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"content": "\u003cp>On their first opportunity since a new law took effect Jan. 1, seven casino-owning Native American tribes filed suit in Sacramento County Thursday against dozens of California card rooms, opening a new front in one of last year’s most expensive political battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, millions of dollars of tax revenues that pay for city services such as police and road repairs could be in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribes’ suit alleges that the gambling halls scattered across California are illegally offering card games such as blackjack and pai gow poker that cut into the tribes’ gambling revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Defendants brazenly profit from illegal gambling,” the tribes said in the opening line of their lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, a card room industry representative said the card rooms are “in full compliance with the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This attempt by tribal casinos to shut down lawful competition by tax-paying California businesses will fail,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit would not have been possible if Gov. Gavin Newsom hadn’t \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/digital-democracy/2024/09/california-casinos-gambling-cities-newsom/\">signed Senate Bill 549 in September\u003c/a>. Tribes say California voters years ago gave them the exclusive rights to host the disputed table games, which they use to benefit historically disenfranchised tribal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, because the tribes are sovereign governments, they lacked legal standing to sue the state’s 80 or so privately owned gambling halls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill gave tribes a three-month window to sue card rooms starting Jan. 1. They filed the lawsuit on the first day California courts opened for business in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, tribes cannot receive any money or attorneys’ fees from the lawsuit. Instead, judges will only decide whether card rooms can continue to offer the disputed games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high since some cities receive nearly half of their budgets from taxes on card rooms, meaning a tribal victory in court could jeopardize money for police, firefighters and other local services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, nearly two-thirds of the budget for the small city of Hawaiian Gardens and almost half for the city of Commerce, both in Los Angeles County, come from local card rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose City Councilmember Sergio Jimenez told lawmakers in July that the city receives $30 million each year from card rooms, enough to fund 150 police officers or 133 firefighters. Jimenez said that money’s in jeopardy if the tribes end up prevailing in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The card room industry claims the games are legal and that the attorney general’s office has approved each of them over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='tribes' label='More Tribal News']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit comes after tribes persuaded lawmakers last year to pass \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb549?slug=CA_202320240SB549&_gl=1*1jz7mmg*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzEzMzQuNTcuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.\">SB 549\u003c/a> in what was one of the most costly political fights of the two-year legislative session that concluded last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bipartisan coalition of lawmakers, many of them with large tribal casinos in their districts, pushed for the gambling measure, while a smaller group of lawmakers with card rooms in their districts opposed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It followed a failed 2022 sports betting initiative that the tribes spent millions of dollars to sponsor and that included a similar provision that would have let the tribes sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opposing gambling interests donated at least $4.3 million to the 120 members of the Legislature since January 2023, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/?_gl=1*1jz7mmg*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzEzMzQuNTcuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.\">Digital Democracy database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing what they saw as an existential threat, card rooms responded to SB 549’s introduction with a massive lobbying blitz. In 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/02/california-lobbying-state-government/\">Hawaiian Gardens Casino\u003c/a> alone spent $9.1 million on lobbying, the second-highest amount reported to state regulators. Only the international oil giant, Chevron Corp., spent more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, despite losing the battle over SB 549, the card room industry \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/elections/2024/12/california-election-gambling-card-rooms/\">spent more than $3 million\u003c/a> in the lead-up to the November election in retaliation against four lawmakers who played key roles in the bill’s passage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three of the candidates targeted by the card rooms ended up losing, including the bill’s author, Democratic Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/people/100941?_gl=1*13zha4a*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzEzMzQuNTcuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.\">Josh Newman\u003c/a> of Fullerton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On their first opportunity since a new law took effect Jan. 1, seven casino-owning Native American tribes filed suit in Sacramento County Thursday against dozens of California card rooms, opening a new front in one of last year’s most expensive political battles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, millions of dollars of tax revenues that pay for city services such as police and road repairs could be in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tribes’ suit alleges that the gambling halls scattered across California are illegally offering card games such as blackjack and pai gow poker that cut into the tribes’ gambling revenues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Defendants brazenly profit from illegal gambling,” the tribes said in the opening line of their lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, a card room industry representative said the card rooms are “in full compliance with the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This attempt by tribal casinos to shut down lawful competition by tax-paying California businesses will fail,” the statement said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit would not have been possible if Gov. Gavin Newsom hadn’t \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/digital-democracy/2024/09/california-casinos-gambling-cities-newsom/\">signed Senate Bill 549 in September\u003c/a>. Tribes say California voters years ago gave them the exclusive rights to host the disputed table games, which they use to benefit historically disenfranchised tribal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, because the tribes are sovereign governments, they lacked legal standing to sue the state’s 80 or so privately owned gambling halls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill gave tribes a three-month window to sue card rooms starting Jan. 1. They filed the lawsuit on the first day California courts opened for business in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the bill, tribes cannot receive any money or attorneys’ fees from the lawsuit. Instead, judges will only decide whether card rooms can continue to offer the disputed games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high since some cities receive nearly half of their budgets from taxes on card rooms, meaning a tribal victory in court could jeopardize money for police, firefighters and other local services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, nearly two-thirds of the budget for the small city of Hawaiian Gardens and almost half for the city of Commerce, both in Los Angeles County, come from local card rooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose City Councilmember Sergio Jimenez told lawmakers in July that the city receives $30 million each year from card rooms, enough to fund 150 police officers or 133 firefighters. Jimenez said that money’s in jeopardy if the tribes end up prevailing in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The card room industry claims the games are legal and that the attorney general’s office has approved each of them over the years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit comes after tribes persuaded lawmakers last year to pass \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb549?slug=CA_202320240SB549&_gl=1*1jz7mmg*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzEzMzQuNTcuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.\">SB 549\u003c/a> in what was one of the most costly political fights of the two-year legislative session that concluded last summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A bipartisan coalition of lawmakers, many of them with large tribal casinos in their districts, pushed for the gambling measure, while a smaller group of lawmakers with card rooms in their districts opposed it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It followed a failed 2022 sports betting initiative that the tribes spent millions of dollars to sponsor and that included a similar provision that would have let the tribes sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opposing gambling interests donated at least $4.3 million to the 120 members of the Legislature since January 2023, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/?_gl=1*1jz7mmg*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzEzMzQuNTcuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.\">Digital Democracy database\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facing what they saw as an existential threat, card rooms responded to SB 549’s introduction with a massive lobbying blitz. In 2023, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/02/california-lobbying-state-government/\">Hawaiian Gardens Casino\u003c/a> alone spent $9.1 million on lobbying, the second-highest amount reported to state regulators. Only the international oil giant, Chevron Corp., spent more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, despite losing the battle over SB 549, the card room industry \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/elections/2024/12/california-election-gambling-card-rooms/\">spent more than $3 million\u003c/a> in the lead-up to the November election in retaliation against four lawmakers who played key roles in the bill’s passage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three of the candidates targeted by the card rooms ended up losing, including the bill’s author, Democratic Sen. \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/people/100941?_gl=1*13zha4a*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzEzMzQuNTcuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNTkyOTQ4My4zNS4xLjE3MzU5MzA2NDkuMC4wLjA.\">Josh Newman\u003c/a> of Fullerton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Lurie Names SF’s 1st Chief of Public Safety, Tapping Former Police Commander",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor-elect \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/daniel-lurie\">Daniel Lurie\u003c/a> is assembling the top brass for his incoming administration, announcing Thursday that retired Police Department commander Paul Yep will oversee public safety efforts in the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPD veteran will direct policy dealing with the Police Department as well as the Fire Department and emergency management at a time when public safety is a top issue among many San Franciscans — and also as the city is reporting significant decreases in crime, including the lowest number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1HoZztrys0\">homicides in nearly 60 years\u003c/a> in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m deeply honored that Mayor-elect Lurie has entrusted this position with me, and I am super excited and optimistic about our city under his leadership,” Yep said in an interview. “I want to ensure that everyone that lives, works and visits our city is safe when they are in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep is the second person named to fill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017698/lurie-unveils-major-shakeup-san-francisco-mayors-office\">four new policy director roles\u003c/a> that Lurie has created for his administration; the mayor-elect is expected to soon name his director of infrastructure, climate and mobility, as well as director of public health and well-being. Lurie recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018617/lurie-taps-ex-twitter-exec-tackle-sfs-housing-shortage-economic-rebound\">named former Twitter executive Ned Segal\u003c/a> as his director of housing and economic development and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017884/sf-mayor-elect-daniel-lurie-taps-former-giants-executive-lead-staff\">former Giants vice president Staci Slaughter as his chief of staff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four new policy directors will oversee the city’s 56 agencies and, alongside Slaughter, will report directly to the mayor. Lurie’s first day in office is Jan. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud to announce Paul Yep as the first ever Chief of Public Safety. Paul has dedicated his career to keeping San Franciscans safe and there is no one better for this critical job,” Lurie said in a statement. “Together, we will support our law enforcement and ensure that every resident, worker, and visitor is safe in our city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12020128 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/01/20250102_AlemanyShooting_GC-9-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coupled with a devastating housing crisis and overdose epidemic, the COVID-19 pandemic ushered in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906253/violent-crime-soared-during-the-pandemic-but-does-the-political-debate-reflect-the-data\">spikes in property theft and retail crim\u003c/a>e, putting many voters on edge over the street conditions they witnessed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last year, however, theft and property crimes, as well as violent crime in San Francisco, have all dropped, according to SFPD data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those gradual declines, Mayor London Breed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005687/sf-homicides-are-on-track-for-60-year-low-why-does-crime-still-dominate-the-discourse\">struggled to reassure residents that safety was improving\u003c/a>, and in November, voters opted for a fresh start with Lurie, an heir to the Levi Strauss fortune with no prior experience in government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep worked closely with Lurie on the campaign trail and endorsed his run for mayor. In addition to having nearly 28 years with the Police Department, Yep also brings to City Hall his ties to the city’s Asian American communities. That will be critical as he helps Lurie navigate challenges that his predecessor also encountered, like rising incidents of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003096/public-safety-takes-center-stage-as-sf-mayoral-hopefuls-court-chinese-american-voters\">anti-Asian hate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On issues concerning public safety and so much more, Paul has been a trusted ally to the Chinese community for years,” said Anni Chung, president and CEO of Self-Help for the Elderly, a community-based organization for mostly immigrant and monolingual Asian seniors. “I’m excited to hear that he’ll continue to serve not just our community but every San Franciscan in this critical role.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep said addressing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014887/sf-report-offers-zurich-style-overdose-prevention-plan\">the city’s fentanyl crisis\u003c/a> will be one of his top priorities in the mayor’s office, but he did not provide specific details about what the administration’s response will look like. He said he wants to increase police staffing overall but also supports the city’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994288/you-mean-something-to-someone-overcoming-homelessness-and-addiction-this-san-francisco-woman-now-helps-others-heal\">street crisis response teams\u003c/a> that offer an alternative to police for calls relating to mental health and other nonviolent emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have to leverage our resources to address these issues in a really smart, smart way moving forward and immediately,” Yep said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor-elect \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/daniel-lurie\">Daniel Lurie\u003c/a> is assembling the top brass for his incoming administration, announcing Thursday that retired Police Department commander Paul Yep will oversee public safety efforts in the mayor’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFPD veteran will direct policy dealing with the Police Department as well as the Fire Department and emergency management at a time when public safety is a top issue among many San Franciscans — and also as the city is reporting significant decreases in crime, including the lowest number of \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E1HoZztrys0\">homicides in nearly 60 years\u003c/a> in 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m deeply honored that Mayor-elect Lurie has entrusted this position with me, and I am super excited and optimistic about our city under his leadership,” Yep said in an interview. “I want to ensure that everyone that lives, works and visits our city is safe when they are in San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep is the second person named to fill \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017698/lurie-unveils-major-shakeup-san-francisco-mayors-office\">four new policy director roles\u003c/a> that Lurie has created for his administration; the mayor-elect is expected to soon name his director of infrastructure, climate and mobility, as well as director of public health and well-being. Lurie recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018617/lurie-taps-ex-twitter-exec-tackle-sfs-housing-shortage-economic-rebound\">named former Twitter executive Ned Segal\u003c/a> as his director of housing and economic development and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017884/sf-mayor-elect-daniel-lurie-taps-former-giants-executive-lead-staff\">former Giants vice president Staci Slaughter as his chief of staff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The four new policy directors will oversee the city’s 56 agencies and, alongside Slaughter, will report directly to the mayor. Lurie’s first day in office is Jan. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m proud to announce Paul Yep as the first ever Chief of Public Safety. Paul has dedicated his career to keeping San Franciscans safe and there is no one better for this critical job,” Lurie said in a statement. “Together, we will support our law enforcement and ensure that every resident, worker, and visitor is safe in our city.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coupled with a devastating housing crisis and overdose epidemic, the COVID-19 pandemic ushered in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11906253/violent-crime-soared-during-the-pandemic-but-does-the-political-debate-reflect-the-data\">spikes in property theft and retail crim\u003c/a>e, putting many voters on edge over the street conditions they witnessed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last year, however, theft and property crimes, as well as violent crime in San Francisco, have all dropped, according to SFPD data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite those gradual declines, Mayor London Breed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12005687/sf-homicides-are-on-track-for-60-year-low-why-does-crime-still-dominate-the-discourse\">struggled to reassure residents that safety was improving\u003c/a>, and in November, voters opted for a fresh start with Lurie, an heir to the Levi Strauss fortune with no prior experience in government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep worked closely with Lurie on the campaign trail and endorsed his run for mayor. In addition to having nearly 28 years with the Police Department, Yep also brings to City Hall his ties to the city’s Asian American communities. That will be critical as he helps Lurie navigate challenges that his predecessor also encountered, like rising incidents of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003096/public-safety-takes-center-stage-as-sf-mayoral-hopefuls-court-chinese-american-voters\">anti-Asian hate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On issues concerning public safety and so much more, Paul has been a trusted ally to the Chinese community for years,” said Anni Chung, president and CEO of Self-Help for the Elderly, a community-based organization for mostly immigrant and monolingual Asian seniors. “I’m excited to hear that he’ll continue to serve not just our community but every San Franciscan in this critical role.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yep said addressing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014887/sf-report-offers-zurich-style-overdose-prevention-plan\">the city’s fentanyl crisis\u003c/a> will be one of his top priorities in the mayor’s office, but he did not provide specific details about what the administration’s response will look like. He said he wants to increase police staffing overall but also supports the city’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1994288/you-mean-something-to-someone-overcoming-homelessness-and-addiction-this-san-francisco-woman-now-helps-others-heal\">street crisis response teams\u003c/a> that offer an alternative to police for calls relating to mental health and other nonviolent emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to have to leverage our resources to address these issues in a really smart, smart way moving forward and immediately,” Yep said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "New Law Inspired by Ex-Lawmaker's DUI Adds to Alcohol Education in California Schools",
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"content": "\u003cp>California public school students will get additional coursework on the harms of alcohol in 2025, thanks to a new law from a former lawmaker whose drunken driving arrest inspired her legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2865?slug=CA_202320240AB2865\">Assembly Bill 2865\u003c/a> by former Los Angeles Democratic Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/people/144588\">Wendy Carrillo\u003c/a>, whose DUI last year helped derail her political career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools are already required to provide instruction about alcohol, narcotics and other dangerous drugs. This bill \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/06/ca-alcohol-harms-high-school/\">would require\u003c/a> that schools also provide instruction about the short- and long-term harms of excessive drinking — including alcohol’s link to chronic diseases, mental health problems and deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she pitched her bill to her colleagues in 2024, Carrillo told them that it was important for students to learn about alcohol’s consequences in the hopes they don’t go down the path she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish I would have known in high school what I know now,” she said at one hearing. “I would have made different choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 3, 2023, Carrillo crashed into parked cars in Northeast Los Angeles. Police said her blood-alcohol level was twice the legal limit, according to the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>. She ended up pleading no contest to the DUI in the middle of her race for Los Angeles City Council, which she lost. Because she ran for city council, Carrillo left her Assembly seat this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo said her DUI was a wake up call for her. She said she started going to therapy and became sober. As she reflected on her life, she said her own struggles with booze began at an early age. And she was troubled by how prevalent alcohol is in society, despite its documented dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alcohol is a national and global health issue\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to federal health officials, alcohol-related diseases kill 178,000 people in the U.S. each year, and death rates are increasing. Noting that alcohol causes at least seven types of cancer, including bowel and breast cancers, the World Health Organization last year declared that “when it comes to alcohol consumption, there is no safe amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo testified that 54 Californians die each day from alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want young people to learn early how something that is so legally and easily accessible can do so much harm if not consumed with more knowledge and more responsibility,” she told her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her bill passed without any lawmakers voting against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What law will do\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the new law, school boards can decide which grades receive the new instruction. They can ask the state for reimbursements for the costs of instruction, training and updates to instructional materials, said Nicholas Filipas, a spokesperson for the California Department of Education.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12013558,news_12019076,news_12013686\"]At the San Juan Unified School District in the Sacramento region, educators shouldn’t have trouble rolling the bill’s requirements into their schools’ curriculum, said Raj Rai, a spokesperson for the district, which educates about 39,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alcohol education has been embedded into our high school health class curriculum for quite some time,” Rai said in an email. “Our curriculum team will review the currently adopted health materials to see if anything additional is needed to meet the new requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjuan.edu/resources/student-support-services/prevention-programs/substance-use-prevention-education-supe\">district already has several programs\u003c/a> that teach students grades six through 12 about the harms of alcohol and drugs with the goal of reducing or eliminating teen substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s high schools also regularly participate in California’s Highway Patrol’s “Every 15 Minutes,” Rai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/programs-services/programs/youth-programs/every-15-minutes\">CHP describes the program\u003c/a> as challenging teens to “think about drinking, driving, personal safety, the responsibility of making mature decisions and the impact their decisions have on family, friends, their community, and many others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California public school students will get additional coursework on the harms of alcohol in 2025, thanks to a new law from a former lawmaker whose drunken driving arrest inspired her legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In September, Gov. Gavin Newsom signed \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab2865?slug=CA_202320240AB2865\">Assembly Bill 2865\u003c/a> by former Los Angeles Democratic Assemblymember \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/people/144588\">Wendy Carrillo\u003c/a>, whose DUI last year helped derail her political career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California schools are already required to provide instruction about alcohol, narcotics and other dangerous drugs. This bill \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/06/ca-alcohol-harms-high-school/\">would require\u003c/a> that schools also provide instruction about the short- and long-term harms of excessive drinking — including alcohol’s link to chronic diseases, mental health problems and deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As she pitched her bill to her colleagues in 2024, Carrillo told them that it was important for students to learn about alcohol’s consequences in the hopes they don’t go down the path she did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish I would have known in high school what I know now,” she said at one hearing. “I would have made different choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Nov. 3, 2023, Carrillo crashed into parked cars in Northeast Los Angeles. Police said her blood-alcohol level was twice the legal limit, according to the \u003cem>Los Angeles Times\u003c/em>. She ended up pleading no contest to the DUI in the middle of her race for Los Angeles City Council, which she lost. Because she ran for city council, Carrillo left her Assembly seat this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo said her DUI was a wake up call for her. She said she started going to therapy and became sober. As she reflected on her life, she said her own struggles with booze began at an early age. And she was troubled by how prevalent alcohol is in society, despite its documented dangers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Alcohol is a national and global health issue\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to federal health officials, alcohol-related diseases kill 178,000 people in the U.S. each year, and death rates are increasing. Noting that alcohol causes at least seven types of cancer, including bowel and breast cancers, the World Health Organization last year declared that “when it comes to alcohol consumption, there is no safe amount.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carrillo testified that 54 Californians die each day from alcohol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want young people to learn early how something that is so legally and easily accessible can do so much harm if not consumed with more knowledge and more responsibility,” she told her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her bill passed without any lawmakers voting against it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What law will do\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Under the new law, school boards can decide which grades receive the new instruction. They can ask the state for reimbursements for the costs of instruction, training and updates to instructional materials, said Nicholas Filipas, a spokesperson for the California Department of Education.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At the San Juan Unified School District in the Sacramento region, educators shouldn’t have trouble rolling the bill’s requirements into their schools’ curriculum, said Raj Rai, a spokesperson for the district, which educates about 39,000 students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Alcohol education has been embedded into our high school health class curriculum for quite some time,” Rai said in an email. “Our curriculum team will review the currently adopted health materials to see if anything additional is needed to meet the new requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjuan.edu/resources/student-support-services/prevention-programs/substance-use-prevention-education-supe\">district already has several programs\u003c/a> that teach students grades six through 12 about the harms of alcohol and drugs with the goal of reducing or eliminating teen substance abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s high schools also regularly participate in California’s Highway Patrol’s “Every 15 Minutes,” Rai said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.chp.ca.gov/programs-services/programs/youth-programs/every-15-minutes\">CHP describes the program\u003c/a> as challenging teens to “think about drinking, driving, personal safety, the responsibility of making mature decisions and the impact their decisions have on family, friends, their community, and many others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Jimmy Carter to Be Honored With a State Funeral Before Being Buried Next to Rosalynn",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jimmy Carter will be honored with a state funeral before being laid to rest in his hometown of Plains, Georiga — buried next to his wife, Rosalynn, beside a willow tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter, the 39th president of the United States, died in Plains on Sunday at age 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/29/432214948/carters-single-white-house-term-controversy\">president from 1977 to 1981\u003c/a>, but he was perhaps more famous for the life he led after leaving office. Carter was one of the biggest advocates for peace, democracy and international human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cartercenter.org/about/experts/jimmy_carter.html\">James “Jimmy” Earl Carter Jr.\u003c/a> was born on Oct. 1, 1924, and spent his childhood on a farm just outside Plains, a tiny southwest Georgia community. His father was a peanut farmer; his mother, “Miss Lillian,” was a nurse. He was the first president of the United States to be born in a hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other than Jimmy Carter, no person from the Deep South since the American Civil War had been elected president,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.cartercenter.org/about/experts/steven_hochman.html\">Steven Hochman\u003c/a>, a longtime assistant to the former president who works for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cartercenter.org/\">Carter Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jimmy who?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Growing up on the farm, Carter learned the value of hard work and determination. He qualified for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usna.edu/Notables/featured/01carter.php\">U.S. Naval Academy\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/people/presidents/carter.html\">became an engineer, working on submarines\u003c/a>. However, Carter resigned from the Navy in 1953 after his father died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Plains, he was elected to the Georgia Senate and became the first Georgia governor to \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=olMEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false\">speak out against racial discrimination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lifelong Democrat like most Southerners at the time, Carter was a political unknown when he began a national campaign in 1974 and was first referred to as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?409401-1/jimmy-who#\">Jimmy Who?\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a grassroots effort changed that, Hochman said. “He would campaign on the street corners and go to radio stations. Nobody knew who he was except that he was running for president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter’s friends and family from Georgia, called \u003ca href=\"https://artsandculture.google.com/story/jimmy-carter-the-peanut-brigade-and-the-%E2%80%9876-democratic-primaries-jimmy-carter-presidential-library-and-museum/ggWh7kJQcQQ-LQ?hl=en\">the Peanut Brigade\u003c/a>, traveled to New Hampshire, Iowa, and all over the country, talking to voters and campaigning for Carter, the dependable Southerner who wanted to be president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019963\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy-800x654.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy-1020x834.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy-1536x1256.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Democratic presidential candidate Jimmy Carter greets a young supporter as he arrives in Manchester, N.H., on Aug. 3, 1976. Carter was in New Hampshire for a rally and fundraising events. \u003ccite>(Peter Bregg/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the campaign, Carter told audiences, “I’ll never tell a lie. I’ll never make a misleading statement. I’ll never betray the trust of those who have confidence in me, and I will never avoid a controversial issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter was elected when the mood of the country was bitter and cynical in the wake of the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal. The man from Georgia struck out on a different course on his inauguration day: Carter and his wife, Rosalynn Carter, stepped out of the bulletproof limousine and walked to the White House to demonstrate their connection with the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was mainly an attempt to draw a distinction between what he saw as the people’s presidency and the more imperial presidency of Richard Nixon,” said historian Dan Carter (no relation to Jimmy Carter).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Carter White House\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among Jimmy Carter’s accomplishments were the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/research/additional-resources/camp-david-accords/camp-david-accords-after-twenty-five-years\">Camp David Accords\u003c/a>, which brought together the prime minister of Israel and the president of Egypt in 1978. They signed peace agreements on the White House lawn, and Carter spoke about the dedication and determination of the leaders who had been enemies for so many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The accords led to a peace treaty, but the relationship between the two Mideast countries remained tenuous. While in office, Carter also worked on the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/salt\">SALT II nuclear weapons agreement\u003c/a> and signed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/the-panama-canal-the-ratification-of-the-carter-torrijos-treaties.htm\">Panama Canal treaties\u003c/a>, giving control of the canal to Panama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Carter’s most difficult challenge was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/research/hostage_crisis_in_iran\">Iran hostage crisis\u003c/a>. Militants stormed the U.S. Embassy in Iran in 1979 and took dozens of Americans hostage. People were glued to reports on the crisis for more than a year, as Carter continued to negotiate for the release of the hostages. In 1980, a failed rescue attempt led to the deaths of eight American servicepeople.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also battled domestic problems, including an energy crisis and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/29/1001023637/think-inflation-is-bad-now-lets-take-a-step-back-to-the-1970s\">double-digit inflation\u003c/a>. Carter held a series of meetings among his Cabinet members that resulted in a blunt television address in 1979 that came to be known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106508243\">“malaise” speech\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear that the true problems of our nation are much deeper — deeper than gasoline lines or energy shortages, deeper even than inflation or recession. And I realize more than ever that as president, I need your help,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?153917-1/president-carter-address-crisis-confidence\">Carter pleaded\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter established a federal energy policy. He created the departments of Energy and Education. Still, he lost his bid for reelection by a landslide to Republican Ronald Reagan. And it wasn’t until moments after Reagan was sworn in as president on Jan. 20, 1981, that the 52 remaining hostages were released. Carter was allowed to welcome them home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had received word officially for the first time that the aircraft carrying the 52 American hostages had cleared Iranian airspace on the first leg of the journey home and that every one of the 52 hostages was alive, was well and free,” Carter said as his voice broke.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life after Washington\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After leaving office, Carter became dedicated to promoting democracy, monitoring elections, building homes with Habitat for Humanity and eradicating disease in some of the world’s poorest countries. In 1982, the president and his wife opened the Carter Center in Atlanta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15051264\">interview with NPR in 2007\u003c/a>, Carter talked about his experiences. “And for the last 25 years, my life could not have been more expansive and unpredictable and adventurous and gratifying,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2002/carter/facts/\">Carter won the Nobel Peace Prize\u003c/a>, an honor some said he had earned a quarter century earlier when he negotiated the Camp David Accords. He ended his acceptance speech with a plea for peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“War may sometimes be a necessary evil, but no matter how necessary, it is always evil, never a good. We will not learn how to live together in peace by killing each other’s children,” Carter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former president continued international peace missions throughout his lifetime, meeting with the leaders of countries that some U.S. presidents refused to acknowledge, including North Korea, Nicaragua and Cuba. In 2008, he met with the exiled leader of the militant Islamist group Hamas, despite harsh criticism from the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019964\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and other members of the Elders group attend a meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Moscow in April 2015. The Elders group comprises global leaders who advocate for peace, justice and human rights — goals that Carter spent a lifetime pursuing after leaving the presidency. \u003ccite>(Vasily Maximov/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Historian Dan Carter said that the former president did prove to be a kind of honest broker for peace in many cases and that as Jimmy Carter grew older, he was less afraid of speaking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And his meeting with Hamas, sure, it was a provocative thing, but he felt it was the right thing to do,” said Dan Carter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimmy Carter wrote more than 20 books, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/7004473\">most controversial titled \u003cem>Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. He was a religious man, attending a Baptist church and teaching Bible school for many years. And he was a statesman — hardworking and plain talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Carter Center’s Hochman said the 39th president was one of the most remarkable leaders in U.S. history. “I think he’ll be remembered as a champion of human rights and peace, both as president and as a former president,” Hochman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter entered \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/18/1158166497/jimmy-carter-enters-hospice-care\">hospice care\u003c/a> in February 2023. The longest-lived former president had suffered from a series of health challenges in recent years, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/06/458680791/former-president-jimmy-carter-says-he-is-cancer-free\">surviving cancer\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/13/722948126/former-president-jimmy-carter-suffers-broken-hip\">broken hip\u003c/a> and other recent hospitalizations for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/22/772197032/jimmy-carter-fractures-pelvis-is-hospitalized-after-fall\">a fractured pelvis\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/04/784862723/former-president-jimmy-carter-discharged-from-hospital\">a urinary tract infection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Rosalynn celebrated their \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1214151967/rosalynn-jimmy-carter-marriage-77-years\">77th wedding anniversary\u003c/a> in 2023, a few months before \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/19/1019825478/former-first-lady-rosalynn-carter-dies\">she died at the age of 96\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter’s wishes were to be buried next to Rosalynn in his hometown of Plains, Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Carter, the 39th president of the United States, died in his hometown of Plains, Georgia, on Sunday at age 100. Carter's wishes were to be buried next to Rosalynn in Plains.",
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"title": "Jimmy Carter to Be Honored With a State Funeral Before Being Buried Next to Rosalynn | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jimmy Carter will be honored with a state funeral before being laid to rest in his hometown of Plains, Georiga — buried next to his wife, Rosalynn, beside a willow tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter, the 39th president of the United States, died in Plains on Sunday at age 100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/29/432214948/carters-single-white-house-term-controversy\">president from 1977 to 1981\u003c/a>, but he was perhaps more famous for the life he led after leaving office. Carter was one of the biggest advocates for peace, democracy and international human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cartercenter.org/about/experts/jimmy_carter.html\">James “Jimmy” Earl Carter Jr.\u003c/a> was born on Oct. 1, 1924, and spent his childhood on a farm just outside Plains, a tiny southwest Georgia community. His father was a peanut farmer; his mother, “Miss Lillian,” was a nurse. He was the first president of the United States to be born in a hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other than Jimmy Carter, no person from the Deep South since the American Civil War had been elected president,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.cartercenter.org/about/experts/steven_hochman.html\">Steven Hochman\u003c/a>, a longtime assistant to the former president who works for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cartercenter.org/\">Carter Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Jimmy who?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Growing up on the farm, Carter learned the value of hard work and determination. He qualified for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usna.edu/Notables/featured/01carter.php\">U.S. Naval Academy\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.navy.mil/browse-by-topic/people/presidents/carter.html\">became an engineer, working on submarines\u003c/a>. However, Carter resigned from the Navy in 1953 after his father died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in Plains, he was elected to the Georgia Senate and became the first Georgia governor to \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=olMEAAAAMBAJ&lpg=PP1&pg=PA30#v=onepage&q&f=false\">speak out against racial discrimination\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lifelong Democrat like most Southerners at the time, Carter was a political unknown when he began a national campaign in 1974 and was first referred to as “\u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?409401-1/jimmy-who#\">Jimmy Who?\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a grassroots effort changed that, Hochman said. “He would campaign on the street corners and go to radio stations. Nobody knew who he was except that he was running for president.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter’s friends and family from Georgia, called \u003ca href=\"https://artsandculture.google.com/story/jimmy-carter-the-peanut-brigade-and-the-%E2%80%9876-democratic-primaries-jimmy-carter-presidential-library-and-museum/ggWh7kJQcQQ-LQ?hl=en\">the Peanut Brigade\u003c/a>, traveled to New Hampshire, Iowa, and all over the country, talking to voters and campaigning for Carter, the dependable Southerner who wanted to be president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019963\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019963\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1308\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy-800x654.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy-1020x834.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy-160x131.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/ap760803099_custom-fb750d79fbf96ef75629e3d49c66171baf3b12d8-copy-1536x1256.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Democratic presidential candidate Jimmy Carter greets a young supporter as he arrives in Manchester, N.H., on Aug. 3, 1976. Carter was in New Hampshire for a rally and fundraising events. \u003ccite>(Peter Bregg/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During the campaign, Carter told audiences, “I’ll never tell a lie. I’ll never make a misleading statement. I’ll never betray the trust of those who have confidence in me, and I will never avoid a controversial issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter was elected when the mood of the country was bitter and cynical in the wake of the Vietnam War and the Watergate scandal. The man from Georgia struck out on a different course on his inauguration day: Carter and his wife, Rosalynn Carter, stepped out of the bulletproof limousine and walked to the White House to demonstrate their connection with the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was mainly an attempt to draw a distinction between what he saw as the people’s presidency and the more imperial presidency of Richard Nixon,” said historian Dan Carter (no relation to Jimmy Carter).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Carter White House\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Among Jimmy Carter’s accomplishments were the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/research/additional-resources/camp-david-accords/camp-david-accords-after-twenty-five-years\">Camp David Accords\u003c/a>, which brought together the prime minister of Israel and the president of Egypt in 1978. They signed peace agreements on the White House lawn, and Carter spoke about the dedication and determination of the leaders who had been enemies for so many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The accords led to a peace treaty, but the relationship between the two Mideast countries remained tenuous. While in office, Carter also worked on the \u003ca href=\"https://history.state.gov/milestones/1969-1976/salt\">SALT II nuclear weapons agreement\u003c/a> and signed the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/teachers/classrooms/the-panama-canal-the-ratification-of-the-carter-torrijos-treaties.htm\">Panama Canal treaties\u003c/a>, giving control of the canal to Panama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Carter’s most difficult challenge was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jimmycarterlibrary.gov/research/hostage_crisis_in_iran\">Iran hostage crisis\u003c/a>. Militants stormed the U.S. Embassy in Iran in 1979 and took dozens of Americans hostage. People were glued to reports on the crisis for more than a year, as Carter continued to negotiate for the release of the hostages. In 1980, a failed rescue attempt led to the deaths of eight American servicepeople.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration also battled domestic problems, including an energy crisis and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/05/29/1001023637/think-inflation-is-bad-now-lets-take-a-step-back-to-the-1970s\">double-digit inflation\u003c/a>. Carter held a series of meetings among his Cabinet members that resulted in a blunt television address in 1979 that came to be known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106508243\">“malaise” speech\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s clear that the true problems of our nation are much deeper — deeper than gasoline lines or energy shortages, deeper even than inflation or recession. And I realize more than ever that as president, I need your help,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.c-span.org/video/?153917-1/president-carter-address-crisis-confidence\">Carter pleaded\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter established a federal energy policy. He created the departments of Energy and Education. Still, he lost his bid for reelection by a landslide to Republican Ronald Reagan. And it wasn’t until moments after Reagan was sworn in as president on Jan. 20, 1981, that the 52 remaining hostages were released. Carter was allowed to welcome them home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I had received word officially for the first time that the aircraft carrying the 52 American hostages had cleared Iranian airspace on the first leg of the journey home and that every one of the 52 hostages was alive, was well and free,” Carter said as his voice broke.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Life after Washington\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After leaving office, Carter became dedicated to promoting democracy, monitoring elections, building homes with Habitat for Humanity and eradicating disease in some of the world’s poorest countries. In 1982, the president and his wife opened the Carter Center in Atlanta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15051264\">interview with NPR in 2007\u003c/a>, Carter talked about his experiences. “And for the last 25 years, my life could not have been more expansive and unpredictable and adventurous and gratifying,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2002/carter/facts/\">Carter won the Nobel Peace Prize\u003c/a>, an honor some said he had earned a quarter century earlier when he negotiated the Camp David Accords. He ended his acceptance speech with a plea for peace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“War may sometimes be a necessary evil, but no matter how necessary, it is always evil, never a good. We will not learn how to live together in peace by killing each other’s children,” Carter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The former president continued international peace missions throughout his lifetime, meeting with the leaders of countries that some U.S. presidents refused to acknowledge, including North Korea, Nicaragua and Cuba. In 2008, he met with the exiled leader of the militant Islamist group Hamas, despite harsh criticism from the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019964\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019964\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/carter-russia-getty_custom-ab3c50bbf469aec4125be388bfbb8aabba9c3048-copy-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and other members of the Elders group attend a meeting with Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov in Moscow in April 2015. The Elders group comprises global leaders who advocate for peace, justice and human rights — goals that Carter spent a lifetime pursuing after leaving the presidency. \u003ccite>(Vasily Maximov/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Historian Dan Carter said that the former president did prove to be a kind of honest broker for peace in many cases and that as Jimmy Carter grew older, he was less afraid of speaking out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And his meeting with Hamas, sure, it was a provocative thing, but he felt it was the right thing to do,” said Dan Carter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jimmy Carter wrote more than 20 books, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/7004473\">most controversial titled \u003cem>Palestine: Peace Not Apartheid\u003c/em>\u003c/a>. He was a religious man, attending a Baptist church and teaching Bible school for many years. And he was a statesman — hardworking and plain talking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Carter Center’s Hochman said the 39th president was one of the most remarkable leaders in U.S. history. “I think he’ll be remembered as a champion of human rights and peace, both as president and as a former president,” Hochman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter entered \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/02/18/1158166497/jimmy-carter-enters-hospice-care\">hospice care\u003c/a> in February 2023. The longest-lived former president had suffered from a series of health challenges in recent years, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/12/06/458680791/former-president-jimmy-carter-says-he-is-cancer-free\">surviving cancer\u003c/a>, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/13/722948126/former-president-jimmy-carter-suffers-broken-hip\">broken hip\u003c/a> and other recent hospitalizations for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/10/22/772197032/jimmy-carter-fractures-pelvis-is-hospitalized-after-fall\">a fractured pelvis\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/12/04/784862723/former-president-jimmy-carter-discharged-from-hospital\">a urinary tract infection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Rosalynn celebrated their \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/20/1214151967/rosalynn-jimmy-carter-marriage-77-years\">77th wedding anniversary\u003c/a> in 2023, a few months before \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/11/19/1019825478/former-first-lady-rosalynn-carter-dies\">she died at the age of 96\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter’s wishes were to be buried next to Rosalynn in his hometown of Plains, Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of new state laws will take effect in California on Jan. 1, including a large package of bills that will increase penalties for retail theft and others that aim to make streets safer for pedestrians and give employees more paid leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the new laws that take effect on Jan. 1:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Retail theft\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers passed several laws aimed at cracking down on retail theft, particularly by organized groups that sell the stolen merchandise for a profit. The package includes a number of laws taking effect Jan. 1 that make it easier for prosecutors to charge professional or repeat thieves with felonies. Among them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2943\">creates a new felony crime for people\u003c/a> who repeatedly steal small amounts in a short period of time or possess stolen goods to resell them. The measure makes it easier for police to arrest shoplifters even if they don’t witness the theft.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A change in law that allows \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB905\">someone to be charged with burglary\u003c/a> from a car even if the car was unlocked. This provision also makes it easier to pursue a felony against those who repeatedly steal small amounts of goods.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A law that lets \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB3209\">retailers obtain restraining orders\u003c/a> against people who are convicted of stealing from them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1416\">increases penalties \u003c/a>for professional organized retail theft rings.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Parking fines\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California drivers will need to be on their toes while parking. Another law going into full effect on Jan. 1 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB413\">prohibits parking a vehicle within 20 feet of a crosswalk\u003c/a>, regardless of whether there’s a designated parking spot or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the law is already in effect, cities can begin ticketing drivers starting Jan. 1. The new law aims to make streets safer for pedestrians. Fines will vary by city.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Transgender rights\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After national debates over whether schools should notify parents about a child’s gender identity, at least a dozen California school districts passed policies requiring educators to notify parents if their kids ask to use a different name or pronoun. A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1955\">new law taking effect Jan. 1 will ban those policies.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Expanded pay and benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s minimum wage will increase from $16 an hour to $16.50 an hour on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several new laws will also expand paid sick and family leave for employees:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>One allows workers to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2499\">qualify for more paid state leave\u003c/a> when they or a family member is the victim of a crime. Workers can also use paid sick time to serve on a jury.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Another law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2123\">eliminates the two-week vacation requirement\u003c/a> previously needed to qualify for paid family leave. The change impacts employees who take time off work to care for a seriously ill child, spouse, parent, domestic partner or to bond with a new child.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Worker rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Employers will be \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB399\">barred from requiring workers to attend meetings \u003c/a>where they discuss religious or political issues — including labor organizing. The new law bans mandatory “captive audience” meetings, which some businesses have used to lay out their arguments against unionizing or regulations, and prohibits retaliation against workers who decline to attend. Workers who refuse to attend these meetings must still be paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers and freelancers will enjoy new legal protections. One new law will \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1105\">allow agricultural workers to use paid sick days \u003c/a>to avoid extreme heat, smoke or flooding. Another will \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB988\">require employers of freelance workers to pay them within 30 days\u003c/a>, unless a contract specifies otherwise, and allows contractors to bring a civil lawsuit if they aren’t paid on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Cannabis shops\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cannabis lounges \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1775\">will be able to host live performances and sell non-cannabis-infused food and drinks\u003c/a> under another new law. The law won’t automatically grant permission for these events and sales, but it allows local cities and counties, which issue permits to local cannabis businesses, to approve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Food delivery details\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Food delivery apps will be \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB375\">required to provide customers with a first name and photo \u003c/a>of their delivery driver under a new law. The information will be provided once a purchase is out for delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of new state laws will take effect in California on Jan. 1, including a large package of bills that will increase penalties for retail theft and others that aim to make streets safer for pedestrians and give employees more paid leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the new laws that take effect on Jan. 1:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Retail theft\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers passed several laws aimed at cracking down on retail theft, particularly by organized groups that sell the stolen merchandise for a profit. The package includes a number of laws taking effect Jan. 1 that make it easier for prosecutors to charge professional or repeat thieves with felonies. Among them:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2943\">creates a new felony crime for people\u003c/a> who repeatedly steal small amounts in a short period of time or possess stolen goods to resell them. The measure makes it easier for police to arrest shoplifters even if they don’t witness the theft.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A change in law that allows \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB905\">someone to be charged with burglary\u003c/a> from a car even if the car was unlocked. This provision also makes it easier to pursue a felony against those who repeatedly steal small amounts of goods.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A law that lets \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB3209\">retailers obtain restraining orders\u003c/a> against people who are convicted of stealing from them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A law that \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1416\">increases penalties \u003c/a>for professional organized retail theft rings.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Parking fines\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California drivers will need to be on their toes while parking. Another law going into full effect on Jan. 1 \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB413\">prohibits parking a vehicle within 20 feet of a crosswalk\u003c/a>, regardless of whether there’s a designated parking spot or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the law is already in effect, cities can begin ticketing drivers starting Jan. 1. The new law aims to make streets safer for pedestrians. Fines will vary by city.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Transgender rights\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After national debates over whether schools should notify parents about a child’s gender identity, at least a dozen California school districts passed policies requiring educators to notify parents if their kids ask to use a different name or pronoun. A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1955\">new law taking effect Jan. 1 will ban those policies.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Expanded pay and benefits\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California’s minimum wage will increase from $16 an hour to $16.50 an hour on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several new laws will also expand paid sick and family leave for employees:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>One allows workers to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2499\">qualify for more paid state leave\u003c/a> when they or a family member is the victim of a crime. Workers can also use paid sick time to serve on a jury.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Another law \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB2123\">eliminates the two-week vacation requirement\u003c/a> previously needed to qualify for paid family leave. The change impacts employees who take time off work to care for a seriously ill child, spouse, parent, domestic partner or to bond with a new child.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Worker rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Employers will be \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB399\">barred from requiring workers to attend meetings \u003c/a>where they discuss religious or political issues — including labor organizing. The new law bans mandatory “captive audience” meetings, which some businesses have used to lay out their arguments against unionizing or regulations, and prohibits retaliation against workers who decline to attend. Workers who refuse to attend these meetings must still be paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmworkers and freelancers will enjoy new legal protections. One new law will \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB1105\">allow agricultural workers to use paid sick days \u003c/a>to avoid extreme heat, smoke or flooding. Another will \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240SB988\">require employers of freelance workers to pay them within 30 days\u003c/a>, unless a contract specifies otherwise, and allows contractors to bring a civil lawsuit if they aren’t paid on time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Cannabis shops\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cannabis lounges \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB1775\">will be able to host live performances and sell non-cannabis-infused food and drinks\u003c/a> under another new law. The law won’t automatically grant permission for these events and sales, but it allows local cities and counties, which issue permits to local cannabis businesses, to approve them.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Food delivery details\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Food delivery apps will be \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202320240AB375\">required to provide customers with a first name and photo \u003c/a>of their delivery driver under a new law. The information will be provided once a purchase is out for delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "trump-allies-warn-california-leaders-they-could-go-to-prison-over-sanctuary-city-laws",
"title": "Trump Allies Warn California Leaders They Could Go to Prison Over Sanctuary City Laws",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s southern border, long ‘ground zero’ in the fight between federal and local officials over immigration policy, is now at the center of renewed controversy over how far local leaders can go to protect people from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Diego County took steps earlier this month to strengthen safeguards for undocumented residents, an organization led by President-elect \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Donald Trump\u003c/a>’s adviser Stephen Miller sent a letter warning that elected leaders and employees of “sanctuary” jurisdictions could be “criminally liable” if they impede federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/AFL-Sanctuary-City-Letters-Vargas.pdf\">Dec. 23 letter (PDF)\u003c/a>, America First Legal Foundation wrote: “We have identified San Diego County as a sanctuary jurisdiction that is violating federal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative legal nonprofit that day announced that it had identified 249 \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/101224-Donald-Trump-Coachella-REUTERS-CM-01.jpg\">elected officials in sanctuary jurisdictions\u003c/a> who it said could face “legal consequences” over immigration policies. The California Attorney General’s office and Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass were sent similar letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter also suggests sanctuary city officials could be civilly liable under federal anti-racketeering laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump pledging to carry out the “largest mass deportation campaign in U.S. history,” San Diego’s board of supervisors enacted a policy on Dec. 12 prohibiting local law enforcement from communicating with immigration authorities about undocumented people in local jails without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego’s newly enacted ordinance goes a step further than California’s existing state “sanctuary” law, which only limits cooperation between local law enforcement and the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The law prevents jailers from notifying ICE about non-citizen inmates who are about to be released from local criminal custody unless they committed one of about 800 serious crimes. State prison officials regularly communicate with ICE about people in their custody, including U.S. citizens, public records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County’s action faced immediate pushback, with the county’s top law enforcement official, Sheriff Kelly Martinez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/border-immigration/2024/12/17/sheriff-refusal-to-further-limit-ice-cooperation-may-violate-state-law\">saying she would not \u003c/a>follow the new policy and would continue allowing immigration authorities access to the jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American First Legal Foundation sent its letter to the chair of San Diego County’s Board of Supervisors, Nora Vargas, who stepped down from her position on Friday citing security concerns just weeks after being elected to a second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal law is clear: aliens unlawfully present in the United States are subject to removal from the country, and it is a crime to conceal, harbor, or shield them. It is also a crime to prevent federal officials from enforcing immigration law,” states the letter, dated three days after the resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019934\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nora Vargas speaks onstage at Women’s March San Diego on Jan. 19, 2019. \u003ccite>(Daniel Knighton/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vargas, who was born in Tijuana, has long championed rights for asylum seekers and immigrants. She was the first immigrant and Latina to serve on San Diego’s board of supervisors. She was elected to the board in 2020, flipping the seat from Republican to Democrat for the first time in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vargas said the new board policy was developed through “rigorous legal review and stands in full compliance with federal, state and local laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This nation’s foundation was built on the strength and contributions of immigrants,” she posted on social media. “Now it’s time to turn our focus to honoring the humanity of those who help make this country the beacon of hope it continues to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokespersons for Trump’s transition team did not immediately respond to inquiries about whether the administration plans to prosecute local officials in sanctuary cities\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> Trump has named Miller to be his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/11/g-s1-33741/trump-stephen-miller-deputy-chief-of-staff-immigration-policy-deportations\">deputy chief of staff for policy\u003c/a> and homeland security advisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California preparing legal battles with Trump administration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State officials have asked the Legislature, in a special session called by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/gavin-newsom-special-session-trump-resistance/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom last month\u003c/a>, for $25 million for legal fights with the incoming administration on issues including immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a scare tactic, plain and simple,” read a statement from the Attorney General Rob Bonta’s office, in response to the America First letter. “While we are unable to comment on the specifics of the letter, we want to be clear: SB 54 was upheld by the courts during the first Trump administration, and it prevents the use of state and local resources for federal immigration enforcement with certain narrow exceptions. SB 54 does nothing, however, to block federal agencies from conducting immigration enforcement themselves. California will continue to comply with all applicable state and federal laws, and we expect all local law enforcement agencies to do the same.”[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12016037,news_12014436,news_12015773\"]Democratic state Senate leader Mike McGuire, of Healdsburg, in response to the letters called the incoming administration’s proposed immigration policies “draconian” and damaging to California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The previous Trump administration came at California before on a variety of legal fronts and the majority of the time, lost,” said McGuire, whose office did not receive a letter. “Mark my word, we’ll be prepared again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is home to several major cities with policies limiting cooperation between local police and federal immigration authorities. Proponents say such policies make immigrants less fearful of deportation when reporting crimes to or cooperating with the police. Los Angeles adopted a sanctuary city ordinance in November, fast-tracking the policy after Trump’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment on the America First letter, Zach Seidl, a spokesperson for Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass, called it “wrong on public safety and wrong on the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sanctuary policies are against the law, make a mockery of America’s democratic principles, and demonstrate a shocking disrespect for our Constitution and our citizens. The officials in charge of sanctuary jurisdictions have no excuse and must be held accountable,” read a statement from James Rogers, a senior counsel with America First Legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump targeted California sanctuary cities before\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s own \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2017/12/californias-new-sanctuary-law-will-aid-immigrants-not/\">sanctuary law\u003c/a>, signed by then-Gov. Jerry Brown in 2017, curbs local sheriffs’ transfers of detainees to federal immigration custody and also prohibits police from asking people about their immigration status. That law, Senate Bill 54, contains an exception for state prisons, which regularly transfer ex-inmates who have completed their sentences to Immigration and Customs Enforcement for deportation proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump advisers, including Miller, have been considering using federal pressure, such as withholding federal funds, against jurisdictions that won’t cooperate with federal immigration authorities. The last Trump administration tried to get the California sanctuary law overturned in federal court, but the Supreme Court in 2020 declined to hear its petition. And in 2018, Trump’s Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/us/politics/justice-department-sanctuary-cities-criminal-charges-elected-offiicals.html\">floated criminal charges\u003c/a> against politicians of cities that enact sanctuary policies. It did not file charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So-called ‘sanctuary’ jurisdictions that forbid compliance with federal immigration law and cooperation with the officials who enforce it are, therefore, breaking the law. Moreover, sanctuary jurisdictions are strictly prohibited from requiring their employees to violate federal immigration law,” the America First letter states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019935\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants arrive at the Iris Avenue Transit Center after being dropped off by Border Patrol agents in San Diego on Feb. 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ahilan Arulanantham, co-director of the Center for Immigration Law and Policy at the UCLA School of Law, said the letter’s reasoning that sanctuary policies amount to “harboring” or concealing federal fugitives is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not inquiring about someone’s status is not harboring. Neither is declining to share such information,” Arulanantham said in a text message Friday. “I’m not aware of any criminal protections based on such conduct, and the letter fails to cite any.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To carry out his plan to deport more people than any other president, Trump will need the cooperation of local officials. Immigrant Legal Resource Center, a national nonprofit that provides legal training and does pro-immigrant policy work in California and Texas, estimates 70 to 75% of ICE arrests in the interior of the U.S. are handoffs from another law enforcement agency, such as local jails or state or federal prisons. Since 2019, California’s state prison system has delivered more than 5,700 formerly incarcerated immigrants to ICE, federal data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego was the epicenter of a surge of unauthorized crossings earlier this year, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/02/california-border-migrants/\">straining local resources\u003c/a>. In April, 37,370 people crossed between ports of entry in the San Diego sector, with the majority surrendering to Border Patrol to claim asylum. This made it the top spot for crossings in the country for a few weeks in 2024, according to federal data. The number of unauthorized crossings dropped sharply after the Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/06/mexico-border-biden-california/\">implemented new asylum restrictions in June\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/wendy-fry/\">Wendy Fry\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/author/jeanne-kuang/\">Jeanne Kuang\u003c/a>, CalMatters",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s southern border, long ‘ground zero’ in the fight between federal and local officials over immigration policy, is now at the center of renewed controversy over how far local leaders can go to protect people from deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After San Diego County took steps earlier this month to strengthen safeguards for undocumented residents, an organization led by President-elect \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/tag/donald-trump/\">Donald Trump\u003c/a>’s adviser Stephen Miller sent a letter warning that elected leaders and employees of “sanctuary” jurisdictions could be “criminally liable” if they impede federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/AFL-Sanctuary-City-Letters-Vargas.pdf\">Dec. 23 letter (PDF)\u003c/a>, America First Legal Foundation wrote: “We have identified San Diego County as a sanctuary jurisdiction that is violating federal law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative legal nonprofit that day announced that it had identified 249 \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/101224-Donald-Trump-Coachella-REUTERS-CM-01.jpg\">elected officials in sanctuary jurisdictions\u003c/a> who it said could face “legal consequences” over immigration policies. The California Attorney General’s office and Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass were sent similar letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter also suggests sanctuary city officials could be civilly liable under federal anti-racketeering laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Trump pledging to carry out the “largest mass deportation campaign in U.S. history,” San Diego’s board of supervisors enacted a policy on Dec. 12 prohibiting local law enforcement from communicating with immigration authorities about undocumented people in local jails without a judicial warrant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego’s newly enacted ordinance goes a step further than California’s existing state “sanctuary” law, which only limits cooperation between local law enforcement and the federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The law prevents jailers from notifying ICE about non-citizen inmates who are about to be released from local criminal custody unless they committed one of about 800 serious crimes. State prison officials regularly communicate with ICE about people in their custody, including U.S. citizens, public records show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County’s action faced immediate pushback, with the county’s top law enforcement official, Sheriff Kelly Martinez, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/border-immigration/2024/12/17/sheriff-refusal-to-further-limit-ice-cooperation-may-violate-state-law\">saying she would not \u003c/a>follow the new policy and would continue allowing immigration authorities access to the jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American First Legal Foundation sent its letter to the chair of San Diego County’s Board of Supervisors, Nora Vargas, who stepped down from her position on Friday citing security concerns just weeks after being elected to a second term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Federal law is clear: aliens unlawfully present in the United States are subject to removal from the country, and it is a crime to conceal, harbor, or shield them. It is also a crime to prevent federal officials from enforcing immigration law,” states the letter, dated three days after the resignation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019934\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/122724-Nora-Vargas-DK-GettyImages-01-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nora Vargas speaks onstage at Women’s March San Diego on Jan. 19, 2019. \u003ccite>(Daniel Knighton/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Vargas, who was born in Tijuana, has long championed rights for asylum seekers and immigrants. She was the first immigrant and Latina to serve on San Diego’s board of supervisors. She was elected to the board in 2020, flipping the seat from Republican to Democrat for the first time in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vargas said the new board policy was developed through “rigorous legal review and stands in full compliance with federal, state and local laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This nation’s foundation was built on the strength and contributions of immigrants,” she posted on social media. “Now it’s time to turn our focus to honoring the humanity of those who help make this country the beacon of hope it continues to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spokespersons for Trump’s transition team did not immediately respond to inquiries about whether the administration plans to prosecute local officials in sanctuary cities\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong> Trump has named Miller to be his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/11/g-s1-33741/trump-stephen-miller-deputy-chief-of-staff-immigration-policy-deportations\">deputy chief of staff for policy\u003c/a> and homeland security advisor.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>California preparing legal battles with Trump administration\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>State officials have asked the Legislature, in a special session called by \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/gavin-newsom-special-session-trump-resistance/\">Gov. Gavin Newsom last month\u003c/a>, for $25 million for legal fights with the incoming administration on issues including immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a scare tactic, plain and simple,” read a statement from the Attorney General Rob Bonta’s office, in response to the America First letter. “While we are unable to comment on the specifics of the letter, we want to be clear: SB 54 was upheld by the courts during the first Trump administration, and it prevents the use of state and local resources for federal immigration enforcement with certain narrow exceptions. SB 54 does nothing, however, to block federal agencies from conducting immigration enforcement themselves. California will continue to comply with all applicable state and federal laws, and we expect all local law enforcement agencies to do the same.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Democratic state Senate leader Mike McGuire, of Healdsburg, in response to the letters called the incoming administration’s proposed immigration policies “draconian” and damaging to California’s economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The previous Trump administration came at California before on a variety of legal fronts and the majority of the time, lost,” said McGuire, whose office did not receive a letter. “Mark my word, we’ll be prepared again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is home to several major cities with policies limiting cooperation between local police and federal immigration authorities. Proponents say such policies make immigrants less fearful of deportation when reporting crimes to or cooperating with the police. Los Angeles adopted a sanctuary city ordinance in November, fast-tracking the policy after Trump’s election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment on the America First letter, Zach Seidl, a spokesperson for Los Angeles Mayor Karen Bass, called it “wrong on public safety and wrong on the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sanctuary policies are against the law, make a mockery of America’s democratic principles, and demonstrate a shocking disrespect for our Constitution and our citizens. The officials in charge of sanctuary jurisdictions have no excuse and must be held accountable,” read a statement from James Rogers, a senior counsel with America First Legal.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Trump targeted California sanctuary cities before\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The state’s own \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/justice/2017/12/californias-new-sanctuary-law-will-aid-immigrants-not/\">sanctuary law\u003c/a>, signed by then-Gov. Jerry Brown in 2017, curbs local sheriffs’ transfers of detainees to federal immigration custody and also prohibits police from asking people about their immigration status. That law, Senate Bill 54, contains an exception for state prisons, which regularly transfer ex-inmates who have completed their sentences to Immigration and Customs Enforcement for deportation proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump advisers, including Miller, have been considering using federal pressure, such as withholding federal funds, against jurisdictions that won’t cooperate with federal immigration authorities. The last Trump administration tried to get the California sanctuary law overturned in federal court, but the Supreme Court in 2020 declined to hear its petition. And in 2018, Trump’s Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/18/us/politics/justice-department-sanctuary-cities-criminal-charges-elected-offiicals.html\">floated criminal charges\u003c/a> against politicians of cities that enact sanctuary policies. It did not file charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So-called ‘sanctuary’ jurisdictions that forbid compliance with federal immigration law and cooperation with the officials who enforce it are, therefore, breaking the law. Moreover, sanctuary jurisdictions are strictly prohibited from requiring their employees to violate federal immigration law,” the America First letter states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1568px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019935\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1568\" height=\"1045\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy.jpg 1568w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/022524_Migrants-Iris-Transit_AH_CM_14-copy-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1568px) 100vw, 1568px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Migrants arrive at the Iris Avenue Transit Center after being dropped off by Border Patrol agents in San Diego on Feb. 25, 2024. \u003ccite>(Adriana Heldiz/CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Ahilan Arulanantham, co-director of the Center for Immigration Law and Policy at the UCLA School of Law, said the letter’s reasoning that sanctuary policies amount to “harboring” or concealing federal fugitives is flawed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not inquiring about someone’s status is not harboring. Neither is declining to share such information,” Arulanantham said in a text message Friday. “I’m not aware of any criminal protections based on such conduct, and the letter fails to cite any.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To carry out his plan to deport more people than any other president, Trump will need the cooperation of local officials. Immigrant Legal Resource Center, a national nonprofit that provides legal training and does pro-immigrant policy work in California and Texas, estimates 70 to 75% of ICE arrests in the interior of the U.S. are handoffs from another law enforcement agency, such as local jails or state or federal prisons. Since 2019, California’s state prison system has delivered more than 5,700 formerly incarcerated immigrants to ICE, federal data shows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego was the epicenter of a surge of unauthorized crossings earlier this year, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/02/california-border-migrants/\">straining local resources\u003c/a>. In April, 37,370 people crossed between ports of entry in the San Diego sector, with the majority surrendering to Border Patrol to claim asylum. This made it the top spot for crossings in the country for a few weeks in 2024, according to federal data. The number of unauthorized crossings dropped sharply after the Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/california-divide/2024/06/mexico-border-biden-california/\">implemented new asylum restrictions in June\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Record Number of Lobbyists Now Registered in California",
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"content": "\u003cp>California saw its biggest increase in registered lobbyists last session since at least 2011, when a change in the law caused the number to more than double.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a roughly 10% increase in the number of lobbyists who registered for the 2023–24 session compared to the previous one — for a record of 3,245 people, according to the Secretary of State’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s behind the jump? Longtime lobbyist Chris Micheli sees it as the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/01/california-legislature-great-resignation/\">result of high turnover in the Legislature\u003c/a> — leading to an “exodus of legislative staff” who went into advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what was dubbed the Great Resignation of 2022, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/01/california-legislature-great-resignation/\">26 members opted out of seeking reelection\u003c/a>, in addition to the seven who reached term limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Micheli said he has also seen a rise in state agency rule-making, which motivates those in support of or against regulations to lobby: “Some of these regulatory bodies, like the Air Resources Board — the number of regulations that they’re undertaking and their significance has been growing in recent years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the number of legislative staff has shifted only slightly since the mid-1990s, according to data from the National Conference of State Legislatures. The staff count can impact how much time members have to write and research legislation. The increase in lobbyists means there’s now at least one lobbyist for every staff member, compared to two staffers per lobbyist back in 1995, the earliest data available from the Secretary of State’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that the number of registered lobbyists has risen so high and outstrips the number of actual staffers that legislators have to help them with people’s work shows how skewed our system has become towards the interests of wealthy interests that also dominate campaign spending, rather than regular people,” emailed Trent Lange, executive director of California Clean Money Campaign — an advocacy group that aims to combat the influence of money on politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lobbyists are required to register with the Secretary of State’s office, and report on their activities each quarter. That’s according to the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/about-fppc/about-the-political-reform-act.html\">Political Reform Act\u003c/a>, which passed in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal in 1974 in an effort to combat political corruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law defines lobbyists as those who are paid to influence legislation or regulation through direct communication with lawmakers, outside of public comments. They can be hired as contractors by companies, or work to influence policy as an employee, although those who spend less than one-third of their time lobbying don’t have to register.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and those who work for state agencies legally \u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/about-fppc/about-the-political-reform-act.html#:~:text=One%2DYear%20%22Revolving%20Door%22\">must wait one year after leaving state jobs\u003c/a> before working as lobbyists. Legislative staff do not have that requirement.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_12005909,news_12016262,news_12017043\"]The recent jump in new lobbyists was the \u003ca href=\"https://capitolweekly.net/california-sees-big-drop-in-number-of-registered-lobbyists/\">highest since 2011\u003c/a>, when a law signed by then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger went into effect requiring \u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/content/dam/fppc/NS-Documents/TAD/Lobbying/Placement-Agent-Registration.pdf\">placement agents\u003c/a> — financial officers who solicit investments from the state workers’ and teachers’ retirement funds — to register as lobbyists. The law nearly doubled the number of registered lobbyists, from 1,237 for the two-year session ending in 2010 to 2,353 in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second highest bump came in the session that ended in 2020, with 257 more registered lobbyists compared to the session before, according to the Secretary of State’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rise in the number of lobbyists coincides with an uptick in money spent on lobbying, with industry and advocacy groups spending record amounts \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/11/california-lobbying-google-big-oil/\">each year since 2022\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending to lobby California legislators hit nearly $420 million in just the first nine months of 2024, compared to $484 million in all of 2023 and $443 million in the entirety of 2022. Included in the recent boost: a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/11/california-lobbying-google-big-oil/\">summer lobbying blitz by Google\u003c/a> to influence whether it would have to pay news outlets for publishing their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Mehta Stein, executive director of the good governmental advocacy group California Common Cause, labeled it “absolutely wild” that nearly $1 billion was spent on lobbying last session. “Sometimes people in the capitol community,” he said, “lose sight of how staggering it would be to their constituents if they knew how much money is spent to, in many cases, divert policy decisions away from the reason everyone originally went to Sacramento, which is to serve the public interest without fear or favor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California saw its biggest increase in registered lobbyists last session since at least 2011, when a change in the law caused the number to more than double.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a roughly 10% increase in the number of lobbyists who registered for the 2023–24 session compared to the previous one — for a record of 3,245 people, according to the Secretary of State’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s behind the jump? Longtime lobbyist Chris Micheli sees it as the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/01/california-legislature-great-resignation/\">result of high turnover in the Legislature\u003c/a> — leading to an “exodus of legislative staff” who went into advocacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In what was dubbed the Great Resignation of 2022, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/01/california-legislature-great-resignation/\">26 members opted out of seeking reelection\u003c/a>, in addition to the seven who reached term limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Micheli said he has also seen a rise in state agency rule-making, which motivates those in support of or against regulations to lobby: “Some of these regulatory bodies, like the Air Resources Board — the number of regulations that they’re undertaking and their significance has been growing in recent years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the number of legislative staff has shifted only slightly since the mid-1990s, according to data from the National Conference of State Legislatures. The staff count can impact how much time members have to write and research legislation. The increase in lobbyists means there’s now at least one lobbyist for every staff member, compared to two staffers per lobbyist back in 1995, the earliest data available from the Secretary of State’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that the number of registered lobbyists has risen so high and outstrips the number of actual staffers that legislators have to help them with people’s work shows how skewed our system has become towards the interests of wealthy interests that also dominate campaign spending, rather than regular people,” emailed Trent Lange, executive director of California Clean Money Campaign — an advocacy group that aims to combat the influence of money on politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lobbyists are required to register with the Secretary of State’s office, and report on their activities each quarter. That’s according to the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/about-fppc/about-the-political-reform-act.html\">Political Reform Act\u003c/a>, which passed in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal in 1974 in an effort to combat political corruption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law defines lobbyists as those who are paid to influence legislation or regulation through direct communication with lawmakers, outside of public comments. They can be hired as contractors by companies, or work to influence policy as an employee, although those who spend less than one-third of their time lobbying don’t have to register.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers and those who work for state agencies legally \u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/about-fppc/about-the-political-reform-act.html#:~:text=One%2DYear%20%22Revolving%20Door%22\">must wait one year after leaving state jobs\u003c/a> before working as lobbyists. Legislative staff do not have that requirement.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The recent jump in new lobbyists was the \u003ca href=\"https://capitolweekly.net/california-sees-big-drop-in-number-of-registered-lobbyists/\">highest since 2011\u003c/a>, when a law signed by then-Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger went into effect requiring \u003ca href=\"https://www.fppc.ca.gov/content/dam/fppc/NS-Documents/TAD/Lobbying/Placement-Agent-Registration.pdf\">placement agents\u003c/a> — financial officers who solicit investments from the state workers’ and teachers’ retirement funds — to register as lobbyists. The law nearly doubled the number of registered lobbyists, from 1,237 for the two-year session ending in 2010 to 2,353 in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second highest bump came in the session that ended in 2020, with 257 more registered lobbyists compared to the session before, according to the Secretary of State’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rise in the number of lobbyists coincides with an uptick in money spent on lobbying, with industry and advocacy groups spending record amounts \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/11/california-lobbying-google-big-oil/\">each year since 2022\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending to lobby California legislators hit nearly $420 million in just the first nine months of 2024, compared to $484 million in all of 2023 and $443 million in the entirety of 2022. Included in the recent boost: a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2024/11/california-lobbying-google-big-oil/\">summer lobbying blitz by Google\u003c/a> to influence whether it would have to pay news outlets for publishing their content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Mehta Stein, executive director of the good governmental advocacy group California Common Cause, labeled it “absolutely wild” that nearly $1 billion was spent on lobbying last session. “Sometimes people in the capitol community,” he said, “lose sight of how staggering it would be to their constituents if they knew how much money is spent to, in many cases, divert policy decisions away from the reason everyone originally went to Sacramento, which is to serve the public interest without fear or favor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "why-trumps-tariffs-on-mexico-would-raise-the-price-of-avocados",
"title": "Why Trump's Tariffs on Mexico Would Raise the Price of Avocados",
"publishDate": 1735059659,
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"headTitle": "Why Trump’s Tariffs on Mexico Would Raise the Price of Avocados | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Of all the products that would be affected by President-elect Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/26/nx-s1-5206441/trumps-tariffs-china-canada-mexico\">proposed tariffs on Mexico\u003c/a>, avocados stand out: 90% of avocados consumed in the U.S. are imported. And almost all of those imports come from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said he plans to impose a blanket tariff of 25% on imports from Mexico and Canada, along with an additional 10% tax on goods from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear whether the tariffs will be implemented or if they will serve merely as a negotiating tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If enacted, they could have multiple effects on the avocado industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Broad tariffs, like what’s being proposed, is not something that we’ve seen” before, says David Ortega, a food economist and professor at Michigan State University. “We had the trade war with China back in 2018 that affected steel and aluminum, but when it comes to food, these types of policy proposals are not something that are very common or that we’ve seen recently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With one of the biggest guacamole-eating events of the year — the Super Bowl — approaching in February, here’s what to know about avocados, tariffs, and why so many avocados are grown in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Prices will rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Avocados are displayed in a grocery store in Washington, DC, on June 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Stefani Reynolds/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First, a 25% tariff on imports from Mexico would lead to higher avocado prices at the grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But estimating just how much higher is hard to say. It’s possible that producers and importers will absorb some of the costs to keep prices down and stay more competitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortega says there could be “pretty significant increases in the price of avocados. Maybe not the full 25%, but pretty close, given that there’s very little substitute ability with regards to where we would source avocados.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he cautions that because the tariffs apply only to the product’s value at the border, and not to other costs like transportation and distribution within the U.S., prices may not go up by the full 25%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of these potential price increases, however, people in the U.S. love their avocados and they’re willing to pay more. Avocado consumption tripled in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=103810\">between 2000 and 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that avocado is a staple of our consumption here, I would say that the elasticity is not very high, meaning that even with a big increase in price, consumption is not going to change that much,” says Luis Ribera, a professor and extension economist in the agricultural economics department at Texas A&M University.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why Mexico\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019619\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer works at an avocado plantation at the Los Cerritos avocado group ranch in Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, on Feb. 10, 2023. Most of the avocados consumed in the US are grown in Mexico. \u003ccite>(Ulises Ruiz/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mexico is the biggest \u003ca href=\"https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Avocado%20Annual_Mexico%20City_Mexico_MX2024-0018.pdf\">producer of avocados\u003c/a> in the world and exported $3.3 billion worth of avocados in 2023. A \u003ca href=\"https://avocadoinstitute.org/avo-economics/avo-economics-fact-sheet/\">study funded by the industry\u003c/a> estimated that avocado production supports 78,000 permanent jobs and 310,000 seasonal jobs in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very important business in Mexico, very lucrative,” Ribera says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico emerged as the largest foreign supplier of fruits and vegetables to the U.S. for a few reasons, he says. One: Its proximity to the U.S. market. With a perishable product, closer is better. Peru is the second-largest source of foreign avocados in the U.S., but its greater distance means avocados need to be shipped farther.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reasons for Mexico are favorable weather that allows for year-round production of avocados and access to cheap labor, according to Ribera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avocados are grown in the U.S. too, \u003ca href=\"https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE1150\">mostly in California\u003c/a> and to a lesser extent Florida and Hawaii, but U.S. growers can’t meet Americans’ big appetite. Avocado production in the U.S. has declined, even as Americans grew fonder of the green fruit, according to the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California avocado growers have faced droughts and wildfires in recent years, making it difficult to offer the year-round availability that American consumers crave, Ortega says. In addition, \u003ca href=\"https://www.producebluebook.com/2024/08/30/mexican-avocado-exports-to-u-s-expected-to-total-2-7b-in-2024/\">land is expensive\u003c/a> and water is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the goal of implementing tariffs is to force avocado production to move somewhere besides Mexico, that isn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes about eight years for avocado trees to produce fruit, according to the USDA. “This is not a product that you can just simply plant more of this season and you get more of in a few months,” Ortega says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries where the U.S. sources avocados — Peru, the Dominican Republic and Chile — “just simply don’t have the production capacity to replace Mexico’s supply,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tariffs could impact the organic avocado market\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tariffs could also alter the market dynamic when it comes to organic vs. conventional foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If prices rise across the board, consumers who typically buy organic avocados might switch to conventional ones to save money. Organic produce makes up about 15% of total fruit and vegetable sales in the U.S., according to the Organic Trade Association, which represents hundreds of organic businesses and thousands of farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My hypothesis is that the price of conventional products would increase more than the premium organic product,” Ortega says. He reasons that because people who are used to buying organic avocados would move to buy conventional ones, “that in turn increases the demand and would make prices rise more for that category.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Dillon, co-CEO of the Organic Trade Association, says those in the organic food industry are looking at diversifying their supply chains away from Mexico, but there’s a three-year transition period required for farmers to switch from producing conventional to organic produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Supply chains are not incredibly elastic in organic. It takes more time to pivot and change when there’s a supply chain disruption. And tariffs are in some ways a form of supply chain disruption for a company, because it creates unpredictable pricing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with grocery prices that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/nx-s1-5223469\">gone up more than 26%\u003c/a> since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Trump’s plans for tariffs on Mexico, along with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/19/g-s1-34736/trumps-threats-of-mass-deportations-lead-to-hard-discussions-for-families\">mass deportations\u003c/a>, could create “a perfect storm of high inflationary pressure on the organic sector,” Dillon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, retaliatory tariffs from Mexico could have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/27/nx-s1-5206854/officials-in-mexico-are-monitoring-trumps-comments-on-proposed-tariffs\">their own impacts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Avocado producers face uncertainty as Trump’s return looms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019620\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of avocados in boxes at a packing plant in the municipality of Ario de Rosales, Michoacan State, Mexico, on Sept. 21, 2023. \u003ccite>(Alfredo Estrella/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aside from the threat of tariffs, the avocado industry has other challenges to deal with: climate change \u003ca href=\"https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/c1062d72-ae62-43b1-97ae-aab32c75cadf/content\">presents several problems\u003c/a>, and avocados \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/05/health/everyday-foods-water-drought-climate-intl/index.html\">require a large amount of water\u003c/a> to grow. Meanwhile, \u003ca>environmentalists say\u003c/a> some avocado growers are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mexico-government-plants-caribbean-canada-6270df8d94e295da9cab759825b1bd28\">cutting down forests\u003c/a> to plant avocados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producers also face extortion from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/06/1192413115/the-violent-underbelly-of-the-avocado-industry\">criminal gangs in Mexico\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now with Trump’s tariff threats, producers are left to wonder about their next steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Producers, they react to market fundamentals,” Ribera says. For example, people can foresee how bad weather in Mexico would affect avocado prices. Producers and retailers will adjust to higher and lower demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue with a tariff is it’s not a market fundamental — it’s a policy. It’s a political move,” he says. “It could happen or it could not happen, or it could be increased or it could be decreased, you know. So it’s hard for the whole supply chain to adjust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Trump has said he plans to impose a blanket tariff of 25% on imports from Mexico. If enacted, this could have multiple effects on the avocado industry.",
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"title": "Why Trump's Tariffs on Mexico Would Raise the Price of Avocados | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Of all the products that would be affected by President-elect Donald Trump’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/26/nx-s1-5206441/trumps-tariffs-china-canada-mexico\">proposed tariffs on Mexico\u003c/a>, avocados stand out: 90% of avocados consumed in the U.S. are imported. And almost all of those imports come from Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said he plans to impose a blanket tariff of 25% on imports from Mexico and Canada, along with an additional 10% tax on goods from China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear whether the tariffs will be implemented or if they will serve merely as a negotiating tactic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If enacted, they could have multiple effects on the avocado industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Broad tariffs, like what’s being proposed, is not something that we’ve seen” before, says David Ortega, a food economist and professor at Michigan State University. “We had the trade war with China back in 2018 that affected steel and aluminum, but when it comes to food, these types of policy proposals are not something that are very common or that we’ve seen recently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With one of the biggest guacamole-eating events of the year — the Super Bowl — approaching in February, here’s what to know about avocados, tariffs, and why so many avocados are grown in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"edTag\">Prices will rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019617\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019617\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Avocados are displayed in a grocery store in Washington, DC, on June 14, 2022. \u003ccite>(Stefani Reynolds/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First, a 25% tariff on imports from Mexico would lead to higher avocado prices at the grocery store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But estimating just how much higher is hard to say. It’s possible that producers and importers will absorb some of the costs to keep prices down and stay more competitive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ortega says there could be “pretty significant increases in the price of avocados. Maybe not the full 25%, but pretty close, given that there’s very little substitute ability with regards to where we would source avocados.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he cautions that because the tariffs apply only to the product’s value at the border, and not to other costs like transportation and distribution within the U.S., prices may not go up by the full 25%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regardless of these potential price increases, however, people in the U.S. love their avocados and they’re willing to pay more. Avocado consumption tripled in the U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ers.usda.gov/data-products/chart-gallery/gallery/chart-detail/?chartId=103810\">between 2000 and 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that avocado is a staple of our consumption here, I would say that the elasticity is not very high, meaning that even with a big increase in price, consumption is not going to change that much,” says Luis Ribera, a professor and extension economist in the agricultural economics department at Texas A&M University.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why Mexico\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019619\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019619\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A farmer works at an avocado plantation at the Los Cerritos avocado group ranch in Ciudad Guzman, state of Jalisco, Mexico, on Feb. 10, 2023. Most of the avocados consumed in the US are grown in Mexico. \u003ccite>(Ulises Ruiz/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mexico is the biggest \u003ca href=\"https://apps.fas.usda.gov/newgainapi/api/Report/DownloadReportByFileName?fileName=Avocado%20Annual_Mexico%20City_Mexico_MX2024-0018.pdf\">producer of avocados\u003c/a> in the world and exported $3.3 billion worth of avocados in 2023. A \u003ca href=\"https://avocadoinstitute.org/avo-economics/avo-economics-fact-sheet/\">study funded by the industry\u003c/a> estimated that avocado production supports 78,000 permanent jobs and 310,000 seasonal jobs in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very important business in Mexico, very lucrative,” Ribera says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico emerged as the largest foreign supplier of fruits and vegetables to the U.S. for a few reasons, he says. One: Its proximity to the U.S. market. With a perishable product, closer is better. Peru is the second-largest source of foreign avocados in the U.S., but its greater distance means avocados need to be shipped farther.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reasons for Mexico are favorable weather that allows for year-round production of avocados and access to cheap labor, according to Ribera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Avocados are grown in the U.S. too, \u003ca href=\"https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/FE1150\">mostly in California\u003c/a> and to a lesser extent Florida and Hawaii, but U.S. growers can’t meet Americans’ big appetite. Avocado production in the U.S. has declined, even as Americans grew fonder of the green fruit, according to the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California avocado growers have faced droughts and wildfires in recent years, making it difficult to offer the year-round availability that American consumers crave, Ortega says. In addition, \u003ca href=\"https://www.producebluebook.com/2024/08/30/mexican-avocado-exports-to-u-s-expected-to-total-2-7b-in-2024/\">land is expensive\u003c/a> and water is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the goal of implementing tariffs is to force avocado production to move somewhere besides Mexico, that isn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It takes about eight years for avocado trees to produce fruit, according to the USDA. “This is not a product that you can just simply plant more of this season and you get more of in a few months,” Ortega says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other countries where the U.S. sources avocados — Peru, the Dominican Republic and Chile — “just simply don’t have the production capacity to replace Mexico’s supply,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Tariffs could impact the organic avocado market\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tariffs could also alter the market dynamic when it comes to organic vs. conventional foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If prices rise across the board, consumers who typically buy organic avocados might switch to conventional ones to save money. Organic produce makes up about 15% of total fruit and vegetable sales in the U.S., according to the Organic Trade Association, which represents hundreds of organic businesses and thousands of farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My hypothesis is that the price of conventional products would increase more than the premium organic product,” Ortega says. He reasons that because people who are used to buying organic avocados would move to buy conventional ones, “that in turn increases the demand and would make prices rise more for that category.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Matthew Dillon, co-CEO of the Organic Trade Association, says those in the organic food industry are looking at diversifying their supply chains away from Mexico, but there’s a three-year transition period required for farmers to switch from producing conventional to organic produce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Supply chains are not incredibly elastic in organic. It takes more time to pivot and change when there’s a supply chain disruption. And tariffs are in some ways a form of supply chain disruption for a company, because it creates unpredictable pricing,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with grocery prices that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/nx-s1-5223469\">gone up more than 26%\u003c/a> since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, Trump’s plans for tariffs on Mexico, along with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/19/g-s1-34736/trumps-threats-of-mass-deportations-lead-to-hard-discussions-for-families\">mass deportations\u003c/a>, could create “a perfect storm of high inflationary pressure on the organic sector,” Dillon says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, retaliatory tariffs from Mexico could have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/11/27/nx-s1-5206854/officials-in-mexico-are-monitoring-trumps-comments-on-proposed-tariffs\">their own impacts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Avocado producers face uncertainty as Trump’s return looms\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019620\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019620\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/npr.brightspotcdn-1-copy-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Picture of avocados in boxes at a packing plant in the municipality of Ario de Rosales, Michoacan State, Mexico, on Sept. 21, 2023. \u003ccite>(Alfredo Estrella/AFP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Aside from the threat of tariffs, the avocado industry has other challenges to deal with: climate change \u003ca href=\"https://openknowledge.fao.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/c1062d72-ae62-43b1-97ae-aab32c75cadf/content\">presents several problems\u003c/a>, and avocados \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2019/04/05/health/everyday-foods-water-drought-climate-intl/index.html\">require a large amount of water\u003c/a> to grow. Meanwhile, \u003ca>environmentalists say\u003c/a> some avocado growers are \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/mexico-government-plants-caribbean-canada-6270df8d94e295da9cab759825b1bd28\">cutting down forests\u003c/a> to plant avocados.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Producers also face extortion from \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/06/1192413115/the-violent-underbelly-of-the-avocado-industry\">criminal gangs in Mexico\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now with Trump’s tariff threats, producers are left to wonder about their next steps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Producers, they react to market fundamentals,” Ribera says. For example, people can foresee how bad weather in Mexico would affect avocado prices. Producers and retailers will adjust to higher and lower demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The issue with a tariff is it’s not a market fundamental — it’s a policy. It’s a political move,” he says. “It could happen or it could not happen, or it could be increased or it could be decreased, you know. So it’s hard for the whole supply chain to adjust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden used his clemency authority Monday to commute the sentences of 37 of the 40 men on \u003ca href=\"https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/federal-death-penalty/list-of-federal-death-row-prisoners\">\u003cu>federal death row\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to life without parole, in one of the most significant moves taken against capital punishment in recent presidential history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden did not commute the sentences of three men who were involved in cases of terrorism or hate-fueled mass murder, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/02/1191671861/jury-recommends-death-sentence-for-gunman-in-2018-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting\">\u003cu>Robert Bowers\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, convicted for the 2018 mass shooting at a Pittsburgh synagogue; \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/10/509166866/jury-sentences-dylann-roof-to-die\">\u003cu>Dylann Roof\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, convicted for the 2015 mass shooting at a Black church in Charleston, S.C.; and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/04/1084514764/supreme-court-boston-bomber-death-sentence\">\u003cu>Dzhokhar Tsarnaev\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, convicted of the 2013 bombing at the Boston Marathon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the president said the commutations are in line with the 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-merrick-b-garland-imposes-moratorium-federal-executions-orders-review\">\u003cu>moratorium\u003c/u>\u003c/a> his administration imposed on federal executions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake: I condemn these murderers, grieve for the victims of their despicable acts, and ache for all the families who have suffered unimaginable and irreparable loss,” Biden said. Citing his experience as a public defender and an elected official, Biden added, “I am more convinced than ever that we must stop the use of the death penalty at the federal level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also hinted that possible action by the incoming Trump administration was part of his motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In good conscience, I cannot stand back and let a new administration resume executions that I halted,” Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those whose sentences were commuted are: former New Orleans police officer \u003ca href=\"https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/len-davis-sentenced-to-death-for-murder-of-kim-groves/article_72b8b9a4-059a-5b2c-8ee5-252c398925d1.html\">\u003cu>Len Davis\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, who was convicted for hiring a hitman to kill a woman who filed a complaint against him; \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/competency-argued-in-appeal-for-death-row-inmate-convicted-in-south-carolina-bank-robbery-murders/\">\u003cu>Brandon Council\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, who was convicted of killing two women during a bank robbery and told agents that “demons” were controlling peoples’ minds; and Billie Jerome Allen, who was convicted for his involvement in a bank robbery but waged a \u003ca href=\"https://www.freebillieallen.com/\">\u003cu>public campaign\u003c/u>\u003c/a> for his innocence (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/20/nx-s1-5178998/advocates-want-biden-spare-the-lives-of-the-40-prisoners-on-federal-death-row\">he spoke with NPR\u003c/a> from his prison cell before Biden commuted his sentence).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Biden has said he opposes the death penalty but had taken little action until now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates, religious leaders and former prison officials had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/12/nx-s1-5226683/biden-commutations-pardons\">\u003cu>urging Biden\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to take this step with his pardon power, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/pope-francis-appeals-us-commute-death-row-sentences-2024-12-08/\">\u003cu>Pope Francis\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, who weighed in from St. Peter’s Square on Dec. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byran Stevenson, founder of the Equal Justice Initiative, which works against mass incarceration, called Biden’s actions “an important turning point in ending America’s tragic and error-prone use of the death penalty.” In his statement Stevenson added, “I commend President Biden for recognizing that we don’t have to kill people to show that killing is wrong, that we can and should reduce violence in our communities by refusing to sanction more violence and killing in our courts and prisons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/24/938093614/u-s-to-continue-executions-through-transition-in-break-with-precedent\">\u003cu>pledged during his 2020 presidential campaign\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to abolish the death penalty and said he would support legislation to eliminate the death penalty at the federal level, but the Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/22/politics/joe-biden-federal-death-penalty-abolition/index.html\">\u003cu>took little action\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to address the issue in Congress. Legislation \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/11/955693696/democrats-unveil-legislation-to-abolish-the-federal-death-penalty\">\u003cu>introduced by Democrats\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to end the death penalty went nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After President-elect Donald Trump won the election last month, advocates started re-emphasizing the issue because of Trump’s record on federal executions. Trump had \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-government-resume-capital-punishment-after-nearly-two-decade-lapse\">\u003cu>reinstated federal executions\u003c/u>\u003c/a> during his first term, in July 2019, after a 17-year pause. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/16/957559566/u-s-executes-dustin-higgs-in-13th-and-final-execution-under-trump-administration\">\u003cu>total of 13 people\u003c/u>\u003c/a> were executed between then and the end of his term — a record number of federal executions for a single president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s commutations for those on death row are also much higher than those of his Democratic predecessors. Former President Barack Obama \u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/01/18/how-obama-disappointed-on-the-death-penalty\">\u003cu>commuted two death sentences\u003c/u>\u003c/a> at the end of his time in office, while former President Bill Clinton \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/01/21/clintons-last-day-clemency-benefits-176/d7e3ed9b-853f-4cdd-a5d4-4f9037f832c3/\">\u003cu>commuted one\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s actions come shortly after he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/12/nx-s1-5226683/biden-commutations-pardons\">\u003cu>pardoned 39 individuals\u003c/u>\u003c/a> who were convicted of nonviolent crimes, and commuted the sentences of nearly 1,500 others who were placed on home confinement during the COVID pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s announcement also follows controversy over \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/01/g-s1-36324/president-biden-pardons-son-hunter\">Biden’s pardon of his own son, Hunter Biden\u003c/a>, for gun and tax charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Lexie Schapitl contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden used his clemency authority Monday to commute the sentences of 37 of the 40 men on \u003ca href=\"https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/state-and-federal-info/federal-death-penalty/list-of-federal-death-row-prisoners\">\u003cu>federal death row\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to life without parole, in one of the most significant moves taken against capital punishment in recent presidential history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden did not commute the sentences of three men who were involved in cases of terrorism or hate-fueled mass murder, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/08/02/1191671861/jury-recommends-death-sentence-for-gunman-in-2018-pittsburgh-synagogue-shooting\">\u003cu>Robert Bowers\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, convicted for the 2018 mass shooting at a Pittsburgh synagogue; \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/01/10/509166866/jury-sentences-dylann-roof-to-die\">\u003cu>Dylann Roof\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, convicted for the 2015 mass shooting at a Black church in Charleston, S.C.; and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/03/04/1084514764/supreme-court-boston-bomber-death-sentence\">\u003cu>Dzhokhar Tsarnaev\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, convicted of the 2013 bombing at the Boston Marathon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the president said the commutations are in line with the 2021 \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/attorney-general-merrick-b-garland-imposes-moratorium-federal-executions-orders-review\">\u003cu>moratorium\u003c/u>\u003c/a> his administration imposed on federal executions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Make no mistake: I condemn these murderers, grieve for the victims of their despicable acts, and ache for all the families who have suffered unimaginable and irreparable loss,” Biden said. Citing his experience as a public defender and an elected official, Biden added, “I am more convinced than ever that we must stop the use of the death penalty at the federal level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also hinted that possible action by the incoming Trump administration was part of his motivation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In good conscience, I cannot stand back and let a new administration resume executions that I halted,” Biden said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those whose sentences were commuted are: former New Orleans police officer \u003ca href=\"https://www.nola.com/news/crime_police/len-davis-sentenced-to-death-for-murder-of-kim-groves/article_72b8b9a4-059a-5b2c-8ee5-252c398925d1.html\">\u003cu>Len Davis\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, who was convicted for hiring a hitman to kill a woman who filed a complaint against him; \u003ca href=\"https://www.courthousenews.com/competency-argued-in-appeal-for-death-row-inmate-convicted-in-south-carolina-bank-robbery-murders/\">\u003cu>Brandon Council\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, who was convicted of killing two women during a bank robbery and told agents that “demons” were controlling peoples’ minds; and Billie Jerome Allen, who was convicted for his involvement in a bank robbery but waged a \u003ca href=\"https://www.freebillieallen.com/\">\u003cu>public campaign\u003c/u>\u003c/a> for his innocence (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/20/nx-s1-5178998/advocates-want-biden-spare-the-lives-of-the-40-prisoners-on-federal-death-row\">he spoke with NPR\u003c/a> from his prison cell before Biden commuted his sentence).\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Biden has said he opposes the death penalty but had taken little action until now\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates, religious leaders and former prison officials had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/12/nx-s1-5226683/biden-commutations-pardons\">\u003cu>urging Biden\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to take this step with his pardon power, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/pope-francis-appeals-us-commute-death-row-sentences-2024-12-08/\">\u003cu>Pope Francis\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, who weighed in from St. Peter’s Square on Dec. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byran Stevenson, founder of the Equal Justice Initiative, which works against mass incarceration, called Biden’s actions “an important turning point in ending America’s tragic and error-prone use of the death penalty.” In his statement Stevenson added, “I commend President Biden for recognizing that we don’t have to kill people to show that killing is wrong, that we can and should reduce violence in our communities by refusing to sanction more violence and killing in our courts and prisons.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden had \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/11/24/938093614/u-s-to-continue-executions-through-transition-in-break-with-precedent\">\u003cu>pledged during his 2020 presidential campaign\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to abolish the death penalty and said he would support legislation to eliminate the death penalty at the federal level, but the Biden administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/22/politics/joe-biden-federal-death-penalty-abolition/index.html\">\u003cu>took little action\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to address the issue in Congress. Legislation \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/11/955693696/democrats-unveil-legislation-to-abolish-the-federal-death-penalty\">\u003cu>introduced by Democrats\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to end the death penalty went nowhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After President-elect Donald Trump won the election last month, advocates started re-emphasizing the issue because of Trump’s record on federal executions. Trump had \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/federal-government-resume-capital-punishment-after-nearly-two-decade-lapse\">\u003cu>reinstated federal executions\u003c/u>\u003c/a> during his first term, in July 2019, after a 17-year pause. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/01/16/957559566/u-s-executes-dustin-higgs-in-13th-and-final-execution-under-trump-administration\">\u003cu>total of 13 people\u003c/u>\u003c/a> were executed between then and the end of his term — a record number of federal executions for a single president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s commutations for those on death row are also much higher than those of his Democratic predecessors. Former President Barack Obama \u003ca href=\"https://www.themarshallproject.org/2017/01/18/how-obama-disappointed-on-the-death-penalty\">\u003cu>commuted two death sentences\u003c/u>\u003c/a> at the end of his time in office, while former President Bill Clinton \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/01/21/clintons-last-day-clemency-benefits-176/d7e3ed9b-853f-4cdd-a5d4-4f9037f832c3/\">\u003cu>commuted one\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s actions come shortly after he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/12/nx-s1-5226683/biden-commutations-pardons\">\u003cu>pardoned 39 individuals\u003c/u>\u003c/a> who were convicted of nonviolent crimes, and commuted the sentences of nearly 1,500 others who were placed on home confinement during the COVID pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s announcement also follows controversy over \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2024/12/01/g-s1-36324/president-biden-pardons-son-hunter\">Biden’s pardon of his own son, Hunter Biden\u003c/a>, for gun and tax charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Lexie Schapitl contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At some high schools in California, civics is everywhere. It’s part of science and history classes. It’s after school at student council and newspaper meetings. It even happens outside of school, on field trips to the Capitol and volunteer projects in the community. And after four years, it’s recognized with a gold seal on students’ diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most California high school students don’t have those opportunities. Lower-income students and those in politically mixed — or “purple” — areas where parent pushback is more common often miss out on a comprehensive education on how government works and why it matters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/\">Voter turnout\u003c/a> among adults nationwide might reflect that disparity in civic engagement, although there are many factors that influence people’s decision to vote and be civically engaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high, as \u003ca href=\"https://sps.columbia.edu/news/real-impact-fake-news-rise-political-misinformation-and-how-we-can-combat-its-influence\">misinformation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/cc/rd/index.asp\">mistrust in government\u003c/a> are on the rise, and the country reflects on a particularly divisive election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we need civics the most, it’s become harder to deliver for everyone,” said Joseph Kahne, an education professor at UC Riverside who’s extensively studied civics education in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All high school students in California are required to take a one-semester government course to graduate. But there’s wide variation in how schools teach that class. For example, some of those classes include hands-on projects that show how the Constitution is relevant today, while others adhere to dry textbook material that’s less engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many lower-income students don’t have access to extracurricular activities, the backbone of civics education outside the classroom. Schools that mostly serve lower-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">less likely to have those activities\u003c/a> because they typically require resources like a faculty advisor or money for materials. Nearly 60% of wealthier schools, for example, have a student news outlet, while only 39% of lower-income schools do, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">RAND found\u003c/a>. Eighty-five percent of wealthier schools have a student council, but only 73% of lower-income schools do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at wealthier schools, there’s a disparity in who participates. Lower-income students tend to have after-school jobs or family obligations, so they can’t take advantage of the same opportunities as their wealthier classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Civics education needs to be woven into the existing school day, in all subjects, so it’s accessible to all students,” said Michelle Herczog, program director of Californians for Civic Learning, which promotes civic education for all grades. “That’s the only way to make it equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inequities are reflected in adults’ rates of civic engagement nationwide. Americans from both parties who are financially secure are \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/civic-engagement-higher-among-americans-who-are-financially-secure#:~:text=In%20a%20nationally%20representative%20survey,those%20who%20are%20financially%20insecure.\">more likely to vote, volunteer\u003c/a>, trust election results and support democracy, according to the Urban Institute. Latinos are especially affected. According to the Latino Policy and Politics Institute at UCLA, Latinos have the lowest voter registration rate of any ethnic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that some groups of people are less likely to be civically engaged. It isn’t fair to have your voice not heard,” Kahne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Empathy and activism in San Lorenzo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some schools that serve low-income students have embraced civics education even without a surplus of funding. Students in Judy Smith’s civics classes at San Lorenzo High in the East Bay spend their days delving into issues they care about: homelessness, air pollution, police brutality, drug abuse and other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few weeks learning the nuts-and-bolts of government and democracy, students pick their research topics and set about their plans for addressing the issues. They grill politicians, survey their classmates, write letters to government officials and present their findings to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, students were busy debating the subtleties of various policies, and poring over survey results. In a week they were scheduled to make their presentations in the school library, and Smith encouraged them to wear professional attire for the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armando Espinoza, a senior, said the class has been life-changing. His group was looking into gun violence and its impact on young people, exploring existing laws and legal failures to restrict firearms, especially ghost guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning of the year, it was like, oh, this is just for a grade,” he said. “But as I started learning more, I got engaged in how this problem affects our community. No teenager should have to live through a shooting. For me, it’s been empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019090\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on their storyboard about gun violence, during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His classmate Moniba Hussain said she chose the topic because gun violence is what drove her family from Oakland to the quiet, working-class community of San Lorenzo. Talking to politicians and debating laws with her classmates brought the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn that it could be us someday, affected by a shooting,” Hussain said. “This class has pushed us to be more passionate about issues in our community. We learn how issues affect people. We learn empathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was so inspired by the class, in fact, she’s decided to become a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another group of students was researching domestic violence against immigrant women, an issue that resonates in a community where more than a third of families are immigrants. Surveying more than 120 classmates, the students learned that 59% had either been a victim of domestic violence or knew someone who was, yet very few knew that there was help available for women who need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That told them that outreach needed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need to know there’s support for them, that they won’t be deported,” said senior Shary Cetino. “But what we learned is that there really needs to be more outreach and awareness. That’s what we’re hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushback from parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For students in politically mixed areas of California, the obstacle isn’t money — it’s often parents. Purple areas tend to see more political conflicts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">which often play out at schools\u003c/a> in the form of parental protests over “woke” curriculum, trans students’ rights or so-called culture war issues. In a 2023 RAND survey, two-thirds of teachers nationwide said they limit discussions of politics and social issues in the classroom for fear of being attacked by parents and not supported by their administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among some parents, on the left and right, there’s a fear that civics education includes indoctrination,” said Keri Doggett, vice president of Teach Democracy, which promotes civic education. “Both Democrats and Republicans support civics education. So it’s important, now maybe more than ever, to provide a balanced point of view with multiple perspectives so students can reach their own conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Healy, senior policy director at the nonprofit iCivics, which provides civics curriculum, said that declining trust in institutions is at the crux of the debate. Why teach about elections, for example, if elections are rigged? But civics education “is not about teaching blind allegiance to these institutions,” he said, “It’s about improving these institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019096\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Lorenzo High School teacher Judy Smith teaches her 3rd period government class in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024, as they develop civic action infographics on topics ranging from gun violence to vaping. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes this work difficult,” Healy added. “There’s a sense that there’s a political agenda, that schools are trying to lead students in one direction or another. The reaction has been to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing controversial issues in class is a core part of civics education, Healy said. It’s how students learn to articulate their viewpoints about important issues, listen to those they don’t agree with and even occasionally change their minds. Avoiding classroom debates is “educational malpractice,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Giving students a voice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina in the San Gabriel Valley, social studies teacher Sheila Edwards has been able to minimize pushback from parents by inviting them into the classroom, sharing lesson plans and generally being transparent about what happens in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards leads her classes in monthly “civil dialogues,” where students study multiple sides of an issue, such as Supreme Court rulings or the practice of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in school, and then debate their viewpoints. The general rules, created by students, are that speakers should be polite, attack ideas and not people, and not monopolize the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students create their own guidelines and lead the conversations, I’ve found that they really buy into it,” Edwards said. “When you give them a voice, they will use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019102\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019102\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters on the wall in the classroom of government and economics teacher, Judy Smith, at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. Smith challenges her students to do innovative civic engagement projects like interviewing local politicians about social issues and creating civic action infographics. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an adviser for the National Constitution Center, a national civics education organization, Edwards has trained hundreds of teachers to lead class discussions of contentious issues. She advises teachers to stick to the facts, whether it’s curriculum standards or primary sources like party platforms or the Declaration of Independence, rather than focus on individuals. If a student says they like a politician, for example, she asks them to talk about specific issues instead of their support for the person generally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s always dicey discussing issues like gun control or LGBTQ rights in classrooms, she said, especially in conservative areas. She often hears from teachers who feel beleaguered because of pushback from parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard time to be a teacher, social studies teachers in particular,” said Edwards, who’s been a teacher for three decades. “We are on the hot seat. But I like to think of it as an opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Struggles in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, 24 states have strengthened their civics education programs in the past few years, and the federal government has quadrupled its grant money for civics education in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture in California is less rosy.[aside tag='education' label='More Education Coverage']Five years ago, California adopted a “seal of civic engagement” for high school students as an incentive for schools to beef up their civics programs. Modeled on the state’s popular seal of biliteracy, the civics seal allows students to receive a badge on their diplomas indicating that they understand how government and citizenship works, and have researched and taken action on a problem that affects their community. The seal is meant to make the student more competitive on college and job applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, just 2% — or 11,000 — of graduating seniors \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/hssstateseal.asp\">received a seal\u003c/a>. Only 86 districts, out of 1,000, participated. The state paperwork is fairly simple, Herczog said, but money and potential backlash from parents is often a deterrent. Although there are plenty of free and low-cost options available, some hands-on civics projects cost money, whether it’s for teacher training or for hiring a bus to take students to the capitol, and districts are reluctant to commit to new expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wouldn’t love getting a seal on their diploma? Students love it, but sometimes it comes down to district leadership,” Herczog said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paloma Esqueda and her classmates work on developing a storyboard to plan their civic action infographic during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, a number of bills to strengthen civic engagement have failed in recent years. One would have \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1520?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">created a new position\u003c/a> at the California Department of Education to help school districts build their seal of civic engagement programs. Another would have required schools to offer \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1094?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">hands-on civics projects\u003c/a> to complement their textbook lessons, beginning in elementary school. Both bills died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California absolutely has a ways to go,” Healy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change might be tough to come by. While some states teach civics as a year-long course, that’s not likely to happen in California because students’ schedules are so packed with other requirements. Anything that requires money, even if it’s minimal, is likely to face opposition in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">current budget climate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates need to persist, Herczog said, because there’s a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of our democracy is threatened if civic education is not made a priority,” she said. “But it takes wisdom and bold leadership to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, the San Lorenzo High civics teacher, started including hands-on projects in her civics class 15 years ago, but expanded it to include \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/11/fake-news-california-school/\">media literacy\u003c/a> recently when she noticed the rise of misinformation on social media and in public discourse. She wanted her students to understand how to research issues they care about, and know how to lobby for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get lots of help, but it’s extra work and I do have high standards for the students. I want them to push themselves,” Smith said. “There are so many skills they need to be effective participants in our democracy. My hope is that this class plants the seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Not All California Schools Get the Same Civics Lessons. Here's Why | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At some high schools in California, civics is everywhere. It’s part of science and history classes. It’s after school at student council and newspaper meetings. It even happens outside of school, on field trips to the Capitol and volunteer projects in the community. And after four years, it’s recognized with a gold seal on students’ diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most California high school students don’t have those opportunities. Lower-income students and those in politically mixed — or “purple” — areas where parent pushback is more common often miss out on a comprehensive education on how government works and why it matters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/\">Voter turnout\u003c/a> among adults nationwide might reflect that disparity in civic engagement, although there are many factors that influence people’s decision to vote and be civically engaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high, as \u003ca href=\"https://sps.columbia.edu/news/real-impact-fake-news-rise-political-misinformation-and-how-we-can-combat-its-influence\">misinformation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/cc/rd/index.asp\">mistrust in government\u003c/a> are on the rise, and the country reflects on a particularly divisive election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we need civics the most, it’s become harder to deliver for everyone,” said Joseph Kahne, an education professor at UC Riverside who’s extensively studied civics education in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All high school students in California are required to take a one-semester government course to graduate. But there’s wide variation in how schools teach that class. For example, some of those classes include hands-on projects that show how the Constitution is relevant today, while others adhere to dry textbook material that’s less engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many lower-income students don’t have access to extracurricular activities, the backbone of civics education outside the classroom. Schools that mostly serve lower-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">less likely to have those activities\u003c/a> because they typically require resources like a faculty advisor or money for materials. Nearly 60% of wealthier schools, for example, have a student news outlet, while only 39% of lower-income schools do, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">RAND found\u003c/a>. Eighty-five percent of wealthier schools have a student council, but only 73% of lower-income schools do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at wealthier schools, there’s a disparity in who participates. Lower-income students tend to have after-school jobs or family obligations, so they can’t take advantage of the same opportunities as their wealthier classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Civics education needs to be woven into the existing school day, in all subjects, so it’s accessible to all students,” said Michelle Herczog, program director of Californians for Civic Learning, which promotes civic education for all grades. “That’s the only way to make it equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inequities are reflected in adults’ rates of civic engagement nationwide. Americans from both parties who are financially secure are \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/civic-engagement-higher-among-americans-who-are-financially-secure#:~:text=In%20a%20nationally%20representative%20survey,those%20who%20are%20financially%20insecure.\">more likely to vote, volunteer\u003c/a>, trust election results and support democracy, according to the Urban Institute. Latinos are especially affected. According to the Latino Policy and Politics Institute at UCLA, Latinos have the lowest voter registration rate of any ethnic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that some groups of people are less likely to be civically engaged. It isn’t fair to have your voice not heard,” Kahne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Empathy and activism in San Lorenzo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some schools that serve low-income students have embraced civics education even without a surplus of funding. Students in Judy Smith’s civics classes at San Lorenzo High in the East Bay spend their days delving into issues they care about: homelessness, air pollution, police brutality, drug abuse and other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few weeks learning the nuts-and-bolts of government and democracy, students pick their research topics and set about their plans for addressing the issues. They grill politicians, survey their classmates, write letters to government officials and present their findings to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, students were busy debating the subtleties of various policies, and poring over survey results. In a week they were scheduled to make their presentations in the school library, and Smith encouraged them to wear professional attire for the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armando Espinoza, a senior, said the class has been life-changing. His group was looking into gun violence and its impact on young people, exploring existing laws and legal failures to restrict firearms, especially ghost guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning of the year, it was like, oh, this is just for a grade,” he said. “But as I started learning more, I got engaged in how this problem affects our community. No teenager should have to live through a shooting. For me, it’s been empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019090\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on their storyboard about gun violence, during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His classmate Moniba Hussain said she chose the topic because gun violence is what drove her family from Oakland to the quiet, working-class community of San Lorenzo. Talking to politicians and debating laws with her classmates brought the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn that it could be us someday, affected by a shooting,” Hussain said. “This class has pushed us to be more passionate about issues in our community. We learn how issues affect people. We learn empathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was so inspired by the class, in fact, she’s decided to become a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another group of students was researching domestic violence against immigrant women, an issue that resonates in a community where more than a third of families are immigrants. Surveying more than 120 classmates, the students learned that 59% had either been a victim of domestic violence or knew someone who was, yet very few knew that there was help available for women who need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That told them that outreach needed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need to know there’s support for them, that they won’t be deported,” said senior Shary Cetino. “But what we learned is that there really needs to be more outreach and awareness. That’s what we’re hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushback from parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For students in politically mixed areas of California, the obstacle isn’t money — it’s often parents. Purple areas tend to see more political conflicts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">which often play out at schools\u003c/a> in the form of parental protests over “woke” curriculum, trans students’ rights or so-called culture war issues. In a 2023 RAND survey, two-thirds of teachers nationwide said they limit discussions of politics and social issues in the classroom for fear of being attacked by parents and not supported by their administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among some parents, on the left and right, there’s a fear that civics education includes indoctrination,” said Keri Doggett, vice president of Teach Democracy, which promotes civic education. “Both Democrats and Republicans support civics education. So it’s important, now maybe more than ever, to provide a balanced point of view with multiple perspectives so students can reach their own conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Healy, senior policy director at the nonprofit iCivics, which provides civics curriculum, said that declining trust in institutions is at the crux of the debate. Why teach about elections, for example, if elections are rigged? But civics education “is not about teaching blind allegiance to these institutions,” he said, “It’s about improving these institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019096\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Lorenzo High School teacher Judy Smith teaches her 3rd period government class in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024, as they develop civic action infographics on topics ranging from gun violence to vaping. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes this work difficult,” Healy added. “There’s a sense that there’s a political agenda, that schools are trying to lead students in one direction or another. The reaction has been to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing controversial issues in class is a core part of civics education, Healy said. It’s how students learn to articulate their viewpoints about important issues, listen to those they don’t agree with and even occasionally change their minds. Avoiding classroom debates is “educational malpractice,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Giving students a voice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina in the San Gabriel Valley, social studies teacher Sheila Edwards has been able to minimize pushback from parents by inviting them into the classroom, sharing lesson plans and generally being transparent about what happens in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards leads her classes in monthly “civil dialogues,” where students study multiple sides of an issue, such as Supreme Court rulings or the practice of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in school, and then debate their viewpoints. The general rules, created by students, are that speakers should be polite, attack ideas and not people, and not monopolize the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students create their own guidelines and lead the conversations, I’ve found that they really buy into it,” Edwards said. “When you give them a voice, they will use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019102\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019102\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters on the wall in the classroom of government and economics teacher, Judy Smith, at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. Smith challenges her students to do innovative civic engagement projects like interviewing local politicians about social issues and creating civic action infographics. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an adviser for the National Constitution Center, a national civics education organization, Edwards has trained hundreds of teachers to lead class discussions of contentious issues. She advises teachers to stick to the facts, whether it’s curriculum standards or primary sources like party platforms or the Declaration of Independence, rather than focus on individuals. If a student says they like a politician, for example, she asks them to talk about specific issues instead of their support for the person generally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s always dicey discussing issues like gun control or LGBTQ rights in classrooms, she said, especially in conservative areas. She often hears from teachers who feel beleaguered because of pushback from parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard time to be a teacher, social studies teachers in particular,” said Edwards, who’s been a teacher for three decades. “We are on the hot seat. But I like to think of it as an opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Struggles in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, 24 states have strengthened their civics education programs in the past few years, and the federal government has quadrupled its grant money for civics education in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture in California is less rosy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Five years ago, California adopted a “seal of civic engagement” for high school students as an incentive for schools to beef up their civics programs. Modeled on the state’s popular seal of biliteracy, the civics seal allows students to receive a badge on their diplomas indicating that they understand how government and citizenship works, and have researched and taken action on a problem that affects their community. The seal is meant to make the student more competitive on college and job applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, just 2% — or 11,000 — of graduating seniors \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/hssstateseal.asp\">received a seal\u003c/a>. Only 86 districts, out of 1,000, participated. The state paperwork is fairly simple, Herczog said, but money and potential backlash from parents is often a deterrent. Although there are plenty of free and low-cost options available, some hands-on civics projects cost money, whether it’s for teacher training or for hiring a bus to take students to the capitol, and districts are reluctant to commit to new expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wouldn’t love getting a seal on their diploma? Students love it, but sometimes it comes down to district leadership,” Herczog said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paloma Esqueda and her classmates work on developing a storyboard to plan their civic action infographic during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, a number of bills to strengthen civic engagement have failed in recent years. One would have \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1520?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">created a new position\u003c/a> at the California Department of Education to help school districts build their seal of civic engagement programs. Another would have required schools to offer \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1094?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">hands-on civics projects\u003c/a> to complement their textbook lessons, beginning in elementary school. Both bills died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California absolutely has a ways to go,” Healy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change might be tough to come by. While some states teach civics as a year-long course, that’s not likely to happen in California because students’ schedules are so packed with other requirements. Anything that requires money, even if it’s minimal, is likely to face opposition in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">current budget climate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates need to persist, Herczog said, because there’s a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of our democracy is threatened if civic education is not made a priority,” she said. “But it takes wisdom and bold leadership to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, the San Lorenzo High civics teacher, started including hands-on projects in her civics class 15 years ago, but expanded it to include \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/11/fake-news-california-school/\">media literacy\u003c/a> recently when she noticed the rise of misinformation on social media and in public discourse. She wanted her students to understand how to research issues they care about, and know how to lobby for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get lots of help, but it’s extra work and I do have high standards for the students. I want them to push themselves,” Smith said. “There are so many skills they need to be effective participants in our democracy. My hope is that this class plants the seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As a government shutdown looms, Bay Area leaders are bracing for impacts that would include airport delays just days before Christmas; hundreds of thousands of federal workers in the state losing pay; and, if it dragged on, low-income families losing access to food benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 7,600 federal workers in San Francisco alone would be furloughed or forced to work without pay if there’s a total government shutdown, according to Speaker Emerita Nancy Pelosi’s office. Across California, she said, more than 400,000 people — including more than 213,000 members of the armed forces and 187,000 federal workers — would be forced to go without a paycheck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Bay Democratic Congressman Jared Huffman said Friday morning that he’s not optimistic about the chances of the GOP cutting a deal in time for the midnight deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If these guys shut the government down, as it looks like they’re trying to do, it is going to devastate the people of California, the people in my district,” Huffman said. “I’ve lived through two of these government shutdowns before, and everybody loses. They don’t save money. They devastate people’s lives. And at the end of the day, everybody’s mad at the Republicans who forced us to live through it. And here they go again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman said he has 13,000 people in his district alone who stand to lose benefits through a program that provides free healthy food, breastfeeding support, nutrition education and other help to families with kids under age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he said in addition to the airport delays when TSA agents and air traffic controllers are forced to work without pay, national parks and Bureau of Land Management areas will be without staff in the case of a shutdown, causing what Huffman called “chaos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12019149 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/08/GettyImages-2167179772_qed-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen it — restrooms quickly become unusable and unsanitary, trash dumpsters and bins start overflowing. I mean, it becomes unsafe. There aren’t rangers and federal personnel. And sometimes, these areas have to simply be closed off. So that’s terrible for the environment. It’s terrible for the folks who use these facilities. It’s terrible for the economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just more rural districts like Huffman’s that would be affected by the national parks being shuttered, said Jeff Cretan, a spokesman for San Francisco Mayor London Breed. He noted that the Presidio and Crissy Field fields will be without staff and technically closed in the case of a shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And eventually, Cretan added, a prolonged closure of the federal government could be problematic for federally funded agencies like the San Francisco Housing Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans in Congress tanked a deal to fund the government through March earlier this week after billionaire Elon Musk and President-elect Donald Trump savaged the bipartisan spending agreement. House GOP Speaker Mike Johnson went back to the drawing board on Thursday, introducing a pared-down measure that included extending the debt limit for two years — a last-minute demand from Trump that surprised many fiscal hawks in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Johnson was unable to convince his caucus to take that second spending bill over the finish line on Thursday night, with 38 Republicans voting against it. Johnson was struggling Friday to find a compromise measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While benefits like Medicare and Social Security are authorized separately and will continue in the case of a shutdown, Los Angeles Democratic Congresswoman Sydney Kamlager-Dove said that departments including Agriculture and the Small Business Administration would have to pause processing loans for small businesses, farmers and others if there’s a shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said Democrats are in no mood to save Republicans, who she blamed for the prospect of a shutdown. Kamlager-Dove noted that Republicans reneged on the initial legislation, which was the result of bipartisan negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Democrats are incredibly defiant, and we have realized that we are no longer going to be polite or predictable,” she said. “You come to us, you honor your word. You deal in, negotiate the way adults do, or else Republicans cannot do anything in this Congress nor the next without Democrats. They just do not have the votes. …So they need us. So don’t try and punk us and take everything off the negotiating table that we negotiated in. And then come and demand that we vote for you. That is not how this goes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Bay Democratic Rep. Anna Eshoo also took issue with some of the critiques Republicans and Musk had of that compromise bill, saying she worked hard across the aisle to fund programs that will help kids with cancer and rare diseases receive life-saving treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, thanks to a tweet from an unelected billionaire, Elon Musk, House Republicans have abandoned this legislation that saves children’s lives,” Eshoo said in a written statement. “Every child deserves access to the best possible healthcare and a healthy start to life, but Republicans have walked away from that promise to our nation’s children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sjohnson\">Sydney Johnson\u003c/a> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a government shutdown looms, Bay Area leaders are bracing for impacts that would include airport delays just days before Christmas; hundreds of thousands of federal workers in the state losing pay; and, if it dragged on, low-income families losing access to food benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 7,600 federal workers in San Francisco alone would be furloughed or forced to work without pay if there’s a total government shutdown, according to Speaker Emerita Nancy Pelosi’s office. Across California, she said, more than 400,000 people — including more than 213,000 members of the armed forces and 187,000 federal workers — would be forced to go without a paycheck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North Bay Democratic Congressman Jared Huffman said Friday morning that he’s not optimistic about the chances of the GOP cutting a deal in time for the midnight deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If these guys shut the government down, as it looks like they’re trying to do, it is going to devastate the people of California, the people in my district,” Huffman said. “I’ve lived through two of these government shutdowns before, and everybody loses. They don’t save money. They devastate people’s lives. And at the end of the day, everybody’s mad at the Republicans who forced us to live through it. And here they go again.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huffman said he has 13,000 people in his district alone who stand to lose benefits through a program that provides free healthy food, breastfeeding support, nutrition education and other help to families with kids under age 5.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, he said in addition to the airport delays when TSA agents and air traffic controllers are forced to work without pay, national parks and Bureau of Land Management areas will be without staff in the case of a shutdown, causing what Huffman called “chaos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen it — restrooms quickly become unusable and unsanitary, trash dumpsters and bins start overflowing. I mean, it becomes unsafe. There aren’t rangers and federal personnel. And sometimes, these areas have to simply be closed off. So that’s terrible for the environment. It’s terrible for the folks who use these facilities. It’s terrible for the economy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just more rural districts like Huffman’s that would be affected by the national parks being shuttered, said Jeff Cretan, a spokesman for San Francisco Mayor London Breed. He noted that the Presidio and Crissy Field fields will be without staff and technically closed in the case of a shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And eventually, Cretan added, a prolonged closure of the federal government could be problematic for federally funded agencies like the San Francisco Housing Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans in Congress tanked a deal to fund the government through March earlier this week after billionaire Elon Musk and President-elect Donald Trump savaged the bipartisan spending agreement. House GOP Speaker Mike Johnson went back to the drawing board on Thursday, introducing a pared-down measure that included extending the debt limit for two years — a last-minute demand from Trump that surprised many fiscal hawks in Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately, Johnson was unable to convince his caucus to take that second spending bill over the finish line on Thursday night, with 38 Republicans voting against it. Johnson was struggling Friday to find a compromise measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While benefits like Medicare and Social Security are authorized separately and will continue in the case of a shutdown, Los Angeles Democratic Congresswoman Sydney Kamlager-Dove said that departments including Agriculture and the Small Business Administration would have to pause processing loans for small businesses, farmers and others if there’s a shutdown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said Democrats are in no mood to save Republicans, who she blamed for the prospect of a shutdown. Kamlager-Dove noted that Republicans reneged on the initial legislation, which was the result of bipartisan negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Democrats are incredibly defiant, and we have realized that we are no longer going to be polite or predictable,” she said. “You come to us, you honor your word. You deal in, negotiate the way adults do, or else Republicans cannot do anything in this Congress nor the next without Democrats. They just do not have the votes. …So they need us. So don’t try and punk us and take everything off the negotiating table that we negotiated in. And then come and demand that we vote for you. That is not how this goes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Bay Democratic Rep. Anna Eshoo also took issue with some of the critiques Republicans and Musk had of that compromise bill, saying she worked hard across the aisle to fund programs that will help kids with cancer and rare diseases receive life-saving treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now, thanks to a tweet from an unelected billionaire, Elon Musk, House Republicans have abandoned this legislation that saves children’s lives,” Eshoo said in a written statement. “Every child deserves access to the best possible healthcare and a healthy start to life, but Republicans have walked away from that promise to our nation’s children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sjohnson\">Sydney Johnson\u003c/a> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In Amira Barger’s family, there are three rules they use to navigate difficult conversations — especially about politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first, Barger said, is, “Who are we going to break bread with?” The second: “Who do we build a boundary with?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the third rule: “Who are we burning a bridge with?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#expert-tips\">This expert’s four tips for bringing politics to your holiday table\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Barger, a communications professor at Cal State East Bay, has thought a lot about these questions. But it’s a whole other thing when the talking points and strategy involve your own family. She said that since 2016, elections have created especially tense moments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of our family, on both sides, voted very differently than my husband and I did, for reasons that we don’t necessarily and personally understand,” she said. “Through years of conversations, we’ve had to make the difficult decision to build boundaries.”[aside postID=perspectives_201601145238 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/44/2024/11/JennyFanRaj-1020x1360.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And in some instances, burn bridges with my father-in-law, my brother, and even my own mother,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why tackle difficult conversations head-on?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Barger said this approach is not based on any “arrogance” she has. Rather, it’s an attempt at self-preservation as a former registered Republican who grew up in a deeply conservative environment surrounded by evangelical Christians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My current identity, a registered Democrat, is not a result of misunderstanding or elitism,” she said. “For me, it’s a consequence of a profound and personal understanding of a mindset and a life and a set of beliefs that I actually left behind — which is where some of the anger and confusion and hurt comes from with my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The holidays are a time when these kinds of tensions particularly flare. For many, the prospect of navigating political differences with loved ones around the table has become something of a seasonal villain — a buzzkill on a par with the Grinch or Scrooge. (Or the mega-developer who wants to buy out a town’s only holiday shop.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 2016 presidential election, many news organizations have offered advice to readers on how to gracefully navigate such conversations while minimizing conflict, like CNN’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/22/health/thanksgiving-holiday-conversation-survival-guide-trnd/index.html\">How to talk politics at your family holiday meal this year\u003c/a>,” NBC’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/better/health/how-survive-thanksgiving-when-politics-loom-large-ncna821206\">How to survive Thanksgiving when politics loom large\u003c/a>” or NPR’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1257825199\">Science-backed tips on how to navigate holiday arguments\u003c/a>.” Or, for that matter, KQED’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967137/how-to-handle-hard-conversations-with-family-this-holiday-season\">How to Handle Hard Conversations With Family This Holiday Season\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[aside tag='politics' label='The Latest Politics News']\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent survey, the American Psychological Association found that nearly 40% of adults reported being stressed by the thought of politics coming up at holiday gatherings. An equal number said they’d rather avoid it altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Barger argues otherwise. For her, difficult conversations help put families on a path toward growth — and she said those discussions have become more necessary now than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if avoiding conflict isn’t your aim either, here’s how you can brace for potentially awkward, messy conversations like these over the holidays — and how to prepare for the reality that things could get tense:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"expert-tips\">\u003c/a>1. Politics is unavoidable, so plan ahead\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In this era of hyper-political polarization, Barger believes that at the core of disagreements among loved ones is a lack of empathy. She said that now, more than ever, the tensions aren’t just differences of political opinion — they’re actually over human rights and values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really is this clash of fundamental principles about people’s humanity that is being attacked. My humanity as a Black woman,” she said. “Or if I look at some of my friends, their humanity or dignity as members of the LGBTQ+ community, as an immigrant family, as someone who is unhoused or underemployed, or someone who is hungry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our voices and our vote are things that we can control and choices that we can make to protect people around us, based on who’s in power and the policies that are promoted and that are actually passed,” Barger said. “So I think it’s a conversation about values. That’s what’s at stake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, Barger suggests that people make a plan that recognizes who they’ll engage with — and what their own limits might be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018740\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018740\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amira Barger, Communications professor at Cal State East Bay, poses for a photo at her home in Benicia on Dec. 17, 2024. Barger, now progressive in political beliefs, grew up in a conservative, Christian family. She will not be joining her family for the holidays and instead will stay at home with her husband, child and little brother. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>2. Show up with curiosity and humility\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to Barger, a “real” conversation is partly about growth. But people have to start with an open mind, she said — and be ready to have their perspectives challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider these questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Is there something in this world that I am wrong about or halfway right about and need to learn more about?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What about what I’m hearing from these perspectives around the table might be understandable?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You are encouraged to say “I don’t know” and follow up later, Barger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Think “yes and ….”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s not just a trope of improv and comedy sketches. There’s a reason that “yes and” has become a mainstay of corporate ice-breakers and summer camp circuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common ground can help create understanding, Barger said, “because that helps people to build trust with one another and to strengthen connection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some things that we agree on. We may not agree on the solutions to those things, but maybe we agree on what the challenge or the problem is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. If all else fails, hit the reset button\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Barger said if conversations escalate, people should take a verbal pause — or a physical one. In the past, she said she’s gone for a walk around the block or pivoted the conversation to innocuous topics like upcoming travel plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s about building a boundary,” Barger said. “Boundaries aren’t about controlling others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re about honoring your well-being and your values and what’s important to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Brian Watt contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Amira Barger’s family, there are three rules they use to navigate difficult conversations — especially about politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first, Barger said, is, “Who are we going to break bread with?” The second: “Who do we build a boundary with?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the third rule: “Who are we burning a bridge with?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#expert-tips\">This expert’s four tips for bringing politics to your holiday table\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Barger, a communications professor at Cal State East Bay, has thought a lot about these questions. But it’s a whole other thing when the talking points and strategy involve your own family. She said that since 2016, elections have created especially tense moments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Much of our family, on both sides, voted very differently than my husband and I did, for reasons that we don’t necessarily and personally understand,” she said. “Through years of conversations, we’ve had to make the difficult decision to build boundaries.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And in some instances, burn bridges with my father-in-law, my brother, and even my own mother,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why tackle difficult conversations head-on?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Barger said this approach is not based on any “arrogance” she has. Rather, it’s an attempt at self-preservation as a former registered Republican who grew up in a deeply conservative environment surrounded by evangelical Christians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My current identity, a registered Democrat, is not a result of misunderstanding or elitism,” she said. “For me, it’s a consequence of a profound and personal understanding of a mindset and a life and a set of beliefs that I actually left behind — which is where some of the anger and confusion and hurt comes from with my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The holidays are a time when these kinds of tensions particularly flare. For many, the prospect of navigating political differences with loved ones around the table has become something of a seasonal villain — a buzzkill on a par with the Grinch or Scrooge. (Or the mega-developer who wants to buy out a town’s only holiday shop.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 2016 presidential election, many news organizations have offered advice to readers on how to gracefully navigate such conversations while minimizing conflict, like CNN’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2016/11/22/health/thanksgiving-holiday-conversation-survival-guide-trnd/index.html\">How to talk politics at your family holiday meal this year\u003c/a>,” NBC’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/better/health/how-survive-thanksgiving-when-politics-loom-large-ncna821206\">How to survive Thanksgiving when politics loom large\u003c/a>” or NPR’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1257825199\">Science-backed tips on how to navigate holiday arguments\u003c/a>.” Or, for that matter, KQED’s “\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11967137/how-to-handle-hard-conversations-with-family-this-holiday-season\">How to Handle Hard Conversations With Family This Holiday Season\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent survey, the American Psychological Association found that nearly 40% of adults reported being stressed by the thought of politics coming up at holiday gatherings. An equal number said they’d rather avoid it altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Barger argues otherwise. For her, difficult conversations help put families on a path toward growth — and she said those discussions have become more necessary now than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if avoiding conflict isn’t your aim either, here’s how you can brace for potentially awkward, messy conversations like these over the holidays — and how to prepare for the reality that things could get tense:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"expert-tips\">\u003c/a>1. Politics is unavoidable, so plan ahead\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In this era of hyper-political polarization, Barger believes that at the core of disagreements among loved ones is a lack of empathy. She said that now, more than ever, the tensions aren’t just differences of political opinion — they’re actually over human rights and values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really is this clash of fundamental principles about people’s humanity that is being attacked. My humanity as a Black woman,” she said. “Or if I look at some of my friends, their humanity or dignity as members of the LGBTQ+ community, as an immigrant family, as someone who is unhoused or underemployed, or someone who is hungry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our voices and our vote are things that we can control and choices that we can make to protect people around us, based on who’s in power and the policies that are promoted and that are actually passed,” Barger said. “So I think it’s a conversation about values. That’s what’s at stake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, Barger suggests that people make a plan that recognizes who they’ll engage with — and what their own limits might be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018740\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018740\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241217_PoliticsHoliday-6-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amira Barger, Communications professor at Cal State East Bay, poses for a photo at her home in Benicia on Dec. 17, 2024. Barger, now progressive in political beliefs, grew up in a conservative, Christian family. She will not be joining her family for the holidays and instead will stay at home with her husband, child and little brother. \u003ccite>(Gina Castro/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>2. Show up with curiosity and humility\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to Barger, a “real” conversation is partly about growth. But people have to start with an open mind, she said — and be ready to have their perspectives challenged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider these questions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Is there something in this world that I am wrong about or halfway right about and need to learn more about?\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>What about what I’m hearing from these perspectives around the table might be understandable?\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>You are encouraged to say “I don’t know” and follow up later, Barger said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Think “yes and ….”\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s not just a trope of improv and comedy sketches. There’s a reason that “yes and” has become a mainstay of corporate ice-breakers and summer camp circuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common ground can help create understanding, Barger said, “because that helps people to build trust with one another and to strengthen connection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are some things that we agree on. We may not agree on the solutions to those things, but maybe we agree on what the challenge or the problem is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"soldout": {
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"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
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