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"disqusTitle": "Facebook Faces Growing Scrutiny Over Election-Related Russian Ads",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook is under increasing pressure to scrutinize its advertising content after the social network discovered that at least 3,000 ads on the site had been placed by a Russian agency to influence the 2016 presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations about the ads came after months of denial by CEO Mark Zuckerberg that Facebook played any role in influencing voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As has been widely reported, the pressure on the company began shortly after the 2016 election. But Zuckerberg rejected the idea that fake news on the network \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">had any impact\u003c/a> on voters. He called that a \"crazy idea\" and said \"voters make decisions based on their lived experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at a conference in Lima, Peru, shortly after the election, then-\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/obama-tried-to-give-zuckerberg-a-wake-up-call-over-fake-news-on-facebook/2017/09/24/15d19b12-ddac-4ad5-ac6e-ef909e1c1284_story.html?utm_term=.f99c50990e7a\">President Barack Obama \u003c/a>pulled Zuckerberg aside and made a personal appeal to him to take the threat of fake news seriously because it wasn't going away and would return again to haunt the next election, \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., also had conversations with the company trying to push Facebook to look carefully at activity on the site leading up to the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, Zuckerberg said security experts at Facebook had found no evidence of Russians involved in fake news. Then, last week Facebook said it would \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/21/552729279/facebook-to-turn-over-3000-ads-to-congress-in-russian-election-interference-prob\">turn over the content of ads to Congress\u003c/a> it said had been placed by a Russian agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of a hacking group connected to Russia's military intelligence unit, the GRU, began creating fake Facebook accounts as early as June 2016 to amplify stolen emails from the Democratic National Committee, the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>reported. According to the \u003cem>Post,\u003c/em> some of those ads specifically sought to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/russian-operatives-used-facebook-ads-to-exploit-divisions-over-black-political-activism-and-muslims/2017/09/25/4a011242-a21b-11e7-ade1-76d061d56efa_story.html?utm_term=.25d84e6b9dfa\">deepen disagreements\u003c/a> about Muslims and the Black Lives Matter movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a live video, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104052907253171\">Zuckerberg announced \u003c/a>a series of reforms meant to guard against international agents trying to influence voters. He announced changes to the way political ads would be placed. Advertisers will be required to disclose who sponsored their ads. Users will be able to see an advertiser's webpage, who is behind an ad, what other ads they've sponsored and who else is being targeted. This should enable users to understand the deeper motivations of an advertiser. The company is also adding 250 employees to focus on election integrity and security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Zuckerberg also admitted, \"I wish I could tell you we're going to be able to stop all interference, but that wouldn't be realistic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is especially hard to catch bad actors because of the way that Facebook's advertising model works. Before the Internet, there were human salespeople who sold ads and did the placements. Now, the process is automated. An advertiser signs up online and pays money to target a specific kind of user — say, someone who lives in a certain area and is interested in leather shoes. That makes it much easier for bad actors like Russia to outsmart the computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a problem not only at Facebook but at most tech companies — including Google and Microsoft. In fact, lawmakers are beginning to think these companies need more government oversight around political advertising, which has been true for other media for decades. A company like Facebook is virtually a monopoly. Close to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/11/11/social-media-update-2016/pi_2016-11-11_social-media-update_0-02/\">70 percent of Americans \u003c/a>use the social network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Democrats have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/21/facebook-to-release-russian-purchased-ads-linked-to-2016-election-242982\">crafting legislation\u003c/a> that would require Internet companies to disclose the names of individuals and organizations that spend more than $10,000 on election-related ads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undoubtedly, the fear of being regulated is part of why Facebook is trying to take the lead now on the issue of fake news on the site. Google and other tech companies are likely to lobby hard against any regulations. However, congressional deadlock could be on their side since Congress hasn't been passing much of anything lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Facebook pays NPR and many other media companies to create video content on the site.)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook is under increasing pressure to scrutinize its advertising content after the social network discovered that at least 3,000 ads on the site had been placed by a Russian agency to influence the 2016 presidential election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations about the ads came after months of denial by CEO Mark Zuckerberg that Facebook played any role in influencing voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As has been widely reported, the pressure on the company began shortly after the 2016 election. But Zuckerberg rejected the idea that fake news on the network \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">had any impact\u003c/a> on voters. He called that a \"crazy idea\" and said \"voters make decisions based on their lived experience.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at a conference in Lima, Peru, shortly after the election, then-\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/obama-tried-to-give-zuckerberg-a-wake-up-call-over-fake-news-on-facebook/2017/09/24/15d19b12-ddac-4ad5-ac6e-ef909e1c1284_story.html?utm_term=.f99c50990e7a\">President Barack Obama \u003c/a>pulled Zuckerberg aside and made a personal appeal to him to take the threat of fake news seriously because it wasn't going away and would return again to haunt the next election, \u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em> reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner, D-Va., also had conversations with the company trying to push Facebook to look carefully at activity on the site leading up to the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, Zuckerberg said security experts at Facebook had found no evidence of Russians involved in fake news. Then, last week Facebook said it would \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/09/21/552729279/facebook-to-turn-over-3000-ads-to-congress-in-russian-election-interference-prob\">turn over the content of ads to Congress\u003c/a> it said had been placed by a Russian agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of a hacking group connected to Russia's military intelligence unit, the GRU, began creating fake Facebook accounts as early as June 2016 to amplify stolen emails from the Democratic National Committee, the \u003cem>Post \u003c/em>reported. According to the \u003cem>Post,\u003c/em> some of those ads specifically sought to \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/business/technology/russian-operatives-used-facebook-ads-to-exploit-divisions-over-black-political-activism-and-muslims/2017/09/25/4a011242-a21b-11e7-ade1-76d061d56efa_story.html?utm_term=.25d84e6b9dfa\">deepen disagreements\u003c/a> about Muslims and the Black Lives Matter movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a live video, \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10104052907253171\">Zuckerberg announced \u003c/a>a series of reforms meant to guard against international agents trying to influence voters. He announced changes to the way political ads would be placed. Advertisers will be required to disclose who sponsored their ads. Users will be able to see an advertiser's webpage, who is behind an ad, what other ads they've sponsored and who else is being targeted. This should enable users to understand the deeper motivations of an advertiser. The company is also adding 250 employees to focus on election integrity and security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Zuckerberg also admitted, \"I wish I could tell you we're going to be able to stop all interference, but that wouldn't be realistic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is especially hard to catch bad actors because of the way that Facebook's advertising model works. Before the Internet, there were human salespeople who sold ads and did the placements. Now, the process is automated. An advertiser signs up online and pays money to target a specific kind of user — say, someone who lives in a certain area and is interested in leather shoes. That makes it much easier for bad actors like Russia to outsmart the computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a problem not only at Facebook but at most tech companies — including Google and Microsoft. In fact, lawmakers are beginning to think these companies need more government oversight around political advertising, which has been true for other media for decades. A company like Facebook is virtually a monopoly. Close to \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/11/11/social-media-update-2016/pi_2016-11-11_social-media-update_0-02/\">70 percent of Americans \u003c/a>use the social network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Democrats have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/09/21/facebook-to-release-russian-purchased-ads-linked-to-2016-election-242982\">crafting legislation\u003c/a> that would require Internet companies to disclose the names of individuals and organizations that spend more than $10,000 on election-related ads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undoubtedly, the fear of being regulated is part of why Facebook is trying to take the lead now on the issue of fake news on the site. Google and other tech companies are likely to lobby hard against any regulations. However, congressional deadlock could be on their side since Congress hasn't been passing much of anything lately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Facebook pays NPR and many other media companies to create video content on the site.)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have edited the DNA in human embryos to make a fundamental discovery about the earliest days of human development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By modifying a key gene in very early-stage embryos, the researchers demonstrated that a gene plays a crucial role in making sure embryos develop normally, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding might someday lead to new ways for doctors to help \u003ca href=\"Understanding%20early%20human%20embryonic%20development%20is%20of%20great%20importance,%20and%20gene%20editing%20is%20a%20powerful%20tool%20to%20answer%20questions%20that%20will%20ultimately%20improve%20human%20health\">infertile couples\u003c/a> have children, and could aid future efforts to use embryonic \u003ca href=\"https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/1.htm\">stem cells\u003c/a> to treat incurable diseases, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DxiouDx6uOtnloxxAdrx1bpm338DaD5e\"]The work also provides the first direct evidence that manipulating DNA in human embryos can yield insights into how a single cell becomes a complex human. That has been the major justification for allowing scientists to change human DNA in ways that could be passed town to future generations, a step that had long been considered off limits because of fears about safety and opening the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proof of principle lays out a framework for future investigations that could transform our understanding of human biology,\" the researchers write in \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature24033\">reporting\u003c/a> their findings in the journal \u003cem>Nature \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That statement was seconded by other scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It opens up a new area of research,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://vesta.cumc.columbia.edu/stemcell/facdb/profile/profile.php?id=de2220\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, a Columbia University biologist who studies stem cells and was not involved in the study. \"Understanding early human embryonic development is of great importance, and gene-editing is a powerful tool to answer questions that will ultimately improve human health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"eUKe54zdnORrdRfzHHEn5FhZ3YPM6Geu\"]But the research is renewing a long, intense debate about whether it's ethical to make changes in the genes in eggs, sperm or very early embryos that would be passed down to succeeding generations. While using gene editing for basic research about human development may be useful, critics worry it could lead to attempts to create genetically modified babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concerns are that we would be opening the door to fertility clinics vying to offer gene-editing to make future children taller or stronger or whatever they wanted to market,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetics watchdog group. \"That could put us into a situation where some children were perceived to be biologically superior to other children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study comes just weeks after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/18/543769759/a-first-look-inside-the-lab-where-scientists-are-editing-dna-in-human-embryos\">another team\u003c/a> of scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/02/540975224/scientists-precisely-edit-dna-in-human-embryos-to-fix-a-disease-gene\">reported\u003c/a> the group had for the first time edited the DNA in human embryos to correct a genetic defect that causes a heart disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research was led by \u003ca href=\"https://www.crick.ac.uk/kathy-niakan\">Kathy Niakan, \u003c/a>a developmental biologist at the Francis Crick Institute in London. Niakan's team used a powerful gene-editing technique known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/419142387/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to disable a gene that produces a protein known as OCT4. The procedure was performed in 41 embryos donated by women undergoing treatment for infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, more than 80 percent of the embryos with the disabled gene failed to develop into a blastocyst, a ball of 200 cells that is the stage when embryos are usually implanted into the womb during in vitro fertilization (\u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm\">IVF\u003c/a>). Many cases of infertility occur because embryos fail to reach this stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That tells us that OCT4 is really important for the development of a human blastocyst,\" Niakan told reporters during a briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By understanding the key genes that are involved in the development of the blastocyst, this can really inform our understanding of this important, critical window of human development,\" Niakan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiments also show that the gene is involved in forming the cells that eventually become the placenta, the organ that nourishes a developing embryo in the womb, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, OCT4 helps embryonic stem cells specialize into various tissues, which could help scientists figure out how to turn stem cells into replacement cells, tissues and perhaps entire organs to treat diseases, Niakan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unexpected finding, the researchers discovered the gene functions differently in human embryos than in mouse embryos. That shows the need for experiments on human embryos and not just animal embryos, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is opening up the possibility of using a really powerful, precise genetics tool to understand gene function,\" Niakan says. \"We would have never gained this insight had we not really studied the function of this gene in human embryos.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Doudna, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who led efforts to develop CRISPR, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the most fundamental aspects of becoming human is, how do egg and sperm cells combine to form embryos that develop into a person?\" \u003ca href=\"http://rna.berkeley.edu/\">Doudna \u003c/a>says. \"So understanding the genetic basis for that is, in my view, one of the fundamental aspects of developmental biology — or all of biology in a way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Chinese scientists sparked an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=401655818\">uproar\u003c/a> when they reported attempts to use CRISPR to edit human embryos. And in 2016, the British government approved editing of human embryos for research purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the British government's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/01/465180953/british-scientists-gain-approval-to-edit-dna-in-human-embryos\">approval\u003c/a>, Niakan began her experiments. Scientists in Sweden have begun \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about-npr/494863809/npr-exclusive-report-stockholm-lab-first-to-try-to-edit-dna-of-healthy-human-emb\">similar research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/14/514580162/scientific-panel-says-editing-heritable-human-genes-could-be-ok-in-the-future\">concluded \u003c/a>that editing DNA in humans could be permissible in certain circumstances. That has critics like Darnovsky worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a world already plagued by distressing levels of inequality, that seems like a very bad idea,\" Darnovsky says. \"We don't want to add ideas that some people are biologically better and some people are biologically inferior to others. That is an idea that has led to horrific abuses throughout history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Niakan defends the work, saying she is only interested in making fundamental discoveries about basic human biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As with any technology, as with any tool, it can be used for a variety of different purposes,\" Niakan says. \"We're choosing to use it to uncover critical roles of genes in development that can increase our knowledge about how human embryos develop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Editing+Embryo+DNA+Yields+Clues+About+Early+Human+Development&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For the first time, scientists have edited the DNA in human embryos to make a fundamental discovery about the earliest days of human development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By modifying a key gene in very early-stage embryos, the researchers demonstrated that a gene plays a crucial role in making sure embryos develop normally, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding might someday lead to new ways for doctors to help \u003ca href=\"Understanding%20early%20human%20embryonic%20development%20is%20of%20great%20importance,%20and%20gene%20editing%20is%20a%20powerful%20tool%20to%20answer%20questions%20that%20will%20ultimately%20improve%20human%20health\">infertile couples\u003c/a> have children, and could aid future efforts to use embryonic \u003ca href=\"https://stemcells.nih.gov/info/basics/1.htm\">stem cells\u003c/a> to treat incurable diseases, the researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The work also provides the first direct evidence that manipulating DNA in human embryos can yield insights into how a single cell becomes a complex human. That has been the major justification for allowing scientists to change human DNA in ways that could be passed town to future generations, a step that had long been considered off limits because of fears about safety and opening the door to \"designer babies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proof of principle lays out a framework for future investigations that could transform our understanding of human biology,\" the researchers write in \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature24033\">reporting\u003c/a> their findings in the journal \u003cem>Nature \u003c/em>on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That statement was seconded by other scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It opens up a new area of research,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://vesta.cumc.columbia.edu/stemcell/facdb/profile/profile.php?id=de2220\">Dietrich Egli\u003c/a>, a Columbia University biologist who studies stem cells and was not involved in the study. \"Understanding early human embryonic development is of great importance, and gene-editing is a powerful tool to answer questions that will ultimately improve human health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But the research is renewing a long, intense debate about whether it's ethical to make changes in the genes in eggs, sperm or very early embryos that would be passed down to succeeding generations. While using gene editing for basic research about human development may be useful, critics worry it could lead to attempts to create genetically modified babies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The concerns are that we would be opening the door to fertility clinics vying to offer gene-editing to make future children taller or stronger or whatever they wanted to market,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.geneticsandsociety.org/user/25\">Marcy Darnovsky\u003c/a>, who heads the Center for Genetics and Society, a genetics watchdog group. \"That could put us into a situation where some children were perceived to be biologically superior to other children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study comes just weeks after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/18/543769759/a-first-look-inside-the-lab-where-scientists-are-editing-dna-in-human-embryos\">another team\u003c/a> of scientists \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/02/540975224/scientists-precisely-edit-dna-in-human-embryos-to-fix-a-disease-gene\">reported\u003c/a> the group had for the first time edited the DNA in human embryos to correct a genetic defect that causes a heart disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research was led by \u003ca href=\"https://www.crick.ac.uk/kathy-niakan\">Kathy Niakan, \u003c/a>a developmental biologist at the Francis Crick Institute in London. Niakan's team used a powerful gene-editing technique known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/tags/419142387/crispr\">CRISPR\u003c/a> to disable a gene that produces a protein known as OCT4. The procedure was performed in 41 embryos donated by women undergoing treatment for infertility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, more than 80 percent of the embryos with the disabled gene failed to develop into a blastocyst, a ball of 200 cells that is the stage when embryos are usually implanted into the womb during in vitro fertilization (\u003ca href=\"https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007279.htm\">IVF\u003c/a>). Many cases of infertility occur because embryos fail to reach this stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That tells us that OCT4 is really important for the development of a human blastocyst,\" Niakan told reporters during a briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"By understanding the key genes that are involved in the development of the blastocyst, this can really inform our understanding of this important, critical window of human development,\" Niakan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experiments also show that the gene is involved in forming the cells that eventually become the placenta, the organ that nourishes a developing embryo in the womb, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, OCT4 helps embryonic stem cells specialize into various tissues, which could help scientists figure out how to turn stem cells into replacement cells, tissues and perhaps entire organs to treat diseases, Niakan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unexpected finding, the researchers discovered the gene functions differently in human embryos than in mouse embryos. That shows the need for experiments on human embryos and not just animal embryos, the scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is opening up the possibility of using a really powerful, precise genetics tool to understand gene function,\" Niakan says. \"We would have never gained this insight had we not really studied the function of this gene in human embryos.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Doudna, a biologist at the University of California, Berkeley, who led efforts to develop CRISPR, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One of the most fundamental aspects of becoming human is, how do egg and sperm cells combine to form embryos that develop into a person?\" \u003ca href=\"http://rna.berkeley.edu/\">Doudna \u003c/a>says. \"So understanding the genetic basis for that is, in my view, one of the fundamental aspects of developmental biology — or all of biology in a way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, Chinese scientists sparked an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=401655818\">uproar\u003c/a> when they reported attempts to use CRISPR to edit human embryos. And in 2016, the British government approved editing of human embryos for research purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the British government's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/01/465180953/british-scientists-gain-approval-to-edit-dna-in-human-embryos\">approval\u003c/a>, Niakan began her experiments. Scientists in Sweden have begun \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about-npr/494863809/npr-exclusive-report-stockholm-lab-first-to-try-to-edit-dna-of-healthy-human-emb\">similar research\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/02/14/514580162/scientific-panel-says-editing-heritable-human-genes-could-be-ok-in-the-future\">concluded \u003c/a>that editing DNA in humans could be permissible in certain circumstances. That has critics like Darnovsky worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In a world already plagued by distressing levels of inequality, that seems like a very bad idea,\" Darnovsky says. \"We don't want to add ideas that some people are biologically better and some people are biologically inferior to others. That is an idea that has led to horrific abuses throughout history.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Niakan defends the work, saying she is only interested in making fundamental discoveries about basic human biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As with any technology, as with any tool, it can be used for a variety of different purposes,\" Niakan says. \"We're choosing to use it to uncover critical roles of genes in development that can increase our knowledge about how human embryos develop.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Editing+Embryo+DNA+Yields+Clues+About+Early+Human+Development&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>Update, October 16, 2017:\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gov. Jerry Brown last night signed into law the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that legalizes a method of disposing of human remains commonly called 'water cremation.' \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method doesn't actually use water, but uses a chemical that speeds up decomposition of bodies and leaves behind only sterile water, bones, and medical implants or devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new law establishes procedures for licensing and regulating mortuaries or other companies that aim to adopt the method, to be overseen by the Cemetery and Funeral Bureau within the state Department of Consumer Affairs. \u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say water cremation offers a green alternative to traditional cremation or burial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story, July 24, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may not equate death with climate change, but disposing of human remains leaves a fairly hefty \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">carbon footprint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Supporters of a California bill allowing dead bodies to be dissolved in a hot chemical bath are hoping to overcome the 'ick factor.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Cremation is really what people hold up as the environmentally friendly option,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.caitlindoughty.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caitlin Doughty\u003c/a>, a mortician in Los Angeles. “It’s better than the whole rigmarole of formaldehyde and chemicals and big caskets that go into the more traditional funeral industry, but it still releases mercury into the air, and it uses a whole ton of natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, Doughty says, cemeteries monopolize land, an increasingly precious resource as the population grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the growing popularity of a green alternative, known as water cremation, bio-cremation or flameless cremation. Basically, the body is dissolved in a hot chemical bath, leaving a sterile solution that can be flushed down the drain. The carbon footprint of this process is just a quarter of traditional fire cremation because it uses so much less energy; and only a sixth of a burial because it doesn't require the materials for concrete headstones, mahogany caskets or the chemicals used in embalming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are considering a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that would legalize water cremation. In the last decade, two previous efforts have failed, although the process has been approved in 14 other states, including neighboring Nevada. This year, a third attempt is gaining momentum in California, progressing further in the Legislature than the previous bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not an Acid Bath\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s only one place in California where bodies are currently dissolved — legally, at least. That would be a chilly lab at UCLA, where cadavers that have outlived their usefulness at the medical school end up. The room smells a little like shellfish, which I think might be the smell of melted flesh. But the guy in charge, Dean Fisher, laughs at that notion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This just leaves us questioning. Why did part of grandma go to the waste treatment plant?'\u003ccite>Ned Dolejsi, Catholic Church spokesman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fisher, the head of the university's \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/donatedbody/default.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Donated Body Program,\u003c/a> explains that I'm sniffing potassium hydroxide\u003cb>,\u003c/b> a base, and the chemical of choice for liquefying bodies, because it catalyzes the hydrogen in water to more rapidly attack the chemical bonds between molecules in the body. (The process is technically called\u003cem> alkaline hydrolysis.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, it's not an acid at all,\" said Fisher. \"Some people say this is an acid bath, and they're wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potassium hydroxide is found in the Earth's crust — and in many household cleaning products. It's the same chemical that breaks down or composts organic matter in dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, like, if you were to bury a body in soil, all we're doing is we're speeding that up,\" says Fisher. \"We're adding heat to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_428986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-428986 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-768x575.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-520x389.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine.jpg 1893w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCLA's Dean Fisher opens an alkaline hydrolysis machine that can dissolve bodies. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Whirlpool for the Dead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is applied inside a shiny stainless-steel chamber, about the size of a large van. The front of the machine has a circular hatch, modeled after a submarine door. The hatch leads to a dark tunnel where cadavers are heated to 302 degrees and then bathed in 270 gallons of liquid for three to four hours. That's about twice as long as the time required for a fire cremation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost varies widely in the U.S., depending on location, but typically, funeral homes charge $150-$500 more for a water cremation than for one done with flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's usually left at the end of the process is a tray scattered with clean white bones, and maybe some items of medical hardware. Fisher shows me an example when he opens the door, revealing the remains of a dissolved male body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pacemaker in there,\" says Fisher. \"There’s a couple of prosthetics. It looks like he’s had a hip replacement, and it looks like he’s had a knee replacement, also.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the metal in these parts can be recycled, and everything left over is sterile. Nothing organic survives during a water cremation. No bacteria — not even a strand of DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bones will be pulverized into a white powder that can be placed in an urn, just like the ashes in a traditional cremation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_429008\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-429008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pulverized bones from a water cremation ready to be placed inside an urn. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From a cupboard nearby, Fisher holds up a tooth with a mercury filling. The silver molar demonstrates part of why water is more eco-friendly than flame. When you burn a body, the toxic mercury in dental fillings vaporizes and escapes into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ick Factor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water cremation proved a tough sell the last two times legalization was tried in California. There's an inherent ick factor: You’re reducing loved ones to a chemical broth that swirls down the drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This just leaves us questioning,\" said Ned Dolejsi, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cacatholic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Catholic Conference\u003c/a>. \"Why did part of grandma go to the waste treatment plant?”\u003cb> \u003c/b>He says water cremation isn't inherently wrong, but it also doesn’t treat life — or death — with dignity and respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed bill sailed through the Assembly in June. Now it's before the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bill is made law, water cremation will be available in California starting in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>Update, October 16, 2017:\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Gov. Jerry Brown last night signed into law the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that legalizes a method of disposing of human remains commonly called 'water cremation.' \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method doesn't actually use water, but uses a chemical that speeds up decomposition of bodies and leaves behind only sterile water, bones, and medical implants or devices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new law establishes procedures for licensing and regulating mortuaries or other companies that aim to adopt the method, to be overseen by the Cemetery and Funeral Bureau within the state Department of Consumer Affairs. \u003c/span>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters say water cremation offers a green alternative to traditional cremation or burial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story, July 24, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You may not equate death with climate change, but disposing of human remains leaves a fairly hefty \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/carbon-footprint-calculator/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">carbon footprint\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Supporters of a California bill allowing dead bodies to be dissolved in a hot chemical bath are hoping to overcome the 'ick factor.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Cremation is really what people hold up as the environmentally friendly option,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.caitlindoughty.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caitlin Doughty\u003c/a>, a mortician in Los Angeles. “It’s better than the whole rigmarole of formaldehyde and chemicals and big caskets that go into the more traditional funeral industry, but it still releases mercury into the air, and it uses a whole ton of natural gas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, Doughty says, cemeteries monopolize land, an increasingly precious resource as the population grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hence the growing popularity of a green alternative, known as water cremation, bio-cremation or flameless cremation. Basically, the body is dissolved in a hot chemical bath, leaving a sterile solution that can be flushed down the drain. The carbon footprint of this process is just a quarter of traditional fire cremation because it uses so much less energy; and only a sixth of a burial because it doesn't require the materials for concrete headstones, mahogany caskets or the chemicals used in embalming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are considering a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB967\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bill\u003c/a> that would legalize water cremation. In the last decade, two previous efforts have failed, although the process has been approved in 14 other states, including neighboring Nevada. This year, a third attempt is gaining momentum in California, progressing further in the Legislature than the previous bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Not an Acid Bath\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s only one place in California where bodies are currently dissolved — legally, at least. That would be a chilly lab at UCLA, where cadavers that have outlived their usefulness at the medical school end up. The room smells a little like shellfish, which I think might be the smell of melted flesh. But the guy in charge, Dean Fisher, laughs at that notion.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'This just leaves us questioning. Why did part of grandma go to the waste treatment plant?'\u003ccite>Ned Dolejsi, Catholic Church spokesman\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Fisher, the head of the university's \u003ca href=\"https://www.uclahealth.org/donatedbody/default.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Donated Body Program,\u003c/a> explains that I'm sniffing potassium hydroxide\u003cb>,\u003c/b> a base, and the chemical of choice for liquefying bodies, because it catalyzes the hydrogen in water to more rapidly attack the chemical bonds between molecules in the body. (The process is technically called\u003cem> alkaline hydrolysis.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, it's not an acid at all,\" said Fisher. \"Some people say this is an acid bath, and they're wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potassium hydroxide is found in the Earth's crust — and in many household cleaning products. It's the same chemical that breaks down or composts organic matter in dirt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, like, if you were to bury a body in soil, all we're doing is we're speeding that up,\" says Fisher. \"We're adding heat to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_428986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-428986 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-768x575.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-1180x883.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-960x719.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine-520x389.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/Fisher-machine.jpg 1893w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">UCLA's Dean Fisher opens an alkaline hydrolysis machine that can dissolve bodies. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Whirlpool for the Dead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That heat is applied inside a shiny stainless-steel chamber, about the size of a large van. The front of the machine has a circular hatch, modeled after a submarine door. The hatch leads to a dark tunnel where cadavers are heated to 302 degrees and then bathed in 270 gallons of liquid for three to four hours. That's about twice as long as the time required for a fire cremation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost varies widely in the U.S., depending on location, but typically, funeral homes charge $150-$500 more for a water cremation than for one done with flames.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's usually left at the end of the process is a tray scattered with clean white bones, and maybe some items of medical hardware. Fisher shows me an example when he opens the door, revealing the remains of a dissolved male body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pacemaker in there,\" says Fisher. \"There’s a couple of prosthetics. It looks like he’s had a hip replacement, and it looks like he’s had a knee replacement, also.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the metal in these parts can be recycled, and everything left over is sterile. Nothing organic survives during a water cremation. No bacteria — not even a strand of DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bones will be pulverized into a white powder that can be placed in an urn, just like the ashes in a traditional cremation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_429008\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-429008\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-768x576.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2017/07/IMG_33511-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The pulverized bones from a water cremation ready to be placed inside an urn. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/ KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From a cupboard nearby, Fisher holds up a tooth with a mercury filling. The silver molar demonstrates part of why water is more eco-friendly than flame. When you burn a body, the toxic mercury in dental fillings vaporizes and escapes into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ick Factor\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water cremation proved a tough sell the last two times legalization was tried in California. There's an inherent ick factor: You’re reducing loved ones to a chemical broth that swirls down the drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This just leaves us questioning,\" said Ned Dolejsi, the executive director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cacatholic.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Catholic Conference\u003c/a>. \"Why did part of grandma go to the waste treatment plant?”\u003cb> \u003c/b>He says water cremation isn't inherently wrong, but it also doesn’t treat life — or death — with dignity and respect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed bill sailed through the Assembly in June. Now it's before the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the bill is made law, water cremation will be available in California starting in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been edited.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s Saturday night, and the work studio TechSpace in downtown San Jose is nearly empty. For Chrystie Mariano the quiet allows her to concentrate on the repetitive motion of the laser cutting and engraving machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The beautiful thing about working on the laser is that you can just keep loading it,” Mariano laughs. “And you can kind of just be a lazy butt and watch it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/09/MosleySanJoseFloodFolo.mp3\" title=\"Seven Months After the Flood, Many San Jose Residents Still Homeless\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0141.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producing art gives Mariano a temporary escape from her problems, like finding a place to live. Mariano lost her home in the Coyote Creek flood in February. When we met, Mariano had just spent her first night sleeping in a car. It was scary — her mind was racing all night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kept thinking, is someone going to break into the car while I’m sleeping?” Mariano says. “There’s only a window separating us from the outside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617164\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11617164\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chrystie Mariano, 41, creates a design on coasters she’ll sell to a nonprofit. Creating art takes her mind off her living situation. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 40,000 people were evacuated after Coyote Creek flooded on Feb. 21. Most were able to return to their homes, but Mariano is one of many San Jose residents experiencing long-term displacement. According to Catholic Charities, the lead agency in providing long-term services to flood victims, about 153 people are homeless, many living in hotels, temporary apartments or shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I’m Coming Up on That Last Domino’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like many residents, Mariano was teetering well before the flood. In the 11 years she lived on the bottom floor of her triplex, the rent had gone from $850 a month to $1,295 a month. Between selling art and her disability check, Mariano barely brings in $2,000 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the hardships you can’t put into numbers. Mariano’s mom died a few years ago, and her husband had a stroke and had to move in with his parents. And then Mariano was diagnosed with kidney disease. She’s now on dialysis three times a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like there’s a set of dominoes. And I don’t mean to be dark, but I’m coming up on that last domino,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the flood, there was an outpouring. People gave money and landlords offered temporary housing. In partnership with the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, San Jose was able to distribute $6.9 million to nonprofit relief organizations, which in turn assisted families in getting back on their feet. Mariano was able to secure a temporary apartment, but her lease ended in August — and much of the goodwill she received has dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We Can’t Fix Everything’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Emily Prado is with Catholic Charities, the lead agency providing long-term disaster relief in San Jose. She says they’ve helped over 600 people find permanent housing, but there are still about 150 others like Mariano, who are striking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many reasons why, but I’ve noticed that some of the clients are coming back to me saying that some of the landlords are requesting three times the rent,” Prado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a major hurdle because most of the people who are still looking were paying below-market rents and living on a fixed income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of my thoughts are, ‘Wow, I’m never going to find housing for them,’ ” Prado says. “But then, I have that one client who lands permanent housing, and that gives me hope for the next client.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11617165 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catholic Charities housing coordinator Emily Prado scours the internet for housing ads for her clients.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a plight that disaster victims often face after the support dries up. But high rents in the Bay Area pose a unique problem, says Prado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t fix everything and sometimes I go home with that, but you know the next day I get up and I try my hardest to do what I can on my end,” Prado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Catholic Charities has been developing relationships with landlords, trying to get them to see the benefit of housing these people who have lost so much. She’s extending her searches beyond Santa Clara County and nudging her clients to think about moving farther away — to more affordable areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mariano says she’s not ready to leave the only city she’s ever really called home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was fine with where I was,” Mariano says. “It wasn’t the nicest place, but it was home. I want my home back. Whether it’s my original home, or somewhere I can afford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catholic Charities has put Mariano up in a hotel while she continues to search for a permanent place to live.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producing art gives Mariano a temporary escape from her problems, like finding a place to live. Mariano lost her home in the Coyote Creek flood in February. When we met, Mariano had just spent her first night sleeping in a car. It was scary — her mind was racing all night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I kept thinking, is someone going to break into the car while I’m sleeping?” Mariano says. “There’s only a window separating us from the outside.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617164\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11617164\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0144-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chrystie Mariano, 41, creates a design on coasters she’ll sell to a nonprofit. Creating art takes her mind off her living situation. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 40,000 people were evacuated after Coyote Creek flooded on Feb. 21. Most were able to return to their homes, but Mariano is one of many San Jose residents experiencing long-term displacement. According to Catholic Charities, the lead agency in providing long-term services to flood victims, about 153 people are homeless, many living in hotels, temporary apartments or shelters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘I’m Coming Up on That Last Domino’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Like many residents, Mariano was teetering well before the flood. In the 11 years she lived on the bottom floor of her triplex, the rent had gone from $850 a month to $1,295 a month. Between selling art and her disability check, Mariano barely brings in $2,000 a month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are the hardships you can’t put into numbers. Mariano’s mom died a few years ago, and her husband had a stroke and had to move in with his parents. And then Mariano was diagnosed with kidney disease. She’s now on dialysis three times a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like there’s a set of dominoes. And I don’t mean to be dark, but I’m coming up on that last domino,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the flood, there was an outpouring. People gave money and landlords offered temporary housing. In partnership with the Silicon Valley Community Foundation, San Jose was able to distribute $6.9 million to nonprofit relief organizations, which in turn assisted families in getting back on their feet. Mariano was able to secure a temporary apartment, but her lease ended in August — and much of the goodwill she received has dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘We Can’t Fix Everything’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Emily Prado is with Catholic Charities, the lead agency providing long-term disaster relief in San Jose. She says they’ve helped over 600 people find permanent housing, but there are still about 150 others like Mariano, who are striking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many reasons why, but I’ve noticed that some of the clients are coming back to me saying that some of the landlords are requesting three times the rent,” Prado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a major hurdle because most of the people who are still looking were paying below-market rents and living on a fixed income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of my thoughts are, ‘Wow, I’m never going to find housing for them,’ ” Prado says. “But then, I have that one client who lands permanent housing, and that gives me hope for the next client.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617165\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11617165 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/IMG_0159-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Catholic Charities housing coordinator Emily Prado scours the internet for housing ads for her clients.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s a plight that disaster victims often face after the support dries up. But high rents in the Bay Area pose a unique problem, says Prado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t fix everything and sometimes I go home with that, but you know the next day I get up and I try my hardest to do what I can on my end,” Prado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says Catholic Charities has been developing relationships with landlords, trying to get them to see the benefit of housing these people who have lost so much. She’s extending her searches beyond Santa Clara County and nudging her clients to think about moving farther away — to more affordable areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mariano says she’s not ready to leave the only city she’s ever really called home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was fine with where I was,” Mariano says. “It wasn’t the nicest place, but it was home. I want my home back. Whether it’s my original home, or somewhere I can afford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catholic Charities has put Mariano up in a hotel while she continues to search for a permanent place to live.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Imagine you’re a woman with an online startup, and you’re having trouble getting respect. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might expect a chilly reception from venture capitalists, infamous for dismissing anybody who isn’t a white or Asian male. But then you notice the dude-i-tude is coming from most of the techies you work with. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what do you do? Invent a male co-founder, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Kate Dwyer and Penelope Gazin did. They’re co-founders of \u003ca href=\"https://www.witchsy.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Witchsy\u003c/a>, an online marketplace similar to Etsy, but edgier. When they weren’t being taken seriously, they came up with a fake, third co-founder: Keith Mann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to reset some of the conversations that we were having with developers, as well as designers,” Dwyer says. “So we created Keith as a means to have a little bit of a buffer between us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith would send out emails inquiring after deliverables. “He just got results, in a way that we weren’t,” Dwyer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Keith asked for something, web developers didn’t challenge or second-guess his judgement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, and they also responded faster when Keith was asking for, say, an update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just accepted that he was correct,” Dwyer says. “In general we found that a lot of times people would question us, they would often second-guess the things we were doing. But then when Keith would ask for something, a project update or anything really, he would get an instance response of ‘Yeah Keith, you got it.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11617485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Witchsy is an online marketplace similar to Etsy, but edgier\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-520x292.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM.jpg 1188w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Witchsy is an online marketplace similar to Etsy, but edgier \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Witchsy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You might think Dwyer and Gazin would be tempted to feel resentful, but no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keith was an amazing tool, and he just got things done,” Gazin says. “I don’t think that the people that we were working with were at all conscious of the difference in [their] behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith Mann has since “retired,” and of course, the secret is out since the story broke on \u003ca href=\"https://www.fastcompany.com/40456604/these-women-entrepreneurs-created-a-fake-male-cofounder-to-dodge-startup-sexism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fast Company\u003c/a> a few weeks ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the story of Keith Mann is proving even more valuable than his short career as an appealingly assertive project manager. Dwyer and Gazin say the flurry of publicity about their experiment has boosted traffic to the web site at unprecedented levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good job, Keith!\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Imagine you’re a woman with an online startup, and you’re having trouble getting respect. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might expect a chilly reception from venture capitalists, infamous for dismissing anybody who isn’t a white or Asian male. But then you notice the dude-i-tude is coming from most of the techies you work with. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what do you do? Invent a male co-founder, of course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what Kate Dwyer and Penelope Gazin did. They’re co-founders of \u003ca href=\"https://www.witchsy.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Witchsy\u003c/a>, an online marketplace similar to Etsy, but edgier. When they weren’t being taken seriously, they came up with a fake, third co-founder: Keith Mann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We wanted to reset some of the conversations that we were having with developers, as well as designers,” Dwyer says. “So we created Keith as a means to have a little bit of a buffer between us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith would send out emails inquiring after deliverables. “He just got results, in a way that we weren’t,” Dwyer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Keith asked for something, web developers didn’t challenge or second-guess his judgement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, and they also responded faster when Keith was asking for, say, an update.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was just accepted that he was correct,” Dwyer says. “In general we found that a lot of times people would question us, they would often second-guess the things we were doing. But then when Keith would ask for something, a project update or anything really, he would get an instance response of ‘Yeah Keith, you got it.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11617485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11617485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Witchsy is an online marketplace similar to Etsy, but edgier\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM-520x292.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS26562_Screen-Shot-2017-09-17-at-2.22.23-PM.jpg 1188w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Witchsy is an online marketplace similar to Etsy, but edgier \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Witchsy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You might think Dwyer and Gazin would be tempted to feel resentful, but no.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Keith was an amazing tool, and he just got things done,” Gazin says. “I don’t think that the people that we were working with were at all conscious of the difference in [their] behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keith Mann has since “retired,” and of course, the secret is out since the story broke on \u003ca href=\"https://www.fastcompany.com/40456604/these-women-entrepreneurs-created-a-fake-male-cofounder-to-dodge-startup-sexism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fast Company\u003c/a> a few weeks ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the story of Keith Mann is proving even more valuable than his short career as an appealingly assertive project manager. Dwyer and Gazin say the flurry of publicity about their experiment has boosted traffic to the web site at unprecedented levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Good job, Keith!\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Study Claiming AI Can Detect Sexual Orientation Cleared for Publication",
"title": "Study Claiming AI Can Detect Sexual Orientation Cleared for Publication",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Sept. 19:\u003c/strong> The American Psychological Association says that a controversial research paper that applied computer facial recognition to successfully guess people’s sexual orientation has passed a review of documentation submitted by the researchers. The paper is set to be published in the association’s peer-reviewed \u003cem>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the association said it completed the review last week. The association undertook the review to substantiate an institutional review board's vetting of the study, which ensured that the study met ethical guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the sensitive nature of photo-images used in the current study, we are currently taking this additional step with this as yet unpublished manuscript,\" a spokesperson for the APA wrote to KQED last week, before the review was completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research, by Michal Kosinski and Yilun Wang of Stanford University, claims that a computer algorithm bested humans in distinguishing between a gay person and a straight person when analyzing images from public profiles on a dating website. (Here is a \u003ca href=\"https://osf.io/zn79k/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preprint\u003c/a> of the study; it's not necessarily the final version of the paper.)Researchers claim AI can be taught to predict sexual orientation from analyzing photographs. LGBTQ advocates are outraged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research had led to a firestorm of criticism from LGBTQ advocates and academics since it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21728614-machines-read-faces-are-coming-advances-ai-are-used-spot-signs?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/advancesinaiareusedtospotsignsofsexuality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first reported\u003c/a> Sept. 9 by The Economist. Two gay rights groups, Human Rights Campaign and GLAAD, \u003ca href=\"https://www.glaad.org/blog/glaad-and-hrc-call-stanford-university-responsible-media-debunk-dangerous-flawed-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called the research,\u003c/a> in a joint press release, \"junk science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Analyzing Faces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using basic facial-recognition technology, the researchers weeded through 130,741 public photos of men and women posted on a U.S. dating website, selecting for images that showed a single face large and clear enough to analyze. This left a pool of 35,326 pictures of 14,776 individuals. Gay and straight people, male and female, were represented evenly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Software called VGG-Face analyzed the faces and looked for correlations between a person's face (nose length, jaw width, etc.) and their self-declared sexual identity on the website. Using a resulting model made up of these distinguishing characteristics, the program, when shown one photo of a gay man and one of a straight man, was able to identify their sexual orientation 81 percent of the time. For women, the success rate was 71 percent. (Accuracy increased when the model was shown more than one image of a person.) Human guessers correctly identified straight faces and gay faces just 61 percent of the time for men and 54 percent for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say in the paper that these results \"provide strong support\" for the prenatal hormone theory of gay and lesbian sexual orientation. The theory holds that under or overexposure to prenatal androgens are a key determinant of sexual orientation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oGZ1Ke3wK9E3BtOFfGfUQuuaSMR8AO2WfWH3aVke6U/preview#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">authors' note\u003c/a> (last updated Sept. 13), the researchers discuss the study's limitations at some length, including the narrow demographic characteristics of the individuals analyzed -- white people who self-reported to be gay or straight. They also expressed concerns about the implications of the study:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We were really disturbed by these results and spent much time considering whether they should be made public at all. We did not want to enable the very risks that we are warning against. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recent press reports,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> however, suggest that governments and corporations are already using tools aimed at revealing intimate traits from faces. Facial images of billions of people are stockpiled in digital and traditional archives, including dating platforms, photo-sharing websites, and government databases. Profile pictures on Facebook, LinkedIn, and Google Plus are public by default. CCTV cameras and smartphones can be used to take pictures of others’ faces without their permission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Critics of the research expressed concerns that it will lead to the very invasion of privacy the authors seek to warn against. HRC/GLAAD also criticized the limited demographic pool used by the researchers, the \"superficial\" nature of the characteristics analyzed in the model, and the way media have represented the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuEcSNFMduIaf0cOWdWbOV3NORLoKWdz3big4xuk7Z4/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">authors responded\u003c/a> angrily, calling the HRC/GLAAD press release premature and misleading. \"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They do a great disservice to the LGBTQ community by dismissing our results outright without properly assessing the science behind it, and hurt the mission of the great organizations that they represent,\" they wrote. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also stressed, in their authors' note, that they did not invent the tools used. Rather, they applied internet-available software to internet-available data, with the goal of demonstrating the privacy risks inherent in artificially intelligent technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We studied existing technologies,\" wrote Kosinski and Wang, already widely used by companies and governments, to see whether they present a risk to the privacy of LGBTQ individuals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They added, \"We were terrified to find that they do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such tools present a special threat, said the authors, to the privacy and safety of gay men and women living under repressive regimes where homosexuality is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other LGBT academics and writers did not accept this line of reasoning. Oberlin sociology professor Greggor Mattson wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://greggormattson.com/2017/09/09/artificial-intelligence-discovers-gayface/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">takedown,\u003c/a> published on his website, describing the study as \"much less insightful than the researchers claim.\" The authors' discussion of their ethical concerns suffered from \"stunning tone-deafness,\" Mattson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one LGBT blogger, though, came to the researchers' defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Bollinger, writing at LGBTQ Nation, wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/09/hrc-glaad-release-silly-statement-gay-face-study/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post \u003c/a>titled \"HRC and GLAAD release a silly statement about the ‘gay face’ study.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We should take a stance of curiosity instead of judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is just one study that looked at one sample and said a few things. There will be more studies later on that will say other things. Let’s see how that all unfolds before deciding what the correct answer is.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post was edited Oct. 9 to specify the nature of the American Psychological Association's review of the study.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Stanford researchers claim AI can be taught to predict sexual orientation from photographs, and a firestorm ensues.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, Sept. 19:\u003c/strong> The American Psychological Association says that a controversial research paper that applied computer facial recognition to successfully guess people’s sexual orientation has passed a review of documentation submitted by the researchers. The paper is set to be published in the association’s peer-reviewed \u003cem>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for the association said it completed the review last week. The association undertook the review to substantiate an institutional review board's vetting of the study, which ensured that the study met ethical guidelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the sensitive nature of photo-images used in the current study, we are currently taking this additional step with this as yet unpublished manuscript,\" a spokesperson for the APA wrote to KQED last week, before the review was completed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research, by Michal Kosinski and Yilun Wang of Stanford University, claims that a computer algorithm bested humans in distinguishing between a gay person and a straight person when analyzing images from public profiles on a dating website. (Here is a \u003ca href=\"https://osf.io/zn79k/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">preprint\u003c/a> of the study; it's not necessarily the final version of the paper.)Researchers claim AI can be taught to predict sexual orientation from analyzing photographs. LGBTQ advocates are outraged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research had led to a firestorm of criticism from LGBTQ advocates and academics since it was \u003ca href=\"https://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21728614-machines-read-faces-are-coming-advances-ai-are-used-spot-signs?fsrc=scn/tw/te/bl/ed/advancesinaiareusedtospotsignsofsexuality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">first reported\u003c/a> Sept. 9 by The Economist. Two gay rights groups, Human Rights Campaign and GLAAD, \u003ca href=\"https://www.glaad.org/blog/glaad-and-hrc-call-stanford-university-responsible-media-debunk-dangerous-flawed-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">called the research,\u003c/a> in a joint press release, \"junk science.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Analyzing Faces\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using basic facial-recognition technology, the researchers weeded through 130,741 public photos of men and women posted on a U.S. dating website, selecting for images that showed a single face large and clear enough to analyze. This left a pool of 35,326 pictures of 14,776 individuals. Gay and straight people, male and female, were represented evenly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Software called VGG-Face analyzed the faces and looked for correlations between a person's face (nose length, jaw width, etc.) and their self-declared sexual identity on the website. Using a resulting model made up of these distinguishing characteristics, the program, when shown one photo of a gay man and one of a straight man, was able to identify their sexual orientation 81 percent of the time. For women, the success rate was 71 percent. (Accuracy increased when the model was shown more than one image of a person.) Human guessers correctly identified straight faces and gay faces just 61 percent of the time for men and 54 percent for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers say in the paper that these results \"provide strong support\" for the prenatal hormone theory of gay and lesbian sexual orientation. The theory holds that under or overexposure to prenatal androgens are a key determinant of sexual orientation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/11oGZ1Ke3wK9E3BtOFfGfUQuuaSMR8AO2WfWH3aVke6U/preview#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">authors' note\u003c/a> (last updated Sept. 13), the researchers discuss the study's limitations at some length, including the narrow demographic characteristics of the individuals analyzed -- white people who self-reported to be gay or straight. They also expressed concerns about the implications of the study:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We were really disturbed by these results and spent much time considering whether they should be made public at all. We did not want to enable the very risks that we are warning against. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Recent press reports,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> however, suggest that governments and corporations are already using tools aimed at revealing intimate traits from faces. Facial images of billions of people are stockpiled in digital and traditional archives, including dating platforms, photo-sharing websites, and government databases. Profile pictures on Facebook, LinkedIn, and Google Plus are public by default. CCTV cameras and smartphones can be used to take pictures of others’ faces without their permission.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Critics of the research expressed concerns that it will lead to the very invasion of privacy the authors seek to warn against. HRC/GLAAD also criticized the limited demographic pool used by the researchers, the \"superficial\" nature of the characteristics analyzed in the model, and the way media have represented the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1UuEcSNFMduIaf0cOWdWbOV3NORLoKWdz3big4xuk7Z4/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">authors responded\u003c/a> angrily, calling the HRC/GLAAD press release premature and misleading. \"\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They do a great disservice to the LGBTQ community by dismissing our results outright without properly assessing the science behind it, and hurt the mission of the great organizations that they represent,\" they wrote. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also stressed, in their authors' note, that they did not invent the tools used. Rather, they applied internet-available software to internet-available data, with the goal of demonstrating the privacy risks inherent in artificially intelligent technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We studied existing technologies,\" wrote Kosinski and Wang, already widely used by companies and governments, to see whether they present a risk to the privacy of LGBTQ individuals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They added, \"We were terrified to find that they do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such tools present a special threat, said the authors, to the privacy and safety of gay men and women living under repressive regimes where homosexuality is illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other LGBT academics and writers did not accept this line of reasoning. Oberlin sociology professor Greggor Mattson wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://greggormattson.com/2017/09/09/artificial-intelligence-discovers-gayface/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">takedown,\u003c/a> published on his website, describing the study as \"much less insightful than the researchers claim.\" The authors' discussion of their ethical concerns suffered from \"stunning tone-deafness,\" Mattson wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one LGBT blogger, though, came to the researchers' defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Bollinger, writing at LGBTQ Nation, wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.lgbtqnation.com/2017/09/hrc-glaad-release-silly-statement-gay-face-study/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">post \u003c/a>titled \"HRC and GLAAD release a silly statement about the ‘gay face’ study.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We should take a stance of curiosity instead of judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is just one study that looked at one sample and said a few things. There will be more studies later on that will say other things. Let’s see how that all unfolds before deciding what the correct answer is.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post was edited Oct. 9 to specify the nature of the American Psychological Association's review of the study.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON -- Design limitations of the Tesla Model S's Autopilot system played a major role in the first known fatal crash of a highway vehicle operating under automated control systems, the National Transportation Safety Board says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/Documents/2017-HWY16FH018-BMG-abstract.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an abstract of it final report\u003c/a> the direct cause of the crash was an inattentive Tesla driver's over-reliance on technology and a truck driver who made a left-hand turn in front of the car. But the board also recommended that automakers incorporate safeguards that keep drivers' attention engaged and that limit the use of automated systems to the conditions for which they were designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Brown, 40, of Canton, Ohio, was traveling on a divided highway near Gainesville, Florida, using the Tesla's automated driving systems when he was killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto-based Tesla had told Model S owners the automated systems should only be used on limited-access highways, which are primarily interstates. But the company didn't incorporate protections against their use on other types of roads, the board found. Despite upgrades since the May 2016 crash, Tesla has still not incorporated such protections, NTSB Chairman Robert Sumwalt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this crash, Tesla's system worked as designed, but it was designed to perform limited tasks in a limited range of environments,\" he said. \"Tesla allowed the driver to use the system outside of the environment for which it was designed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, Sumwalt said, was a collision \"that should never have happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Tesla said \"we appreciate the NTSB's analysis of last year's tragic accident and we will evaluate their recommendations as we continue to evolve our technology.\" The company added that overall its automated driving systems, called Autopilot, improve safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NTSB directed its recommendations to automakers generally, rather than just Tesla, saying the oversight is an industrywide problem. Manufacturers should be able to use GPS mapping systems to create such safeguards, Sumwalt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manufacturers should also develop systems for ensuring operators remain attentive to the vehicle's performance when using semi-autonomous driving systems other than detecting the pressure of hands on the steering wheeling, the NTSB recommended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown had his hands on the sedan's steering wheel for only 25 seconds out of the 37.5 minutes the vehicle's cruise control and lane-keeping systems were in use prior to the crash, investigators found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a consequence, Brown's attention wandered and he didn't detect the semitrailer in his path, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Model S is a level 2 on a self-driving scale of 0 to 5. Level 5 vehicles can operate autonomously in nearly all circumstances. Level 2 automation systems are generally limited to use on interstate highways, which don't have intersections. Drivers are supposed to continuously monitor vehicle performance and be ready to take control if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides Tesla, automakers marketing level 2 systems include Audi, BMW, Inifiniti, Mercedes Benz and Volvo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators found that the Tesla Model S sedan's cameras and radar weren't capable of detecting a vehicle turning into its path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, the systems are designed to detect vehicles they are following to prevent rear-end collisions. The board re-issued previous recommendations that the government require all new cars and trucks to be equipped with technology that wirelessly transmits the vehicles' location, speed, heading and other information to other vehicles in order to prevent collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last December, the Obama administration proposed that new vehicles be able to wirelessly communicate with each other, with traffic lights and with other roadway infrastructure. Automakers were generally supportive of the proposal, but it hasn't been acted on by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's family defended his actions and Tesla in a statement released Monday. Brown was a technology geek and enthusiastic fan of the Model S who posted videos about the car and spoke to gatherings at Tesla stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody wants tragedy to touch their family, but expecting to identify all limitations of an emerging technology and expecting perfection is not feasible either,\" the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which regulates auto safety, declined this year to issue a recall or fine Tesla as a result of the crash, but it warned automakers they aren't to treat semiautonomous cars as if they were fully self-driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the NTSB was meeting to consider the Tesla crash, Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao was in Michigan unveiling new self-driving car safety guidelines for automakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidelines encourage companies to put in place broad safety goals, such as making sure drivers are paying attention while using advanced assist systems. The systems are expected to detect and respond to people and objects both in and out of its travel path \"including pedestrians, bicyclists, animals, and objects that could affect safe operation of the vehicle,\" the guidelines say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a 12-point safety checklist, but the government makes it clear that the guidelines are voluntary and not regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP Auto Writer Dee-Ann Durbin in Ann Arbor, Michigan, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON -- Design limitations of the Tesla Model S's Autopilot system played a major role in the first known fatal crash of a highway vehicle operating under automated control systems, the National Transportation Safety Board says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The board said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/Documents/2017-HWY16FH018-BMG-abstract.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an abstract of it final report\u003c/a> the direct cause of the crash was an inattentive Tesla driver's over-reliance on technology and a truck driver who made a left-hand turn in front of the car. But the board also recommended that automakers incorporate safeguards that keep drivers' attention engaged and that limit the use of automated systems to the conditions for which they were designed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Brown, 40, of Canton, Ohio, was traveling on a divided highway near Gainesville, Florida, using the Tesla's automated driving systems when he was killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palo Alto-based Tesla had told Model S owners the automated systems should only be used on limited-access highways, which are primarily interstates. But the company didn't incorporate protections against their use on other types of roads, the board found. Despite upgrades since the May 2016 crash, Tesla has still not incorporated such protections, NTSB Chairman Robert Sumwalt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In this crash, Tesla's system worked as designed, but it was designed to perform limited tasks in a limited range of environments,\" he said. \"Tesla allowed the driver to use the system outside of the environment for which it was designed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result, Sumwalt said, was a collision \"that should never have happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Tesla said \"we appreciate the NTSB's analysis of last year's tragic accident and we will evaluate their recommendations as we continue to evolve our technology.\" The company added that overall its automated driving systems, called Autopilot, improve safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NTSB directed its recommendations to automakers generally, rather than just Tesla, saying the oversight is an industrywide problem. Manufacturers should be able to use GPS mapping systems to create such safeguards, Sumwalt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Manufacturers should also develop systems for ensuring operators remain attentive to the vehicle's performance when using semi-autonomous driving systems other than detecting the pressure of hands on the steering wheeling, the NTSB recommended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown had his hands on the sedan's steering wheel for only 25 seconds out of the 37.5 minutes the vehicle's cruise control and lane-keeping systems were in use prior to the crash, investigators found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a consequence, Brown's attention wandered and he didn't detect the semitrailer in his path, they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Model S is a level 2 on a self-driving scale of 0 to 5. Level 5 vehicles can operate autonomously in nearly all circumstances. Level 2 automation systems are generally limited to use on interstate highways, which don't have intersections. Drivers are supposed to continuously monitor vehicle performance and be ready to take control if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides Tesla, automakers marketing level 2 systems include Audi, BMW, Inifiniti, Mercedes Benz and Volvo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators found that the Tesla Model S sedan's cameras and radar weren't capable of detecting a vehicle turning into its path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather, the systems are designed to detect vehicles they are following to prevent rear-end collisions. The board re-issued previous recommendations that the government require all new cars and trucks to be equipped with technology that wirelessly transmits the vehicles' location, speed, heading and other information to other vehicles in order to prevent collisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last December, the Obama administration proposed that new vehicles be able to wirelessly communicate with each other, with traffic lights and with other roadway infrastructure. Automakers were generally supportive of the proposal, but it hasn't been acted on by the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's family defended his actions and Tesla in a statement released Monday. Brown was a technology geek and enthusiastic fan of the Model S who posted videos about the car and spoke to gatherings at Tesla stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody wants tragedy to touch their family, but expecting to identify all limitations of an emerging technology and expecting perfection is not feasible either,\" the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, which regulates auto safety, declined this year to issue a recall or fine Tesla as a result of the crash, but it warned automakers they aren't to treat semiautonomous cars as if they were fully self-driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the NTSB was meeting to consider the Tesla crash, Transportation Secretary Elaine Chao was in Michigan unveiling new self-driving car safety guidelines for automakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidelines encourage companies to put in place broad safety goals, such as making sure drivers are paying attention while using advanced assist systems. The systems are expected to detect and respond to people and objects both in and out of its travel path \"including pedestrians, bicyclists, animals, and objects that could affect safe operation of the vehicle,\" the guidelines say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a 12-point safety checklist, but the government makes it clear that the guidelines are voluntary and not regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>AP Auto Writer Dee-Ann Durbin in Ann Arbor, Michigan, contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Facebook's Russia Ads Could Be 'Tip Of The Iceberg,' Warns Senate Intel Dem",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook's concession that it sold $100,000 in ads to Russian-linked accounts last year may be \"just the tip of the iceberg\" of how social networks were used to interfere in the election, warned the top Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Mark Warner, who is leading the Senate's investigation into Russia's election attack, said Thursday he has long believed that Moscow used overt social media sites like Facebook and Twitter to intervene in the 2016 election, as well as other covert tools such as cyberattacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And you know, the first reaction from Facebook, of course, was, \"Well, you're crazy, nothing's going on,'\" Warner said at a national security conference in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we find yesterday there actually was something going on. And I think all we saw yesterday in terms of their brief was the tip of the iceberg.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook acknowledged in \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/09/information-operations-update/\" target=\"_blank\">a blog post\u003c/a> on Wednesday that 470 accounts \"affiliated with one another and likely operated out of Russia\" purchased around 3,000 ads between June 2015 and May 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of the ads did not reference the presidential campaign or a particular candidate but instead focused \"on amplifying divisive social and political messages across the ideological spectrum,\" the social network said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The topics targeted in the ads included LGBT issues, race matters, immigration and gun rights. Influence-watchers say one technique that foreign powers use to try to shape the American information environment is to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/05/547654525/4-ways-the-u-s-could-fight-future-election-interference\">amplify divisions that already exist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Facebook plays an outsize role in delivering news to Americans -- 67 percent of American adults use the site and 44 percent of U.S. adults get news on it, according to a Pew Research Center survey from 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, $100,000 worth of ads is a drop in the bucket compared with the billions of dollars in business that Facebook does every year. It isn't clear whether the strategy represented an experiment by the Russian-linked buyers that they abandoned or how much more of the \"iceberg\" might be revealed in records of Facebook or other such platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its blog post, Facebook said about 25 percent of the suspect ads were \"geographically targeted,\" and most of those ran in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner said he wants the committee to meet with representatives of Facebook, Twitter, Google and other online giants to see what can be done to prevent social media sites from being used as tools by foreign adversaries to meddle in future U.S. elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think Americans, when it particularly comes to elections, ought to be able to know if there is a foreign-sponsored content coming into their electoral process,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What investigators in Washington also want to know is whether any Americans, especially those within the Trump orbit, might have played any role in advising Russians on where to target their influence operations within the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hypothesis is that Trump's digital operation might have used its own polling or other information to single out areas where it could most benefit from help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Congress and others are also looking down the road: Warner's counterpart on the House Intelligence Committee, California Democratic Rep. Adam Schiff, also addressed the question of how to combat possible Russian interference on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The best protection that we can have is somehow forging the consensus we didn't have last year: that no matter who it may help or who it may hurt, if any foreign power intervenes in our affairs, let alone our elections, they will be repudiated,\" Schiff said. \"And anyone who tries to take advantage of it will be repudiated. More than anything else, I think that's what we need to defend ourselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff appeared to be alluding to the willingness of some in the Trump campaign, including Donald Trump Jr., \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/07/10/536392921/trump-jr-met-with-russian-lawyer-with-promise-of-damaging-clinton-information\">to meet with a Russian delegation\u003c/a> that had offered damaging information on Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has brushed off criticism of his son for taking the meeting in June of 2016. But Republicans and Democrats alike have said it was highly inappropriate to meet with the Russians under such circumstances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook's concession that it sold $100,000 in ads to Russian-linked accounts last year may be \"just the tip of the iceberg\" of how social networks were used to interfere in the election, warned the top Democrat on the Senate Intelligence Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virginia Sen. Mark Warner, who is leading the Senate's investigation into Russia's election attack, said Thursday he has long believed that Moscow used overt social media sites like Facebook and Twitter to intervene in the 2016 election, as well as other covert tools such as cyberattacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And you know, the first reaction from Facebook, of course, was, \"Well, you're crazy, nothing's going on,'\" Warner said at a national security conference in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we find yesterday there actually was something going on. And I think all we saw yesterday in terms of their brief was the tip of the iceberg.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook acknowledged in \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/09/information-operations-update/\" target=\"_blank\">a blog post\u003c/a> on Wednesday that 470 accounts \"affiliated with one another and likely operated out of Russia\" purchased around 3,000 ads between June 2015 and May 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of the ads did not reference the presidential campaign or a particular candidate but instead focused \"on amplifying divisive social and political messages across the ideological spectrum,\" the social network said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The topics targeted in the ads included LGBT issues, race matters, immigration and gun rights. Influence-watchers say one technique that foreign powers use to try to shape the American information environment is to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/09/05/547654525/4-ways-the-u-s-could-fight-future-election-interference\">amplify divisions that already exist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Facebook plays an outsize role in delivering news to Americans -- 67 percent of American adults use the site and 44 percent of U.S. adults get news on it, according to a Pew Research Center survey from 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, $100,000 worth of ads is a drop in the bucket compared with the billions of dollars in business that Facebook does every year. It isn't clear whether the strategy represented an experiment by the Russian-linked buyers that they abandoned or how much more of the \"iceberg\" might be revealed in records of Facebook or other such platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its blog post, Facebook said about 25 percent of the suspect ads were \"geographically targeted,\" and most of those ran in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner said he wants the committee to meet with representatives of Facebook, Twitter, Google and other online giants to see what can be done to prevent social media sites from being used as tools by foreign adversaries to meddle in future U.S. elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think Americans, when it particularly comes to elections, ought to be able to know if there is a foreign-sponsored content coming into their electoral process,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What investigators in Washington also want to know is whether any Americans, especially those within the Trump orbit, might have played any role in advising Russians on where to target their influence operations within the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One hypothesis is that Trump's digital operation might have used its own polling or other information to single out areas where it could most benefit from help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Members of Congress and others are also looking down the road: Warner's counterpart on the House Intelligence Committee, California Democratic Rep. Adam Schiff, also addressed the question of how to combat possible Russian interference on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The best protection that we can have is somehow forging the consensus we didn't have last year: that no matter who it may help or who it may hurt, if any foreign power intervenes in our affairs, let alone our elections, they will be repudiated,\" Schiff said. \"And anyone who tries to take advantage of it will be repudiated. More than anything else, I think that's what we need to defend ourselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schiff appeared to be alluding to the willingness of some in the Trump campaign, including Donald Trump Jr., \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/07/10/536392921/trump-jr-met-with-russian-lawyer-with-promise-of-damaging-clinton-information\">to meet with a Russian delegation\u003c/a> that had offered damaging information on Hillary Clinton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has brushed off criticism of his son for taking the meeting in June of 2016. But Republicans and Democrats alike have said it was highly inappropriate to meet with the Russians under such circumstances. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Federal Labor Board Claims Tesla Intimidated Workers Trying to Unionize",
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"content": "\u003cp>The labor dispute at Tesla continues to heat up. The National Labor Relations Board, or NLRB, claims that Tesla illegally intimidated workers who are trying unionize at its Fremont plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NLRB is a government agency that safeguards workers rights to unionize. Three Tesla workers lodged a series of complaints against the electric car maker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one incident, a Tesla employee said he was restrained by a security guard as he was passing out flyers and pamphlets about unionizing with the United Auto Workers. The employee says he wasn’t on the clock but participating in the activity during his free time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An employee claimed that in March, during a pre-shift meeting, a supervisor threatened to fire any employees that continued to pass out flyers not approved by Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees claim these actions show Tesla is trying to intimidate and coerce factory workers to stop unionizing. If true, the actions break federal law according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlrb.gov/resources/national-labor-relations-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Labor Relations Act\u003c/a>, said Bill Sokol, a labor lawyer and lecturer at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a new age car company making a new age car but it’s engaging in same old union busting tactics that GM, Ford and Chrysler used almost a century ago in the Great Depression,” Sokol said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday, the National Labor Relations Board found merit in the employee’s claims and filed a complaint against Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NLRB also claims that the confidentiality agreement that Tesla employees must sign restricts employees’ ability to unionize. The agreement doesn’t allow workers to talk about the nature of their work or their work conditions at the Fremont plant. Such non-disclosure agreements, or NDAs, have come under heightened scrutiny in Silicon Valley. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-03/if-silicon-valley-wants-to-be-decent-it-should-give-up-ndas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Critics say\u003c/a> NDAs also make it harder for employees to pursue workplace discrimination cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla’s workers have been actively unionizing since the beginning of the year with the United Auto Workers. They have been claiming \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/31/workers-report-injuries-at-tesla-factory/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unsafe working conditions\u003c/a> as well as low pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla CEO Elon Musk voiced his opposition to unionizing Tesla’s Fremont plant in \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/carolineodonovan/musk-slams-union-drive-in-email-to-employees?utm_term=.awNAvq6xm#.sf1zRnbZk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an email\u003c/a> to employees in February. He claimed the company’s total recordable incident rate since January 1st is under 3.3, which is less than half the industry average of 6.7. He also offered to install company perks like free frozen yogurt and a roller coaster connecting buildings together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to get crazy good,” Musk wrote in the memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"http://worksafe.typepad.com/files/worksafe_tesla5_24.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> published by the advocacy group Worksafe said nonfatal reported injuries at Tesla’s Fremont plant actually were 31 percent higher in 2015 than the industry as a whole (data for 2016 has not yet been released).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED regarding the NLRB complaint, a Tesla spokesperson said the charges were baseless and blamed the United Auto Workers for coercing employees to unionize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“As we approach Labor Day weekend, there’s a certain irony in just how far the UAW has strayed from the original mission of the American labor movement, which once advocated so nobly for the rights of workers and is the reason we recognize this important holiday. Faced with declining membership, an overwhelming loss at a Nissan plant earlier this month, corruption charges that were recently leveled against union leaders who misused UAW funds, and failure to gain traction with our employees, it’s no surprise the union is feeling pressured to continue its publicity campaign against Tesla. For seven years, the UAW has used every tool in its playbook: misleading and outright false communications, unsolicited and unwelcomed visits to the homes of our employees, attempts to discredit Tesla publicly in the media, and now another tactic that has been used in every union campaign since the beginning of time – baseless ULP filings that are meant only to generate headlines. These allegations, which have been filed by the same contingent of union organizers who have been so outspoken with media, are entirely without merit. We will obviously be responding as part of the NLRB process.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla must respond to the NLRB complaint by September 14, 2017. The company has a right to a trial with a federal administrative law judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>[teslaDocCloud]\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The labor dispute at Tesla continues to heat up. The National Labor Relations Board, or NLRB, claims that Tesla illegally intimidated workers who are trying unionize at its Fremont plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NLRB is a government agency that safeguards workers rights to unionize. Three Tesla workers lodged a series of complaints against the electric car maker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one incident, a Tesla employee said he was restrained by a security guard as he was passing out flyers and pamphlets about unionizing with the United Auto Workers. The employee says he wasn’t on the clock but participating in the activity during his free time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An employee claimed that in March, during a pre-shift meeting, a supervisor threatened to fire any employees that continued to pass out flyers not approved by Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees claim these actions show Tesla is trying to intimidate and coerce factory workers to stop unionizing. If true, the actions break federal law according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nlrb.gov/resources/national-labor-relations-act\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Labor Relations Act\u003c/a>, said Bill Sokol, a labor lawyer and lecturer at San Francisco State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a new age car company making a new age car but it’s engaging in same old union busting tactics that GM, Ford and Chrysler used almost a century ago in the Great Depression,” Sokol said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Thursday, the National Labor Relations Board found merit in the employee’s claims and filed a complaint against Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NLRB also claims that the confidentiality agreement that Tesla employees must sign restricts employees’ ability to unionize. The agreement doesn’t allow workers to talk about the nature of their work or their work conditions at the Fremont plant. Such non-disclosure agreements, or NDAs, have come under heightened scrutiny in Silicon Valley. \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-07-03/if-silicon-valley-wants-to-be-decent-it-should-give-up-ndas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Critics say\u003c/a> NDAs also make it harder for employees to pursue workplace discrimination cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla’s workers have been actively unionizing since the beginning of the year with the United Auto Workers. They have been claiming \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/31/workers-report-injuries-at-tesla-factory/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">unsafe working conditions\u003c/a> as well as low pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla CEO Elon Musk voiced his opposition to unionizing Tesla’s Fremont plant in \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/carolineodonovan/musk-slams-union-drive-in-email-to-employees?utm_term=.awNAvq6xm#.sf1zRnbZk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an email\u003c/a> to employees in February. He claimed the company’s total recordable incident rate since January 1st is under 3.3, which is less than half the industry average of 6.7. He also offered to install company perks like free frozen yogurt and a roller coaster connecting buildings together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to get crazy good,” Musk wrote in the memo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"http://worksafe.typepad.com/files/worksafe_tesla5_24.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> published by the advocacy group Worksafe said nonfatal reported injuries at Tesla’s Fremont plant actually were 31 percent higher in 2015 than the industry as a whole (data for 2016 has not yet been released).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED regarding the NLRB complaint, a Tesla spokesperson said the charges were baseless and blamed the United Auto Workers for coercing employees to unionize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“As we approach Labor Day weekend, there’s a certain irony in just how far the UAW has strayed from the original mission of the American labor movement, which once advocated so nobly for the rights of workers and is the reason we recognize this important holiday. Faced with declining membership, an overwhelming loss at a Nissan plant earlier this month, corruption charges that were recently leveled against union leaders who misused UAW funds, and failure to gain traction with our employees, it’s no surprise the union is feeling pressured to continue its publicity campaign against Tesla. For seven years, the UAW has used every tool in its playbook: misleading and outright false communications, unsolicited and unwelcomed visits to the homes of our employees, attempts to discredit Tesla publicly in the media, and now another tactic that has been used in every union campaign since the beginning of time – baseless ULP filings that are meant only to generate headlines. These allegations, which have been filed by the same contingent of union organizers who have been so outspoken with media, are entirely without merit. We will obviously be responding as part of the NLRB process.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla must respond to the NLRB complaint by September 14, 2017. The company has a right to a trial with a federal administrative law judge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>[teslaDocCloud]\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>We’ve all heard that robots are taking our jobs, right? Well, there’s a takeout joint in Mountain View where robots help make the pizza, and it illustrates how automation could impact the food industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi0nOL4noLWAhUCslQKHacYCEgQFggnMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzumepizza.com%2F&usg=AFQjCNH-ocVgDaQYbJHp5ooD18fTYe4Qew\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zume\u003c/a> is tucked into an office park and it only delivers pizza. Its brand is about being healthy and locally sourced, and Zume pays for the better ingredients in part by saving on labor costs in the kitchen, says \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jakeycollins?lang=en\">Julia Collins\u003c/a>, co-founder and co-CEO of Zume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a lot of ways it looks like a traditional kitchen,” Collins says as she shows me around Zume’s kitchen. “But what you’ve never seen before is a robot-enabled pizza assembly line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins walks me down the line. The first thing you notice is there are people working on the line. They make about $18 an hour, and one of them is Jose Lopez. He’s holding a mound of dough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So Jose has taken our dough, and he’s using this dough bot to press the dough out,” Collins says, as Lopez places the dough into a rectangular machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, instead of throwing the dough into the air to make a pie, at Zume a “dough bot” presses it into one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nine times faster than doing it manually,” Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez takes the 14-inch sheet of dough and places it onto a conveyer belt. A stainless-steel dispenser squirts tomato sauce onto the middle of the pie. Then it moves to a second machine, which spreads the sauce. Most of the machines on the line are centrally wired into a computerized brain, which keeps track of the pizza orders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/08/PizzaRobots.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then human beings put the toppings on the pizza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we first looked at this line, we did think of automating these steps as well,” Collins says. But picking up toppings takes dexterity and a soft touch. Human hands are the best tools for that task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is probably the favorite robot of everyone. His name is Bruno,” Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruno is a large automated arm. But where there might be a hand, there’s a large pan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve seen this robot stacking pallets or moving tons of machinery,” Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Zume, Bruno has been reprogrammed to place pizza in the oven. The pizza glides off the conveyer belt into its tray, and then Bruno lifts its arm and slides the pizza into the 800-degree oven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins says the assembly line was designed for machines and people to work side by side. And when possible, Zume “outsources” the more dangerous or repetitive tasks to machines like Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Chui is with McKinsey Global Institute and he co-authored \u003ca href=\"http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/digital-disruption/harnessing-automation-for-a-future-that-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a big study on automation\u003c/a>. His research found that the food service industry was ripe for automation. Chui says you can see why the food industry is ripe for automation at places like Zume. For one thing, much of the technology already exists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are sensors that can measure the temperature, arms that move and can pick up food,” Chui says. Like Bruno. Still, Chui says it will be a long time before robots totally replace humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, the wage within fast-food restaurants tends to be relatively low,” Chui says. “And for it to make economic sense to bring in robots, you actually have to see these robots have a lower cost per hour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So until robots are willing to take a pay cut, humans are safe.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We’ve all heard that robots are taking our jobs, right? Well, there’s a takeout joint in Mountain View where robots help make the pizza, and it illustrates how automation could impact the food industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwi0nOL4noLWAhUCslQKHacYCEgQFggnMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzumepizza.com%2F&usg=AFQjCNH-ocVgDaQYbJHp5ooD18fTYe4Qew\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Zume\u003c/a> is tucked into an office park and it only delivers pizza. Its brand is about being healthy and locally sourced, and Zume pays for the better ingredients in part by saving on labor costs in the kitchen, says \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jakeycollins?lang=en\">Julia Collins\u003c/a>, co-founder and co-CEO of Zume.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a lot of ways it looks like a traditional kitchen,” Collins says as she shows me around Zume’s kitchen. “But what you’ve never seen before is a robot-enabled pizza assembly line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins walks me down the line. The first thing you notice is there are people working on the line. They make about $18 an hour, and one of them is Jose Lopez. He’s holding a mound of dough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So Jose has taken our dough, and he’s using this dough bot to press the dough out,” Collins says, as Lopez places the dough into a rectangular machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>And then human beings put the toppings on the pizza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we first looked at this line, we did think of automating these steps as well,” Collins says. But picking up toppings takes dexterity and a soft touch. Human hands are the best tools for that task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is probably the favorite robot of everyone. His name is Bruno,” Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruno is a large automated arm. But where there might be a hand, there’s a large pan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve seen this robot stacking pallets or moving tons of machinery,” Collins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Zume, Bruno has been reprogrammed to place pizza in the oven. The pizza glides off the conveyer belt into its tray, and then Bruno lifts its arm and slides the pizza into the 800-degree oven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collins says the assembly line was designed for machines and people to work side by side. And when possible, Zume “outsources” the more dangerous or repetitive tasks to machines like Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Chui is with McKinsey Global Institute and he co-authored \u003ca href=\"http://www.mckinsey.com/global-themes/digital-disruption/harnessing-automation-for-a-future-that-works\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a big study on automation\u003c/a>. His research found that the food service industry was ripe for automation. Chui says you can see why the food industry is ripe for automation at places like Zume. For one thing, much of the technology already exists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are sensors that can measure the temperature, arms that move and can pick up food,” Chui says. Like Bruno. Still, Chui says it will be a long time before robots totally replace humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now, the wage within fast-food restaurants tends to be relatively low,” Chui says. “And for it to make economic sense to bring in robots, you actually have to see these robots have a lower cost per hour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So until robots are willing to take a pay cut, humans are safe.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you want to have a role in shaping the near and coming future of biotechnology, the time is now. A science degree is not required, but a sense of urgency is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the primary takeaway from Jennifer Doudna’s recent public remarks at\u003ca href=\"http://crisprcon.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> CRISPRcon\u003c/a>, a two day event at UC Berkeley, intended to get nonspecialists talking about the promise and potential peril of the fast-moving biotech landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Decisions about gene editing have an impact on all of us,” said Michael Krasney, host of KQED’s “Forum” radio program and the CRISPRcon emcee. “That’s why there are no outsiders in discussing this topic.” (For a primer on how CRISPR gene editing works, check out our story “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/30/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR: What You Need to Know About the Medical Science ‘Breakthrough of the Year\u003c/a>.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We can no longer say, well there’s a lot of technology development to be done before we have to worry about that application, it’s now a question of ‘We know this can work, are we willing to go there or not?'” \u003ccite>Jennifer Doudna, one of the inventors of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine wants public input, as well. The rationale is, if it affects the public, the public should have a say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s at Stake\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her new book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.acrackincreation.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution\u003c/a>,” Doudna (who co-authored the book with former student Samuel Sternberg) writes humans are “on the cusp of a new age in genetic engineering and biological mastery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It won’t be long before CRISPR allows us to bend nature to our will.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR applications could bring us \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170518140335.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">higher tomato yields\u003c/a> or cattle \u003ca href=\"https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2016/05/11/gene-edited-hornless-cow-improve-animal-welfare-regulatory-fate-unclear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">born without horns\u003c/a> (allowing livestock to avoid the potentially painful procedure of having them removed). Ongoing medical research using CRISPR includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/news/first-crispr-clinical-trial-gets-green-light-from-us-panel-1.20137\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gene editing to target immune response\u003c/a> in cancer patients and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/news/crispr-deployed-to-combat-sickle-cell-anaemia-1.20782\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">correct sickle-cell anemia\u003c/a>, a painful blood disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the $10 million question at CRISPRcon loomed large:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you decide which genes are appropriate for germline editing?” asked a woman in the audience, during a question and answer session with Doudna. Germline editing means that the changes made affect sperm or egg cells, and therefore can be inherited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”HfCYio1aAJwJdg2Ip7LwMBF1sWeN5NFY”]”That’s a question that could be debated and discussed for the entire time of the conference,” said Doudna. But her short answer, referencing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/consensus-study/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent report with recommendations\u003c/a> from the National Academies, was, “We look for situations where there would be no other reasonable way to deal with a genetic disease other than gene editing. And when you think about it that way, those situations are rather rare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (for parents using in vitro fertilization) and genetic counseling can offer routes to avoid serious genetic mutations without gene editing. This latter technique would, however, require parents to decide if they are willing to terminate a pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doudna believes that in most cases genetic counseling and preimplantation genetic diagnosis are sufficient to deal with disorders caused by a single gene. But some couples might not have any other option to conceive a healthy embryo outside of editing their genes. For example, if both parents both have the same disease-causing gene, “That’s an issue where gene editing could be relevant in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For any parents who want to select for green-eyed, athletic geniuses, their best bet is still a random roll of the dice, not gene-editing, if the National Academies has anything to do with it. “Do not proceed at this time with human genome editing for purposes other than treatment or prevention of disease and disability,” the study recommends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the question of whether embryos should be edited to avoid disease and disability has reached new urgency, says Doudna, with the publication several weeks ago of the first \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/27/scientists-in-us-edit-human-embryos-with-crispr-for-first-time-reports-suggest/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">paper\u003c/a> that lays out a good protocol (a written procedure) for targeting a gene linked to disease. It has the potential of being useful in clinical applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they showed, importantly,” said Doudna, “was that there was very few off-target effects [unintended changes] and also they could avoid something called ‘mosaicism’. ” That arises when the desired edit occurs in only some of the cells in the developing embryo. Both edited and non-editing cells replicate, resulting in an organism with a genetic patchwork, which may or may not be harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now understand that, when applied in certain ways this technology can be very robust, in viable human embryos. We can no longer say, ‘Well, there’s a lot of technology development to be done before we have to worry about that application.’ It’s now a question of, ‘We know this can work, are we willing to go there or not?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since CRISPRcon, the paper in question has come in for some \u003ca href=\"https://ipscell.com/2017/08/doubts-raised-on-key-points-of-nature-paper-on-crispr-gene-editing-of-human-embryos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent criticism from scientists\u003c/a> not involved in the research. They call into question the main conclusions of the paper and say more definitive studies are needed. That said, most scientists believe precise editing in embryos will be possible someday, and likely someday soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For members of the public eager to be part of the debate, events like CRISPRcon provide a rare forum with scientists like Doudna who have \u003ca href=\"https://ipscell.com/2015/06/doudnacongress/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified before Congress\u003c/a> regarding the science and ethics of gene editing. But for the average person on the street, the most direct route to voicing opinions and concerns may be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/consensus-study/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">submitting comments\u003c/a> on the homepage of the National Academies’ Human Gene-Editing Initiative. Of course, there is also the tried and true method of \u003ca href=\"https://callyourrep.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">calling your representatives\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you want to have a role in shaping the near and coming future of biotechnology, the time is now. A science degree is not required, but a sense of urgency is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was the primary takeaway from Jennifer Doudna’s recent public remarks at\u003ca href=\"http://crisprcon.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> CRISPRcon\u003c/a>, a two day event at UC Berkeley, intended to get nonspecialists talking about the promise and potential peril of the fast-moving biotech landscape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Decisions about gene editing have an impact on all of us,” said Michael Krasney, host of KQED’s “Forum” radio program and the CRISPRcon emcee. “That’s why there are no outsiders in discussing this topic.” (For a primer on how CRISPR gene editing works, check out our story “\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/12/30/a-crispr-solution-to-bubble-boy-disease/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CRISPR: What You Need to Know About the Medical Science ‘Breakthrough of the Year\u003c/a>.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“We can no longer say, well there’s a lot of technology development to be done before we have to worry about that application, it’s now a question of ‘We know this can work, are we willing to go there or not?'” \u003ccite>Jennifer Doudna, one of the inventors of CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing technology\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine wants public input, as well. The rationale is, if it affects the public, the public should have a say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s at Stake\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her new book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.acrackincreation.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution\u003c/a>,” Doudna (who co-authored the book with former student Samuel Sternberg) writes humans are “on the cusp of a new age in genetic engineering and biological mastery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It won’t be long before CRISPR allows us to bend nature to our will.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CRISPR applications could bring us \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/05/170518140335.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">higher tomato yields\u003c/a> or cattle \u003ca href=\"https://geneticliteracyproject.org/2016/05/11/gene-edited-hornless-cow-improve-animal-welfare-regulatory-fate-unclear/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">born without horns\u003c/a> (allowing livestock to avoid the potentially painful procedure of having them removed). Ongoing medical research using CRISPR includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/news/first-crispr-clinical-trial-gets-green-light-from-us-panel-1.20137\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gene editing to target immune response\u003c/a> in cancer patients and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/news/crispr-deployed-to-combat-sickle-cell-anaemia-1.20782\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">correct sickle-cell anemia\u003c/a>, a painful blood disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the $10 million question at CRISPRcon loomed large:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How do you decide which genes are appropriate for germline editing?” asked a woman in the audience, during a question and answer session with Doudna. Germline editing means that the changes made affect sperm or egg cells, and therefore can be inherited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>”That’s a question that could be debated and discussed for the entire time of the conference,” said Doudna. But her short answer, referencing a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/consensus-study/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent report with recommendations\u003c/a> from the National Academies, was, “We look for situations where there would be no other reasonable way to deal with a genetic disease other than gene editing. And when you think about it that way, those situations are rather rare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (for parents using in vitro fertilization) and genetic counseling can offer routes to avoid serious genetic mutations without gene editing. This latter technique would, however, require parents to decide if they are willing to terminate a pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doudna believes that in most cases genetic counseling and preimplantation genetic diagnosis are sufficient to deal with disorders caused by a single gene. But some couples might not have any other option to conceive a healthy embryo outside of editing their genes. For example, if both parents both have the same disease-causing gene, “That’s an issue where gene editing could be relevant in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For any parents who want to select for green-eyed, athletic geniuses, their best bet is still a random roll of the dice, not gene-editing, if the National Academies has anything to do with it. “Do not proceed at this time with human genome editing for purposes other than treatment or prevention of disease and disability,” the study recommends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the question of whether embryos should be edited to avoid disease and disability has reached new urgency, says Doudna, with the publication several weeks ago of the first \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/07/27/scientists-in-us-edit-human-embryos-with-crispr-for-first-time-reports-suggest/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">paper\u003c/a> that lays out a good protocol (a written procedure) for targeting a gene linked to disease. It has the potential of being useful in clinical applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What they showed, importantly,” said Doudna, “was that there was very few off-target effects [unintended changes] and also they could avoid something called ‘mosaicism’. ” That arises when the desired edit occurs in only some of the cells in the developing embryo. Both edited and non-editing cells replicate, resulting in an organism with a genetic patchwork, which may or may not be harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We now understand that, when applied in certain ways this technology can be very robust, in viable human embryos. We can no longer say, ‘Well, there’s a lot of technology development to be done before we have to worry about that application.’ It’s now a question of, ‘We know this can work, are we willing to go there or not?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since CRISPRcon, the paper in question has come in for some \u003ca href=\"https://ipscell.com/2017/08/doubts-raised-on-key-points-of-nature-paper-on-crispr-gene-editing-of-human-embryos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recent criticism from scientists\u003c/a> not involved in the research. They call into question the main conclusions of the paper and say more definitive studies are needed. That said, most scientists believe precise editing in embryos will be possible someday, and likely someday soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For members of the public eager to be part of the debate, events like CRISPRcon provide a rare forum with scientists like Doudna who have \u003ca href=\"https://ipscell.com/2015/06/doudnacongress/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">testified before Congress\u003c/a> regarding the science and ethics of gene editing. But for the average person on the street, the most direct route to voicing opinions and concerns may be \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalacademies.org/gene-editing/consensus-study/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">submitting comments\u003c/a> on the homepage of the National Academies’ Human Gene-Editing Initiative. Of course, there is also the tried and true method of \u003ca href=\"https://callyourrep.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">calling your representatives\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Regina Bateson doesn’t look like a gambler, but that’s what she’s become — in the world of politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She just left her tenure-track job at MIT to run for Congress back home, in Northern California. She’s a Democrat with zero campaign experience. And she needs to unseat the Republican incumbent in her solidly Republican district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s fighting this unlikely fight because technology — in the form of an online platform called Crowdpac.com — made her believe it’s possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson had a good life. She was a political science professor at MIT. She was a mom — just had twins, in fact. And then, the November 2016 election happened. Bateson recalls lying on a rug, infants in her arms, and crying. She says she was thinking about what Donald Trump’s victory meant for her kids: “I have three boys. They’re all little boys. And I don’t want them to grow up in a world where bullying is the norm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That night she was in shock. Then, over the coming days and weeks, she started to feel a higher calling. She took a good long look around and told herself: “This is a time when we all have to stand up, and have the biggest impact that we can. We each need to do the biggest thing that we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The biggest thing\u003c/em>. It’s a thought a lot of people are having.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/546061687/547219489\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson started eyeing politics back home. She’s a Democrat from California’s 4th Congressional District — a stunningly beautiful district that includes Lake Tahoe and Yosemite National Park. It went to Trump. Yet she’s convinced the incumbent, Republican Rep. Tom McClintock, can be defeated because, she says, “he’s so out of touch with his constituents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the environment. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/visualizations-data/ycom-us-2016/\">Yale survey\u003c/a>, 69 percent of the district believes climate change is happening. And in a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/wiwD0RcgJb0?t=46m\">town hall meeting\u003c/a>, McClintock denied it was happening. “The climate changes rather dramatically over the millennium,” he said. “There is a great debate right now over the climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A man shouted back, “No, there isn’t!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”CrsreLaWcPev1XvFdzT5mKWtrai7mR6G”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson was sitting in the bleachers, her blood boiling. In 2008, McClintock won office by a tiny margin. But he’s been winning with landslides ever since. She has a theory about why: The Democrats who have tried to unseat him didn’t raise enough money. She looked into the records and saw that candidates raised only about $9,700 to $105,000. That’s chump change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While issues and party affiliation matter, money also matters. A campaign is like a startup. You need to pump it with cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is where the internet begins to factor into this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson wanted to find ways to raise money for Democrats in her district. So she Googled terms like “Kickstarter politics.” And she got back a site called \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdpac.com/\">Crowdpac.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other sites, Crowdpac (which is nonpartisan), ranks candidates on issues and lets you donate. Unlike others, Crowdpac also lets you explore the idea of running for office, without having to commit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a simple idea that has worked to grow marketplaces and competition outside of politics. If you’re thinking about creating a dream juicer, there are plenty of places to go to raise money, like Kickstarter. But if you think you may want to run for office — be a congressperson — until recently there hadn’t been a place online where you could test the waters financially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson recalls sitting at her computer the night of the town hall and feeling seduced by the language on Crowdpac. “They used the word ‘explore,’ ” she says. “If you’re exploring running for office, you should make a site and see how it turns out. See what you think. Maybe share it with some people for feedback.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson made \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdpac.com/campaigns/208595/regina-bateson-for-congress-a-fresh-alternative-for-californias-4th-district\">a page\u003c/a> for herself. It went viral in her district. She got more than $4,000 in the first 24 hours. In just over a month, she hit her goal of $20,000. And emboldened by this strange realization — that people she doesn’t even know are willing to give her campaign money — the former professor decided to leave her job and become Candidate Bateson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone had said to me you need to make a decision today — that you’re definitively, definitely running — I would have said no,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”hBLVniZNWnmLu97TMxWaHdzkDbBfTfy7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her family have moved backed to the 4th District — and she’s just wrapped up her own town hall in Granite Bay, California. “This is so exhausting,” she admits. She’s not used to this lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an uphill battle. A senior Democratic Party strategist says “crazier things have happened,” but it’s a “tough district” and others in California offer “more fertile ground” for the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Huey, campaign manager for Rep. McClintock’s re-election, writes in an email to NPR that “every race in the country is going to be hotly contested because of the temper of the times.” That said, Huey continues, “I think [Bateson’s] in for a big surprise if she thinks the close 2008 race is predictive of the 2018 race.” In 2008, McClintock was brand-new to the district and, despite being outspent by the other Republican in the primary (his $900,000 to the challenger’s $6.4 million), he prevailed. Since then, following redistricting, the 4th District includes some of the most conservative counties in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson has an ambitious goal — to raise $3.5 million — and hopes that the small amounts she’s been able to raise online help convince bigger donors and her party’s gatekeepers (the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee) that her district is competitive after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11614717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11614717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/crowdpac_custom-328aaf8fd1f30eee173f6fc2fdccb4dc2653d1be-800x278.png\" alt=\"Crowdpac data indicates diversity in candidates.\" width=\"800\" height=\"278\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crowdpac data indicates diversity in candidates. \u003ccite>(crowdpac.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around the country, a handful of political newbies are doing what Bateson did — including Republicans, third-party hopefuls and even \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdpac.com/races/2018/ca/federal/house/4\"> two other Democrats\u003c/a> in her district. The San Francisco-based startup makes money by \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdpac.com/pricing\">taking a cut\u003c/a> from the donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a 10-1 ratio of Democrats to Republicans seeking support on Crowdpac. CEO Steve Hilton says, “It seems to me the energy in politics is there,” on the progressive side. It could also be a network effect — friends telling friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other respects, the platform is seeing substantial diversity — with disproportionately high use among women candidates, people under 35, and non-lawyers (scientists, doctors and professors).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hilton himself is neither a Democrat nor a Republican. A former senior adviser to U.K. Prime Minister David Cameron, Hilton moved to Silicon Valley in recent years and considers himself so independent, he’s made up his own label: “a positive populist.” He says the reason there’s so much turmoil in politics is “the traditional party structure is a failure and the parties have totally let down half the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes to see a “big political realignment” one day. And he says this crowdfunding platform — which lets political outsiders explore first, commit later — is a practical way the tech sector can help bring new blood into the tired business of politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Thinking+Of+Running+For+Office%3F+A+Website+Lets+You+Test+The+Waters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Regina Bateson doesn’t look like a gambler, but that’s what she’s become — in the world of politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She just left her tenure-track job at MIT to run for Congress back home, in Northern California. She’s a Democrat with zero campaign experience. And she needs to unseat the Republican incumbent in her solidly Republican district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s fighting this unlikely fight because technology — in the form of an online platform called Crowdpac.com — made her believe it’s possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson had a good life. She was a political science professor at MIT. She was a mom — just had twins, in fact. And then, the November 2016 election happened. Bateson recalls lying on a rug, infants in her arms, and crying. She says she was thinking about what Donald Trump’s victory meant for her kids: “I have three boys. They’re all little boys. And I don’t want them to grow up in a world where bullying is the norm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That night she was in shock. Then, over the coming days and weeks, she started to feel a higher calling. She took a good long look around and told herself: “This is a time when we all have to stand up, and have the biggest impact that we can. We each need to do the biggest thing that we can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The biggest thing\u003c/em>. It’s a thought a lot of people are having.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/546061687/547219489\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson started eyeing politics back home. She’s a Democrat from California’s 4th Congressional District — a stunningly beautiful district that includes Lake Tahoe and Yosemite National Park. It went to Trump. Yet she’s convinced the incumbent, Republican Rep. Tom McClintock, can be defeated because, she says, “he’s so out of touch with his constituents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the environment. According to a \u003ca href=\"http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/visualizations-data/ycom-us-2016/\">Yale survey\u003c/a>, 69 percent of the district believes climate change is happening. And in a \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/wiwD0RcgJb0?t=46m\">town hall meeting\u003c/a>, McClintock denied it was happening. “The climate changes rather dramatically over the millennium,” he said. “There is a great debate right now over the climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A man shouted back, “No, there isn’t!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson was sitting in the bleachers, her blood boiling. In 2008, McClintock won office by a tiny margin. But he’s been winning with landslides ever since. She has a theory about why: The Democrats who have tried to unseat him didn’t raise enough money. She looked into the records and saw that candidates raised only about $9,700 to $105,000. That’s chump change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While issues and party affiliation matter, money also matters. A campaign is like a startup. You need to pump it with cash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is where the internet begins to factor into this story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson wanted to find ways to raise money for Democrats in her district. So she Googled terms like “Kickstarter politics.” And she got back a site called \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdpac.com/\">Crowdpac.com\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other sites, Crowdpac (which is nonpartisan), ranks candidates on issues and lets you donate. Unlike others, Crowdpac also lets you explore the idea of running for office, without having to commit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a simple idea that has worked to grow marketplaces and competition outside of politics. If you’re thinking about creating a dream juicer, there are plenty of places to go to raise money, like Kickstarter. But if you think you may want to run for office — be a congressperson — until recently there hadn’t been a place online where you could test the waters financially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson recalls sitting at her computer the night of the town hall and feeling seduced by the language on Crowdpac. “They used the word ‘explore,’ ” she says. “If you’re exploring running for office, you should make a site and see how it turns out. See what you think. Maybe share it with some people for feedback.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson made \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdpac.com/campaigns/208595/regina-bateson-for-congress-a-fresh-alternative-for-californias-4th-district\">a page\u003c/a> for herself. It went viral in her district. She got more than $4,000 in the first 24 hours. In just over a month, she hit her goal of $20,000. And emboldened by this strange realization — that people she doesn’t even know are willing to give her campaign money — the former professor decided to leave her job and become Candidate Bateson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone had said to me you need to make a decision today — that you’re definitively, definitely running — I would have said no,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her family have moved backed to the 4th District — and she’s just wrapped up her own town hall in Granite Bay, California. “This is so exhausting,” she admits. She’s not used to this lifestyle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an uphill battle. A senior Democratic Party strategist says “crazier things have happened,” but it’s a “tough district” and others in California offer “more fertile ground” for the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Huey, campaign manager for Rep. McClintock’s re-election, writes in an email to NPR that “every race in the country is going to be hotly contested because of the temper of the times.” That said, Huey continues, “I think [Bateson’s] in for a big surprise if she thinks the close 2008 race is predictive of the 2018 race.” In 2008, McClintock was brand-new to the district and, despite being outspent by the other Republican in the primary (his $900,000 to the challenger’s $6.4 million), he prevailed. Since then, following redistricting, the 4th District includes some of the most conservative counties in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bateson has an ambitious goal — to raise $3.5 million — and hopes that the small amounts she’s been able to raise online help convince bigger donors and her party’s gatekeepers (the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee) that her district is competitive after all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11614717\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11614717\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/08/crowdpac_custom-328aaf8fd1f30eee173f6fc2fdccb4dc2653d1be-800x278.png\" alt=\"Crowdpac data indicates diversity in candidates.\" width=\"800\" height=\"278\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Crowdpac data indicates diversity in candidates. \u003ccite>(crowdpac.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Around the country, a handful of political newbies are doing what Bateson did — including Republicans, third-party hopefuls and even \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdpac.com/races/2018/ca/federal/house/4\"> two other Democrats\u003c/a> in her district. The San Francisco-based startup makes money by \u003ca href=\"https://www.crowdpac.com/pricing\">taking a cut\u003c/a> from the donations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a 10-1 ratio of Democrats to Republicans seeking support on Crowdpac. CEO Steve Hilton says, “It seems to me the energy in politics is there,” on the progressive side. It could also be a network effect — friends telling friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other respects, the platform is seeing substantial diversity — with disproportionately high use among women candidates, people under 35, and non-lawyers (scientists, doctors and professors).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hilton himself is neither a Democrat nor a Republican. A former senior adviser to U.K. Prime Minister David Cameron, Hilton moved to Silicon Valley in recent years and considers himself so independent, he’s made up his own label: “a positive populist.” He says the reason there’s so much turmoil in politics is “the traditional party structure is a failure and the parties have totally let down half the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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