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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramin, who had ineffective minor surgery for her back pain, said the post-surgical woes of Tiger Woods and Golden State Warriors' coach Steve Kerr serve as prime examples of what can go wrong with back surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>‘Minimally invasive surgery' is a marketing term. ‘The damage beneath the skin will be exactly the same as it would be in traditional spine surgery.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She said some athletes do have successful surgery for back pain, but that it's unlikely their example would apply to the rest of us. “Those athletes are highly, highly \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/31/back-pain-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More ...\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/05/31/back-pain-treatment/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"How the Back Pain Industry is Taking Patients for a Dangerous Ride\" rel=\"nofollow\">Future of You\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Report: Official Says Trump Expected to Pull U.S. From Paris Deal",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — President Trump is expected to pull the United States from a landmark global climate agreement, a White House official said Wednesday, though there could be \"caveats in the language\" announcing a withdrawal, leaving open the possibility that his decision isn't final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exiting the deal would fulfill a central campaign pledge from the president, but would be certain to anger allies that spent years negotiating the accord to reduce carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official insisted on anonymity in order to discuss the decision before the official announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted on Wednesday morning: \"I will be announcing my decision on the Paris Accord over the next few days. MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/869903459511918592\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Trump currently favors an exit, he has been known to change his thinking on major decisions and tends to seek counsel from a range of inside and outside advisers, many with differing agendas, until the last minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's top aides have been divided on the accord. On Wednesday afternoon, Trump was to meet with Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, who has favored remaining in the deal. Chief strategist Steve Bannon supports an exit, while senior adviser Jared Kushner generally thinks the deal is bad, but would like to find a way to see if the U.S. emissions targets can be changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 200 nations, including the United States under President Barack Obama's administration, agreed in 2015 to voluntarily reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to combat climate change. Withdrawing would leave the United States aligned only with Russia among the world's industrialized economies in rejecting action to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump pledged during his presidential campaign to withdraw the U.S. from the pact immediately after taking office, but had wavered on the issue since winning the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump's overseas trip last week, European leaders pressed him to keep the U.S. in the pact. French President Emmanuel Macron spoke with Trump at length about the issue during a meeting in Brussels, and even at the Vatican, Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin made his own pro-Paris pitch to Trump and his advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"hTym6ZT85EnlM1zCkTbWoniCOgRWYRI4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of Trump's expected decision drew swift reaction from the United Nations. The organization's main Twitter page quoted Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as saying, \"Climate change is undeniable. Climate change is unstoppable. Climate solutions provide opportunities that are unmatchable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club's executive director, Michael Brune, called the expected move a \"historic mistake which our grandchildren will look back on with stunned dismay at how a world leader could be so divorced from reality and morality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump claimed before taking office that climate change was a \"hoax\" created by the Chinese to hurt the U.S. economy. Such an assertion stands in defiance of broad scientific consensus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump's chief White House economic adviser, Gary Cohn, told reporters during the trip abroad that Trump's views on climate change were \"evolving\" following the president's discussions with European leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Trump's expected decision comes a day after the president met with Scott Pruitt, the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Like his boss, Pruitt has questioned the consensus of climate scientists that the Earth is warming and that man-made climate emissions are to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once in power, Trump and Pruitt have moved to delay or roll back federal regulations limiting greenhouse gas emissions while pledging to revive the long-struggling U.S. coal mines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yVUxHgbWgtp7b6NpaZgpay4s5Ryijv8L\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is not yet clear is whether Trump plans to initiate a formal withdrawal from the Paris accord, which under the terms of the agreement could take three years, or exit the underlying U.N. climate change treaty on which the accord was based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., and 21 other Republicans sent Trump a letter last week urging him to follow through on his campaign pledge to pull out of the climate accord. Most of the senators who signed are from states that depend on the continued burning of coal, oil and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been influential voices urging Trump not to ditch the Paris accord. Forty Democratic senators sent Trump a letter urging him to stay in, saying a withdrawal would hurt America's credibility and influence on the world stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of high-profile businesses have spoken out in favor of the deal, including Apple, Google and Walmart. Even fossil fuel companies such as Exxon Mobil, BP and Shell say the United States should abide by the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is the world's second-largest emitter of carbon, following only China. Beijing, however, has reaffirmed its commitment to meeting its targets under the Paris accord, recently canceling construction of about 100 coal-fired power plants and investing billions in massive wind and solar projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writers Jill Colvin and Michael Biesecker contributed from Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON — President Trump is expected to pull the United States from a landmark global climate agreement, a White House official said Wednesday, though there could be \"caveats in the language\" announcing a withdrawal, leaving open the possibility that his decision isn't final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exiting the deal would fulfill a central campaign pledge from the president, but would be certain to anger allies that spent years negotiating the accord to reduce carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official insisted on anonymity in order to discuss the decision before the official announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted on Wednesday morning: \"I will be announcing my decision on the Paris Accord over the next few days. MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Trump currently favors an exit, he has been known to change his thinking on major decisions and tends to seek counsel from a range of inside and outside advisers, many with differing agendas, until the last minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's top aides have been divided on the accord. On Wednesday afternoon, Trump was to meet with Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, who has favored remaining in the deal. Chief strategist Steve Bannon supports an exit, while senior adviser Jared Kushner generally thinks the deal is bad, but would like to find a way to see if the U.S. emissions targets can be changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 200 nations, including the United States under President Barack Obama's administration, agreed in 2015 to voluntarily reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to combat climate change. Withdrawing would leave the United States aligned only with Russia among the world's industrialized economies in rejecting action to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump pledged during his presidential campaign to withdraw the U.S. from the pact immediately after taking office, but had wavered on the issue since winning the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump's overseas trip last week, European leaders pressed him to keep the U.S. in the pact. French President Emmanuel Macron spoke with Trump at length about the issue during a meeting in Brussels, and even at the Vatican, Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin made his own pro-Paris pitch to Trump and his advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of Trump's expected decision drew swift reaction from the United Nations. The organization's main Twitter page quoted Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as saying, \"Climate change is undeniable. Climate change is unstoppable. Climate solutions provide opportunities that are unmatchable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club's executive director, Michael Brune, called the expected move a \"historic mistake which our grandchildren will look back on with stunned dismay at how a world leader could be so divorced from reality and morality.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump claimed before taking office that climate change was a \"hoax\" created by the Chinese to hurt the U.S. economy. Such an assertion stands in defiance of broad scientific consensus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump's chief White House economic adviser, Gary Cohn, told reporters during the trip abroad that Trump's views on climate change were \"evolving\" following the president's discussions with European leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Trump's expected decision comes a day after the president met with Scott Pruitt, the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Like his boss, Pruitt has questioned the consensus of climate scientists that the Earth is warming and that man-made climate emissions are to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once in power, Trump and Pruitt have moved to delay or roll back federal regulations limiting greenhouse gas emissions while pledging to revive the long-struggling U.S. coal mines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is not yet clear is whether Trump plans to initiate a formal withdrawal from the Paris accord, which under the terms of the agreement could take three years, or exit the underlying U.N. climate change treaty on which the accord was based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., and 21 other Republicans sent Trump a letter last week urging him to follow through on his campaign pledge to pull out of the climate accord. Most of the senators who signed are from states that depend on the continued burning of coal, oil and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been influential voices urging Trump not to ditch the Paris accord. Forty Democratic senators sent Trump a letter urging him to stay in, saying a withdrawal would hurt America's credibility and influence on the world stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of high-profile businesses have spoken out in favor of the deal, including Apple, Google and Walmart. Even fossil fuel companies such as Exxon Mobil, BP and Shell say the United States should abide by the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is the world's second-largest emitter of carbon, following only China. Beijing, however, has reaffirmed its commitment to meeting its targets under the Paris accord, recently canceling construction of about 100 coal-fired power plants and investing billions in massive wind and solar projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writers Jill Colvin and Michael Biesecker contributed from Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Workers Report Injuries at Tesla Fremont Plant as Company Ramps Up Production",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jonathan Galescu’s story starts in 2014. He was a 28-year-old father of three. He had a mortgage, mouths to feed and bills piling up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galescu was making a decent living but wanted something more steady. Then his phone rang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got a call out of nowhere from a lady,” Galescu said. “They were trying to offer me a job to work at Tesla.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galescu took it. He became an autoworker. Today he fixes blemishes and dings on cars before they get painted and shipped out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's literally like running a marathon for 12 hours a day nonstop,\" Galescu said. It's \"like a massive pit crew trying to take care of all the repairs in the short amount of time before the paint.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galescu stayed at Tesla because he thought it would pay off. The company promised a raise and stock options. And then there was the Red Bull.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They bring in the Red Bull girls and give us Red Bulls to keep us hyper and keep going and stuff like that,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep the workers going to hit production numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla CEO Elon Musk \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-results-idUSKCN0XV2JL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told investors \u003c/a>that by next year the company will produce 500,000 cars. In 2016, Tesla produced about 84,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Tesla’s success depends on hitting that target. The company's stock has skyrocketed, and as of April, \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/03/investing/tesla-ford-market-value-gm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tesla is more valuable than Ford\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But workers say ramping up production has had a cost: injuries. KQED spoke to four Tesla workers who say the relentless pace often meant ignoring safety procedures and ergonomic issues. The result: People got hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a blog post, Tesla said only a small number of employees are complaining about safety conditions. Tesla also said it’s fixed many of the ergonomic and safety problems flagged by some employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galescu said it happened to him. A machine that should have been fixed wasn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the whole part came at me like a batter and hit me in the chest,\" Galescu said. \"And sent me flying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galescu said he makes around $21 per hour and has a stake in Tesla. Right now, he has 29 shares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in some ways that’s the reputation of Silicon Valley -- overworked, intense competition, but you understand: You make it, \u003cem>if\u003c/em> your company makes it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://gse.berkeley.edu/people/harley-shaiken\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harley Shaiken\u003c/a> is an automotive labor economist at UC Berkeley, and he said that ethos doesn’t really work at Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spirit of startups where everyone works 20 hours a day on creative, intellectual work clashes with the realities of the shop floor where the work is physically demanding,” Shaiken said. \"Ultimately, it's a manufacturing plant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s how some Tesla workers see it, too. Galescu is part of a group working with the United Automobile Workers to unionize Tesla's Fremont plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED, Tesla said the importance of stock options can’t be ignored and Tesla shares have increased more than 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Jonathan Galescu, the autoworker, he’s not thinking about stock options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My body is beat up,\" Galescu said. \"They throw a little stock at you and then you have to wait.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Galescu said that, unlike tech workers, he doesn’t make that much money for the Bay Area. In the meantime, those bills are still piling up.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galescu stayed at Tesla because he thought it would pay off. The company promised a raise and stock options. And then there was the Red Bull.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They bring in the Red Bull girls and give us Red Bulls to keep us hyper and keep going and stuff like that,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keep the workers going to hit production numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla CEO Elon Musk \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-tesla-results-idUSKCN0XV2JL\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">told investors \u003c/a>that by next year the company will produce 500,000 cars. In 2016, Tesla produced about 84,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Tesla’s success depends on hitting that target. The company's stock has skyrocketed, and as of April, \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/04/03/investing/tesla-ford-market-value-gm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tesla is more valuable than Ford\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But workers say ramping up production has had a cost: injuries. KQED spoke to four Tesla workers who say the relentless pace often meant ignoring safety procedures and ergonomic issues. The result: People got hurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a blog post, Tesla said only a small number of employees are complaining about safety conditions. Tesla also said it’s fixed many of the ergonomic and safety problems flagged by some employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galescu said it happened to him. A machine that should have been fixed wasn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And the whole part came at me like a batter and hit me in the chest,\" Galescu said. \"And sent me flying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Galescu said he makes around $21 per hour and has a stake in Tesla. Right now, he has 29 shares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in some ways that’s the reputation of Silicon Valley -- overworked, intense competition, but you understand: You make it, \u003cem>if\u003c/em> your company makes it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://gse.berkeley.edu/people/harley-shaiken\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Harley Shaiken\u003c/a> is an automotive labor economist at UC Berkeley, and he said that ethos doesn’t really work at Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The spirit of startups where everyone works 20 hours a day on creative, intellectual work clashes with the realities of the shop floor where the work is physically demanding,” Shaiken said. \"Ultimately, it's a manufacturing plant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s how some Tesla workers see it, too. Galescu is part of a group working with the United Automobile Workers to unionize Tesla's Fremont plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to KQED, Tesla said the importance of stock options can’t be ignored and Tesla shares have increased more than 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for Jonathan Galescu, the autoworker, he’s not thinking about stock options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My body is beat up,\" Galescu said. \"They throw a little stock at you and then you have to wait.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Galescu said that, unlike tech workers, he doesn’t make that much money for the Bay Area. In the meantime, those bills are still piling up.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Leaving Segregated Areas Lowered African-Americans' Blood Pressure",
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"content": "\u003cp>African-Americans experience a significant drop in their blood pressure after they move out of highly segregated neighborhoods and into more integrated neighborhoods, researchers reported recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.1226\">study\u003c/a> involving more than 2,000 African-Americans found that those who moved from the most-segregated neighborhoods to less-segregated neighborhoods later experienced lower systolic blood pressure, a factor in heart attacks and strokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The researchers found the difference in blood pressure persisted after accounting for other factors that could have played a role, such as changes in income and education.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The big message here is that this study shines a light on one of the root causes of heart disease and stroke in our country,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cardiovascularbusiness.com/topics/practice-management/nhlbi-names-david-goff-director-division-cardiovascular-sciences\">David Goff\u003c/a>, director of the division of cardiovascular diseases at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which funded the study. It was published in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors have known for a long time that African-Americans are prone to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024199/\">high blood pressure\u003c/a>. And previous research had found that people living in segregated places tended to have higher blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study is the first to follow people over time to see how leaving segregated communities could affect the risk of heart disease. This kind of before-and-after study strengthens the observations made in the earlier studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiarri Kershaw, an assistant professor of preventive medicine at Northwestern University, and her colleagues followed 2,280 African-Americans participating in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/research/resources/obesity/population/cardia.htm\">Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults\u003c/a> study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subjects were living in highly segregated neighborhoods in Chicago, Minneapolis, Birmingham, Ala., and Oakland, Calif., when the study began in 1985. They were between the ages of 18 and 30 when the study started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers followed the study subjects for 25 years, when they reached the ages of 43 to 55. Those who moved away from highly segregated neighborhoods to less-segregated neighborhoods and stayed there during that period had significantly lower blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their systolic blood pressure, the first of the two numbers used to measure blood pressure, was one to five points lower, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the differences in blood pressure may seem small, that difference among a large number of people could translate into thousands fewer heart attacks and strokes over time. Systolic blood pressure is thought to be the more important number when it comes to developing cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's pretty powerful in the sense that the reasons for their moves were not necessarily for their health, but it has these other added benefits,\" Kershaw says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study did not examine how moving to less-segregated neighborhoods could affect blood pressure. But Kershaw thinks it's probably because of a combination of factors, including experiencing less stress from being exposed to less violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a decent-size body of evidence relating stress to blood pressure and that's one pathway that we hypothesize that segregation influences health — through exposure to violence, things like that — that could increase your stress level and then potentially influence blood pressure,\" Kershaw says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less-segregated neighborhoods may also provide more economic opportunities for people and their children and access to better schools, which could also reduce stress, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, those neighborhoods may also make it easier to live healthier lifestyles by having more access to parks, sidewalks, gyms, grocery stores with more fresh produce and pharmacies to get medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found the difference in blood pressure persisted after accounting for other factors that could have played a role, such as changes in income and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kershaw acknowledges, however, that moving to less segregated neighborhoods could increase stress in at least one way — by potentially exposing African-Americans to more racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's certainly possible that those who move to less segregated neighborhoods experience more exposure to racism, which could be one reason why some African-Americans choose to stay in more segregated neighborhoods,\" she wrote in an email. She noted that African-Americans living in more segregated neighborhoods tend to have better mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kershaw says her study found there was an overall beneficial ffect on blood pressure of leaving a segregated neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The take-home message is that policies that can allow people who are living in segregated neighborhoods to move and live in more integrated neighborhoods have some spillover effects that influences health like blood pressures,\" Kershaw says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. \"This study is really important,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ashish-jha/\">Ashish Jha\u003c/a>, who studies health policy at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It helps us really feel much more confident that there's something about segregation itself that's leading to worse health outcomes,\" Jha says. \"And this study says that we really do have to tackle segregation if we're going to really improve the health of minorities in America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Leaving+Segregated+Neighborhoods+Lowers+Blacks%27+Blood+Pressure&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>African-Americans experience a significant drop in their blood pressure after they move out of highly segregated neighborhoods and into more integrated neighborhoods, researchers reported recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/10.1001/jamainternmed.2017.1226\">study\u003c/a> involving more than 2,000 African-Americans found that those who moved from the most-segregated neighborhoods to less-segregated neighborhoods later experienced lower systolic blood pressure, a factor in heart attacks and strokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The researchers found the difference in blood pressure persisted after accounting for other factors that could have played a role, such as changes in income and education.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"The big message here is that this study shines a light on one of the root causes of heart disease and stroke in our country,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.cardiovascularbusiness.com/topics/practice-management/nhlbi-names-david-goff-director-division-cardiovascular-sciences\">David Goff\u003c/a>, director of the division of cardiovascular diseases at the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, which funded the study. It was published in \u003cem>JAMA Internal Medicine\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doctors have known for a long time that African-Americans are prone to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMHT0024199/\">high blood pressure\u003c/a>. And previous research had found that people living in segregated places tended to have higher blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new study is the first to follow people over time to see how leaving segregated communities could affect the risk of heart disease. This kind of before-and-after study strengthens the observations made in the earlier studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiarri Kershaw, an assistant professor of preventive medicine at Northwestern University, and her colleagues followed 2,280 African-Americans participating in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/research/resources/obesity/population/cardia.htm\">Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults\u003c/a> study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subjects were living in highly segregated neighborhoods in Chicago, Minneapolis, Birmingham, Ala., and Oakland, Calif., when the study began in 1985. They were between the ages of 18 and 30 when the study started.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers followed the study subjects for 25 years, when they reached the ages of 43 to 55. Those who moved away from highly segregated neighborhoods to less-segregated neighborhoods and stayed there during that period had significantly lower blood pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their systolic blood pressure, the first of the two numbers used to measure blood pressure, was one to five points lower, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the differences in blood pressure may seem small, that difference among a large number of people could translate into thousands fewer heart attacks and strokes over time. Systolic blood pressure is thought to be the more important number when it comes to developing cardiovascular disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's pretty powerful in the sense that the reasons for their moves were not necessarily for their health, but it has these other added benefits,\" Kershaw says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study did not examine how moving to less-segregated neighborhoods could affect blood pressure. But Kershaw thinks it's probably because of a combination of factors, including experiencing less stress from being exposed to less violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a decent-size body of evidence relating stress to blood pressure and that's one pathway that we hypothesize that segregation influences health — through exposure to violence, things like that — that could increase your stress level and then potentially influence blood pressure,\" Kershaw says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less-segregated neighborhoods may also provide more economic opportunities for people and their children and access to better schools, which could also reduce stress, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, those neighborhoods may also make it easier to live healthier lifestyles by having more access to parks, sidewalks, gyms, grocery stores with more fresh produce and pharmacies to get medication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers found the difference in blood pressure persisted after accounting for other factors that could have played a role, such as changes in income and education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kershaw acknowledges, however, that moving to less segregated neighborhoods could increase stress in at least one way — by potentially exposing African-Americans to more racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's certainly possible that those who move to less segregated neighborhoods experience more exposure to racism, which could be one reason why some African-Americans choose to stay in more segregated neighborhoods,\" she wrote in an email. She noted that African-Americans living in more segregated neighborhoods tend to have better mental health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kershaw says her study found there was an overall beneficial ffect on blood pressure of leaving a segregated neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The take-home message is that policies that can allow people who are living in segregated neighborhoods to move and live in more integrated neighborhoods have some spillover effects that influences health like blood pressures,\" Kershaw says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. \"This study is really important,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/ashish-jha/\">Ashish Jha\u003c/a>, who studies health policy at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and was not involved in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It helps us really feel much more confident that there's something about segregation itself that's leading to worse health outcomes,\" Jha says. \"And this study says that we really do have to tackle segregation if we're going to really improve the health of minorities in America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Leaving+Segregated+Neighborhoods+Lowers+Blacks%27+Blood+Pressure&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How a Theory of Crime and Policing Was Born, and Went Terribly Wrong",
"title": "How a Theory of Crime and Policing Was Born, and Went Terribly Wrong",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In 1969, Philip Zimbardo, a psychologist from Stanford University, ran an interesting field study. He abandoned two cars in two very different places: one in a mostly poor, crime-ridden section of New York City, and the other in a fairly affluent neighborhood of Palo Alto. Both cars were left without license plates and parked with their hoods up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After just 10 minutes, passers-by in New York City began vandalizing the car. First they stripped it for parts. Then the random destruction began. Windows were smashed. The car was destroyed. But in Palo Alto, the other car remained untouched for more than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Zimbardo did something unusual: He took a sledgehammer and gave the California car a smash. After that, passers-by quickly ripped it apart, just as they'd done in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This field study was a simple demonstration of how something that is clearly neglected can quickly become a target for vandals. But it eventually morphed into something far more than that. It became the basis for one of the most influential theories of crime and policing in America: \"broken windows.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen years after the Zimbardo study, criminologists George L. Kelling and James Q. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/03/broken-windows/304465/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote an article for \u003cem>The Atlantic\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. They were fascinated by what had happened to Zimbardo's abandoned cars and thought the findings could be applied on a larger scale, to entire communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea [is] that once disorder begins, it doesn't matter what the neighborhood is, things can begin to get out of control,\" Kelling tells Hidden Brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/530128565/530251652\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the article, Kelling and Wilson suggested that a broken window or other visible signs of disorder or decay -- think loitering, graffiti, prostitution or drug use -- can send the signal that a neighborhood is uncared for. So, they thought, if police departments addressed those problems, maybe the bigger crimes wouldn't happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you begin to deal with the small problems in neighborhoods, you begin to empower those neighborhoods,\" says Kelling. \"People claim their public spaces, and the store owners extend their concerns to what happened on the streets. Communities get strengthened once order is restored or maintained, and it is that dynamic that helps to prevent crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelling and Wilson proposed that police departments change their focus. Instead of channeling most resources into solving major crimes, they should instead try to clean up the streets and maintain order -- such as keeping people from smoking pot in public and cracking down on subway fare beaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The argument came at an opportune time, says Columbia University law professor Bernard Harcourt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was a period of high crime, and high incarceration, and it seemed there was no way out of that dynamic. It seemed as if there was no way out of just filling prisons to address the crime problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An Idea Moves From the Ivory Tower to the Streets\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As policymakers were scrambling for answers, a new mayor in New York City came to power offering a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudy Giuliani won election in 1993, promising to reduce crime and clean up the streets. Very quickly, he adopted broken windows as his mantra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was one of those rare ideas that appealed to both sides of the aisle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservatives liked the policy because it meant restoring order. Liberals liked it, Harcourt says, because it seemed like an enlightened way to prevent crime: \"It seemed like a magical solution. It allowed everybody to find a way in their own mind to get rid of the panhandler, the guy sleeping on the street, the prostitute, the drugs, the litter, and it allowed liberals to do that while still feeling self-righteous and good about themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giuliani and his new police commissioner, William Bratton, focused first on cleaning up the subway system, where 250,000 people a day weren't paying their fare. They sent hundreds of police officers into the subways to crack down on turnstile jumpers and vandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11486209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11486209\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"Former NYPD Commissioner William Bratton.\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-800x561.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-1180x828.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-960x674.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-240x168.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-375x263.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former NYPD Commissioner William Bratton. \u003ccite>(Larry Busacca/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Very quickly, they found confirmation for their theory. Going after petty crime led the police to violent criminals, says Kelling: \"Not all fare beaters were criminals, but a lot of criminals were fare beaters. It turns out serious criminals are pretty busy. They commit minor offenses as well as major offenses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy was quickly scaled up from the subway to the entire city of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police ramped up misdemeanor arrests for things like smoking marijuana in public, spraying graffiti and selling loose cigarettes. And almost instantly, they were able to trumpet their success. Crime was falling. The murder rate plummeted. It seemed like a miracle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The media loved the story, and Giuliani cruised to re-election in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Kelling and a colleague \u003ca href=\"http://www.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/cr_22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">did follow-up research on broken windows policing\u003c/a> and found what they believed was clear evidence of its success. In neighborhoods where there was a sharp increase in misdemeanor arrests — suggesting broken windows policing was in force — there was also a sharp decline in crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2001, broken windows had become one of Giuliani's greatest accomplishments. In his farewell address, he emphasized the beautiful and simple idea behind the success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The broken windows theory replaced the idea that we were too busy to pay attention to street-level prostitution, too busy to pay attention to panhandling, too busy to pay attention to graffiti,\" he said. \"Well, you can't be too busy to pay attention to those things, because those are the things that underlie the problems of crime that you have in your society.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Questions Begin to Emerge About Broken Windows\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Right from the start, there were signs something was wrong with the beautiful narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Crime was starting to go down in New York prior to the Giuliani election and prior to the implementation of broken windows policing,\" says Harcourt, the Columbia law professor. \"And of course what we witnessed from that period, basically from about 1991, was that the crime in the country starts going down, and it's a remarkable drop in violent crime in this country. Now, what's so remarkable about it is how widespread it was.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harcourt points out that crime dropped not only in New York, but in many other cities where nothing like broken windows policing was in place. In fact, crime even fell in parts of the country where police departments were mired in corruption scandals and largely viewed as dysfunctional, such as Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Los Angeles is really interesting because Los Angeles was wracked with terrible policing problems during the whole time, and crime drops as much in Los Angeles as it does in New York,\" says Harcourt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were lots of theories to explain the nationwide decline in crime. Some said it was the growing economy or the end of the crack cocaine epidemic. Some criminologists credited harsher sentencing guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Harcourt found the evidence supporting the broken windows theory might be flawed. He reviewed the study Kelling had conducted in 2001, and found the areas that saw the largest number of misdemeanor arrests also had the biggest drops in violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harcourt says the earlier study failed to consider what's called a \"reversion to the mean.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's something that a lot of investment bankers and investors know about because it's well-known and in the stock market,\" says Harcourt. \"Basically, the idea is if something goes up a lot, it tends to go down a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A graph in Kelling's 2001 paper is revealing. It shows the crime rate falling dramatically in the early 1990s. But this small view gives us a selective picture. Right before this decline came a spike in crime. And if you go further back, you see a series of spikes and declines. And each time, the bigger a spike, the bigger the decline that follows, as crime reverts to the mean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelling acknowledges that broken windows may not have had a dramatic effect on crime. But he thinks it still has value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if broken windows did not have a substantial impact on crime, order is an end in itself in a cosmopolitan, diverse world,\" he says. \"Strangers have to feel comfortable moving through communities for those communities to thrive. Order is an end in itself, and it doesn't need the justification of serious crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Order might be an end in itself, but it's worth noting that this was not the premise on which the broken windows theory was sold. It was advertised as an innovative way to control violent crime, not just a way to get panhandlers and prostitutes off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Broken Windows' Morphs Into 'Stop And Frisk'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Harcourt says there was another big problem with broken windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We immediately saw a sharp increase in complaints of police misconduct. Starting in 1993, what you're going to see is a tremendous amount of disorder that erupts as a result of broken windows policing, with complaints skyrocketing, with settlements of police misconduct cases skyrocketing, and of course with incidents, brutal incidents, all of a sudden happening at a faster and faster clip.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem intensified with a new practice that grew out of broken windows. It was called \"stop and frisk,\" and was embraced in New York City after Mayor Michael Bloomberg won election in 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If broken windows meant arresting people for misdemeanors in hopes of preventing more serious crimes, \"stop and frisk\" said, why even wait for the misdemeanor? Why not go ahead and stop, question and search anyone who looked suspicious?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11486212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11486212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-800x519.jpg\" alt=\"An NYPD officer on patrol in New York City.\" width=\"800\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-800x519.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-960x623.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An NYPD officer on patrol in New York City. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were high-profile cases where misdemeanor arrests or stopping and questioning did lead to information that helped solve much more serious crimes, even homicides. But there were many more cases where police stops turned up nothing. In 2008, police made nearly 250,000 stops in New York for what they called furtive movements. Only one-fifteenth of 1 percent of those turned up a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even more problematic, in order to be able to go after disorder, you have to be able to define it. Is it a trash bag covering a broken window? Teenagers on a street corner playing music too loudly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Chicago, researchers Robert Sampson and Stephen Raudenbush \u003ca href=\"http://spq.sagepub.com/content/67/4/319.short?rss=1&ssource=mfc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed what makes people perceive social disorder\u003c/a>. They found that if two neighborhoods had exactly the same amount of graffiti and litter and loitering, people saw more disorder, more broken windows, in neighborhoods with more African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Kelling is not an advocate of stop and frisk. In fact, all the way back in 1982, he foresaw the possibility that giving police wide discretion could lead to abuse. In his article, he and James Q. Wilson write: \"How do we ensure ... that the police do not become the agents of neighborhood bigotry? We can offer no wholly satisfactory answer to this important question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2013, a federal district court found that New York City's stop and frisk policy was unconstitutional because of the way it singled out young black and Hispanic men. Later that year, New York elected its first liberal mayor in 20 years. Bill de Blasio celebrated the end of stop and frisk. But he did not do away with broken windows. In fact, he re-appointed Rudy Giuliani's police commissioner, Bill Bratton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just seven months after taking over again as the head of the New York Police Department, Bratton's broken windows policy came under fresh scrutiny. The reason: the death of Eric Garner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, a bystander caught on cellphone video the deadly clash between New York City police officers and Garner, an African-American. After a verbal confrontation, officers tackled Garner, while restraining him with a chokehold, a practice that is banned in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garner died not long after he was brought down to the ground. His death sparked massive protests, and his name is now synonymous with the distrust between police and African-American communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For George Kelling, this was not the end that he had hoped for. As a researcher, he's one of the few whose ideas have left the academy and spread like wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once politicians and the media fell in love with his idea, they took it to places that he never intended and could not control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When, during the 1990s, I would occasionally read in a newspaper something like a new chief comes in and says, 'I'm going to implement broken windows tomorrow,' I would listen to that with dismay because [it's] a highly discretionary activity by police that needs extensive training, formal guidelines, constant monitoring and oversight. So do I worry about the implementation about broken windows? A whole lot ... because it can be done very badly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Kelling says, it might be time to move away from the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's to the point now where I wonder if we should back away from the metaphor of broken windows. We didn't know how powerful it was going to be. It simplified, it was easy to communicate, a lot of people got it as a result of the metaphor. It was attractive for a long time. But as you know, metaphors can wear out and become stale.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the consensus among social scientists is that broken windows likely did have modest effects on crime. But few believe it caused the 60 or 70 percent decline in violent crime for which it was once credited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet despite all the evidence, the idea continues to be popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernard Harcourt says there is a reason for that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a simple story that people can latch onto and that is a lot more pleasant to live with than the complexities of life. The fact is that crime dropped in America dramatically from the 1990s, and that there aren't really good, clean nationwide explanations for it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of broken windows is a story of our fascination with easy fixes and seductive theories. Once an idea like that takes hold, it's nearly impossible to get the genie back in the bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Hidden Brain Podcast is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Maggie Penman, Jennifer Schmidt, Renee Klahr and Rhaina Cohen. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can also follow us on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HiddenBrain\">@hiddenbrain\u003c/a>, and listen for Hidden Brain stories each week on your local public radio station.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+A+Theory+Of+Crime+And+Policing+Was+Born%2C+And+Went+Terribly+Wrong&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1969, Philip Zimbardo, a psychologist from Stanford University, ran an interesting field study. He abandoned two cars in two very different places: one in a mostly poor, crime-ridden section of New York City, and the other in a fairly affluent neighborhood of Palo Alto. Both cars were left without license plates and parked with their hoods up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After just 10 minutes, passers-by in New York City began vandalizing the car. First they stripped it for parts. Then the random destruction began. Windows were smashed. The car was destroyed. But in Palo Alto, the other car remained untouched for more than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Zimbardo did something unusual: He took a sledgehammer and gave the California car a smash. After that, passers-by quickly ripped it apart, just as they'd done in New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This field study was a simple demonstration of how something that is clearly neglected can quickly become a target for vandals. But it eventually morphed into something far more than that. It became the basis for one of the most influential theories of crime and policing in America: \"broken windows.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thirteen years after the Zimbardo study, criminologists George L. Kelling and James Q. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1982/03/broken-windows/304465/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">wrote an article for \u003cem>The Atlantic\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. They were fascinated by what had happened to Zimbardo's abandoned cars and thought the findings could be applied on a larger scale, to entire communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The idea [is] that once disorder begins, it doesn't matter what the neighborhood is, things can begin to get out of control,\" Kelling tells Hidden Brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/530128565/530251652\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the article, Kelling and Wilson suggested that a broken window or other visible signs of disorder or decay -- think loitering, graffiti, prostitution or drug use -- can send the signal that a neighborhood is uncared for. So, they thought, if police departments addressed those problems, maybe the bigger crimes wouldn't happen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you begin to deal with the small problems in neighborhoods, you begin to empower those neighborhoods,\" says Kelling. \"People claim their public spaces, and the store owners extend their concerns to what happened on the streets. Communities get strengthened once order is restored or maintained, and it is that dynamic that helps to prevent crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelling and Wilson proposed that police departments change their focus. Instead of channeling most resources into solving major crimes, they should instead try to clean up the streets and maintain order -- such as keeping people from smoking pot in public and cracking down on subway fare beaters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The argument came at an opportune time, says Columbia University law professor Bernard Harcourt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This was a period of high crime, and high incarceration, and it seemed there was no way out of that dynamic. It seemed as if there was no way out of just filling prisons to address the crime problem.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>An Idea Moves From the Ivory Tower to the Streets\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>As policymakers were scrambling for answers, a new mayor in New York City came to power offering a solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rudy Giuliani won election in 1993, promising to reduce crime and clean up the streets. Very quickly, he adopted broken windows as his mantra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was one of those rare ideas that appealed to both sides of the aisle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservatives liked the policy because it meant restoring order. Liberals liked it, Harcourt says, because it seemed like an enlightened way to prevent crime: \"It seemed like a magical solution. It allowed everybody to find a way in their own mind to get rid of the panhandler, the guy sleeping on the street, the prostitute, the drugs, the litter, and it allowed liberals to do that while still feeling self-righteous and good about themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giuliani and his new police commissioner, William Bratton, focused first on cleaning up the subway system, where 250,000 people a day weren't paying their fare. They sent hundreds of police officers into the subways to crack down on turnstile jumpers and vandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11486209\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11486209\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-800x561.jpg\" alt=\"Former NYPD Commissioner William Bratton.\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-800x561.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-160x112.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-1020x716.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-1180x828.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-960x674.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-240x168.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-375x263.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Bratton-520x365.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former NYPD Commissioner William Bratton. \u003ccite>(Larry Busacca/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Very quickly, they found confirmation for their theory. Going after petty crime led the police to violent criminals, says Kelling: \"Not all fare beaters were criminals, but a lot of criminals were fare beaters. It turns out serious criminals are pretty busy. They commit minor offenses as well as major offenses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The policy was quickly scaled up from the subway to the entire city of New York.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police ramped up misdemeanor arrests for things like smoking marijuana in public, spraying graffiti and selling loose cigarettes. And almost instantly, they were able to trumpet their success. Crime was falling. The murder rate plummeted. It seemed like a miracle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The media loved the story, and Giuliani cruised to re-election in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Kelling and a colleague \u003ca href=\"http://www.manhattan-institute.org/pdf/cr_22.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">did follow-up research on broken windows policing\u003c/a> and found what they believed was clear evidence of its success. In neighborhoods where there was a sharp increase in misdemeanor arrests — suggesting broken windows policing was in force — there was also a sharp decline in crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2001, broken windows had become one of Giuliani's greatest accomplishments. In his farewell address, he emphasized the beautiful and simple idea behind the success.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The broken windows theory replaced the idea that we were too busy to pay attention to street-level prostitution, too busy to pay attention to panhandling, too busy to pay attention to graffiti,\" he said. \"Well, you can't be too busy to pay attention to those things, because those are the things that underlie the problems of crime that you have in your society.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Questions Begin to Emerge About Broken Windows\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Right from the start, there were signs something was wrong with the beautiful narrative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Crime was starting to go down in New York prior to the Giuliani election and prior to the implementation of broken windows policing,\" says Harcourt, the Columbia law professor. \"And of course what we witnessed from that period, basically from about 1991, was that the crime in the country starts going down, and it's a remarkable drop in violent crime in this country. Now, what's so remarkable about it is how widespread it was.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harcourt points out that crime dropped not only in New York, but in many other cities where nothing like broken windows policing was in place. In fact, crime even fell in parts of the country where police departments were mired in corruption scandals and largely viewed as dysfunctional, such as Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Los Angeles is really interesting because Los Angeles was wracked with terrible policing problems during the whole time, and crime drops as much in Los Angeles as it does in New York,\" says Harcourt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were lots of theories to explain the nationwide decline in crime. Some said it was the growing economy or the end of the crack cocaine epidemic. Some criminologists credited harsher sentencing guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, Harcourt found the evidence supporting the broken windows theory might be flawed. He reviewed the study Kelling had conducted in 2001, and found the areas that saw the largest number of misdemeanor arrests also had the biggest drops in violent crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harcourt says the earlier study failed to consider what's called a \"reversion to the mean.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's something that a lot of investment bankers and investors know about because it's well-known and in the stock market,\" says Harcourt. \"Basically, the idea is if something goes up a lot, it tends to go down a lot.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A graph in Kelling's 2001 paper is revealing. It shows the crime rate falling dramatically in the early 1990s. But this small view gives us a selective picture. Right before this decline came a spike in crime. And if you go further back, you see a series of spikes and declines. And each time, the bigger a spike, the bigger the decline that follows, as crime reverts to the mean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelling acknowledges that broken windows may not have had a dramatic effect on crime. But he thinks it still has value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even if broken windows did not have a substantial impact on crime, order is an end in itself in a cosmopolitan, diverse world,\" he says. \"Strangers have to feel comfortable moving through communities for those communities to thrive. Order is an end in itself, and it doesn't need the justification of serious crime.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Order might be an end in itself, but it's worth noting that this was not the premise on which the broken windows theory was sold. It was advertised as an innovative way to control violent crime, not just a way to get panhandlers and prostitutes off the streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>'Broken Windows' Morphs Into 'Stop And Frisk'\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Harcourt says there was another big problem with broken windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We immediately saw a sharp increase in complaints of police misconduct. Starting in 1993, what you're going to see is a tremendous amount of disorder that erupts as a result of broken windows policing, with complaints skyrocketing, with settlements of police misconduct cases skyrocketing, and of course with incidents, brutal incidents, all of a sudden happening at a faster and faster clip.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem intensified with a new practice that grew out of broken windows. It was called \"stop and frisk,\" and was embraced in New York City after Mayor Michael Bloomberg won election in 2001.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If broken windows meant arresting people for misdemeanors in hopes of preventing more serious crimes, \"stop and frisk\" said, why even wait for the misdemeanor? Why not go ahead and stop, question and search anyone who looked suspicious?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11486212\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11486212\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-800x519.jpg\" alt=\"An NYPD officer on patrol in New York City.\" width=\"800\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-800x519.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-960x623.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NYPDCop-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An NYPD officer on patrol in New York City. \u003ccite>(Spencer Platt/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There were high-profile cases where misdemeanor arrests or stopping and questioning did lead to information that helped solve much more serious crimes, even homicides. But there were many more cases where police stops turned up nothing. In 2008, police made nearly 250,000 stops in New York for what they called furtive movements. Only one-fifteenth of 1 percent of those turned up a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even more problematic, in order to be able to go after disorder, you have to be able to define it. Is it a trash bag covering a broken window? Teenagers on a street corner playing music too loudly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Chicago, researchers Robert Sampson and Stephen Raudenbush \u003ca href=\"http://spq.sagepub.com/content/67/4/319.short?rss=1&ssource=mfc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed what makes people perceive social disorder\u003c/a>. They found that if two neighborhoods had exactly the same amount of graffiti and litter and loitering, people saw more disorder, more broken windows, in neighborhoods with more African-Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>George Kelling is not an advocate of stop and frisk. In fact, all the way back in 1982, he foresaw the possibility that giving police wide discretion could lead to abuse. In his article, he and James Q. Wilson write: \"How do we ensure ... that the police do not become the agents of neighborhood bigotry? We can offer no wholly satisfactory answer to this important question.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August 2013, a federal district court found that New York City's stop and frisk policy was unconstitutional because of the way it singled out young black and Hispanic men. Later that year, New York elected its first liberal mayor in 20 years. Bill de Blasio celebrated the end of stop and frisk. But he did not do away with broken windows. In fact, he re-appointed Rudy Giuliani's police commissioner, Bill Bratton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And just seven months after taking over again as the head of the New York Police Department, Bratton's broken windows policy came under fresh scrutiny. The reason: the death of Eric Garner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2014, a bystander caught on cellphone video the deadly clash between New York City police officers and Garner, an African-American. After a verbal confrontation, officers tackled Garner, while restraining him with a chokehold, a practice that is banned in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garner died not long after he was brought down to the ground. His death sparked massive protests, and his name is now synonymous with the distrust between police and African-American communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For George Kelling, this was not the end that he had hoped for. As a researcher, he's one of the few whose ideas have left the academy and spread like wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But once politicians and the media fell in love with his idea, they took it to places that he never intended and could not control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When, during the 1990s, I would occasionally read in a newspaper something like a new chief comes in and says, 'I'm going to implement broken windows tomorrow,' I would listen to that with dismay because [it's] a highly discretionary activity by police that needs extensive training, formal guidelines, constant monitoring and oversight. So do I worry about the implementation about broken windows? A whole lot ... because it can be done very badly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Kelling says, it might be time to move away from the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's to the point now where I wonder if we should back away from the metaphor of broken windows. We didn't know how powerful it was going to be. It simplified, it was easy to communicate, a lot of people got it as a result of the metaphor. It was attractive for a long time. But as you know, metaphors can wear out and become stale.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, the consensus among social scientists is that broken windows likely did have modest effects on crime. But few believe it caused the 60 or 70 percent decline in violent crime for which it was once credited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet despite all the evidence, the idea continues to be popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernard Harcourt says there is a reason for that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a simple story that people can latch onto and that is a lot more pleasant to live with than the complexities of life. The fact is that crime dropped in America dramatically from the 1990s, and that there aren't really good, clean nationwide explanations for it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of broken windows is a story of our fascination with easy fixes and seductive theories. Once an idea like that takes hold, it's nearly impossible to get the genie back in the bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Hidden Brain Podcast is hosted by Shankar Vedantam and produced by Maggie Penman, Jennifer Schmidt, Renee Klahr and Rhaina Cohen. Our supervising producer is Tara Boyle. You can also follow us on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/HiddenBrain\">@hiddenbrain\u003c/a>, and listen for Hidden Brain stories each week on your local public radio station.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+A+Theory+Of+Crime+And+Policing+Was+Born%2C+And+Went+Terribly+Wrong&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Senate Votes to Expand Parental Leave Law",
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"content": "\u003cp>A proposal to expand the state's parental leave protections to small-business employees passed the state Senate, despite Gov. Jerry Brown's opposition to a very similar measure last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB63\">SB 63\u003c/a>, from Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson (D-Santa Barbara) advanced to the Assembly Tuesday on a party-line vote, with all 13 Senate Republicans voting against the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Two-point-seven million more Californians will benefit from this measure,\" said Jackson. \"Family lives have changed dramatically in recent decades, but our policies have remained frozen in time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would mandate that businesses with between 20 and 50 employees give their workers 12 weeks to spend with a new child, and guarantee their employment when they return. Currently, those protections are required only of businesses with more than 50 employees. The bill does not require the leave to be paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 63 was viewed as important by a pair of powerful Capitol constituencies. Its passage was a top priority for the \u003ca href=\"http://womenscaucus.legislature.ca.gov/news/2017-04-04-legislative-womens-caucus-hails-priority-bills-stronger-california-implore-governor\">Legislative Women's Caucus\u003c/a>, while the California Chamber of Commerce lobbied for its defeat, labeling it a \u003ca href=\"http://advocacy.calchamber.com/policy/bill-tracking/job-killers/2017-job-killers/\">\"job killer.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Republicans said they support parental leave, but not for smaller businesses. Sen. Jeff Stone (R-Coachella Valley) said his pharmacy would be hurt by the expansion, because his workers provide a specific skill set that is difficult to replace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I get two or three of them that have to leave because of parental or maternal needs, I just can’t go out into the street and hire people to replace them,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB654\">SB 654\u003c/a>, a nearly identical provision also written by Sen. Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor emphasized the importance of early bonding time between parents and babies, but wrote in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_654_Veto_Message.pdf\">veto message \u003c/a>that he was concerned \"about the impact of this leave, particularly on small businesses and the potential liability that could result.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No word on whether the governor is likely to view this new version of the bill differently.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A proposal to expand the state's parental leave protections to small-business employees passed the state Senate, despite Gov. Jerry Brown's opposition to a very similar measure last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB63\">SB 63\u003c/a>, from Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson (D-Santa Barbara) advanced to the Assembly Tuesday on a party-line vote, with all 13 Senate Republicans voting against the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Two-point-seven million more Californians will benefit from this measure,\" said Jackson. \"Family lives have changed dramatically in recent decades, but our policies have remained frozen in time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation would mandate that businesses with between 20 and 50 employees give their workers 12 weeks to spend with a new child, and guarantee their employment when they return. Currently, those protections are required only of businesses with more than 50 employees. The bill does not require the leave to be paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SB 63 was viewed as important by a pair of powerful Capitol constituencies. Its passage was a top priority for the \u003ca href=\"http://womenscaucus.legislature.ca.gov/news/2017-04-04-legislative-womens-caucus-hails-priority-bills-stronger-california-implore-governor\">Legislative Women's Caucus\u003c/a>, while the California Chamber of Commerce lobbied for its defeat, labeling it a \u003ca href=\"http://advocacy.calchamber.com/policy/bill-tracking/job-killers/2017-job-killers/\">\"job killer.\"\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, Republicans said they support parental leave, but not for smaller businesses. Sen. Jeff Stone (R-Coachella Valley) said his pharmacy would be hurt by the expansion, because his workers provide a specific skill set that is difficult to replace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If I get two or three of them that have to leave because of parental or maternal needs, I just can’t go out into the street and hire people to replace them,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Gov. Jerry Brown vetoed \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB654\">SB 654\u003c/a>, a nearly identical provision also written by Sen. Jackson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor emphasized the importance of early bonding time between parents and babies, but wrote in his \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_654_Veto_Message.pdf\">veto message \u003c/a>that he was concerned \"about the impact of this leave, particularly on small businesses and the potential liability that could result.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No word on whether the governor is likely to view this new version of the bill differently.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Judge: Trump's Deportation Order for Man in Hawaii 'Inhumane'",
"title": "Judge: Trump's Deportation Order for Man in Hawaii 'Inhumane'",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A Trump administration order to deport a man who entered the country illegally nearly three decades ago and became a respected businessman in Hawaii was \"inhumane\" and \"contrary to the values of the country and its legal system,\" a federal judge wrote Tuesday in an unusually impassioned opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Trump has claimed that his immigration policies would target the 'bad hombres,' \" 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Stephen Reinhardt said. \"The government's decision to remove Magana Ortiz shows that even the 'good hombres' are not safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt said the 9th Circuit lacked authority to block the March order to deport Andres Magana Ortiz to Mexico. Still, he said it was difficult to see how the order was consistent with President Trump's promise of an immigration system with heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt said Ortiz, who came to the U.S. in 1989, was well-established in Hawaii's coffee farming industry, paid his taxes and had three U.S. citizen children from whom he would be torn away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"VarDMeJ2JXOmjvxqt2E2IGGKcSqomOSE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Navas, a U.S. Department of Justice spokeswoman, said the agency declined comment on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt is considered to be one of the most liberal judges on the 9th Circuit and his rulings often place him on the side of immigrants and prisoners. Reinhardt wrote a 2012 opinion striking down California's gay marriage ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also wrote a 1996 opinion that struck down a Washington state law that prohibited doctors from prescribing medication to help terminally ill patients die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhold joined the nation's largest federal appeals court in 1980 after being nominated by President Jimmy Carter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His opinion in the Ortiz case came as the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday sided with a Mexican immigrant who faced deportation after he was convicted of having consensual sex with his underage girlfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices ruled unanimously that Juan Esquivel-Quintana had committed a crime under California law, but his conduct did not violate federal immigration law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also Tuesday, a divided 11-judge panel of the 9th Circuit upheld a law that bars people who are in the country illegally from avoiding deportation if they are habitual drunks. The law holds that those people do not have good moral character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling overturned a decision by a smaller 9th Circuit panel that included Reinhardt that said alcoholism is an illness, not a moral defect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rulings come against a backdrop of stepped-up immigration enforcement by the Trump administration. U.S. immigration arrests increased nearly 40 percent in early 2017 from a comparable period last year, according to figures provided by immigration officials. However, actual deportations were down from late January to late April, compared with a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"l9cTEcUIpJtOZalreFJDKrUAmDcABitQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz, 43, won a reprieve from deportation in 2014 and was seeking legal status on the basis that his wife and children are U.S. citizens when the government \"without any explanation\" ordered him in March to report for removal the next month, according to Reinhardt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz has at least one conviction for driving under the influence, but Reinhardt said that was not the basis for his removal order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz appealed to the 9th Circuit in an effort to block the removal order. Now, he will be returned to Mexico and face a 10-year bar on his return, the judge said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A call and email to Ortiz's attorney, James Stanton, was not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt is not the first federal judge to criticize an immigration move by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal appeals court in Maryland earlier this month refused to reinstate the president's revised travel ban on people from six Muslim-majority countries, with judges in the 10-3 majority calling the administration's action discriminatory and its reasoning nonsensical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another rebuke, a federal judge in San Francisco blocked the administration's attempt to withhold funding from \"sanctuary cities\" that limit cooperation with U.S. immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Trump administration order to deport a man who entered the country illegally nearly three decades ago and became a respected businessman in Hawaii was \"inhumane\" and \"contrary to the values of the country and its legal system,\" a federal judge wrote Tuesday in an unusually impassioned opinion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"President Trump has claimed that his immigration policies would target the 'bad hombres,' \" 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals Judge Stephen Reinhardt said. \"The government's decision to remove Magana Ortiz shows that even the 'good hombres' are not safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt said the 9th Circuit lacked authority to block the March order to deport Andres Magana Ortiz to Mexico. Still, he said it was difficult to see how the order was consistent with President Trump's promise of an immigration system with heart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt said Ortiz, who came to the U.S. in 1989, was well-established in Hawaii's coffee farming industry, paid his taxes and had three U.S. citizen children from whom he would be torn away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicole Navas, a U.S. Department of Justice spokeswoman, said the agency declined comment on the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt is considered to be one of the most liberal judges on the 9th Circuit and his rulings often place him on the side of immigrants and prisoners. Reinhardt wrote a 2012 opinion striking down California's gay marriage ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also wrote a 1996 opinion that struck down a Washington state law that prohibited doctors from prescribing medication to help terminally ill patients die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhold joined the nation's largest federal appeals court in 1980 after being nominated by President Jimmy Carter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His opinion in the Ortiz case came as the U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday sided with a Mexican immigrant who faced deportation after he was convicted of having consensual sex with his underage girlfriend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The justices ruled unanimously that Juan Esquivel-Quintana had committed a crime under California law, but his conduct did not violate federal immigration law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also Tuesday, a divided 11-judge panel of the 9th Circuit upheld a law that bars people who are in the country illegally from avoiding deportation if they are habitual drunks. The law holds that those people do not have good moral character.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ruling overturned a decision by a smaller 9th Circuit panel that included Reinhardt that said alcoholism is an illness, not a moral defect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rulings come against a backdrop of stepped-up immigration enforcement by the Trump administration. U.S. immigration arrests increased nearly 40 percent in early 2017 from a comparable period last year, according to figures provided by immigration officials. However, actual deportations were down from late January to late April, compared with a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz, 43, won a reprieve from deportation in 2014 and was seeking legal status on the basis that his wife and children are U.S. citizens when the government \"without any explanation\" ordered him in March to report for removal the next month, according to Reinhardt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz has at least one conviction for driving under the influence, but Reinhardt said that was not the basis for his removal order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortiz appealed to the 9th Circuit in an effort to block the removal order. Now, he will be returned to Mexico and face a 10-year bar on his return, the judge said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A call and email to Ortiz's attorney, James Stanton, was not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt is not the first federal judge to criticize an immigration move by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal appeals court in Maryland earlier this month refused to reinstate the president's revised travel ban on people from six Muslim-majority countries, with judges in the 10-3 majority calling the administration's action discriminatory and its reasoning nonsensical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another rebuke, a federal judge in San Francisco blocked the administration's attempt to withhold funding from \"sanctuary cities\" that limit cooperation with U.S. immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Air District Investigating Latest Valero Refinery Release Weeks After Power Outage",
"title": "Air District Investigating Latest Valero Refinery Release Weeks After Power Outage",
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"content": "\u003cp>Local air regulators have opened a new investigation into Valero's Benicia refinery after another malfunction at the facility sent black smoke into the air three times over the weekend. The flaring comes close to a month after the refinery experienced its first full outage in decades, resulting in toxic gases being released into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the refinery's units had \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityBenicia/posts/1449022338493145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some sort of release\u003c/a> on Sunday afternoon, according to Benicia city officials, as the facility continues to struggle to fully restart its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the incident in early May, there were no shelter-in-place orders, evacuations and hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yGKTZuUIXBozwEhVUmmQCJW0b2Nm1S2M\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state officials normally notified of similar refinery problems were not told about the latest incident. And the city and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District are unaware of what chemicals were sent into the air because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is part of the problem -- we don't know what is released,\" Benicia Mayor Elizabeth Patterson said in an email Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is not releasing detailed information about Sunday's malfunction, but it is linking it with the problem earlier in the month that sent flames, smoke and toxic gas into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Valero's Benicia refinery continues to work to restore operations following the May 5 power outage caused by disruption from Pacific Gas & Electric,\" said company spokeswoman Lillian Riojas in an email almost identical to one she sent to KQED two weeks ago about another release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Intermittent flaring and related startup issues may occur,\" Riojas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was tied to Valero's scrubber unit, city officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unit acts as a large filter, cleaning up gas or liquid that exits a processing unit, according to Tulane professor Eric Smith, who specializes in gas and oil production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery sent black smoke that came from oil residue into the sky on three occasions Sunday afternoon, each one lasting between 15 and 45 seconds, said Benicia Fire Chief Jim Lydon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district then sent an inspector to the facility, according to Tom Flannigan, a spokesman for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This new incident that happened over the weekend may have been tied to them testing out their equipment and their processes as they bring them back up to speed,\" Flannigan said in an interview Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has already issued \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/benicia-refinery-power-outage-triggers-evacuations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six notices of violation\u003c/a> against Valero in connection with the May 5 outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did see some dark black smoke that was released for a period of time,\" Flannigan said. \"We'll be taking a close look to see what exactly what was emitted and if they're subject to any fines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike a series of releases that took place at the refinery in the days after the outage, Sunday's incident was not reported to the Governor's Office of Emergency Services, which administers a hazardous materials notification database. You can see the Valero outage notifications \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/c772dcd437057a3488258125007de8ec?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,valero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, state air regulators were not kept in the loop either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have nothing new, and nothing new was reported to Cal OES over the weekend,\" said David Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, which has had air monitors in place near the refinery since the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/10/after-valero-refinery-outage-three-probes-and-rising-gas-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">under investigation\u003c/a> by a third party hired by PG&E, the air district, California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) and Solano County's Department of Resource Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is investigating \u003ca href=\"http://claycord.com/2017/05/18/employees-frustrated-after-oil-based-substance-lands-on-vehicles-businesses-near-valero-refinery/comment-page-1/#comment-1023805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another incident\u003c/a> that may be tied to the aftermath of the outage. On May 15, several people who work at MRC Global, a company on Bayshore Road not too far away the refinery, found an \"oil-based\" substance on their cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hazardous materials specialist conducted tests on the vehicles, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, director of Solano County's Department of Resource Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and county officials asked Valero to take the vehicles to a car-wash, Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity failure at the refinery and resulting safety concerns have prompted a push for Benicia to develop an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/23/valero-outage-prompts-benicia-to-consider-industrial-safety-ordinance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">industrial safety ordinance\u003c/a> similar to one that governs refineries in Contra Costa County. And it also led Mayor Patterson to call for the city to do a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/09/benicia-mayor-calls-for-key-emergency-improvements-after-valero-refinery-outage-and-flaring/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">better job\u003c/a> of telling its residents about major emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Local air regulators have opened a new investigation into Valero's Benicia refinery after another malfunction at the facility sent black smoke into the air three times over the weekend. The flaring comes close to a month after the refinery experienced its first full outage in decades, resulting in toxic gases being released into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the refinery's units had \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityBenicia/posts/1449022338493145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some sort of release\u003c/a> on Sunday afternoon, according to Benicia city officials, as the facility continues to struggle to fully restart its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the incident in early May, there were no shelter-in-place orders, evacuations and hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state officials normally notified of similar refinery problems were not told about the latest incident. And the city and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District are unaware of what chemicals were sent into the air because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is part of the problem -- we don't know what is released,\" Benicia Mayor Elizabeth Patterson said in an email Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is not releasing detailed information about Sunday's malfunction, but it is linking it with the problem earlier in the month that sent flames, smoke and toxic gas into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Valero's Benicia refinery continues to work to restore operations following the May 5 power outage caused by disruption from Pacific Gas & Electric,\" said company spokeswoman Lillian Riojas in an email almost identical to one she sent to KQED two weeks ago about another release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Intermittent flaring and related startup issues may occur,\" Riojas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was tied to Valero's scrubber unit, city officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unit acts as a large filter, cleaning up gas or liquid that exits a processing unit, according to Tulane professor Eric Smith, who specializes in gas and oil production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery sent black smoke that came from oil residue into the sky on three occasions Sunday afternoon, each one lasting between 15 and 45 seconds, said Benicia Fire Chief Jim Lydon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district then sent an inspector to the facility, according to Tom Flannigan, a spokesman for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This new incident that happened over the weekend may have been tied to them testing out their equipment and their processes as they bring them back up to speed,\" Flannigan said in an interview Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has already issued \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/benicia-refinery-power-outage-triggers-evacuations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six notices of violation\u003c/a> against Valero in connection with the May 5 outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did see some dark black smoke that was released for a period of time,\" Flannigan said. \"We'll be taking a close look to see what exactly what was emitted and if they're subject to any fines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike a series of releases that took place at the refinery in the days after the outage, Sunday's incident was not reported to the Governor's Office of Emergency Services, which administers a hazardous materials notification database. You can see the Valero outage notifications \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/c772dcd437057a3488258125007de8ec?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,valero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, state air regulators were not kept in the loop either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have nothing new, and nothing new was reported to Cal OES over the weekend,\" said David Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, which has had air monitors in place near the refinery since the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/10/after-valero-refinery-outage-three-probes-and-rising-gas-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">under investigation\u003c/a> by a third party hired by PG&E, the air district, California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) and Solano County's Department of Resource Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is investigating \u003ca href=\"http://claycord.com/2017/05/18/employees-frustrated-after-oil-based-substance-lands-on-vehicles-businesses-near-valero-refinery/comment-page-1/#comment-1023805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another incident\u003c/a> that may be tied to the aftermath of the outage. On May 15, several people who work at MRC Global, a company on Bayshore Road not too far away the refinery, found an \"oil-based\" substance on their cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hazardous materials specialist conducted tests on the vehicles, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, director of Solano County's Department of Resource Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and county officials asked Valero to take the vehicles to a car-wash, Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity failure at the refinery and resulting safety concerns have prompted a push for Benicia to develop an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/23/valero-outage-prompts-benicia-to-consider-industrial-safety-ordinance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">industrial safety ordinance\u003c/a> similar to one that governs refineries in Contra Costa County. And it also led Mayor Patterson to call for the city to do a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/09/benicia-mayor-calls-for-key-emergency-improvements-after-valero-refinery-outage-and-flaring/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">better job\u003c/a> of telling its residents about major emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pelosi on Saying 'President Trump': 'It's Hard'",
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"content": "\u003cp>House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi said Tuesday that an independent commission still needs to probe Russia's interference in last year's presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also said the difference between Trump and past Republican leaders is the president’s lack of respect for facts, and acknowledged \"it's hard\" to say \"President Trump.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been able to work in a bipartisan way with Republicans in Congress and Republican presidents,” Pelosi told a friendly audience at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And we always were able to make some success in negotiation, progress in negotiations, if we stipulated to a set of facts, evidence, data. ... If you are not going to stipulate to a set of facts, it will be very hard to make progress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhyDRNENJNk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, she said, set the tone from his first meeting with congressional leaders shortly after he was sworn in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I don’t know how much respect he has for the job. That’s why I feel I can speak frankly to him. He’s casual.'\u003ccite>Nancy Pelosi\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We sat down to have a discussion and the first thing the president said was, ‘Do you know I won the popular vote?’” she recalled. “I said there’s no evidence to support that and it wasn’t true. Normally I would be a little more respectful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Pelosi later added, “I don’t know how much respect he has for the job. That’s why I feel I can speak frankly to him. He’s casual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The minority leader covered a wide range of topics during the hour-long discussion. She got laughs on several lines, including when she responded to KQED Senior Politics and Government Editor Scott Shafer's comment, \"I notice you never say President Trump.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard,\" Pelosi quipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also got chuckles when Shafer asked her about recent comments that \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pelosi-democratic-candidates-should-not-be-forced-to-toe-party-line-on-abortion/2017/05/02/9cbc9bc6-2f68-11e7-9534-00e4656c22aa_story.html?utm_term=.01a2239b201b\">being pro-choice can't be a litmus test for Democrats. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi, an Italian Catholic, said she has \"some strong credentials in this regard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you have five children in six years, you come talk to me,\" she said. \"They say, 'Nancy, she thinks she knows more about having babies than the Pope.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On more serious topics, the minority leader rejected fears that American democracy is under threat, saying that the nation's checks and balances continue to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know the greatness of countries come and go, but America is so different. There’s never been a country founded on the principle that all people are equal,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MLmDJg5b1HmgnkjF4MxuMww9UaTGPsDe\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi called on Trump to release his tax returns, saying it would \"unlock the door\" to answer many other important questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My ongoing question, since he wants to talk this way, is what do the Russians have on Donald Trump, personally, politically, financially?\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let's see your tax returns so we can see if there's any connection there. They may be exculpatory of the president, but if they are, why isn't he showing them?\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi said Tuesday that an independent commission still needs to probe Russia's interference in last year's presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also said the difference between Trump and past Republican leaders is the president’s lack of respect for facts, and acknowledged \"it's hard\" to say \"President Trump.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have been able to work in a bipartisan way with Republicans in Congress and Republican presidents,” Pelosi told a friendly audience at the Commonwealth Club in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And we always were able to make some success in negotiation, progress in negotiations, if we stipulated to a set of facts, evidence, data. ... If you are not going to stipulate to a set of facts, it will be very hard to make progress.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/mhyDRNENJNk'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/mhyDRNENJNk'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump, she said, set the tone from his first meeting with congressional leaders shortly after he was sworn in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I don’t know how much respect he has for the job. That’s why I feel I can speak frankly to him. He’s casual.'\u003ccite>Nancy Pelosi\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We sat down to have a discussion and the first thing the president said was, ‘Do you know I won the popular vote?’” she recalled. “I said there’s no evidence to support that and it wasn’t true. Normally I would be a little more respectful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, Pelosi later added, “I don’t know how much respect he has for the job. That’s why I feel I can speak frankly to him. He’s casual.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The minority leader covered a wide range of topics during the hour-long discussion. She got laughs on several lines, including when she responded to KQED Senior Politics and Government Editor Scott Shafer's comment, \"I notice you never say President Trump.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's hard,\" Pelosi quipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also got chuckles when Shafer asked her about recent comments that \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/pelosi-democratic-candidates-should-not-be-forced-to-toe-party-line-on-abortion/2017/05/02/9cbc9bc6-2f68-11e7-9534-00e4656c22aa_story.html?utm_term=.01a2239b201b\">being pro-choice can't be a litmus test for Democrats. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi, an Italian Catholic, said she has \"some strong credentials in this regard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you have five children in six years, you come talk to me,\" she said. \"They say, 'Nancy, she thinks she knows more about having babies than the Pope.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On more serious topics, the minority leader rejected fears that American democracy is under threat, saying that the nation's checks and balances continue to protect it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know the greatness of countries come and go, but America is so different. There’s never been a country founded on the principle that all people are equal,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi called on Trump to release his tax returns, saying it would \"unlock the door\" to answer many other important questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My ongoing question, since he wants to talk this way, is what do the Russians have on Donald Trump, personally, politically, financially?\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Let's see your tax returns so we can see if there's any connection there. They may be exculpatory of the president, but if they are, why isn't he showing them?\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Monterey County's Flower Industry Is Ailing -- Marijuana May Be the Cure",
"title": "Monterey County's Flower Industry Is Ailing -- Marijuana May Be the Cure",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Rows of dilapidated greenhouses line the little farm roads on the southeastern outskirts of Salinas. People once called this area the \"flower basket of America.\" Most of the flowers are now gone, but they could soon be replaced with marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s legal to smoke recreational marijuana in California, but you still can’t grow it commercially. The state plans to start issuing permits sometime in 2018, and people around California are angling to get in on the cash crop. In Monterey County, many who want to start cultivating cannabis -- like George Omictin -- once made a living growing flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omictin’s family owns a plot of land southeast of Salinas. The property has a house under construction surrounded by a clutch of rundown greenhouses. A few already have collapsed. Others are in sad shape, leaning to one side or the other, huge holes in their plastic. Omictin said the family had to reinforce the greenhouses; otherwise, a strong storm could have come through and blown more of them down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents were immigrants and migrant workers. They bought property in the early 2000s, trying to become owners instead of laborers. But then cheap flowers from overseas undercut the U.S. market. At one point, Omictin said they were selling bouquets at 10 cents a bunch just so they wouldn’t rot in the greenhouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11477679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11477679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">George Omictin's family used to grow flowers in Monterey County. Now some of the greenhouses are in disrepair. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family hasn’t grown flowers since 2008. Instead, they have been renting out the greenhouses, trying to make enough money to stay afloat while they search for a sustainable way to earn a living and hold onto their land. The family has debts to pay off. To do that, they will no longer grow pretty flowers, Omictin said, but perhaps smokable ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County is helping flower growers get into the marijuana business. It passed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.municode.com/library/ca/monterey_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT21ZO_CH21.67COMECAAC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordinance\u003c/a> saying you can grow cannabis only in old greenhouses. Aaron Johnson, a local lawyer who specializes in marijuana, says the county is trying to do two things: to save the greenhouses and prevent new cannabis farms from springing up all over the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Basically, the county threw a life vest to save us now.'\u003ccite>George Omictin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“You have these vast crop lands. They didn’t want those to be paved over for greenhouses,” Johnson said. “So they basically said, ‘Look, keep it at the existing greenhouses, use these things that are falling down.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance suddenly turned the eyesore greenhouses on the outskirts of Salinas into valuable commodities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Literally within a period of two weeks I saw the prices go from $50,000 an acre for undeveloped industrial land to about $300,000 an acre,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, the county threw a life vest to save us now,” Omictin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Omictin’s conservative father was reluctant to grab the life vest because marijuana is a drug. He worried SWAT teams might come in and raid the place. His son eventually convinced him that cannabis could be a lifesaver. And the fact that the federal government still labels marijuana a drug was actually a big part of its appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"jRq3ubgYYkezSsIsqRPWESJWWJyxHPyu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because cannabis is in a legal gray area, it may be a more commercially reliable crop than flowers. Marijuana cannot be legally transported across international borders the way flowers are. They pour in from South American countries where workers are paid far less and the flowers are far cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stream of cheap flowers from places like Colombia has put many U.S. growers out of business, said Kasey Cronquist, CEO of the California Cut Flower Commission. Today Cronquist said only a handful of rose or chrysanthemum growers are left in the country and not a single farmer who grows carnations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People can't believe it,” Cronquist said. “How did we do this? How did we get here? Well, it goes back to these trade agreements in the early '90s, and the rest is history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11485725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11485725\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A fieldworker harvests flowers at a farm near Moss Beach.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A fieldworker harvests flowers at a farm near Moss Beach. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That history begins with cocaine. Starting in 1991, the U.S. signed trade deals aiming to get South American cocaine growers to cultivate flowers instead. First there was the \u003ca href=\"https://help.cbp.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/325/~/andean-trade-preference-act-%28atpa%29---expiration-of-duty-free-treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andean Trade Preference Act\u003c/a>, and then in 2012 the \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/uscolombiatpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Colombia Free Trade Agreement\u003c/a>. Through these deals, the government has sent hundreds of millions of dollars in subsidies, and it has cut tariffs on South American flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cronquist said the U.S. overlooked the microeconomic effects of these trade deals on individual industries like cut flowers. Instead, he said the country focused on the diplomatic effort to limit cocaine production, which despite U.S. intervention still continues in South America. Cronquist called the whole endeavor “trade policy run amok.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To survive the cheap U.S.-subsidized flowers streaming in from South America, farmers here sought protected niches. Some tried potted flowers. They are in soil that is very difficult to transport across borders because of customs restrictions. Other farmers got into edible crops like lettuce, which are highly perishable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, families like the Omictins are now betting on cannabis. They hope the feds won’t crack down once they start growing. But at the same time, they want marijuana to remain in enough of a legal gray area that it is protected from the forces of globalization. Otherwise, marijuana farmers overseas could start shipping in boatloads of legal product at dirt-cheap prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they would be right back where they started: with greenhouses filled with weeds that no one wants to buy.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "An ordinance limiting where cannabis can be grown could prove a lifesaver for farmers who used to grow flowers.",
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"description": "An ordinance limiting where cannabis can be grown could prove a lifesaver for farmers who used to grow flowers.",
"title": "Monterey County's Flower Industry Is Ailing -- Marijuana May Be the Cure | KQED",
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"headline": "Monterey County's Flower Industry Is Ailing -- Marijuana May Be the Cure",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Rows of dilapidated greenhouses line the little farm roads on the southeastern outskirts of Salinas. People once called this area the \"flower basket of America.\" Most of the flowers are now gone, but they could soon be replaced with marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s legal to smoke recreational marijuana in California, but you still can’t grow it commercially. The state plans to start issuing permits sometime in 2018, and people around California are angling to get in on the cash crop. In Monterey County, many who want to start cultivating cannabis -- like George Omictin -- once made a living growing flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omictin’s family owns a plot of land southeast of Salinas. The property has a house under construction surrounded by a clutch of rundown greenhouses. A few already have collapsed. Others are in sad shape, leaning to one side or the other, huge holes in their plastic. Omictin said the family had to reinforce the greenhouses; otherwise, a strong storm could have come through and blown more of them down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents were immigrants and migrant workers. They bought property in the early 2000s, trying to become owners instead of laborers. But then cheap flowers from overseas undercut the U.S. market. At one point, Omictin said they were selling bouquets at 10 cents a bunch just so they wouldn’t rot in the greenhouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11477679\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11477679\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pot-Flowers-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">George Omictin's family used to grow flowers in Monterey County. Now some of the greenhouses are in disrepair. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The family hasn’t grown flowers since 2008. Instead, they have been renting out the greenhouses, trying to make enough money to stay afloat while they search for a sustainable way to earn a living and hold onto their land. The family has debts to pay off. To do that, they will no longer grow pretty flowers, Omictin said, but perhaps smokable ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County is helping flower growers get into the marijuana business. It passed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.municode.com/library/ca/monterey_county/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=TIT21ZO_CH21.67COMECAAC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ordinance\u003c/a> saying you can grow cannabis only in old greenhouses. Aaron Johnson, a local lawyer who specializes in marijuana, says the county is trying to do two things: to save the greenhouses and prevent new cannabis farms from springing up all over the place.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Basically, the county threw a life vest to save us now.'\u003ccite>George Omictin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“You have these vast crop lands. They didn’t want those to be paved over for greenhouses,” Johnson said. “So they basically said, ‘Look, keep it at the existing greenhouses, use these things that are falling down.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance suddenly turned the eyesore greenhouses on the outskirts of Salinas into valuable commodities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Literally within a period of two weeks I saw the prices go from $50,000 an acre for undeveloped industrial land to about $300,000 an acre,” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically, the county threw a life vest to save us now,” Omictin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Omictin’s conservative father was reluctant to grab the life vest because marijuana is a drug. He worried SWAT teams might come in and raid the place. His son eventually convinced him that cannabis could be a lifesaver. And the fact that the federal government still labels marijuana a drug was actually a big part of its appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because cannabis is in a legal gray area, it may be a more commercially reliable crop than flowers. Marijuana cannot be legally transported across international borders the way flowers are. They pour in from South American countries where workers are paid far less and the flowers are far cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stream of cheap flowers from places like Colombia has put many U.S. growers out of business, said Kasey Cronquist, CEO of the California Cut Flower Commission. Today Cronquist said only a handful of rose or chrysanthemum growers are left in the country and not a single farmer who grows carnations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People can't believe it,” Cronquist said. “How did we do this? How did we get here? Well, it goes back to these trade agreements in the early '90s, and the rest is history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11485725\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11485725\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A fieldworker harvests flowers at a farm near Moss Beach.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-960x641.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FlowerFarm-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A fieldworker harvests flowers at a farm near Moss Beach. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That history begins with cocaine. Starting in 1991, the U.S. signed trade deals aiming to get South American cocaine growers to cultivate flowers instead. First there was the \u003ca href=\"https://help.cbp.gov/app/answers/detail/a_id/325/~/andean-trade-preference-act-%28atpa%29---expiration-of-duty-free-treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Andean Trade Preference Act\u003c/a>, and then in 2012 the \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/uscolombiatpa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Colombia Free Trade Agreement\u003c/a>. Through these deals, the government has sent hundreds of millions of dollars in subsidies, and it has cut tariffs on South American flowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cronquist said the U.S. overlooked the microeconomic effects of these trade deals on individual industries like cut flowers. Instead, he said the country focused on the diplomatic effort to limit cocaine production, which despite U.S. intervention still continues in South America. Cronquist called the whole endeavor “trade policy run amok.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To survive the cheap U.S.-subsidized flowers streaming in from South America, farmers here sought protected niches. Some tried potted flowers. They are in soil that is very difficult to transport across borders because of customs restrictions. Other farmers got into edible crops like lettuce, which are highly perishable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Salinas, families like the Omictins are now betting on cannabis. They hope the feds won’t crack down once they start growing. But at the same time, they want marijuana to remain in enough of a legal gray area that it is protected from the forces of globalization. Otherwise, marijuana farmers overseas could start shipping in boatloads of legal product at dirt-cheap prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they would be right back where they started: with greenhouses filled with weeds that no one wants to buy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Neighborhood Underwater: Redwood City’s Le Mar Trailer Park Hit With Repeated Flooding",
"title": "A Neighborhood Underwater: Redwood City’s Le Mar Trailer Park Hit With Repeated Flooding",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The water rushed under a fence and through the sandbags meant to deter it. It rose to doorsteps, collecting at a depth of 3 feet in some places. It damaged property and trapped residents inside, keeping them from work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Le Mar Trailer Park in Redwood City was flooded. Again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repeated flooding of Le Mar exemplifies a pernicious double bind: Those with the fewest resources are zoned into living in the most dangerous area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The events of Feb. 7 were nothing new for residents. In fact, this wasn’t even a particularly bad flood. Deborah Crivello, the manager of Le Mar and a resident of the park next door, described it more as a “scare” than a flood, since the water lasted for a few days, not weeks, this time and collected only in a few low-lying spots, rather than “filling it [the park] up.” Another resident called the flooding “puddles” compared to other times. Those puddles were at least 2 feet deep in places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11485635\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11485635\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-800x535.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-800x535.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-1020x682.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-960x642.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-520x348.jpeg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandbags attempt to stop water from the canal. \u003ccite>(Kiley Roache/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although many residents continue to be frustrated, the city has taken a number of measures to help in the last few years. Crivello says the efforts have shown, and that she remembers when the situation was much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The time that stands out most was 20 years ago. She had recently moved in to the park next door, although she was not yet manager at Le Mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police pounding on her door woke Crivello up in the middle of the night. She stood there in pajamas, her husband and baby still asleep inside, as police officers yelled at her family to get out of their house. Grease and oil from the junkyard down the street was mixed in with the water, and it was dangerous to stay. They had five minutes to gather their things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I opened the door and my stairs were floating,” she said. She carried her daughter on her back as she waded through waist-deep water. The water remained for two weeks, during which she stayed at the nearby VA. When she returned, she found that her car had been ruined; the water had been up to its windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers being frustrated that no one had explained the risk of flooding in the area to her before that night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t have moved in if I’d knew that was going to happen.” She laughed. “But now I know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly is there to know? Why is it, that in a time of regional drought, this neighborhood has experienced flooding at such a rate that “puddle” has become appropriate shorthand for 2 feet of standing water?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to understand Le Mar’s situation it is important to zoom out. This rectangle of asphalt wedged between the wetlands and a busy highway sits at the intersection of a number of environmental and governmental forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The topography of Le Mar makes it particularly vulnerable to flooding. The mobile home park is one of the few developed areas of Redwood City that has been classified as a “special flood hazard area” by FEMA. The majority of this area, in light blue in the map, is a wetland preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11485637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11485637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-800x932.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"932\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-800x932.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-160x186.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-240x280.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-375x437.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-520x606.jpeg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024.jpeg 879w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Special hazard zones are indicated in blue. Le Mar is marked with a red dot. Dot added by Peninsula Press \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the FEMA Flood Map Service Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These zones are designated by the federal government to discourage development, so as to avoid having people live in dangerous areas, according to Susan Cutter, a professor at University of South Carolina who has conducted extensive research on natural hazard risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What normally happens, however, is that those high-hazard areas actually have the most affordable land because of the hazard, and the affordability of the land means that people from lower incomes can reside in those areas,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is coupled with a particular vulnerability to the ravages of natural hazards, like flooding, among these groups. Wealthier people have more safety nets like insurance or additional bank accounts to dip into when they experience a hazard, Cutter says. But the unexpected cost of repairs and replacements can throw a major wrench into a tight budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly what happened to Crivello, who lost her car because she didn’t have the kind of full coverage that would replace it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even worse, mobile home residents have a particular vulnerability to environmental hazards because their houses are less sturdy than other housing stock, according to Cutter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mobile home could “float away in a flood, conceivably,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So then why is it that in Redwood City the very residents who can be hurt most by natural hazards live closest to these environmental forces?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not just because the land is cheaper, but also because it is the only place these sort of residences are legally allowed to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mobile home parks are a particular zoning designation, according to the Redwood City municipal code. And, as is clear in a zoning map obtained from the city website, there is a very limited amount of land that allows mobile home parks. All of it sits within the high-risk flooding area. In the map below, mobile home areas are indicated in brown. The red dot indicates Le Mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11485638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11485638 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-800x414.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-800x414.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-160x83.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-1020x528.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-960x497.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-240x124.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-375x194.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-520x269.jpeg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redwood City zoning. Mobile home areas are indicated in brown. Le Mar is indicated by the red dot. Dot added by Peninsula Press. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the City of Redwood City website)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Redwood City, mobile home parks are permitted only in high-risk flood areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Levine, a professor at the University of Michigan and author of “Zoned Out: Regulation, Markets, and Choices in Transportation and Metropolitan Land Use,” says that while there are many good uses for zoning, like keeping people’s homes separate from the noise and odor of industrial areas, there is also an “insidious history” of measures separating different “kinds of people” by housing type. This means an apartment building or duplex may not be allowed to be next to a single-family home. Or that there may be restrictions on where you can live if your house is a mobile home rather than a permanent building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Chui, an assistant planner at the Community Development Department of Redwood City, said he was not sure if the mobile home parks were built in this area particularly because of zoning, or if the zoning laws were written because the parks were already there. He said the city could not do much to tell owners of private property to modify the land to reduce the effects of flooding, unless there was a development project planned. The exception to that would be the canal, which is government property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city ensures the canal is dredged every year so that the water flows freely toward the bay, and can store as much as possible. It has also added sand bags and concrete blocks between the edge of the canal and the park to mitigate overflow, according to Ramana Chinnakotla, Redwood City’s public works director. He said the city also has gas-powered pumps, which are far more effective than the electric pumps Le Mar currently owns, to propel water flowing into the park back into the canal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crivello credits the reduction in flooding over the last few years to these efforts, adding that she was very grateful after a decade and a half of residents dealing with the flooding on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these city measures are not always enough, as Feb. 7 made clear. Although the pumps help prevent smaller floods, Crivello said that when the water is really high and the canal is overflowing into the park, pumping water back into the canal creates an unproductive cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just pouring into the canal to pour it back out [into the park],” she said. She is disappointed that other measures she had been promised, including a steel fence that would prevent water from getting into the park, have not been implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinnakotla said this was a valid concern, which was why the city was working toward a more “permanent solution.” He said the steel fence was scrapped because it would have taken too much time to get approved, and that he is instead working toward building a storage area for the water to flow into before it makes its way to the bay. He said he has been working on this idea for years, and is currently waiting for it to be approved so he can move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, most Le Mar residents seem to know little about why the flooding continues year after year. Raul Acosta, 18, whose family has lived in Le Mar his entire life, said that neighbors discuss property damage, but never why it happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People only really talk about it in the first few days that it happens, then it’s business as usual, I guess,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it is today. As I talk to Acosta, he keeps an eye on his little sister as she twirls around her front yard in a princess dress, playing with the toys that all had to be replaced two years ago. During that flood, right before Christmas, the water had reached all the way to his home, which is roughly a city-block’s distance from the fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun sparkles on the pavement, and except for a few puddles around potted plants — likely from over-zealous watering more than anything — today the ground is dry. A few cats zigzag across the pavement, sauntering slowly, then randomly bolting across the way, as if they hear something we can’t on this quiet afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beyond the sleepy scene, beyond the fence surrounding the property, the canal still runs high with water, a subtle reminder that any day, storm clouds could build in the distance, come rumbling through and disrupt life here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Repeated flooding of the Le Mar Trailer Park exemplifies a pernicious double bind: Those with the fewest resources are zoned into living in the most dangerous area.",
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"description": "Repeated flooding of the Le Mar Trailer Park exemplifies a pernicious double bind: Those with the fewest resources are zoned into living in the most dangerous area.",
"title": "A Neighborhood Underwater: Redwood City’s Le Mar Trailer Park Hit With Repeated Flooding | KQED",
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"headline": "A Neighborhood Underwater: Redwood City’s Le Mar Trailer Park Hit With Repeated Flooding",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/author/kileyroache/\">Kiley Roache\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The water rushed under a fence and through the sandbags meant to deter it. It rose to doorsteps, collecting at a depth of 3 feet in some places. It damaged property and trapped residents inside, keeping them from work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Le Mar Trailer Park in Redwood City was flooded. Again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repeated flooding of Le Mar exemplifies a pernicious double bind: Those with the fewest resources are zoned into living in the most dangerous area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The events of Feb. 7 were nothing new for residents. In fact, this wasn’t even a particularly bad flood. Deborah Crivello, the manager of Le Mar and a resident of the park next door, described it more as a “scare” than a flood, since the water lasted for a few days, not weeks, this time and collected only in a few low-lying spots, rather than “filling it [the park] up.” Another resident called the flooding “puddles” compared to other times. Those puddles were at least 2 feet deep in places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11485635\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11485635\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-800x535.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-800x535.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-1020x682.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-960x642.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-240x161.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-375x251.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685-520x348.jpeg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-2-1024x685.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sandbags attempt to stop water from the canal. \u003ccite>(Kiley Roache/Peninsula Press)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Although many residents continue to be frustrated, the city has taken a number of measures to help in the last few years. Crivello says the efforts have shown, and that she remembers when the situation was much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The time that stands out most was 20 years ago. She had recently moved in to the park next door, although she was not yet manager at Le Mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police pounding on her door woke Crivello up in the middle of the night. She stood there in pajamas, her husband and baby still asleep inside, as police officers yelled at her family to get out of their house. Grease and oil from the junkyard down the street was mixed in with the water, and it was dangerous to stay. They had five minutes to gather their things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I opened the door and my stairs were floating,” she said. She carried her daughter on her back as she waded through waist-deep water. The water remained for two weeks, during which she stayed at the nearby VA. When she returned, she found that her car had been ruined; the water had been up to its windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She remembers being frustrated that no one had explained the risk of flooding in the area to her before that night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wouldn’t have moved in if I’d knew that was going to happen.” She laughed. “But now I know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly is there to know? Why is it, that in a time of regional drought, this neighborhood has experienced flooding at such a rate that “puddle” has become appropriate shorthand for 2 feet of standing water?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to understand Le Mar’s situation it is important to zoom out. This rectangle of asphalt wedged between the wetlands and a busy highway sits at the intersection of a number of environmental and governmental forces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The topography of Le Mar makes it particularly vulnerable to flooding. The mobile home park is one of the few developed areas of Redwood City that has been classified as a “special flood hazard area” by FEMA. The majority of this area, in light blue in the map, is a wetland preserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11485637\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11485637\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-800x932.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"932\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-800x932.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-160x186.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-240x280.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-375x437.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024-520x606.jpeg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-3-879x1024.jpeg 879w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Special hazard zones are indicated in blue. Le Mar is marked with a red dot. Dot added by Peninsula Press \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the FEMA Flood Map Service Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>These zones are designated by the federal government to discourage development, so as to avoid having people live in dangerous areas, according to Susan Cutter, a professor at University of South Carolina who has conducted extensive research on natural hazard risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What normally happens, however, is that those high-hazard areas actually have the most affordable land because of the hazard, and the affordability of the land means that people from lower incomes can reside in those areas,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is coupled with a particular vulnerability to the ravages of natural hazards, like flooding, among these groups. Wealthier people have more safety nets like insurance or additional bank accounts to dip into when they experience a hazard, Cutter says. But the unexpected cost of repairs and replacements can throw a major wrench into a tight budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s exactly what happened to Crivello, who lost her car because she didn’t have the kind of full coverage that would replace it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even worse, mobile home residents have a particular vulnerability to environmental hazards because their houses are less sturdy than other housing stock, according to Cutter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A mobile home could “float away in a flood, conceivably,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So then why is it that in Redwood City the very residents who can be hurt most by natural hazards live closest to these environmental forces?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is not just because the land is cheaper, but also because it is the only place these sort of residences are legally allowed to exist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mobile home parks are a particular zoning designation, according to the Redwood City municipal code. And, as is clear in a zoning map obtained from the city website, there is a very limited amount of land that allows mobile home parks. All of it sits within the high-risk flooding area. In the map below, mobile home areas are indicated in brown. The red dot indicates Le Mar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11485638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11485638 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-800x414.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-800x414.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-160x83.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-1020x528.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-960x497.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-240x124.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-375x194.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530-520x269.jpeg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Underwater-4-1024x530.jpeg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Redwood City zoning. Mobile home areas are indicated in brown. Le Mar is indicated by the red dot. Dot added by Peninsula Press. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the City of Redwood City website)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Redwood City, mobile home parks are permitted only in high-risk flood areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Levine, a professor at the University of Michigan and author of “Zoned Out: Regulation, Markets, and Choices in Transportation and Metropolitan Land Use,” says that while there are many good uses for zoning, like keeping people’s homes separate from the noise and odor of industrial areas, there is also an “insidious history” of measures separating different “kinds of people” by housing type. This means an apartment building or duplex may not be allowed to be next to a single-family home. Or that there may be restrictions on where you can live if your house is a mobile home rather than a permanent building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Chui, an assistant planner at the Community Development Department of Redwood City, said he was not sure if the mobile home parks were built in this area particularly because of zoning, or if the zoning laws were written because the parks were already there. He said the city could not do much to tell owners of private property to modify the land to reduce the effects of flooding, unless there was a development project planned. The exception to that would be the canal, which is government property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city ensures the canal is dredged every year so that the water flows freely toward the bay, and can store as much as possible. It has also added sand bags and concrete blocks between the edge of the canal and the park to mitigate overflow, according to Ramana Chinnakotla, Redwood City’s public works director. He said the city also has gas-powered pumps, which are far more effective than the electric pumps Le Mar currently owns, to propel water flowing into the park back into the canal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crivello credits the reduction in flooding over the last few years to these efforts, adding that she was very grateful after a decade and a half of residents dealing with the flooding on their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But these city measures are not always enough, as Feb. 7 made clear. Although the pumps help prevent smaller floods, Crivello said that when the water is really high and the canal is overflowing into the park, pumping water back into the canal creates an unproductive cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just pouring into the canal to pour it back out [into the park],” she said. She is disappointed that other measures she had been promised, including a steel fence that would prevent water from getting into the park, have not been implemented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chinnakotla said this was a valid concern, which was why the city was working toward a more “permanent solution.” He said the steel fence was scrapped because it would have taken too much time to get approved, and that he is instead working toward building a storage area for the water to flow into before it makes its way to the bay. He said he has been working on this idea for years, and is currently waiting for it to be approved so he can move forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, most Le Mar residents seem to know little about why the flooding continues year after year. Raul Acosta, 18, whose family has lived in Le Mar his entire life, said that neighbors discuss property damage, but never why it happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People only really talk about it in the first few days that it happens, then it’s business as usual, I guess,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it is today. As I talk to Acosta, he keeps an eye on his little sister as she twirls around her front yard in a princess dress, playing with the toys that all had to be replaced two years ago. During that flood, right before Christmas, the water had reached all the way to his home, which is roughly a city-block’s distance from the fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sun sparkles on the pavement, and except for a few puddles around potted plants — likely from over-zealous watering more than anything — today the ground is dry. A few cats zigzag across the pavement, sauntering slowly, then randomly bolting across the way, as if they hear something we can’t on this quiet afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But beyond the sleepy scene, beyond the fence surrounding the property, the canal still runs high with water, a subtle reminder that any day, storm clouds could build in the distance, come rumbling through and disrupt life here once again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Remembering a Soldier Who Died for His Country Before Becoming a Citizen",
"title": "Remembering a Soldier Who Died for His Country Before Becoming a Citizen",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Memorial Day weekend is a time when a lot of Americans remember those who have served and lost their lives during war — and not all of those individuals were U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Iraq War started, nearly 40,000 members of the military were not U.S. citizens. Army Pfc. Diego Rincon was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1989, his family immigrated to the U.S. from Colombia. In 2003, he was killed by a suicide bomber in Iraq. He died for his country even though he wasn't a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents, George Rincon and Yolanda Reyes, still remember their son and how quickly he adapted to his home in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We came here when he was 5 years old,\" Yolanda says. \"Diego started speaking English faster than we did. He was often letting me know, 'When I finish high school, I'm going to join the Army.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diego did go on to join the Army and he was on his way to becoming a citizen, along with his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before he went to Iraq, he got the green card,\" George says. \"But he said to me, 'Dad, don't do the citizenship until I return. We'll do it together.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/530026309/530162643\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolanda says the last time she spoke to Diego, he told her he had written her a letter, but instructed her not to open it until she was ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A week later I got the letter, and it was different from the rest,\" Yolanda says. \"He was talking about this feeling that he had that he was going to die. He asked for forgiveness for anything wrong that he had done, and he said that he loves me. This letter was like a bucket of icy water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diego died on March 29, 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While his mother was sitting on the steps of the family's home, a chaplain walked into the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He said, 'Mr. Rincon, I'm sorry. Your son is dead,' \" George says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolanda says she didn't believe the news at first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11479466\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 312px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11479466\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/rinconextra-2_custom-43b72d18e166b3d45a02a15ce8cebe9eb799ae6e-s400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Army Pfc. Diego Rincon during his time in Iraq in 2003.\" width=\"312\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/rinconextra-2_custom-43b72d18e166b3d45a02a15ce8cebe9eb799ae6e-s400-c85.jpg 312w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/rinconextra-2_custom-43b72d18e166b3d45a02a15ce8cebe9eb799ae6e-s400-c85-160x237.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/rinconextra-2_custom-43b72d18e166b3d45a02a15ce8cebe9eb799ae6e-s400-c85-240x355.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 312px) 100vw, 312px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Army Pfc. Diego Rincon during his time in Iraq in 2003. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Rincon Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I called the Army and asked for pictures of his body,\" she says. \"I looked at the pictures and I destroyed them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is still hard for the couple to believe that their son is gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I wake up in the morning thinking that this is a nightmare and he's coming back,\" George says. \"But I had my baby for 19 years and it was a blessing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolanda says they also wonder what might have happened if the family hadn't left Colombia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At least he was doing something with honor, with pride,\" she says. \"He was doing something for America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, Diego did get citizenship. It came the day of the his funeral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His death also helped get a bill passed that grants immediate citizenship to immigrant soldiers who die in combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a piece of paper, but it means a lot for us,\" George says. \"He will always be our hero.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio produced for \u003c/em>Morning Edition\u003cem> by Liyna Anwar and Jud Esty-Kendall.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>StoryCorps is a national nonprofit that gives people the chance to interview friends and loved ones about their lives. These conversations are archived at the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, allowing participants to leave a legacy for future generations. Learn more, including how to interview someone in your life, at \u003ca href=\"http://storycorps.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">StoryCorps.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Remembering+A+Soldier+Who+Died+For+His+Country+Before+Becoming+A+Citizen&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "George Rincon and Yolanda Reyes remember their son, Diego, an Iraq War veteran who was killed in action in 2003. The family came to the U.S. in 1989 as immigrants from Colombia.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Memorial Day weekend is a time when a lot of Americans remember those who have served and lost their lives during war — and not all of those individuals were U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Iraq War started, nearly 40,000 members of the military were not U.S. citizens. Army Pfc. Diego Rincon was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1989, his family immigrated to the U.S. from Colombia. In 2003, he was killed by a suicide bomber in Iraq. He died for his country even though he wasn't a citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His parents, George Rincon and Yolanda Reyes, still remember their son and how quickly he adapted to his home in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We came here when he was 5 years old,\" Yolanda says. \"Diego started speaking English faster than we did. He was often letting me know, 'When I finish high school, I'm going to join the Army.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diego did go on to join the Army and he was on his way to becoming a citizen, along with his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before he went to Iraq, he got the green card,\" George says. \"But he said to me, 'Dad, don't do the citizenship until I return. We'll do it together.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/530026309/530162643\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolanda says the last time she spoke to Diego, he told her he had written her a letter, but instructed her not to open it until she was ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A week later I got the letter, and it was different from the rest,\" Yolanda says. \"He was talking about this feeling that he had that he was going to die. He asked for forgiveness for anything wrong that he had done, and he said that he loves me. This letter was like a bucket of icy water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diego died on March 29, 2003.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While his mother was sitting on the steps of the family's home, a chaplain walked into the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He said, 'Mr. Rincon, I'm sorry. Your son is dead,' \" George says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolanda says she didn't believe the news at first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11479466\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 312px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11479466\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/rinconextra-2_custom-43b72d18e166b3d45a02a15ce8cebe9eb799ae6e-s400-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Army Pfc. Diego Rincon during his time in Iraq in 2003.\" width=\"312\" height=\"462\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/rinconextra-2_custom-43b72d18e166b3d45a02a15ce8cebe9eb799ae6e-s400-c85.jpg 312w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/rinconextra-2_custom-43b72d18e166b3d45a02a15ce8cebe9eb799ae6e-s400-c85-160x237.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/rinconextra-2_custom-43b72d18e166b3d45a02a15ce8cebe9eb799ae6e-s400-c85-240x355.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 312px) 100vw, 312px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Army Pfc. Diego Rincon during his time in Iraq in 2003. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Rincon Family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I called the Army and asked for pictures of his body,\" she says. \"I looked at the pictures and I destroyed them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is still hard for the couple to believe that their son is gone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes I wake up in the morning thinking that this is a nightmare and he's coming back,\" George says. \"But I had my baby for 19 years and it was a blessing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolanda says they also wonder what might have happened if the family hadn't left Colombia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At least he was doing something with honor, with pride,\" she says. \"He was doing something for America.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, Diego did get citizenship. It came the day of the his funeral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His death also helped get a bill passed that grants immediate citizenship to immigrant soldiers who die in combat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a piece of paper, but it means a lot for us,\" George says. \"He will always be our hero.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Audio produced for \u003c/em>Morning Edition\u003cem> by Liyna Anwar and Jud Esty-Kendall.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>StoryCorps is a national nonprofit that gives people the chance to interview friends and loved ones about their lives. These conversations are archived at the American Folklife Center at the Library of Congress, allowing participants to leave a legacy for future generations. Learn more, including how to interview someone in your life, at \u003ca href=\"http://storycorps.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">StoryCorps.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Remembering+A+Soldier+Who+Died+For+His+Country+Before+Becoming+A+Citizen&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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