirban's employee but instead an independent contractor, Reden argued, so the company did not need to provide coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban and Reden have not responded to KQED's requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'I Thought I Was a Goner'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Soberanes Fire wasn't John Tiersma's first wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the water tender driver had worked the Gasquet Fire Complex that burned more than 30,000 acres in Del Norte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer he worked the Chimney Fire, which burned more than 43,000 acres and destroyed 70 structures in San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in September, he took a job with Tuolomne County-based Industrial Defense Development to help the U.S. Forest Service fight the Soberanes blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Sur fire was the closest he'd gotten to one of the big blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Everything was breaking around me. Stuff was just flying. Dirt was coming in. I thought I was a goner. Miraculously, I got ejected out. ... I prayed to God to deliver me and he did.'\u003ccite>John Tiersma\u003cbr>\nWater tender driver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"At the Soberanes Fire a couple of times we were fairly close to the flames,\" Tiersma said in an interview from his home in Dunsmuir (Siskiyou County), conducted with the help of his wife, Cassandra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water tenders are essentially tanker trucks. In major wildland fires, they deliver water to fire engines and sprinkle back-country roads to keep the dust down for responding firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiersma's day on Sept. 11, 2016, started early in the morning. During a Forest Service briefing he was told the fire was moving south and he was assigned to a new stretch of road that had just opened up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His job was to fill inflatable water tanks -- known as pumpkins -- in an area near the Marble Peak Trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He checked to make sure his vehicle was carrying a full 2,300 gallons of water -- almost 10 tons -- and he and another water tender headed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His truck was moving between 5 and 10 mph, leading the other tender along a dusty road. He said he was wearing a seat belt and his driver's side window was open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiersma says he felt the vehicle's front end sink. He tried to steer out, but that didn't work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of the sudden the road just gave way,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything was breaking around me. Stuff was just flying. Dirt was coming in. I thought I was a goner,\" Tiersma said. \"Miraculously, I got ejected out. ... I prayed to God to deliver me and he did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was thrown into some bushes, in what he describes as agony and with blood flowing from a wound on his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The driver behind Tiersma saw the whole thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of a sudden I witnessed John rolled off the side of the mountain,\" said Briteney Rooffener, according to a statement she filed with the Forest Service that was given to Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rooffener stopped and radioed for help. She and Cory Boekhaus, a Forest Service firefighter who was riding along, shouted to Tiersma, who yelled back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boekhaus ran down the hill to the injured driver, who was helicoptered to a hospital in Salinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rollover broke or cracked 12 of Tiersma's ribs, bruised his spleen and broke his scapula. He had blood in his lungs and one lung had a small leak into his chest cavity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Blames Water Tender Contractor, Feds Suspend Firm's Contract\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Tiersma has been left to deal with that long list of injuries himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate aftermath of Tiersma's accident, the Forest Service urged Industrial Defense Development's owner, Scott Harvey, to cooperate with investigators and to contact the hospitalized Tiersma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11035798\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11035798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"Satellite image Thursday, July 28, of smoke emitted from Soberanes Fire in Monterey County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-1180x773.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-960x629.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a.jpg 1508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Satellite image Thursday, July 28, 2016, of smoke emitted from Soberanes Fire in Monterey County. \u003ccite>(NASA Worldview)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"You have been nonresponsive to the accident investigation and the medical support for your injured employee,\" wrote Steven Teves, contracting officer for the federal agency's Pacific Southwest Region Incident Procurement office, in an email to Harvey five days after the accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I highly recommend you making contact with your injured operator and provide whatever required medical coverage that is needed as required by your agreement,\" Teves wrote in the email, later released to Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Cal Fire, the Forest Service requires its contractors to maintain workers' compensation for its employees. But, state workplace regulators found Industrial Development Defense did not have such coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey refused to be interviewed by Cal/OSHA, which later levied $6,000 in fines against his firm for violations, including failure to report Tiersma's injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy equipment firm had 14 contracts with the federal government between 2000 and 2014. The September incident, though, prompted the Forest Service to suspend the company from contracting with the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey has not responded to KQED's requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Forest Service' number one incident objective during any response is always public and firefighter safety,\" agency spokeswoman Kerry Greene said in an emailed statement. \"It does not matter if the firefighter is a contractor or a federal workforce employee, in terms of safety all workers are viewed the same.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiersma says he's still recuperating and believes he'll be returning to work. Neither the Forest Service nor Industrial Defense has paid for his medical care, said his lawyer, Vesta Armstrong\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"John continues to struggle with the uncertainty of obtaining compensation for his injury,\" Armstrong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The agencies that battle California wildfires every year rely on an army of private contractors for key firefighting roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But two incidents during last year's Soberanes Fire in Big Sur -- one that killed a bulldozer operator and another that seriously injured a water tender driver -- reveal that many of those involved in what amounts to a wildfire gig economy regularly face potentially deadly conditions with little or no guarantee of basic protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, the contractors who hired 35-year-old Robert Reagan, the bulldozer operator killed in the early days of the Soberanes Fire last July, and John Tiersma, a 60-year-old water tender driver injured six weeks later, did not carry workers' compensation insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public records requests, court documents and interviews have uncovered new details about the incidents, which are the subject of at least six investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor law and heavy equipment experts, as well as critics of the way wildfires are fought in California, say the accidents shine a light on worker-protection issues arising from the reliance on large numbers of private contractors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nwcg.gov/committees/risk-management-committee/resources\" target=\"_blank\">Data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Forest Service suggest it's relatively unusual for contract heavy equipment operators to be involved in major accidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's evident that these \"call when needed\" workers are vulnerable on the job, says Veena Dubal, an associate professor of law at UC Hastings who specializes in employment law and reviewed the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health's (Cal/OSHA) full investigative reports into the Reagan and Tiersma incidents for KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These people who are risking their lives have no recourse and their families have no recourse,\" Dubal said. \"They were putting their lives on the line to save California forests, to save California families.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That lack of protection is similar to what workers face in the growing gig economy, which relies on contractors to perform a wide range of jobs, such as driving passengers for Uber and Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is no different, what's happening with these guys. It just didn't happen to occur through a smartphone,\" said Craig Peters, an attorney with the San Francisco-based Veen law firm who specializes in heavy equipment and construction-site injuries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These two cases highlight the human tragedies that can occur when basic health and safety laws are violated,\" said Laura Stock, director of UC Berkeley's Labor Occupational Health Program. \"These stories also highlight the need for state and federal agencies to do a better job in vetting the contractors they bring in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's very challenging, I would say dangerous, trying to operate heavy equipment on these steep, winding, generally poorly maintained roads,\" said Timothy Ingalsbee, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.fusee.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Firefighters United for Safety, Ethics and Ecology\u003c/a>. \"It's an accident waiting to happen, no matter who is behind the wheel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Death of a Dozer Operator\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Soberanes Fire started in Garrapata State Park, on the northern end of Big Sur's typically rugged terrain, on July 22. As the fire spread, Cal Fire began bringing in contractors, including dozer operators, to try to contain it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA records say that on July 24, Cal Fire called in Czirban Concrete Construction, an agency bulldozer contractor in the Madera County town of Coarsegold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11042174\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11042174\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Screenshot-2016-08-05-09.33.35-800x449.png\" alt=\"Robert Reagan, 35, of Fresno County, died July 26, 2016, when his bulldozer overturned while trying to access a proposed fire line near Big Sur. \" width=\"800\" height=\"449\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Screenshot-2016-08-05-09.33.35-800x449.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Screenshot-2016-08-05-09.33.35-400x225.png 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/Screenshot-2016-08-05-09.33.35.png 935w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Robert Reagan, 35, of Fresno County, died July 26, 2016, when his bulldozer overturned while trying to access a proposed fire line near Big Sur. \u003ccite>(Cal Fire)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The firm's owner, Ian Czirban, then texted a friend, Robert Reagan, to ask whether he was available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hey bro can you do it?\" Czirban asked. Reagan agreed, saying he wasn't working on another fire at the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two nights later, on the evening of Tuesday, July 26, Reagan arrived at the fire and prepared to take over Czirban's bulldozer from another operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But minutes after he began moving the dozer to its assigned position, the machine tipped over on a steep embankment. Reagan, who was not wearing a seat belt, was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/05/soberanes-fire-bulldozer-operator-killed/\" target=\"_blank\">thrown from the dozer's cab and killed as the machine rolled over onto him.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reagan's death and the issues surrounding it are now the subject of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/prosecutors-launch-investigation-into-contractor-tied-to-soberanes-fire-bulldozer-death/\" target=\"_blank\">criminal investigation\u003c/a> by prosecutors in Monterey County and a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/22/family-of-bulldozer-operator-killed-in-soberanes-fire-suing-california/\" target=\"_blank\">lawsuit\u003c/a> filed against the state of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/14/calosha-cites-contractors-over-soberanes-fire-casualties/\" target=\"_blank\">workplace officials have cited Czirban\u003c/a> Concrete Construction for several violations connected to Reagan's death. The most serious penalty was for not ensuring Reagan wore his seat belt. Czirban did not appeal the citations and paid $20,000 in fines, according to Cal/OSHA spokeswoman Erika Monterroza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA also issued two citations to Cal Fire, one for failing to report a serious injury within eight hours and another for failing to maintain an effective injury and illness prevention program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The employer failed to ensure a supervisor was in the immediate area during all bulldozer activities,\" Cal/OSHA compliance officer Kelly Tatum wrote in the agency's citation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire, which also faces a wrongful death lawsuit filed on behalf of Reagan's wife and two young daughters, has appealed the findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>No Workers' Compensation Insurance\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another state agency is moving to revoke Czirban's contractor's license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Contractors State License Board \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/prosecutors-launch-investigation-into-contractor-tied-to-soberanes-fire-bulldozer-death/\" target=\"_blank\">alleged earlier this month\u003c/a> that Czirban violated three state regulations in connection with its work on the Soberanes Fire. The agency says the company lied about whether it had employees to get around offering workers' compensation insurance -- coverage that would provide Reagan's children hundreds of thousands of dollars in benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban had its license suspended \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/02/employer-of-worker-killed-in-soberanes-fire-under-scrutiny/\" target=\"_blank\">eight times\u003c/a> by the board in four years -- several times because of workers' comp issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire's emergency equipment rental agreements require that private contractors provide copies of their workers' compensation coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We expect vendors to comply with the clauses spelled out in our Emergency Equipment Rental Agreements,\" said Cal Fire spokeswoman Janet Upton, in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">[CalFireData]\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Under the terms of these agreements, vendors choosing to do business with the state must affirm they meet all our requirements,\" Upton said. \"One such requirement is that vendors have either worker's compensation or that they undertake self-insurance in accordance with provisions in the labor code.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire's contract with Czirban listed an insurance policy with the State Compensation Insurance Fund that expired in January 2015, a year and a half before the Soberanes Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban's lawyers have argued that the contractor was not required to carry workers' comp insurance and that Cal Fire, not the company, was responsible for Reagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is clear that Cal Fire and its Incident Commander are in 100% control of the dozer operator's actions, health and safety,\" Justin Reden wrote in a letter to Cal/OSHA in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reden said the fire agency chose the equipment, inspected it, provided operating procedures and safety protocols, and directed the operator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reagan was not Czirban's employee but instead an independent contractor, Reden argued, so the company did not need to provide coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Czirban and Reden have not responded to KQED's requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'I Thought I Was a Goner'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Soberanes Fire wasn't John Tiersma's first wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the water tender driver had worked the Gasquet Fire Complex that burned more than 30,000 acres in Del Norte County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer he worked the Chimney Fire, which burned more than 43,000 acres and destroyed 70 structures in San Luis Obispo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in September, he took a job with Tuolomne County-based Industrial Defense Development to help the U.S. Forest Service fight the Soberanes blaze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Sur fire was the closest he'd gotten to one of the big blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Everything was breaking around me. Stuff was just flying. Dirt was coming in. I thought I was a goner. Miraculously, I got ejected out. ... I prayed to God to deliver me and he did.'\u003ccite>John Tiersma\u003cbr>\nWater tender driver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"At the Soberanes Fire a couple of times we were fairly close to the flames,\" Tiersma said in an interview from his home in Dunsmuir (Siskiyou County), conducted with the help of his wife, Cassandra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water tenders are essentially tanker trucks. In major wildland fires, they deliver water to fire engines and sprinkle back-country roads to keep the dust down for responding firefighters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiersma's day on Sept. 11, 2016, started early in the morning. During a Forest Service briefing he was told the fire was moving south and he was assigned to a new stretch of road that had just opened up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His job was to fill inflatable water tanks -- known as pumpkins -- in an area near the Marble Peak Trail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He checked to make sure his vehicle was carrying a full 2,300 gallons of water -- almost 10 tons -- and he and another water tender headed out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His truck was moving between 5 and 10 mph, leading the other tender along a dusty road. He said he was wearing a seat belt and his driver's side window was open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiersma says he felt the vehicle's front end sink. He tried to steer out, but that didn't work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of the sudden the road just gave way,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everything was breaking around me. Stuff was just flying. Dirt was coming in. I thought I was a goner,\" Tiersma said. \"Miraculously, I got ejected out. ... I prayed to God to deliver me and he did.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was thrown into some bushes, in what he describes as agony and with blood flowing from a wound on his head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The driver behind Tiersma saw the whole thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All of a sudden I witnessed John rolled off the side of the mountain,\" said Briteney Rooffener, according to a statement she filed with the Forest Service that was given to Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rooffener stopped and radioed for help. She and Cory Boekhaus, a Forest Service firefighter who was riding along, shouted to Tiersma, who yelled back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boekhaus ran down the hill to the injured driver, who was helicoptered to a hospital in Salinas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rollover broke or cracked 12 of Tiersma's ribs, bruised his spleen and broke his scapula. He had blood in his lungs and one lung had a small leak into his chest cavity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Blames Water Tender Contractor, Feds Suspend Firm's Contract\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, Tiersma has been left to deal with that long list of injuries himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate aftermath of Tiersma's accident, the Forest Service urged Industrial Defense Development's owner, Scott Harvey, to cooperate with investigators and to contact the hospitalized Tiersma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11035798\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11035798\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"Satellite image Thursday, July 28, of smoke emitted from Soberanes Fire in Monterey County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-400x262.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-1180x773.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a-960x629.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/07/soberanesnasa160729a.jpg 1508w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Satellite image Thursday, July 28, 2016, of smoke emitted from Soberanes Fire in Monterey County. \u003ccite>(NASA Worldview)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"You have been nonresponsive to the accident investigation and the medical support for your injured employee,\" wrote Steven Teves, contracting officer for the federal agency's Pacific Southwest Region Incident Procurement office, in an email to Harvey five days after the accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I highly recommend you making contact with your injured operator and provide whatever required medical coverage that is needed as required by your agreement,\" Teves wrote in the email, later released to Cal/OSHA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Cal Fire, the Forest Service requires its contractors to maintain workers' compensation for its employees. But, state workplace regulators found Industrial Development Defense did not have such coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey refused to be interviewed by Cal/OSHA, which later levied $6,000 in fines against his firm for violations, including failure to report Tiersma's injury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy equipment firm had 14 contracts with the federal government between 2000 and 2014. The September incident, though, prompted the Forest Service to suspend the company from contracting with the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvey has not responded to KQED's requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Forest Service' number one incident objective during any response is always public and firefighter safety,\" agency spokeswoman Kerry Greene said in an emailed statement. \"It does not matter if the firefighter is a contractor or a federal workforce employee, in terms of safety all workers are viewed the same.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiersma says he's still recuperating and believes he'll be returning to work. Neither the Forest Service nor Industrial Defense has paid for his medical care, said his lawyer, Vesta Armstrong\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"John continues to struggle with the uncertainty of obtaining compensation for his injury,\" Armstrong said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Queer and Undocumented: A Powerful Force in the Dreamer Movement",
"title": "Queer and Undocumented: A Powerful Force in the Dreamer Movement",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>At her kitchen table in Oakland, Yahaira Carrillo leafs through an old photo album with faded pictures of a little curly-haired girl. The album is precious to her: She saw her baby pictures for the first time only a few years ago, when her aunt brought the album from Mexico. That's because when Carrillo crossed the border as a 7-year-old with her mom, they left almost everything behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up undocumented, first in California, then in Missouri, Carrillo, now 32, was taught to always be on her best behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any sort of wrong moves could result in my parents getting deported or my getting deported, or ending up in foster care,\" Carrillo said. \"[My mom] was like, 'Always be good. We have to be model citizens, model behavior. We have to be as normal, as American, as possible, instead of raising any red flags.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be a big risk for undocumented immigrants to admit they don’t have papers, especially now, when President Trump is targeting immigrants and vowing to deport them in record numbers. And yet, in the past decade, more and more young people who were brought to the U.S. as children have been doing just that -- especially those who are LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/04/2017-04-14b-tcrmag.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/04/14/BertProtestImg.jpg\" Title=\"Queer and Undocumented: A Powerful Force in the Dreamer Movement\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Carrillo grew up, she ran into obstacles because of her immigration status. When she went to college, she didn’t qualify for financial aid, so she had to work full time to pay tuition, and it took her nine years to graduate. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/senate-bill/1291\" target=\"_blank\">DREAM Act\u003c/a> (an acronym for Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) would have given undocumented young people like her a path to a green card. But years after it was first introduced in 2001, the bill still hadn’t passed. So Carrillo decided to start lobbying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had reached a point where we had to tell our own stories, we had to speak for ourselves,\" Carrillo said, \"because it was suffocating, you know, living in this place of fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suffocating — like when you're gay and in the closet. Carrillo also knew what that felt like. She came out as bisexual when she was 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, both coming out as queer and coming out as undocumented, it’s about living life on your own terms,\" Carrillo said. \"[It's about] you calling the shots about how you move about the world, and facing society head on, in your full truth, in both of those areas. And there's power in that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EFIDkoJ1DqthjlKMkv2c098EdOOjUzY8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the most outspoken, undocumented young activists who organized across the country for the DREAM Act are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer. After the bill failed in Congress in 2007, they began taking a page from the in-your-face civil disobedience of AIDS and gay rights groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.actupny.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Act Up!\u003c/a> and adopting the practice — advocated by Harvey Milk and other LGBTQ activists — of “coming out” publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People need to know that queer people exist, and people need to know that undocumented people exist, and that we live next door, and that we brush our teeth, and that we floss, or don’t floss, just like everybody else,\" Carrillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, as four \"Dreamers\" (young immigrants who were brought to the U.S. without papers as children) walked from Florida to Washington, D.C., to push for the DREAM Act, a group of undocumented youth in Chicago declared \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.iyjl.org/national-coming-out-of-the-shadows-day/\" target=\"_blank\">National Coming Out of the Shadows\u003c/a>\" month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2010, Carrillo and four other young people decided to put their bodies on the line, in the place they felt was most dangerous for undocumented immigrants: Arizona. Just weeks before, the state had passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">SB 1070\u003c/a>, which made it a crime to be undocumented in the state and required police to check the immigration status of anyone arrested or detained, if police suspected they did not have government permission to be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-800x1008.jpg\" alt=\"Four undocumented youth, Tania Unzueta, Lizbeth Mateo, Yahaira Carrillo, and Mohammad Abdollahi, accompanied by Raúl Alcaraz, held a sit-in in John McCain’s office in Arizona in 2010. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-160x202.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-240x302.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-375x473.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-520x655.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four undocumented youth, Tania Unzueta, Lizbeth Mateo, Yahaira Carrillo and Mohammad Abdollahi, accompanied by Raúl Alcaraz, held a sit-in in John McCain’s office in Arizona in 2010. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Yahaira Carrillo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Carrillo and the others walked into Sen. John McCain’s office, wearing blue graduation caps and gowns. They sat on the floor, and said they would not leave until the senator agreed to co-sponsor the DREAM Act. Carrillo remembers a police officer tried to talk them out of it. He said he had a son, too, and asked them to think of their future: How would they get a job if they were arrested?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I remember one of us saying, 'But you don’t understand. That’s the problem: that we can’t. We can't get a job,' \" Carrillo recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were risking everything. Four of the young people were arrested that day. Carrillo and two others were turned over to immigration authorities. They were later released but faced possible deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, more protests were happening around the country. A queer immigrant organizer named Prerna Lal, one of the founders of a group called \u003ca href=\"http://dreamactivist.org/\" target=\"_blank\">DreamActivist\u003c/a>, helped shut down Wilshire Boulevard outside Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s office in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did what I did because I didn’t feel like there was an alternative for me, or for my friends,\" said Lal, 32. \"For far too long, we had been cast aside, marginalized. Our stories were not seen as important, our lives not important. And I was tired of living that way and I couldn’t live that way. I felt like coming out and organizing was better. If it meant being deported, so be it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Both coming out as queer and coming out as undocumented, it's about living life on your own terms.'\u003ccite>Yahaira Carrillo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lal and her parents came from Fiji and overstayed their visas. By the time her parents got green cards, she was over 21 and couldn't legalize her status with them. Friends suggested she could get a green card another way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was told many times, 'Get married! Just find a boy!' And I was like, 'Well that’s not me, that’s not who I am,\" Lal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Same-sex marriage wasn't legal at the time, but Lal says many mainstream immigrant rights organizations didn't want to address that obstacle as part of the fight for immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We felt like we were being told, 'While your immigrant stories are great, we don’t want to hear about your sexual orientation, that’s something you do in private,' \" said Lal. \"It's kind of funny talking about that now because we have come so far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DREAM Act didn't pass, but the Dreamers started something. After the arrest in McCain's office, more and more people began declaring themselves \"Undocumented, unafraid and unapologetic!\" a refrain that has echoes of the chant \"We're here, we're queer, get used to it!\" of radical gay rights organizations. That summer, 21 young undocumented people were arrested while holding sit-ins on Capitol Hill. Almost half of them also identified as queer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal says the Dreamers risking arrest and deportation caught the attention of the country … and the president. In 2012, President Barack Obama issued temporary protection from deportation for undocumented youth, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, known by its initials as DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"DACA’s only in place because people fought for it to be in place,\" Lal said. \"Obama didn’t wake up one day and just decide to do it on his own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZLCyTWBblPnSPt0oCqQ2sTyoQroBFeCw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, in the months before Obama's announcement, undocumented youth held sit-ins in his campaign offices, calling for an executive order to stop deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Escobar worked in the White House as special assistant to President Obama on immigration policy, and she helped craft DACA. She says the administration had been working on the directive for months before its announcement, and was not directly affected by the sit-ins that summer. She acknowledges, however, that the president and others in his administration had been meeting with undocumented youth from the beginning of his first term in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that Dreamers have been, you know, unafraid to come out and share their story has had a tremendous impact on the entire immigrant rights movement,\" said Escobar. \"They’re able to humanize the issue, they’re articulate, you see them, you hear them. They moved the ball forward in a really impactful way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 750,000 DACA applications have been approved since the policy began in 2012. During his campaign, Donald Trump vowed to end DACA. But as president, he has backed off somewhat, saying he would deal with people who have DACA with \"great heart,\" and leave it in place, at least for now. At the same time, he's promised to increase deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As of now it seems like DACA youth are safe,\" said Escobar, \"but they don’t live in a vacuum. They’re worried about their parents. They're worried about their siblings, who may not have qualified for DACA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"daScyNAOZZnxuNvGVawHaO8vPl1IyjGA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal and Carrillo now see that fear and uncertainty every day at the East Bay Community Law Center where they both work. Lal is an attorney serving undocumented students at UC Berkeley. After Trump's inauguration, Lal says the number of students seeking legal help went up by 50 percent. She says she has even had clients who have refused needed medical care because they are worried that if their family members come to see them in the hospital, they could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of my greatest fears when Trump was elected was not that he would take DACA away, but that he would keep it and use it as a bargaining chip. And that's precisely what I see is happening,\" said Lal. \"A bargaining chip, saying, 'We'll deport everyone else, except for these young, amazing, quote-unquote children.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal fought her own deportation all the way to the Supreme Court and lost, but that same court ended up granting her a path to permanent residency when it ruled that same-sex marriage is legal. That allowed her to obtain a green card through her marriage to her U.S. citizen wife. Carrillo has a visa to live and work here now, too. Both of them say they know some people wonder if, under Trump, “coming out” as undocumented is too great a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that’s real,\" said Carrillo. \"But at the end of the day we don’t want to go back to the same place we were before. Because that’s basically the same thing we were told in 2010: 'We do this for your safety. We speak for you so you can be safe.' I have no desire to go back to that. I also have no desire to tell people they’re going to be safe. If you are not undocumented, it’s not your place to tell people. It’s just like coming out as queer. You choose when you come out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11407603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11407603 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt='Blanca Vazquez invites undocumented immigrants to \"come out of the shadows\" at a rally in Oakland in April 2017.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blanca Vazquez, of the East Bay Immigrant Youth Coalition, invites undocumented immigrants to 'come out of the shadows' at a rally in Oakland in April 2017. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some undocumented youth and adults are still choosing to come out, and they're still using the chant \"Undocumented! Unafraid!\" at rallies and protests. Sometimes they end by shouting \"Queer, Trans, and Unashamed!\" At a recent rally outside the Alameda County Sheriff's Office in Oakland, people lined up for a turn at a microphone to \"come out of the shadows.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanca Vazquez, 28, helped organize the event. She said she arrived in the U.S. when she was 6 months old and applied for DACA last year, but she's still waiting for approval. Even with all the uncertainty under the Trump administration, she says she'll keep speaking out about her status. She still remembers the first time she saw someone share publicly that they were undocumented. After being told her entire life not to share her immigration status, she was shocked and remembers thinking, \"Does he know what he’s about to do? You just don’t do that. You don’t talk about this kind of thing with strangers!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, she burst into tears. In that moment, Vazquez says she also learned something: \"That my silence isolated me, and isolated everyone who was undocumented, and our isolation was not protecting us.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At her kitchen table in Oakland, Yahaira Carrillo leafs through an old photo album with faded pictures of a little curly-haired girl. The album is precious to her: She saw her baby pictures for the first time only a few years ago, when her aunt brought the album from Mexico. That's because when Carrillo crossed the border as a 7-year-old with her mom, they left almost everything behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up undocumented, first in California, then in Missouri, Carrillo, now 32, was taught to always be on her best behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any sort of wrong moves could result in my parents getting deported or my getting deported, or ending up in foster care,\" Carrillo said. \"[My mom] was like, 'Always be good. We have to be model citizens, model behavior. We have to be as normal, as American, as possible, instead of raising any red flags.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be a big risk for undocumented immigrants to admit they don’t have papers, especially now, when President Trump is targeting immigrants and vowing to deport them in record numbers. And yet, in the past decade, more and more young people who were brought to the U.S. as children have been doing just that -- especially those who are LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Carrillo grew up, she ran into obstacles because of her immigration status. When she went to college, she didn’t qualify for financial aid, so she had to work full time to pay tuition, and it took her nine years to graduate. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/107th-congress/senate-bill/1291\" target=\"_blank\">DREAM Act\u003c/a> (an acronym for Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors) would have given undocumented young people like her a path to a green card. But years after it was first introduced in 2001, the bill still hadn’t passed. So Carrillo decided to start lobbying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had reached a point where we had to tell our own stories, we had to speak for ourselves,\" Carrillo said, \"because it was suffocating, you know, living in this place of fear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suffocating — like when you're gay and in the closet. Carrillo also knew what that felt like. She came out as bisexual when she was 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, both coming out as queer and coming out as undocumented, it’s about living life on your own terms,\" Carrillo said. \"[It's about] you calling the shots about how you move about the world, and facing society head on, in your full truth, in both of those areas. And there's power in that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the most outspoken, undocumented young activists who organized across the country for the DREAM Act are lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender or queer. After the bill failed in Congress in 2007, they began taking a page from the in-your-face civil disobedience of AIDS and gay rights groups like \u003ca href=\"http://www.actupny.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Act Up!\u003c/a> and adopting the practice — advocated by Harvey Milk and other LGBTQ activists — of “coming out” publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People need to know that queer people exist, and people need to know that undocumented people exist, and that we live next door, and that we brush our teeth, and that we floss, or don’t floss, just like everybody else,\" Carrillo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, as four \"Dreamers\" (young immigrants who were brought to the U.S. without papers as children) walked from Florida to Washington, D.C., to push for the DREAM Act, a group of undocumented youth in Chicago declared \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.iyjl.org/national-coming-out-of-the-shadows-day/\" target=\"_blank\">National Coming Out of the Shadows\u003c/a>\" month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2010, Carrillo and four other young people decided to put their bodies on the line, in the place they felt was most dangerous for undocumented immigrants: Arizona. Just weeks before, the state had passed \u003ca href=\"https://www.azleg.gov/legtext/49leg/2r/bills/sb1070s.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">SB 1070\u003c/a>, which made it a crime to be undocumented in the state and required police to check the immigration status of anyone arrested or detained, if police suspected they did not have government permission to be here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408716\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408716\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-800x1008.jpg\" alt=\"Four undocumented youth, Tania Unzueta, Lizbeth Mateo, Yahaira Carrillo, and Mohammad Abdollahi, accompanied by Raúl Alcaraz, held a sit-in in John McCain’s office in Arizona in 2010. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-160x202.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-240x302.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-375x473.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/McCainSitIn-520x655.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four undocumented youth, Tania Unzueta, Lizbeth Mateo, Yahaira Carrillo and Mohammad Abdollahi, accompanied by Raúl Alcaraz, held a sit-in in John McCain’s office in Arizona in 2010. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Yahaira Carrillo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Carrillo and the others walked into Sen. John McCain’s office, wearing blue graduation caps and gowns. They sat on the floor, and said they would not leave until the senator agreed to co-sponsor the DREAM Act. Carrillo remembers a police officer tried to talk them out of it. He said he had a son, too, and asked them to think of their future: How would they get a job if they were arrested?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I remember one of us saying, 'But you don’t understand. That’s the problem: that we can’t. We can't get a job,' \" Carrillo recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were risking everything. Four of the young people were arrested that day. Carrillo and two others were turned over to immigration authorities. They were later released but faced possible deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, more protests were happening around the country. A queer immigrant organizer named Prerna Lal, one of the founders of a group called \u003ca href=\"http://dreamactivist.org/\" target=\"_blank\">DreamActivist\u003c/a>, helped shut down Wilshire Boulevard outside Sen. Dianne Feinstein’s office in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I did what I did because I didn’t feel like there was an alternative for me, or for my friends,\" said Lal, 32. \"For far too long, we had been cast aside, marginalized. Our stories were not seen as important, our lives not important. And I was tired of living that way and I couldn’t live that way. I felt like coming out and organizing was better. If it meant being deported, so be it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Both coming out as queer and coming out as undocumented, it's about living life on your own terms.'\u003ccite>Yahaira Carrillo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Lal and her parents came from Fiji and overstayed their visas. By the time her parents got green cards, she was over 21 and couldn't legalize her status with them. Friends suggested she could get a green card another way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was told many times, 'Get married! Just find a boy!' And I was like, 'Well that’s not me, that’s not who I am,\" Lal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Same-sex marriage wasn't legal at the time, but Lal says many mainstream immigrant rights organizations didn't want to address that obstacle as part of the fight for immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We felt like we were being told, 'While your immigrant stories are great, we don’t want to hear about your sexual orientation, that’s something you do in private,' \" said Lal. \"It's kind of funny talking about that now because we have come so far.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DREAM Act didn't pass, but the Dreamers started something. After the arrest in McCain's office, more and more people began declaring themselves \"Undocumented, unafraid and unapologetic!\" a refrain that has echoes of the chant \"We're here, we're queer, get used to it!\" of radical gay rights organizations. That summer, 21 young undocumented people were arrested while holding sit-ins on Capitol Hill. Almost half of them also identified as queer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal says the Dreamers risking arrest and deportation caught the attention of the country … and the president. In 2012, President Barack Obama issued temporary protection from deportation for undocumented youth, or \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\" target=\"_blank\">Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, known by its initials as DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"DACA’s only in place because people fought for it to be in place,\" Lal said. \"Obama didn’t wake up one day and just decide to do it on his own.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, in the months before Obama's announcement, undocumented youth held sit-ins in his campaign offices, calling for an executive order to stop deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Felicia Escobar worked in the White House as special assistant to President Obama on immigration policy, and she helped craft DACA. She says the administration had been working on the directive for months before its announcement, and was not directly affected by the sit-ins that summer. She acknowledges, however, that the president and others in his administration had been meeting with undocumented youth from the beginning of his first term in office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that Dreamers have been, you know, unafraid to come out and share their story has had a tremendous impact on the entire immigrant rights movement,\" said Escobar. \"They’re able to humanize the issue, they’re articulate, you see them, you hear them. They moved the ball forward in a really impactful way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 750,000 DACA applications have been approved since the policy began in 2012. During his campaign, Donald Trump vowed to end DACA. But as president, he has backed off somewhat, saying he would deal with people who have DACA with \"great heart,\" and leave it in place, at least for now. At the same time, he's promised to increase deportations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As of now it seems like DACA youth are safe,\" said Escobar, \"but they don’t live in a vacuum. They’re worried about their parents. They're worried about their siblings, who may not have qualified for DACA.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal and Carrillo now see that fear and uncertainty every day at the East Bay Community Law Center where they both work. Lal is an attorney serving undocumented students at UC Berkeley. After Trump's inauguration, Lal says the number of students seeking legal help went up by 50 percent. She says she has even had clients who have refused needed medical care because they are worried that if their family members come to see them in the hospital, they could be deported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of my greatest fears when Trump was elected was not that he would take DACA away, but that he would keep it and use it as a bargaining chip. And that's precisely what I see is happening,\" said Lal. \"A bargaining chip, saying, 'We'll deport everyone else, except for these young, amazing, quote-unquote children.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lal fought her own deportation all the way to the Supreme Court and lost, but that same court ended up granting her a path to permanent residency when it ruled that same-sex marriage is legal. That allowed her to obtain a green card through her marriage to her U.S. citizen wife. Carrillo has a visa to live and work here now, too. Both of them say they know some people wonder if, under Trump, “coming out” as undocumented is too great a risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And that’s real,\" said Carrillo. \"But at the end of the day we don’t want to go back to the same place we were before. Because that’s basically the same thing we were told in 2010: 'We do this for your safety. We speak for you so you can be safe.' I have no desire to go back to that. I also have no desire to tell people they’re going to be safe. If you are not undocumented, it’s not your place to tell people. It’s just like coming out as queer. You choose when you come out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11407603\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11407603 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt='Blanca Vazquez invites undocumented immigrants to \"come out of the shadows\" at a rally in Oakland in April 2017.' width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24937_IMG_3682-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Blanca Vazquez, of the East Bay Immigrant Youth Coalition, invites undocumented immigrants to 'come out of the shadows' at a rally in Oakland in April 2017. \u003ccite>(Zaidee Stavely/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some undocumented youth and adults are still choosing to come out, and they're still using the chant \"Undocumented! Unafraid!\" at rallies and protests. Sometimes they end by shouting \"Queer, Trans, and Unashamed!\" At a recent rally outside the Alameda County Sheriff's Office in Oakland, people lined up for a turn at a microphone to \"come out of the shadows.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blanca Vazquez, 28, helped organize the event. She said she arrived in the U.S. when she was 6 months old and applied for DACA last year, but she's still waiting for approval. Even with all the uncertainty under the Trump administration, she says she'll keep speaking out about her status. She still remembers the first time she saw someone share publicly that they were undocumented. After being told her entire life not to share her immigration status, she was shocked and remembers thinking, \"Does he know what he’s about to do? You just don’t do that. You don’t talk about this kind of thing with strangers!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, she burst into tears. In that moment, Vazquez says she also learned something: \"That my silence isolated me, and isolated everyone who was undocumented, and our isolation was not protecting us.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "PHOTOS: Pro-Trump Rally in Berkeley Turns Violent",
"title": "PHOTOS: Pro-Trump Rally in Berkeley Turns Violent",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of supporters of President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/15/injuries-arrests-in-berkeley-after-rally-for-trump/\" target=\"_blank\">were met with resistance in Berkeley on Saturday\u003c/a> at one of several pro-Trump marches planned across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"396ggJkwbc13gOUirSggi0t6yqfSIneg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 500 protesters gathered at Civic Center Park in downtown Berkeley around 2 p.m., \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/04/trump-supporters-take-to-berkeley-met-with-resistence/\">Berkeleyside reported\u003c/a>. Pro-Trump demonstrators, many from out of town, called for free speech, chanting “put America first.” Video footage of scattered fights show smoke bombs being thrown at a crowd and at least one man pepper-spraying a brawling group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some photos of the demonstration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411589\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411589\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Trump supporters and counter-protesters fight on Shattuck Avenue in Berkeley on April 15, 2017. Police arrested at least 21 and said 11 were injured.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trump supporters and counterprotesters fight on Shattuck Avenue in Berkeley. on April 15, 2017. Police arrested at least 21 and said 11 were injured. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411590\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411590\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Nathan Damigo, founder of white nationalist group Identity Evropa, helped organize a conservative rally in Berkeley on April 15, 2017. Police arrested at least 21 people after counter-protesters clashed with demonstrators.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nathan Damigo, founder of white nationalist group Identity Evropa, helped organize the rally in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411591\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411591\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Trisha, who declined to state her last name after she received online threats for her participation in a previous protest, bandages Rudy McKay's head after he was injured in a clash between Trump supporters and counter-protesters in Berkeley on April 15, 2017. Police arrested at least 21 and said 11 were injured.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trisha, who declined to state her last name after she received online threats for her participation in a previous protest, bandages Rudy McKay's head after he was injured in a clash between Trump supporters and counterprotesters in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411592\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"During the clashes between conservative demonstrators and anti-Trump counter-protesters, people on both sides threw cans of Pepsi. It was an ironic reference to a commercial that featured the soft drink dissipating tensions at a protest and was withdrawn after it was called insensitive. On April 15, 2017 Berkeley police arrested at least 21 people after counter-protesters clashed with demonstrators.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the clashes between conservative demonstrators and anti-Trump counterprotesters, people on both sides threw cans of Pepsi. It was an ironic reference to a commercial that featured the soft drink dissipating tensions at a protest and was withdrawn after it was called insensitive. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411593\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A volunteer medic washes a protester's face with milk after he was exposed to pepper spray on April 15, 2017. Berkeley police arrested at least 21 people during a pro-Trump rally that became violent after counter-protesters clashed with demonstrators.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A volunteer medic washes a protester's face with milk after he was exposed to pepper spray on April 15, 2017. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of supporters of President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/15/injuries-arrests-in-berkeley-after-rally-for-trump/\" target=\"_blank\">were met with resistance in Berkeley on Saturday\u003c/a> at one of several pro-Trump marches planned across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An estimated 500 protesters gathered at Civic Center Park in downtown Berkeley around 2 p.m., \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/04/trump-supporters-take-to-berkeley-met-with-resistence/\">Berkeleyside reported\u003c/a>. Pro-Trump demonstrators, many from out of town, called for free speech, chanting “put America first.” Video footage of scattered fights show smoke bombs being thrown at a crowd and at least one man pepper-spraying a brawling group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some photos of the demonstration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411589\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411589\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Trump supporters and counter-protesters fight on Shattuck Avenue in Berkeley on April 15, 2017. Police arrested at least 21 and said 11 were injured.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24970_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-8-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trump supporters and counterprotesters fight on Shattuck Avenue in Berkeley. on April 15, 2017. Police arrested at least 21 and said 11 were injured. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411590\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411590\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Nathan Damigo, founder of white nationalist group Identity Evropa, helped organize a conservative rally in Berkeley on April 15, 2017. Police arrested at least 21 people after counter-protesters clashed with demonstrators.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24969_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-6-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nathan Damigo, founder of white nationalist group Identity Evropa, helped organize the rally in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411591\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411591\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Trisha, who declined to state her last name after she received online threats for her participation in a previous protest, bandages Rudy McKay's head after he was injured in a clash between Trump supporters and counter-protesters in Berkeley on April 15, 2017. Police arrested at least 21 and said 11 were injured.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24971_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-9-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trisha, who declined to state her last name after she received online threats for her participation in a previous protest, bandages Rudy McKay's head after he was injured in a clash between Trump supporters and counterprotesters in Berkeley. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411592\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411592\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"During the clashes between conservative demonstrators and anti-Trump counter-protesters, people on both sides threw cans of Pepsi. It was an ironic reference to a commercial that featured the soft drink dissipating tensions at a protest and was withdrawn after it was called insensitive. On April 15, 2017 Berkeley police arrested at least 21 people after counter-protesters clashed with demonstrators.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24967_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-4-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During the clashes between conservative demonstrators and anti-Trump counterprotesters, people on both sides threw cans of Pepsi. It was an ironic reference to a commercial that featured the soft drink dissipating tensions at a protest and was withdrawn after it was called insensitive. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11411593\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11411593\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A volunteer medic washes a protester's face with milk after he was exposed to pepper spray on April 15, 2017. Berkeley police arrested at least 21 people during a pro-Trump rally that became violent after counter-protesters clashed with demonstrators.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24965_20170415_BerkeleyProtest_Credit_BertJohnson-2-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A volunteer medic washes a protester's face with milk after he was exposed to pepper spray on April 15, 2017. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Researchers Find a New Way to Make Water From Thin Air",
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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers have come up with a new way to extract water from thin air. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first technology that can turn water vapor in the atmosphere into liquid water that people can drink, but researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley say their approach uses less power and works in drier environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach makes use of a substance called a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/1230444\">MOF\u003c/a>, a metal-organic framework. As the name suggests, these are materials made of metals mixed with organic compounds. Powders made from MOFs are very porous, so researchers have proposed using them to store hydrogen or methane fuels or to capture carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIT's \u003ca href=\"http://meche.mit.edu/people/faculty/enwang@mit.edu\">Evelyn Wang\u003c/a> and her Berkeley colleague \u003ca href=\"http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/\">Omar Yaghi\u003c/a> decided to try using MOFs to capture water. MOF powders can not only suck up liquid water, they can also absorb water vapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's plenty of water vapor in the atmosphere. Even in the driest place on the planet there are tons of water molecules floating overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers built a small prototype water collector that contains a thin layer of MOF powder. The powder absorbs water vapor until it is saturated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you achieve that maximum amount,\" Wang says, \"you apply some type of heat to the system to release that water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the water is released, it collects in the bottom of the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other compounds that can suck water from the air, \u003ca href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zeolites/\">zeolites\u003c/a> for example, but Wang says it takes a significant amount of energy to get these materials to release the water. Not so with a MOF device. \"The amount of energy required is very low,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the prototype, the heat needed to drive the water out of the MOF comes from ambient sunlight — no external power supply is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408634\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead. \u003ccite>(MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As they report \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/04/12/science.aam8743\">in the journal Science\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> Wang and her colleagues tested the prototype of their MOF-based device on the roof of a building at MIT, and it worked great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's just a prototype. It used only a fraction of an ounce of the MOF powder. \"So the amount of water that we've shown is also pretty small,\" says Wang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Wang's calculations, a full-size system using about 2 pounds of MOF powder could deliver close to three quarts of water per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she expects scaling up the prototype won't be all that expensive. Although MOFs are a relatively new material, \"there are companies that already make various MOFS at very large bulk scales,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many steps before a mass-produced MOF-based water collector becomes a reality. It hasn't been shown, for example, that the water released by the MOF powder is free of contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's conceivable that someday if you're visiting Death Valley, one of the driest places in the United States, you'll be able to wet your whistle with a device based on Wang and Yaghi's concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Researchers+Find+A+New+Way+To+Make+Water+From+Thin+Air&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers have come up with a new way to extract water from thin air. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first technology that can turn water vapor in the atmosphere into liquid water that people can drink, but researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley say their approach uses less power and works in drier environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach makes use of a substance called a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/1230444\">MOF\u003c/a>, a metal-organic framework. As the name suggests, these are materials made of metals mixed with organic compounds. Powders made from MOFs are very porous, so researchers have proposed using them to store hydrogen or methane fuels or to capture carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIT's \u003ca href=\"http://meche.mit.edu/people/faculty/enwang@mit.edu\">Evelyn Wang\u003c/a> and her Berkeley colleague \u003ca href=\"http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/\">Omar Yaghi\u003c/a> decided to try using MOFs to capture water. MOF powders can not only suck up liquid water, they can also absorb water vapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's plenty of water vapor in the atmosphere. Even in the driest place on the planet there are tons of water molecules floating overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers built a small prototype water collector that contains a thin layer of MOF powder. The powder absorbs water vapor until it is saturated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you achieve that maximum amount,\" Wang says, \"you apply some type of heat to the system to release that water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the water is released, it collects in the bottom of the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other compounds that can suck water from the air, \u003ca href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zeolites/\">zeolites\u003c/a> for example, but Wang says it takes a significant amount of energy to get these materials to release the water. Not so with a MOF device. \"The amount of energy required is very low,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the prototype, the heat needed to drive the water out of the MOF comes from ambient sunlight — no external power supply is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408634\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead. \u003ccite>(MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As they report \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/04/12/science.aam8743\">in the journal Science\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> Wang and her colleagues tested the prototype of their MOF-based device on the roof of a building at MIT, and it worked great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's just a prototype. It used only a fraction of an ounce of the MOF powder. \"So the amount of water that we've shown is also pretty small,\" says Wang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Wang's calculations, a full-size system using about 2 pounds of MOF powder could deliver close to three quarts of water per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she expects scaling up the prototype won't be all that expensive. Although MOFs are a relatively new material, \"there are companies that already make various MOFS at very large bulk scales,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many steps before a mass-produced MOF-based water collector becomes a reality. It hasn't been shown, for example, that the water released by the MOF powder is free of contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's conceivable that someday if you're visiting Death Valley, one of the driest places in the United States, you'll be able to wet your whistle with a device based on Wang and Yaghi's concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Researchers+Find+A+New+Way+To+Make+Water+From+Thin+Air&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Injuries, Arrests in Berkeley After Rally For Trump",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:47 p.m., Saturday, April 15:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police have arrested 13 people and say they \"anticipate more\" after violence broke out at a pro-Trump demonstration in downtown Berkeley on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 200 supporters and protesters of President Donald Trump gathered at Berkeley's Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park when several people started pushing each other. Dozens of police officers in riot gear were standing nearby and quickly arrested one man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others were arrested after several fistfights broke out between gatherers for the so-called “Patriots Day” demonstration and “Antifa” counterprotest. At 1:48 p.m., police said there were a number of large fights, some property damage and numerous projectiles being thrown -- including fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Another flare up following two m-80s being thrown \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/berkeleyprotest?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#berkeleyprotest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDnews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQEDnews\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/ulYDTu4JlB\">pic.twitter.com/ulYDTu4JlB\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Bert Johnson (@bertjohnsonfoto) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto/status/853317956549328896?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Both sides squaring off on the edge of MLK park \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/berkeleyprotest?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#berkeleyprotest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDnews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQEDnews\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/vy9aUFg1py\">pic.twitter.com/vy9aUFg1py\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Bert Johnson (@bertjohnsonfoto) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto/status/853326739044311040?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/antifa?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#antifa\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Trump?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Trump\u003c/a> supporters face off across police barriers \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/berkeleyprotest?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#berkeleyprotest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDnews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQEDnews\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/t4PKCPwyMm\">pic.twitter.com/t4PKCPwyMm\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Bert Johnson (@bertjohnsonfoto) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto/status/853308102355042305?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan Damigo, founder of the white nationalist group Identity Evropa, said he was attending the demonstration to defend free speech, which he called \"a European value.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We feel it is important to be here today to ensure that people are able to speak without having violence used against them,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Nathan Damigo, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/IdentityEvropa?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@IdentityEvropa\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/berkeleyprotest?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#berkeleyprotest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/E4TOpH5w6D\">pic.twitter.com/E4TOpH5w6D\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Bert Johnson (@bertjohnsonfoto) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto/status/853307733713371136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police continued to follow demonstrators closely as they left the park, taking to the streets of Berkeley. BART announced it would not stop trains at the Downtown Berkeley station, and demonstrators blocked Center Street and Shattuck Avenue.[contextly_sidebar id=\"XrSMC8jxWQcp1WdYi8JWeIobV0qw4fY9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley banned protesters from carrying sticks, pipes, poles and \"anything else that can be used for a 'riot'\" in an effort to \"ensure the peaceful expression of free speech.\" In a statement released Friday, the city said the ban stemmed from violence at a similar demonstration in March. Berkeley police say they are still making arrests in connection with the March demonstration. Many who'd attended had come from out of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the warnings, police confiscated many such items at this demonstration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Berkeley police say they've removed the following items from crowds at todays demonstrations, say flags must be carried by hand, not affixed \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/s5dquAwayw\">pic.twitter.com/s5dquAwayw\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— KQED News (@KQEDnews) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDnews/status/853310997485862912?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, protesters threw rocks, broke windows and set fires outside UC Berkeley's student union building, where then-Breitbart News editor and provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos was set to speak. His presentation was canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853318251106885632\">https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853318251106885632\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853316034094219264\">https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853316034094219264\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853314817397891072\">https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853314817397891072\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The rally follows a March 4 confrontation planned by several of the same groups that left several people injured and led to arrests. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:47 p.m., Saturday, April 15:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police have arrested 13 people and say they \"anticipate more\" after violence broke out at a pro-Trump demonstration in downtown Berkeley on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 200 supporters and protesters of President Donald Trump gathered at Berkeley's Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park when several people started pushing each other. Dozens of police officers in riot gear were standing nearby and quickly arrested one man.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others were arrested after several fistfights broke out between gatherers for the so-called “Patriots Day” demonstration and “Antifa” counterprotest. At 1:48 p.m., police said there were a number of large fights, some property damage and numerous projectiles being thrown -- including fireworks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Another flare up following two m-80s being thrown \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/berkeleyprotest?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#berkeleyprotest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDnews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQEDnews\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/ulYDTu4JlB\">pic.twitter.com/ulYDTu4JlB\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Bert Johnson (@bertjohnsonfoto) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto/status/853317956549328896?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Both sides squaring off on the edge of MLK park \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/berkeleyprotest?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#berkeleyprotest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDnews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQEDnews\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/vy9aUFg1py\">pic.twitter.com/vy9aUFg1py\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Bert Johnson (@bertjohnsonfoto) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto/status/853326739044311040?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/antifa?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#antifa\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/Trump?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#Trump\u003c/a> supporters face off across police barriers \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/berkeleyprotest?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#berkeleyprotest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDnews?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@KQEDnews\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/t4PKCPwyMm\">pic.twitter.com/t4PKCPwyMm\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Bert Johnson (@bertjohnsonfoto) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto/status/853308102355042305?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan Damigo, founder of the white nationalist group Identity Evropa, said he was attending the demonstration to defend free speech, which he called \"a European value.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We feel it is important to be here today to ensure that people are able to speak without having violence used against them,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Nathan Damigo, founder of \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/IdentityEvropa?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@IdentityEvropa\u003c/a> at the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/berkeleyprotest?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#berkeleyprotest\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/E4TOpH5w6D\">pic.twitter.com/E4TOpH5w6D\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Bert Johnson (@bertjohnsonfoto) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/bertjohnsonfoto/status/853307733713371136?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police continued to follow demonstrators closely as they left the park, taking to the streets of Berkeley. BART announced it would not stop trains at the Downtown Berkeley station, and demonstrators blocked Center Street and Shattuck Avenue.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley banned protesters from carrying sticks, pipes, poles and \"anything else that can be used for a 'riot'\" in an effort to \"ensure the peaceful expression of free speech.\" In a statement released Friday, the city said the ban stemmed from violence at a similar demonstration in March. Berkeley police say they are still making arrests in connection with the March demonstration. Many who'd attended had come from out of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the warnings, police confiscated many such items at this demonstration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n\u003cp lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">Berkeley police say they've removed the following items from crowds at todays demonstrations, say flags must be carried by hand, not affixed \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/s5dquAwayw\">pic.twitter.com/s5dquAwayw\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— KQED News (@KQEDnews) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/KQEDnews/status/853310997485862912?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 15, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript async src=\"https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\">\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, protesters threw rocks, broke windows and set fires outside UC Berkeley's student union building, where then-Breitbart News editor and provocateur Milo Yiannopoulos was set to speak. His presentation was canceled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853318251106885632\">https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853318251106885632\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853316034094219264\">https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853316034094219264\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853314817397891072\">https://twitter.com/JohnLGC/status/853314817397891072\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week",
"headTitle": "Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>On April 19, a 2,000-foot-wide asteroid named \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6807\">2014 JO25 will pass\u003c/a> within 1.1 million miles of Earth. That’s about four and a half times the distance between the Earth and the moon. It’s a comfortable distance for a big space rock to fly by our planet—but like a black cat crossing our path, it may make many of us uneasy. Large objects have collided with the Earth in the past, and will again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of 2014 JO25 isn’t just a reminder that we should keep our eyes open when it comes to “Near Earth Objects.” It is an opportunity for observers—institutional and amateur alike—to study it up close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA will be pinging it with radar and scanning it with telescopes to learn as much as possible, and even enthusiasts with small telescopes will have an opportunity to spot a faint dot moving swiftly through the constellation Coma Berenices, high in the southern sky. The asteroid will become visible to small telescopes on April 19, and should remain so for a day or two afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550346\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-520x292.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16.jpg 1007w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The asteroid was discovered in May 2014 by researchers from the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, part of \u003ca href=\"https://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Near-Earth Object (NEO) Observations Program\u003c/a>, which seeks to find and track big rocks that come close to Earth’s orbital path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements made by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/neowise/main/index.html\">NASA’s WISE spacecraft\u003c/a> have gleaned more details about the rock, such as its size and the fact that its surface is twice as reflective as the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asteroid 2014 JO25 is not only a Near-Earth Object, but is classified as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Dangerous.html\">potentially hazardous asteroid\u003c/a> because it can cross Earth’s orbit, making a collision possible. Because it’s over a third of a mile across, the rock spells disaster for any region it hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no need to panic. Though the April 19 flyby will bring asteroid 2014 JO25 closer to Earth than it’s been in 400 years, it won’t be this close again for 500 years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1550238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg\" alt=\"The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within 4 lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang'e 2 in 2012. \" width=\"324\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg 324w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-240x228.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within four lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang’e 2 in 2012. \u003ccite>(CNSA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But close encounters with space rocks happen more often than you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth orbits the sun amidst a host of Near Earth Objects, many of which cross our orbit and are potential hazards. Since the beginning of this year, 13 asteroids are known to have passed inside of our moon’s orbit, less than 240,000 miles from Earth—though none of these have been larger than 100 feet across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next predicted passage of a large asteroid will be in 2027, when the half-mile-sized asteroid 1999 AN10 will make its closest flyby at 236,000 miles—roughly the distance from Earth to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens If an Asteroid Hits Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to speculate about what a major asteroid collision would do. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4380\">Asteroids and comets have struck the Earth\u003c/a>, in the distant past and \u003ca href=\"http://www.geert.io/the-frequency-of-large-meteoroids.html\">in recent times\u003c/a>. If you’ve visited the 50,000-year-old “Meteor Crater” near Winslow, Arizona, you’ve seen with your own eyes the impact scar a 160-foot asteroid can inflict: a crater three-quarters of a mile across and 600 feet deep!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-800x533.jpg\" alt='\"Meteor Crater\" (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. ' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Meteor Crater” (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. \u003ccite>(Kevin Walsh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On average, an asteroid larger than 300 feet across strikes the Earth every 10,000 years. An impact of this size will devastate a local region, and can produce tsunamis that would wipe out coastal areas farther away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1908, a comet or asteroid estimated between 200 and 620 feet across \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/30jun_tunguska\">exploded in the atmosphere over Siberia\u003c/a>, near the Stony Tunguska River. The aerial explosion flattened 770 square miles of forest (an area the size of Alameda County) and produced shock waves that were detected by seismographs in England. It was fortunate that the Tunguska event occurred in a sparsely populated area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550350\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-768x483.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1920x1208.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1180x742.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-960x604.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-240x151.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-375x236.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \u003ccite>(Evgeny Leonidovich Krinov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, in 2013 a 60-foot object \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svzB0QYNIWI\">exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia\u003c/a>, producing a burst of light as bright as the sun and an atmospheric shock wave that leveled some buildings and broke windows over a wide area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every several hundred thousand years a bigger object, half a mile across or larger, collides with the Earth, causing devastation of global proportions. Material is blasted into the atmosphere around the planet, choking off sunlight, producing acid rains, and even sparking firestorms by the intense heat of material reentering the atmosphere. Several ancient impact craters—also called “astroblemes”, or “star wounds”—attest to these past collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid implicated in the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was six miles across. The “astrobleme” it left behind is a hundred miles wide, though barely discernible today under forest and sea-floor sediments spanning the northern Yucatan Peninsula coastline. Impacts of this size happen on average every hundred million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555916\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png\" alt=\"The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across--the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-160x138.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-768x660.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-240x206.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-375x322.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-520x447.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater.png 857w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across–the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, for the first time in the history of our planet, our ability to detect asteroids and predict future impact probabilities makes it possible for us to do something to prevent a disaster. Through efforts like NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations Program, scientists have identified and plotted the orbital trajectories of all NEOs of “planet-killer” size—and the good news is that none of these are projected to hit us into the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the smaller asteroids, which are far more numerous and much more difficult to detect, observers acquire more information every time one appears and whizzes by our planet—sometimes with only hours of warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re learning more about them all the time.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On April 19, an asteroid as big as six football fields, named 2014 JO25 will pass 'near' Earth.\r\n",
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"description": "On April 19, an asteroid as big as six football fields, named 2014 JO25 will pass 'near' Earth.\r\n",
"title": "Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week | KQED",
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"headline": "Giant Asteroid Will Fly By Earth Next Week",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On April 19, a 2,000-foot-wide asteroid named \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6807\">2014 JO25 will pass\u003c/a> within 1.1 million miles of Earth. That’s about four and a half times the distance between the Earth and the moon. It’s a comfortable distance for a big space rock to fly by our planet—but like a black cat crossing our path, it may make many of us uneasy. Large objects have collided with the Earth in the past, and will again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The passage of 2014 JO25 isn’t just a reminder that we should keep our eyes open when it comes to “Near Earth Objects.” It is an opportunity for observers—institutional and amateur alike—to study it up close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA will be pinging it with radar and scanning it with telescopes to learn as much as possible, and even enthusiasts with small telescopes will have an opportunity to spot a faint dot moving swiftly through the constellation Coma Berenices, high in the southern sky. The asteroid will become visible to small telescopes on April 19, and should remain so for a day or two afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550346\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550346\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16-520x292.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid20170406-16.jpg 1007w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On April 19, Near Earth Asteroid 2014 JO25 will pass safely by Earth at a closest distance of about 1.1 million miles. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The asteroid was discovered in May 2014 by researchers from the Catalina Sky Survey in Arizona, part of \u003ca href=\"https://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/\">NASA’s Near-Earth Object (NEO) Observations Program\u003c/a>, which seeks to find and track big rocks that come close to Earth’s orbital path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measurements made by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/neowise/main/index.html\">NASA’s WISE spacecraft\u003c/a> have gleaned more details about the rock, such as its size and the fact that its surface is twice as reflective as the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asteroid 2014 JO25 is not only a Near-Earth Object, but is classified as a \u003ca href=\"http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/Dangerous.html\">potentially hazardous asteroid\u003c/a> because it can cross Earth’s orbit, making a collision possible. Because it’s over a third of a mile across, the rock spells disaster for any region it hits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But no need to panic. Though the April 19 flyby will bring asteroid 2014 JO25 closer to Earth than it’s been in 400 years, it won’t be this close again for 500 years or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550238\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 324px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1550238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg\" alt=\"The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within 4 lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang'e 2 in 2012. \" width=\"324\" height=\"308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2.jpg 324w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-160x152.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Toutatis_from_Change_2-240x228.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 324px) 100vw, 324px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Potentially Hazardous Asteroid 4179 Toutatis, which passed within four lunar distances of Earth in 2004. This picture was captured by the Chinese lunar probe Chang’e 2 in 2012. \u003ccite>(CNSA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But close encounters with space rocks happen more often than you think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earth orbits the sun amidst a host of Near Earth Objects, many of which cross our orbit and are potential hazards. Since the beginning of this year, 13 asteroids are known to have passed inside of our moon’s orbit, less than 240,000 miles from Earth—though none of these have been larger than 100 feet across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next predicted passage of a large asteroid will be in 2027, when the half-mile-sized asteroid 1999 AN10 will make its closest flyby at 236,000 miles—roughly the distance from Earth to the moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Happens If an Asteroid Hits Earth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to speculate about what a major asteroid collision would do. \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4380\">Asteroids and comets have struck the Earth\u003c/a>, in the distant past and \u003ca href=\"http://www.geert.io/the-frequency-of-large-meteoroids.html\">in recent times\u003c/a>. If you’ve visited the 50,000-year-old “Meteor Crater” near Winslow, Arizona, you’ve seen with your own eyes the impact scar a 160-foot asteroid can inflict: a crater three-quarters of a mile across and 600 feet deep!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550349\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550349\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-800x533.jpg\" alt='\"Meteor Crater\" (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. ' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/800px-Meteor_Crater_Arizona-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Meteor Crater” (also called Barringer Crater) near Winslow, Arizona. This three-quarter-mile-wide, 600-foot deep crater was formed by the impact of a 160-foot sized asteroid 50,000 years ago. \u003ccite>(Kevin Walsh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On average, an asteroid larger than 300 feet across strikes the Earth every 10,000 years. An impact of this size will devastate a local region, and can produce tsunamis that would wipe out coastal areas farther away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1908, a comet or asteroid estimated between 200 and 620 feet across \u003ca href=\"https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2008/30jun_tunguska\">exploded in the atmosphere over Siberia\u003c/a>, near the Stony Tunguska River. The aerial explosion flattened 770 square miles of forest (an area the size of Alameda County) and produced shock waves that were detected by seismographs in England. It was fortunate that the Tunguska event occurred in a sparsely populated area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1550350\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1550350\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-800x503.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-160x101.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-768x483.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1020x642.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1920x1208.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-1180x742.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-960x604.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-240x151.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-375x236.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Tunguska_event_fallen_trees-520x327.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trees toppled by the 1908 aerial explosion over Siberia that flattened 770 square miles of forest. \u003ccite>(Evgeny Leonidovich Krinov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More recently, in 2013 a 60-foot object \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svzB0QYNIWI\">exploded over Chelyabinsk, Russia\u003c/a>, producing a burst of light as bright as the sun and an atmospheric shock wave that leveled some buildings and broke windows over a wide area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every several hundred thousand years a bigger object, half a mile across or larger, collides with the Earth, causing devastation of global proportions. Material is blasted into the atmosphere around the planet, choking off sunlight, producing acid rains, and even sparking firestorms by the intense heat of material reentering the atmosphere. Several ancient impact craters—also called “astroblemes”, or “star wounds”—attest to these past collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The asteroid implicated in the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago was six miles across. The “astrobleme” it left behind is a hundred miles wide, though barely discernible today under forest and sea-floor sediments spanning the northern Yucatan Peninsula coastline. Impacts of this size happen on average every hundred million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1555916\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1555916\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png\" alt=\"The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across--the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \" width=\"800\" height=\"688\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-800x688.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-160x138.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-768x660.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-240x206.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-375x322.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater-520x447.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/asteroid-chicxulub-crater.png 857w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The perimeter of Chicxulub Crater (red circle), the impact basin caused by the 6-mile-wide asteroid believed to have caused the extinction of the dinosaurs 65 million years ago, is about 100 miles across–the distance between Houston and Austin, Texas. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Today, for the first time in the history of our planet, our ability to detect asteroids and predict future impact probabilities makes it possible for us to do something to prevent a disaster. Through efforts like NASA’s Near-Earth Object Observations Program, scientists have identified and plotted the orbital trajectories of all NEOs of “planet-killer” size—and the good news is that none of these are projected to hit us into the foreseeable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the smaller asteroids, which are far more numerous and much more difficult to detect, observers acquire more information every time one appears and whizzes by our planet—sometimes with only hours of warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we’re learning more about them all the time.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"soldout": {
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