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"content": "\u003cp>An appeals court in Washington, D.C., has blocked an attempt by the Environmental Protection Agency to delay Obama-era methane regulations, rejecting claims by the EPA that the oil and gas industry wasn’t allowed to comment on the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency could choose to rewrite the rules, but it overstepped in trying to delay them for years, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations in question are designed to prevent leaks at oil and gas facilities. Methane, which is released in natural gas leaks, is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/02/507100296/methanes-on-the-rise-but-regulations-to-stop-gas-leaks-still-debated\">potent greenhouse gas\u003c/a>, contributing to global warming; other leaked substances are \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/controlling-air-pollution-oil-and-natural-gas-industry/basic-information-about-oil-and-natural-gas\">harmful for human health\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Obama administration, the EPA crafted new rules, and the first deadlines for reporting and compliance were set for this summer. But then the Trump administration announced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/controlling-air-pollution-oil-and-natural-gas-industry/actions-and-notices-about-oil-and-natural-gas\">temporary stay\u003c/a> on the rules — first for 90 days, then for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dIiNBwfnjN5A4JLfH72IoQl1bIGVRBjZ”]Scott Pruitt, the administrator of the EPA, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/09/519425866/epa-chief-scott-pruitt-questions-basic-facts-about-climate-change\">expressed doubt\u003c/a> over fundamental facts about climate change, like the central role that greenhouse gas emissions play in global warming. Before being confirmed, he promised to aggressively roll back regulations at the agency, and observers say he’s been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/01/us/politics/trump-epa-chief-pruitt-regulations-climate-change.html\">effective in fulfilling that promise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judges in the D.C. Court of Appeals ruled 2-1 that this time, Pruitt’s rollback was erroneous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA claimed that the stay was necessary because the oil and gas industry hadn’t been given the opportunity to have input on some elements of the rules changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several environmental nonprofits disagreed, and sued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/A86B20D79BEB893E85258152005CA1B2/%24file/17-1145-1682465.pdf\">The judges ruled\u003c/a> that oil and gas companies could have commented on the provisions in question — in fact, that they \u003cem>had \u003c/em>commented about them, in writing, at the Obama-era EPA’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, the Trump administration pointed to an option for exempting pumps from regulation. Like the other provisions the EPA challenged, it hadn’t appeared in the proposed rule but did appear in the final rule, which meant the oil and gas industry didn’t get the chance to have any input on it, Pruitt’s agency argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court pointed out that the provision was actually suggested by the American Petroleum Institute, during the Obama administration’s comment process … which is why it didn’t show up in the first proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even a brief scan of the record demonstrates the inaccuracy of EPA’s statements,” the judges wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also said that because it wasn’t a final decision on the rule — just a two-year stay while the EPA “reconsidered” the regulation — there was nothing a court could do about it. The judges weren’t persuaded, saying that such a lengthy delay is “tantamount to amending or revoking a rule.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another set of federal methane regulations — covering emissions on federal or tribal lands — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/10/527786637/senators-reject-effort-to-roll-back-greenhouse-gas-emissions-rule\">narrowly survived a challenge in the Senate\u003c/a> in May. An effort to roll back the regulations failed 49-51, with Republican Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham and Susan Collins joining Democrats to keep the methane measure in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Christopher Joyce \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/02/507100296/methanes-on-the-rise-but-regulations-to-stop-gas-leaks-still-debated\">reported earlier this year\u003c/a>, the concentration of methane gas in the atmosphere was relatively constant for years but has been increasing noticeably within the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are multiple sources: sewers, manure pits, livestock, rice fields, natural wetlands. The oil and gas industry emphasizes that the biggest sources are agricultural and natural — while environmental scientist Rob Jackson told NPR that the contributions from fossil fuel industry appear to be rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry representatives note that there are voluntary efforts to reduce leaks as well. After all, it’s not just greenhouses gas emissions or air quality that’s at stake. “Methane is a commodity,” Christopher notes, “and leaked methane is money lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Appeals+Court+Says+EPA+Can%27t+Keep+Delaying+Obama-Era+Methane+Rules&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The U.S. Court of Appeals for D.C. notes the EPA can choose to rewrite a rule designed to prevent leaks from natural gas facilities. But it can't just put it off for two years, the judges decided.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>An appeals court in Washington, D.C., has blocked an attempt by the Environmental Protection Agency to delay Obama-era methane regulations, rejecting claims by the EPA that the oil and gas industry wasn’t allowed to comment on the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency could choose to rewrite the rules, but it overstepped in trying to delay them for years, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulations in question are designed to prevent leaks at oil and gas facilities. Methane, which is released in natural gas leaks, is a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/02/507100296/methanes-on-the-rise-but-regulations-to-stop-gas-leaks-still-debated\">potent greenhouse gas\u003c/a>, contributing to global warming; other leaked substances are \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/controlling-air-pollution-oil-and-natural-gas-industry/basic-information-about-oil-and-natural-gas\">harmful for human health\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Obama administration, the EPA crafted new rules, and the first deadlines for reporting and compliance were set for this summer. But then the Trump administration announced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/controlling-air-pollution-oil-and-natural-gas-industry/actions-and-notices-about-oil-and-natural-gas\">temporary stay\u003c/a> on the rules — first for 90 days, then for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Scott Pruitt, the administrator of the EPA, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/09/519425866/epa-chief-scott-pruitt-questions-basic-facts-about-climate-change\">expressed doubt\u003c/a> over fundamental facts about climate change, like the central role that greenhouse gas emissions play in global warming. Before being confirmed, he promised to aggressively roll back regulations at the agency, and observers say he’s been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/01/us/politics/trump-epa-chief-pruitt-regulations-climate-change.html\">effective in fulfilling that promise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judges in the D.C. Court of Appeals ruled 2-1 that this time, Pruitt’s rollback was erroneous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA claimed that the stay was necessary because the oil and gas industry hadn’t been given the opportunity to have input on some elements of the rules changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several environmental nonprofits disagreed, and sued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/A86B20D79BEB893E85258152005CA1B2/%24file/17-1145-1682465.pdf\">The judges ruled\u003c/a> that oil and gas companies could have commented on the provisions in question — in fact, that they \u003cem>had \u003c/em>commented about them, in writing, at the Obama-era EPA’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one case, the Trump administration pointed to an option for exempting pumps from regulation. Like the other provisions the EPA challenged, it hadn’t appeared in the proposed rule but did appear in the final rule, which meant the oil and gas industry didn’t get the chance to have any input on it, Pruitt’s agency argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court pointed out that the provision was actually suggested by the American Petroleum Institute, during the Obama administration’s comment process … which is why it didn’t show up in the first proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even a brief scan of the record demonstrates the inaccuracy of EPA’s statements,” the judges wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency also said that because it wasn’t a final decision on the rule — just a two-year stay while the EPA “reconsidered” the regulation — there was nothing a court could do about it. The judges weren’t persuaded, saying that such a lengthy delay is “tantamount to amending or revoking a rule.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another set of federal methane regulations — covering emissions on federal or tribal lands — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/10/527786637/senators-reject-effort-to-roll-back-greenhouse-gas-emissions-rule\">narrowly survived a challenge in the Senate\u003c/a> in May. An effort to roll back the regulations failed 49-51, with Republican Sens. John McCain, Lindsey Graham and Susan Collins joining Democrats to keep the methane measure in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Christopher Joyce \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/01/02/507100296/methanes-on-the-rise-but-regulations-to-stop-gas-leaks-still-debated\">reported earlier this year\u003c/a>, the concentration of methane gas in the atmosphere was relatively constant for years but has been increasing noticeably within the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are multiple sources: sewers, manure pits, livestock, rice fields, natural wetlands. The oil and gas industry emphasizes that the biggest sources are agricultural and natural — while environmental scientist Rob Jackson told NPR that the contributions from fossil fuel industry appear to be rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Industry representatives note that there are voluntary efforts to reduce leaks as well. After all, it’s not just greenhouses gas emissions or air quality that’s at stake. “Methane is a commodity,” Christopher notes, “and leaked methane is money lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Appeals+Court+Says+EPA+Can%27t+Keep+Delaying+Obama-Era+Methane+Rules&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Thirty-one-year-old Rodolfo Silva, a second-year pediatric resident, thought he was prepared to handle death. In his first year of residency at Loma Linda University Medical Center, he felt he was prepared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is part of the disease process. I think I’ll be OK,” he told himself. But then Silva watched as a terminally ill 4-year-old died and realized it was harder than he thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s completely different when you’re actually in the moment and seeing the reactions of the family. I think that’s probably the harder part,” said Silva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Death isn’t the only challenge young doctors-in-training face.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Some of these residents were inconsolable. I would see them and they would pull me into an empty room and just sob.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“You have to deal with difficult families. You have to deal with you not being as available to your own friends and family, or missing out on things that other people who are not in medicine that are your age would be able to do,” said Silva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In light of the many pressures on young doctors, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the accrediting organization that oversees teaching hospitals, now requires residents have 24/7 access to a mental health professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s part a new set of guidelines that went into effect on July 1. The rules also include a change in the number of hours first-year residents can work and more flexibility in their schedules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11549702\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11549702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Rudy Silva checks on one of his patients in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Loma Linda University Medical Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-800x538.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-1180x793.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-960x646.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-375x252.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-520x350.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rudy Silva checks on one of his patients in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Loma Linda University Medical Center. \u003ccite>(Daryl Barker/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Loma Linda, Barbara Hernandez, the director of physician vitality, works to address physician stress before it becomes a bigger problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If many of our physicians saw the kinds of things on the street that they see in the protected walls of the hospital, they would need treatment for PTSD,” said Hernandez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She came to her job after a career as an intensive care unit nurse. In that work, she saw firsthand as overwhelmed residents struggled to deal with the pressures of caring for patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of these residents were inconsolable. I would see them and they would pull me into an empty room and just sob,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez’ job is to make sure physicians, especially new ones, are developing health habits to deal with that stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, these issues aren’t new to medicine. She said the profession has a tradition of a certain mindset of infallibility and self-sacrifice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Physicians have no needs, should not talk about emotions, should never complain. … When we have people to subscribe to that, it’s a quick recipe for burnout,” said Hernandez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burnout is more than fatigue. It can be dangerous. \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2467822\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">One study reported in 2015 in JAMA Psychiatry\u003c/a> found that 23 percent of first-year residents had suicidal thoughts. They can have high rates of other depressive symptoms, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fUY0PTmc0VdDDLo8D5eNflPn6ipLQWS1″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guidelines from the Accreditation Council aim to address this by making sure physicians have flexibility in their busy schedules. They’re encouraged not to work when they’re overly fatigued and to take time during the day to handle their own medical appointments. If they work on charts at home, they’re instructed to count those hours toward their maximum 80-hour workweek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a recognition that physicians are human beings, and that we get tired, we get sad, we have problems in our social lives, just the way anyone else does,” said Dr. Daniel Giang, Loma Linda’s head of graduate education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, first-year residents will be allowed to work 24-hour shifts. That’s an increase from the 16 hours they’ve been limited to since 2011. The longer shift puts their hours on par with older residents. The decision was based on research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A 16-hour limitation did not make it any safer for patients that we could determine,” Giang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giang said residents didn’t report more satisfaction with the shorter shifts either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For D’Artagnan DeBow, a fifth-year surgical resident, long shifts are part of on-the-job training for new doctors, some of whom haven’t had a job before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now they’re working 80 hours and working a 24-[hour] shift on a Friday night with a busy trauma service, and going to the operating room and taking care of sick patients on the floor. You have to be able to triage your time appropriately,” said DeBow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an administrator, Giang sees the change in hours as a way to keep teams with different levels of experience together. He wants residents to find a work-life balance with the help of attending physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11549705\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11549705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"Attending physician Cynthia Tinsley on call at the Loma Linda University Medical Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-960x643.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attending physician Cynthia Tinsley on call at the Loma Linda University Medical Center. \u003ccite>(Daryl Barker/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Cynthia Tinsley’s dual role comes into play here. She makes sure the residents she supervises understand the medicine they practice, but she also serves as someone they can seek out when they need help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tinsley includes wellness in her curriculum, teaching the residents coping strategies for stress and the warning signs to watch for when it’s time to seek help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the common things is when you have anger management issues, when you’re finding that you’re seeking alcohol — ‘I need a drink.’ If you’re not sleeping well, if you’re not eating well. You’re finding that you’re losing interest in life and you’re going through things in a mechanical way,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over her career, Tinsley has seen doctors develop these weak coping behaviors. That’s why some of them have a poor bedside manner. She’s training physicians to be alert to those risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having Tinsley and others to talk to has made a big difference for Dr. Silva. He said he’s living a healthier lifestyle this year than he did in his first year of residency and his program has been a big support in this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you came in with no anxiety, no depression, and you’re leaving with depression and anxiety, that’s not going to do anyone any good, whether it be the physician or the patients that they take care of,” said Silva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loma Linda administrators say that’s the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is certainly very important to medical educators at all levels trying to decide, how can we help residents and medical students and junior physicians and even senior physicians take care of their health better, realize that’s part of their professional responsibility, to present themselves ready to give their best in caring for their patients,” said administrator Giang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wants to make sure residents are doing their best for the patients they are treating both now and 15 years in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In light of the many pressures on young doctors, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, the accrediting organization that oversees teaching hospitals, now requires residents have 24/7 access to a mental health professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s part a new set of guidelines that went into effect on July 1. The rules also include a change in the number of hours first-year residents can work and more flexibility in their schedules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11549702\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11549702\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-800x538.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Rudy Silva checks on one of his patients in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Loma Linda University Medical Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"538\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-800x538.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-160x108.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-1020x686.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-1180x793.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-960x646.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-375x252.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DoctorRudy-520x350.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rudy Silva checks on one of his patients in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit at the Loma Linda University Medical Center. \u003ccite>(Daryl Barker/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Loma Linda, Barbara Hernandez, the director of physician vitality, works to address physician stress before it becomes a bigger problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If many of our physicians saw the kinds of things on the street that they see in the protected walls of the hospital, they would need treatment for PTSD,” said Hernandez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She came to her job after a career as an intensive care unit nurse. In that work, she saw firsthand as overwhelmed residents struggled to deal with the pressures of caring for patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of these residents were inconsolable. I would see them and they would pull me into an empty room and just sob,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez’ job is to make sure physicians, especially new ones, are developing health habits to deal with that stress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, these issues aren’t new to medicine. She said the profession has a tradition of a certain mindset of infallibility and self-sacrifice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Physicians have no needs, should not talk about emotions, should never complain. … When we have people to subscribe to that, it’s a quick recipe for burnout,” said Hernandez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burnout is more than fatigue. It can be dangerous. \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2467822\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">One study reported in 2015 in JAMA Psychiatry\u003c/a> found that 23 percent of first-year residents had suicidal thoughts. They can have high rates of other depressive symptoms, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guidelines from the Accreditation Council aim to address this by making sure physicians have flexibility in their busy schedules. They’re encouraged not to work when they’re overly fatigued and to take time during the day to handle their own medical appointments. If they work on charts at home, they’re instructed to count those hours toward their maximum 80-hour workweek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a recognition that physicians are human beings, and that we get tired, we get sad, we have problems in our social lives, just the way anyone else does,” said Dr. Daniel Giang, Loma Linda’s head of graduate education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, first-year residents will be allowed to work 24-hour shifts. That’s an increase from the 16 hours they’ve been limited to since 2011. The longer shift puts their hours on par with older residents. The decision was based on research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A 16-hour limitation did not make it any safer for patients that we could determine,” Giang said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giang said residents didn’t report more satisfaction with the shorter shifts either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For D’Artagnan DeBow, a fifth-year surgical resident, long shifts are part of on-the-job training for new doctors, some of whom haven’t had a job before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now they’re working 80 hours and working a 24-[hour] shift on a Friday night with a busy trauma service, and going to the operating room and taking care of sick patients on the floor. You have to be able to triage your time appropriately,” said DeBow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an administrator, Giang sees the change in hours as a way to keep teams with different levels of experience together. He wants residents to find a work-life balance with the help of attending physicians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11549705\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11549705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"Attending physician Cynthia Tinsley on call at the Loma Linda University Medical Center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-960x643.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/DrCynthia-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Attending physician Cynthia Tinsley on call at the Loma Linda University Medical Center. \u003ccite>(Daryl Barker/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Cynthia Tinsley’s dual role comes into play here. She makes sure the residents she supervises understand the medicine they practice, but she also serves as someone they can seek out when they need help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tinsley includes wellness in her curriculum, teaching the residents coping strategies for stress and the warning signs to watch for when it’s time to seek help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the common things is when you have anger management issues, when you’re finding that you’re seeking alcohol — ‘I need a drink.’ If you’re not sleeping well, if you’re not eating well. You’re finding that you’re losing interest in life and you’re going through things in a mechanical way,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over her career, Tinsley has seen doctors develop these weak coping behaviors. That’s why some of them have a poor bedside manner. She’s training physicians to be alert to those risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having Tinsley and others to talk to has made a big difference for Dr. Silva. He said he’s living a healthier lifestyle this year than he did in his first year of residency and his program has been a big support in this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you came in with no anxiety, no depression, and you’re leaving with depression and anxiety, that’s not going to do anyone any good, whether it be the physician or the patients that they take care of,” said Silva.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loma Linda administrators say that’s the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is certainly very important to medical educators at all levels trying to decide, how can we help residents and medical students and junior physicians and even senior physicians take care of their health better, realize that’s part of their professional responsibility, to present themselves ready to give their best in caring for their patients,” said administrator Giang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wants to make sure residents are doing their best for the patients they are treating both now and 15 years in the future.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Near-Record Snowpack Is Melting Into Raging Rivers",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two years ago, near the end of California's devastating drought, Tom Moore stood on the banks of the depleted Kern River in Southern California and looked out at the slow-moving waters dejectedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We call that a creek,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/03/397325268/californias-ongoing-drought-hits-water-recreation-businesses\">he said of the mighty Kern\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore is the owner of Sierra South, a whitewater recreation company in Kernville. And with the drought, there wasn't much in the way of whitewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, how things change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wet winter and near-record snowpack have left the Sierra Nevada buried in a deep, lingering snow; \u003ca href=\"http://freeskier.com/stories/go-skiing-in-california-fourth-of-july\">ski resorts\u003c/a> in Northern California are still open. But as temperatures have risen, melting some of that snow, so too have the state's waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not a creek,\" Moore says, looking out at the Kern River on a recent hot summer day. \"This is a raging river.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NathanRott/status/880253349295120388\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change in the water's behavior has been good for Moore and whitewater sports enthusiasts -- professional kayakers are flocking to the Kern. But it's also proved dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern River has claimed the lives of eight people since March. The Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-kern-river-4th-july-20170705-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reports\u003c/a> that over the long holiday weekend, one more person died and two others went missing. And on Saturday, crews pulled out the body of a swimmer lost to the raging waters more than a week earlier. That body was identified as belonging to Michael Ramirez, a member of the Orange County underground hip-hop group Rebellion Warfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency workers worry there will be more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not the same river [people] may have visited last year,\" says Sgt. Zack Bittle, with Kern County Search and Rescue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/534877196/535348114\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water is 10 times stronger than it was a year ago, Bittle says. Riverbanks are less stable. Vegetation and brush that had grown on low shorelines during the drought are now submerged, creating invisible, underwater hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't recommend going in the river this year. It's just insane,\" Bittle says. He adds that if you must go in the water, to be sure to take an expert guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power of the Kern River is partly due to geography. The Kern River draws its waters from the base of Mount Whitney, the highest point in the continental U.S., more than 2 miles above sea level. From there, the snowmelt races down narrow canyons and chutes, past Kernville, to the flat, flax-colored floor of the Central Valley below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drop in elevation and surrounding geology give the Kern River oomph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NathanRott/status/879878082366132224\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the issues with snowmelt aren't unique to Kern this year. Up and down the Sierra Nevada, waterways are flooding with snowmelt. Further up California's Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-kings-river-flooding-snowpack-20170626-story.html\">homeowners were evacuated\u003c/a> when the King River breached the riverbank. Reservoirs are near full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding matters is the fact that water officials aren't entirely sure how much snow there is left to melt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we noticed during the heat wave is that the area of snow that is still covered up there didn't really reduce from one extent to the other,\" says David Rizzardo, of California's Department of Water Resources. \"There was just an incredible amount of depth. There's still probably easily 5, 10 feet of snow in some of these places.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials don't really have any historical perspective to look at for guidance either, Rizzardo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSSacramento/status/879777170905858048\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, California's snowpack was 5 percent of normal. It was the lowest ever recorded. This year, the state had one of the biggest snowpacks ever recorded — \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6815\">larger than the last four years combined\u003c/a>. The jump from one to the other has made it really difficult to forecast what rivers and the landscape are going to do. The concern water officials have is that this could become the new normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the worries with climate change is that we see extremes more often,\" Rizzardo says. \"And the extremes are even more extreme than we've seen in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitewater recreation companies like Moore's firm are well aware of the unpredictability. They're booking rafting trips and padding their wallets for possible thin years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MYgvjGDQuqXyRnkNnGiDjrmWeeImTpX3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some customers have been scared off by the recent deaths and the river's strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Vantol is not one of them. The San Diego native is smiling as she hops off a raft and wades up to the shadowed banks of the Kern River on a recent day. She and her family just went over a Class III rapid on the river and the thrill of it is still in her eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was my first time river rafting,\" she says. \"I chose a great year to start apparently.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California%27s+Near-Record+Snowpack+Is+Melting+Into+Raging+Rivers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two years ago, near the end of California's devastating drought, Tom Moore stood on the banks of the depleted Kern River in Southern California and looked out at the slow-moving waters dejectedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We call that a creek,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/03/397325268/californias-ongoing-drought-hits-water-recreation-businesses\">he said of the mighty Kern\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore is the owner of Sierra South, a whitewater recreation company in Kernville. And with the drought, there wasn't much in the way of whitewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh, how things change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wet winter and near-record snowpack have left the Sierra Nevada buried in a deep, lingering snow; \u003ca href=\"http://freeskier.com/stories/go-skiing-in-california-fourth-of-july\">ski resorts\u003c/a> in Northern California are still open. But as temperatures have risen, melting some of that snow, so too have the state's waterways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not a creek,\" Moore says, looking out at the Kern River on a recent hot summer day. \"This is a raging river.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The change in the water's behavior has been good for Moore and whitewater sports enthusiasts -- professional kayakers are flocking to the Kern. But it's also proved dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kern River has claimed the lives of eight people since March. The Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-kern-river-4th-july-20170705-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reports\u003c/a> that over the long holiday weekend, one more person died and two others went missing. And on Saturday, crews pulled out the body of a swimmer lost to the raging waters more than a week earlier. That body was identified as belonging to Michael Ramirez, a member of the Orange County underground hip-hop group Rebellion Warfare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emergency workers worry there will be more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not the same river [people] may have visited last year,\" says Sgt. Zack Bittle, with Kern County Search and Rescue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/534877196/535348114\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water is 10 times stronger than it was a year ago, Bittle says. Riverbanks are less stable. Vegetation and brush that had grown on low shorelines during the drought are now submerged, creating invisible, underwater hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't recommend going in the river this year. It's just insane,\" Bittle says. He adds that if you must go in the water, to be sure to take an expert guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power of the Kern River is partly due to geography. The Kern River draws its waters from the base of Mount Whitney, the highest point in the continental U.S., more than 2 miles above sea level. From there, the snowmelt races down narrow canyons and chutes, past Kernville, to the flat, flax-colored floor of the Central Valley below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drop in elevation and surrounding geology give the Kern River oomph.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>But the issues with snowmelt aren't unique to Kern this year. Up and down the Sierra Nevada, waterways are flooding with snowmelt. Further up California's Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-kings-river-flooding-snowpack-20170626-story.html\">homeowners were evacuated\u003c/a> when the King River breached the riverbank. Reservoirs are near full.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compounding matters is the fact that water officials aren't entirely sure how much snow there is left to melt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we noticed during the heat wave is that the area of snow that is still covered up there didn't really reduce from one extent to the other,\" says David Rizzardo, of California's Department of Water Resources. \"There was just an incredible amount of depth. There's still probably easily 5, 10 feet of snow in some of these places.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water officials don't really have any historical perspective to look at for guidance either, Rizzardo says.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, California's snowpack was 5 percent of normal. It was the lowest ever recorded. This year, the state had one of the biggest snowpacks ever recorded — \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6815\">larger than the last four years combined\u003c/a>. The jump from one to the other has made it really difficult to forecast what rivers and the landscape are going to do. The concern water officials have is that this could become the new normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the worries with climate change is that we see extremes more often,\" Rizzardo says. \"And the extremes are even more extreme than we've seen in the past.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whitewater recreation companies like Moore's firm are well aware of the unpredictability. They're booking rafting trips and padding their wallets for possible thin years ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some customers have been scared off by the recent deaths and the river's strength.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Vantol is not one of them. The San Diego native is smiling as she hops off a raft and wades up to the shadowed banks of the Kern River on a recent day. She and her family just went over a Class III rapid on the river and the thrill of it is still in her eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That was my first time river rafting,\" she says. \"I chose a great year to start apparently.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California%27s+Near-Record+Snowpack+Is+Melting+Into+Raging+Rivers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Climate scientists agree that this century is getting much warmer and that such warming will likely bring economic pain to the U.S., but economists aren’t sure how much. Now, a team of scientists and economists, writing in the upcoming issue of the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, says it can at least tell which parts of the country are likely to suffer the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers started with history: How have heat waves and drought affected the economy in the past? Then they applied that metric to a range of future warming scenarios — from minor to extreme — and mapped the effects, county by county across the U.S. They found that if warming continues at recent rates, it could shave 3 to 6 percentage points off of the country’s gross domestic product by century’s end — the warmer it gets, the bigger the hit to the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead researcher Solomon Hsiang acknowledges that the numbers are uncertain by scientific standards but that they aren’t really the bottom line. “I think the takeaway message that is most striking is that the effects of climate change on the U.S. are not the same everywhere,” says Hsiang, an economist at the University of California, Berkeley. “Where you are in the country really matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colder places like New England might see an economic upturn — for example, from lower heating bills. But places that are already hot, like the South and Midwest, could see huge damage to their local economies, due to enormous electric bills, dying crops or mass migration away from the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe that is not so surprising, but Hsiang takes it a step further: Climate change will redistribute wealth by driving workers, businesses and agriculture away from those hard-hit regions and move them mostly toward the north and west of the country. Again, Hsiang says exactly how much is hard to predict. But he says that is actually part of the new study’s findings: “When you start changing the climate,” he says, “it starts affecting all these aspects of the economy, and it makes the future world harder to predict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Things that are somewhat easier to predict include how many more people die as heat waves get hotter, which has an economic cost associated with it. But it’s much harder to envision what new technologies might emerge to help people adapt to climate change, generate cleaner electricity or remove carbon from the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With so many uncertainties, why do this kind of exercise? Even if it’s accurate, a climate change cost of 6 percentage points or even more in the national GDP will be dwarfed by an economy that will grow many times over by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over a century, that could make up for all the losses from anthropogenic global warming and then some,” says Ted Nordhaus, an analyst with the energy and environment group The Breakthrough Institute. “For citizens of wealthy societies, there is too much infrastructure and technical capacity to see a dramatic decline in living standards.” He says the downside of predictions so far into the future is that they scare people unnecessarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But economist Billy Pizer at Duke University says research like this at least brings a distant threat into focus. “It’s important to figure out: Are we talking about something the size of a bread box or the size of an elephant or the size of a mouse?” he says. “And I think getting those sorts of magnitudes right, I think is really important, and I think that’s what this paper does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it continues a long-standing effort to determine something called “the social cost of carbon” (carbon dioxide being the major greenhouse gas). What’s a ton of carbon pollution going to do to the economy, and should polluters pay that cost now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administrations of George W. Bush and Barack Obama endeavored to figure out the social cost of carbon, with an eye toward charging polluters for every ton of carbon they emit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the administration of Donald Trump says it’s not interested in the social cost of carbon or moving away from carbon-based fuels, arguing that doing so would hurt the economy. Climate economist Chris Field at Stanford University says yes, decarbonizing the economy would be expensive, but he compares it to the space program in the 1960s. “It cost a lot,” he says, “but it also unleashed a huge amount of creativity and innovation and really launched the United States on a trajectory to being ready for the 21st century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Mapping+The+Potential+Economic+Effects+Of+Climate+Change+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Climate scientists agree that this century is getting much warmer and that such warming will likely bring economic pain to the U.S., but economists aren’t sure how much. Now, a team of scientists and economists, writing in the upcoming issue of the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, says it can at least tell which parts of the country are likely to suffer the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers started with history: How have heat waves and drought affected the economy in the past? Then they applied that metric to a range of future warming scenarios — from minor to extreme — and mapped the effects, county by county across the U.S. They found that if warming continues at recent rates, it could shave 3 to 6 percentage points off of the country’s gross domestic product by century’s end — the warmer it gets, the bigger the hit to the economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lead researcher Solomon Hsiang acknowledges that the numbers are uncertain by scientific standards but that they aren’t really the bottom line. “I think the takeaway message that is most striking is that the effects of climate change on the U.S. are not the same everywhere,” says Hsiang, an economist at the University of California, Berkeley. “Where you are in the country really matters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colder places like New England might see an economic upturn — for example, from lower heating bills. But places that are already hot, like the South and Midwest, could see huge damage to their local economies, due to enormous electric bills, dying crops or mass migration away from the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe that is not so surprising, but Hsiang takes it a step further: Climate change will redistribute wealth by driving workers, businesses and agriculture away from those hard-hit regions and move them mostly toward the north and west of the country. Again, Hsiang says exactly how much is hard to predict. But he says that is actually part of the new study’s findings: “When you start changing the climate,” he says, “it starts affecting all these aspects of the economy, and it makes the future world harder to predict.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Sen. Kamala Harris toured the state Monday, rallying supporters against the Republican-backed health care plan in the Senate as she searched for stories to highlight when debate over the bill returns to Congress next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After speaking at a citizenship ceremony in Los Angeles, Harris held \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-kamala-harris-greets-supporters-at-1499107605-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a rally\u003c/a> at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center in Torrance to oppose the Better Care Reconciliation Act currently in Senate. She then flew to San Francisco to meet with seniors at the Institute on Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harris said she heard stories all day “from people who want to live with dignity, who want to work hard, but they want to afford to be able to pay for their asthma medication and also keep their home.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Without coverage, they can’t do both,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event in San Francisco focused on the impact the Senate bill would have on Californians who receive care through Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicaid program for the poor and disabled. The Senate proposal would reduce federal payments to Medicaid, leaving states on the hook for more of the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the State Department of Health Care Services \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/Documents/BCRA_Impact_Memo_062717.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimated \u003c/a>that the Senate plan would shift $30.3 billion of Medi-Cal costs to California over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris attended a roundtable of patients and providers, who emphasized that Medi-Cal covers critical services that older Californians can’t get through Medicare, the health care program for the elderly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Home care is the most striking example,” said Jeff Wilkins, a social worker at the Institute. “Medicare does not pay for home care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most memorable exchanges of the afternoon came from the handful of seniors who spoke with Harris as she toured the Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huiquing Chen told the senator through an interpreter that the biggest difference between the current Affordable Care Act, and the Republican plans in the House and Senate, is the lack of the word ‘affordable.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting old, which is becoming a pre-existing condition,” Chen quipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clem McCoy, 83, chatted up Harris on a different topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Y’all need to get the president up out of there!” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day at a time,” Harris replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-video\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/IOASFBAY\">@IOASFBAY\u003c/a>, 83 year old Clem McCoy tells \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenKamalaHarris\">@SenKamalaHarris\u003c/a> to get President Trump “up outta here.” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/kuWgyFZ3QQ\">pic.twitter.com/kuWgyFZ3QQ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Guy Marzorati (@GuyMarzorati) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GuyMarzorati/status/881997765894590465\">July 3, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Republican plan in the Senate stalled over the July 4 holiday, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/769b99020b034b55a395e9e131003ac5/White-House:-Trump-backs-repeal-only-health-bill-as-'option'\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at least nine senators\u003c/a> opposing the bill. In response, President Trump has expressed some support for repealing the legislation without a replacement plan in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’m frankly not clear on what their strategy is,” Harris said in response to that idea. “Over 30 million Americans, if it is repealed, will lose their coverage.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Sen. Kamala Harris toured the state Monday, rallying supporters against the Republican-backed health care plan in the Senate as she searched for stories to highlight when debate over the bill returns to Congress next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After speaking at a citizenship ceremony in Los Angeles, Harris held \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-kamala-harris-greets-supporters-at-1499107605-htmlstory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a rally\u003c/a> at the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center in Torrance to oppose the Better Care Reconciliation Act currently in Senate. She then flew to San Francisco to meet with seniors at the Institute on Aging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Harris said she heard stories all day “from people who want to live with dignity, who want to work hard, but they want to afford to be able to pay for their asthma medication and also keep their home.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Without coverage, they can’t do both,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The event in San Francisco focused on the impact the Senate bill would have on Californians who receive care through Medi-Cal, the state’s Medicaid program for the poor and disabled. The Senate proposal would reduce federal payments to Medicaid, leaving states on the hook for more of the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the State Department of Health Care Services \u003ca href=\"http://www.dhcs.ca.gov/Documents/BCRA_Impact_Memo_062717.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">estimated \u003c/a>that the Senate plan would shift $30.3 billion of Medi-Cal costs to California over the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris attended a roundtable of patients and providers, who emphasized that Medi-Cal covers critical services that older Californians can’t get through Medicare, the health care program for the elderly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Home care is the most striking example,” said Jeff Wilkins, a social worker at the Institute. “Medicare does not pay for home care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most memorable exchanges of the afternoon came from the handful of seniors who spoke with Harris as she toured the Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huiquing Chen told the senator through an interpreter that the biggest difference between the current Affordable Care Act, and the Republican plans in the House and Senate, is the lack of the word ‘affordable.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting old, which is becoming a pre-existing condition,” Chen quipped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clem McCoy, 83, chatted up Harris on a different topic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Y’all need to get the president up out of there!” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day at a time,” Harris replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-video\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">At \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/IOASFBAY\">@IOASFBAY\u003c/a>, 83 year old Clem McCoy tells \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenKamalaHarris\">@SenKamalaHarris\u003c/a> to get President Trump “up outta here.” \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/kuWgyFZ3QQ\">pic.twitter.com/kuWgyFZ3QQ\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Guy Marzorati (@GuyMarzorati) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/GuyMarzorati/status/881997765894590465\">July 3, 2017\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Republican plan in the Senate stalled over the July 4 holiday, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.apnews.com/769b99020b034b55a395e9e131003ac5/White-House:-Trump-backs-repeal-only-health-bill-as-'option'\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">at least nine senators\u003c/a> opposing the bill. In response, President Trump has expressed some support for repealing the legislation without a replacement plan in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I’m frankly not clear on what their strategy is,” Harris said in response to that idea. “Over 30 million Americans, if it is repealed, will lose their coverage.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Stephen Hawking: Trump Is Pushing Earth's Climate 'Over The Brink'",
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"content": "\u003cp>The world’s best-known living physicist, Stephen Hawking, says that President Trump’s decision to pull out of the Paris climate change accord could lead humanity to a tipping point, “turning the Earth into Venus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cambridge professor and renowned cosmologist made the remarks in \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40461726\">an interview with the BBC\u003c/a> that aired Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are close to the tipping point where global warming becomes irreversible,” Hawking told the BBC. “Trump’s action could push the Earth over the brink, to become like Venus, with a temperature of 250 degrees, and raining sulphuric acid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawking, who is best known for his discoveries about black holes, called climate change “one of the great dangers we face, and it’s one we can prevent if we act now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By denying the evidence for climate change, and pulling out of the Paris Climate Agreement, Donald Trump will cause avoidable environmental damage to our beautiful planet, endangering the natural world, for us and our children,” Hawking told the BBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time that Hawking has blurred the lines between science and politics in his public pronouncements. In December, for example, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/01/stephen-hawking-dangerous-time-planet-inequality\">wrote in an editorial in The Guardian\u003c/a> newspaper that Brexit and the election of Donald Trump were “a cry of anger” aimed at the elites, such as himself, in both America and Britain. He said that we are “at the most dangerous moment in the development of humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Stephen+Hawking%3A+Trump+Pushing+Earth%27s+Climate+%27Over+The+Brink%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The world’s best-known living physicist, Stephen Hawking, says that President Trump’s decision to pull out of the Paris climate change accord could lead humanity to a tipping point, “turning the Earth into Venus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cambridge professor and renowned cosmologist made the remarks in \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-40461726\">an interview with the BBC\u003c/a> that aired Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are close to the tipping point where global warming becomes irreversible,” Hawking told the BBC. “Trump’s action could push the Earth over the brink, to become like Venus, with a temperature of 250 degrees, and raining sulphuric acid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawking, who is best known for his discoveries about black holes, called climate change “one of the great dangers we face, and it’s one we can prevent if we act now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By denying the evidence for climate change, and pulling out of the Paris Climate Agreement, Donald Trump will cause avoidable environmental damage to our beautiful planet, endangering the natural world, for us and our children,” Hawking told the BBC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not the first time that Hawking has blurred the lines between science and politics in his public pronouncements. In December, for example, he \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/dec/01/stephen-hawking-dangerous-time-planet-inequality\">wrote in an editorial in The Guardian\u003c/a> newspaper that Brexit and the election of Donald Trump were “a cry of anger” aimed at the elites, such as himself, in both America and Britain. He said that we are “at the most dangerous moment in the development of humanity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Stephen+Hawking%3A+Trump+Pushing+Earth%27s+Climate+%27Over+The+Brink%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How The Story Of Beer Is The Story Of America",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you crack open a beer this Fourth of July, history might not be the first thing on your mind. But for \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/profile/1296\">Theresa McCulla\u003c/a>, the first brewing historian at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, the story of beer is the story of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you want to talk about the history of immigration in America, or urbanization or the expansion of transportation networks, really any subject that you want to explore, you can talk about through beer,\" McCulla says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since taking the job earlier this year, she has combed through the Smithsonian's archives and pulled out treasures that show beer's part in American history — whether that has to do with advertising, technology, gender roles or even popular entertainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to some sheet music in the collection for a song called \"Budweiser Is a Friend of Mine,\" she explains that the tune premiered on Broadway at the Ziegfeld Follies in 1907.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118758\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-1020x492.jpg\" alt=\"An advertisement for Budweiser beer, Anheuser-Busch, St. Louis, Mo.\" width=\"640\" height=\"309\" class=\"size-large wp-image-118758\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-1020x492.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-160x77.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-800x386.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-768x370.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-1180x569.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-960x463.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-240x116.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-375x181.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-520x251.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An advertisement for Budweiser beer, Anheuser-Busch, St. Louis, Mo. \u003ccite>(National Museum of American History, Archives Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They lyrics of the song tell the story of a man who goes out drinking in a bar and sings about how he prefers his Budweiser to his wife, because his beer does not talk back to him,\" McCulla says. \"But the song concludes with his wife pouring him a schooner of Budweiser at home so he does not need to drink elsewhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can't truly tell the American story of beer, though, without talking about immigration. More than a million \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/02/03/513263766/budweiser-s-super-bowl-ad-misses-the-real-timelier-story-about-immigrants-and-be\">German immigrants came\u003c/a> to the U.S. in the second half of the 1800s – and they were beer drinkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They brought new kinds of brewing yeast, they brought different kinds of brewing methods, and suddenly they produced this lager beer – a very light, crisp brew that became very popular with Americans,\" McCulla says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those immigrants transformed the kind of beer Americans drink and established a new industry in the process. The drink evolved from heavy, English-style ales to the cold, quaffable style that's common today. And instead of home brews, by 1900 many cities had entire neighborhoods full of breweries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulla says one of the most interesting aspects of the story of American beer is that it has come full circle: from the early days of home brews, to mass-produced beer, through the crash of Prohibition and back to a resurgence of microbreweries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118753\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 707px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7.jpg\" alt='This beer tray, circa 1905 - from the Beer Drivers Union 132 — shows a driver and a brewer working together. It says in German \"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.\"' width=\"707\" height=\"530\" class=\"size-full wp-image-118753\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7.jpg 707w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 707px) 100vw, 707px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This beer tray, circa 1905 - from the Beer Drivers Union 132 — shows a driver and a brewer working together. It says in German \"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.\" \u003ccite>(National Museum of American History)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We now have so many breweries in this country, we have exceeded the pre-Prohibition number of breweries,\" McCulla says. \"We have reached over 5,000 breweries at this point, so it's truly the golden age to be a beer drinker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not far from the Smithsonian, this entire cycle is happening in one place. Outside the \u003ca href=\"https://portnerbrewhouse.com/\">Portner Brewhouse\u003c/a> in Alexandria, Va., a sign says: \"Established 1869, Re-Established 2012.\" The company was founded by Robert Portner, a German immigrant. At its peak, the company was the biggest employer in the city. More than 600 people worked for Portner, churning out more than 6 million bottles of beer every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portner's company was forced to close during Prohibition in 1916. But a century later, sisters Catherine and Margaret Portner, two of his great-great granddaughters, reopened the brewery just a few miles from its original site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the company's early marketing materials are in the Smithsonian's collection. The original advertisements note Robert Portner's company as the original king of beers, says Catherine Portner — long before Budweiser began using that phrase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Sisters Catherine (left) and Margaret Portner have re-established Portner's Brewery, which was opened in Alexandria, Va., in 1869 by their great-great grandfather, then closed during Prohibition.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-118754\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sisters Catherine (left) and Margaret Portner have re-established Portner's Brewery, which was opened in Alexandria, Va., in 1869 by their great-great grandfather, then closed during Prohibition. \u003ccite>(Ari Shapiro/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Historical artifacts line the walls of the Portner Brewhouse, and the kitchen serves up food with a German twist. And at the in-house brewery, the sisters have recreated some of the original Portner's brews, based on the notes that Robert Portner wrote in German. But they've also made some innovations themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, harkening back to the early days of home brewing, the company also has a \"\u003ca href=\"https://portnerbrewhouse.com/craft-beer-test-kitchen/\">Craft Beer Test Kitchen Series\u003c/a>,\" which gives home brewers professional experience and feedback on their original recipes, which are brewed at Portner's and then sold to thirsty customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Portner pours a cloudy yellow beer from the tap. \"This is the Hofbrau Pilsner that we have reconstructed from the Robert Portner brewing company,\" she says. The Pilsner was one of the company's flagship beers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It doesn't look or taste like a glass full of American history, or technology or immigration – even though on some level, it is all of those things. It just tastes like a really good beer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Smithsonian's first brewing historian explores everything from immigration to urbanization through the lens of beer. And with the boom in microbrewing, she says beer's story has come full circle.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you crack open a beer this Fourth of July, history might not be the first thing on your mind. But for \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/profile/1296\">Theresa McCulla\u003c/a>, the first brewing historian at the Smithsonian's National Museum of American History, the story of beer is the story of America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you want to talk about the history of immigration in America, or urbanization or the expansion of transportation networks, really any subject that you want to explore, you can talk about through beer,\" McCulla says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since taking the job earlier this year, she has combed through the Smithsonian's archives and pulled out treasures that show beer's part in American history — whether that has to do with advertising, technology, gender roles or even popular entertainment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pointing to some sheet music in the collection for a song called \"Budweiser Is a Friend of Mine,\" she explains that the tune premiered on Broadway at the Ziegfeld Follies in 1907.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118758\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-1020x492.jpg\" alt=\"An advertisement for Budweiser beer, Anheuser-Busch, St. Louis, Mo.\" width=\"640\" height=\"309\" class=\"size-large wp-image-118758\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-1020x492.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-160x77.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-800x386.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-768x370.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-1180x569.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-960x463.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-240x116.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-375x181.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85-520x251.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/budweiser-archives_custom-fb104e69e6181f3da21a499a5af0427ce7630978-s1300-c85.jpg 1300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An advertisement for Budweiser beer, Anheuser-Busch, St. Louis, Mo. \u003ccite>(National Museum of American History, Archives Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They lyrics of the song tell the story of a man who goes out drinking in a bar and sings about how he prefers his Budweiser to his wife, because his beer does not talk back to him,\" McCulla says. \"But the song concludes with his wife pouring him a schooner of Budweiser at home so he does not need to drink elsewhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can't truly tell the American story of beer, though, without talking about immigration. More than a million \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/02/03/513263766/budweiser-s-super-bowl-ad-misses-the-real-timelier-story-about-immigrants-and-be\">German immigrants came\u003c/a> to the U.S. in the second half of the 1800s – and they were beer drinkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They brought new kinds of brewing yeast, they brought different kinds of brewing methods, and suddenly they produced this lager beer – a very light, crisp brew that became very popular with Americans,\" McCulla says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those immigrants transformed the kind of beer Americans drink and established a new industry in the process. The drink evolved from heavy, English-style ales to the cold, quaffable style that's common today. And instead of home brews, by 1900 many cities had entire neighborhoods full of breweries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulla says one of the most interesting aspects of the story of American beer is that it has come full circle: from the early days of home brews, to mass-produced beer, through the crash of Prohibition and back to a resurgence of microbreweries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118753\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 707px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7.jpg\" alt='This beer tray, circa 1905 - from the Beer Drivers Union 132 — shows a driver and a brewer working together. It says in German \"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.\"' width=\"707\" height=\"530\" class=\"size-full wp-image-118753\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7.jpg 707w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/beer-drivers-union-jn2014-3515.jpg1-a3d27e14ab1efb3689bfde6d940b8f11117d0ff7-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 707px) 100vw, 707px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This beer tray, circa 1905 - from the Beer Drivers Union 132 — shows a driver and a brewer working together. It says in German \"Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.\" \u003ccite>(National Museum of American History)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We now have so many breweries in this country, we have exceeded the pre-Prohibition number of breweries,\" McCulla says. \"We have reached over 5,000 breweries at this point, so it's truly the golden age to be a beer drinker.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not far from the Smithsonian, this entire cycle is happening in one place. Outside the \u003ca href=\"https://portnerbrewhouse.com/\">Portner Brewhouse\u003c/a> in Alexandria, Va., a sign says: \"Established 1869, Re-Established 2012.\" The company was founded by Robert Portner, a German immigrant. At its peak, the company was the biggest employer in the city. More than 600 people worked for Portner, churning out more than 6 million bottles of beer every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portner's company was forced to close during Prohibition in 1916. But a century later, sisters Catherine and Margaret Portner, two of his great-great granddaughters, reopened the brewery just a few miles from its original site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the company's early marketing materials are in the Smithsonian's collection. The original advertisements note Robert Portner's company as the original king of beers, says Catherine Portner — long before Budweiser began using that phrase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_118754\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"Sisters Catherine (left) and Margaret Portner have re-established Portner's Brewery, which was opened in Alexandria, Va., in 1869 by their great-great grandfather, then closed during Prohibition.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-large wp-image-118754\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/img_3771-af891e26d29e6b10a602743b360246420e8759ce-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sisters Catherine (left) and Margaret Portner have re-established Portner's Brewery, which was opened in Alexandria, Va., in 1869 by their great-great grandfather, then closed during Prohibition. \u003ccite>(Ari Shapiro/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Historical artifacts line the walls of the Portner Brewhouse, and the kitchen serves up food with a German twist. And at the in-house brewery, the sisters have recreated some of the original Portner's brews, based on the notes that Robert Portner wrote in German. But they've also made some innovations themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, harkening back to the early days of home brewing, the company also has a \"\u003ca href=\"https://portnerbrewhouse.com/craft-beer-test-kitchen/\">Craft Beer Test Kitchen Series\u003c/a>,\" which gives home brewers professional experience and feedback on their original recipes, which are brewed at Portner's and then sold to thirsty customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catherine Portner pours a cloudy yellow beer from the tap. \"This is the Hofbrau Pilsner that we have reconstructed from the Robert Portner brewing company,\" she says. The Pilsner was one of the company's flagship beers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It doesn't look or taste like a glass full of American history, or technology or immigration – even though on some level, it is all of those things. It just tastes like a really good beer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Shoring Up the State: Is California's Response to Rising Seas Enough?",
"title": "Shoring Up the State: Is California's Response to Rising Seas Enough?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]F[/dropcap]or Will Travis, it began 12 years ago, with an eye-opening article in the New Yorker magazine about rising seas and the widespread flooding and dislocation that would bring. As the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/\">San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a>, the region’s coastal management agency, he needed to know more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Travis directed his staff to research the issue. In 2007 they handed him a report that foretold catastrophe. The agency produced maps with colorful, frightening flood projections and shared it with local policymakers. Trillions of dollars in public and private infrastructure were at risk, Travis told them. The time to prepare was now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the region’s elected officials and Silicon Valley’s cluster of high-tech firms were deaf to the urgency of his message. No one was planning for higher seas. Their problems were more immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I heard a lot was, ‘I’m trying to get my kid into a good college, my wife wants me to lose weight, the car transmission is making a funny noise and you want me to worry about sea level rise?’ ” Travis said. “ ‘Yeah, I’ll get to that when I prepare my earthquake supplies.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Y5pvkTpE9EU2uaM9APJ4VWLkilTv77mS\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He crafted a policy response for his region anyway. In 2011, after four years of scientific analysis, intense bickering, and legal fights, the commission issued what Travis described as the nation’s first enforceable requirement that all shoreline development address the problem of rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, with the breadth and scale of the problem known, the entire state is grappling with how to respond. Every agency and most municipalities are busily crafting plans and prioritizing projects, totaling up what will ultimately be hundreds of billions of dollars in costs to build barriers, restore wetlands and -- somehow -- raise or relocate roads, bridges, railroads and power plants away from the onrushing Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global climate change is warming oceans and melting glaciers, raising seas higher and threatening the people and things that crowd California’s 1,200-mile coastline. Beaches are shrinking and bluffs are being pulverized. And the water’s rise, which had been somewhat steady in the past 100 years, is now accelerating alarmingly, 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11541508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11541508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"Will Travis was one of the first Bay Area officials to take the threat of sea-level rise seriously. When he was executive director of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, Travis crafted the first enforceable regulations requiring developers to take rising seas into account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-960x630.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-520x341.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Will Travis was one of the first Bay Area officials to take the threat of sea-level rise seriously. When he was executive director of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, Travis crafted the first enforceable regulations requiring developers to take rising seas into account. \u003ccite>(Penni Gladstone/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In as few as three decades, scientists say, some areas that are now dry will be permanently under water. Other places, miles from the ocean, will flood more regularly and more deeply, as warmer waters spawn more intense storms and the already swollen sea pushes farther onshore, unimpeded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter’s lashing storms that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/02/into-the-big-surreal-36-hours-in-californias-isolated-lonely-island/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">took out parts of Highway 1\u003c/a> are an example of collateral damage: Rising seas are making flood-related events worse because there’s more water available to do damage. Flooding along roads is more frequent and lingers longer. Erosion from more powerful waves works away at bridge footings, undermining spans that are critical to transportation corridors, which themselves are strung along the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the Ocean Protection Council, the state agency that coordinates the government’s coastal programs, was released in April with the most dire projections yet: The Pacific could rise as much as 10 feet in California in the next 80 years, covering up 800 feet of existing beach and taking out anything in its path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preparing for this eventuality has been declared a top priority in California. By calling for extensive scientific studies and projections, the state has thrown its full power behind the problem. But its power is not absolute. Even though the effects of rising water will be felt comprehensively, bridging public and private property and interests, some of the state’s jurisdiction stops at local borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dGko5C5Qxmf0kg2hTKHhouPPx5bYAMAI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State planning began in 2008 with an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=11036\">executive order\u003c/a> from then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. That was followed by Gov. Jerry Brown’s 2010 requirement that state agencies include an adaptation strategy in all planning and permitting documents. Most are still refining those plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beleaguered Department of Transportation has inventoried its holdings, identified which highways will be moved back from the coast and which low-lying roads must be elevated. Highway 1, the meandering, coast-hugging byway famed more for windshield tourism than modern transportation, has been clawed at by erosion and appears often on the state’s flood maps. A section of the roadway at Gleason’s Beach in Sonoma County will be pushed back from the shore some 400 feet. Approvals for the project are expected next year.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar ground-level planning is under way in other agencies. The parks department, for instance, is considering relocating parking lots and restrooms away from the beach up and down the state -- although in some areas there is no room to move facilities, even if the agency could afford to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coastal Commission has assisted California’s 15 coastal counties in preparing \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/lcp/grants/\">vulnerability assessments\u003c/a>, which identify structures to be moved and areas where it’s too dangerous to build. The commission, which approves permits for all development along the coast, has denied the siting of a wastewater treatment plant in Morro Bay and has deemed a power plant in Oxnard to be in harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite such efforts, some say officials need to be much more nimble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11541533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11541533\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"Property owners in Solana Beach have been involved in a protracted legal battle with the city for the right to construct sea walls and shore up fragile beach bluffs that underlay their homes. Such so-called 'armoring' redirects wave action elsewhere, causing unintended harm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-800x523.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-1180x772.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-960x628.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-240x157.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-375x245.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-520x340.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Property owners in Solana Beach have been involved in a protracted legal battle with the city for the right to construct sea walls and shore up fragile beach bluffs that underlay their homes. Such so-called 'armoring' redirects wave action elsewhere, causing unintended harm. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The public cost of armoring the coast with sea walls and breakwaters -- not always the right response but sometimes the best short-term option -- of lifting up highways and defending airports, railways and power plants surely will be staggering. No one knows what it is. The exhaustive scientific analyses commissioned by the state don’t address cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, a Democrat from Fremont who chairs the Senate’s Environmental Quality Committee, would not hazard a guess at the overall cost of shoring up state-owned infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be a scary number,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the state’s studies, the precise details for responding to sea rise are mostly local decisions involving zoning, building codes and engineering projects with crippling costs attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sonoma County, Highway 37, built on a base of mud, flooded on 27 days last winter and has already sunk more than two feet, according to Sonoma County Supervisor David Rabbitt. He said that the state’s transportation agency, Caltrans, told local officials that it could get to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/systemplanning/docs/sr-37-studies/Phase_II_SR_37_Stewardship_FinalReport_Task%204_Benefits_Impacts.pdf\">problem\u003c/a> in 2088.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four affected counties, unable to wait 71 years, are considering a number of options, including putting the critical commuter highway atop a 6-foot levee. The price tag for the 20-mile project is as much as $4 billion, and no one knows who will pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/223503294\" width=\"800\" height=\"460\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster City, on San Francisco Bay, reckons it will take more than $90 million to shore up its eight miles of \u003ca href=\"http://www.fostercity.org/publicworks/lagoonandlevee/Levee-Protection-Planning.cfm\">rock levees\u003c/a> that protect neighborhoods from encroaching water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Goleta, just north of Santa Barbara, compiled this list two years ago: an estimated $7.9 million to $63.2 million to cap or recap oil wells in flood-risk areas, flood damage expected on private and public property estimated at $14 million by the end of the century, $500,000 to add four to six inches of asphalt to local roads to elevate them above the water for the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving across the soaring Dumbarton Bridge into Menlo Park at the south end of San Francisco Bay, Travis -- who is now a consultant -- is a grim tour guide. Where most would find serenity in the shimmering necklace of the California coastline, Travis sees an inventory of potential calamity for the state’s bridges, levees, homes and sewage plants. He points to a neat grid of commercial salt ponds that create a colorful mosaic of water behind long lines of levees. Colorful yes, but the marshes that could swell with seawater are held back only by flimsy earthen berms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11541536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11541536\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-800x499.jpg\" alt=\"The vast network of commercial salt ponds and degraded marshes in the southern end of the San Francisco Bay are the focus of an intensive restoration effort that encompasses tens of thousands of acres. The wetlands will help protect low-lying communities from flooding by slowing storm surges and absorbing rising seas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-800x499.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-1020x636.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-1180x736.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-960x599.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-520x324.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vast network of commercial salt ponds and degraded marshes in the southern end of the San Francisco Bay are the focus of an intensive restoration effort that encompasses tens of thousands of acres. The wetlands will help protect low-lying communities from flooding by slowing storm surges and absorbing rising seas. \u003ccite>(Jitze Couperus/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There is much at stake here, where the soggy, low-lying coast is the most heavily developed in the state. The density of people, and public and private assets, coupled with the region’s vulnerable geography, put the Bay Area at the top of the state’s triage list.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the gateway to Silicon Valley, formerly known as Valley of Heart’s Delight -- a reference to once-sprawling fruit orchards -- now home to Tesla, Apple, eBay, Facebook, Google and Hewlett Packard. State officials are keenly aware that its critical economic driver is in the path of eventual disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adaptation projects in this region show how nature is being harnessed to hold back Pacific waters. The Bay begins with a deficit, having lost more than 80 percent of its marshes in the last 200 years, each new development gouging out some natural protection. Multiple efforts are underway to reclaim those wetlands, restoring vegetation that absorbs floodwater and slows storm surges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters in nine Bay Area counties last year approved a parcel tax to raise a half-billion dollars in the next 20 years, with plans to restore tidal marshes along the bay and creeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More sobering for the public is the question of how to protect the international airports in San Francisco and Oakland. San Francisco airport, which, like Oakland’s, juts like a finger into the bay, has crumbling cement along its eight miles of sea wall. SFO officials are developing a $60 million shoreline protection project. At both airports, efforts will focus on buttressing and expanding existing walls and barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"square\" link=\"file\" size=\"full\" ids=\"11541540,11541541\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea wall that rims the waterfront Embarcadero office park and promenade of shops requires a multi-billion-dollar upgrade. The Port of San Francisco is soliciting improvement proposals and has set aside \u003ca href=\"https://sfseawall.com/\">$40 million for the project\u003c/a>. The venerable rock pile is a critical bulwark: Behind it sits nearly $40 billion in commercial development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if those numbers aren’t staggering enough, Travis’s back-of-the-envelope calculation for protecting just the San Francisco Bay with a simple levee -- not accounting for any relocating, rebuilding or constructing more sophisticated defensive measures: As much as $100 billion. His bleak coda: The cost of doing nothing and paying to clean up the mess is four times that figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is an abridged version of the full story, which is available at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">\u003cem>calmatters.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. CALmatters is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Preparation is a top priority for the state, but the precise details of responding to sea level rise are mostly local decisions involving crippling costs.",
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"title": "Shoring Up the State: Is California's Response to Rising Seas Enough? | KQED",
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"headline": "Shoring Up the State: Is California's Response to Rising Seas Enough?",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">F\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>or Will Travis, it began 12 years ago, with an eye-opening article in the New Yorker magazine about rising seas and the widespread flooding and dislocation that would bring. As the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcdc.ca.gov/\">San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission\u003c/a>, the region’s coastal management agency, he needed to know more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Travis directed his staff to research the issue. In 2007 they handed him a report that foretold catastrophe. The agency produced maps with colorful, frightening flood projections and shared it with local policymakers. Trillions of dollars in public and private infrastructure were at risk, Travis told them. The time to prepare was now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the region’s elected officials and Silicon Valley’s cluster of high-tech firms were deaf to the urgency of his message. No one was planning for higher seas. Their problems were more immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What I heard a lot was, ‘I’m trying to get my kid into a good college, my wife wants me to lose weight, the car transmission is making a funny noise and you want me to worry about sea level rise?’ ” Travis said. “ ‘Yeah, I’ll get to that when I prepare my earthquake supplies.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He crafted a policy response for his region anyway. In 2011, after four years of scientific analysis, intense bickering, and legal fights, the commission issued what Travis described as the nation’s first enforceable requirement that all shoreline development address the problem of rising seas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, with the breadth and scale of the problem known, the entire state is grappling with how to respond. Every agency and most municipalities are busily crafting plans and prioritizing projects, totaling up what will ultimately be hundreds of billions of dollars in costs to build barriers, restore wetlands and -- somehow -- raise or relocate roads, bridges, railroads and power plants away from the onrushing Pacific.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global climate change is warming oceans and melting glaciers, raising seas higher and threatening the people and things that crowd California’s 1,200-mile coastline. Beaches are shrinking and bluffs are being pulverized. And the water’s rise, which had been somewhat steady in the past 100 years, is now accelerating alarmingly, 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11541508\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11541508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-800x525.jpg\" alt=\"Will Travis was one of the first Bay Area officials to take the threat of sea-level rise seriously. When he was executive director of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, Travis crafted the first enforceable regulations requiring developers to take rising seas into account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"525\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-800x525.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-1020x669.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-1180x774.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-960x630.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/WillTravis-520x341.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Will Travis was one of the first Bay Area officials to take the threat of sea-level rise seriously. When he was executive director of the Bay Conservation and Development Commission, Travis crafted the first enforceable regulations requiring developers to take rising seas into account. \u003ccite>(Penni Gladstone/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In as few as three decades, scientists say, some areas that are now dry will be permanently under water. Other places, miles from the ocean, will flood more regularly and more deeply, as warmer waters spawn more intense storms and the already swollen sea pushes farther onshore, unimpeded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter’s lashing storms that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/02/into-the-big-surreal-36-hours-in-californias-isolated-lonely-island/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">took out parts of Highway 1\u003c/a> are an example of collateral damage: Rising seas are making flood-related events worse because there’s more water available to do damage. Flooding along roads is more frequent and lingers longer. Erosion from more powerful waves works away at bridge footings, undermining spans that are critical to transportation corridors, which themselves are strung along the California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">report\u003c/a> by the Ocean Protection Council, the state agency that coordinates the government’s coastal programs, was released in April with the most dire projections yet: The Pacific could rise as much as 10 feet in California in the next 80 years, covering up 800 feet of existing beach and taking out anything in its path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preparing for this eventuality has been declared a top priority in California. By calling for extensive scientific studies and projections, the state has thrown its full power behind the problem. But its power is not absolute. Even though the effects of rising water will be felt comprehensively, bridging public and private property and interests, some of the state’s jurisdiction stops at local borders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State planning began in 2008 with an \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=11036\">executive order\u003c/a> from then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger. That was followed by Gov. Jerry Brown’s 2010 requirement that state agencies include an adaptation strategy in all planning and permitting documents. Most are still refining those plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beleaguered Department of Transportation has inventoried its holdings, identified which highways will be moved back from the coast and which low-lying roads must be elevated. Highway 1, the meandering, coast-hugging byway famed more for windshield tourism than modern transportation, has been clawed at by erosion and appears often on the state’s flood maps. A section of the roadway at Gleason’s Beach in Sonoma County will be pushed back from the shore some 400 feet. Approvals for the project are expected next year.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar ground-level planning is under way in other agencies. The parks department, for instance, is considering relocating parking lots and restrooms away from the beach up and down the state -- although in some areas there is no room to move facilities, even if the agency could afford to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coastal Commission has assisted California’s 15 coastal counties in preparing \u003ca href=\"https://www.coastal.ca.gov/lcp/grants/\">vulnerability assessments\u003c/a>, which identify structures to be moved and areas where it’s too dangerous to build. The commission, which approves permits for all development along the coast, has denied the siting of a wastewater treatment plant in Morro Bay and has deemed a power plant in Oxnard to be in harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite such efforts, some say officials need to be much more nimble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11541533\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11541533\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-800x523.jpg\" alt=\"Property owners in Solana Beach have been involved in a protracted legal battle with the city for the right to construct sea walls and shore up fragile beach bluffs that underlay their homes. Such so-called 'armoring' redirects wave action elsewhere, causing unintended harm.\" width=\"800\" height=\"523\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-800x523.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-1020x667.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-1180x772.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-960x628.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-240x157.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-375x245.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SolanaBeach-520x340.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Property owners in Solana Beach have been involved in a protracted legal battle with the city for the right to construct sea walls and shore up fragile beach bluffs that underlay their homes. Such so-called 'armoring' redirects wave action elsewhere, causing unintended harm. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The public cost of armoring the coast with sea walls and breakwaters -- not always the right response but sometimes the best short-term option -- of lifting up highways and defending airports, railways and power plants surely will be staggering. No one knows what it is. The exhaustive scientific analyses commissioned by the state don’t address cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Bob Wieckowski, a Democrat from Fremont who chairs the Senate’s Environmental Quality Committee, would not hazard a guess at the overall cost of shoring up state-owned infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would be a scary number,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For all the state’s studies, the precise details for responding to sea rise are mostly local decisions involving zoning, building codes and engineering projects with crippling costs attached.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sonoma County, Highway 37, built on a base of mud, flooded on 27 days last winter and has already sunk more than two feet, according to Sonoma County Supervisor David Rabbitt. He said that the state’s transportation agency, Caltrans, told local officials that it could get to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/systemplanning/docs/sr-37-studies/Phase_II_SR_37_Stewardship_FinalReport_Task%204_Benefits_Impacts.pdf\">problem\u003c/a> in 2088.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four affected counties, unable to wait 71 years, are considering a number of options, including putting the critical commuter highway atop a 6-foot levee. The price tag for the 20-mile project is as much as $4 billion, and no one knows who will pay for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/223503294\" width=\"800\" height=\"460\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foster City, on San Francisco Bay, reckons it will take more than $90 million to shore up its eight miles of \u003ca href=\"http://www.fostercity.org/publicworks/lagoonandlevee/Levee-Protection-Planning.cfm\">rock levees\u003c/a> that protect neighborhoods from encroaching water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city of Goleta, just north of Santa Barbara, compiled this list two years ago: an estimated $7.9 million to $63.2 million to cap or recap oil wells in flood-risk areas, flood damage expected on private and public property estimated at $14 million by the end of the century, $500,000 to add four to six inches of asphalt to local roads to elevate them above the water for the next decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving across the soaring Dumbarton Bridge into Menlo Park at the south end of San Francisco Bay, Travis -- who is now a consultant -- is a grim tour guide. Where most would find serenity in the shimmering necklace of the California coastline, Travis sees an inventory of potential calamity for the state’s bridges, levees, homes and sewage plants. He points to a neat grid of commercial salt ponds that create a colorful mosaic of water behind long lines of levees. Colorful yes, but the marshes that could swell with seawater are held back only by flimsy earthen berms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11541536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11541536\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-800x499.jpg\" alt=\"The vast network of commercial salt ponds and degraded marshes in the southern end of the San Francisco Bay are the focus of an intensive restoration effort that encompasses tens of thousands of acres. The wetlands will help protect low-lying communities from flooding by slowing storm surges and absorbing rising seas.\" width=\"800\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-800x499.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-160x100.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-1020x636.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-1180x736.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-960x599.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-240x150.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-375x234.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/SaltPonds-520x324.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The vast network of commercial salt ponds and degraded marshes in the southern end of the San Francisco Bay are the focus of an intensive restoration effort that encompasses tens of thousands of acres. The wetlands will help protect low-lying communities from flooding by slowing storm surges and absorbing rising seas. \u003ccite>(Jitze Couperus/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There is much at stake here, where the soggy, low-lying coast is the most heavily developed in the state. The density of people, and public and private assets, coupled with the region’s vulnerable geography, put the Bay Area at the top of the state’s triage list.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the gateway to Silicon Valley, formerly known as Valley of Heart’s Delight -- a reference to once-sprawling fruit orchards -- now home to Tesla, Apple, eBay, Facebook, Google and Hewlett Packard. State officials are keenly aware that its critical economic driver is in the path of eventual disaster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adaptation projects in this region show how nature is being harnessed to hold back Pacific waters. The Bay begins with a deficit, having lost more than 80 percent of its marshes in the last 200 years, each new development gouging out some natural protection. Multiple efforts are underway to reclaim those wetlands, restoring vegetation that absorbs floodwater and slows storm surges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters in nine Bay Area counties last year approved a parcel tax to raise a half-billion dollars in the next 20 years, with plans to restore tidal marshes along the bay and creeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More sobering for the public is the question of how to protect the international airports in San Francisco and Oakland. San Francisco airport, which, like Oakland’s, juts like a finger into the bay, has crumbling cement along its eight miles of sea wall. SFO officials are developing a $60 million shoreline protection project. At both airports, efforts will focus on buttressing and expanding existing walls and barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea wall that rims the waterfront Embarcadero office park and promenade of shops requires a multi-billion-dollar upgrade. The Port of San Francisco is soliciting improvement proposals and has set aside \u003ca href=\"https://sfseawall.com/\">$40 million for the project\u003c/a>. The venerable rock pile is a critical bulwark: Behind it sits nearly $40 billion in commercial development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As if those numbers aren’t staggering enough, Travis’s back-of-the-envelope calculation for protecting just the San Francisco Bay with a simple levee -- not accounting for any relocating, rebuilding or constructing more sophisticated defensive measures: As much as $100 billion. His bleak coda: The cost of doing nothing and paying to clean up the mess is four times that figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Judge Aaron Persky issued his first public response Friday to demands for his removal from the bench, more than a year after he sentenced Stanford swimmer Brock Turner to six months in jail for sexual assault and generated widespread outrage over what critics said was an overly lenient punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner served three months in jail for sexually assaulting an unconscious, intoxicated woman behind a dumpster near a fraternity party. He was released in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3883410-Judge-Aaron-Persky-Answer-to-Notice-of-Intent-to.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">response to a recall effort\u003c/a> filed with the Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters, Persky wrote, “California law requires every judge to consider rehabilitation and probation for first-time offenders ... and I took an oath to follow it without regard to public opinion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3883408-Notice-of-Intent-to-Circulate-Recall-Petition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">attempt to remove Persky\u003c/a>, filed with the registrar on Monday, alleges Persky \"has a long history of awarding lenient sentences to athletes and upper-class defendants for sex crimes and violence against women,\" noting other light sentences for crimes involving violence against women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge wrote that as a former prosecutor, he was an \"advocate for battered women\" and that \"The Associated Press reported that [his] other rulings showed no racial bias and that he closely follows probation department recommendations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of Persky’s removal signed a statement that said he had shown bias in cases similar to Turner’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Persky kept two different college football players who were convicted of violently attacking women out of jail, letting them keep playing football,” says the notice initiating a recall petition against Persky. And he “gave weekend jail to a high-tech engineer who brutally beat his fiancé.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Turner, Persky is also a former Stanford athlete, the statement points out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recalls should be for judges who have a pattern of bias or misconduct. Judge Persky has neither,” retired Judge LaDoris Cordell wrote on Persky's behalf, according to the judge's filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before voters could decide whether or not to replace Persky, the recall proponents would have to collect tens of thousands of signatures and navigate a series of deadlines and other requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote won't happen until July of next year at the earliest, said Anita Torres with the Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Judge Aaron Persky issued his first public response Friday to demands for his removal from the bench, more than a year after he sentenced Stanford swimmer Brock Turner to six months in jail for sexual assault and generated widespread outrage over what critics said was an overly lenient punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner served three months in jail for sexually assaulting an unconscious, intoxicated woman behind a dumpster near a fraternity party. He was released in September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3883410-Judge-Aaron-Persky-Answer-to-Notice-of-Intent-to.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">response to a recall effort\u003c/a> filed with the Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters, Persky wrote, “California law requires every judge to consider rehabilitation and probation for first-time offenders ... and I took an oath to follow it without regard to public opinion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3883408-Notice-of-Intent-to-Circulate-Recall-Petition.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">attempt to remove Persky\u003c/a>, filed with the registrar on Monday, alleges Persky \"has a long history of awarding lenient sentences to athletes and upper-class defendants for sex crimes and violence against women,\" noting other light sentences for crimes involving violence against women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge wrote that as a former prosecutor, he was an \"advocate for battered women\" and that \"The Associated Press reported that [his] other rulings showed no racial bias and that he closely follows probation department recommendations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of Persky’s removal signed a statement that said he had shown bias in cases similar to Turner’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Persky kept two different college football players who were convicted of violently attacking women out of jail, letting them keep playing football,” says the notice initiating a recall petition against Persky. And he “gave weekend jail to a high-tech engineer who brutally beat his fiancé.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Turner, Persky is also a former Stanford athlete, the statement points out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Recalls should be for judges who have a pattern of bias or misconduct. Judge Persky has neither,” retired Judge LaDoris Cordell wrote on Persky's behalf, according to the judge's filing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before voters could decide whether or not to replace Persky, the recall proponents would have to collect tens of thousands of signatures and navigate a series of deadlines and other requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vote won't happen until July of next year at the earliest, said Anita Torres with the Santa Clara County Registrar of Voters.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Few events thrill sports fans more than a local college football or basketball team challenge against top-ranked teams in other states -- like the Crimson Tide of Alabama or the Texas Longhorns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new California law that prevents state-funded travel to states deemed to have anti-LGBT laws could derail team trips to hotbeds of sports like Alabama, Texas, North Carolina and Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab1887\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 1887\u003c/a> which took effect Jan. 1, the California attorney general -- currently Xavier Becerra -- is empowered to add states that enact laws and policies deemed to be biased against the LGBT community and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week Becerra announced he was adding four new states -- Texas, Alabama, Kentucky and South Dakota -- to the list of places to which travel cannot be paid for with state funds. Texas, for example, just enacted a law last week allowing foster care agencies to block adoptions and related services to children and parents on the basis of “sincerely held religious beliefs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra says measures like that disadvantage LGBT families by limiting their opportunities to adopt or foster children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We said we were not going to aide in the discrimination of the LGBT community and we meant it,\" Becerra told KQED Friday. \"A school and any state-sponsored or -funded entity in the state cannot violate state law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"UCLA is part of our state,\" the attorney general added. \"UC Berkeley, all the UC system [and] the Cal State system. So certainly they are part of the state and they receive state funding and they are state sponsored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming weeks, UC Berkeley, Fresno State and UCLA are all scheduled to play football games in states where publicly-funded travel is prohibited by AB 1887.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law allows exemptions for contracts that existed before it took effect this year, including sports teams with games that were already scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno State, for example, doesn't expect to be affected by the new law, at least not this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The contract with Alabama was signed in 2015,\" Fresno State Deputy Athletics Director Steve Robertello said. \"Therefore that will allow us to make the trip to Tuscaloosa.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Few events thrill sports fans more than a local college football or basketball team challenge against top-ranked teams in other states -- like the Crimson Tide of Alabama or the Texas Longhorns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new California law that prevents state-funded travel to states deemed to have anti-LGBT laws could derail team trips to hotbeds of sports like Alabama, Texas, North Carolina and Tennessee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/ab1887\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 1887\u003c/a> which took effect Jan. 1, the California attorney general -- currently Xavier Becerra -- is empowered to add states that enact laws and policies deemed to be biased against the LGBT community and their families.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week Becerra announced he was adding four new states -- Texas, Alabama, Kentucky and South Dakota -- to the list of places to which travel cannot be paid for with state funds. Texas, for example, just enacted a law last week allowing foster care agencies to block adoptions and related services to children and parents on the basis of “sincerely held religious beliefs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra says measures like that disadvantage LGBT families by limiting their opportunities to adopt or foster children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We said we were not going to aide in the discrimination of the LGBT community and we meant it,\" Becerra told KQED Friday. \"A school and any state-sponsored or -funded entity in the state cannot violate state law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"UCLA is part of our state,\" the attorney general added. \"UC Berkeley, all the UC system [and] the Cal State system. So certainly they are part of the state and they receive state funding and they are state sponsored.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the coming weeks, UC Berkeley, Fresno State and UCLA are all scheduled to play football games in states where publicly-funded travel is prohibited by AB 1887.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the law allows exemptions for contracts that existed before it took effect this year, including sports teams with games that were already scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno State, for example, doesn't expect to be affected by the new law, at least not this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The contract with Alabama was signed in 2015,\" Fresno State Deputy Athletics Director Steve Robertello said. \"Therefore that will allow us to make the trip to Tuscaloosa.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Science for the People: Grab Your Phone and Help Snap Pictures of Coastal Biodiversity",
"headTitle": "Science for the People: Grab Your Phone and Help Snap Pictures of Coastal Biodiversity | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Your moments peering into tide pools, gazing at spiny starfish, or eyeing bashful anemones can be more than just moments. They’re observations, and scientists can learn from them about what’s happening on California’s coastline. Thousands of observations, added together—that’s valuable data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way.’\u003ccite>Dr. Rebecca Johnson,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This weekend, Californians who love marine ecosystems can head to the bay or the beach, take pictures of all the animals they can see, upload them to the cell phone app iNaturalist, and take part in a statewide campaign to catalog the biodiversity of the state’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mpacollaborative.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marine Protected Area Collaborative Network\u003c/a> are hosting \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/citizen-science/snapshot-cal-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snapshot Cal Coast\u003c/a>, an annual coastal “bio-blitz” that started June 23 and wraps up on Sunday, July 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter what kind of science it is—it starts with an observation,” says Dr. Rebecca Johnson, citizen science research coordinator at the Cal Academy. “We’re providing a way for people to share those observations and then we can look for patterns and ask more questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snapping a photo of a sea anemone, to upload to the iNaturalist app for Snapshot Cal Coast. \u003ccite>(Calla Allison/Marine Protected Areas Collaborative Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy and other organizations are holding cataloging parties up and down the California coastline this weekend, to encourage people to get together and collect observations. In the Bay Area, families or individuals can head down to Ocean Beach on Sunday morning to join a team for free community \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">event\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Snapshot of Biodiversity \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get observations all along the coast at the same time of year, every year,” Johnson says, “we can get a snapshot of biodiversity, and the ranges of individual species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the project’s second year, and there are plans to make it an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we do this every year, we can see how species’ ranges are changing,” says Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coastal animal’s range can change for a variety of reasons such as invasive species, diseases such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sea star wasting syndrome\u003c/a>, and warming waters due to climate change. Biodiversity data is also essential in order to answer questions about the efficacy of marine protected areas and other conservation measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tidepoolers at Pillar Point look for marine life to photograph, during this year’s bio-blitz. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>iNaturalist is an phone app and website that aggregates geo-located photos of species. And you don’t have to be an expert to use it. Users can either enter identify their observations themselves or tag something as ‘unknown.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to know what you’re looking at,” says Johnson, “you just have to take good enough pictures that someone else can identify it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapshot Cal Coast is also a way for amateur naturalists, who know a lot about one place, to contribute to a larger-scale observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”pY10qOhKQ34943XDliZmrOLeBjHYgS6z”]Over the last week, 400 participants have uploaded 8,000 observations of coastal organisms, representing close to 900 species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart phones with great cameras, and apps like iNaturalist, make a model of citizen science possible that was never possible before. And Johnson says using a phone outdoors doesn’t have to distract from relaxing and observing natural spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and looking at a screen gets a bad rap for disconnecting people from each other,” she says. “Through the work that we do, we have really been able to use that technology to build community and connect people to nature and each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Demystifying Science \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the greatest beneficiaries of Snapshot Cal Coast are the citizen scientists themselves. By participating in an annual observation, people can start to see their local ecosystems with new eyes, and get hands-on experience with the scientific process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking for marine life at Doran Beach in Sonoma County, earlier this week. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When participants observe changes in species biodiversity from year-to-year, these changes may prompt them to ask questions about why they’re seeing what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way,” Johnson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people see it with their own eyes, they can feel empowered by their own experience and senses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of environmental threats to the rich biodiversity of the California coast—problems such as climate change and marine pollution—and the scale of the problems can be overwhelming to people. Working together on a project like this can, “help people have some power in a situation that seems powerless,” says Johnson, “and experience the joy of discovering something together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interested? If you’re in the Bay Area, check out a Snapshot Cal Coast event this Sunday, July 2, 9am at Ocean Beach. Click \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You don't have to be an expert at the annual Snapshot Cal Coast, with family fun at events up and down the coastline. ",
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"title": "Science for the People: Grab Your Phone and Help Snap Pictures of Coastal Biodiversity | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Your moments peering into tide pools, gazing at spiny starfish, or eyeing bashful anemones can be more than just moments. They’re observations, and scientists can learn from them about what’s happening on California’s coastline. Thousands of observations, added together—that’s valuable data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way.’\u003ccite>Dr. Rebecca Johnson,\u003cbr>\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This weekend, Californians who love marine ecosystems can head to the bay or the beach, take pictures of all the animals they can see, upload them to the cell phone app iNaturalist, and take part in a statewide campaign to catalog the biodiversity of the state’s coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.calacademy.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Academy of Sciences\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mpacollaborative.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Marine Protected Area Collaborative Network\u003c/a> are hosting \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/citizen-science/snapshot-cal-coast\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Snapshot Cal Coast\u003c/a>, an annual coastal “bio-blitz” that started June 23 and wraps up on Sunday, July 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No matter what kind of science it is—it starts with an observation,” says Dr. Rebecca Johnson, citizen science research coordinator at the Cal Academy. “We’re providing a way for people to share those observations and then we can look for patterns and ask more questions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787229\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787229\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Calla_Allison_PhotoTakingforSnapshotCalCoast-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snapping a photo of a sea anemone, to upload to the iNaturalist app for Snapshot Cal Coast. \u003ccite>(Calla Allison/Marine Protected Areas Collaborative Network)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal Academy and other organizations are holding cataloging parties up and down the California coastline this weekend, to encourage people to get together and collect observations. In the Bay Area, families or individuals can head down to Ocean Beach on Sunday morning to join a team for free community \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">event\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Snapshot of Biodiversity \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we can get observations all along the coast at the same time of year, every year,” Johnson says, “we can get a snapshot of biodiversity, and the ranges of individual species.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the project’s second year, and there are plans to make it an annual event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we do this every year, we can see how species’ ranges are changing,” says Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coastal animal’s range can change for a variety of reasons such as invasive species, diseases such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sea star wasting syndrome\u003c/a>, and warming waters due to climate change. Biodiversity data is also essential in order to answer questions about the efficacy of marine protected areas and other conservation measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787232\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/RJohnson_PillarPoint_Tidepoolers_2017.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tidepoolers at Pillar Point look for marine life to photograph, during this year’s bio-blitz. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>iNaturalist is an phone app and website that aggregates geo-located photos of species. And you don’t have to be an expert to use it. Users can either enter identify their observations themselves or tag something as ‘unknown.’\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have to know what you’re looking at,” says Johnson, “you just have to take good enough pictures that someone else can identify it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snapshot Cal Coast is also a way for amateur naturalists, who know a lot about one place, to contribute to a larger-scale observation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Over the last week, 400 participants have uploaded 8,000 observations of coastal organisms, representing close to 900 species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart phones with great cameras, and apps like iNaturalist, make a model of citizen science possible that was never possible before. And Johnson says using a phone outdoors doesn’t have to distract from relaxing and observing natural spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Technology and looking at a screen gets a bad rap for disconnecting people from each other,” she says. “Through the work that we do, we have really been able to use that technology to build community and connect people to nature and each other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Demystifying Science \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the greatest beneficiaries of Snapshot Cal Coast are the citizen scientists themselves. By participating in an annual observation, people can start to see their local ecosystems with new eyes, and get hands-on experience with the scientific process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1787231\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1787231\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/Rjohnson_BeachDiscoveries_DoranBeach_Sonoma_County_2017_2.jpg 2016w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Looking for marine life at Doran Beach in Sonoma County, earlier this week. \u003ccite>(Rebecca Johnson/California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When participants observe changes in species biodiversity from year-to-year, these changes may prompt them to ask questions about why they’re seeing what they’re seeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a way for people to witness global change in a real way,” Johnson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When people see it with their own eyes, they can feel empowered by their own experience and senses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of environmental threats to the rich biodiversity of the California coast—problems such as climate change and marine pollution—and the scale of the problems can be overwhelming to people. Working together on a project like this can, “help people have some power in a situation that seems powerless,” says Johnson, “and experience the joy of discovering something together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interested? If you’re in the Bay Area, check out a Snapshot Cal Coast event this Sunday, July 2, 9am at Ocean Beach. Click \u003ca href=\"http://www.inaturalist.org/projects/snapshot-cal-coast-2017-ocean-beach-bioblitz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> for more information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two dozen people who work in agricultural fields in the Salinas and Watsonville areas were hospitalized after chemical drifts apparently made them ill in the last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state agencies that regulate pesticide and workplace safety are not investigating the incidents, and in one case authorities are not releasing the name of the companies that employed the sickened workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most recent incident involved several different chemicals that may have drifted into an area where six raspberry pickers were working near State Route 152 in Watsonville Thursday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The farmworkers got sick in a field off East Lake and Wagner avenues shortly after 8 a.m. Some of them were vomiting, according to Watsonville Fire Department Division Chief Rudy Lopez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters partially decontaminated the workers on scene and then rushed them to Watsonville Community Hospital, where they were cleaned further, Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the workers were released from the hospital Thursday afternoon, Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Hidalgo, the Santa Cruz County agricultural commissioner, has launched an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is top priority,\" Hidalgo said. \"We want to know what happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said investigators believe the workers may have come in contact with four chemicals: Pristine Fungicide, Rally 40WSP, DiPel-DF and Widespread Max. Leaf samples from the field have been collected for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hidalgo refused to disclose the names of the companies that employed the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to make sure that the growers we need to talk to, that they can feel free to talk to us about what happened,\" he said. \"I don't want to jeopardize my investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fields where the incident took place are used by several growers and it's unclear which ones were responsible for the chemical releases and which ones had hired the workers, Hidalgo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case comes a week after 18 celery workers were rushed to the Salinas Valley Memorial Healthcare System emergency room, complaining of dizziness, nausea and stomach pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 22, a crew of workers employed by the produce company Tanimura & Antle got sick about an hour into their shift with one of them vomiting, according to Bob Roach, an assistant agricultural commissioner in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Emergency Department immediately called a code triage, activated a command center and deployed a mobile decontamination trailer,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.svmh.com/SVMHS-News/2017/June/Salinas-Valley-Memorial-Healthcare-System-Respon.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a> from the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical that sickened the workers may have been the insecticide Methomyl, according to the hospital, who attributed that to a supervisor for the company that hired the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two nearby fields were sprayed with a set of chemicals the night before the employees got sick, Roach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County inspectors have interviewed the workers, all but one of whom returned to work the next day, according to Roach, who said the county is investigating the incident to determine whether Tanimura & Antle violated any safety laws. Samples from the workers' clothing have been collected for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) and Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) are aware of the two cases but are not leading investigations into them, representatives for both agencies said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal/OSHA spokesman said in an email that California pesticide regulators had state oversight over the two cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CDPR spokesman said the Santa Cruz and Monterey agricultural commissions were the primary investigating agencies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of the workers were released from the hospital Thursday afternoon, Lopez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Juan Hidalgo, the Santa Cruz County agricultural commissioner, has launched an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is top priority,\" Hidalgo said. \"We want to know what happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said investigators believe the workers may have come in contact with four chemicals: Pristine Fungicide, Rally 40WSP, DiPel-DF and Widespread Max. Leaf samples from the field have been collected for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hidalgo refused to disclose the names of the companies that employed the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to make sure that the growers we need to talk to, that they can feel free to talk to us about what happened,\" he said. \"I don't want to jeopardize my investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fields where the incident took place are used by several growers and it's unclear which ones were responsible for the chemical releases and which ones had hired the workers, Hidalgo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case comes a week after 18 celery workers were rushed to the Salinas Valley Memorial Healthcare System emergency room, complaining of dizziness, nausea and stomach pain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 22, a crew of workers employed by the produce company Tanimura & Antle got sick about an hour into their shift with one of them vomiting, according to Bob Roach, an assistant agricultural commissioner in Monterey County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Emergency Department immediately called a code triage, activated a command center and deployed a mobile decontamination trailer,\" according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.svmh.com/SVMHS-News/2017/June/Salinas-Valley-Memorial-Healthcare-System-Respon.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statement\u003c/a> from the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chemical that sickened the workers may have been the insecticide Methomyl, according to the hospital, who attributed that to a supervisor for the company that hired the workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two nearby fields were sprayed with a set of chemicals the night before the employees got sick, Roach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monterey County inspectors have interviewed the workers, all but one of whom returned to work the next day, according to Roach, who said the county is investigating the incident to determine whether Tanimura & Antle violated any safety laws. Samples from the workers' clothing have been collected for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) and Department of Pesticide Regulation (CDPR) are aware of the two cases but are not leading investigations into them, representatives for both agencies said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Cal/OSHA spokesman said in an email that California pesticide regulators had state oversight over the two cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CDPR spokesman said the Santa Cruz and Monterey agricultural commissions were the primary investigating agencies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"order": 1
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
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