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"content": "\u003cp>Drivers of electric cars are quick to tell you how much they love never having to stop at a gas station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they still have to stop and plug in. What if you could completely cut loose electric cars to roam this great land, recharging their batteries on the fly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been a dream of automotive engineers for years, and scientists at \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford University\u003c/a> say it just took a leap forward in one of their labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrical engineer \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/fan/\">Shanhui Fan\u003c/a> and graduate student Sid Assawaworrarit say they’ve \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/press/view/14763\">broken through\u003c/a> a major technical barrier on the road to what engineers call “dynamic charging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dynamic Charging Gets a Boost\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally speaking,” says Fan, with his gift for understatement, “I think what we have done here is really to show that you could charge a moving object efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1843093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1843093\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584.jpg\" alt=\"Electrical engineers Sid Assawaworrarit (left) and Shanhui Fan examine their demonstration apparatus for dynamic charging in their lab at Stanford.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electrical engineers Sid Assawaworrarit (left) and Shanhui Fan (right) examine their demonstration apparatus for dynamic charging in their lab at Stanford. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wireless charging of stationary objects is already becoming ho-hum, finding uses from cell phones to shuttle buses. Ford recently rolled out a \u003ca href=\"http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/cars/750221/Ford-wireless-charging-electric-cars-CES-2017\">wireless system\u003c/a> that EV owners can install in their own garages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging moving objects is a lot trickier. Previous work in the United Kingdom and South Korea has used magnetic induction systems, in which a charged coil creates a magnetic field that jiggles electrons in a nearby companion coil, causing it to create its own electric current. It’s what happens when you set your electric toothbrush onto the charging base. But the technology only works over very short distances and breaks down quickly as the two coils move apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nkOgiTxfEs&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By adding some off-the-shelf components, Fan and Assawaworrarit have found a way to amplify the voltage and current and keep the two coils humming, even as one of them moves through the field. Their magnetic resonance approach has been called “ingenious,” and while they’ve so far demonstrated it only at very low power—enough to keep two LEDs lit for a few feet—Fan suggests that a scaled-up version could be the answer to charge-as-you-go electric driving. Their work was published in June, in the journal Nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Always a Catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the catch: it’s not just the cars that would need the necessary hardware. Arrays of charging pads would have to be embedded in roadways to create charging lanes. As dynamic charging cars passed over the pads, they would pick up the magnetic field and charge on the fly. The pads would have to be close enough together to create a continuous field for cars to pass through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1843403\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03-375x667.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03-520x925.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/a>“The technology is not going to be as efficient as just plugging in your car,” says \u003ca href=\"https://itspubs.ucdavis.edu/index.php/about/single/?person=tal-gil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gil Tal\u003c/a>, who directs research at the \u003ca href=\"https://its.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institute of Transportation Studies\u003c/a> at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, cars are parked a lot more than they’re moving—on average 23 hours a day. And much of that time is overnight, the ideal time to plug in while there’s slack demand for electricity and thus, less pressure on the electric grid. Roadway pads would presumably be charged 24-7 off the grid or by nearby solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You will have losses,” says Tal. Even with the best of technology, you’ll lose quite a bit of energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EV age got a significant boost lately by a string of announcements from major players. With great fanfare, Tesla delivered its first car designed for the mass market, the Model 3. Volvo stunned many observers with its plan to build only EVs or hybrids within a couple of model years, and France says it plans to ban internal combustion engines all together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with this momentum, automakers are racing to relieve the “range anxiety” (concern over how far EVs can go on a single charge) that has suppressed EV sales with advances in battery technology and rapid re-charging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I have a car that has 300 miles of range and I only have to pull over every 4-5 hours for 15 minutes, do I really need dynamic wireless charging?” asks Mark Duvall, who heads technology utilization at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epri.com/#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Electric Power Research Institute\u003c/a> in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duvall says range anxiety is well on its way to being quelled without dynamic charging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A little bit of infrastructure can facilitate essentially continuous travel by electric vehicles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Bucks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dynamic charging would be hugely expensive to implement. Two years ago, the British government earmarked $800 million just for \u003ca href=\"http://www.altenergymag.com/article/2016/02/the-dynamic-road-ahead-england-to-conduct-trials-of-dynamic-wireless-charging-for-electric-cars/22820/\">early testing of dynamic charging\u003c/a>, before even taking it on the road. Laying down a single lane of freeway in California can run about $1 million per mile, with no frills like charging grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Highways are expensive enough as they are,” says Duvall, “which is why many of them are not in the condition that we would like them to be in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But neither Duvall nor Tal are dismissing the potential of dynamic wireless charging in general. Both agree with Fan that the potential uses abound, including many that no one has yet thought of. Wearable and embedded medical devices could be recharged as patients go about their daily activities—or it could just turn that line at Starbucks into productive time for your phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can see many reasons why you would want to improve technology around wireless power transfer, even if you never used it for vehicles,” says Duvall.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drivers of electric cars are quick to tell you how much they love never having to stop at a gas station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But they still have to stop and plug in. What if you could completely cut loose electric cars to roam this great land, recharging their batteries on the fly?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s been a dream of automotive engineers for years, and scientists at \u003ca href=\"https://www.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Stanford University\u003c/a> say it just took a leap forward in one of their labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electrical engineer \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/fan/\">Shanhui Fan\u003c/a> and graduate student Sid Assawaworrarit say they’ve \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/press/view/14763\">broken through\u003c/a> a major technical barrier on the road to what engineers call “dynamic charging.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dynamic Charging Gets a Boost\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Generally speaking,” says Fan, with his gift for understatement, “I think what we have done here is really to show that you could charge a moving object efficiently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1843093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1843093\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584.jpg\" alt=\"Electrical engineers Sid Assawaworrarit (left) and Shanhui Fan examine their demonstration apparatus for dynamic charging in their lab at Stanford.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/IMG_7584-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Electrical engineers Sid Assawaworrarit (left) and Shanhui Fan (right) examine their demonstration apparatus for dynamic charging in their lab at Stanford. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wireless charging of stationary objects is already becoming ho-hum, finding uses from cell phones to shuttle buses. Ford recently rolled out a \u003ca href=\"http://www.express.co.uk/life-style/cars/750221/Ford-wireless-charging-electric-cars-CES-2017\">wireless system\u003c/a> that EV owners can install in their own garages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charging moving objects is a lot trickier. Previous work in the United Kingdom and South Korea has used magnetic induction systems, in which a charged coil creates a magnetic field that jiggles electrons in a nearby companion coil, causing it to create its own electric current. It’s what happens when you set your electric toothbrush onto the charging base. But the technology only works over very short distances and breaks down quickly as the two coils move apart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7nkOgiTxfEs'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7nkOgiTxfEs'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By adding some off-the-shelf components, Fan and Assawaworrarit have found a way to amplify the voltage and current and keep the two coils humming, even as one of them moves through the field. Their magnetic resonance approach has been called “ingenious,” and while they’ve so far demonstrated it only at very low power—enough to keep two LEDs lit for a few feet—Fan suggests that a scaled-up version could be the answer to charge-as-you-go electric driving. Their work was published in June, in the journal Nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Always a Catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the catch: it’s not just the cars that would need the necessary hardware. Arrays of charging pads would have to be embedded in roadways to create charging lanes. As dynamic charging cars passed over the pads, they would pick up the magnetic field and charge on the fly. The pads would have to be close enough together to create a continuous field for cars to pass through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1843403\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"340\" height=\"605\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03-375x667.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/07/Charging_V03-520x925.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 340px) 100vw, 340px\">\u003c/a>“The technology is not going to be as efficient as just plugging in your car,” says \u003ca href=\"https://itspubs.ucdavis.edu/index.php/about/single/?person=tal-gil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Gil Tal\u003c/a>, who directs research at the \u003ca href=\"https://its.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Institute of Transportation Studies\u003c/a> at UC Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, cars are parked a lot more than they’re moving—on average 23 hours a day. And much of that time is overnight, the ideal time to plug in while there’s slack demand for electricity and thus, less pressure on the electric grid. Roadway pads would presumably be charged 24-7 off the grid or by nearby solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You will have losses,” says Tal. Even with the best of technology, you’ll lose quite a bit of energy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EV age got a significant boost lately by a string of announcements from major players. With great fanfare, Tesla delivered its first car designed for the mass market, the Model 3. Volvo stunned many observers with its plan to build only EVs or hybrids within a couple of model years, and France says it plans to ban internal combustion engines all together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with this momentum, automakers are racing to relieve the “range anxiety” (concern over how far EVs can go on a single charge) that has suppressed EV sales with advances in battery technology and rapid re-charging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I have a car that has 300 miles of range and I only have to pull over every 4-5 hours for 15 minutes, do I really need dynamic wireless charging?” asks Mark Duvall, who heads technology utilization at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epri.com/#/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Electric Power Research Institute\u003c/a> in Palo Alto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Duvall says range anxiety is well on its way to being quelled without dynamic charging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A little bit of infrastructure can facilitate essentially continuous travel by electric vehicles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Big Bucks\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dynamic charging would be hugely expensive to implement. Two years ago, the British government earmarked $800 million just for \u003ca href=\"http://www.altenergymag.com/article/2016/02/the-dynamic-road-ahead-england-to-conduct-trials-of-dynamic-wireless-charging-for-electric-cars/22820/\">early testing of dynamic charging\u003c/a>, before even taking it on the road. Laying down a single lane of freeway in California can run about $1 million per mile, with no frills like charging grids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Highways are expensive enough as they are,” says Duvall, “which is why many of them are not in the condition that we would like them to be in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But neither Duvall nor Tal are dismissing the potential of dynamic wireless charging in general. Both agree with Fan that the potential uses abound, including many that no one has yet thought of. Wearable and embedded medical devices could be recharged as patients go about their daily activities—or it could just turn that line at Starbucks into productive time for your phone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can see many reasons why you would want to improve technology around wireless power transfer, even if you never used it for vehicles,” says Duvall.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Do you unplug on summer vacation? As an homage to Norman Rockwell's \u003ca href=\"http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/2015/07/13/art-entertainment/norman-rockwell-art-entertainment/road-trip.html\">classic summer vacation painting\u003c/a>, I just had to reimagine how it would look today. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, I'm off on vacation (hopefully mostly unplugged).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Through Google Glass, Remote Helper Sees What Blind Person Can't",
"title": "Through Google Glass, Remote Helper Sees What Blind Person Can't",
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"content": "\u003cp>The first thing I do is put on Google Glass, its tiny camera situated over my right eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A MiFi — a personal wireless hotspot — goes into my pocket. I pop in earbuds connected to a smartphone. Then I close my eyes. I am trying to simulate, for this demonstration, what it's like to navigate without being able to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Finding a cafe, describing a museum exhibit, or helping someone fold origami -- a new service guides blind people by connecting them with live agents who view their surroundings through smartglasses like Google Glass.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All geared up, I am now ready for my test run. \u003ca href=\"https://aira.io/#service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aira\u003c/a>, based in San Diego, is a paid service that offers \"visual interpretation\" for the blind and visually impaired. With a smartphone app, Aira users connect with a remote agent who sees through any one of four types of smartglasses and describes the client's environment to her. Employees say the service, which became available in March, is like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/onstar/480471/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #24890d\">OnStar\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"m-6819587429447741435apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>for the blind — or maybe like having your own personal “\u003ca href=\"http://24.wikia.com/wiki/Chloe_O%27Brian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #24890d\">Chloe\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,” the intelligence analyst on the TV show \"24\" who often remotely assists hero Jack Bauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I summon \u003cem>my\u003c/em> Chloe using the Aira interface, which consists of a giant blue button. All I have to do is tap anywhere on the phone's display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thank you for calling Aira,” a friendly voice says. “How can I help you?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Andy Del Valle, my agent, and, for as long as I need him, my long-distance eyes. Del Valle — sitting in front of his laptop — can now see through my Google Glass feed. As I scan my surroundings, he sees Amy Bernal, the company’s vice president of customer experience, who has helped get me outfitted; then I lower my head so he can see the path before my feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to my GPS connection, Del Valle is also able to locate me using Google Maps. We’re on the campus of San Francisco State University, for me unfamiliar turf. I ask him to direct me to the nearest cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seconds, he's produced a route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, we’re approximating the Aira experience; I’m a sighted person with no orientation and mobility training, and I'm not using a dog or cane, as regular users do. I am, to put it gently, perhaps not the most graceful mover Del Valle has ever assisted. But he is cheerful as he offers me directions, like to turn left toward 11 o’clock. As I walk, he offers environmental cues, telling me to turn when I feel the slope of the sidewalk level out, or when I can feel the sun as I emerge from a nearby building’s shadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I quickly grow to trust his voice in my ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short walk, I hear music and a cash register — we’ve arrived at our destination. I want to order an iced coffee; Del Valle asks me to turn so he can scan a posted menu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_424306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 292px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto1-e1499819013990.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-424306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto1-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orientation and mobility specialist using Aira at the International Mobility Conference in 2016. (Courtesy Aira)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Taking picture,” an automated voice intones as Del Valle grabs a shot from the camera feed and zooms in. He also pulls up a more detailed menu online and gives me a rundown of options — espresso? Blended java drink? — and a headcount of how many people are in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Valle is among the 33 agents working that day, covering customers across the United States. The service runs from 4 a.m. to 10 p.m., Pacific time or 7 a.m.to 1 a.m. Eastern, and clients subscribe to a monthly plan or a package of minutes. (The monthly plans go from $89 to $329, depending on \u003ca href=\"https://aira.io/plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">level of service\u003c/a>.\u003cstrong>) \u003c/strong>Each user gets a personal profile that lists details like allergies, so an agent can warn someone allergic to shellfish, for example, that there’s shrimp salad on the potluck table. The company says it has \"hundreds\" of clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernal, the customer experience VP, is also an agent, and she's set up shop for the afternoon in the campus’ special education department. The calls she fields run from the mundane (a man looking for a trash can while cleaning up after his guide dog) to the complicated (a lost woman with bad directions from a passerby can't find her bus stop.) “You'll never know until you pick up the call,” Bernal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are hundreds of thousands of very clever and efficient solutions that don’t involve sight.'\u003ccite>Bryan Bashin, LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sometimes they get a strange one — Bernal recalls an agent being asked to help a user do origami, having to hastily grab some paper and fold along. But most are the stuff of ordinary life: setting up the cable box, checking the expiration date on the milk, matching a shirt and tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiffany Manosh, president of the River City Chapter of the National Federation of the Blind, in Sacramento, has been using Aira for about a year. She likes it for tasks that involve browsing, like shopping. Sure, she could ask a clerk for help, but “they go directly to whatever item we’ve asked for,” she says. “Well, what if I want to see maybe what’s on sale?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a natural history museum, she once had an agent describe the exhibits. A docent could have done that — if she’d booked one a month in advance. “Sighted people don’t have to do that, so why should we?” she asks. “Aira gives us the freedom to be able to really integrate and do things at our own time — when we want to, and where we want to go.” An agent even helped her find her father’s gravesite at Arlington National Cemetery. “It was a very emotional and just phenomenal feeling to be able to do it on my own time,” says Manosh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aira, based in San Diego, test-launched three years ago with 200 beta users. Among them was Victorville resident Michael Hingson, who has been blind since birth and recently became the company’s director of strategic sales. “Aira is not helping a blind person see,” Hingson says. “Aira is giving me information that the sighted world has not learned to provide to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, on emails or websites, those who are visually impaired might use a screen reader that speaks the text aloud. For printed materials, they might try a phone app like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.knfbreader.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KNFB Reader\u003c/a>, which translates text using optical character recognition. But those don’t cover everything. Hingson recalls trying to assemble a laundry cart and discovering the instructions were in pictures, which his reader couldn’t decipher. So he called Aira. The agent zoomed in on the cart’s bar code and found assembly instructions on the internet. In a half-hour, Hingson said, “I had a working laundry cart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aira agents are trained to give factual information without offering advice, deferring to the user’s orientation and mobility training. “What I don’t want is an agent telling me it’s safe to cross the street — because the agent doesn't \u003cem>know\u003c/em> it’s safe to cross the street,” says Hingson. “That should be my choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning to give the right information is a balancing act, says Bernal. “When agents first start, they feel like they have to say every little thing that is in any remote path of a user,” she says. But a person’s dog or cane will help them avoid obstacles. Instead, it might be more useful to offer social information, like where the empty seat in the room is, or whether the driver greeting you at the airport is smiling and waving you over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jxkq-Ta0tv4&ab_channel=KansasCityStarVideo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Free Services\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Bashin, CEO of the training and advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a>, in San Francisco, has tried Aira, and points out that while it’s the first such for-profit service, it’s not the first visual interpretation app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the iPhone debuted, he says, “a lot of people had the same idea at the same time.” He sometimes uses \u003ca href=\"http://bemyeyes.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Be My Eyes\u003c/a>, a free worldwide service powered by volunteers who assist by cellphone video chat. The free app \u003ca href=\"http://taptapseeapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TapTapSee\u003c/a> identifies the content of still photos and speaks it aloud. And people can also improvise by simply Facetiming with friends or relatives. Bashin says these solutions are more accessible to low-income people than Aira’s paid service, although they lack some of the features — smartglasses, GPS mapping, agents trained to work with the blind. But what they all have in common, Bashin says, “is the world is still not 100 percent accessible for blind people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bashin says that dialing a sighted person can be especially helpful when optical character readers fail, noting they are often thwarted by glare (think thermostat screens) or fancy script (think wine bottle labels or handwritten mail). But Bashin cautions against over-reliance on visual interpreters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When somebody first becomes blind, they think that the answers to the obstacles of blindness are to have someone see for you,” he says. Yet a person can skillfully use other senses, like touch and hearing, and low-tech solutions, like Braille. “There are hundreds of thousands of very clever and efficient solutions that don’t involve sight,” Bashin continues. “That’s what we teach at the LightHouse, and that’s what will get us through the day with a little bit of grace, so that we can reserve these technologies for when they really count. I'm a little bit afraid that new students will avoid learning what they need to learn to be competent blind people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some Aira users prefer a paid agent — often for fear of imposing on others’ time — Bashin doesn't mind asking a stranger to steer him toward the check-in desk or describe what’s on the buffet, because that’s a social activity. “Yes, I’ll learn where the strawberries are, but I’ll also learn about \u003cem>them\u003c/em>. Now I’ve made a bridge to another person instead of isolating myself talking into a headset and some goggles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Manosh, from the Sacramento National Federation of the Blind chapter, disagrees that the service will encourage isolation or over-reliance. She calls Aira “a tool in my toolbox” that also includes her cane and her mobility training. “You don’t have to rely \u003cem>just\u003c/em> on it, and that’s the beauty of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_418103\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-418103 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Bernal, Aira's vice president of customer experience, demonstrates what agents connected to the company's clients see on their screen -- a Google Map of the user's location with an inset of the video stream coming from their glasses or phone. (Kara Platoni/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I’ve had this experience where I’ve actually gone to an airport and thought ‘How do I know this airport? I’ve never been here before. You realize that you’ve been an agent for a user in an airport. You are like, ‘Oh, I’ve been in this terminal, but I haven’t \u003cem>been in this terminal\u003c/em>.’ It’s very déjà vu.'\u003ccite>Amy Bernal, Aira’s vice president of customer experience\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The next phase of Aira’s development will be to turn some tasks over to a machine. At first, Bernal says, the AI will likely assist the agent. Later, it might guide people through routine tasks, like daily commutes. Or it might replace agents in sensitive situations, while users are in restrooms or dealing with finances, for instance. (Currently, users can go into “privacy mode” with no video or audio, or hang up and call back.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hingson imagines sending a shopping list to Aira, and having the AI map his path through the store and check barcodes to confirm that he's grabbed the right items. He’d also like Aira integration with Facebook, so the system could use facial recognition to let him know if his friends are nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, employees like Bernal are happy to assist with just about everything, although she notes that there’s one oddly sci-fi effect of seeing the world through someone else’s lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve had this experience where I’ve actually gone to an airport and thought ‘How do I know this airport? I’ve never been here before,’ ” she says. “But you realize that you’ve been an agent for a user in an airport. You are like, ‘Oh, I’ve been in this terminal, but I haven’t \u003cem>been in this terminal\u003c/em>.’ It’s very déjà vu.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Finding a cafe, describing a museum exhibit or helping someone fold origami -- a new service helps blind people navigate by linking them with live agents who view their surroundings through smartglasses like Google Glass.",
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"description": "Finding a cafe, describing a museum exhibit or helping someone fold origami -- a new service helps blind people navigate by linking them with live agents who view their surroundings through smartglasses like Google Glass.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The first thing I do is put on Google Glass, its tiny camera situated over my right eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A MiFi — a personal wireless hotspot — goes into my pocket. I pop in earbuds connected to a smartphone. Then I close my eyes. I am trying to simulate, for this demonstration, what it's like to navigate without being able to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Finding a cafe, describing a museum exhibit, or helping someone fold origami -- a new service guides blind people by connecting them with live agents who view their surroundings through smartglasses like Google Glass.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>All geared up, I am now ready for my test run. \u003ca href=\"https://aira.io/#service\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Aira\u003c/a>, based in San Diego, is a paid service that offers \"visual interpretation\" for the blind and visually impaired. With a smartphone app, Aira users connect with a remote agent who sees through any one of four types of smartglasses and describes the client's environment to her. Employees say the service, which became available in March, is like \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/onstar/480471/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #24890d\">OnStar\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"m-6819587429447741435apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>for the blind — or maybe like having your own personal “\u003ca href=\"http://24.wikia.com/wiki/Chloe_O%27Brian\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"color: #24890d\">Chloe\u003c/span>\u003c/a>,” the intelligence analyst on the TV show \"24\" who often remotely assists hero Jack Bauer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I summon \u003cem>my\u003c/em> Chloe using the Aira interface, which consists of a giant blue button. All I have to do is tap anywhere on the phone's display.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thank you for calling Aira,” a friendly voice says. “How can I help you?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is Andy Del Valle, my agent, and, for as long as I need him, my long-distance eyes. Del Valle — sitting in front of his laptop — can now see through my Google Glass feed. As I scan my surroundings, he sees Amy Bernal, the company’s vice president of customer experience, who has helped get me outfitted; then I lower my head so he can see the path before my feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thanks to my GPS connection, Del Valle is also able to locate me using Google Maps. We’re on the campus of San Francisco State University, for me unfamiliar turf. I ask him to direct me to the nearest cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within seconds, he's produced a route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granted, we’re approximating the Aira experience; I’m a sighted person with no orientation and mobility training, and I'm not using a dog or cane, as regular users do. I am, to put it gently, perhaps not the most graceful mover Del Valle has ever assisted. But he is cheerful as he offers me directions, like to turn left toward 11 o’clock. As I walk, he offers environmental cues, telling me to turn when I feel the slope of the sidewalk level out, or when I can feel the sun as I emerge from a nearby building’s shadow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I quickly grow to trust his voice in my ear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a short walk, I hear music and a cash register — we’ve arrived at our destination. I want to order an iced coffee; Del Valle asks me to turn so he can scan a posted menu.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_424306\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 292px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto1-e1499819013990.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-424306\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/AiraPhoto1-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"390\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orientation and mobility specialist using Aira at the International Mobility Conference in 2016. (Courtesy Aira)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Taking picture,” an automated voice intones as Del Valle grabs a shot from the camera feed and zooms in. He also pulls up a more detailed menu online and gives me a rundown of options — espresso? Blended java drink? — and a headcount of how many people are in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Valle is among the 33 agents working that day, covering customers across the United States. The service runs from 4 a.m. to 10 p.m., Pacific time or 7 a.m.to 1 a.m. Eastern, and clients subscribe to a monthly plan or a package of minutes. (The monthly plans go from $89 to $329, depending on \u003ca href=\"https://aira.io/plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">level of service\u003c/a>.\u003cstrong>) \u003c/strong>Each user gets a personal profile that lists details like allergies, so an agent can warn someone allergic to shellfish, for example, that there’s shrimp salad on the potluck table. The company says it has \"hundreds\" of clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernal, the customer experience VP, is also an agent, and she's set up shop for the afternoon in the campus’ special education department. The calls she fields run from the mundane (a man looking for a trash can while cleaning up after his guide dog) to the complicated (a lost woman with bad directions from a passerby can't find her bus stop.) “You'll never know until you pick up the call,” Bernal says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are hundreds of thousands of very clever and efficient solutions that don’t involve sight.'\u003ccite>Bryan Bashin, LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sometimes they get a strange one — Bernal recalls an agent being asked to help a user do origami, having to hastily grab some paper and fold along. But most are the stuff of ordinary life: setting up the cable box, checking the expiration date on the milk, matching a shirt and tie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tiffany Manosh, president of the River City Chapter of the National Federation of the Blind, in Sacramento, has been using Aira for about a year. She likes it for tasks that involve browsing, like shopping. Sure, she could ask a clerk for help, but “they go directly to whatever item we’ve asked for,” she says. “Well, what if I want to see maybe what’s on sale?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a natural history museum, she once had an agent describe the exhibits. A docent could have done that — if she’d booked one a month in advance. “Sighted people don’t have to do that, so why should we?” she asks. “Aira gives us the freedom to be able to really integrate and do things at our own time — when we want to, and where we want to go.” An agent even helped her find her father’s gravesite at Arlington National Cemetery. “It was a very emotional and just phenomenal feeling to be able to do it on my own time,” says Manosh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aira, based in San Diego, test-launched three years ago with 200 beta users. Among them was Victorville resident Michael Hingson, who has been blind since birth and recently became the company’s director of strategic sales. “Aira is not helping a blind person see,” Hingson says. “Aira is giving me information that the sighted world has not learned to provide to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, on emails or websites, those who are visually impaired might use a screen reader that speaks the text aloud. For printed materials, they might try a phone app like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.knfbreader.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KNFB Reader\u003c/a>, which translates text using optical character recognition. But those don’t cover everything. Hingson recalls trying to assemble a laundry cart and discovering the instructions were in pictures, which his reader couldn’t decipher. So he called Aira. The agent zoomed in on the cart’s bar code and found assembly instructions on the internet. In a half-hour, Hingson said, “I had a working laundry cart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aira agents are trained to give factual information without offering advice, deferring to the user’s orientation and mobility training. “What I don’t want is an agent telling me it’s safe to cross the street — because the agent doesn't \u003cem>know\u003c/em> it’s safe to cross the street,” says Hingson. “That should be my choice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Learning to give the right information is a balancing act, says Bernal. “When agents first start, they feel like they have to say every little thing that is in any remote path of a user,” she says. But a person’s dog or cane will help them avoid obstacles. Instead, it might be more useful to offer social information, like where the empty seat in the room is, or whether the driver greeting you at the airport is smiling and waving you over.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Jxkq-Ta0tv4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Jxkq-Ta0tv4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Free Services\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan Bashin, CEO of the training and advocacy group \u003ca href=\"http://lighthouse-sf.org/\">LightHouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired\u003c/a>, in San Francisco, has tried Aira, and points out that while it’s the first such for-profit service, it’s not the first visual interpretation app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the iPhone debuted, he says, “a lot of people had the same idea at the same time.” He sometimes uses \u003ca href=\"http://bemyeyes.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Be My Eyes\u003c/a>, a free worldwide service powered by volunteers who assist by cellphone video chat. The free app \u003ca href=\"http://taptapseeapp.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">TapTapSee\u003c/a> identifies the content of still photos and speaks it aloud. And people can also improvise by simply Facetiming with friends or relatives. Bashin says these solutions are more accessible to low-income people than Aira’s paid service, although they lack some of the features — smartglasses, GPS mapping, agents trained to work with the blind. But what they all have in common, Bashin says, “is the world is still not 100 percent accessible for blind people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bashin says that dialing a sighted person can be especially helpful when optical character readers fail, noting they are often thwarted by glare (think thermostat screens) or fancy script (think wine bottle labels or handwritten mail). But Bashin cautions against over-reliance on visual interpreters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When somebody first becomes blind, they think that the answers to the obstacles of blindness are to have someone see for you,” he says. Yet a person can skillfully use other senses, like touch and hearing, and low-tech solutions, like Braille. “There are hundreds of thousands of very clever and efficient solutions that don’t involve sight,” Bashin continues. “That’s what we teach at the LightHouse, and that’s what will get us through the day with a little bit of grace, so that we can reserve these technologies for when they really count. I'm a little bit afraid that new students will avoid learning what they need to learn to be competent blind people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some Aira users prefer a paid agent — often for fear of imposing on others’ time — Bashin doesn't mind asking a stranger to steer him toward the check-in desk or describe what’s on the buffet, because that’s a social activity. “Yes, I’ll learn where the strawberries are, but I’ll also learn about \u003cem>them\u003c/em>. Now I’ve made a bridge to another person instead of isolating myself talking into a headset and some goggles,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Manosh, from the Sacramento National Federation of the Blind chapter, disagrees that the service will encourage isolation or over-reliance. She calls Aira “a tool in my toolbox” that also includes her cane and her mobility training. “You don’t have to rely \u003cem>just\u003c/em> on it, and that’s the beauty of it,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_418103\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-418103 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/Aira5.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amy Bernal, Aira's vice president of customer experience, demonstrates what agents connected to the company's clients see on their screen -- a Google Map of the user's location with an inset of the video stream coming from their glasses or phone. (Kara Platoni/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I’ve had this experience where I’ve actually gone to an airport and thought ‘How do I know this airport? I’ve never been here before. You realize that you’ve been an agent for a user in an airport. You are like, ‘Oh, I’ve been in this terminal, but I haven’t \u003cem>been in this terminal\u003c/em>.’ It’s very déjà vu.'\u003ccite>Amy Bernal, Aira’s vice president of customer experience\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The next phase of Aira’s development will be to turn some tasks over to a machine. At first, Bernal says, the AI will likely assist the agent. Later, it might guide people through routine tasks, like daily commutes. Or it might replace agents in sensitive situations, while users are in restrooms or dealing with finances, for instance. (Currently, users can go into “privacy mode” with no video or audio, or hang up and call back.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hingson imagines sending a shopping list to Aira, and having the AI map his path through the store and check barcodes to confirm that he's grabbed the right items. He’d also like Aira integration with Facebook, so the system could use facial recognition to let him know if his friends are nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, employees like Bernal are happy to assist with just about everything, although she notes that there’s one oddly sci-fi effect of seeing the world through someone else’s lenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Lawsuit Says It's Unconstitutional for President Trump to Block Critics on Twitter",
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"content": "\u003cp>A free speech law center says President Trump and his staff are breaking the law when they block his critics on Twitter. The Knight First Amendment Institute has filed a lawsuit saying the president's Twitter feed is a public forum protected by the First Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit, filed Tuesday, accuses the White House of suppressing dissent by excluding Twitter users who criticize Trump or his policies. It cites recent statements by White House staff that deem tweets from the president's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@realDonaldTrump account\u003c/a> as official statements, as well as a recent Supreme Court opinion that called Twitter and Facebook \"perhaps the most powerful mechanisms available to a private citizen to make his or her voice heard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed by seven people who have been blocked from Trump's account, along with the Knight First Amendment Institute, which is affiliated with Columbia University. The group initially \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/07/531945516/free-speech-legal-center-threatens-to-sue-trump-for-blocking-twitter-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened to sue a month ago\u003c/a>, when it sent the White House a letter demanding that it stop blocking people who respond critically to the president's messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to preventing those citizens from reading and responding to the president's tweets, the group said, the practice violates others' rights to an open forum where they can hear critical debate. The Trump administration did not respond to that letter, the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The White House is transforming a public forum into an echo chamber,\" said Katie Fallow, a senior staff attorney at the Knight Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Discussing Trump's Twitter feed last month, Jameel Jaffer, the institute's executive director, told NPR's David Folkenflik, \"I don't even think it's arguable. It is the most important social media account operated by the U.S. government or a U.S. government official right now. And it is operated in order to get President Trump's opinions about government policy to Americans and to the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the lawsuit was filed, Jaffer released a statement saying: \"The First Amendment applies to this digital forum in the same way it applies to town halls and open school board meetings. The White House acts unlawfully when it excludes people from this forum simply because they've disagreed with the president.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3893085-Knight-Institute-Trump-Twitter.html\" responsive=true]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A free speech law center says President Trump and his staff are breaking the law when they block his critics on Twitter. The Knight First Amendment Institute has filed a lawsuit saying the president's Twitter feed is a public forum protected by the First Amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit, filed Tuesday, accuses the White House of suppressing dissent by excluding Twitter users who criticize Trump or his policies. It cites recent statements by White House staff that deem tweets from the president's \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">@realDonaldTrump account\u003c/a> as official statements, as well as a recent Supreme Court opinion that called Twitter and Facebook \"perhaps the most powerful mechanisms available to a private citizen to make his or her voice heard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit was filed by seven people who have been blocked from Trump's account, along with the Knight First Amendment Institute, which is affiliated with Columbia University. The group initially \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/07/531945516/free-speech-legal-center-threatens-to-sue-trump-for-blocking-twitter-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">threatened to sue a month ago\u003c/a>, when it sent the White House a letter demanding that it stop blocking people who respond critically to the president's messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to preventing those citizens from reading and responding to the president's tweets, the group said, the practice violates others' rights to an open forum where they can hear critical debate. The Trump administration did not respond to that letter, the group said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The White House is transforming a public forum into an echo chamber,\" said Katie Fallow, a senior staff attorney at the Knight Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On July 4th, 1997 as Americans were stoking their barbecues, a NASA spacecraft touched down on Mars and bounced like a beach ball. The Pathfinder mission was an unlikely and stunning success that marked the beginning of a roaming robotic presence on the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The successful feat surprised everyone—including the team behind the mission, a mission that didn’t have the best reputation in the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Trosper applied to work at NASA in the nineties. “And I got a phone call,” Trosper says. “He [the recruiter] said, ‘Well, we got this project out here. Nobody really wants to work on it, because nobody thinks it’s going to work.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA was trying something new: space travel for a bargain price. Pathfinder’s mantra was \u003cem>cheaper, faster, \u003c/em>\u003cem>better\u003c/em>. The goal was to cut down on red tape and dream of solutions no one had else had thought of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Be crazy and bold and innovative,” says Pathfinder’s chief engineer Rob Manning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Cheaper, Faster, Better’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trosper arrived in Los Angeles, she joined a team of scrappy aerospace engineers at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u003c/a> (JPL) willing to work on a lean budget and try something revolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t follow all the rules. We had some good leadership, but it was a very small team,” Trosper says, “And we were landing on the surface of Mars with air bags!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA at Mars: 20 years of 24/7 exploration\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/JXZa8cmab1g?list=PLTiv_XWHnOZpzQKYC6nLf6M9AuBbng_O8\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airbags were designed to cushion Pathfinder’s landing. Touching down on Mars can be tricky because the atmosphere is so thin. That’s one reason no other country had had a successful landing for twenty years. NASA’s last success was the Viking 1 and Viking 2 orbiter-lander in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Low Budget Inspires Innovation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manning says the team settled on a parachute to slow the spacecraft down as it hurtled through the Martian atmosphere. The engineers also wrapped the machine in a cocoon to protect it when it touched down on the rocky landscape—kind of like a beach ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ydG3BtuLQBhWZAiZ4ojhjUkOgqckWcSE”]Manning says the idea was that the ball “would bounce and roll on the surface. And finally open up like a flower and have a little rover drive off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If successful, the tiny rover—about the size of a microwave—would become the first wheeled vehicle to explore the surface of another planet. NASA named it Sojourner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven months after the launch, NASA engineers monitored the spacecraft’s status as it neared its icy destination. A nervous tension filled the control room at JPL. And then at the exact moment Pathfinder was expected to bounce down, a faint signal sounded, back on Earth. The room erupted with loud applause and cheering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By late afternoon for us we were getting our first picture,” Manning says, smiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miraculously, Pathfinder had traveled millions of miles and landed upright on the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1783060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1783060 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-800x616.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-768x591.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-1020x785.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-1180x908.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-960x739.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-240x185.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-375x289.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-520x400.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552.jpg 1476w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sojourner Rover at the Yogi rock on Mars. \u003ccite>(Mars Pathfinder Project )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA uploaded the images to a new realm known as the World Wide Web. Jon Brooks, a science editor at KQED, remembers the moment vividly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could see a little more, a little more, a little more,” Brooks says, “and the anticipation was truly great because you were going to catch a glimpse of Mars for the first time. You actually saw the barren landscape and the red color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Most Important Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sojourner was expected to take pictures for one week before its batteries died. Instead, the little spacecraft weathered the frigid climate for nearly three months. Pathfinder beamed thousands of pictures back to Earth, says Manning, to help his team answer one central question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Was Mars at some point in its past a place with lakes and an atmosphere and places where presumably life could actually get started?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quest to find an answer has inspired three more NASA rovers after Pathfinder. The latest, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\">Curiosity\u003c/a>, is the size of an SUV and has been driving around Mars for nearly five years looking for clues about how and when the red planet went from warm and wet to cold and dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers are still searching for signs of life, but they have confirmed the presence of water. Observations suggest that habitable lakes and streams likely existed in the ancient past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doesn’t say anything about whether there was life there,” Manning says. “But it does say this planet is much more interesting than we ever dreamed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars is the only planet inhabited solely by robots (as far as we know). Next year the U.S. will send the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/insight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InSight\u003c/a> lander to Mars, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 \u003c/a>wil\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">l \u003c/a>follow. NASA hopes to land a human on the red planet within the \u003cem>next\u003c/em> twenty years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On July 4th, 1997 as Americans were stoking their barbecues, a NASA spacecraft touched down on Mars and bounced like a beach ball. The Pathfinder mission was an unlikely and stunning success that marked the beginning of a roaming robotic presence on the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The successful feat surprised everyone—including the team behind the mission, a mission that didn’t have the best reputation in the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Trosper applied to work at NASA in the nineties. “And I got a phone call,” Trosper says. “He [the recruiter] said, ‘Well, we got this project out here. Nobody really wants to work on it, because nobody thinks it’s going to work.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA was trying something new: space travel for a bargain price. Pathfinder’s mantra was \u003cem>cheaper, faster, \u003c/em>\u003cem>better\u003c/em>. The goal was to cut down on red tape and dream of solutions no one had else had thought of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Be crazy and bold and innovative,” says Pathfinder’s chief engineer Rob Manning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Cheaper, Faster, Better’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trosper arrived in Los Angeles, she joined a team of scrappy aerospace engineers at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/\">Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u003c/a> (JPL) willing to work on a lean budget and try something revolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t follow all the rules. We had some good leadership, but it was a very small team,” Trosper says, “And we were landing on the surface of Mars with air bags!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"NASA at Mars: 20 years of 24/7 exploration\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/JXZa8cmab1g?list=PLTiv_XWHnOZpzQKYC6nLf6M9AuBbng_O8\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airbags were designed to cushion Pathfinder’s landing. Touching down on Mars can be tricky because the atmosphere is so thin. That’s one reason no other country had had a successful landing for twenty years. NASA’s last success was the Viking 1 and Viking 2 orbiter-lander in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Low Budget Inspires Innovation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manning says the team settled on a parachute to slow the spacecraft down as it hurtled through the Martian atmosphere. The engineers also wrapped the machine in a cocoon to protect it when it touched down on the rocky landscape—kind of like a beach ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Manning says the idea was that the ball “would bounce and roll on the surface. And finally open up like a flower and have a little rover drive off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If successful, the tiny rover—about the size of a microwave—would become the first wheeled vehicle to explore the surface of another planet. NASA named it Sojourner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven months after the launch, NASA engineers monitored the spacecraft’s status as it neared its icy destination. A nervous tension filled the control room at JPL. And then at the exact moment Pathfinder was expected to bounce down, a faint signal sounded, back on Earth. The room erupted with loud applause and cheering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By late afternoon for us we were getting our first picture,” Manning says, smiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miraculously, Pathfinder had traveled millions of miles and landed upright on the red planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1783060\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1783060 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-800x616.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"616\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-800x616.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-768x591.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-1020x785.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-1180x908.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-960x739.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-240x185.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-375x289.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552-520x400.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/marspath_81696-e1498774365552.jpg 1476w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Sojourner Rover at the Yogi rock on Mars. \u003ccite>(Mars Pathfinder Project )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NASA uploaded the images to a new realm known as the World Wide Web. Jon Brooks, a science editor at KQED, remembers the moment vividly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could see a little more, a little more, a little more,” Brooks says, “and the anticipation was truly great because you were going to catch a glimpse of Mars for the first time. You actually saw the barren landscape and the red color.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Most Important Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sojourner was expected to take pictures for one week before its batteries died. Instead, the little spacecraft weathered the frigid climate for nearly three months. Pathfinder beamed thousands of pictures back to Earth, says Manning, to help his team answer one central question:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Was Mars at some point in its past a place with lakes and an atmosphere and places where presumably life could actually get started?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quest to find an answer has inspired three more NASA rovers after Pathfinder. The latest, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msl/index.html\">Curiosity\u003c/a>, is the size of an SUV and has been driving around Mars for nearly five years looking for clues about how and when the red planet went from warm and wet to cold and dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Astronomers are still searching for signs of life, but they have confirmed the presence of water. Observations suggest that habitable lakes and streams likely existed in the ancient past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Doesn’t say anything about whether there was life there,” Manning says. “But it does say this planet is much more interesting than we ever dreamed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mars is the only planet inhabited solely by robots (as far as we know). Next year the U.S. will send the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/insight/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">InSight\u003c/a> lander to Mars, and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">Mars 2020 \u003c/a>wil\u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/mars2020/\">l \u003c/a>follow. NASA hopes to land a human on the red planet within the \u003cem>next\u003c/em> twenty years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Gives Gig Workers a Break—But Just a Little One",
"title": "California Gives Gig Workers a Break—But Just a Little One",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Angelo Henry describes himself as \"unemployed,\" but that isn't entirely right. Under California labor law, he's a self-starting freelancer. An entrepreneur.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A 25-year-old with a mechanical engineering degree from the University of Southern California, Henry is a semi-reluctant tenant at his mother's Pasadena house in search of full-time work. In the meantime, like an increasing number of Californians with four wheels and not enough cash, he’s a weekend chauffeur-for-digital-hire with Lyft and Uber.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"It's not ideal, honestly,\" he said. \"It's just a means to pay my student loans, my bills, my credit card. And I have to pay my mom something too, because I can’t just live at home and not pay anything.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Henry said he earns $800 per month after accounting for gas and other driving expenses. The gig offers flexibility. No set schedules, no obligations, no demanding bosses. Also: no safety net. Henry is on his mom's health insurance plan, an option he'll have through the Affordable Care Act until his next birthday. But as for workers compensation, retirement savings, minimum wage, and sick leave? There Henry,\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/what-do-we-know-about-gig-work-in-california/\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">along\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with one out of every 12 Californians, is on his own.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">At least for now.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This week, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a new budget that will expand the state's earned income tax credit—one of the state's premier anti-poverty programs—to the self-employed. The credit is directed\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/businesses/Economic_Development_Incentives/EITCReport2016.pdf\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">primarily\u003c/span>\u003c/a> at poor families with children. And gig workers like Henry now stand to benefit too, though in his case it will mean only an extra $60 for the year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Financially speaking, that’s slim pickings. The most generous annual credit for a family of three kids or more is around $2,700.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>But for a group that is often denied the income support programs, labor protections and other benefits regularly afforded traditional employees, that extra pocket change represents a significant political win. It’s one of a string of recent legislative efforts to redefine the legal status of independent contractors, provide gig economy workers with new rights and benefits, and introduce state-sponsored benefit programs for the self- or precariously employed. The expanded credit is the most successful push yet from lawmakers and advocates who want to remake the 20th century social safety net for the 21st century labor force.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gigeconomy]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We have a lot more activity in our economy in these ‘other’ categories, and we’re leaving those folks behind,” said Chris Hoene, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Budget & Policy Center\u003c/a>, a nonpartisan think tank. “Our traditional definitions of work basically exclude them from the types of support that we provide to other people.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">How many of these \"other\" workers actually exist?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">According to a recent\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/what-do-we-know-about-gig-work-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from the Center for Labor Research and Education at the University of California, Berkeley, 8.5 percent of California's workforce falls into the category of “unincorporated self-employed.\" Many more Californians work odd jobs on the side—nationwide, an\u003ca href=\"https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/tax-analysis/Documents/WP-114.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">estimated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> 6 percent do that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Despite all the attention to the boom in on-demand labor platforms like Uber and TaskRabbit, the study’s authors say they actually represent a tiny portion of the “gig economy.” To the contrary, the overall share of self-employed Californians has remained relatively stable over the last two decades.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Still, Silicon Valley’s economic influence—coupled with a decades-long\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2015/02/23/385843576/50-years-of-shrinking-union-membership-in-one-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">decline\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in unionization rates, falling pension\u003ca href=\"https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n3/v69n3p1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">coverage\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and\u003ca href=\"http://www.healthsystemtracker.org/interactive/?display=As%2520a%2520%2525%2520of%2520GDP&service=Hospitals%252CPhysicians%2520%2526%2520Clinics%252CPrescription%2520Drug\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">rising\u003c/span>\u003c/a> health care costs—raises new questions about what workforce protections and benefits should look like for the \"gig economy.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We’re trying to figure this out before it comes a real issue,” said Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, chair of the Appropriations Committee. “I don’t feel like there’s been enough thought in a lot of circles about the economy that we’re creating and what that will do for the safety net of the state.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The expansion of the earned income tax credit suggests one possible way forward.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">By design, the credit provides additional resources to low-income Californians, while also encouraging them work. When introduced in 2015, the credit was restricted to wage and salary earners as a fraud prevention measure.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new expansion, which extends eligibility to those earning up to $22,300, is expected to cost $140 million annually. Low income, self-employed Californians will be able to claim the credit when they file their income taxes next spring.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gonzalez Fletcher agrees that expanding the credit to non-employees is a “really exciting” development. But, she argues, it shouldn’t necessarily serve as a model for how to provide independent contractors with financial security.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It is an admission that we as a state are going to pick up the slack, that we’re going to supplement the income of the poor,” she said. “In doing that, what level of responsibility are we giving to these companies?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gonzalez Fletcher has instead introduced a host of bills in the last few years that would grant gig workers new rights and protections, largely at the expense of the companies that hire them. These include proposals to\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">give\u003c/span>\u003c/a> independent contractors the right to collectively bargain, to\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB206\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">expand\u003c/span>\u003c/a> workers compensation insurance to short-term day laborers, to\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">re-classify\u003c/span>\u003c/a> professional cheerleaders as employees, and to\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1099\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">force\u003c/span>\u003c/a> app-based services to provide a tipping option.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">So far, the results have been mixed. \u003ca href=\"http://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13263516/new-california-law-recognizes-cheerleaders-employees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The cheerleader bill was signed into law in 2015\u003c/a>. Uber, which famously did not offer its users the option to tip, for a variety of reasons\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>announced a\u003ca href=\"https://pages.et.uber.com/180-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of policy this month. But the collective bargaining provision was killed last year and the day laborer bill is currently idling in committee.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gonzalez Fletcher attributes some of the uneven progress to the industry's cachet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“They’re saying, ‘We have tech, we have innovation, we have Silicon Valley,’ and that’s all cool,” she said. “It’s not cool to be the skunk at the garden party.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ca href=\"https://internetassociation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Internet Association\u003c/a>, a trade group that lobbies on behalf of sharing-economy titans like Uber, Lyft, Etsy, and AirBnB, responded to a request for comment by pointing to the association’s opposition letter to Gonzalez Fletcher’s tipping bill.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The state should not be mandating business decisions of this kind in the first place,” the letter said. “This is especially true in the fiercely competitive internet-enabled sharing economy, where the market best dictates these decisions.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“This proved true...with Uber's decision to accept gratuities,” communications director Noah Theran said in an email.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">While the industry may not be keen on redefining the arrangement it currently enjoys with its workforce of independent contractors, some tech leaders have endorsed a new model of employer benefits. The aim: to cover independent contractors regardless of where they work or how many jobs they have.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Maybe the old employer-employee negotiated benefit model is out of date,” said Hoene of the Budget & Policy Center, who suggests a \"portable benefits\" system might be more appropriate in an economy of freelancers. Rather than tying benefits to a specific job, he describes a “state-sponsored system that workers can port with them as they move from work to non-work, or from one kind of work to another.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In practice, this might mean that a company would pay for the benefits of its independent contractors in proportion to the hours they work, or that the state might provide the benefits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The lack of specifics has made the concept of \"portable benefits\" popular with a\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/the-wtf-economy/common-ground-for-independent-workers-83f3fbcf548f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">diverse\u003c/span>\u003c/a> group of labor policy wonks, tech industry leaders, and labor advocates. When Democratic U.S. Sen. Mark Warner of Virginia\u003ca href=\"https://www.warner.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/5/legislation-to-test-drive-portable-benefit-models-introduced-in-the-house-and-senate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">introduced\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a federal bill last May that would set up a portable benefit pilot program for independent contractors and other workers who don’t get benefits through their jobs, both Lyft and on-demand courier service Postmates backed the proposal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But in Sacramento, efforts to sever the link between benefits and workplace haven’t taken off.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11540945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/GIG-WORKERS-Photo-2-freelancing-in-coffee-shop-e1498850059933.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11540945\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/GIG-WORKERS-Photo-2-freelancing-in-coffee-shop-e1498850059933.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Details\u003cbr>Description\u003cbr>One in 12 Californians work independently, so-called gig economy workers. \u003ccite>(Photo via Pexels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The state is developing a program to offer retirement savings accounts to workers who lack that option through their jobs. But the State Treasurer’s office, which hopes to launch that \u003ca href=\"http://www.treasurer.ca.gov/scib/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“Secure Choice”\u003c/a> program by 2019, has yet to decide whether to allow self-employed Californians to opt-in. Meanwhile, a single-payer bill to provide state-funded health insurance to all Californians—employees, contractors, and the unemployed alike—passed the state Senate but stalled out in the Assembly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Not everyone is convinced that the solution lies in transforming benefits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"We need to create a situation where there is not an incentive to use independent contractors to get around labor standards and to avoid paying taxes,\" said Ken Jacobs, chair of the labor research center at UC Berkeley. Rather than reinvent California labor law, he said, state lawmakers should focus on ensuring that workers aren't being wrongly classified as independent contractors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For all the focus on the gig workers of the tech industry, as he points out, these on-demand platform workers only make up about 1 percent of the labor force in most of California’s big cities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a whole, independent contractors are a broad mix of workers: lawyers and architects, day laborers and janitors, freelance artists and journalists, and, yes, rideshare drivers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It's a mix that also includes Tonia McMillian.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">McMillian, who has been operating a childcare center out of her home in Bellflower for the last 24 years, doesn't get paid through an app and doesn't find her clients online. But she is an independent contractor with an unstable salary—a growing concern for her now that she is approaching the end of her working years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"I woke up one day and realized I have no retirement,\" she said. And if she gets injured on the job, \"I can't get disability, I can't get workers' comp, I'm just on my own.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">McMillian, who serves as treasurer at Service Employees International Union Local 99, a union of teachers and childcare workers in Los Angeles, applauds the expansion of the earned income tax credit. But with its income cap of a little over $15,000 for individuals without dependent children, she said the policy “is neither here nor there” for her. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That, she said, in a country that celebrates entrepreneurs, is a “shame.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org\">\u003ci>CALmatters.org\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci> is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/ben-christopher/\">Ben Christopher\u003ca/>\u003cbr>CALmatters\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/california-gives-gig-workers-break-just-little-one-start/\"\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Angelo Henry describes himself as \"unemployed,\" but that isn't entirely right. Under California labor law, he's a self-starting freelancer. An entrepreneur.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A 25-year-old with a mechanical engineering degree from the University of Southern California, Henry is a semi-reluctant tenant at his mother's Pasadena house in search of full-time work. In the meantime, like an increasing number of Californians with four wheels and not enough cash, he’s a weekend chauffeur-for-digital-hire with Lyft and Uber.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"It's not ideal, honestly,\" he said. \"It's just a means to pay my student loans, my bills, my credit card. And I have to pay my mom something too, because I can’t just live at home and not pay anything.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Henry said he earns $800 per month after accounting for gas and other driving expenses. The gig offers flexibility. No set schedules, no obligations, no demanding bosses. Also: no safety net. Henry is on his mom's health insurance plan, an option he'll have through the Affordable Care Act until his next birthday. But as for workers compensation, retirement savings, minimum wage, and sick leave? There Henry,\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/what-do-we-know-about-gig-work-in-california/\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">along\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with one out of every 12 Californians, is on his own.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">At least for now.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This week, Gov. Jerry Brown signed a new budget that will expand the state's earned income tax credit—one of the state's premier anti-poverty programs—to the self-employed. The credit is directed\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/businesses/Economic_Development_Incentives/EITCReport2016.pdf\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">primarily\u003c/span>\u003c/a> at poor families with children. And gig workers like Henry now stand to benefit too, though in his case it will mean only an extra $60 for the year.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Financially speaking, that’s slim pickings. The most generous annual credit for a family of three kids or more is around $2,700.\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>But for a group that is often denied the income support programs, labor protections and other benefits regularly afforded traditional employees, that extra pocket change represents a significant political win. It’s one of a string of recent legislative efforts to redefine the legal status of independent contractors, provide gig economy workers with new rights and benefits, and introduce state-sponsored benefit programs for the self- or precariously employed. The expanded credit is the most successful push yet from lawmakers and advocates who want to remake the 20th century social safety net for the 21st century labor force.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gigeconomy]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We have a lot more activity in our economy in these ‘other’ categories, and we’re leaving those folks behind,” said Chris Hoene, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Budget & Policy Center\u003c/a>, a nonpartisan think tank. “Our traditional definitions of work basically exclude them from the types of support that we provide to other people.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">How many of these \"other\" workers actually exist?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">According to a recent\u003ca href=\"http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/what-do-we-know-about-gig-work-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from the Center for Labor Research and Education at the University of California, Berkeley, 8.5 percent of California's workforce falls into the category of “unincorporated self-employed.\" Many more Californians work odd jobs on the side—nationwide, an\u003ca href=\"https://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/tax-policy/tax-analysis/Documents/WP-114.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">estimated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> 6 percent do that.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Despite all the attention to the boom in on-demand labor platforms like Uber and TaskRabbit, the study’s authors say they actually represent a tiny portion of the “gig economy.” To the contrary, the overall share of self-employed Californians has remained relatively stable over the last two decades.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Still, Silicon Valley’s economic influence—coupled with a decades-long\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/money/2015/02/23/385843576/50-years-of-shrinking-union-membership-in-one-map\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">decline\u003c/span>\u003c/a> in unionization rates, falling pension\u003ca href=\"https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n3/v69n3p1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">coverage\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and\u003ca href=\"http://www.healthsystemtracker.org/interactive/?display=As%2520a%2520%2525%2520of%2520GDP&service=Hospitals%252CPhysicians%2520%2526%2520Clinics%252CPrescription%2520Drug\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">rising\u003c/span>\u003c/a> health care costs—raises new questions about what workforce protections and benefits should look like for the \"gig economy.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We’re trying to figure this out before it comes a real issue,” said Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, chair of the Appropriations Committee. “I don’t feel like there’s been enough thought in a lot of circles about the economy that we’re creating and what that will do for the safety net of the state.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The expansion of the earned income tax credit suggests one possible way forward.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">By design, the credit provides additional resources to low-income Californians, while also encouraging them work. When introduced in 2015, the credit was restricted to wage and salary earners as a fraud prevention measure.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new expansion, which extends eligibility to those earning up to $22,300, is expected to cost $140 million annually. Low income, self-employed Californians will be able to claim the credit when they file their income taxes next spring.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gonzalez Fletcher agrees that expanding the credit to non-employees is a “really exciting” development. But, she argues, it shouldn’t necessarily serve as a model for how to provide independent contractors with financial security.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It is an admission that we as a state are going to pick up the slack, that we’re going to supplement the income of the poor,” she said. “In doing that, what level of responsibility are we giving to these companies?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gonzalez Fletcher has instead introduced a host of bills in the last few years that would grant gig workers new rights and protections, largely at the expense of the companies that hire them. These include proposals to\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">give\u003c/span>\u003c/a> independent contractors the right to collectively bargain, to\u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB206\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">expand\u003c/span>\u003c/a> workers compensation insurance to short-term day laborers, to\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">re-classify\u003c/span>\u003c/a> professional cheerleaders as employees, and to\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1099\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">force\u003c/span>\u003c/a> app-based services to provide a tipping option.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">So far, the results have been mixed. \u003ca href=\"http://www.espn.com/espn/story/_/id/13263516/new-california-law-recognizes-cheerleaders-employees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The cheerleader bill was signed into law in 2015\u003c/a>. Uber, which famously did not offer its users the option to tip, for a variety of reasons\u003cspan class=\"Apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>announced a\u003ca href=\"https://pages.et.uber.com/180-days/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> of policy this month. But the collective bargaining provision was killed last year and the day laborer bill is currently idling in committee.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gonzalez Fletcher attributes some of the uneven progress to the industry's cachet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“They’re saying, ‘We have tech, we have innovation, we have Silicon Valley,’ and that’s all cool,” she said. “It’s not cool to be the skunk at the garden party.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ca href=\"https://internetassociation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Internet Association\u003c/a>, a trade group that lobbies on behalf of sharing-economy titans like Uber, Lyft, Etsy, and AirBnB, responded to a request for comment by pointing to the association’s opposition letter to Gonzalez Fletcher’s tipping bill.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The state should not be mandating business decisions of this kind in the first place,” the letter said. “This is especially true in the fiercely competitive internet-enabled sharing economy, where the market best dictates these decisions.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“This proved true...with Uber's decision to accept gratuities,” communications director Noah Theran said in an email.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">While the industry may not be keen on redefining the arrangement it currently enjoys with its workforce of independent contractors, some tech leaders have endorsed a new model of employer benefits. The aim: to cover independent contractors regardless of where they work or how many jobs they have.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Maybe the old employer-employee negotiated benefit model is out of date,” said Hoene of the Budget & Policy Center, who suggests a \"portable benefits\" system might be more appropriate in an economy of freelancers. Rather than tying benefits to a specific job, he describes a “state-sponsored system that workers can port with them as they move from work to non-work, or from one kind of work to another.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In practice, this might mean that a company would pay for the benefits of its independent contractors in proportion to the hours they work, or that the state might provide the benefits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The lack of specifics has made the concept of \"portable benefits\" popular with a\u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/the-wtf-economy/common-ground-for-independent-workers-83f3fbcf548f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">diverse\u003c/span>\u003c/a> group of labor policy wonks, tech industry leaders, and labor advocates. When Democratic U.S. Sen. Mark Warner of Virginia\u003ca href=\"https://www.warner.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/5/legislation-to-test-drive-portable-benefit-models-introduced-in-the-house-and-senate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003cspan class=\"s2\">introduced\u003c/span>\u003c/a> a federal bill last May that would set up a portable benefit pilot program for independent contractors and other workers who don’t get benefits through their jobs, both Lyft and on-demand courier service Postmates backed the proposal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But in Sacramento, efforts to sever the link between benefits and workplace haven’t taken off.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11540945\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/GIG-WORKERS-Photo-2-freelancing-in-coffee-shop-e1498850059933.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11540945\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/GIG-WORKERS-Photo-2-freelancing-in-coffee-shop-e1498850059933.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Details\u003cbr>Description\u003cbr>One in 12 Californians work independently, so-called gig economy workers. \u003ccite>(Photo via Pexels)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The state is developing a program to offer retirement savings accounts to workers who lack that option through their jobs. But the State Treasurer’s office, which hopes to launch that \u003ca href=\"http://www.treasurer.ca.gov/scib/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">“Secure Choice”\u003c/a> program by 2019, has yet to decide whether to allow self-employed Californians to opt-in. Meanwhile, a single-payer bill to provide state-funded health insurance to all Californians—employees, contractors, and the unemployed alike—passed the state Senate but stalled out in the Assembly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Not everyone is convinced that the solution lies in transforming benefits.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"We need to create a situation where there is not an incentive to use independent contractors to get around labor standards and to avoid paying taxes,\" said Ken Jacobs, chair of the labor research center at UC Berkeley. Rather than reinvent California labor law, he said, state lawmakers should focus on ensuring that workers aren't being wrongly classified as independent contractors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For all the focus on the gig workers of the tech industry, as he points out, these on-demand platform workers only make up about 1 percent of the labor force in most of California’s big cities. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a whole, independent contractors are a broad mix of workers: lawyers and architects, day laborers and janitors, freelance artists and journalists, and, yes, rideshare drivers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It's a mix that also includes Tonia McMillian.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">McMillian, who has been operating a childcare center out of her home in Bellflower for the last 24 years, doesn't get paid through an app and doesn't find her clients online. But she is an independent contractor with an unstable salary—a growing concern for her now that she is approaching the end of her working years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\"I woke up one day and realized I have no retirement,\" she said. And if she gets injured on the job, \"I can't get disability, I can't get workers' comp, I'm just on my own.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">McMillian, who serves as treasurer at Service Employees International Union Local 99, a union of teachers and childcare workers in Los Angeles, applauds the expansion of the earned income tax credit. But with its income cap of a little over $15,000 for individuals without dependent children, she said the policy “is neither here nor there” for her. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">That, she said, in a country that celebrates entrepreneurs, is a “shame.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Tough Will It Be to Rebuild Oroville Dam's Spillway? State Hopes Model Will Help",
"title": "How Tough Will It Be to Rebuild Oroville Dam's Spillway? State Hopes Model Will Help",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/223679839\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap]nyone who contemplated the wreckage of the Oroville Dam's main spillway back in February -- either while water was pounding down the shattered concrete structure or when the flow was stopped later and the enormity of the damage \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was fully visible\u003c/a> -- probably had this thought cross their mind: \"That is going to be tough to fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the California Department of Water Resources were apparently thinking something similar. They got in touch with researchers at Utah State University as part of the process to figure out just how to approach the job of rebuilding the 3,000-foot-long concrete chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department hired the university's Water Research Laboratory to create a scale model of the spillway to help assess its condition after it breached and broke apart and to test concepts for its reconstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we were contacted back in February, DWR had no idea what was feasible in this construction season,\" Michael Johnson, an associate professor of hydraulic engineering at Utah State, said in an interview Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11539412\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11539412\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1.jpg 1215w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Johnson, a faculty member at Utah State's Water Research Laboratory, alongside the lab's scale model of the Oroville Dam spillway.The model was created to help California water officials plan for rebuilding the partially destroyed structure. \u003ccite>(Utah State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They realized they may have to run this thing again this year, before it's finished. So part of our work was evaluating conditions for this coming season,\" Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, Johnson and a team of fellow researchers, engineers and technicians built a 1:50 scale model -- essentially, a replica that's 1/50th the original's size -- of the wrecked spillway. To create the very realistic 3-D model, Johnson says, the team used lidar (light detection and ranging) data from the Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has since created a version of the model that depicts an intact spillway. The purpose of Spillway Model 2.0 is to test design features under consideration for the rebuilt structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those features being examined on the model: aerators for the surface of the concrete chute that are designed to prevent or dampen some of the destructive effects of water that prototypes suggest can move down the steeper sections of the spillway at 130 feet per second -- nearly 90 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and its contractor on the project, Kiewit Infrastructure West, have outlined a spillway rebuilding plan stretching over two construction seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11539914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11539914\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-800x543.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-1020x692.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-1920x1303.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-1180x801.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-960x651.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-375x254.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-520x353.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A technician welds a section of Utah State's Oroville spillway model. \u003ccite>(Utah State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the first season, which began in late May and is slated to last through next November -- later if weather and reservoir conditions allow -- crews will demolish and rebuild most of the lower section of the damaged concrete chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, workers will undertake a second massive project to reinforce the unpaved hillside designated as the dam's emergency spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1,730-foot concrete weir at the top of the slope and adjacent to the main spillway is designed to allow uncontrolled flows down the slope from Lake Oroville to the Feather River. The slope eroded rapidly when water flowed over the emergency weir in February, threatening to undermine the weir and unleash a catastrophic flood. DWR's concern that the weir's collapse was imminent prompted the emergency evacuation of Oroville and other communities along the Feather River -- 180,000 people in all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to stem erosion in the event the emergency spillway is pressed into service again, DWR's plan calls for building a huge \"cutoff\" wall on the slope beneath the weir. The water agency has said that work should be finished by November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the second construction season, contractors will rebuild the upper portion of the main spillway chute and build a massive concrete \"splash pad\" below the emergency weir -- another step intended to prevent erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]U[/dropcap]tah State's project is not the first time hydraulic engineers have created a model to test the design of the Oroville Dam Spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've dipped your toe into the history of the dam since February's crisis -- wondering, for instance, exactly what the engineers who designed the complex had in mind when they decided to create an emergency overflow down a bare hillside -- then you may well have stumbled onto a document labeled \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3881519-HYD-510-Bureau-of-Reclamation-Hydraulics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">HYD-510\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation produced the 189-page paper in 1965 to summarize the results of spillway design testing it had performed at the request of the California Department of Water Resources, which had puzzled over how to configure the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as a reminder, major dams need spillways to regulate the levels of the reservoirs behind them. They allow excess water to flow at a controlled rate through or around dams and prevent reservoirs from flowing over the top of the dam itself. In the case of an earthen embankment dam like Oroville, an overtopping event could erode the dam, undermine its structural integrity and lead to collapse -- a calamity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The design of the spillway at Oroville presented some special challenges, though not necessarily unique ones, because of the sheer size of the dam (you've read by this time that it's the nation's tallest) and the reservoir it would create as it held back the waters of the Feather River watershed (the reservoir, Lake Oroville, is the second-largest in the state; when it's full, it holds enough water to supply about 7 million California households for a year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now back to HYD-510.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report describes the process of testing conducted at a Bureau of Reclamation lab in Denver, and it's full of details that might never occur to the casual spillway-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, how much water the main spillway and the nearby emergency spillway were designed to handle, and under what conditions. One of the big areas of inquiry was how different configurations of the channel outside the massive spillway gates would affect the speed and turbulence of the flow heading into the spillway's concrete chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 50 years and one major spillway crisis later, Utah State's researchers are revisiting many of the same problems.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/223679839\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>nyone who contemplated the wreckage of the Oroville Dam's main spillway back in February -- either while water was pounding down the shattered concrete structure or when the flow was stopped later and the enormity of the damage \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/28/photo-gallery-whats-left-of-oroville-dams-shattered-spillway/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">was fully visible\u003c/a> -- probably had this thought cross their mind: \"That is going to be tough to fix.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the California Department of Water Resources were apparently thinking something similar. They got in touch with researchers at Utah State University as part of the process to figure out just how to approach the job of rebuilding the 3,000-foot-long concrete chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department hired the university's Water Research Laboratory to create a scale model of the spillway to help assess its condition after it breached and broke apart and to test concepts for its reconstruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we were contacted back in February, DWR had no idea what was feasible in this construction season,\" Michael Johnson, an associate professor of hydraulic engineering at Utah State, said in an interview Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11539412\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11539412\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/orovillemodel1.jpg 1215w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Johnson, a faculty member at Utah State's Water Research Laboratory, alongside the lab's scale model of the Oroville Dam spillway.The model was created to help California water officials plan for rebuilding the partially destroyed structure. \u003ccite>(Utah State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"They realized they may have to run this thing again this year, before it's finished. So part of our work was evaluating conditions for this coming season,\" Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do that, Johnson and a team of fellow researchers, engineers and technicians built a 1:50 scale model -- essentially, a replica that's 1/50th the original's size -- of the wrecked spillway. To create the very realistic 3-D model, Johnson says, the team used lidar (light detection and ranging) data from the Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lab has since created a version of the model that depicts an intact spillway. The purpose of Spillway Model 2.0 is to test design features under consideration for the rebuilt structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those features being examined on the model: aerators for the surface of the concrete chute that are designed to prevent or dampen some of the destructive effects of water that prototypes suggest can move down the steeper sections of the spillway at 130 feet per second -- nearly 90 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and its contractor on the project, Kiewit Infrastructure West, have outlined a spillway rebuilding plan stretching over two construction seasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11539914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11539914\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-800x543.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-1020x692.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-1920x1303.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-1180x801.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-960x651.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-375x254.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/IMG_9207-520x353.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A technician welds a section of Utah State's Oroville spillway model. \u003ccite>(Utah State University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the first season, which began in late May and is slated to last through next November -- later if weather and reservoir conditions allow -- crews will demolish and rebuild most of the lower section of the damaged concrete chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, workers will undertake a second massive project to reinforce the unpaved hillside designated as the dam's emergency spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 1,730-foot concrete weir at the top of the slope and adjacent to the main spillway is designed to allow uncontrolled flows down the slope from Lake Oroville to the Feather River. The slope eroded rapidly when water flowed over the emergency weir in February, threatening to undermine the weir and unleash a catastrophic flood. DWR's concern that the weir's collapse was imminent prompted the emergency evacuation of Oroville and other communities along the Feather River -- 180,000 people in all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to stem erosion in the event the emergency spillway is pressed into service again, DWR's plan calls for building a huge \"cutoff\" wall on the slope beneath the weir. The water agency has said that work should be finished by November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the second construction season, contractors will rebuild the upper portion of the main spillway chute and build a massive concrete \"splash pad\" below the emergency weir -- another step intended to prevent erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">U\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>tah State's project is not the first time hydraulic engineers have created a model to test the design of the Oroville Dam Spillway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you've dipped your toe into the history of the dam since February's crisis -- wondering, for instance, exactly what the engineers who designed the complex had in mind when they decided to create an emergency overflow down a bare hillside -- then you may well have stumbled onto a document labeled \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3881519-HYD-510-Bureau-of-Reclamation-Hydraulics.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">HYD-510\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation produced the 189-page paper in 1965 to summarize the results of spillway design testing it had performed at the request of the California Department of Water Resources, which had puzzled over how to configure the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just as a reminder, major dams need spillways to regulate the levels of the reservoirs behind them. They allow excess water to flow at a controlled rate through or around dams and prevent reservoirs from flowing over the top of the dam itself. In the case of an earthen embankment dam like Oroville, an overtopping event could erode the dam, undermine its structural integrity and lead to collapse -- a calamity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The design of the spillway at Oroville presented some special challenges, though not necessarily unique ones, because of the sheer size of the dam (you've read by this time that it's the nation's tallest) and the reservoir it would create as it held back the waters of the Feather River watershed (the reservoir, Lake Oroville, is the second-largest in the state; when it's full, it holds enough water to supply about 7 million California households for a year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now back to HYD-510.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report describes the process of testing conducted at a Bureau of Reclamation lab in Denver, and it's full of details that might never occur to the casual spillway-watcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, how much water the main spillway and the nearby emergency spillway were designed to handle, and under what conditions. One of the big areas of inquiry was how different configurations of the channel outside the massive spillway gates would affect the speed and turbulence of the flow heading into the spillway's concrete chute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 50 years and one major spillway crisis later, Utah State's researchers are revisiting many of the same problems.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook said Tuesday that it deleted about 66,000 posts a week in the last two months as the social media giant cracks down on what it considers to be hate speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said in a blog post that deleting posts can “feel like censorship,” but that it is working on explaining its process better and improving its enforcement of hate speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook said it defines hate speech as attacks on people based on their race, sexual orientation and other “protected characteristics.” The Menlo Park company said it mostly relies on its nearly 2 billion users to report any hateful posts they see. Workers then review the posts and decide whether to delete them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook Inc. said it plans to hire an additional 3,000 people in the next year to review posts. That’s on top of the 4,500 people it currently has reviewing posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has made mistakes, the company said. Last year it deleted the post of a black activist, who had posted hate mail he received that included slurs. Facebook said it restored the post and apologized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that these kinds of mistakes are deeply upsetting for the people involved and cut against the grain of everything we are trying to achieve at Facebook,” said Facebook Vice President Richard Allan, in the blog post.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook said Tuesday that it deleted about 66,000 posts a week in the last two months as the social media giant cracks down on what it considers to be hate speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said in a blog post that deleting posts can “feel like censorship,” but that it is working on explaining its process better and improving its enforcement of hate speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook said it defines hate speech as attacks on people based on their race, sexual orientation and other “protected characteristics.” The Menlo Park company said it mostly relies on its nearly 2 billion users to report any hateful posts they see. Workers then review the posts and decide whether to delete them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook Inc. said it plans to hire an additional 3,000 people in the next year to review posts. That’s on top of the 4,500 people it currently has reviewing posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has made mistakes, the company said. Last year it deleted the post of a black activist, who had posted hate mail he received that included slurs. Facebook said it restored the post and apologized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The European Commission has fined Google 2.42 billion euros ($2.72 billion) after finding that the company used its dominant search engine to drive people toward another Google product, its shopping service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What Google has done is illegal under EU antitrust rules,\" said European Commissioner for Competition Margrethe Vestager. \"It denied other companies the chance to compete on the merits and to innovate. And most importantly, it denied European consumers a genuine choice of services and the full benefits of innovation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of the fine, \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-1784_en.htm\">the European Commission said\u003c/a>, is due to \"the duration and gravity\" of Google's actions. It gave the company 90 days to change its practices and display rivals' services in the same way it displays its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.blog.google/topics/google-europe/european-commission-decision-shopping-google-story/\">Google said\u003c/a> it will review the fine and is considering an appeal. The company also defended the way it handles online shopping, saying that it connects users with advertisers \"in ways that are useful for both.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We respectfully disagree with the conclusions announced today,\" said Google general counsel Kent Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fine centers around Google's comparison shopping service — which has been known by names from Froogle and Google Product Search to Google Shopping — and its prominent display in related search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vestager said Google \"abused its market dominance ... by promoting its own comparison shopping service in its search results, and demoting those of competitors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"38esMKI4PXSLIZVAnwodwRcBK0QmFrgw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That behavior, Vestager said, went too far. While acknowledging that Google's strategy included a plan to make its shopping product better than anyone else's, she said that the way the company treated its rivals and \"systematically\" ranked its own service at or near the top of the rankings went beyond the normal scope of competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google adopted the same practice in all 13 EU countries where it unveiled its shopping service, the European Commission says, starting with Germany and the United Kingdom in 2008 and, most recently, with Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Poland and Sweden in late 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the effects of Google's strategy, the commission says that traffic to Google's comparison shopping service rose \"45-fold in the United Kingdom, 35-fold in Germany, 19-fold in France, 29-fold in the Netherlands, 17-fold in Spain and 14-fold in Italy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission says that Google's rivals saw their traffic plummet — by 85 percent in the United Kingdom, 92 percent in Germany and 80 percent in France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These sudden drops could also not be explained by other factors,\" the European body adds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+Hit+With+%242.7+Billion+Fine+By+European+Antitrust+Monitor&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The European Commission has fined Google 2.42 billion euros ($2.72 billion) after finding that the company used its dominant search engine to drive people toward another Google product, its shopping service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What Google has done is illegal under EU antitrust rules,\" said European Commissioner for Competition Margrethe Vestager. \"It denied other companies the chance to compete on the merits and to innovate. And most importantly, it denied European consumers a genuine choice of services and the full benefits of innovation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The amount of the fine, \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-17-1784_en.htm\">the European Commission said\u003c/a>, is due to \"the duration and gravity\" of Google's actions. It gave the company 90 days to change its practices and display rivals' services in the same way it displays its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.blog.google/topics/google-europe/european-commission-decision-shopping-google-story/\">Google said\u003c/a> it will review the fine and is considering an appeal. The company also defended the way it handles online shopping, saying that it connects users with advertisers \"in ways that are useful for both.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We respectfully disagree with the conclusions announced today,\" said Google general counsel Kent Walker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fine centers around Google's comparison shopping service — which has been known by names from Froogle and Google Product Search to Google Shopping — and its prominent display in related search results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vestager said Google \"abused its market dominance ... by promoting its own comparison shopping service in its search results, and demoting those of competitors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That behavior, Vestager said, went too far. While acknowledging that Google's strategy included a plan to make its shopping product better than anyone else's, she said that the way the company treated its rivals and \"systematically\" ranked its own service at or near the top of the rankings went beyond the normal scope of competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google adopted the same practice in all 13 EU countries where it unveiled its shopping service, the European Commission says, starting with Germany and the United Kingdom in 2008 and, most recently, with Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, Poland and Sweden in late 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the effects of Google's strategy, the commission says that traffic to Google's comparison shopping service rose \"45-fold in the United Kingdom, 35-fold in Germany, 19-fold in France, 29-fold in the Netherlands, 17-fold in Spain and 14-fold in Italy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission says that Google's rivals saw their traffic plummet — by 85 percent in the United Kingdom, 92 percent in Germany and 80 percent in France.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These sudden drops could also not be explained by other factors,\" the European body adds. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+Hit+With+%242.7+Billion+Fine+By+European+Antitrust+Monitor&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Isolation is Big Health Risk for Seniors. But There's Community Online",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>Originally published June 26, 2017\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Orazgul Tachmuradova, age 71, emigrated to the United States alone, about a decade ago. Learning to get around San Francisco wasn't easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“My eyes are not good, my hearing’s not good, my English is not good,” is how she puts it. Having grown up in a rural area, surrounded by family, she was “slowly dying of disconnection.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The iPad is like a genie -- Hello, Siri? Tell me this one!' \u003ccite>Orazgul Tachmuradova, 71\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“This world does not belong to me; I do not belong to this world,” she recalls feeling.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But recently, things have been looking up, thanks to a new high-tech relationship.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The iPad is like a \u003cem>genie\u003c/em>,” she says. She mimes pressing a button: “Hello, Siri? Tell me this one!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Tachmuradova and Siri started conversing during a year-long pilot project, now coming to an end, at San Francisco’s \u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"http://curryseniorcenter.org\">Curry Senior Center\u003c/a>. Seventeen s\u003c/span>eniors were given iPads, FitBits and digital scales to monitor their health, and to reduce isolation by teaching them how to socialize, learn and enjoy themselves online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> “When I started this program, I was reborn,” says Tachmuradova. “I am becoming alive! More and more now, we are busy. I don’t feel I am alone. I live alone without \u003ci>being\u003c/i> alone.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All of the program’s seniors live alone, and most are very low-income.\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Some people felt isolated, technologically-wise, because they didn't know what other people were doing on the internet,” says Angela Di Martino, who teaches the weekly class on how to use the devices. “Now I think they feel a lot more comfortable because they have that knowledge.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I live alone without \u003ci>being\u003c/i> alone.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Di Martino devoted early lessons to finding trustworthy medical information on the web, emailing your doctor and checking lab results online. Her students have also been introduced to an array of social tech tools; some of the group’s favorite are FaceTime and Skype for video chatting and Messenger for sharing photos. Many in the group use their iPads to tune in the radio or podcasts, and one has \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/MJofSanFran\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">her own YouTube channel\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The last few classes have been devoted to iPad photography, so today everyone is editing their best shots. In one corner, Marilyn Chan and Shirley Smith keep leaning over to see what’s happening on each other’s screens. Chan is polishing up a selfie of the two of them making the most of Ben & Jerry’s Free Cone Day. Across the room, Linda Rospendowski, 68, is contemplating a photo of herself in a hot pink dress. But she has a problem: The photographer has chopped off the top of her head, and she's wondering if you can digitally repair hair. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The bouffant—it has to be there,” she says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>America: Getting Old\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As baby boomers head into their 60s and 70s, advocacy groups are now exploring the benefits of this kind of tech education for seniors. Prime candidates are elderly people who live in rural areas, are estranged or live far from family, or have health or mobility problems that make it difficult to get around.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_414753\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-414753 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"386\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Linda Rospendowski, 68, and Orazgul Tachmuradova, 71, work on editing their photos. \u003ccite>(Kara Platoni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Lisa Marsh Ryerson, president of the AARP Foundation, a charitable affiliate of the advocacy group for seniors, points out that 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day. But despite their numbers, baby boomers don’t always feel like they’re aging together. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“As many as 40 percent of adults who are 65 or older say that they experience significant loneliness,” says Ryerson.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Loneliness isn’t quite the same thing as being alone, but both can influence health. “Loneliness is something that is subjective. It’s our own perception of our experiences,” says Ryerson. It is also one measure of distress. Isolation, on the other hand, is an objective metric, “based on the size of someone’s social network, the frequency of contact with their social network and their access to services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">[contextly_sidebar id=\"pJzqgRcGnSSnAs2omLf83MRF0ZoTRCKk\"]Isolation can cause health problems even for a person who feels perfectly satisfied with a small or distant network. (Imagine not knowing anyone nearby who can check on you when you’re ill.) Ryerson says isolation is often triggered by loss of hearing or mobility, a move to a new community or a partner’s death, and it’s especially common among those who are low-income or identify as a member of a marginalized group.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To address the problem, the AARP Foundation recently launched \u003ca href=\"https://connect2affect.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Connect2Affect\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a resource portal for older adults and caregivers that encourages online engagement, and includes a \u003ca href=\"https://connect2affect.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/A-Profile-of-Social-Connectedness.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">study of social connectedness among people over age 62\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://aarptek.aarp.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">AARP Academy\u003c/span>\u003c/a> also offers free online tutorials for using smartphones, tablets or social media, and for conducting job searches on the internet. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Meanwhile, the National Council on Aging completed its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncoa.org/healthy-aging/aging-mastery-program/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">two-year tablet program\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, similar to Curry’s. The result? “The more time [participants] were spending on the tablets, the stronger their social interactions, their emotional support, self-esteem,” says \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">Susan Stiles, senior director of product development and strategy for the group. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Getting Seniors Connected\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Yet enticing people online isn’t always easy. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/05/17/technology-use-among-seniors/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">study \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">released in May by the Pew Research Center\u003c/span>, while mobile device use is climbing among seniors, still only about a third own a tablet, 42 percent own smartphones, and just over half have broadband at home. Only about a third use social media.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“There were some fears going into the project,” says Stiles of the NCOA program. “People did not necessarily think that a tablet computer had any relevancy for their lives. They had privacy concerns and were afraid of potentially being exposed to scams.” (Ditto the Curry class, where people asked pointed questions about putting credit card information on their iPad and worried about being unfairly charged when ordering photo prints online.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For the NCOA program, the trick was helping users find their personal killer app. For a former taxi driver now in his 90s, it was Google Maps. Stiles recalls a colleague asking the man to name some streets on his old route. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“She zoomed in on these streets and his eyes just lit up, \" Stiles says. \"And then he wanted to go everywhere in New York City.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For a former B-movie actress, the most alluring app was YouTube, where she found her old film clips.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Tablets seem to be a nice middle ground for those who are skeptical of full-sized computers. You can use voice commands instead of struggling with a mouse or keyboard; they fit neatly into a small living space like a senior apartment; and you can use them while sitting in your favorite comfy chair. “It doesn't feel like this weighty technology object,” says Stiles. “It really feels like a book.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Designing for Seniors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Pittsburgh-based Breezie, which sells tech solutions for seniors and \u003ca href=\"https://www.breezie.com/breezie-in-action/breezie-brings-online-benefits-to-seniors-in-florida/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">partnered with the NCOA on its program\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, is trying to make Android-based devices even easier for new users by offering a service that simplifies a tablet’s interface. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“If you went right now to a Best Buy and if you bought a tablet to give to a senior, there are 43 different settings you would want to change before you make it senior-friendly,”\u003cb> \u003c/b>says CEO and founder Jeh Kazimi. He means things that Breezie can pre-adjust, like brightness and volume, consolidating logins, and making the screen more forgiving if you accidentally put your thumb on it. The company is also trying to develop a way to cancel out hand tremor for people with Parkinson's disease, because uneven pressure can make the tablet think a user is swiping when they mean to click.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_415056\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-415056\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-1020x804.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-1020x804.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-800x631.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-768x605.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-1180x930.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-960x757.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-240x189.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-375x296.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-520x410.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kaycee Springer, 65, polishes up her photo of the sun setting over San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Kara Platoni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Caregivers or Breezie staff can also curate each person’s desktop, like providing ready-made YouTube playlists for fans of jazz music or Muhammad Ali’s boxing matches. For an avid gardener, Kazimi says, they might install a few outdoorsy apps “that don’t show you ads every two minutes or ask you to upgrade every three minutes.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But tablets aren’t a foolproof platform. Kazimi has seen seniors who need stickers to label the camera, volume and charging socket, because the devices can suddenly flip screen orientation, leaving confused people holding them upside down and wondering where the buttons are. Di Martino encountered some unexpected hurdles, too, “like a couple of the men in the class didn't know how to type.” She helped get people comfortable with the touchscreen by offering styluses, which are more accurate pointing tools than fingers. And she encouraged her students to feel OK about making mistakes. “Sometimes I tell them, ‘I don’t know what that button does. Let’s hit it,’” she says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Dip in Loneliness\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The seniors in the Curry program report different feelings about living alone—for example, Kaycee Springer enjoys it and is content using video chat to keep in touch with her daughters long-distance. But she does feel a bit socially crimped in the Tenderloin, where it doesn't always seem safe to walk around, especially at night. And she knows some of her elderly neighbors are extremely withdrawn. “There are people in my building, they just lay around and do absolutely nothing,” she says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Di Martino has put together some preliminary stats from surveying participants at the program’s 6-month point. Almost all of the seniors said they used their iPad daily. As with the NCOA program, she noted a slight dip in reported loneliness. But the leaders of both projects say it’s hard to know if that stems from people making friends in class or becoming more social online. The AARP’s Ryerson says you might as well encourage both, so that technological and real-world connections reinforce each other. For example, she says, “FitBits are about taking steps. So let’s walk together.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">At the Curry Center, one other result is very clear: Now that the class is ending, nobody wants to give up their iPads. \"We just started!” exclaims Tachmuradova.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Springer still finds her tablet hard to put down: “I will put it on my bed—and then I will go, ‘\u003ci>It’s calling me\u003c/i>.’”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Di Martino says not to worry—they’re looking into a second phase that will allow everyone to keep their tablets, perhaps in exchange for peer mentoring the next round of students. Now that she’s taught them every iPad trick she knows, their new challenge will be teaching each other. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As baby boomers head into their golden years, senior advocates and organizations look for ways to use social technology tools to keep them connected to the world, and avoiding isolation and loneliness. ",
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"description": "As baby boomers head into their golden years, senior advocates and organizations look for ways to use social technology tools to keep them connected to the world, and avoiding isolation and loneliness. ",
"title": "Isolation is Big Health Risk for Seniors. But There's Community Online | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>Originally published June 26, 2017\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Orazgul Tachmuradova, age 71, emigrated to the United States alone, about a decade ago. Learning to get around San Francisco wasn't easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“My eyes are not good, my hearing’s not good, my English is not good,” is how she puts it. Having grown up in a rural area, surrounded by family, she was “slowly dying of disconnection.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The iPad is like a genie -- Hello, Siri? Tell me this one!' \u003ccite>Orazgul Tachmuradova, 71\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“This world does not belong to me; I do not belong to this world,” she recalls feeling.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But recently, things have been looking up, thanks to a new high-tech relationship.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The iPad is like a \u003cem>genie\u003c/em>,” she says. She mimes pressing a button: “Hello, Siri? Tell me this one!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Tachmuradova and Siri started conversing during a year-long pilot project, now coming to an end, at San Francisco’s \u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003ca href=\"http://curryseniorcenter.org\">Curry Senior Center\u003c/a>. Seventeen s\u003c/span>eniors were given iPads, FitBits and digital scales to monitor their health, and to reduce isolation by teaching them how to socialize, learn and enjoy themselves online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\"> “When I started this program, I was reborn,” says Tachmuradova. “I am becoming alive! More and more now, we are busy. I don’t feel I am alone. I live alone without \u003ci>being\u003c/i> alone.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">All of the program’s seniors live alone, and most are very low-income.\u003cb> \u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“Some people felt isolated, technologically-wise, because they didn't know what other people were doing on the internet,” says Angela Di Martino, who teaches the weekly class on how to use the devices. “Now I think they feel a lot more comfortable because they have that knowledge.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I live alone without \u003ci>being\u003c/i> alone.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Di Martino devoted early lessons to finding trustworthy medical information on the web, emailing your doctor and checking lab results online. Her students have also been introduced to an array of social tech tools; some of the group’s favorite are FaceTime and Skype for video chatting and Messenger for sharing photos. Many in the group use their iPads to tune in the radio or podcasts, and one has \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/MJofSanFran\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">her own YouTube channel\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The last few classes have been devoted to iPad photography, so today everyone is editing their best shots. In one corner, Marilyn Chan and Shirley Smith keep leaning over to see what’s happening on each other’s screens. Chan is polishing up a selfie of the two of them making the most of Ben & Jerry’s Free Cone Day. Across the room, Linda Rospendowski, 68, is contemplating a photo of herself in a hot pink dress. But she has a problem: The photographer has chopped off the top of her head, and she's wondering if you can digitally repair hair. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The bouffant—it has to be there,” she says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>America: Getting Old\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As baby boomers head into their 60s and 70s, advocacy groups are now exploring the benefits of this kind of tech education for seniors. Prime candidates are elderly people who live in rural areas, are estranged or live far from family, or have health or mobility problems that make it difficult to get around.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_414753\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 386px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-414753 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"386\" height=\"257\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS1_Platoni-1.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 386px) 100vw, 386px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Linda Rospendowski, 68, and Orazgul Tachmuradova, 71, work on editing their photos. \u003ccite>(Kara Platoni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Lisa Marsh Ryerson, president of the AARP Foundation, a charitable affiliate of the advocacy group for seniors, points out that 10,000 Americans turn 65 every day. But despite their numbers, baby boomers don’t always feel like they’re aging together. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“As many as 40 percent of adults who are 65 or older say that they experience significant loneliness,” says Ryerson.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Loneliness isn’t quite the same thing as being alone, but both can influence health. “Loneliness is something that is subjective. It’s our own perception of our experiences,” says Ryerson. It is also one measure of distress. Isolation, on the other hand, is an objective metric, “based on the size of someone’s social network, the frequency of contact with their social network and their access to services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Isolation can cause health problems even for a person who feels perfectly satisfied with a small or distant network. (Imagine not knowing anyone nearby who can check on you when you’re ill.) Ryerson says isolation is often triggered by loss of hearing or mobility, a move to a new community or a partner’s death, and it’s especially common among those who are low-income or identify as a member of a marginalized group.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">To address the problem, the AARP Foundation recently launched \u003ca href=\"https://connect2affect.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Connect2Affect\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, a resource portal for older adults and caregivers that encourages online engagement, and includes a \u003ca href=\"https://connect2affect.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/A-Profile-of-Social-Connectedness.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">study of social connectedness among people over age 62\u003c/span>\u003c/a>. The \u003ca href=\"https://aarptek.aarp.org/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">AARP Academy\u003c/span>\u003c/a> also offers free online tutorials for using smartphones, tablets or social media, and for conducting job searches on the internet. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p3\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Meanwhile, the National Council on Aging completed its own \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncoa.org/healthy-aging/aging-mastery-program/\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">two-year tablet program\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, similar to Curry’s. The result? “The more time [participants] were spending on the tablets, the stronger their social interactions, their emotional support, self-esteem,” says \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">Susan Stiles, senior director of product development and strategy for the group. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p5\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Getting Seniors Connected\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Yet enticing people online isn’t always easy. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/05/17/technology-use-among-seniors/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">study \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"s2\">released in May by the Pew Research Center\u003c/span>, while mobile device use is climbing among seniors, still only about a third own a tablet, 42 percent own smartphones, and just over half have broadband at home. Only about a third use social media.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“There were some fears going into the project,” says Stiles of the NCOA program. “People did not necessarily think that a tablet computer had any relevancy for their lives. They had privacy concerns and were afraid of potentially being exposed to scams.” (Ditto the Curry class, where people asked pointed questions about putting credit card information on their iPad and worried about being unfairly charged when ordering photo prints online.)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For the NCOA program, the trick was helping users find their personal killer app. For a former taxi driver now in his 90s, it was Google Maps. Stiles recalls a colleague asking the man to name some streets on his old route. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“She zoomed in on these streets and his eyes just lit up, \" Stiles says. \"And then he wanted to go everywhere in New York City.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">For a former B-movie actress, the most alluring app was YouTube, where she found her old film clips.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Tablets seem to be a nice middle ground for those who are skeptical of full-sized computers. You can use voice commands instead of struggling with a mouse or keyboard; they fit neatly into a small living space like a senior apartment; and you can use them while sitting in your favorite comfy chair. “It doesn't feel like this weighty technology object,” says Stiles. “It really feels like a book.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cstrong>Designing for Seniors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Pittsburgh-based Breezie, which sells tech solutions for seniors and \u003ca href=\"https://www.breezie.com/breezie-in-action/breezie-brings-online-benefits-to-seniors-in-florida/\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">partnered with the NCOA on its program\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, is trying to make Android-based devices even easier for new users by offering a service that simplifies a tablet’s interface. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“If you went right now to a Best Buy and if you bought a tablet to give to a senior, there are 43 different settings you would want to change before you make it senior-friendly,”\u003cb> \u003c/b>says CEO and founder Jeh Kazimi. He means things that Breezie can pre-adjust, like brightness and volume, consolidating logins, and making the screen more forgiving if you accidentally put your thumb on it. The company is also trying to develop a way to cancel out hand tremor for people with Parkinson's disease, because uneven pressure can make the tablet think a user is swiping when they mean to click.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_415056\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-415056\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-1020x804.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-1020x804.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-160x126.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-800x631.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-768x605.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-1180x930.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-960x757.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-240x189.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-375x296.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni-520x410.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/06/SENIORS15_Platoni.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kaycee Springer, 65, polishes up her photo of the sun setting over San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Kara Platoni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Caregivers or Breezie staff can also curate each person’s desktop, like providing ready-made YouTube playlists for fans of jazz music or Muhammad Ali’s boxing matches. For an avid gardener, Kazimi says, they might install a few outdoorsy apps “that don’t show you ads every two minutes or ask you to upgrade every three minutes.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But tablets aren’t a foolproof platform. Kazimi has seen seniors who need stickers to label the camera, volume and charging socket, because the devices can suddenly flip screen orientation, leaving confused people holding them upside down and wondering where the buttons are. Di Martino encountered some unexpected hurdles, too, “like a couple of the men in the class didn't know how to type.” She helped get people comfortable with the touchscreen by offering styluses, which are more accurate pointing tools than fingers. And she encouraged her students to feel OK about making mistakes. “Sometimes I tell them, ‘I don’t know what that button does. Let’s hit it,’” she says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p2\">\u003cstrong>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Dip in Loneliness\u003c/span>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The seniors in the Curry program report different feelings about living alone—for example, Kaycee Springer enjoys it and is content using video chat to keep in touch with her daughters long-distance. But she does feel a bit socially crimped in the Tenderloin, where it doesn't always seem safe to walk around, especially at night. And she knows some of her elderly neighbors are extremely withdrawn. “There are people in my building, they just lay around and do absolutely nothing,” she says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Di Martino has put together some preliminary stats from surveying participants at the program’s 6-month point. Almost all of the seniors said they used their iPad daily. As with the NCOA program, she noted a slight dip in reported loneliness. But the leaders of both projects say it’s hard to know if that stems from people making friends in class or becoming more social online. The AARP’s Ryerson says you might as well encourage both, so that technological and real-world connections reinforce each other. For example, she says, “FitBits are about taking steps. So let’s walk together.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">At the Curry Center, one other result is very clear: Now that the class is ending, nobody wants to give up their iPads. \"We just started!” exclaims Tachmuradova.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Springer still finds her tablet hard to put down: “I will put it on my bed—and then I will go, ‘\u003ci>It’s calling me\u003c/i>.’”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Di Martino says not to worry—they’re looking into a second phase that will allow everyone to keep their tablets, perhaps in exchange for peer mentoring the next round of students. Now that she’s taught them every iPad trick she knows, their new challenge will be teaching each other. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tim Westergren, the co-founder and CEO of the music streaming service Pandora, plans to step down from his post, according to reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/6/25/15871686/pandora-ceo-tim-westergren-steps-down-sirius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recode reported Sunday\u003c/a> that Westergren, who took the reins of the Oakland-based company again last year after a three-year break, does not have a replacement CEO lined up. Westergren is expected to stay in the post until a suitable candidate has been found, according to Recode’s sources. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded in 2000 as a way to \u003ca href=\"https://thehustle.co/pandora-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">provide individualized “radio stations” based on musical preferences\u003c/a>, Pandora was an early streaming music provider that eventually attracted 80 million subscribers, thanks to its free web-based service. The company also made headlines for being aggressive in securing affordable streaming rights, sometimes at the expense of the artists behind the music on the site. In 2013, after a public campaign by opponents, Pandora \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/pandoras-price/Content?oid=3789202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stopped pushing for legislation\u003c/a> that would slash royalty payments to artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of streaming music options having multiplied, with Spotify, Apple, Amazon and Tidal, Pandora \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/06/26/technology/pandora-ceo-tim-westergren/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has struggled\u003c/a>. In March of this year, Pandora unveiled “\u003ca href=\"https://www.engadget.com/2017/03/13/pandora-premium-music-streaming-hands-on/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandora Premium\u003c/a>,” its conversion of the Rdio app that Pandora \u003ca href=\"https://www.engadget.com/2015/11/16/pandora-buying-rdio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquired in 2015\u003c/a>. Last month, it appeared possible that Pandora would be bought out by Sirius XM; instead, the satellite radio service \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7825618/siriusxm-buy-480m-stake-pandora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought a stake\u003c/a> in Pandora for $480 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westergren served as Pandora’s CEO from 2002 to 2013 before being replaced by Brian McAndrews, a former product manager at General Mills Inc. Westergren took back the role in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from Pandora have yet to comment on the reports of Westergren’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tim Westergren, the co-founder and CEO of the music streaming service Pandora, plans to step down from his post, according to reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/6/25/15871686/pandora-ceo-tim-westergren-steps-down-sirius\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Recode reported Sunday\u003c/a> that Westergren, who took the reins of the Oakland-based company again last year after a three-year break, does not have a replacement CEO lined up. Westergren is expected to stay in the post until a suitable candidate has been found, according to Recode’s sources. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Founded in 2000 as a way to \u003ca href=\"https://thehustle.co/pandora-speech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">provide individualized “radio stations” based on musical preferences\u003c/a>, Pandora was an early streaming music provider that eventually attracted 80 million subscribers, thanks to its free web-based service. The company also made headlines for being aggressive in securing affordable streaming rights, sometimes at the expense of the artists behind the music on the site. In 2013, after a public campaign by opponents, Pandora \u003ca href=\"https://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/pandoras-price/Content?oid=3789202\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stopped pushing for legislation\u003c/a> that would slash royalty payments to artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of streaming music options having multiplied, with Spotify, Apple, Amazon and Tidal, Pandora \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/06/26/technology/pandora-ceo-tim-westergren/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has struggled\u003c/a>. In March of this year, Pandora unveiled “\u003ca href=\"https://www.engadget.com/2017/03/13/pandora-premium-music-streaming-hands-on/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandora Premium\u003c/a>,” its conversion of the Rdio app that Pandora \u003ca href=\"https://www.engadget.com/2015/11/16/pandora-buying-rdio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">acquired in 2015\u003c/a>. Last month, it appeared possible that Pandora would be bought out by Sirius XM; instead, the satellite radio service \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7825618/siriusxm-buy-480m-stake-pandora\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bought a stake\u003c/a> in Pandora for $480 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Westergren served as Pandora’s CEO from 2002 to 2013 before being replaced by Brian McAndrews, a former product manager at General Mills Inc. Westergren took back the role in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California saw installation of rooftop solar panels plummet during the first three months of this year, according to new data from a clean-energy analyst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/is-californias-weak-q1-a-sign-of-residential-solars-future\">numbers\u003c/a> from Greentech Media (GTM) show residential solar installations in California fell more than 30 percent in the first quarter, compared to the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also captured its smallest share ever of national solar installations in the first quarter -- 35 percent versus 42 percent in the first quarter of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, national installations fell 11 percent with the drop in California -- the leading state for solar energy -- playing a major role. Austin Perea, a solar analyst with GTM, predicts the decline in installations will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are anticipating annual installations in California to drop in 2017, really for the first time since we've been tracking the market,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"7hn8O1TSpyo9aFuf4qnAaFc5LCMtrZub\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perea said some of the drop in installations has to do with the new way solar is sold. Big installers are now pushing homeowners to buy panels themselves rather than leasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Installers are betting that the new business model will yield bigger profits because they plan to take on the role of lender, offering homeowners financing to buy the panels. Under the old model, revenue came from lease payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very easy way to get solar onto rooftops, but it isn't great from a cash-flow perspective,\" Perea said of the old model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panel leasing made up 50 percent of solar sales at the beginning of 2016 -- but today, it's dropped to 35 percent. Perea says the new system is meant to bring in more revenue for the companies, but right now it's costing them sales instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California is ground zero for the outcome of these changes. \"When we see such an outsized reduction from these large national installers, it really has an outsized impact on the state,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is also switching to a new formula by which utilities rebate solar homes for excess energy they send to the grid. The new formula will likely reduce those rebates, making solar panels less attractive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"2CdkSG2DXJJjshFcGyUSjSIu8jV7kY46\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar homes will likely receive less money for excess energy sent in the mornings and evenings, so-called time-of-use rates. These rates are still being figured out by utility companies, so solar installers can't quote them to potential customers -- which might be turning them away, Perea explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New solar customers will also pay a one-time \"interconnection fee\" of between $75 and $150 -- depending on the utility -- to connect solar panels to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And new \"non-bypassable charges\" will add 2 to 3 cents per kilowatt hour of energy that solar residents buy from their utility company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet part of the dip in installations in the first quarter can also be explained by rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The past winter's storms made it harder to both install and sell solar panels, said Bernadette del Chiaro, executive director of the California Solar Energy Industries Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're in the construction industry, that actually puts a damper on the ability to get up on a roof and make an installation happen,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with lower rates in the first quarter, California still made up more than a third of national solar installations, according to GTM.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California saw installation of rooftop solar panels plummet during the first three months of this year, according to new data from a clean-energy analyst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.greentechmedia.com/articles/read/is-californias-weak-q1-a-sign-of-residential-solars-future\">numbers\u003c/a> from Greentech Media (GTM) show residential solar installations in California fell more than 30 percent in the first quarter, compared to the same period last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state also captured its smallest share ever of national solar installations in the first quarter -- 35 percent versus 42 percent in the first quarter of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, national installations fell 11 percent with the drop in California -- the leading state for solar energy -- playing a major role. Austin Perea, a solar analyst with GTM, predicts the decline in installations will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are anticipating annual installations in California to drop in 2017, really for the first time since we've been tracking the market,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perea said some of the drop in installations has to do with the new way solar is sold. Big installers are now pushing homeowners to buy panels themselves rather than leasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Installers are betting that the new business model will yield bigger profits because they plan to take on the role of lender, offering homeowners financing to buy the panels. Under the old model, revenue came from lease payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a very easy way to get solar onto rooftops, but it isn't great from a cash-flow perspective,\" Perea said of the old model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Panel leasing made up 50 percent of solar sales at the beginning of 2016 -- but today, it's dropped to 35 percent. Perea says the new system is meant to bring in more revenue for the companies, but right now it's costing them sales instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And California is ground zero for the outcome of these changes. \"When we see such an outsized reduction from these large national installers, it really has an outsized impact on the state,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is also switching to a new formula by which utilities rebate solar homes for excess energy they send to the grid. The new formula will likely reduce those rebates, making solar panels less attractive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar homes will likely receive less money for excess energy sent in the mornings and evenings, so-called time-of-use rates. These rates are still being figured out by utility companies, so solar installers can't quote them to potential customers -- which might be turning them away, Perea explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New solar customers will also pay a one-time \"interconnection fee\" of between $75 and $150 -- depending on the utility -- to connect solar panels to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And new \"non-bypassable charges\" will add 2 to 3 cents per kilowatt hour of energy that solar residents buy from their utility company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet part of the dip in installations in the first quarter can also be explained by rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The past winter's storms made it harder to both install and sell solar panels, said Bernadette del Chiaro, executive director of the California Solar Energy Industries Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're in the construction industry, that actually puts a damper on the ability to get up on a roof and make an installation happen,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with lower rates in the first quarter, California still made up more than a third of national solar installations, according to GTM.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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