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"content": "\u003cp>Walking through San José’s Plaza de Cesar Chavez, there’s all the sparkle and gleam of the holidays: brightly colored bulbs, shimmering ornaments and the familiar melody of Christmas music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as you snake through the paths of community-decorated Christmas trees and light displays for the city’s annual \u003ca href=\"https://christmasinthepark.com/\">Christmas in the Park\u003c/a>, there are two trees with a deeper message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a non-threatening way to learn about Palestine,” said Dina Saba, a Palestinian Christian resident of San José. She’s standing in front of two Christmas trees she and a group of 15 volunteers decorated to highlight the ongoing violence in Gaza and the West Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019575\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019575\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dina Saba adjusts the top of one of the tree she and volunteers decorated to bring attention to ongoing violence in the West Bank and Gaza at San José’s Christmas in the Park on Dec. 15, 2024. \u003ccite>(Lakshmi Sarah/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first, dedicated to Gaza, is covered with ornaments showing pictures of smiling, happy children, all of whom have been killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s devastating to see the children’s faces before they were killed,” she said. “They’re just beautiful faces. We wanted to honor them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not far away is their second tree, dedicated to the West Bank, with images of the wall between Israel and Palestinian territories, ornaments with Palestinian traditional dress and an olive branch at the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and the volunteers spent a month preparing ornaments and printing out images to adorn the trees to honor those who have died and shine a light on continuing violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt that it was actually imperative to recognize, honor and raise awareness on what is actually happening in Gaza — which is a genocide,” Saba said. The United Nations found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/11/un-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide\">Israel’s warfare in Gaza\u003c/a> “consistent with the characteristics of genocide, with mass civilian casualties and life-threatening conditions intentionally imposed on Palestinians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019013\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019013\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-1229x1536.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tree decorated with photos and other ornaments to raise awareness of the plight of children in Gaza is one of the many trees decorated by members of the community at this year’s Christmas in the Park celebration at Plaza de Cesar Chavez in downtown San José on Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Violence in the region worsened after the Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas-led cross-border attack into Southern Israel — killing more than 1,200 people and taking approximately 240 hostages, according to the Israeli government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s emotional for us because these are our people and our families,” Saba tears up looking at the tree honoring Gaza. “I have relatives in Gaza that have been killed.”[aside tag=\"israel-hamas,palestine\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]Last October, Palestinian Christians in Gaza dedicated services to the victims of a nearby airstrike that damaged an Orthodox church compound \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/22/1207912701/churchgoers-dedicate-prayers-to-palestinian-christians-who-died-in-airstrike\">and killed at least 18 people\u003c/a>. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem plays an important role in Christian faith. It is said to be where Jesus was crucified and laid to rest, then rose again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though normally she celebrates Christmas every year, Saba said this marks the second year in a row she won’t be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saba says it’s mentally and emotionally exhausting to grapple with the idea that U.S. tax dollars, that she contributes to, are “killing her own people,” as she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re devastated. Our people are being annihilated,” she said. “It’s hard for us to celebrate while knowing that our family, our community, our people are being completely slaughtered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees are on display until January 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Walking through San José’s Plaza de Cesar Chavez, there’s all the sparkle and gleam of the holidays: brightly colored bulbs, shimmering ornaments and the familiar melody of Christmas music.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as you snake through the paths of community-decorated Christmas trees and light displays for the city’s annual \u003ca href=\"https://christmasinthepark.com/\">Christmas in the Park\u003c/a>, there are two trees with a deeper message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a non-threatening way to learn about Palestine,” said Dina Saba, a Palestinian Christian resident of San José. She’s standing in front of two Christmas trees she and a group of 15 volunteers decorated to highlight the ongoing violence in Gaza and the West Bank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019575\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019575\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1920\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/05_IMG_2263-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dina Saba adjusts the top of one of the tree she and volunteers decorated to bring attention to ongoing violence in the West Bank and Gaza at San José’s Christmas in the Park on Dec. 15, 2024. \u003ccite>(Lakshmi Sarah/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first, dedicated to Gaza, is covered with ornaments showing pictures of smiling, happy children, all of whom have been killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s devastating to see the children’s faces before they were killed,” she said. “They’re just beautiful faces. We wanted to honor them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not far away is their second tree, dedicated to the West Bank, with images of the wall between Israel and Palestinian territories, ornaments with Palestinian traditional dress and an olive branch at the top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and the volunteers spent a month preparing ornaments and printing out images to adorn the trees to honor those who have died and shine a light on continuing violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I felt that it was actually imperative to recognize, honor and raise awareness on what is actually happening in Gaza — which is a genocide,” Saba said. The United Nations found \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2024/11/un-special-committee-finds-israels-warfare-methods-gaza-consistent-genocide\">Israel’s warfare in Gaza\u003c/a> “consistent with the characteristics of genocide, with mass civilian casualties and life-threatening conditions intentionally imposed on Palestinians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019013\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019013\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"2000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064.jpg 1600w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-1020x1275.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241218_Palestinian-Christmas-Trees_0064-1229x1536.jpg 1229w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A tree decorated with photos and other ornaments to raise awareness of the plight of children in Gaza is one of the many trees decorated by members of the community at this year’s Christmas in the Park celebration at Plaza de Cesar Chavez in downtown San José on Wednesday, Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Violence in the region worsened after the Oct. 7, 2023 Hamas-led cross-border attack into Southern Israel — killing more than 1,200 people and taking approximately 240 hostages, according to the Israeli government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s emotional for us because these are our people and our families,” Saba tears up looking at the tree honoring Gaza. “I have relatives in Gaza that have been killed.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Last October, Palestinian Christians in Gaza dedicated services to the victims of a nearby airstrike that damaged an Orthodox church compound \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/10/22/1207912701/churchgoers-dedicate-prayers-to-palestinian-christians-who-died-in-airstrike\">and killed at least 18 people\u003c/a>. The Church of the Holy Sepulchre in the Old City of Jerusalem plays an important role in Christian faith. It is said to be where Jesus was crucified and laid to rest, then rose again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though normally she celebrates Christmas every year, Saba said this marks the second year in a row she won’t be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saba says it’s mentally and emotionally exhausting to grapple with the idea that U.S. tax dollars, that she contributes to, are “killing her own people,” as she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re devastated. Our people are being annihilated,” she said. “It’s hard for us to celebrate while knowing that our family, our community, our people are being completely slaughtered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trees are on display until January 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At some high schools in California, civics is everywhere. It’s part of science and history classes. It’s after school at student council and newspaper meetings. It even happens outside of school, on field trips to the Capitol and volunteer projects in the community. And after four years, it’s recognized with a gold seal on students’ diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most California high school students don’t have those opportunities. Lower-income students and those in politically mixed — or “purple” — areas where parent pushback is more common often miss out on a comprehensive education on how government works and why it matters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/\">Voter turnout\u003c/a> among adults nationwide might reflect that disparity in civic engagement, although there are many factors that influence people’s decision to vote and be civically engaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high, as \u003ca href=\"https://sps.columbia.edu/news/real-impact-fake-news-rise-political-misinformation-and-how-we-can-combat-its-influence\">misinformation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/cc/rd/index.asp\">mistrust in government\u003c/a> are on the rise, and the country reflects on a particularly divisive election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we need civics the most, it’s become harder to deliver for everyone,” said Joseph Kahne, an education professor at UC Riverside who’s extensively studied civics education in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All high school students in California are required to take a one-semester government course to graduate. But there’s wide variation in how schools teach that class. For example, some of those classes include hands-on projects that show how the Constitution is relevant today, while others adhere to dry textbook material that’s less engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many lower-income students don’t have access to extracurricular activities, the backbone of civics education outside the classroom. Schools that mostly serve lower-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">less likely to have those activities\u003c/a> because they typically require resources like a faculty advisor or money for materials. Nearly 60% of wealthier schools, for example, have a student news outlet, while only 39% of lower-income schools do, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">RAND found\u003c/a>. Eighty-five percent of wealthier schools have a student council, but only 73% of lower-income schools do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at wealthier schools, there’s a disparity in who participates. Lower-income students tend to have after-school jobs or family obligations, so they can’t take advantage of the same opportunities as their wealthier classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Civics education needs to be woven into the existing school day, in all subjects, so it’s accessible to all students,” said Michelle Herczog, program director of Californians for Civic Learning, which promotes civic education for all grades. “That’s the only way to make it equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inequities are reflected in adults’ rates of civic engagement nationwide. Americans from both parties who are financially secure are \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/civic-engagement-higher-among-americans-who-are-financially-secure#:~:text=In%20a%20nationally%20representative%20survey,those%20who%20are%20financially%20insecure.\">more likely to vote, volunteer\u003c/a>, trust election results and support democracy, according to the Urban Institute. Latinos are especially affected. According to the Latino Policy and Politics Institute at UCLA, Latinos have the lowest voter registration rate of any ethnic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that some groups of people are less likely to be civically engaged. It isn’t fair to have your voice not heard,” Kahne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Empathy and activism in San Lorenzo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some schools that serve low-income students have embraced civics education even without a surplus of funding. Students in Judy Smith’s civics classes at San Lorenzo High in the East Bay spend their days delving into issues they care about: homelessness, air pollution, police brutality, drug abuse and other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few weeks learning the nuts-and-bolts of government and democracy, students pick their research topics and set about their plans for addressing the issues. They grill politicians, survey their classmates, write letters to government officials and present their findings to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, students were busy debating the subtleties of various policies, and poring over survey results. In a week they were scheduled to make their presentations in the school library, and Smith encouraged them to wear professional attire for the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armando Espinoza, a senior, said the class has been life-changing. His group was looking into gun violence and its impact on young people, exploring existing laws and legal failures to restrict firearms, especially ghost guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning of the year, it was like, oh, this is just for a grade,” he said. “But as I started learning more, I got engaged in how this problem affects our community. No teenager should have to live through a shooting. For me, it’s been empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019090\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on their storyboard about gun violence, during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His classmate Moniba Hussain said she chose the topic because gun violence is what drove her family from Oakland to the quiet, working-class community of San Lorenzo. Talking to politicians and debating laws with her classmates brought the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn that it could be us someday, affected by a shooting,” Hussain said. “This class has pushed us to be more passionate about issues in our community. We learn how issues affect people. We learn empathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was so inspired by the class, in fact, she’s decided to become a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another group of students was researching domestic violence against immigrant women, an issue that resonates in a community where more than a third of families are immigrants. Surveying more than 120 classmates, the students learned that 59% had either been a victim of domestic violence or knew someone who was, yet very few knew that there was help available for women who need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That told them that outreach needed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need to know there’s support for them, that they won’t be deported,” said senior Shary Cetino. “But what we learned is that there really needs to be more outreach and awareness. That’s what we’re hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushback from parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For students in politically mixed areas of California, the obstacle isn’t money — it’s often parents. Purple areas tend to see more political conflicts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">which often play out at schools\u003c/a> in the form of parental protests over “woke” curriculum, trans students’ rights or so-called culture war issues. In a 2023 RAND survey, two-thirds of teachers nationwide said they limit discussions of politics and social issues in the classroom for fear of being attacked by parents and not supported by their administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among some parents, on the left and right, there’s a fear that civics education includes indoctrination,” said Keri Doggett, vice president of Teach Democracy, which promotes civic education. “Both Democrats and Republicans support civics education. So it’s important, now maybe more than ever, to provide a balanced point of view with multiple perspectives so students can reach their own conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Healy, senior policy director at the nonprofit iCivics, which provides civics curriculum, said that declining trust in institutions is at the crux of the debate. Why teach about elections, for example, if elections are rigged? But civics education “is not about teaching blind allegiance to these institutions,” he said, “It’s about improving these institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019096\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Lorenzo High School teacher Judy Smith teaches her 3rd period government class in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024, as they develop civic action infographics on topics ranging from gun violence to vaping. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes this work difficult,” Healy added. “There’s a sense that there’s a political agenda, that schools are trying to lead students in one direction or another. The reaction has been to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing controversial issues in class is a core part of civics education, Healy said. It’s how students learn to articulate their viewpoints about important issues, listen to those they don’t agree with and even occasionally change their minds. Avoiding classroom debates is “educational malpractice,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Giving students a voice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina in the San Gabriel Valley, social studies teacher Sheila Edwards has been able to minimize pushback from parents by inviting them into the classroom, sharing lesson plans and generally being transparent about what happens in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards leads her classes in monthly “civil dialogues,” where students study multiple sides of an issue, such as Supreme Court rulings or the practice of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in school, and then debate their viewpoints. The general rules, created by students, are that speakers should be polite, attack ideas and not people, and not monopolize the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students create their own guidelines and lead the conversations, I’ve found that they really buy into it,” Edwards said. “When you give them a voice, they will use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019102\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019102\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters on the wall in the classroom of government and economics teacher, Judy Smith, at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. Smith challenges her students to do innovative civic engagement projects like interviewing local politicians about social issues and creating civic action infographics. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an adviser for the National Constitution Center, a national civics education organization, Edwards has trained hundreds of teachers to lead class discussions of contentious issues. She advises teachers to stick to the facts, whether it’s curriculum standards or primary sources like party platforms or the Declaration of Independence, rather than focus on individuals. If a student says they like a politician, for example, she asks them to talk about specific issues instead of their support for the person generally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s always dicey discussing issues like gun control or LGBTQ rights in classrooms, she said, especially in conservative areas. She often hears from teachers who feel beleaguered because of pushback from parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard time to be a teacher, social studies teachers in particular,” said Edwards, who’s been a teacher for three decades. “We are on the hot seat. But I like to think of it as an opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Struggles in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, 24 states have strengthened their civics education programs in the past few years, and the federal government has quadrupled its grant money for civics education in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture in California is less rosy.[aside tag='education' label='More Education Coverage']Five years ago, California adopted a “seal of civic engagement” for high school students as an incentive for schools to beef up their civics programs. Modeled on the state’s popular seal of biliteracy, the civics seal allows students to receive a badge on their diplomas indicating that they understand how government and citizenship works, and have researched and taken action on a problem that affects their community. The seal is meant to make the student more competitive on college and job applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, just 2% — or 11,000 — of graduating seniors \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/hssstateseal.asp\">received a seal\u003c/a>. Only 86 districts, out of 1,000, participated. The state paperwork is fairly simple, Herczog said, but money and potential backlash from parents is often a deterrent. Although there are plenty of free and low-cost options available, some hands-on civics projects cost money, whether it’s for teacher training or for hiring a bus to take students to the capitol, and districts are reluctant to commit to new expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wouldn’t love getting a seal on their diploma? Students love it, but sometimes it comes down to district leadership,” Herczog said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paloma Esqueda and her classmates work on developing a storyboard to plan their civic action infographic during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, a number of bills to strengthen civic engagement have failed in recent years. One would have \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1520?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">created a new position\u003c/a> at the California Department of Education to help school districts build their seal of civic engagement programs. Another would have required schools to offer \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1094?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">hands-on civics projects\u003c/a> to complement their textbook lessons, beginning in elementary school. Both bills died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California absolutely has a ways to go,” Healy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change might be tough to come by. While some states teach civics as a year-long course, that’s not likely to happen in California because students’ schedules are so packed with other requirements. Anything that requires money, even if it’s minimal, is likely to face opposition in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">current budget climate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates need to persist, Herczog said, because there’s a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of our democracy is threatened if civic education is not made a priority,” she said. “But it takes wisdom and bold leadership to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, the San Lorenzo High civics teacher, started including hands-on projects in her civics class 15 years ago, but expanded it to include \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/11/fake-news-california-school/\">media literacy\u003c/a> recently when she noticed the rise of misinformation on social media and in public discourse. She wanted her students to understand how to research issues they care about, and know how to lobby for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get lots of help, but it’s extra work and I do have high standards for the students. I want them to push themselves,” Smith said. “There are so many skills they need to be effective participants in our democracy. My hope is that this class plants the seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At some high schools in California, civics is everywhere. It’s part of science and history classes. It’s after school at student council and newspaper meetings. It even happens outside of school, on field trips to the Capitol and volunteer projects in the community. And after four years, it’s recognized with a gold seal on students’ diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most California high school students don’t have those opportunities. Lower-income students and those in politically mixed — or “purple” — areas where parent pushback is more common often miss out on a comprehensive education on how government works and why it matters. \u003ca href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2023/07/12/voter-turnout-2018-2022/\">Voter turnout\u003c/a> among adults nationwide might reflect that disparity in civic engagement, although there are many factors that influence people’s decision to vote and be civically engaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes are high, as \u003ca href=\"https://sps.columbia.edu/news/real-impact-fake-news-rise-political-misinformation-and-how-we-can-combat-its-influence\">misinformation\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/be/cc/rd/index.asp\">mistrust in government\u003c/a> are on the rise, and the country reflects on a particularly divisive election season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At a time when we need civics the most, it’s become harder to deliver for everyone,” said Joseph Kahne, an education professor at UC Riverside who’s extensively studied civics education in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All high school students in California are required to take a one-semester government course to graduate. But there’s wide variation in how schools teach that class. For example, some of those classes include hands-on projects that show how the Constitution is relevant today, while others adhere to dry textbook material that’s less engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many lower-income students don’t have access to extracurricular activities, the backbone of civics education outside the classroom. Schools that mostly serve lower-income students are \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">less likely to have those activities\u003c/a> because they typically require resources like a faculty advisor or money for materials. Nearly 60% of wealthier schools, for example, have a student news outlet, while only 39% of lower-income schools do, \u003ca href=\"https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/03/many-high-schools-across-the-united-states-offer-limited.html\">RAND found\u003c/a>. Eighty-five percent of wealthier schools have a student council, but only 73% of lower-income schools do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even at wealthier schools, there’s a disparity in who participates. Lower-income students tend to have after-school jobs or family obligations, so they can’t take advantage of the same opportunities as their wealthier classmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Civics education needs to be woven into the existing school day, in all subjects, so it’s accessible to all students,” said Michelle Herczog, program director of Californians for Civic Learning, which promotes civic education for all grades. “That’s the only way to make it equitable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The inequities are reflected in adults’ rates of civic engagement nationwide. Americans from both parties who are financially secure are \u003ca href=\"https://www.urban.org/urban-wire/civic-engagement-higher-among-americans-who-are-financially-secure#:~:text=In%20a%20nationally%20representative%20survey,those%20who%20are%20financially%20insecure.\">more likely to vote, volunteer\u003c/a>, trust election results and support democracy, according to the Urban Institute. Latinos are especially affected. According to the Latino Policy and Politics Institute at UCLA, Latinos have the lowest voter registration rate of any ethnic group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that some groups of people are less likely to be civically engaged. It isn’t fair to have your voice not heard,” Kahne said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Empathy and activism in San Lorenzo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some schools that serve low-income students have embraced civics education even without a surplus of funding. Students in Judy Smith’s civics classes at San Lorenzo High in the East Bay spend their days delving into issues they care about: homelessness, air pollution, police brutality, drug abuse and other topics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After spending a few weeks learning the nuts-and-bolts of government and democracy, students pick their research topics and set about their plans for addressing the issues. They grill politicians, survey their classmates, write letters to government officials and present their findings to the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning, students were busy debating the subtleties of various policies, and poring over survey results. In a week they were scheduled to make their presentations in the school library, and Smith encouraged them to wear professional attire for the occasion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armando Espinoza, a senior, said the class has been life-changing. His group was looking into gun violence and its impact on young people, exploring existing laws and legal failures to restrict firearms, especially ghost guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the beginning of the year, it was like, oh, this is just for a grade,” he said. “But as I started learning more, I got engaged in how this problem affects our community. No teenager should have to live through a shooting. For me, it’s been empowering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019090\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019090\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_2-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A student works on their storyboard about gun violence, during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His classmate Moniba Hussain said she chose the topic because gun violence is what drove her family from Oakland to the quiet, working-class community of San Lorenzo. Talking to politicians and debating laws with her classmates brought the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We learn that it could be us someday, affected by a shooting,” Hussain said. “This class has pushed us to be more passionate about issues in our community. We learn how issues affect people. We learn empathy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was so inspired by the class, in fact, she’s decided to become a lawyer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, another group of students was researching domestic violence against immigrant women, an issue that resonates in a community where more than a third of families are immigrants. Surveying more than 120 classmates, the students learned that 59% had either been a victim of domestic violence or knew someone who was, yet very few knew that there was help available for women who need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That told them that outreach needed improvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women need to know there’s support for them, that they won’t be deported,” said senior Shary Cetino. “But what we learned is that there really needs to be more outreach and awareness. That’s what we’re hoping for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushback from parents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For students in politically mixed areas of California, the obstacle isn’t money — it’s often parents. Purple areas tend to see more political conflicts, \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2024/07/trans-youth-california/\">which often play out at schools\u003c/a> in the form of parental protests over “woke” curriculum, trans students’ rights or so-called culture war issues. In a 2023 RAND survey, two-thirds of teachers nationwide said they limit discussions of politics and social issues in the classroom for fear of being attacked by parents and not supported by their administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Among some parents, on the left and right, there’s a fear that civics education includes indoctrination,” said Keri Doggett, vice president of Teach Democracy, which promotes civic education. “Both Democrats and Republicans support civics education. So it’s important, now maybe more than ever, to provide a balanced point of view with multiple perspectives so students can reach their own conclusions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shawn Healy, senior policy director at the nonprofit iCivics, which provides civics curriculum, said that declining trust in institutions is at the crux of the debate. Why teach about elections, for example, if elections are rigged? But civics education “is not about teaching blind allegiance to these institutions,” he said, “It’s about improving these institutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019096\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_3-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Lorenzo High School teacher Judy Smith teaches her 3rd period government class in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024, as they develop civic action infographics on topics ranging from gun violence to vaping. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That’s what makes this work difficult,” Healy added. “There’s a sense that there’s a political agenda, that schools are trying to lead students in one direction or another. The reaction has been to pull back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing controversial issues in class is a core part of civics education, Healy said. It’s how students learn to articulate their viewpoints about important issues, listen to those they don’t agree with and even occasionally change their minds. Avoiding classroom debates is “educational malpractice,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Giving students a voice\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At Sierra Vista Middle School in Covina in the San Gabriel Valley, social studies teacher Sheila Edwards has been able to minimize pushback from parents by inviting them into the classroom, sharing lesson plans and generally being transparent about what happens in the classroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards leads her classes in monthly “civil dialogues,” where students study multiple sides of an issue, such as Supreme Court rulings or the practice of reciting the Pledge of Allegiance in school, and then debate their viewpoints. The general rules, created by students, are that speakers should be polite, attack ideas and not people, and not monopolize the discussion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When students create their own guidelines and lead the conversations, I’ve found that they really buy into it,” Edwards said. “When you give them a voice, they will use it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019102\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019102\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_4-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Posters on the wall in the classroom of government and economics teacher, Judy Smith, at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. Smith challenges her students to do innovative civic engagement projects like interviewing local politicians about social issues and creating civic action infographics. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an adviser for the National Constitution Center, a national civics education organization, Edwards has trained hundreds of teachers to lead class discussions of contentious issues. She advises teachers to stick to the facts, whether it’s curriculum standards or primary sources like party platforms or the Declaration of Independence, rather than focus on individuals. If a student says they like a politician, for example, she asks them to talk about specific issues instead of their support for the person generally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it’s always dicey discussing issues like gun control or LGBTQ rights in classrooms, she said, especially in conservative areas. She often hears from teachers who feel beleaguered because of pushback from parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hard time to be a teacher, social studies teachers in particular,” said Edwards, who’s been a teacher for three decades. “We are on the hot seat. But I like to think of it as an opportunity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Struggles in California\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, 24 states have strengthened their civics education programs in the past few years, and the federal government has quadrupled its grant money for civics education in the last decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The picture in California is less rosy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Five years ago, California adopted a “seal of civic engagement” for high school students as an incentive for schools to beef up their civics programs. Modeled on the state’s popular seal of biliteracy, the civics seal allows students to receive a badge on their diplomas indicating that they understand how government and citizenship works, and have researched and taken action on a problem that affects their community. The seal is meant to make the student more competitive on college and job applications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But last year, just 2% — or 11,000 — of graduating seniors \u003ca href=\"https://www.cde.ca.gov/ci/pl/hssstateseal.asp\">received a seal\u003c/a>. Only 86 districts, out of 1,000, participated. The state paperwork is fairly simple, Herczog said, but money and potential backlash from parents is often a deterrent. Although there are plenty of free and low-cost options available, some hands-on civics projects cost money, whether it’s for teacher training or for hiring a bus to take students to the capitol, and districts are reluctant to commit to new expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Who wouldn’t love getting a seal on their diploma? Students love it, but sometimes it comes down to district leadership,” Herczog said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019107\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/120324_CivicsClass_FM_CM_5-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paloma Esqueda and her classmates work on developing a storyboard to plan their civic action infographic during government and economics teacher Judy Smith’s 3rd period government class at San Lorenzo High School in San Lorenzo on Dec. 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Florence Middleton for CalMatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition, a number of bills to strengthen civic engagement have failed in recent years. One would have \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240ab1520?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">created a new position\u003c/a> at the California Department of Education to help school districts build their seal of civic engagement programs. Another would have required schools to offer \u003ca href=\"https://digitaldemocracy.calmatters.org/bills/ca_202320240sb1094?_gl=1*es1vus*_gcl_au*Nzk3MzE2MDMuMTczMTAyMjU2Mg..*_ga*Mjk2NjI4MjAxLjE3MzEwMjI1NjI.*_ga_5TKXNLE5NK*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDExMzQuMzIuMC4w*_ga_DX0K9PCWYH*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.*_ga_GNY4L81DZE*MTczNDYzOTk0OC4yNC4xLjE3MzQ2NDA1MTQuMC4wLjA.\">hands-on civics projects\u003c/a> to complement their textbook lessons, beginning in elementary school. Both bills died in the Assembly Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California absolutely has a ways to go,” Healy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Change might be tough to come by. While some states teach civics as a year-long course, that’s not likely to happen in California because students’ schedules are so packed with other requirements. Anything that requires money, even if it’s minimal, is likely to face opposition in the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/capitol/2024/11/california-budget-deficit-legislative-analyst/\">current budget climate\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But advocates need to persist, Herczog said, because there’s a lot at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The future of our democracy is threatened if civic education is not made a priority,” she said. “But it takes wisdom and bold leadership to make it happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith, the San Lorenzo High civics teacher, started including hands-on projects in her civics class 15 years ago, but expanded it to include \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/education/k-12-education/2023/11/fake-news-california-school/\">media literacy\u003c/a> recently when she noticed the rise of misinformation on social media and in public discourse. She wanted her students to understand how to research issues they care about, and know how to lobby for change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I get lots of help, but it’s extra work and I do have high standards for the students. I want them to push themselves,” Smith said. “There are so many skills they need to be effective participants in our democracy. My hope is that this class plants the seeds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Manslaughter Case Dropped Against Last Alameda Officer Charged in Mario Gonzalez Death",
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"headTitle": "Manslaughter Case Dropped Against Last Alameda Officer Charged in Mario Gonzalez Death | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3:58 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda County District Attorney’s Office on Friday dropped \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983439/alameda-county-da-files-manslaughter-charges-against-police-officers-in-mario-gonzalezs-death\">charges\u003c/a> against the final officer who was still facing prosecution in the 2021 death of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-gonzalez\">Mario Gonzalez\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors decided to dismiss the involuntary manslaughter charge after a forensic pathology expert, Dr. Bennet Omalu, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016811/officers-defense-mario-gonzalez-case-claims-das-office-withholding-key-evidence\">made inconsistent statements\u003c/a> about the case under penalty of perjury, they said. Officer Eric McKinley’s defense \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016811/officers-defense-mario-gonzalez-case-claims-das-office-withholding-key-evidence\">argued this month\u003c/a> that Omalu had recently met with the district attorney’s office and called the prosecution “political.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omalu, whose independent second autopsy showed that Gonzalez died as a result of “restraint asphyxiation,” not the “toxic effects of methamphetamine,” as the coroner’s initial autopsy suggested, was a key witness for the defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although Dr. Omalu did not change his ultimate opinion on the cause of death, multiple key inconsistencies by this now hostile yet necessary witness led the People to conclude they could not meet their burden of proving Officer McKinley committed involuntary manslaughter beyond a reasonable doubt,” the office said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez, 26, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11870691/we-need-justice-mourners-demand-alameda-police-provide-answers-in-death-of-mario-gonzalez\">died after police pinned him to the ground\u003c/a> in an Alameda park. The prosecution of those officers on involuntary manslaughter charges has been fraught with problems since the case against two of the three officers was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12008407/2-of-3-alameda-officers-charged-in-mario-gonzalez-death-have-their-case-dismissed\">thrown out in October\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970187\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A Latina woman and a Latino man touch heads as they mourn with masks on.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mother of Mario Gonzalez, Edith Arenales, puts her head together with her son Geraldo Gonzalez before speaking at a news conference outside the Alameda Police Department on April 27, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Former Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price — who was recalled from office last month — charged McKinley, James Fisher and Cameron Leahy with involuntary manslaughter for the death of Gonzalez in April. That reversed a decision by her predecessor, Nancy O’Malley, who cleared the officers of criminal liability after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases against Fisher and Leahy were dismissed after a judge ruled that the district attorney’s office failed to file arrest warrants that would have commenced felony prosecution within the three-year statute of limitations. The case against McKinley was allowed to move forward because he had been out of the country for months within that three-year period, effectively pausing the clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, McKinley’s defense accused the district attorney’s office of withholding statements Omalu made criticizing the prosecution. They said Omalu told the office that he “believes this case to be a ‘political’ prosecution,” according to a defense motion. Omalu also said the officers did not commit criminal misconduct and should not be prosecuted, the motion said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Omalu filed a motion to quash a district attorney’s office subpoena that compelled him to testify in the criminal case. The office said that because his declaration submitted under penalty of perjury in that motion contained inconsistencies with his sworn deposition in the civil case, he would have “more than likely” been impeached if he had been forced to testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12016811 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/021_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021_qed-1020x679.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Another possible forensic pathology expert who could testify on cause of death for the prosecution relied on Dr. Omalu for review, leaving no way to avoid calling Dr. Omalu to the witness stand,” the statement reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omalu did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez’s death caused outrage and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871576/deadly-alameda-police-encounter-carries-echoes-of-george-floyd-case\">drew comparisons\u003c/a> to the Minneapolis police killing of George Floyd in 2020. He was unarmed when officers responded to a 911 call of a man behaving strangely in an Alameda park. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871345/city-of-alameda-releases-police-body-cam-footage-of-mario-gonzalez-death\">Body camera footage\u003c/a> released by the city shows the officers pin down Gonzalez, who is mumbling and appears not to be fully lucid after he resists being handcuffed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one officer pressed an elbow and knee into Gonzalez’s back and shoulder, and after about five minutes, the officers rolled Gonzalez onto his side, saying he was becoming unresponsive. Officers administered CPR and at least two doses of Narcan before Gonzalez was taken to a hospital, where he was later declared dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video footage spurred Gonzalez’s family to accuse the officers of murder, calling it a clear case of police brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial autopsy by the Alameda County coroner classified Gonzalez’s death as a homicide but noted contributing factors to his cardiac arrest were the “toxic effects of methamphetamine,” stress related to altercation and restraint, obesity and alcoholism. Omalu’s autopsy, independently requested by Gonzalez’s family, showed that his death had been “a result of restraint asphyxiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After O’Malley declined to file charges, Price reopened the case shortly after she took office in 2023 as part of a new Police Accountability Unit, which reopened eight police shootings or in-custody death cases in early 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision from the district attorney’s office to drop charges against McKinley comes just weeks after Royl Roberts, who was Price’s second in command, took over as the interim head of the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Alameda County District Attorney’s Office dropped charges against Officer Eric McKinley, citing inconsistent statements made by a forensic pathologist who was key to the case.",
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"title": "Manslaughter Case Dropped Against Last Alameda Officer Charged in Mario Gonzalez Death | KQED",
"description": "The Alameda County District Attorney’s Office dropped charges against Officer Eric McKinley, citing inconsistent statements made by a forensic pathologist who was key to the case.",
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"headline": "Manslaughter Case Dropped Against Last Alameda Officer Charged in Mario Gonzalez Death",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 3:58 p.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Alameda County District Attorney’s Office on Friday dropped \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11983439/alameda-county-da-files-manslaughter-charges-against-police-officers-in-mario-gonzalezs-death\">charges\u003c/a> against the final officer who was still facing prosecution in the 2021 death of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-gonzalez\">Mario Gonzalez\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors decided to dismiss the involuntary manslaughter charge after a forensic pathology expert, Dr. Bennet Omalu, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016811/officers-defense-mario-gonzalez-case-claims-das-office-withholding-key-evidence\">made inconsistent statements\u003c/a> about the case under penalty of perjury, they said. Officer Eric McKinley’s defense \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016811/officers-defense-mario-gonzalez-case-claims-das-office-withholding-key-evidence\">argued this month\u003c/a> that Omalu had recently met with the district attorney’s office and called the prosecution “political.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omalu, whose independent second autopsy showed that Gonzalez died as a result of “restraint asphyxiation,” not the “toxic effects of methamphetamine,” as the coroner’s initial autopsy suggested, was a key witness for the defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Although Dr. Omalu did not change his ultimate opinion on the cause of death, multiple key inconsistencies by this now hostile yet necessary witness led the People to conclude they could not meet their burden of proving Officer McKinley committed involuntary manslaughter beyond a reasonable doubt,” the office said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez, 26, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11870691/we-need-justice-mourners-demand-alameda-police-provide-answers-in-death-of-mario-gonzalez\">died after police pinned him to the ground\u003c/a> in an Alameda park. The prosecution of those officers on involuntary manslaughter charges has been fraught with problems since the case against two of the three officers was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12008407/2-of-3-alameda-officers-charged-in-mario-gonzalez-death-have-their-case-dismissed\">thrown out in October\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11970187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11970187\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A Latina woman and a Latino man touch heads as they mourn with masks on.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/12/033_Alameda_MarioGonzalezPressConf_04272021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The mother of Mario Gonzalez, Edith Arenales, puts her head together with her son Geraldo Gonzalez before speaking at a news conference outside the Alameda Police Department on April 27, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Former Alameda County District Attorney Pamela Price — who was recalled from office last month — charged McKinley, James Fisher and Cameron Leahy with involuntary manslaughter for the death of Gonzalez in April. That reversed a decision by her predecessor, Nancy O’Malley, who cleared the officers of criminal liability after finding no evidence of wrongdoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cases against Fisher and Leahy were dismissed after a judge ruled that the district attorney’s office failed to file arrest warrants that would have commenced felony prosecution within the three-year statute of limitations. The case against McKinley was allowed to move forward because he had been out of the country for months within that three-year period, effectively pausing the clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, McKinley’s defense accused the district attorney’s office of withholding statements Omalu made criticizing the prosecution. They said Omalu told the office that he “believes this case to be a ‘political’ prosecution,” according to a defense motion. Omalu also said the officers did not commit criminal misconduct and should not be prosecuted, the motion said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, Omalu filed a motion to quash a district attorney’s office subpoena that compelled him to testify in the criminal case. The office said that because his declaration submitted under penalty of perjury in that motion contained inconsistencies with his sworn deposition in the civil case, he would have “more than likely” been impeached if he had been forced to testify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Another possible forensic pathology expert who could testify on cause of death for the prosecution relied on Dr. Omalu for review, leaving no way to avoid calling Dr. Omalu to the witness stand,” the statement reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omalu did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez’s death caused outrage and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871576/deadly-alameda-police-encounter-carries-echoes-of-george-floyd-case\">drew comparisons\u003c/a> to the Minneapolis police killing of George Floyd in 2020. He was unarmed when officers responded to a 911 call of a man behaving strangely in an Alameda park. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11871345/city-of-alameda-releases-police-body-cam-footage-of-mario-gonzalez-death\">Body camera footage\u003c/a> released by the city shows the officers pin down Gonzalez, who is mumbling and appears not to be fully lucid after he resists being handcuffed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one officer pressed an elbow and knee into Gonzalez’s back and shoulder, and after about five minutes, the officers rolled Gonzalez onto his side, saying he was becoming unresponsive. Officers administered CPR and at least two doses of Narcan before Gonzalez was taken to a hospital, where he was later declared dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video footage spurred Gonzalez’s family to accuse the officers of murder, calling it a clear case of police brutality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initial autopsy by the Alameda County coroner classified Gonzalez’s death as a homicide but noted contributing factors to his cardiac arrest were the “toxic effects of methamphetamine,” stress related to altercation and restraint, obesity and alcoholism. Omalu’s autopsy, independently requested by Gonzalez’s family, showed that his death had been “a result of restraint asphyxiation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After O’Malley declined to file charges, Price reopened the case shortly after she took office in 2023 as part of a new Police Accountability Unit, which reopened eight police shootings or in-custody death cases in early 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision from the district attorney’s office to drop charges against McKinley comes just weeks after Royl Roberts, who was Price’s second in command, took over as the interim head of the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "before-elf-on-a-shelf-there-were-homicidal-house-elves-professor-at-bar-explains",
"title": "Before Elf on a Shelf, There Were Homicidal House Elves, Professor at Brewery Explains",
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"headTitle": "Before Elf on a Shelf, There Were Homicidal House Elves, Professor at Brewery Explains | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every morning during the holidays, KQED’s Senior Operations Manager Tiff Mitchell wakes up her seven-year-old daughter Kahlea with a mission: find Cookie, their elf, on a shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cookie is a miniature doll with a perpetual smile dressed in a red costume with white trim. Every night, Mitchell hides Cookie in a new place. The story goes that Cookie watches Kahlea during the day and reports back to Santa at night whether she has been naughty or nice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019214\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019214\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiff Mitchell’s Elf on a Shelf ‘Cookie’ takes a relaxing bubble bath. \u003ccite>(Tiff Mitchell/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is only the second year Mitchell has done Elf on a Shelf, and while both mother and daughter enjoy the tradition, Mitchell admits she has no idea where it comes from. She has questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ Who thought of this, and how did it get here? Were there older elves?” Mitchell wondered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Elf on a Shelf is a relatively new tradition here in the United States (it gained popularity after the publication of a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elf_on_the_Shelf#cite_note-utk-1\">book\u003c/a> in 2005), the cute elf is a descendant of a much more mischievous and, at times, homicidal brand of elves stretching all the way back to folk tales from 15th century Scandinavia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, and the Scandinavian origins of other Christmas traditions, was the subject of a recent talk by Timothy Tangherlini, a professor of Scandinavian folklore at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">[ad fullwidth]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a college lecture hall, the talk was held at a downtown San Francisco brewery, called Bartlett Hall, as part of the Profs and Pints lecture series, which hosts college professors to talk about their field of study in bars, cafés, company offices, and other off-campus venues across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018925\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Tangherlini, professor of Nordic folklore at the University of California at Berkeley, gives a talk about the historical origins of American holiday practices during a Profs and Pints event at Barlett Hall in San Francisco on Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is not something I usually do,” Tangherlini admitted at the start of the talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While my students might be drinking heavily while I lecture, they’re probably doing it clandestinely,” Tangherlini joked. “But I understand the beer here is very good, and I think the more beer we have, the better this lecture will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tangherlini said the Christmas elves we know today are folklore descendants of household spirits known throughout Scandinavia since the 15th century. They’re called \u003cem>Nisse\u003c/em> in Denmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Nisse doesn’t really care about the humans,” Tangherlini said. “They really care about the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were about the size of children, had beards, were exclusively male, and were very strong — Tangherlini said they could do the work of 10 or 15 farm hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nisse weren’t really tied to Christmas except that they would expect to get their annual bowl of porridge either on Christmas Eve or New Years,” Tangherlini said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price for not keeping the Nisse happy could be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t feed him the porridge with butter, he gets pissed off in ways that you can’t even imagine,” Tangherlini explained. “They were more than mischievous. They would kill you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018921\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shalaka Phadnis listens to Tim Tangherlini, professor of Nordic folklore at the University of California at Berkeley, give a talk about the historical origins of American holiday practices during a Profs and Pints event at Barlett Hall in San Francisco on Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tangherlini said the Nisse folklore also served an important function for rural farmers in helping explain their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People try to understand why the farm over there seems to be doing so well, and you’ve got a ready-made story in the idea that ‘Oh, they must have a Nisse,’” Tangherlini said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stories and depictions of Nisse began to change in the 1800s. Tangherlini describes it as the Nisse becoming domesticated. They lost their beards, they got smaller, cuter, and they started being associated with Christmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the rise of both a reading public and a middle class that has disposable income to spend on things like Christmas presents and Christmas decorations, that creates a demand for various types of decorations, and the Nisse kind of gets caught up in that,” Tangherlini said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those decorations involved paper cutouts of Danish Nisse that had tabs on them so you could hang them on your bookshelf. Once American advertising got a hold of the Nisse, the change was irreversible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ The Coca-Cola ads of the mid-20th century are the best known, where Santa has all of these elves helping him out at the North Pole,” Tangherlini said. “Those images of elves are mapped directly from this emerging sort of commercialization and domestication of the Danish Nisse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018919\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crowd listens to Tim Tangherlini, professor of Nordic folklore at the University of California at Berkeley, give a talk about the historical origins of American holiday practices during a Profs and Pints event at Barlett Hall in San Francisco on Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among those attending the talk was Orion West. She said she wanted to learn more about the non-Christian roots of holiday traditions, as she originally thought Elf on a Shelf came from the movie “\u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0319343/\">Elf.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much more sinister than I realized,” West said. “I thought it was a tradition from a modern kids movie, and to know it comes from a Scandinavian tradition of elves who will murder you if you offend them and who have different morals from ours — so they’re easy to offend — that’s really interesting. Much scarier than I thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tangherlini said he enjoyed giving a lesson outside the classroom and that the boisterous holiday crowd that showed up on a dark, cold night — beers and food in hand — shows why people are so drawn to folk stories, especially during the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the things that help us create identity and create community,” Tangherlini said, “and they’re these practices that might seem inconsequential but actually have a huge importance in our everyday life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Before Elf on a Shelf, There Were Homicidal House Elves, Professor at Brewery Explains | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every morning during the holidays, KQED’s Senior Operations Manager Tiff Mitchell wakes up her seven-year-old daughter Kahlea with a mission: find Cookie, their elf, on a shelf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cookie is a miniature doll with a perpetual smile dressed in a red costume with white trim. Every night, Mitchell hides Cookie in a new place. The story goes that Cookie watches Kahlea during the day and reports back to Santa at night whether she has been naughty or nice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12019214\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12019214\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/IMG_2018_sized-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tiff Mitchell’s Elf on a Shelf ‘Cookie’ takes a relaxing bubble bath. \u003ccite>(Tiff Mitchell/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is only the second year Mitchell has done Elf on a Shelf, and while both mother and daughter enjoy the tradition, Mitchell admits she has no idea where it comes from. She has questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ Who thought of this, and how did it get here? Were there older elves?” Mitchell wondered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Elf on a Shelf is a relatively new tradition here in the United States (it gained popularity after the publication of a \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Elf_on_the_Shelf#cite_note-utk-1\">book\u003c/a> in 2005), the cute elf is a descendant of a much more mischievous and, at times, homicidal brand of elves stretching all the way back to folk tales from 15th century Scandinavia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That, and the Scandinavian origins of other Christmas traditions, was the subject of a recent talk by Timothy Tangherlini, a professor of Scandinavian folklore at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a college lecture hall, the talk was held at a downtown San Francisco brewery, called Bartlett Hall, as part of the Profs and Pints lecture series, which hosts college professors to talk about their field of study in bars, cafés, company offices, and other off-campus venues across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018925\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018925\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-15-BL-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Tangherlini, professor of Nordic folklore at the University of California at Berkeley, gives a talk about the historical origins of American holiday practices during a Profs and Pints event at Barlett Hall in San Francisco on Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This is not something I usually do,” Tangherlini admitted at the start of the talk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While my students might be drinking heavily while I lecture, they’re probably doing it clandestinely,” Tangherlini joked. “But I understand the beer here is very good, and I think the more beer we have, the better this lecture will be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tangherlini said the Christmas elves we know today are folklore descendants of household spirits known throughout Scandinavia since the 15th century. They’re called \u003cem>Nisse\u003c/em> in Denmark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Nisse doesn’t really care about the humans,” Tangherlini said. “They really care about the farm.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They were about the size of children, had beards, were exclusively male, and were very strong — Tangherlini said they could do the work of 10 or 15 farm hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nisse weren’t really tied to Christmas except that they would expect to get their annual bowl of porridge either on Christmas Eve or New Years,” Tangherlini said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price for not keeping the Nisse happy could be fatal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you don’t feed him the porridge with butter, he gets pissed off in ways that you can’t even imagine,” Tangherlini explained. “They were more than mischievous. They would kill you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018921\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018921\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-11-BL-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shalaka Phadnis listens to Tim Tangherlini, professor of Nordic folklore at the University of California at Berkeley, give a talk about the historical origins of American holiday practices during a Profs and Pints event at Barlett Hall in San Francisco on Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tangherlini said the Nisse folklore also served an important function for rural farmers in helping explain their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People try to understand why the farm over there seems to be doing so well, and you’ve got a ready-made story in the idea that ‘Oh, they must have a Nisse,’” Tangherlini said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stories and depictions of Nisse began to change in the 1800s. Tangherlini describes it as the Nisse becoming domesticated. They lost their beards, they got smaller, cuter, and they started being associated with Christmas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the rise of both a reading public and a middle class that has disposable income to spend on things like Christmas presents and Christmas decorations, that creates a demand for various types of decorations, and the Nisse kind of gets caught up in that,” Tangherlini said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those decorations involved paper cutouts of Danish Nisse that had tabs on them so you could hang them on your bookshelf. Once American advertising got a hold of the Nisse, the change was irreversible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ The Coca-Cola ads of the mid-20th century are the best known, where Santa has all of these elves helping him out at the North Pole,” Tangherlini said. “Those images of elves are mapped directly from this emerging sort of commercialization and domestication of the Danish Nisse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018919\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018919\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/241217-ProfsandPints-14-BL-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crowd listens to Tim Tangherlini, professor of Nordic folklore at the University of California at Berkeley, give a talk about the historical origins of American holiday practices during a Profs and Pints event at Barlett Hall in San Francisco on Dec. 18, 2024. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Among those attending the talk was Orion West. She said she wanted to learn more about the non-Christian roots of holiday traditions, as she originally thought Elf on a Shelf came from the movie “\u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0319343/\">Elf.\u003c/a>”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much more sinister than I realized,” West said. “I thought it was a tradition from a modern kids movie, and to know it comes from a Scandinavian tradition of elves who will murder you if you offend them and who have different morals from ours — so they’re easy to offend — that’s really interesting. Much scarier than I thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tangherlini said he enjoyed giving a lesson outside the classroom and that the boisterous holiday crowd that showed up on a dark, cold night — beers and food in hand — shows why people are so drawn to folk stories, especially during the holidays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are the things that help us create identity and create community,” Tangherlini said, “and they’re these practices that might seem inconsequential but actually have a huge importance in our everyday life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has declared a state of emergency in response to the ongoing spread of bird flu among dairy cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/12/18/governor-newsom-takes-proactive-action-to-strengthen-robust-state-response-to-bird-flu/\">declaration is a sign of growing concern\u003c/a> over the situation in California, which has become the epicenter of the nation’s outbreak in cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300 dairy herds \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/hpai-confirmed-cases-livestock\">have tested positive\u003c/a> in the state in the last 30 days alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said that cases detected in dairy cows on farms in Southern California showed that expanded monitoring and a more coordinated statewide response is needed in response to the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proclamation is a targeted action to ensure government agencies have the resources and flexibility they need,” Newsom said in the statement. “While the risk to the public remains low, we will continue to take all necessary steps to prevent the spread of this virus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently accounts for about \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html\">half of known human infections\u003c/a> in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence of ongoing human-to-human spread in California or the rest of the country. However, scientists warn that uncontrolled spread in dairy cattle heightens the risk of spillover into humans, which could give the virus a chance to acquire dangerous mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move also comes on the heels of another troubling development — the country’s first case of severe illness detected in a human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shared additional findings about that infection in a resident of Louisiana who was hospitalized after being exposed to sick and dead birds in backyard flocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetic sequencing indicates the H5N1 virus responsible for the illness belongs to a genetic lineage that’s circulating in wild birds and poultry — different from what’s spreading in dairy cattle and driving the majority of infections in agricultural workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html\">60 people have been infected\u003c/a> so far, although some research \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7344a3.htm\">suggests\u003c/a> the official tally may be an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The illnesses linked to dairy cattle have largely led to mild illnesses in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The version of the virus in the Louisiana case is the D1.1 genotype. It has previously popped up in poultry workers in Washington state, who \u003ca href=\"https://doh.wa.gov/newsroom/first-presumed-human-infections-avian-influenza-under-investigation-washington-state\">developed mild symptoms\u003c/a> after testing positive in October. More recently, however, a teenager in British Columbia was hospitalized after contracting this D1.1 strain of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canadian health officials were unable to figure out how that person was infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='bird-flu' label='Bird Flu Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case in southwest Louisiana was detected during routine flu surveillance and eventually sent to the CDC for confirmation. The case doesn’t change the CDC’s assessment that the risk to the general public remains low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the hospitalization is a reminder that bird flu has a well-established history of leading to severe illness and death over the past 20 years in other countries, Dr. Demetre Daskalakis with the CDC, told reporters on Wednesday during a press call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daskalakis said his agency is doing additional sequencing to look for any worrying changes in the virus that could signal it’s evolving to better infect humans or cause more severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists were concerned that the case in British Columbia exhibited certain mutations that could spell trouble, although more research was needed to understand the exact implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daskalakis referred reporters to Louisiana officials conducting the investigation into the case for further details on how the person caught the virus and their symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with the Louisiana infection, most cases have been linked back to some kind of exposure to sick animals. Dairy cattle harbor high loads of virus in their milk and that’s suspected to be causing infections in farm workers. Those working with infected poultry can also catch the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, several cases have cropped up in the U.S. that can’t be tracked back to infected farm animals, including in California and Missouri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Infections without a clear source of exposure do occur; neither these cases nor the cases with known animal or animal products exposure have resulted in human-to-human transmission,” Daskalakis said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has declared a state of emergency in response to the ongoing spread of bird flu among dairy cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/12/18/governor-newsom-takes-proactive-action-to-strengthen-robust-state-response-to-bird-flu/\">declaration is a sign of growing concern\u003c/a> over the situation in California, which has become the epicenter of the nation’s outbreak in cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300 dairy herds \u003ca href=\"https://www.aphis.usda.gov/livestock-poultry-disease/avian/avian-influenza/hpai-detections/hpai-confirmed-cases-livestock\">have tested positive\u003c/a> in the state in the last 30 days alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom said that cases detected in dairy cows on farms in Southern California showed that expanded monitoring and a more coordinated statewide response is needed in response to the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proclamation is a targeted action to ensure government agencies have the resources and flexibility they need,” Newsom said in the statement. “While the risk to the public remains low, we will continue to take all necessary steps to prevent the spread of this virus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California currently accounts for about \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html\">half of known human infections\u003c/a> in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s no evidence of ongoing human-to-human spread in California or the rest of the country. However, scientists warn that uncontrolled spread in dairy cattle heightens the risk of spillover into humans, which could give the virus a chance to acquire dangerous mutations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move also comes on the heels of another troubling development — the country’s first case of severe illness detected in a human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, officials with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention shared additional findings about that infection in a resident of Louisiana who was hospitalized after being exposed to sick and dead birds in backyard flocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Genetic sequencing indicates the H5N1 virus responsible for the illness belongs to a genetic lineage that’s circulating in wild birds and poultry — different from what’s spreading in dairy cattle and driving the majority of infections in agricultural workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the U.S., more than \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/situation-summary/index.html\">60 people have been infected\u003c/a> so far, although some research \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/73/wr/mm7344a3.htm\">suggests\u003c/a> the official tally may be an undercount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The illnesses linked to dairy cattle have largely led to mild illnesses in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The version of the virus in the Louisiana case is the D1.1 genotype. It has previously popped up in poultry workers in Washington state, who \u003ca href=\"https://doh.wa.gov/newsroom/first-presumed-human-infections-avian-influenza-under-investigation-washington-state\">developed mild symptoms\u003c/a> after testing positive in October. More recently, however, a teenager in British Columbia was hospitalized after contracting this D1.1 strain of the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Canadian health officials were unable to figure out how that person was infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case in southwest Louisiana was detected during routine flu surveillance and eventually sent to the CDC for confirmation. The case doesn’t change the CDC’s assessment that the risk to the general public remains low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the hospitalization is a reminder that bird flu has a well-established history of leading to severe illness and death over the past 20 years in other countries, Dr. Demetre Daskalakis with the CDC, told reporters on Wednesday during a press call.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daskalakis said his agency is doing additional sequencing to look for any worrying changes in the virus that could signal it’s evolving to better infect humans or cause more severe disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists were concerned that the case in British Columbia exhibited certain mutations that could spell trouble, although more research was needed to understand the exact implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Daskalakis referred reporters to Louisiana officials conducting the investigation into the case for further details on how the person caught the virus and their symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with the Louisiana infection, most cases have been linked back to some kind of exposure to sick animals. Dairy cattle harbor high loads of virus in their milk and that’s suspected to be causing infections in farm workers. Those working with infected poultry can also catch the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, several cases have cropped up in the U.S. that can’t be tracked back to infected farm animals, including in California and Missouri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Infections without a clear source of exposure do occur; neither these cases nor the cases with known animal or animal products exposure have resulted in human-to-human transmission,” Daskalakis said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After an on-duty police officer fatally hit a pedestrian last weekend, one pedestrian advocacy group said it is waiting for the San Francisco Police Department and other city leaders to respond to the 10-year high in pedestrian fatalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 6:20 a.m. Sunday, San Francisco resident Walter Castillo, 65, was hit by an on-duty officer while walking in the Bernal Heights neighborhood near Bayshore Boulevard and Industrial Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After receiving medical treatment for life-threatening injuries at the scene, Castillo was transferred to a local hospital, where he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD launched an investigation into the incident, but Jodie Medeiros, the executive director of Walk SF, said that it can be very difficult to get justice for victims of traffic violence since the driver is often not charged with a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law protects the driver,” Medeiros said. “Lawyers and the law says [it’s] a quote-unquote accident, it was not intentional. If there’s no intentionality, then it is not a crime. This upsets Walk SF. It upsets members of Families for Safe Streets [and] the families left behind after somebody kills their son, their daughter, their mother, their father.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12018845 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/SFPD-video_0003-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD is not releasing the name of the officer involved and said the officer is not being placed on administrative leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Medeiros hopes that city leaders, many of whom have been quiet thus far, will respond seriously to the incident. Castillo’s death was the 23rd pedestrian fatality in San Francisco this year — the highest number since at least 2014, according to city data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be great to hear from not only the SFPD but the other decision makers in San Francisco about how they’re going to respond to a year where more pedestrians were killed, more people were killed in traffic crashes in San Francisco than gun violence,” she told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to hear that something is happening, that things are going to change because it is completely unfair for the people of San Francisco,” Medeiros continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/dcronin\">\u003cem>Dana Cronin\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After an on-duty police officer fatally hit a pedestrian last weekend, one pedestrian advocacy group said it is waiting for the San Francisco Police Department and other city leaders to respond to the 10-year high in pedestrian fatalities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around 6:20 a.m. Sunday, San Francisco resident Walter Castillo, 65, was hit by an on-duty officer while walking in the Bernal Heights neighborhood near Bayshore Boulevard and Industrial Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After receiving medical treatment for life-threatening injuries at the scene, Castillo was transferred to a local hospital, where he died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD launched an investigation into the incident, but Jodie Medeiros, the executive director of Walk SF, said that it can be very difficult to get justice for victims of traffic violence since the driver is often not charged with a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law protects the driver,” Medeiros said. “Lawyers and the law says [it’s] a quote-unquote accident, it was not intentional. If there’s no intentionality, then it is not a crime. This upsets Walk SF. It upsets members of Families for Safe Streets [and] the families left behind after somebody kills their son, their daughter, their mother, their father.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD is not releasing the name of the officer involved and said the officer is not being placed on administrative leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Medeiros hopes that city leaders, many of whom have been quiet thus far, will respond seriously to the incident. Castillo’s death was the 23rd pedestrian fatality in San Francisco this year — the highest number since at least 2014, according to city data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It would be great to hear from not only the SFPD but the other decision makers in San Francisco about how they’re going to respond to a year where more pedestrians were killed, more people were killed in traffic crashes in San Francisco than gun violence,” she told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to hear that something is happening, that things are going to change because it is completely unfair for the people of San Francisco,” Medeiros continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/dcronin\">\u003cem>Dana Cronin\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Several \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco-police-department\">San Francisco police\u003c/a> officers are accused of using excessive force when arresting a woman near a protest at the Israeli Consulate in July,\u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicdefender.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Complaint.Amelia.Jones-Final_12.17.24.pdf\"> according to a complaint filed\u003c/a> by the public defender’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint filed Tuesday with the city’s Department of Police Accountability alleges that along with the unnecessary force, the officers violated policy by failing to de-escalate the situation and writing dishonest accounts of the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco police in riot gear repeatedly shoved a woman, violently tackled her to the ground, and ridiculed her while she was in handcuffs,” the public defender’s office wrote in a press release announcing the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amelia Jones, who said she was on her way to work when she came across the protest, was jailed for 36 hours and charged with four misdemeanors, including resisting arrest and battery on a peace officer. A public defender representing Jones challenged the charges, citing officers’ body-worn camera footage, and a judge dismissed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to hold police accountable for their misconduct, which has caused me a lot of anguish and pain,” Jones said in a statement. “Our police are trained to react with aggression and violence. That erodes trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 24, about a dozen San Francisco Police Department officers were positioned near the Israeli Consulate in response to a protest happening outside, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8b1O7j6Ql3etNsJsVSb1mct9IBsCUeSx\">Body-worn camera footage\u003c/a> shows officers pulling a person to the ground after suspecting that they had taken a bag of police equipment. Jones, walking with her bicycle toward the officers, shouts at them to stop and leave the person alone. The complaint estimates that Jones never got closer than 30 to 40 feet from that arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12017456 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/475371681_qed-1020x681.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Jasmine Williams then approaches Jones and appears to push her with a baton as another officer shouts, “Back up!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to get to my office building. It’s right there!” Jones said, pointing in the direction of the recent arrest where officers had formed a line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Go down Spring, go around,” an officer responds, pointing back in the direction she came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another person is seen standing nearby and then walking in the direction Jones meant to go without being stopped by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams continues to press her baton against Jones and, along with another officer, obstructs her path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zac Dillon, a senior law and policy analyst with the public defender’s office, said this is where the officers failed to de-escalate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The core elements of de-escalation are time and distance,” Dillon said. “And both of those were taken away in this situation by getting closer and hemming her in closer to the building, essentially corralling her up against the wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The footage shows Jones, appearing increasingly distressed, beginning to yell for help and waving her arm above her head. She tries to move left and right to get around the officers, but Williams stays directly in front of her with her arm pushing Jones. Williams repeatedly said, “Get out of my face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Jones brings her arm down, it seems to land on Williams’ helmet, and the footage shows Williams’ head briefly getting pulled with it. The officers then pull Jones to the ground, pin her and handcuff her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the public defender’s office’s complaint, officers described that moment in their reports as Jones violently yanking at Williams’ helmet, but the complaint said it was nothing more than incidental contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams also accused Jones of reaching for her neck, although that isn’t apparent in the footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several officers failed to document the repeated force Williams used against Jones before that moment, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were dressed for violence. They were dressed for confrontations. They were out there in their riot gear, and so I think they see threats where there aren’t necessarily threats … so they’re more inclined to escalate,” Dillon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that a complaint has been filed, the Department of Police Accountability will likely review the footage, conduct interviews and make a decision within about nine months to a year, according to Dillon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean deciding the police were either in the right or violated policy — in which case the department would recommend disciplinary action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they do find a policy violation, then it would be referred to either the chief for meting out discipline if it’s under a certain amount of 10 days suspension, which I imagine it would be in this case,” Dillon said. “In more serious cases, it’s referred directly to the Police Commission, who will then have a sort of mini-trial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the San Francisco Police Department said it is unable to talk about open investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Several \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/san-francisco-police-department\">San Francisco police\u003c/a> officers are accused of using excessive force when arresting a woman near a protest at the Israeli Consulate in July,\u003ca href=\"https://sfpublicdefender.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2024/12/Complaint.Amelia.Jones-Final_12.17.24.pdf\"> according to a complaint filed\u003c/a> by the public defender’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint filed Tuesday with the city’s Department of Police Accountability alleges that along with the unnecessary force, the officers violated policy by failing to de-escalate the situation and writing dishonest accounts of the arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco police in riot gear repeatedly shoved a woman, violently tackled her to the ground, and ridiculed her while she was in handcuffs,” the public defender’s office wrote in a press release announcing the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amelia Jones, who said she was on her way to work when she came across the protest, was jailed for 36 hours and charged with four misdemeanors, including resisting arrest and battery on a peace officer. A public defender representing Jones challenged the charges, citing officers’ body-worn camera footage, and a judge dismissed them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would like to hold police accountable for their misconduct, which has caused me a lot of anguish and pain,” Jones said in a statement. “Our police are trained to react with aggression and violence. That erodes trust.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 24, about a dozen San Francisco Police Department officers were positioned near the Israeli Consulate in response to a protest happening outside, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8b1O7j6Ql3etNsJsVSb1mct9IBsCUeSx\">Body-worn camera footage\u003c/a> shows officers pulling a person to the ground after suspecting that they had taken a bag of police equipment. Jones, walking with her bicycle toward the officers, shouts at them to stop and leave the person alone. The complaint estimates that Jones never got closer than 30 to 40 feet from that arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officer Jasmine Williams then approaches Jones and appears to push her with a baton as another officer shouts, “Back up!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m trying to get to my office building. It’s right there!” Jones said, pointing in the direction of the recent arrest where officers had formed a line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Go down Spring, go around,” an officer responds, pointing back in the direction she came from.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another person is seen standing nearby and then walking in the direction Jones meant to go without being stopped by police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams continues to press her baton against Jones and, along with another officer, obstructs her path.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zac Dillon, a senior law and policy analyst with the public defender’s office, said this is where the officers failed to de-escalate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The core elements of de-escalation are time and distance,” Dillon said. “And both of those were taken away in this situation by getting closer and hemming her in closer to the building, essentially corralling her up against the wall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The footage shows Jones, appearing increasingly distressed, beginning to yell for help and waving her arm above her head. She tries to move left and right to get around the officers, but Williams stays directly in front of her with her arm pushing Jones. Williams repeatedly said, “Get out of my face.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Jones brings her arm down, it seems to land on Williams’ helmet, and the footage shows Williams’ head briefly getting pulled with it. The officers then pull Jones to the ground, pin her and handcuff her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the public defender’s office’s complaint, officers described that moment in their reports as Jones violently yanking at Williams’ helmet, but the complaint said it was nothing more than incidental contact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Williams also accused Jones of reaching for her neck, although that isn’t apparent in the footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several officers failed to document the repeated force Williams used against Jones before that moment, according to the complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were dressed for violence. They were dressed for confrontations. They were out there in their riot gear, and so I think they see threats where there aren’t necessarily threats … so they’re more inclined to escalate,” Dillon said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that a complaint has been filed, the Department of Police Accountability will likely review the footage, conduct interviews and make a decision within about nine months to a year, according to Dillon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean deciding the police were either in the right or violated policy — in which case the department would recommend disciplinary action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they do find a policy violation, then it would be referred to either the chief for meting out discipline if it’s under a certain amount of 10 days suspension, which I imagine it would be in this case,” Dillon said. “In more serious cases, it’s referred directly to the Police Commission, who will then have a sort of mini-trial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the San Francisco Police Department said it is unable to talk about open investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "researchers-find-vole-munching-squirrels-in-east-bay-park",
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"content": "\u003cp>Its fluffy body stays low to the ground, silently stalking its prey. While the small rodent remains unaware, the predator goes in for the kill, pouncing quickly, pinning the animal to the ground before brutally decapitating it and starting to feast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s all light work for this unlikely predator: the California ground squirrel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could barely believe my eyes,” said Sonja Wild, a postdoctoral research fellow at UC Davis. “Once we started looking, we saw it everywhere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the first time, researchers at UC Davis and the University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire captured squirrels in Contra Costa County hunting and killing voles, small rodents related to hamsters that typically weigh less than two ounces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hvul3dkzDrk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild worked on the study with lead author Jennifer Smith, an associate professor of biology at UW-Eau Claire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was undergraduates on their team that first discovered the behavior, Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was very excited to hear about it and also a little bit taken aback about how these cute squirrels that we’ve been studying for over a decade were engaging in this carnivorous behavior,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers — affectionately dubbed “Team Squirrel” — have been observing the creatures in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/briones\">Briones Regional Park\u003c/a> for 12 years as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jenniferelainesmith.com/research.html\">Long-term Behavioral Ecology of California Ground Squirrels Project\u003c/a>, which Wild and Smith co-lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018934\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tia Ravara (left), a University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire student researcher, and Ryann Su of UC Davis, are approached by a squirrel at Briones Regional Park. \u003ccite>(Sonja Wild/UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This summer was the first time they observed widespread carnivorous behavior among the ground squirrel population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really helps to have the study subjects habituated to us,” Smith said. “There are humans in the park all of the time, but the squirrels respond differently to members of Team Squirrel. We walk differently. We are very, very cautious. We observe at a distance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their findings turn the common understanding of squirrel foraging behavior on its head. Previously, the consensus was that ground squirrels primarily ate seeds and other vegetation — only occasionally scavenging for lizards, birds, eggs and bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='animals' label='More Animal News']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve known for a long time that they are omnivores, and they can eat meat, and they can scavenge all of these things,” Smith said. “But the missing link was: do these squirrels actively target and pursue prey in their natural habitat?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A peak in the carnivorous behavior coincided with an explosion of the vole population in the park at the beginning of July, suggesting that it may have been in response to the prey being more available than usual, the authors wrote in the \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-024-00832-6#Sec11\">study published in the Journal of Ethology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides hunting and killing voles, researchers also observed the squirrels competing over their prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squirrels are also social mammals, so researchers are interested in further understanding how the hunting behavior became so widespread throughout the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said another potential area of future research is the impact of hunting voles on the survival of ground squirrels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers expect the vole population to crash next summer due to population cycles, so Smith said it will be interesting to see how the squirrels respond and pivot their eating habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re incredibly behaviorally flexible,” Smith said, “and my guess is they’ll just take advantage of whatever foods are around.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wild worked on the study with lead author Jennifer Smith, an associate professor of biology at UW-Eau Claire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was undergraduates on their team that first discovered the behavior, Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was very excited to hear about it and also a little bit taken aback about how these cute squirrels that we’ve been studying for over a decade were engaging in this carnivorous behavior,” Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers — affectionately dubbed “Team Squirrel” — have been observing the creatures in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebparks.org/parks/briones\">Briones Regional Park\u003c/a> for 12 years as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.jenniferelainesmith.com/research.html\">Long-term Behavioral Ecology of California Ground Squirrels Project\u003c/a>, which Wild and Smith co-lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018934\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018934\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/Tia-Ravara-UW-EauClaire-and-Ryann-Su-UC-Davis-watch-squirrel-c-Sonja-Wild-UC-Davis-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tia Ravara (left), a University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire student researcher, and Ryann Su of UC Davis, are approached by a squirrel at Briones Regional Park. \u003ccite>(Sonja Wild/UC Davis)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This summer was the first time they observed widespread carnivorous behavior among the ground squirrel population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It really helps to have the study subjects habituated to us,” Smith said. “There are humans in the park all of the time, but the squirrels respond differently to members of Team Squirrel. We walk differently. We are very, very cautious. We observe at a distance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their findings turn the common understanding of squirrel foraging behavior on its head. Previously, the consensus was that ground squirrels primarily ate seeds and other vegetation — only occasionally scavenging for lizards, birds, eggs and bugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve known for a long time that they are omnivores, and they can eat meat, and they can scavenge all of these things,” Smith said. “But the missing link was: do these squirrels actively target and pursue prey in their natural habitat?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A peak in the carnivorous behavior coincided with an explosion of the vole population in the park at the beginning of July, suggesting that it may have been in response to the prey being more available than usual, the authors wrote in the \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10164-024-00832-6#Sec11\">study published in the Journal of Ethology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides hunting and killing voles, researchers also observed the squirrels competing over their prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Squirrels are also social mammals, so researchers are interested in further understanding how the hunting behavior became so widespread throughout the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith said another potential area of future research is the impact of hunting voles on the survival of ground squirrels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers expect the vole population to crash next summer due to population cycles, so Smith said it will be interesting to see how the squirrels respond and pivot their eating habits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re incredibly behaviorally flexible,” Smith said, “and my guess is they’ll just take advantage of whatever foods are around.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In an eleventh-hour effort to balance \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland\u003c/a>’s ballooning budget deficit, the City Council on Tuesday night affirmed broad cuts to public safety, likely layoffs of city staff and reductions in services across city departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the series of resolutions was approved in the council’s final meeting, Oakland will initiate a two-phase plan to reduce expenditures by nearly $130 million during the rest of the fiscal year. The city’s massive shortfall has been brought on in large part by overspending in public safety departments and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12010521/oaklands-fiscal-crisis-budget-cuts-coming-even-with-coliseum-sale\">stalled sale of its stake in the Oakland Coliseum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are no easy answers here, and what’s before us is really hard to swallow, but we are here because, as a council, we are committed to make sure the city is on solid financial ground,” Council President Nikki Fortunato Bas, who became interim mayor later in the night after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014241/what-happens-now-oaklands-mayor-recalled-could-get-messy\">Mayor Sheng Thao’s recall\u003c/a> was certified, said before requesting a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s 5–1 vote approves a robust budget-balancing plan that includes cuts across most city departments and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017244/oaklands-budget-crisis-forcing-police-fire-cuts-more-will-be-needed\">first public safety reductions\u003c/a> so far. Councilmember Noel Gallo cast the sole dissenting vote, while Councilmembers Carol Fife and Janani Ramachandran were excused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes after Oakland had been delaying mass budget cuts for months. The original budget put forth by Thao and passed by the council in July used revenue from the Coliseum sale to patch the shortfall. When those \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007771/new-oakland-coliseum-sale-deal-raises-questions-about-delayed-payment-and-citys-budget\">funds were delayed\u003c/a>, though, the city had to implement a contingency plan that’s been compared to pulling the “emergency brake” on spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12010526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12010526\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A member of the Oakland Athletics grounds crew works on the outfield before the team’s last home baseball game against the Texas Rangers at the Coliseum on Sept. 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Godofredo A. Vásquez/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since September, it’s been implementing some of the budget reductions called for in the contingency, though they were far more limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cuts from the plan approved Tuesday night will come in two phases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate term, city officials have instructed the fire chief to initiate brownouts, or rotating closures, of two fire stations, in addition to a third currently closed for repairs. Despite consternation over the brownouts, the council voted to affirm these cuts, which city officials were already emboldened to initiate under the contingency budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Police Department’s foreseeable overtime — one of the biggest drivers of overspending — is also being slashed. It must now be approved by the mayor’s office and city administrator in writing beforehand, according to Budget Administrator Jestin Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12002786\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Tuesday night, Oakland City Council affirmed broad cuts to public safety, likely layoffs of city staff and reductions in services across city departments to reduce expenditures by nearly $130 million. The Oakland Police Department’s foreseeable overtime — one of the biggest drivers of overspending — is also being slashed. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two police academies planned for the remainder of the fiscal year have been canceled, and the agency will pause some specialized departments, like recruiting, and reallocate their resources to patrol and other necessities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, these cuts will save an estimated $37.6 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also declared a state of “extreme fiscal necessity,” which allowed it to transfer $22 million in restricted revenue sources, like the sugary beverage tax revenue and affordable housing trust, into the general fund, which pays for essential services like public safety, public works and administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance ensures that at least half of the $5.7 million pulled from the affordable housing trust continues to go toward affordable housing in future years, and the council earmarked $3 million of the first $10 million in Coliseum sale revenue to “reimburse” part of that money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12018120 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/GETTYIMAGES-2158502017-KQED-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also voted in favor of transferring an excess of $10 million currently in the emergency reserve to the general purpose fund. City policy requires it to maintain its emergency reserve at least 7.5% of the general purpose fund. Last year, it failed to do so — adding almost $30 million to the deficit that will require \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12015103/oakland-is-at-risk-of-financial-insolvency-is-bankruptcy-on-the-table\">declaring a fiscal emergency\u003c/a> if it isn’t replaced by July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, these actions will recover $104 million for the general purpose fund, but the remaining $16 million will require a second phase of cuts by the city administrator’s office in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These include four more fire station brownouts and layoffs of 92 full-time equivalent employees, many of whom work in the Public Works, Police and Human Services departments. Public Works will lose around 30 positions, the Police Department will cut 18 non-sworn employees and Human Services will reduce 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council urged city administrators to look for alternative revenue sources to reduce fire station brownouts and layoffs if at all possible. Councilmember Rebecca Kaplan said that her team had already identified some funds — including $2.5 million in increased revenue from events at the Oakland Coliseum and Arena — to offset the additional reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in the night, the council separately passed a unanimous resolution, which both Fife and Ramachandran appeared to vote on, declaring a separate emergency that allows them to place a general sales tax measure on the special election ballot in April if they so choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council has previously discussed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12015872/oakland-eyes-first-ever-citywide-sales-tax-avoid-fiscal-insolvency\">a half-cent sales tax\u003c/a>, which aims to generate up to $20 million a year in “additional revenue needed to mitigate the severity of service and program reductions caused by the ongoing budget deficit.” It will come before the new council, who will decide whether to place it on the ballot, in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In an eleventh-hour effort to balance \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/oakland\">Oakland\u003c/a>’s ballooning budget deficit, the City Council on Tuesday night affirmed broad cuts to public safety, likely layoffs of city staff and reductions in services across city departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the series of resolutions was approved in the council’s final meeting, Oakland will initiate a two-phase plan to reduce expenditures by nearly $130 million during the rest of the fiscal year. The city’s massive shortfall has been brought on in large part by overspending in public safety departments and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12010521/oaklands-fiscal-crisis-budget-cuts-coming-even-with-coliseum-sale\">stalled sale of its stake in the Oakland Coliseum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are no easy answers here, and what’s before us is really hard to swallow, but we are here because, as a council, we are committed to make sure the city is on solid financial ground,” Council President Nikki Fortunato Bas, who became interim mayor later in the night after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014241/what-happens-now-oaklands-mayor-recalled-could-get-messy\">Mayor Sheng Thao’s recall\u003c/a> was certified, said before requesting a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s 5–1 vote approves a robust budget-balancing plan that includes cuts across most city departments and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017244/oaklands-budget-crisis-forcing-police-fire-cuts-more-will-be-needed\">first public safety reductions\u003c/a> so far. Councilmember Noel Gallo cast the sole dissenting vote, while Councilmembers Carol Fife and Janani Ramachandran were excused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes after Oakland had been delaying mass budget cuts for months. The original budget put forth by Thao and passed by the council in July used revenue from the Coliseum sale to patch the shortfall. When those \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12007771/new-oakland-coliseum-sale-deal-raises-questions-about-delayed-payment-and-citys-budget\">funds were delayed\u003c/a>, though, the city had to implement a contingency plan that’s been compared to pulling the “emergency brake” on spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12010526\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12010526\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/10/OaklandColiseumAP2-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A member of the Oakland Athletics grounds crew works on the outfield before the team’s last home baseball game against the Texas Rangers at the Coliseum on Sept. 26, 2024. \u003ccite>(Godofredo A. Vásquez/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Since September, it’s been implementing some of the budget reductions called for in the contingency, though they were far more limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cuts from the plan approved Tuesday night will come in two phases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the immediate term, city officials have instructed the fire chief to initiate brownouts, or rotating closures, of two fire stations, in addition to a third currently closed for repairs. Despite consternation over the brownouts, the council voted to affirm these cuts, which city officials were already emboldened to initiate under the contingency budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Police Department’s foreseeable overtime — one of the biggest drivers of overspending — is also being slashed. It must now be approved by the mayor’s office and city administrator in writing beforehand, according to Budget Administrator Jestin Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12002786\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12002786\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/09/OaklandPoliceDepartment1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Tuesday night, Oakland City Council affirmed broad cuts to public safety, likely layoffs of city staff and reductions in services across city departments to reduce expenditures by nearly $130 million. The Oakland Police Department’s foreseeable overtime — one of the biggest drivers of overspending — is also being slashed. \u003ccite>(Alex Emslie/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two police academies planned for the remainder of the fiscal year have been canceled, and the agency will pause some specialized departments, like recruiting, and reallocate their resources to patrol and other necessities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, these cuts will save an estimated $37.6 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also declared a state of “extreme fiscal necessity,” which allowed it to transfer $22 million in restricted revenue sources, like the sugary beverage tax revenue and affordable housing trust, into the general fund, which pays for essential services like public safety, public works and administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ordinance ensures that at least half of the $5.7 million pulled from the affordable housing trust continues to go toward affordable housing in future years, and the council earmarked $3 million of the first $10 million in Coliseum sale revenue to “reimburse” part of that money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council also voted in favor of transferring an excess of $10 million currently in the emergency reserve to the general purpose fund. City policy requires it to maintain its emergency reserve at least 7.5% of the general purpose fund. Last year, it failed to do so — adding almost $30 million to the deficit that will require \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12015103/oakland-is-at-risk-of-financial-insolvency-is-bankruptcy-on-the-table\">declaring a fiscal emergency\u003c/a> if it isn’t replaced by July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together, these actions will recover $104 million for the general purpose fund, but the remaining $16 million will require a second phase of cuts by the city administrator’s office in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These include four more fire station brownouts and layoffs of 92 full-time equivalent employees, many of whom work in the Public Works, Police and Human Services departments. Public Works will lose around 30 positions, the Police Department will cut 18 non-sworn employees and Human Services will reduce 10.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council urged city administrators to look for alternative revenue sources to reduce fire station brownouts and layoffs if at all possible. Councilmember Rebecca Kaplan said that her team had already identified some funds — including $2.5 million in increased revenue from events at the Oakland Coliseum and Arena — to offset the additional reductions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier in the night, the council separately passed a unanimous resolution, which both Fife and Ramachandran appeared to vote on, declaring a separate emergency that allows them to place a general sales tax measure on the special election ballot in April if they so choose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council has previously discussed \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12015872/oakland-eyes-first-ever-citywide-sales-tax-avoid-fiscal-insolvency\">a half-cent sales tax\u003c/a>, which aims to generate up to $20 million a year in “additional revenue needed to mitigate the severity of service and program reductions caused by the ongoing budget deficit.” It will come before the new council, who will decide whether to place it on the ballot, in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "FAFSA 2025: What California Students Need to Know",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated March 12, 2025\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s FAFSA — the \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa\">Free Application for Federal Student Aid\u003c/a> — season again. And for some applicants, the memories of last year’s troubled rollout may still be fresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2023–24 FAFSA cycle, the federal government \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957693/applying-for-fafsa-in-2023-will-be-different-what-to-know-including-deadlines\">launched a new version\u003c/a> of the financial aid application in hopes of making the traditionally lengthy process more streamlined. However, students trying to use the new form faced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988925/applying-for-student-aid-was-supposed-to-be-easier-this-year-it-wasnt\">delays, glitches and other technical problems\u003c/a> that stopped many from being able to complete their application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#fafsa-deadlines-2025\">FAFSA deadlines to keep track of in 2025\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>After serious snags, new hopes for a new FAFSA\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The problems with last year’s FAFSA especially impacted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979367/fafsa-2024-the-big-error-affecting-mixed-status-families-and-what-to-do-if-youre-an-affected-student\">mixed-status individuals\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987754/californias-class-of-2024-lags-in-student-aid-applications-data-shows\">created a major workload for school counselors\u003c/a> across the state. And with those \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987754/californias-class-of-2024-lags-in-student-aid-applications-data-shows\">technical issues\u003c/a> persisting — and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1185226895/heres-what-happened-when-affirmative-action-ended-at-california-public-colleges#:~:text=And%20as%20the%20nation's%20highest,and%20private%20universities%20and%20colleges.\">national ban of affirmative action\u003c/a> unfolding in the background — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/685038/Freshman-Enrollment-Down-5-Following-FAFSA-Completion-Declines.htm\">fall semester enrollment declined by 5%\u003c/a> after a similar decline in FAFSA completion rates, according to data from the National College Attainment Network (NCAN), a nonprofit that aims to increase postsecondary degree access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the 2024-2025 cycle could be the year that the simplified FAFSA form proves to be a more efficient process for students — something that Daisy Gonzales, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the California Student Aid Commission\u003c/a>, is optimistic about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the FAFSA challenges from last year “have been fixed,” Gonzales said. “As students and families are completing that application, they should have a more seamless experience. There was a lot of testing nationally — and here in California — to make sure that in the beta phases, students could complete the application.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/686253/Restoring-Trust-in-the-FAFSA-Helping-the-Class-of-2025-Rebound.htm\">fixes include\u003c/a>: FAFSA no longer requiring an identity verification process for those without a Social Security number; keeping a dossier of students who started an application for easier tracking by counselors; and increased call center staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another big improvement, Gonzales said, is that the \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa\">FAFSA this year opened on Dec. 1\u003c/a>, as opposed to Dec. 30 last year (although still later than the pre-2024 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/loans/student-loans/fafsa-deadline\">October opening date\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on to learn more about what students and families should expect from this year’s FAFSA form — and the key FAFSA deadlines to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What if I am unsure about going to college this year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gonzales said that the biggest misconception people can make about the FAFSA is believing that they don’t qualify — whether that’s because their family is \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/middle-class-scholarship\">middle class\u003c/a>, they’re thinking about joining the military or they’re going on a gap year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you’re uncertain about going to college at all, Gonzales said you should apply for FAFSA anyway. That way, you’ll have it completed in case they change your mind about your plans, and you’ll be sure you haven’t missed any deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never a bad idea to apply,” she said. And because “the aid here in California is very generous, very diverse,” many students — especially first-year college students — will qualify for some form of aid like grants, scholarships, subsidized loans or work-study. Among \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/financial-aid-programs\">those programs\u003c/a> is the Cal Grant — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/cal-grants\">state-specific aid program\u003c/a> that California students can apply for through the FAFSA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other programs include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Cal-HBCU program, which provides aid for California students transferring from California Community Colleges to a partnering Historically Black College.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A grant for foster youth under 26 that funds five years of schooling\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Aid for undocumented students who also participate in community service\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Grants for students who are also parents\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students planning to enter the teaching profession.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>What tax documents do I need to complete the FAFSA??\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First, a quick breakdown of tax vocabulary:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A \u003cstrong>W-2 form\u003c/strong> is a tax document that an employer gives workers once a year, which shows how much the employer paid the worker that year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A \u003cstrong>1040 form\u003c/strong> is a tax document, also known as a tax return, that a worker completes themselves, usually with the help of a tax expert. This document is sent to the IRS each year to confirm how much that worker got paid and how much they owe the government in taxes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Most people in the U.S. receive a W-2 form and then complete a 1040 form themselves. FAFSA will ask parents to share information from last year’s documents. If the parents do not have this information, it could be for one of these reasons:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The parent is a gig worker, such as driving for Uber or doing deliveries for GrubHub, they most likely did not get a W-2 form. Instead, the company they work for gave them a 1099 form. Ask for “their 1099” instead.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The parents did not work last year and received unemployment benefits instead; they most likely did not get a W-2 form. In this case, the state government will have sent them a 1099-G form, which lists how much they received from unemployment benefits.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If a student’s parent has a W-2 form but does not have last year’s 1040 form, this probably means they haven’t filed their taxes yet. Colleges will still want to see their taxes, and applicants should ask their parents about scheduling an appointment with a tax preparer to catch up on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many community organizations offer free tax filing services year-round. In the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://uwba.org/freetaxhelp/\">United Way can connect people to online and in-person tax help\u003c/a> — and parents could potentially qualify to get cash back from the government when they file, based on their income and the size of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your family still needs to file their taxes, keep the schools you’re applying to updated about this.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What if I don’t have the documents I need to complete FAFSA?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In some cases, parents may be working at a job where they just won’t receive a W-2 or 1099 at all. Perhaps they work as a housecleaner, a nanny, a landscaper, a farmworker or another job where they haven’t signed a formal paper contract and are getting paid in cash. In these cases, Rosanna Ferro, chief of education at Oakland-based nonprofit College Track, told KQED earlier in 2024 that students can ask their parents, “How have you gotten paid in the past year or two?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferro, whose organization works to help first-generation and low-income high school students from across the country graduate college, said that the point of this question is twofold: How often do their parents get paid, and how much do they get paid? The piece of information you need is what’s called “proof of income,” which can help you calculate how much your parents got paid per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, your father cleans houses and charges $100 per house. Based on the information he shares, you estimate that he can usually clean 10 houses a week. That approximates that he’s earning roughly $4,000 a month. Multiply that by 12 months, and you get an estimated $48,000 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FAFSA applicants may have to get crafty to help their parents organize this information, Ferro said. “Whether it’s creating an Excel sheet, a Google folder or scanning something — taking a picture, a receipt or anything that shows income in any kind of way and storing it in a way that’s going to be accessible to you,” she said. This digital record can be especially helpful if the student applies for the FAFSA again next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you’re doing this, you should remember to contact a financial aid officer from any of the schools you’re applying to, who can advise your family on how to best input this information into FAFSA. Schools may ask applicants to share additional documents, like a letter from an employer or potentially file a 1040 form with the data you’ve gathered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>I’m from a mixed-status family. What should I know?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Glitches \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957693/applying-for-fafsa-in-2023-will-be-different-what-to-know-including-deadlines#undocumented\">prevented students of mixed-status backgrounds\u003c/a> — that is, when a student has a Social Security Number but one of their parents does not — from finishing the FAFSA last year. But those errors \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/686253/Restoring-Trust-in-the-FAFSA-Helping-the-Class-of-2025-Rebound.htm\">have now been resolved\u003c/a>, according to the National College Attainment Network. Meaning undocumented parents can make an FSA ID and fill out the parent’s portion of the form without needing to input a Social Security number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented parents should also prepare to manually enter \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/cadaa-msf\">last year’s tax information\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the National College Attainment Network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/686253/Restoring-Trust-in-the-FAFSA-Helping-the-Class-of-2025-Rebound.htm\">emphasized in a PSA\u003c/a> that counselors and financial aid officers will need to restore trust with these communities since “mixed-status families were one of, if not the most, negatively impacted populations by the FAFSA rollout last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Do immigration officials have access to the personal information I share on FAFSA?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The National College Attainment Network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/687899/NCAN-Shares-FAFSA-Guidance-for-Mixed-Status-Families.htm\">acknowledged\u003c/a> the incoming Trump administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017970/trump-has-promised-mass-deportations-can-california-fight-back\">hostile attitude towards undocumented immigrants\u003c/a>, recognizing that this could make students from mixed-status families hesitant to complete FAFSA — despite the 1965 Higher Education Act explicitly prohibiting the \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/notices/privacy\">use of this type of student data\u003c/a> for any purpose other than determining federal financial assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this time NCAN cannot assure mixed-status students and families that data submitted to the US Department of Education, as part of the FAFSA process, will continue to be protected,” NCAN’s guidance reads. “We believe mixed-status families should make a considered decision about whether to submit identifying information to the federal government in an FSA ID or FAFSA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization said that it “understands the grave ramifications of this guidance and deeply regrets that we feel it is necessary to issue it,” calling it “dreadful” that students and their families “have been put in a position of potentially choosing between their safety and the pursuit of postsecondary education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue is especially pertinent in California, where 20% of residents under 18 are either undocumented or living with undocumented family members. KQED has a guide on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11968584/fafsa-application-money-family-discussions\">how to navigate difficult conversations\u003c/a> around the financial aid application with family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://dream.csac.ca.gov/landing\">California Dream Act Application\u003c/a> — the state-specific financial aid application for students without a permanent immigration status — is also open to students from mixed-status families, if they need access to aid, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/mixed-status-fafsa-cadaa-financial-aid-undocumented-trump-administration\">without applying to FAFSA\u003c/a>. These funds would be limited to schools only in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to undocumented students, who are barred entirely from completing the federal aid application, Gonzales said that these students are “still in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016037/california-is-a-sanctuary-state-how-much-protection-will-that-give-immigrants-from-trumps-deportation-plans\">the state that believes that higher education is for everyone\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s “very important” for students to complete their application for California Dream Act financial aid “and that they know that the California Student Aid Commission never \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/cadaa-information-safety\">shares their data with the federal government\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you complete the California Dream Act application, you can receive state aid to pay for your college education — regardless of your immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"fafsa-deadlines-2025\">\u003c/a>What are the FAFSA deadlines to know for 2025?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What deadlines you should keep track of largely depends on what type of college or university you are hoping to enroll in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students hoping to go to a four-year institution, the priority deadline for the FAFSA is March 3, and \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2025/california-extends-state-financial-aid-deadline-until-april-2/727398\">the state priority deadline has now been extended to April 2, 2025\u003c/a>. But it’s “never a bad idea to just submit that application sooner rather than later — or to at least get it started,” Gonzales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The financial aid deadline for students going to community college is on Sept. 2, 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students hoping to go to a private institution, they should consider filling out the CSS Profile in addition to the FAFSA, which is \u003ca href=\"https://cssprofile.collegeboard.org/frequently-asked-questions\">a separate aid application\u003c/a>. The CSS Profile’s deadline is dependent on \u003ca href=\"https://cssprofile.collegeboard.org/getting-started\">the student’s private school priority deadline\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where can I find help to complete FAFSA?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Along with the 2024 FAFSA form glitches, Gonzales said that many schools are still catching up after the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, which also led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58693/college-enrollment-plummeted-during-the-pandemic-this-fall-its-even-worse\">a drop in higher education enrollment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are coming out of a global pandemic. It’s something that we have never gone through as a community, as a state and as a country and in the world,” she said. “A lot of students and families have had to make very difficult decisions as they think about their future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But 2025–26 is that year where we want all students to consider coming back to higher education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students and family members who still have questions, FAFSA resources state-wide and nationally include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/687244/NCANs-2025-26-FAFSA-Page-A-How-To-Guide.htm\">The National College Attainment Network’s 2025–26 FAFSA Page: A How-To Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/filling-out/help\">FAFSA’s official FAQ\u003c/a> (with \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/help-center/contact\">the help center’s contact information\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/sites/default/files/file-attachments/spanish_paper_better_cadaa_2024-2025.pdf\">Solicitud Dream Act de California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/students\">California Student Aid Commission\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/cash-college\">CSAC’s Cash for College\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.casfaa.org/\">California Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated March 12, 2025\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s FAFSA — the \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa\">Free Application for Federal Student Aid\u003c/a> — season again. And for some applicants, the memories of last year’s troubled rollout may still be fresh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 2023–24 FAFSA cycle, the federal government \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957693/applying-for-fafsa-in-2023-will-be-different-what-to-know-including-deadlines\">launched a new version\u003c/a> of the financial aid application in hopes of making the traditionally lengthy process more streamlined. However, students trying to use the new form faced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11988925/applying-for-student-aid-was-supposed-to-be-easier-this-year-it-wasnt\">delays, glitches and other technical problems\u003c/a> that stopped many from being able to complete their application.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#fafsa-deadlines-2025\">FAFSA deadlines to keep track of in 2025\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>After serious snags, new hopes for a new FAFSA\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The problems with last year’s FAFSA especially impacted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11979367/fafsa-2024-the-big-error-affecting-mixed-status-families-and-what-to-do-if-youre-an-affected-student\">mixed-status individuals\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987754/californias-class-of-2024-lags-in-student-aid-applications-data-shows\">created a major workload for school counselors\u003c/a> across the state. And with those \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987754/californias-class-of-2024-lags-in-student-aid-applications-data-shows\">technical issues\u003c/a> persisting — and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/06/30/1185226895/heres-what-happened-when-affirmative-action-ended-at-california-public-colleges#:~:text=And%20as%20the%20nation's%20highest,and%20private%20universities%20and%20colleges.\">national ban of affirmative action\u003c/a> unfolding in the background — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/685038/Freshman-Enrollment-Down-5-Following-FAFSA-Completion-Declines.htm\">fall semester enrollment declined by 5%\u003c/a> after a similar decline in FAFSA completion rates, according to data from the National College Attainment Network (NCAN), a nonprofit that aims to increase postsecondary degree access.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the 2024-2025 cycle could be the year that the simplified FAFSA form proves to be a more efficient process for students — something that Daisy Gonzales, executive director of \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the California Student Aid Commission\u003c/a>, is optimistic about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the FAFSA challenges from last year “have been fixed,” Gonzales said. “As students and families are completing that application, they should have a more seamless experience. There was a lot of testing nationally — and here in California — to make sure that in the beta phases, students could complete the application.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/686253/Restoring-Trust-in-the-FAFSA-Helping-the-Class-of-2025-Rebound.htm\">fixes include\u003c/a>: FAFSA no longer requiring an identity verification process for those without a Social Security number; keeping a dossier of students who started an application for easier tracking by counselors; and increased call center staffing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another big improvement, Gonzales said, is that the \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/h/apply-for-aid/fafsa\">FAFSA this year opened on Dec. 1\u003c/a>, as opposed to Dec. 30 last year (although still later than the pre-2024 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nerdwallet.com/article/loans/student-loans/fafsa-deadline\">October opening date\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read on to learn more about what students and families should expect from this year’s FAFSA form — and the key FAFSA deadlines to know.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What if I am unsure about going to college this year?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Gonzales said that the biggest misconception people can make about the FAFSA is believing that they don’t qualify — whether that’s because their family is \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/middle-class-scholarship\">middle class\u003c/a>, they’re thinking about joining the military or they’re going on a gap year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you’re uncertain about going to college at all, Gonzales said you should apply for FAFSA anyway. That way, you’ll have it completed in case they change your mind about your plans, and you’ll be sure you haven’t missed any deadlines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never a bad idea to apply,” she said. And because “the aid here in California is very generous, very diverse,” many students — especially first-year college students — will qualify for some form of aid like grants, scholarships, subsidized loans or work-study. Among \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/financial-aid-programs\">those programs\u003c/a> is the Cal Grant — the \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/cal-grants\">state-specific aid program\u003c/a> that California students can apply for through the FAFSA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other programs include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Cal-HBCU program, which provides aid for California students transferring from California Community Colleges to a partnering Historically Black College.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A grant for foster youth under 26 that funds five years of schooling\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Aid for undocumented students who also participate in community service\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Grants for students who are also parents\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Students planning to enter the teaching profession.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>What tax documents do I need to complete the FAFSA??\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>First, a quick breakdown of tax vocabulary:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A \u003cstrong>W-2 form\u003c/strong> is a tax document that an employer gives workers once a year, which shows how much the employer paid the worker that year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A \u003cstrong>1040 form\u003c/strong> is a tax document, also known as a tax return, that a worker completes themselves, usually with the help of a tax expert. This document is sent to the IRS each year to confirm how much that worker got paid and how much they owe the government in taxes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Most people in the U.S. receive a W-2 form and then complete a 1040 form themselves. FAFSA will ask parents to share information from last year’s documents. If the parents do not have this information, it could be for one of these reasons:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The parent is a gig worker, such as driving for Uber or doing deliveries for GrubHub, they most likely did not get a W-2 form. Instead, the company they work for gave them a 1099 form. Ask for “their 1099” instead.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The parents did not work last year and received unemployment benefits instead; they most likely did not get a W-2 form. In this case, the state government will have sent them a 1099-G form, which lists how much they received from unemployment benefits.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If a student’s parent has a W-2 form but does not have last year’s 1040 form, this probably means they haven’t filed their taxes yet. Colleges will still want to see their taxes, and applicants should ask their parents about scheduling an appointment with a tax preparer to catch up on this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many community organizations offer free tax filing services year-round. In the Bay Area, \u003ca href=\"https://uwba.org/freetaxhelp/\">United Way can connect people to online and in-person tax help\u003c/a> — and parents could potentially qualify to get cash back from the government when they file, based on their income and the size of the family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your family still needs to file their taxes, keep the schools you’re applying to updated about this.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What if I don’t have the documents I need to complete FAFSA?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In some cases, parents may be working at a job where they just won’t receive a W-2 or 1099 at all. Perhaps they work as a housecleaner, a nanny, a landscaper, a farmworker or another job where they haven’t signed a formal paper contract and are getting paid in cash. In these cases, Rosanna Ferro, chief of education at Oakland-based nonprofit College Track, told KQED earlier in 2024 that students can ask their parents, “How have you gotten paid in the past year or two?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ferro, whose organization works to help first-generation and low-income high school students from across the country graduate college, said that the point of this question is twofold: How often do their parents get paid, and how much do they get paid? The piece of information you need is what’s called “proof of income,” which can help you calculate how much your parents got paid per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, your father cleans houses and charges $100 per house. Based on the information he shares, you estimate that he can usually clean 10 houses a week. That approximates that he’s earning roughly $4,000 a month. Multiply that by 12 months, and you get an estimated $48,000 per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FAFSA applicants may have to get crafty to help their parents organize this information, Ferro said. “Whether it’s creating an Excel sheet, a Google folder or scanning something — taking a picture, a receipt or anything that shows income in any kind of way and storing it in a way that’s going to be accessible to you,” she said. This digital record can be especially helpful if the student applies for the FAFSA again next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While you’re doing this, you should remember to contact a financial aid officer from any of the schools you’re applying to, who can advise your family on how to best input this information into FAFSA. Schools may ask applicants to share additional documents, like a letter from an employer or potentially file a 1040 form with the data you’ve gathered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>I’m from a mixed-status family. What should I know?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Glitches \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11957693/applying-for-fafsa-in-2023-will-be-different-what-to-know-including-deadlines#undocumented\">prevented students of mixed-status backgrounds\u003c/a> — that is, when a student has a Social Security Number but one of their parents does not — from finishing the FAFSA last year. But those errors \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/686253/Restoring-Trust-in-the-FAFSA-Helping-the-Class-of-2025-Rebound.htm\">have now been resolved\u003c/a>, according to the National College Attainment Network. Meaning undocumented parents can make an FSA ID and fill out the parent’s portion of the form without needing to input a Social Security number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented parents should also prepare to manually enter \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/cadaa-msf\">last year’s tax information\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the National College Attainment Network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/686253/Restoring-Trust-in-the-FAFSA-Helping-the-Class-of-2025-Rebound.htm\">emphasized in a PSA\u003c/a> that counselors and financial aid officers will need to restore trust with these communities since “mixed-status families were one of, if not the most, negatively impacted populations by the FAFSA rollout last year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Do immigration officials have access to the personal information I share on FAFSA?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The National College Attainment Network \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/687899/NCAN-Shares-FAFSA-Guidance-for-Mixed-Status-Families.htm\">acknowledged\u003c/a> the incoming Trump administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12017970/trump-has-promised-mass-deportations-can-california-fight-back\">hostile attitude towards undocumented immigrants\u003c/a>, recognizing that this could make students from mixed-status families hesitant to complete FAFSA — despite the 1965 Higher Education Act explicitly prohibiting the \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/notices/privacy\">use of this type of student data\u003c/a> for any purpose other than determining federal financial assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At this time NCAN cannot assure mixed-status students and families that data submitted to the US Department of Education, as part of the FAFSA process, will continue to be protected,” NCAN’s guidance reads. “We believe mixed-status families should make a considered decision about whether to submit identifying information to the federal government in an FSA ID or FAFSA.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization said that it “understands the grave ramifications of this guidance and deeply regrets that we feel it is necessary to issue it,” calling it “dreadful” that students and their families “have been put in a position of potentially choosing between their safety and the pursuit of postsecondary education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue is especially pertinent in California, where 20% of residents under 18 are either undocumented or living with undocumented family members. KQED has a guide on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11968584/fafsa-application-money-family-discussions\">how to navigate difficult conversations\u003c/a> around the financial aid application with family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://dream.csac.ca.gov/landing\">California Dream Act Application\u003c/a> — the state-specific financial aid application for students without a permanent immigration status — is also open to students from mixed-status families, if they need access to aid, \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/education/mixed-status-fafsa-cadaa-financial-aid-undocumented-trump-administration\">without applying to FAFSA\u003c/a>. These funds would be limited to schools only in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to undocumented students, who are barred entirely from completing the federal aid application, Gonzales said that these students are “still in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12016037/california-is-a-sanctuary-state-how-much-protection-will-that-give-immigrants-from-trumps-deportation-plans\">the state that believes that higher education is for everyone\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it’s “very important” for students to complete their application for California Dream Act financial aid “and that they know that the California Student Aid Commission never \u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/cadaa-information-safety\">shares their data with the federal government\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you complete the California Dream Act application, you can receive state aid to pay for your college education — regardless of your immigration status.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"fafsa-deadlines-2025\">\u003c/a>What are the FAFSA deadlines to know for 2025?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>What deadlines you should keep track of largely depends on what type of college or university you are hoping to enroll in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students hoping to go to a four-year institution, the priority deadline for the FAFSA is March 3, and \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2025/california-extends-state-financial-aid-deadline-until-april-2/727398\">the state priority deadline has now been extended to April 2, 2025\u003c/a>. But it’s “never a bad idea to just submit that application sooner rather than later — or to at least get it started,” Gonzales said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The financial aid deadline for students going to community college is on Sept. 2, 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students hoping to go to a private institution, they should consider filling out the CSS Profile in addition to the FAFSA, which is \u003ca href=\"https://cssprofile.collegeboard.org/frequently-asked-questions\">a separate aid application\u003c/a>. The CSS Profile’s deadline is dependent on \u003ca href=\"https://cssprofile.collegeboard.org/getting-started\">the student’s private school priority deadline\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Where can I find help to complete FAFSA?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Along with the 2024 FAFSA form glitches, Gonzales said that many schools are still catching up after the disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic, which also led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/mindshift/58693/college-enrollment-plummeted-during-the-pandemic-this-fall-its-even-worse\">a drop in higher education enrollment\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are coming out of a global pandemic. It’s something that we have never gone through as a community, as a state and as a country and in the world,” she said. “A lot of students and families have had to make very difficult decisions as they think about their future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But 2025–26 is that year where we want all students to consider coming back to higher education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For students and family members who still have questions, FAFSA resources state-wide and nationally include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncan.org/news/687244/NCANs-2025-26-FAFSA-Page-A-How-To-Guide.htm\">The National College Attainment Network’s 2025–26 FAFSA Page: A How-To Guide\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/apply-for-aid/fafsa/filling-out/help\">FAFSA’s official FAQ\u003c/a> (with \u003ca href=\"https://studentaid.gov/help-center/contact\">the help center’s contact information\u003c/a>)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/sites/default/files/file-attachments/spanish_paper_better_cadaa_2024-2025.pdf\">Solicitud Dream Act de California\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/students\">California Student Aid Commission\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.csac.ca.gov/cash-college\">CSAC’s Cash for College\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.casfaa.org/\">California Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "rare-japanese-american-farm-in-san-jose-makes-its-final-persimmon-harvest",
"title": "Rare Japanese American Farm in San José Makes Its Final Persimmon Harvest",
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"headTitle": "Rare Japanese American Farm in San José Makes Its Final Persimmon Harvest | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>At this point in the season, James Tsukuda begins his days in the persimmon grove, harvesting the bounty of bright orange-red fruits, dangling like ornaments from dozens of trees that have already shed their leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He climbs a thin, wooden orchard ladder to reach for the Fuyu persimmons among the branches. The ladder is “older than me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s no surprise. A lot of the tools and equipment on this land are old because it’s been continuously farmed by Japanese American families for nearly 120 years, persisting through world wars, racist land laws and forced incarcerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisp fall mornings at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in North San José start slowly and mostly quietly, save for the trucks rumbling by along nearby Montague Expressway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the farm itself will soon be paved over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This persimmon harvest, coming to a close in just about a week, marks what will likely be the last farm work to ever take place on this land, as a developer plans to build nearly 1,500 apartments and townhomes here, along with a public park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Japanese American family with a rich farming history in the South Bay, the Sakauyes, has decided to sell the 22-acre plot their family has owned since 1907, and on which the Tsukudas have operated their stand for the last four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While plans for development have long loomed over the property, an air of finality and resignation has settled over the land in the last several months after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12000118/san-jose-council-oks-development-of-historic-japanese-american-farm-for-housing\">San José City Council approved the housing plans in August\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanover Company, the Houston-based developer, expects to begin work in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018179\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12018179 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432.jpg\" alt=\"Many persimmons in the back of a van\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Tsukuda carries an electric fruit scale to the stand before opening up for business in San José, CA, Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. The boxes of persimmons were harvested from the orchard this season. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Saying goodbye to more than a farm\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Now that we’re finally at the end, it’s kind of sad,” James Tsukuda said while standing at the base of a persimmon tree last week. “A lot of our long-time customers are heartbroken,” he said. “They’re still hoping for a chance that the sale won’t go through. It’s been tough for a lot of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past several weeks, customers, new and old, have been stopping by to buy the daily haul of persimmons piled high in white crates at the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several people purchased more than 20 pounds, a testament to the quality and their desire to hold onto a little bit more of what they’ll soon no longer have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wenyu Li, an engineer who lives in Milpitas and used to live in North San José, has been frequenting the stand for nearly 20 years and came by on a recent Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish we could’ve done something to save it,” Li said. “It always held a special place in my heart. It’s really sad to know they will be gone.”[aside postID=news_11999500]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other customers lamented the trope of bucolic settings being continually swapped out for blocks of housing, warehouses and office parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silicon Valley is like a concrete jungle. And finding a farm in the middle of it, finding nice produce in the middle of it, is very comforting,” said Heral Lakhani, of Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many customers said they buy their fruits and veggies at the stand because of the quality of the produce, the affordable prices and, most importantly, for the friendly relationships they form with the Tsukuda family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018178\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018178\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702.jpg\" alt=\"Two people sit in sun and shade at a farm stand with a white board behind them.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inez Lismonde sits with Miyo Tsukuda and her son John Tsukuda at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in San José on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Tsukuda Family\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>James Tsukuda’s mother, Miyo Tsukuda, has long been one of the smiling faces customers see at the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, she has started asking customers to take photos with her that she prints out and puts in a scrapbook to help her remember everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My face is starting to get a lot of wrinkles,” she said with a laugh while reviewing some of the photos last week. “I said, ‘My goodness, when did I get old?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was born in a concentration camp in Arkansas, where her family was sent during World War II. They were among the thousands of Japanese Americans who were incarcerated during the war and lost possessions and property, such as homes and farmland. Her late husband, Eiji Tsukuda, originally farmed a plot of land nearby, growing strawberries and raspberries until a forced eminent domain sale to make way for the Orchard School District pushed them off the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the family started leasing farmland from the Sakauyes. After he fell ill with cancer, Eiji Tsukuda handed off the farming duties at the current stand to James about 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018176\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018176\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843.jpg\" alt=\"A person with white hair and glasses, smiles while wearing a maroon top. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Miyo Tsukuda smiles while talking with a friend at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in San José on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Miyo Tsukuda said the “most enjoyable” thing for her has been talking with all the customers, and she’ll miss coming to the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get up in the morning, every morning, you tell yourself, ‘I have to get ready to go to work.’ I’m not going to have that anymore,” she said. “In a way, maybe it’s a good time to retire. But I’ll miss this place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Tsukuda said while his mom may have been looking forward to retiring just a few years ago, now that the fruit stand is being forced to shut down, she’s reluctant to let go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been such a big part of her life for such a long time,” he said. “She’s made a lot of friends here. And so have I.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Tsukuda said he’ll probably take his own tools with him when he leaves the farm for the last time but isn’t interested in any other keepsakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know about taking anything to remember the place by. That might actually be depressing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018177\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018177\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969.jpg\" alt=\"A person in a brown hat in the background and many ripe persimmons in the foreground.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Tsukuda harvests persimmons in the orchard at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in San José on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Next steps for development\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In preparation for the development, most everything left on the land will be leveled, including rows of crops, planters, historic barns, buildings and pump houses. However, preservationists have managed to work out a plan with the developer to preserve one house to serve as a link to the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The home that once belonged to Eiichi Sakauye — a prominent farmer and civic figure in Santa Clara County for decades — will eventually be relocated 10 miles south to History Park, where it will be restored and used as a showcase to tell his story and the story of Japanese American histories in the South Bay.[aside postID=news_12000118]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Schroh Jr., the head of History San Jose, which operates History Park, said the plan is estimated to cost $1 million, and about $800,000 in donations has been pledged so far from a handful of donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of organizations and individuals, including the Japanese American Museum of San Jose, the Preservation Action Council of San Jose, Hanover Company, Vice Mayor Rosemary Kamei, Councilmember David Cohen, members of the Sakauye family and History San Jose, collaborated to ensure the house won’t be flattened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Kamei and others pushed during an August council meeting to see the home restored on the site where it currently sits, that didn’t pan out, in part due to the city’s parks department not having enough funding to sustain it there. The developer and Eiichi Sakauye’s daughters also didn’t support preserving the home on the land but were willing to back a plan to have it relocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those involved in the plan to save the home say that even though it will be relocated, its preservation is a big win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we were looking at even a few months ago was this possibility that the entire site would be leveled, the house would be demolished, and nobody would speak up against it,” said Ben Leech, the president of the Preservation Action Council. “So the fact now that the house looks like it’s being saved and moved to History Park, it’s a sea change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanessa Hatakeyama, the director of the Japanese American Museum, said the partnerships and work that went into the plan have yielded more than just the preservation of a historic house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really helped strengthen the fabric of San Jose’s historic preservation community. And so that’s something that we’re incredibly proud of,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018173\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018173\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248.jpg\" alt=\"A person carries boxes as he walks through several trees full of persimmons.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Tsukuda carries plastic boxes through the orchard at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in San José on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. The farm stand is offering up its last haul of persimmons to customers old and new in the last week of business before the land they farm is developed with apartments and townhomes. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hanover plans to temporarily relocate the home onto another portion of the Sakauye farm to allow construction work to begin, and the home could be moved to History Park by the summer of next year, Hatakeyama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okkes Gozdas, a resident of the area near the farm, said he comes to the stand almost every day during the summer for fresh produce, and frequents during the fall for persimmons, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s happy Eiichi Sakauye’s home will be preserved but feels the community is suffering a big loss with farming on the land coming to an end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the place. When you come here, you feel different,” Gozdas said. “The sad part is the new generations cannot experience coming here.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With development plans solidified for a 22-acre patch of land in North San José, a Japanese American farming operation is coming to a close with its final persimmon harvest. ",
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"title": "Rare Japanese American Farm in San José Makes Its Final Persimmon Harvest | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At this point in the season, James Tsukuda begins his days in the persimmon grove, harvesting the bounty of bright orange-red fruits, dangling like ornaments from dozens of trees that have already shed their leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He climbs a thin, wooden orchard ladder to reach for the Fuyu persimmons among the branches. The ladder is “older than me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s no surprise. A lot of the tools and equipment on this land are old because it’s been continuously farmed by Japanese American families for nearly 120 years, persisting through world wars, racist land laws and forced incarcerations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crisp fall mornings at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in North San José start slowly and mostly quietly, save for the trucks rumbling by along nearby Montague Expressway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the farm itself will soon be paved over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This persimmon harvest, coming to a close in just about a week, marks what will likely be the last farm work to ever take place on this land, as a developer plans to build nearly 1,500 apartments and townhomes here, along with a public park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Japanese American family with a rich farming history in the South Bay, the Sakauyes, has decided to sell the 22-acre plot their family has owned since 1907, and on which the Tsukudas have operated their stand for the last four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While plans for development have long loomed over the property, an air of finality and resignation has settled over the land in the last several months after the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12000118/san-jose-council-oks-development-of-historic-japanese-american-farm-for-housing\">San José City Council approved the housing plans in August\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanover Company, the Houston-based developer, expects to begin work in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018179\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12018179 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432.jpg\" alt=\"Many persimmons in the back of a van\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1432-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Tsukuda carries an electric fruit scale to the stand before opening up for business in San José, CA, Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. The boxes of persimmons were harvested from the orchard this season. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Saying goodbye to more than a farm\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“Now that we’re finally at the end, it’s kind of sad,” James Tsukuda said while standing at the base of a persimmon tree last week. “A lot of our long-time customers are heartbroken,” he said. “They’re still hoping for a chance that the sale won’t go through. It’s been tough for a lot of them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past several weeks, customers, new and old, have been stopping by to buy the daily haul of persimmons piled high in white crates at the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several people purchased more than 20 pounds, a testament to the quality and their desire to hold onto a little bit more of what they’ll soon no longer have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wenyu Li, an engineer who lives in Milpitas and used to live in North San José, has been frequenting the stand for nearly 20 years and came by on a recent Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wish we could’ve done something to save it,” Li said. “It always held a special place in my heart. It’s really sad to know they will be gone.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other customers lamented the trope of bucolic settings being continually swapped out for blocks of housing, warehouses and office parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Silicon Valley is like a concrete jungle. And finding a farm in the middle of it, finding nice produce in the middle of it, is very comforting,” said Heral Lakhani, of Fremont.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many customers said they buy their fruits and veggies at the stand because of the quality of the produce, the affordable prices and, most importantly, for the friendly relationships they form with the Tsukuda family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018178\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018178\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702.jpg\" alt=\"Two people sit in sun and shade at a farm stand with a white board behind them.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1702-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inez Lismonde sits with Miyo Tsukuda and her son John Tsukuda at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in San José on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The Tsukuda Family\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>James Tsukuda’s mother, Miyo Tsukuda, has long been one of the smiling faces customers see at the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent weeks, she has started asking customers to take photos with her that she prints out and puts in a scrapbook to help her remember everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My face is starting to get a lot of wrinkles,” she said with a laugh while reviewing some of the photos last week. “I said, ‘My goodness, when did I get old?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She was born in a concentration camp in Arkansas, where her family was sent during World War II. They were among the thousands of Japanese Americans who were incarcerated during the war and lost possessions and property, such as homes and farmland. Her late husband, Eiji Tsukuda, originally farmed a plot of land nearby, growing strawberries and raspberries until a forced eminent domain sale to make way for the Orchard School District pushed them off the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the family started leasing farmland from the Sakauyes. After he fell ill with cancer, Eiji Tsukuda handed off the farming duties at the current stand to James about 20 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018176\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018176\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843.jpg\" alt=\"A person with white hair and glasses, smiles while wearing a maroon top. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0843-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Miyo Tsukuda smiles while talking with a friend at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in San José on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Miyo Tsukuda said the “most enjoyable” thing for her has been talking with all the customers, and she’ll miss coming to the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You get up in the morning, every morning, you tell yourself, ‘I have to get ready to go to work.’ I’m not going to have that anymore,” she said. “In a way, maybe it’s a good time to retire. But I’ll miss this place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Tsukuda said while his mom may have been looking forward to retiring just a few years ago, now that the fruit stand is being forced to shut down, she’s reluctant to let go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been such a big part of her life for such a long time,” he said. “She’s made a lot of friends here. And so have I.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Tsukuda said he’ll probably take his own tools with him when he leaves the farm for the last time but isn’t interested in any other keepsakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know about taking anything to remember the place by. That might actually be depressing,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018177\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018177\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969.jpg\" alt=\"A person in a brown hat in the background and many ripe persimmons in the foreground.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_0969-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Tsukuda harvests persimmons in the orchard at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in San José on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Next steps for development\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In preparation for the development, most everything left on the land will be leveled, including rows of crops, planters, historic barns, buildings and pump houses. However, preservationists have managed to work out a plan with the developer to preserve one house to serve as a link to the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The home that once belonged to Eiichi Sakauye — a prominent farmer and civic figure in Santa Clara County for decades — will eventually be relocated 10 miles south to History Park, where it will be restored and used as a showcase to tell his story and the story of Japanese American histories in the South Bay.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Schroh Jr., the head of History San Jose, which operates History Park, said the plan is estimated to cost $1 million, and about $800,000 in donations has been pledged so far from a handful of donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of organizations and individuals, including the Japanese American Museum of San Jose, the Preservation Action Council of San Jose, Hanover Company, Vice Mayor Rosemary Kamei, Councilmember David Cohen, members of the Sakauye family and History San Jose, collaborated to ensure the house won’t be flattened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Kamei and others pushed during an August council meeting to see the home restored on the site where it currently sits, that didn’t pan out, in part due to the city’s parks department not having enough funding to sustain it there. The developer and Eiichi Sakauye’s daughters also didn’t support preserving the home on the land but were willing to back a plan to have it relocated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those involved in the plan to save the home say that even though it will be relocated, its preservation is a big win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we were looking at even a few months ago was this possibility that the entire site would be leveled, the house would be demolished, and nobody would speak up against it,” said Ben Leech, the president of the Preservation Action Council. “So the fact now that the house looks like it’s being saved and moved to History Park, it’s a sea change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanessa Hatakeyama, the director of the Japanese American Museum, said the partnerships and work that went into the plan have yielded more than just the preservation of a historic house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really helped strengthen the fabric of San Jose’s historic preservation community. And so that’s something that we’re incredibly proud of,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12018173\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12018173\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248.jpg\" alt=\"A person carries boxes as he walks through several trees full of persimmons.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1332\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/12/20241211_Tsukuda-Farm-Close_DMB_1248-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">James Tsukuda carries plastic boxes through the orchard at the Tsukuda Fruit Stand in San José on Wednesday, Dec. 11, 2024. The farm stand is offering up its last haul of persimmons to customers old and new in the last week of business before the land they farm is developed with apartments and townhomes. \u003ccite>(David M. Barreda/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hanover plans to temporarily relocate the home onto another portion of the Sakauye farm to allow construction work to begin, and the home could be moved to History Park by the summer of next year, Hatakeyama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okkes Gozdas, a resident of the area near the farm, said he comes to the stand almost every day during the summer for fresh produce, and frequents during the fall for persimmons, as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he’s happy Eiichi Sakauye’s home will be preserved but feels the community is suffering a big loss with farming on the land coming to an end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the place. When you come here, you feel different,” Gozdas said. “The sad part is the new generations cannot experience coming here.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Berkeley Whooping Cough Cases Have Nearly Quadrupled in 2 Months",
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"content": "\u003cp>The number of whooping cough cases in Berkeley has nearly quadrupled so far this winter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014470/whooping-cough-is-soaring-in-the-bay-area-heres-how-to-get-vaccines\">amid a statewide surge\u003c/a>, KQED has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#whooping-cough-vaccine\">Where can I find the whooping cough vaccine?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>As of Dec. 1, Berkeley city officials said 83 confirmed or probable cases of whooping cough, or pertussis, had been reported this year. That’s up from 18 that were \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/Pertussis_Report_SEP2024.pdf\">confirmed by the end of September\u003c/a>, according to the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every five to seven years, we see some kind of bump in pertussis numbers,” said Dr. Gail Newel, the city’s interim health officer. “So, it looks like this year might be that year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a slight uptick in cases through September, the city recorded \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/Pertussis_Report_OCT2024.pdf\">48 new cases in October\u003c/a>, bringing the year’s total to 66, then 17 cases in November to hit 83. The increase throughout October and November includes several cases at Berkeley High School and UC Berkeley, public information officer Maitée Rossoukhi told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/20844784/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year marks a stark difference in reported whooping cough cases in the city. From 2020 to 2023, the California Department of Public Health said that only four cases were reported within Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase could be due in part to the waning effectiveness of vaccines people receive in childhood, Newel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infants and children are especially vulnerable to the disease, which can be spread through droplets released from a cough or sneeze. Symptoms can mimic those of a common cold — a runny nose and fever — and cause coughing fits and difficulty breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_12014470 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/11/WhoopingCoughGetty-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley’s uptick is part of a growing trend of whooping cough cases in California and the Bay Area, especially in Marin County, that health experts believe can be attributed to vaccine hesitancy and lack of access to healthcare, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of a general trend of vaccine hesitancy and lack of access during COVID that hasn’t caught up yet,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease specialist at UC San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s whooping cough numbers have also surged this year, jumping from 644 total throughout 2023 to over 2,190 reported cases in 2024, according to the state’s Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Abraar Karan, an infectious disease physician and researcher at Stanford University, said this week that he’s seen many patients who didn’t have updated Tdap vaccinations, which is the vaccine for older children and adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been seeing a lot of people who are not up to date and have no clue when they last got it,” he said. “Remember, a lot of people do not have primary care doctors, so no one’s checking on this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karan and Chin-Hong said the best thing to do when there’s an increase in cases is to notify residents and local healthcare providers and ensure vaccinations are up to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing that there’s been an increase in pertussis cases, that could be something that’s helpful to then start testing for that,” Karan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newel said Berkeley is recommending the same, particularly for young children, who are most at risk of death, and pregnant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get people vaccinated, get people tested,” Karan said. “That’s what you have to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"whooping-cough-vaccine\">\u003c/a>Where can I find the whooping cough vaccine?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/types.html\">The “whooping cough vaccine” \u003c/a>is a combination vaccine that protects against not just pertussis but also tetanus and diphtheria. It’s called the DTaP vaccine for babies and children under 7 and the Tdap vaccine for older children and adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For babies and young children (DTaP vaccine)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Multiple shots are recommended for maximum immunity. Babies are recommended to get three DTaP shots — one at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children then get two booster shots later (at 15–18 months and 4–6 years) to maintain their protection in early childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For older children (Tdap vaccine)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The CDC said that preteens should get a Tdap shot between the ages of 11 and 12 years as a booster — and any teenager who didn’t get this earlier shot should get one the next time they visit their provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For adults (Tdap vaccine)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re an adult who’s never had a Tdap shot, the CDC said you should get one — at any time. The agency also recommends that adults get a booster every 10 years. Pregnant people are also advised to get a Tdap shot early in the third trimester of every pregnancy to protect their baby from whooping cough in their vulnerable first few newborn months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where can I find a shot in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you have health insurance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/recommendations.html\">the CDC’s recommendation for these shots\u003c/a> means that your insurer should cover the costs. You can find appointments for a Tdap vaccine at:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Your regular health care provider\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A local pharmacy like \u003ca href=\"https://www.cvs.com/immunizations/tdap-dtap\">CVS \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"https://www.walgreens.com/topic/pharmacy/scheduler/tdap-td-tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis-vaccine_32.jsp\">Walgreens\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vaccines.gov/en/\">vaccines.gov\u003c/a>, the federal government’s vaccine locator\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://myturn.ca.gov/vaccinelocator.html\">myturn.ca.gov\u003c/a>, the state’s vaccine locator\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For those without insurance: Uninsured children ages 18 and under can get free DTaP vaccines — and other no-cost immunizations — as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/index.html\">Vaccines for Children Program\u003c/a>. People without insurance can get the vaccine at a lower cost — or even free\u003ca href=\"https://eziz.org/assets/docs/IMM-1247.pdf\"> if they qualify for the Vaccines for Adults Program\u003c/a> — from several providers and community clinics around the Bay Area, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/information/aitc-services-and-prices\">San Francisco Department of Public Health’s AITC clinic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/immunization/clinics.php#Uninsured\">Contra Costa Public Health Immunization Clinic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://acphd.org/clinics/\">Alameda County Immunization Clinics.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>(And while you’re at it, remember that now is a great time to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12001396/where-can-i-get-new-covid-vaccine-near-me-2024\">get your updated COVID-19 shot and your flu vaccine, too\u003c/a>, in winter respiratory virus season.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The number of whooping cough cases in Berkeley has nearly quadrupled so far this winter \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12014470/whooping-cough-is-soaring-in-the-bay-area-heres-how-to-get-vaccines\">amid a statewide surge\u003c/a>, KQED has learned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jump straight to: \u003ca href=\"#whooping-cough-vaccine\">Where can I find the whooping cough vaccine?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>As of Dec. 1, Berkeley city officials said 83 confirmed or probable cases of whooping cough, or pertussis, had been reported this year. That’s up from 18 that were \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/Pertussis_Report_SEP2024.pdf\">confirmed by the end of September\u003c/a>, according to the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every five to seven years, we see some kind of bump in pertussis numbers,” said Dr. Gail Newel, the city’s interim health officer. “So, it looks like this year might be that year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a slight uptick in cases through September, the city recorded \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/Immunization/Pertussis_Report_OCT2024.pdf\">48 new cases in October\u003c/a>, bringing the year’s total to 66, then 17 cases in November to hit 83. The increase throughout October and November includes several cases at Berkeley High School and UC Berkeley, public information officer Maitée Rossoukhi told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://flo.uri.sh/visualisation/20844784/embed\" title=\"Interactive or visual content\" class=\"flourish-embed-iframe\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" style=\"width:100%;height:600px;\" sandbox=\"allow-same-origin allow-forms allow-scripts allow-downloads allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year marks a stark difference in reported whooping cough cases in the city. From 2020 to 2023, the California Department of Public Health said that only four cases were reported within Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase could be due in part to the waning effectiveness of vaccines people receive in childhood, Newel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infants and children are especially vulnerable to the disease, which can be spread through droplets released from a cough or sneeze. Symptoms can mimic those of a common cold — a runny nose and fever — and cause coughing fits and difficulty breathing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley’s uptick is part of a growing trend of whooping cough cases in California and the Bay Area, especially in Marin County, that health experts believe can be attributed to vaccine hesitancy and lack of access to healthcare, among other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s part of a general trend of vaccine hesitancy and lack of access during COVID that hasn’t caught up yet,” said Dr. Peter Chin-Hong, an infectious disease specialist at UC San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s whooping cough numbers have also surged this year, jumping from 644 total throughout 2023 to over 2,190 reported cases in 2024, according to the state’s Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Abraar Karan, an infectious disease physician and researcher at Stanford University, said this week that he’s seen many patients who didn’t have updated Tdap vaccinations, which is the vaccine for older children and adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been seeing a lot of people who are not up to date and have no clue when they last got it,” he said. “Remember, a lot of people do not have primary care doctors, so no one’s checking on this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Karan and Chin-Hong said the best thing to do when there’s an increase in cases is to notify residents and local healthcare providers and ensure vaccinations are up to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Knowing that there’s been an increase in pertussis cases, that could be something that’s helpful to then start testing for that,” Karan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newel said Berkeley is recommending the same, particularly for young children, who are most at risk of death, and pregnant women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get people vaccinated, get people tested,” Karan said. “That’s what you have to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"whooping-cough-vaccine\">\u003c/a>Where can I find the whooping cough vaccine?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/types.html\">The “whooping cough vaccine” \u003c/a>is a combination vaccine that protects against not just pertussis but also tetanus and diphtheria. It’s called the DTaP vaccine for babies and children under 7 and the Tdap vaccine for older children and adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For babies and young children (DTaP vaccine)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Multiple shots are recommended for maximum immunity. Babies are recommended to get three DTaP shots — one at 2 months, 4 months and 6 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends that children then get two booster shots later (at 15–18 months and 4–6 years) to maintain their protection in early childhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For older children (Tdap vaccine)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The CDC said that preteens should get a Tdap shot between the ages of 11 and 12 years as a booster — and any teenager who didn’t get this earlier shot should get one the next time they visit their provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>For adults (Tdap vaccine)\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’re an adult who’s never had a Tdap shot, the CDC said you should get one — at any time. The agency also recommends that adults get a booster every 10 years. Pregnant people are also advised to get a Tdap shot early in the third trimester of every pregnancy to protect their baby from whooping cough in their vulnerable first few newborn months.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where can I find a shot in the Bay Area?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you have health insurance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/vaccines/recommendations.html\">the CDC’s recommendation for these shots\u003c/a> means that your insurer should cover the costs. You can find appointments for a Tdap vaccine at:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Your regular health care provider\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A local pharmacy like \u003ca href=\"https://www.cvs.com/immunizations/tdap-dtap\">CVS \u003c/a>or \u003ca href=\"https://www.walgreens.com/topic/pharmacy/scheduler/tdap-td-tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis-vaccine_32.jsp\">Walgreens\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.vaccines.gov/en/\">vaccines.gov\u003c/a>, the federal government’s vaccine locator\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://myturn.ca.gov/vaccinelocator.html\">myturn.ca.gov\u003c/a>, the state’s vaccine locator\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>For those without insurance: Uninsured children ages 18 and under can get free DTaP vaccines — and other no-cost immunizations — as part of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/programs/vfc/index.html\">Vaccines for Children Program\u003c/a>. People without insurance can get the vaccine at a lower cost — or even free\u003ca href=\"https://eziz.org/assets/docs/IMM-1247.pdf\"> if they qualify for the Vaccines for Adults Program\u003c/a> — from several providers and community clinics around the Bay Area, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sf.gov/information/aitc-services-and-prices\">San Francisco Department of Public Health’s AITC clinic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/immunization/clinics.php#Uninsured\">Contra Costa Public Health Immunization Clinic\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://acphd.org/clinics/\">Alameda County Immunization Clinics.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>(And while you’re at it, remember that now is a great time to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12001396/where-can-i-get-new-covid-vaccine-near-me-2024\">get your updated COVID-19 shot and your flu vaccine, too\u003c/a>, in winter respiratory virus season.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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},
"snap-judgment": {
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