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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3:00 pm:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOfficials say 23-year-old Aws Mohammed Younis Al-Jayab of Sacramento is enrolled as a community college computer science major. American River College spokesman Scott Crow said Friday that the Iraqi-born refugee has attended the college since last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Jayab makes his first court appearance Friday on a charge of lying to investigators about traveling to Syria to join the civil war there in late 2014 and early 2015. If convicted he could face up to eight years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSACRAMENTO -- An Iraqi-born man living in Sacramento encouraged a fellow Iraqi refugee in Texas to join the civil war against the Syrian government and promised to teach him how to fight, federal authorities said Friday, a day after terrorism charges against the two men were revealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/294854717/Criminal-Complaint-SACRAMENTO-MAN-ARRESTED-FOR-TERRORISM-OFFENSE\" target=\"_blank\">criminal complaint\u003c/a> filed against 23-year-old Aws Mohammed Younis Al-Jayab of Sacramento details the social media communication he had with 24-year-old Omar Faraj Saeed Al Hardan of Houston. Al Hardan is the person identified as \"Individual I\" in the complaint, according to Lauren Horwood, a spokeswoman for the U.S. attorney in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"O God, grant us martyrdom for your sake while engaged in fighting and not retreating; a martyrdom that would make you satisfied with us,\" Al-Jayab wrote to Al Hardan in April 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint says Al-Jayab, who already had fought in Syria, promised to provide weapons training to Al Hardan and advised him on how he would be assigned to the battlefield once he arrived in Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=294920814 key=key-N7DPFO5w5Nabv0XqjmcQ mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Jayab described how he began fighting shortly after he turned 16, and recounted \"just shooting, spraying, spraying\" with his assault rifle during a battle. He said he helped execute three Syrian government soldiers, according to the document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say Al-Jayab fought twice in Syria, including with a group affiliated with the Islamic State. There is no indication that Al Hardan, an Iraqi refugee, actually traveled to Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Jayab left the United States in November 2013, but came to Sacramento in January 2014, the FBI said in a 20-page affidavit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media and other accounts say that as soon as he arrived in the United States, Al-Jayab began saying he wanted to return to Syria to \"work,\" which the FBI says is believed to be a reference \"to assisting in and supporting violent jihad.\" Authorities said he eventually fought with various terrorist organizations, including Ansar al-Islam, which in 2014 merged with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant after Al-Jayab had returned to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Al-Jayab criticized Islamic State group in several messages for killing Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it weren't for the (Islamic) State's bloodletting, I would have been the first one to join it,\" he said, according to the FBI, although he later described fighting alongside the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both are Iraqi-born Palestinians who came to the United States as refugees. There was no evidence either man intended or planned attacks in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Jayab faces up to eight years in prison on charges of traveling to Syria to fight and lying to investigators about it. He was due to make his initial court appearance Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His attorney, Ben Galloway of the federal defender's office, did not return telephone and emailed messages Thursday or Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al Hardan \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-sacramento-security-idUSKBN0UM02W20160108\" target=\"_blank\">made his initial appearance\u003c/a> in Houston federal court Friday morning after he was indicted Wednesday on three charges related to accusations he tried to provide material support to the Islamic State. He faces up to 25 years in prison for the most serious charge.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3:00 pm:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nOfficials say 23-year-old Aws Mohammed Younis Al-Jayab of Sacramento is enrolled as a community college computer science major. American River College spokesman Scott Crow said Friday that the Iraqi-born refugee has attended the college since last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Jayab makes his first court appearance Friday on a charge of lying to investigators about traveling to Syria to join the civil war there in late 2014 and early 2015. If convicted he could face up to eight years in federal prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSACRAMENTO -- An Iraqi-born man living in Sacramento encouraged a fellow Iraqi refugee in Texas to join the civil war against the Syrian government and promised to teach him how to fight, federal authorities said Friday, a day after terrorism charges against the two men were revealed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/294854717/Criminal-Complaint-SACRAMENTO-MAN-ARRESTED-FOR-TERRORISM-OFFENSE\" target=\"_blank\">criminal complaint\u003c/a> filed against 23-year-old Aws Mohammed Younis Al-Jayab of Sacramento details the social media communication he had with 24-year-old Omar Faraj Saeed Al Hardan of Houston. Al Hardan is the person identified as \"Individual I\" in the complaint, according to Lauren Horwood, a spokeswoman for the U.S. attorney in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"O God, grant us martyrdom for your sake while engaged in fighting and not retreating; a martyrdom that would make you satisfied with us,\" Al-Jayab wrote to Al Hardan in April 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The complaint says Al-Jayab, who already had fought in Syria, promised to provide weapons training to Al Hardan and advised him on how he would be assigned to the battlefield once he arrived in Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\"\n src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/294920814/content?start_page=1&view_mode=&access_key=key-N7DPFO5w5Nabv0XqjmcQ\"\n title=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/294920814\"\n data-auto-height=\"true\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"scribd_294920814\"\n width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n \u003ca class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__scribdShortcode__scribd_footer\"\n href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/294920814\"\n target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View this document on Scribd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Jayab described how he began fighting shortly after he turned 16, and recounted \"just shooting, spraying, spraying\" with his assault rifle during a battle. He said he helped execute three Syrian government soldiers, according to the document.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say Al-Jayab fought twice in Syria, including with a group affiliated with the Islamic State. There is no indication that Al Hardan, an Iraqi refugee, actually traveled to Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Jayab left the United States in November 2013, but came to Sacramento in January 2014, the FBI said in a 20-page affidavit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media and other accounts say that as soon as he arrived in the United States, Al-Jayab began saying he wanted to return to Syria to \"work,\" which the FBI says is believed to be a reference \"to assisting in and supporting violent jihad.\" Authorities said he eventually fought with various terrorist organizations, including Ansar al-Islam, which in 2014 merged with the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant after Al-Jayab had returned to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Al-Jayab criticized Islamic State group in several messages for killing Muslims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If it weren't for the (Islamic) State's bloodletting, I would have been the first one to join it,\" he said, according to the FBI, although he later described fighting alongside the group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both are Iraqi-born Palestinians who came to the United States as refugees. There was no evidence either man intended or planned attacks in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al-Jayab faces up to eight years in prison on charges of traveling to Syria to fight and lying to investigators about it. He was due to make his initial court appearance Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His attorney, Ben Galloway of the federal defender's office, did not return telephone and emailed messages Thursday or Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Al Hardan \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-sacramento-security-idUSKBN0UM02W20160108\" target=\"_blank\">made his initial appearance\u003c/a> in Houston federal court Friday morning after he was indicted Wednesday on three charges related to accusations he tried to provide material support to the Islamic State. He faces up to 25 years in prison for the most serious charge.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Teacher's Supreme Court Case Challenges Union Power",
"title": "California Teacher's Supreme Court Case Challenges Union Power",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court takes up a case Monday that could significantly change the landscape of political power in California and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbar.org/publications/preview_home/2015_2016_briefs/14-915.html\" target=\"_blank\">Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association\u003c/a> centers on the question of whether union dues are inherently political -- and if they are, as the plaintiffs argue, whether represented employees who are not union members can be compelled to pay them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240822633\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case could have far-reaching political implications because the CTA and other public sector unions are significant political players in Democratic politics in both California and nationally -- and losing the case could hollow out their membership and financial standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Orange County Teacher Behind Case\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative/libertarian Center for Individual Rights is representing Rebecca Friedrichs, the Orange County teacher who sued. The group's president, Terry Pell, said Friedrichs, a 25-year classroom veteran, had a good relationship with the union -- including a stint as a union representative --until the economic crash in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The school district was laying off newer teachers who were quite good at what they did,\" he said. \"Rebecca went around to the other teachers and said, 'If we all took a 2 percent pay cut, we could save their jobs,' and the other teachers agreed. She took it to the union and one official after another said absolutely not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pell said those conversations led Friedrichs to believe that the union has different priorities than she does, and \"she shouldn't have to fund an organization she fundamentally disagrees with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plaintiffs Claim Fees Violate First Amendment Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1977 decision in \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/431/209\" target=\"_blank\">Abood v. Detroit Board of Education\u003c/a>, the court upheld arrangements that require service fees or dues from employees who choose not to be part of a union. The rationale for that decision rested in large part on the benefit employees get from unions' role in negotiating contracts and representing workers with grievances. And while unions engage in political activity, the court said, that doesn't interfere with the First Amendment rights of individual workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pell argues everything a public employee union does -- even collective bargaining -- is inherently political and therefore people like Friedrichs should be able to opt out. He argues that because any raise in teacher salary is funded by tax dollars, forcing teachers to fund negotiations is compelling them to identify with a public policy cause, a violation of their First Amendment rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s an example of something the union negotiated for -- higher salaries -- that’s actually quite political,\" Pell said. \"Reasonable people can disagree whether higher salaries are actually a good thing, especially when the economy is falling apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrichs and her fellow plaintiffs want the court to overrule the Abood decision and strike down laws requiring even nonunion employees to pay fees in the 25 states that have such statutes on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we win, then they will have the chance to say no with their feet and their checkbook -- they won't have to pay dues,\" Pell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unions, State Say Case Threatens Union Structure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state of California, the CTA and allies argue that a ruling in favor of Friedrichs could undermine the entire system of public employee collective bargaining here and nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't have a system where the union only has an obligation to represent its own members,\" says William Gould, professor emeritus at Stanford Law School. \"The minority who don't want the union still have the right to benefit from anything the union does through collective bargaining.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould joined an \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/LABOR-LAW-FRIEDRICHS-AMICUS-BRIEF-FINAL-VERSION4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amicus brief\u003c/a> on behalf of the CTA. The union argues that if nonmembers can be represented by the union without paying any fee, there would be a strong incentive to become a \"free rider\" and not join the union. Fewer paying members could lead to a weakened force at the negotiation table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Gould urges teachers like Friedrichs to voice their displeasure with union decisions by electing new leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I may object to President Bush pursuing the Iraq War, but I can’t determine for myself that my taxes used for those purposes should be withheld,\" he said. \"Similarly, the dissident employees may not like the unions’ pursuit of grievances of safety or wages in the collective bargaining process. The answer in both situations is to get different political leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decision Could Shift Power at the Ballot Box\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court will also consider a second question, one that has direct implications for the political weight of public sector unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, teachers in California have the ability to opt out of funding the union's political activities. If they decide that they don't want to give the union money to support candidates, ballot measures and legislative lobbying, they will receive a refund for that portion of their dues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrichs wants the court to change that and make opting \u003cem>in\u003c/em> the default option under the law. Such a system would require union members to fill out a form and agree to pay dues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any lapse in dues directed toward political purposes would have an adverse effect on the state's Democratic Party. The CTA has consistently given far more to Democrats than Republicans in statewide and legislative races, and the union's support for Democratic causes extends to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cta.org/About-CTA/News-Room/Press-Releases/2015/10/20151025.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">initiatives\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cta.org/Issues-and-Action/Legislation/Capitol-News/Bills-Awaiting-Governors-Approval.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">legislative lobbying\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Case Split Conservatives on the Court?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The door to the eventual Friedrichs challenge was opened in the 2012 case \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1121c4d6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Knox v. SEIU\u003c/a>, when conservative Justice Samuel Alito wrote in his decision that the union model requiring nonmembers to contribute was an \"anomaly\" not seen in other associations of doctors, professors or even neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the challenge has made it to the Supreme Court, the unlikely union ally may be another conservative, Antonin Scalia. In a 1991 case weighing union contributions and First Amendment rights, \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/500/507/case.html#550\" target=\"_blank\">Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Association\u003c/a>, Scalia expressed support for the fee model that the CTA and other public sector unions have in place for nonmembers:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Where the state imposes upon the union a duty to deliver services, it may permit the union to demand reimbursement for them; or, looked at from the other end, where the state creates in the nonmembers a legal entitlement from the union, it may compel them to pay the cost.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Scalia's view on the issue has changed 25 years later is a question that Democrats around the state will be nervously watching.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court takes up a case Monday that could significantly change the landscape of political power in California and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbar.org/publications/preview_home/2015_2016_briefs/14-915.html\" target=\"_blank\">Friedrichs v. California Teachers Association\u003c/a> centers on the question of whether union dues are inherently political -- and if they are, as the plaintiffs argue, whether represented employees who are not union members can be compelled to pay them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240822633&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240822633'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case could have far-reaching political implications because the CTA and other public sector unions are significant political players in Democratic politics in both California and nationally -- and losing the case could hollow out their membership and financial standing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Orange County Teacher Behind Case\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservative/libertarian Center for Individual Rights is representing Rebecca Friedrichs, the Orange County teacher who sued. The group's president, Terry Pell, said Friedrichs, a 25-year classroom veteran, had a good relationship with the union -- including a stint as a union representative --until the economic crash in 2008.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The school district was laying off newer teachers who were quite good at what they did,\" he said. \"Rebecca went around to the other teachers and said, 'If we all took a 2 percent pay cut, we could save their jobs,' and the other teachers agreed. She took it to the union and one official after another said absolutely not.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pell said those conversations led Friedrichs to believe that the union has different priorities than she does, and \"she shouldn't have to fund an organization she fundamentally disagrees with.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Plaintiffs Claim Fees Violate First Amendment Rights\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1977 decision in \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/431/209\" target=\"_blank\">Abood v. Detroit Board of Education\u003c/a>, the court upheld arrangements that require service fees or dues from employees who choose not to be part of a union. The rationale for that decision rested in large part on the benefit employees get from unions' role in negotiating contracts and representing workers with grievances. And while unions engage in political activity, the court said, that doesn't interfere with the First Amendment rights of individual workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Pell argues everything a public employee union does -- even collective bargaining -- is inherently political and therefore people like Friedrichs should be able to opt out. He argues that because any raise in teacher salary is funded by tax dollars, forcing teachers to fund negotiations is compelling them to identify with a public policy cause, a violation of their First Amendment rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That’s an example of something the union negotiated for -- higher salaries -- that’s actually quite political,\" Pell said. \"Reasonable people can disagree whether higher salaries are actually a good thing, especially when the economy is falling apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrichs and her fellow plaintiffs want the court to overrule the Abood decision and strike down laws requiring even nonunion employees to pay fees in the 25 states that have such statutes on the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we win, then they will have the chance to say no with their feet and their checkbook -- they won't have to pay dues,\" Pell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unions, State Say Case Threatens Union Structure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the state of California, the CTA and allies argue that a ruling in favor of Friedrichs could undermine the entire system of public employee collective bargaining here and nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't have a system where the union only has an obligation to represent its own members,\" says William Gould, professor emeritus at Stanford Law School. \"The minority who don't want the union still have the right to benefit from anything the union does through collective bargaining.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gould joined an \u003ca href=\"http://www.scotusblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/LABOR-LAW-FRIEDRICHS-AMICUS-BRIEF-FINAL-VERSION4.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amicus brief\u003c/a> on behalf of the CTA. The union argues that if nonmembers can be represented by the union without paying any fee, there would be a strong incentive to become a \"free rider\" and not join the union. Fewer paying members could lead to a weakened force at the negotiation table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Gould urges teachers like Friedrichs to voice their displeasure with union decisions by electing new leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I may object to President Bush pursuing the Iraq War, but I can’t determine for myself that my taxes used for those purposes should be withheld,\" he said. \"Similarly, the dissident employees may not like the unions’ pursuit of grievances of safety or wages in the collective bargaining process. The answer in both situations is to get different political leadership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Decision Could Shift Power at the Ballot Box\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court will also consider a second question, one that has direct implications for the political weight of public sector unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, teachers in California have the ability to opt out of funding the union's political activities. If they decide that they don't want to give the union money to support candidates, ballot measures and legislative lobbying, they will receive a refund for that portion of their dues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friedrichs wants the court to change that and make opting \u003cem>in\u003c/em> the default option under the law. Such a system would require union members to fill out a form and agree to pay dues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any lapse in dues directed toward political purposes would have an adverse effect on the state's Democratic Party. The CTA has consistently given far more to Democrats than Republicans in statewide and legislative races, and the union's support for Democratic causes extends to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cta.org/About-CTA/News-Room/Press-Releases/2015/10/20151025.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">initiatives\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.cta.org/Issues-and-Action/Legislation/Capitol-News/Bills-Awaiting-Governors-Approval.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">legislative lobbying\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Will Case Split Conservatives on the Court?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The door to the eventual Friedrichs challenge was opened in the 2012 case \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/11pdf/10-1121c4d6.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Knox v. SEIU\u003c/a>, when conservative Justice Samuel Alito wrote in his decision that the union model requiring nonmembers to contribute was an \"anomaly\" not seen in other associations of doctors, professors or even neighbors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the challenge has made it to the Supreme Court, the unlikely union ally may be another conservative, Antonin Scalia. In a 1991 case weighing union contributions and First Amendment rights, \u003ca href=\"https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/500/507/case.html#550\" target=\"_blank\">Lehnert v. Ferris Faculty Association\u003c/a>, Scalia expressed support for the fee model that the CTA and other public sector unions have in place for nonmembers:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Where the state imposes upon the union a duty to deliver services, it may permit the union to demand reimbursement for them; or, looked at from the other end, where the state creates in the nonmembers a legal entitlement from the union, it may compel them to pay the cost.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether Scalia's view on the issue has changed 25 years later is a question that Democrats around the state will be nervously watching.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Mayor Pushes SFPD to Fast-Track Use-of-Force Reforms; Chief Calls in Feds",
"title": "Mayor Pushes SFPD to Fast-Track Use-of-Force Reforms; Chief Calls in Feds",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee has set a Feb. 15 deadline for city law enforcement leadership to deliver \"any reforms that require new laws or expenditures,\" as the Police Department and Police Commission launch multiple efforts examining use-of-force and training policies following the deadly shooting of Mario Woods last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor sent a \u003ca href=\"#letter\">letter\u003c/a> to the city's Board of Supervisors Wednesday urging quick changes to create \"a city where no preventable officer-involved shootings occur and where every community feels respected, justly treated and safer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing\" target=\"_blank\">Bystander video\u003c/a> captured a large group of officers with guns drawn surrounding Woods, a 26-year-old black man, in San Francisco's Bayview district on Dec. 2. \u003ca href=\"http://sf-police.org/index.aspx?recordid=1396&page=3763\" target=\"_blank\">Police say\u003c/a> Woods had a knife and was suspected of stabbing someone earlier that day. They say Woods didn't comply with commands to drop the knife and didn't respond to pepper spray or multiple barrages of \"less lethal\" impact rounds. As he began to walk away from the largest group of police, an officer stepped into his path, and five officers fired, according to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"NAuJ4kI7hXEEUT2VuNKWAl2vlyDUUx6j\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/11/mario-woods-mother-suing-san-francisco-amid-calls-for-police-chiefs-resignation\" target=\"_blank\">Attorneys for Woods' family\u003c/a>, who have examined his body, say he appears to have been shot approximately 20 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting has galvanized long-standing criticism of racial bias in the San Francisco Police Department. SFPD arrests a highly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/22/report-african-american-adults-seven-times-as-likely-as-whites-to-be-arrested-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\">disparate number of African-Americans\u003c/a> and was rocked by several racially charged scandals in 2015, including the exposure of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">racist text messages\u003c/a> sent by a group of officers advocating violence against black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/10/hundreds-at-meeting-call-for-suhrs-ouster-after-fatal-police-shooting\" target=\"_blank\">sustained calls\u003c/a> for Police Chief Greg Suhr's ouster, and activists plan to protest Lee's inauguration on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The shooting of Mario Woods has for many residents shaken the trust in this city’s Police Department,\" Chief Greg Suhr said during a Police Commission meeting Wednesday night. \"We understand that we do need to do everything we can do to prevent this from occurring again, including reviewing all policies and procedures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Suhr and Lee mentioned several efforts already underway. The department recently purchased 54 40mm munitions launchers and 540 impact \"sponge\" rounds for the weapons, according to city purchasing documents. The department is still researching how riot shields could help officers isolate and disarm suspects carrying knives, Suhr said. He and the mayor are also calling for a pilot of electronic stun guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers are now \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/crime/article/San-Francisco-police-change-gun-policy-in-wake-of-6702064.php\" target=\"_blank\">required to report\u003c/a> whenever they point a firearm at someone as a use of force, and there are efforts underway to expand training around implicit bias, cultural competency and crisis intervention, according to the Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the \u003ca href=\"http://sf-police.org/index.aspx?recordid=1411&page=3763\" target=\"_blank\">changes grew out of meeting\u003c/a>s with the SFPD's African-American Advisory Forum, which has been meeting since May of last year on policing issues affecting San Francisco's black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has also made two bids for federal guidance and is joining a national police research organization's efforts to \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.policeforum.org/assets/reengineeringtraining1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">re-engineer training around police use of force\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr requested last week that the department launch a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=2807\" target=\"_blank\">collaborative reform review\u003c/a>\" with the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a completely independent review,\" Suhr said. \"We’ve invited them in to look at everything we do and make recommendations as to how we can be the best department we can be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee directed the department to join the White House's \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/10/27/police-data-initiative-5-month-update\" target=\"_blank\">Police Data Initiative\u003c/a>, which is collecting criminal justice statistics from \u003ca href=\"http://publicsafetydataportal.org/participating-agencies/\" target=\"_blank\">29 police departments\u003c/a> around the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Police Commission President Suzy Loftus will join Suhr, a contingent of SFPD brass and city leaders on a trip to Washington, D.C., next week to collect recommendations from the Police Executive Research Forum on changing police use-of-force practices nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we’re opening up this conversation of our use-of-force policies -- and PERF is helping us look at those -- there’s actually something much bigger happening, which is this question of, 'Is how we’re doing this at all the best way to do it?' \" Loftus said. \"We’re bringing in experts, because it is something that is of concern to all of us. We want to keep everybody safe. We want to do this right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loftus said groups of two or three police commissioners will also host a series of community meetings throughout the city this month to collect public input in time for the mayor's deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some commissioners said they were concerned with such a speedy timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m just wondering whether we can get this done by Feb. 15,\" Commissioner Victor Hwang said. \"I know the mayor wants to have something done, but it’s not something we can just fix by throwing money at it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioner Joe Marshall said he's committed to changing any policy that would justify the Mario Woods shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are on a fast track here, and my only concern is I want to do it right,\" he said. \"Doing it fast and doing it right -- it’s one or the other, so we have to make sure we do both. We gotta do it quickly and we gotta do it right.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"letter\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Read the mayor's letter below. See SFPD's list of changes implemented and underway \u003ca href=\"http://sf-police.org/index.aspx?recordid=1411&page=3763\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[scribd id=294851874 key=key-DHvUCHSHuXOaVF1TFb2R mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ted Goldberg of KQED News contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee has set a Feb. 15 deadline for city law enforcement leadership to deliver \"any reforms that require new laws or expenditures,\" as the Police Department and Police Commission launch multiple efforts examining use-of-force and training policies following the deadly shooting of Mario Woods last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor sent a \u003ca href=\"#letter\">letter\u003c/a> to the city's Board of Supervisors Wednesday urging quick changes to create \"a city where no preventable officer-involved shootings occur and where every community feels respected, justly treated and safer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing\" target=\"_blank\">Bystander video\u003c/a> captured a large group of officers with guns drawn surrounding Woods, a 26-year-old black man, in San Francisco's Bayview district on Dec. 2. \u003ca href=\"http://sf-police.org/index.aspx?recordid=1396&page=3763\" target=\"_blank\">Police say\u003c/a> Woods had a knife and was suspected of stabbing someone earlier that day. They say Woods didn't comply with commands to drop the knife and didn't respond to pepper spray or multiple barrages of \"less lethal\" impact rounds. As he began to walk away from the largest group of police, an officer stepped into his path, and five officers fired, according to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/11/mario-woods-mother-suing-san-francisco-amid-calls-for-police-chiefs-resignation\" target=\"_blank\">Attorneys for Woods' family\u003c/a>, who have examined his body, say he appears to have been shot approximately 20 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The shooting has galvanized long-standing criticism of racial bias in the San Francisco Police Department. SFPD arrests a highly \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/22/report-african-american-adults-seven-times-as-likely-as-whites-to-be-arrested-in-san-francisco\" target=\"_blank\">disparate number of African-Americans\u003c/a> and was rocked by several racially charged scandals in 2015, including the exposure of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">racist text messages\u003c/a> sent by a group of officers advocating violence against black people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/10/hundreds-at-meeting-call-for-suhrs-ouster-after-fatal-police-shooting\" target=\"_blank\">sustained calls\u003c/a> for Police Chief Greg Suhr's ouster, and activists plan to protest Lee's inauguration on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The shooting of Mario Woods has for many residents shaken the trust in this city’s Police Department,\" Chief Greg Suhr said during a Police Commission meeting Wednesday night. \"We understand that we do need to do everything we can do to prevent this from occurring again, including reviewing all policies and procedures.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Suhr and Lee mentioned several efforts already underway. The department recently purchased 54 40mm munitions launchers and 540 impact \"sponge\" rounds for the weapons, according to city purchasing documents. The department is still researching how riot shields could help officers isolate and disarm suspects carrying knives, Suhr said. He and the mayor are also calling for a pilot of electronic stun guns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officers are now \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/crime/article/San-Francisco-police-change-gun-policy-in-wake-of-6702064.php\" target=\"_blank\">required to report\u003c/a> whenever they point a firearm at someone as a use of force, and there are efforts underway to expand training around implicit bias, cultural competency and crisis intervention, according to the Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the \u003ca href=\"http://sf-police.org/index.aspx?recordid=1411&page=3763\" target=\"_blank\">changes grew out of meeting\u003c/a>s with the SFPD's African-American Advisory Forum, which has been meeting since May of last year on policing issues affecting San Francisco's black community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has also made two bids for federal guidance and is joining a national police research organization's efforts to \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.policeforum.org/assets/reengineeringtraining1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">re-engineer training around police use of force\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suhr requested last week that the department launch a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/Default.asp?Item=2807\" target=\"_blank\">collaborative reform review\u003c/a>\" with the U.S. Department of Justice Office of Community Oriented Policing Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a completely independent review,\" Suhr said. \"We’ve invited them in to look at everything we do and make recommendations as to how we can be the best department we can be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee directed the department to join the White House's \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2015/10/27/police-data-initiative-5-month-update\" target=\"_blank\">Police Data Initiative\u003c/a>, which is collecting criminal justice statistics from \u003ca href=\"http://publicsafetydataportal.org/participating-agencies/\" target=\"_blank\">29 police departments\u003c/a> around the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Police Commission President Suzy Loftus will join Suhr, a contingent of SFPD brass and city leaders on a trip to Washington, D.C., next week to collect recommendations from the Police Executive Research Forum on changing police use-of-force practices nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we’re opening up this conversation of our use-of-force policies -- and PERF is helping us look at those -- there’s actually something much bigger happening, which is this question of, 'Is how we’re doing this at all the best way to do it?' \" Loftus said. \"We’re bringing in experts, because it is something that is of concern to all of us. We want to keep everybody safe. We want to do this right.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loftus said groups of two or three police commissioners will also host a series of community meetings throughout the city this month to collect public input in time for the mayor's deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some commissioners said they were concerned with such a speedy timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m just wondering whether we can get this done by Feb. 15,\" Commissioner Victor Hwang said. \"I know the mayor wants to have something done, but it’s not something we can just fix by throwing money at it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Commissioner Joe Marshall said he's committed to changing any policy that would justify the Mario Woods shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are on a fast track here, and my only concern is I want to do it right,\" he said. \"Doing it fast and doing it right -- it’s one or the other, so we have to make sure we do both. We gotta do it quickly and we gotta do it right.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003ca name=\"letter\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Read the mayor's letter below. See SFPD's list of changes implemented and underway \u003ca href=\"http://sf-police.org/index.aspx?recordid=1411&page=3763\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\"\n src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/294851874/content?start_page=1&view_mode=&access_key=key-DHvUCHSHuXOaVF1TFb2R\"\n title=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/294851874\"\n data-auto-height=\"true\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"scribd_294851874\"\n width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n \u003ca class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__scribdShortcode__scribd_footer\"\n href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/294851874\"\n target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View this document on Scribd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Ted Goldberg of KQED News contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California's legislative analyst and finance director estimate that legalizing marijuana for recreational use could net as much as $1 billion in new tax revenue for the state and local governments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finance Director Michael Cohen and Legislative Analyst Mac Taylor produced the estimate based on the provisions of the leading pot legalization initiative proposed for the November ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MQBXPR24J4V6pQsmm5a9cwYZwMY7nJ5A\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative's backers — a coalition spearheaded by former Facebook president Sean Parker that includes advocacy groups and entrepreneurs — were cleared on Wednesday to start collecting the 365,880 signatures needed to qualify the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They say they have already raised $1.25 million to jumpstart the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor and Cohen note that the initiative would direct most taxes on marijuana sales and production to covering the state's regulation costs, research on legalization's effects, substance abuse treatment and other related purposes.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Chipotle Faces Criminal Investigation Into Its Handling of Norovirus Outbreak",
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"content": "\u003cp>Already reeling from a series of food-borne-illness outbreaks, Chipotle Mexican Grill now faces a federal criminal investigation as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it has received a subpoena from a federal grand jury in connection with a norovirus outbreak last fall at one of its California restaurants in Simi Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, 189 customers were sickened after visiting the restaurant, as well as 18 Chipotle employees, according to Doug Beach, manager of the Community Services Program at the Ventura County Environmental Health Department, in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant was briefly closed by the company and then reopened after it had been \"washed down,\" Beach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/\" target=\"_blank\">Norovirus\u003c/a> is a very common illness that causes stomach cramps, diarrhea and vomiting and is spread by casual contact or by eating contaminated food, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subpoena was disclosed in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1058090/000105809016000049/cmg-20160106x8k.htm\" target=\"_blank\">a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission\u003c/a>. It said the company has been required to produce \"a broad range of documents\" in connection with the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials were also questioned in October by U.S. authorities, who asked \"very general questions about the case,\" Beach said. He said he was not aware of any activities by Chipotle that might have led to a criminal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"VtyDRl6pRb04W16N11NcKBgJvqGijQtJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiptole said it is cooperating fully with the investigation, which has been jointly carried out by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Central District of California and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Office of Criminal Investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significance of the subpoena is hard to gauge at this point, said Daniel C. Richman, professor of law at Columbia University:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It's never good news for a company when federal prosecutors open a grand jury investigation into its operations, but it's far too early to tell how sustained that interest will be here and what, if any, criminal violations will come to light.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>One of the most successful restaurant chains in the country, Chipotle has seen its revenue and stock price plunge in recent months. The company revealed today that its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/BT-CO-20160106-706041\" target=\"_blank\">same-store sales fell\u003c/a> 14.6 percent during the fourth quarter of 2015, a bigger drop than anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline followed a series of outbreaks of food illness that have sickened hundreds of people. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/05/461925691/after-chipotle-outbreaks-will-food-with-integrity-still-resonate\" target=\"_blank\">As NPR's The Salt blog previously reported\u003c/a>, these included two separate outbreaks of \u003cem>E.coli\u003c/em> in the past several months:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The larger one sickened 52 people in October, mostly in Washington and Oregon, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2015/O26-11-15/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. A separate outbreak in November sickened five people in Kansas, North Dakota and Oklahoma, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In December, scores of students at Boston College \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/2015/12/10/chipotle-sickness-practices\" target=\"_blank\">fell ill\u003c/a> after eating at a nearby Chipotle, an outbreak the company said was due to a norovirus, which causes vomiting, nausea and diarrhea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And in August, a salmonella outbreak in Minnesota sickened 64 people who had eaten at Chipotle. The state's Department of Health later linked the illness to \u003ca href=\"http://www.health.state.mn.us/news/pressrel/2015/salmonella091615.html\" target=\"_blank\">tomatoes served at the chain\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Chipotle \u003ca href=\"http://chipotle.com/founderletter\" target=\"_blank\">has apologized\u003c/a> to its customers and closed restaurants where the illnesses occurred. It has also promised extensive changes to its food-handling procedures and enhanced training of its employees in food safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subpoena was disclosed in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1058090/000105809016000049/cmg-20160106x8k.htm\" target=\"_blank\">a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission\u003c/a>. It said the company has been required to produce \"a broad range of documents\" in connection with the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials were also questioned in October by U.S. authorities, who asked \"very general questions about the case,\" Beach said. He said he was not aware of any activities by Chipotle that might have led to a criminal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiptole said it is cooperating fully with the investigation, which has been jointly carried out by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Central District of California and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Office of Criminal Investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significance of the subpoena is hard to gauge at this point, said Daniel C. Richman, professor of law at Columbia University:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It's never good news for a company when federal prosecutors open a grand jury investigation into its operations, but it's far too early to tell how sustained that interest will be here and what, if any, criminal violations will come to light.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>One of the most successful restaurant chains in the country, Chipotle has seen its revenue and stock price plunge in recent months. The company revealed today that its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/BT-CO-20160106-706041\" target=\"_blank\">same-store sales fell\u003c/a> 14.6 percent during the fourth quarter of 2015, a bigger drop than anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline followed a series of outbreaks of food illness that have sickened hundreds of people. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/05/461925691/after-chipotle-outbreaks-will-food-with-integrity-still-resonate\" target=\"_blank\">As NPR's The Salt blog previously reported\u003c/a>, these included two separate outbreaks of \u003cem>E.coli\u003c/em> in the past several months:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The larger one sickened 52 people in October, mostly in Washington and Oregon, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2015/O26-11-15/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. A separate outbreak in November sickened five people in Kansas, North Dakota and Oklahoma, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In December, scores of students at Boston College \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/2015/12/10/chipotle-sickness-practices\" target=\"_blank\">fell ill\u003c/a> after eating at a nearby Chipotle, an outbreak the company said was due to a norovirus, which causes vomiting, nausea and diarrhea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And in August, a salmonella outbreak in Minnesota sickened 64 people who had eaten at Chipotle. The state's Department of Health later linked the illness to \u003ca href=\"http://www.health.state.mn.us/news/pressrel/2015/salmonella091615.html\" target=\"_blank\">tomatoes served at the chain\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Chipotle \u003ca href=\"http://chipotle.com/founderletter\" target=\"_blank\">has apologized\u003c/a> to its customers and closed restaurants where the illnesses occurred. It has also promised extensive changes to its food-handling procedures and enhanced training of its employees in food safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Advocates See Hope for California Criminal Sentencing Reform in 2016",
"title": "Advocates See Hope for California Criminal Sentencing Reform in 2016",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's been a dramatic few years for California's criminal justice system -- voters and lawmakers have approved a slew of changes since 2011, including measures that \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_36,_Changes_in_the_%22Three_Strikes%22_Law_(2012)\" target=\"_blank\">softened the state's harsh three strikes law\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/22/proposition-47-gives-former-felons-a-new-chance\" target=\"_blank\">shrunk penalties for nonviolent crimes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, advocates pushing those types of reforms are hoping that recent comments by Gov. Jerry Brown have opened the door to even more sweeping changes. They're optimistic that state leaders may be willing to rethink California's entire criminal sentencing structure, which last underwent an overhaul when Brown was in the statehouse three decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240663276\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Kruggel is director of organizing for \u003ca href=\"http://www.picocalifornia.org/\" target=\"_blank\">PICO California\u003c/a>, an interfaith network that helped push 2015's \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_47,_Reduced_Penalties_for_Some_Crimes_Initiative_(2014)\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 47\u003c/a>, which made most nonviolent drug crimes misdemeanors instead of felonies and has helped shrink jail populations around the state. He said faith leaders hope 2016 will be a \"year of mercy\" in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3XNMs8up0s87XxykA1TVo6SaNIObisx4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> think we are seeing an unprecedented shift in public opinion and the willingness to shift the landscape of criminal justice,\" Kruggel said. \"W\u003c/span>e think we really need to re-evaluate what is the purpose of our criminal justice system, what is the purpose of sentencing. And it should be public safety, and it should at its heart focus on the restoration of community, the restoration of the victim and the restoration of the offender.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Brown pushed a policy known as prison realignment in 2011, a major change that shifted many nonviolent offenders' sentences from overcrowded state prisons to county jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kruggel said advocates of reform have hope not only because of Brown's leadership in 2011, but also because of the governor's rhetoric over the past year -- first in his State of the State address, then this fall in several messages accompanying his veto of bills that sought to create new crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10803171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10803171\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"Jerry Brown has indicated he would be willing to rethink the state's sentencing law. \" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-800x557.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-400x278.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-768x534.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-1440x1002.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-1180x821.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-960x668.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerry Brown has indicated he would be willing to rethink the state's sentencing law. \u003ccite>(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Over the last several decades, California's criminal code has grown to more than 5,000 separate provisions, covering almost every conceivable form of human misbehavior. During the same period, our jail and prison populations have exploded,\" the governor wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_347_Veto_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">an Oct. 3 veto message\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before we keep going down this road, I think we should pause and reflect on how our system of criminal justice could be made more human, more just and more cost-effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly that means would be largely up to lawmakers and voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was governor the last time the state made \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">major changes to the way it handed down punishment for criminal offenders. In 1977, California enacted \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/victim_services/sentencing.html\" target=\"_blank\">determinate sentencing\u003c/a>,\" offering \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">judges three options for each crime -- a low, medium or high number of years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was seen at the time as a way to make things more transparent and fair, says Barry Krisberg, a criminal justice expert and visiting scholar at UC Berkeley's Institute for the Study of Societal Issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think we should pause and reflect on how our system of criminal justice could be made more human, more just and more cost-effective.'\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At the time, sentences were so broad that victims and offenders left the courtroom with no idea of how long someone would actually serve -- that decision was left up to a parole board, Krisberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The typical sentence back then was a minimum term to a life sentence,\" he said. \"There was a lot of concern as to the arbitrary and capricious nature of those parole board hearings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since then, the Legislature and voters piled on enhancements -- tougher penalties that allow a prosecutor to seek more prison time for each crime, Krisberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has left district attorneys with a lot of power to pressure defendants into plea deals, he argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ninety-five percent of cases are resolved through plea bargains. The television drama where the person is convicted in a courtroom and a judge pronounces a sentence is pretty rare,\" Krisberg said. \"The big trend here has been a significant and dramatic increase in the power of district attorneys in the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Tamisha Walker, who pleaded guilty to arson in 2007. The plea left her with a strike on her record and a felony that made it impossible to find traditional work -- but Walker says she felt forced to take the plea deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qhPJWiZjT8fKzIskXr6vbp8MlPsF10vk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt like I had a good chance of beating the charges,\" she said. But then her public defender told her the minimum term for the charge was 10 years. “And I was like, if that’s the minimum, hell, what’s the maximum -- this is the first offense here? It was really scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Walker works at a faith-based organization in Contra Costa, working to improve life for people like her who used to be behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists like her hope 2016 might be the year that Sacramento is finally ready to rethink those harsh minimums -- particularly because \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one of the state’s major determinate sentencing laws expires in 2017.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most prosecutors don’t think the sentencing system \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">needs\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> an overhaul but they’re open to the conversation, said Patrick McGrath, president of the California District Attorneys Association.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you’re not at the table, you are on the menu,\" McGrath said in explaining the position of prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DAs may not like all the criminal justice changes of recent years, but McGrath said they have to follow the law, and need to listen to what the public -- their client -- is saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Things go back and forth like a pendulum, and right now our client seems to be saying what they want to do is they want to emphasize rehabilitation, and they want to move away from punishment,\" he said. \"I don't think I can really classify it as good or bad. It is what it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly what any reform would look like is still up for debate. Even if there’s support in the Legislature, many sentencing enhancements would need to be changed by voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krisberg said the best way to ensure a fair, smart sentencing structure would be to create a sentencing commission -- something that, in the past, prosecutors have fought bitterly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more likely scenario, Krisberg says, is incremental changes like the ones we’ve already seen at the Capitol and ballot box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the most important thing for me is moving back towards a system of sentencing people, not penal code numbers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he warned, it remains to be seen whether lawmakers are willing to do even that.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's been a dramatic few years for California's criminal justice system -- voters and lawmakers have approved a slew of changes since 2011, including measures that \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_36,_Changes_in_the_%22Three_Strikes%22_Law_(2012)\" target=\"_blank\">softened the state's harsh three strikes law\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/22/proposition-47-gives-former-felons-a-new-chance\" target=\"_blank\">shrunk penalties for nonviolent crimes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, advocates pushing those types of reforms are hoping that recent comments by Gov. Jerry Brown have opened the door to even more sweeping changes. They're optimistic that state leaders may be willing to rethink California's entire criminal sentencing structure, which last underwent an overhaul when Brown was in the statehouse three decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240663276&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240663276'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adam Kruggel is director of organizing for \u003ca href=\"http://www.picocalifornia.org/\" target=\"_blank\">PICO California\u003c/a>, an interfaith network that helped push 2015's \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_47,_Reduced_Penalties_for_Some_Crimes_Initiative_(2014)\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 47\u003c/a>, which made most nonviolent drug crimes misdemeanors instead of felonies and has helped shrink jail populations around the state. He said faith leaders hope 2016 will be a \"year of mercy\" in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> think we are seeing an unprecedented shift in public opinion and the willingness to shift the landscape of criminal justice,\" Kruggel said. \"W\u003c/span>e think we really need to re-evaluate what is the purpose of our criminal justice system, what is the purpose of sentencing. And it should be public safety, and it should at its heart focus on the restoration of community, the restoration of the victim and the restoration of the offender.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Brown pushed a policy known as prison realignment in 2011, a major change that shifted many nonviolent offenders' sentences from overcrowded state prisons to county jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kruggel said advocates of reform have hope not only because of Brown's leadership in 2011, but also because of the governor's rhetoric over the past year -- first in his State of the State address, then this fall in several messages accompanying his veto of bills that sought to create new crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10803171\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10803171\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-800x557.jpg\" alt=\"Jerry Brown has indicated he would be willing to rethink the state's sentencing law. \" width=\"800\" height=\"557\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-800x557.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-400x278.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-768x534.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-1440x1002.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-1180x821.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/8309_transform-960x668.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerry Brown has indicated he would be willing to rethink the state's sentencing law. \u003ccite>(Kevork Djansezian/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Over the last several decades, California's criminal code has grown to more than 5,000 separate provisions, covering almost every conceivable form of human misbehavior. During the same period, our jail and prison populations have exploded,\" the governor wrote in \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/docs/SB_347_Veto_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">an Oct. 3 veto message\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before we keep going down this road, I think we should pause and reflect on how our system of criminal justice could be made more human, more just and more cost-effective.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly that means would be largely up to lawmakers and voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was governor the last time the state made \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">major changes to the way it handed down punishment for criminal offenders. In 1977, California enacted \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/victim_services/sentencing.html\" target=\"_blank\">determinate sentencing\u003c/a>,\" offering \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">judges three options for each crime -- a low, medium or high number of years.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was seen at the time as a way to make things more transparent and fair, says Barry Krisberg, a criminal justice expert and visiting scholar at UC Berkeley's Institute for the Study of Societal Issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think we should pause and reflect on how our system of criminal justice could be made more human, more just and more cost-effective.'\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At the time, sentences were so broad that victims and offenders left the courtroom with no idea of how long someone would actually serve -- that decision was left up to a parole board, Krisberg says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The typical sentence back then was a minimum term to a life sentence,\" he said. \"There was a lot of concern as to the arbitrary and capricious nature of those parole board hearings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since then, the Legislature and voters piled on enhancements -- tougher penalties that allow a prosecutor to seek more prison time for each crime, Krisberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has left district attorneys with a lot of power to pressure defendants into plea deals, he argued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ninety-five percent of cases are resolved through plea bargains. The television drama where the person is convicted in a courtroom and a judge pronounces a sentence is pretty rare,\" Krisberg said. \"The big trend here has been a significant and dramatic increase in the power of district attorneys in the system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s what happened to Tamisha Walker, who pleaded guilty to arson in 2007. The plea left her with a strike on her record and a felony that made it impossible to find traditional work -- but Walker says she felt forced to take the plea deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I felt like I had a good chance of beating the charges,\" she said. But then her public defender told her the minimum term for the charge was 10 years. “And I was like, if that’s the minimum, hell, what’s the maximum -- this is the first offense here? It was really scary.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now Walker works at a faith-based organization in Contra Costa, working to improve life for people like her who used to be behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Activists like her hope 2016 might be the year that Sacramento is finally ready to rethink those harsh minimums -- particularly because \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one of the state’s major determinate sentencing laws expires in 2017.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most prosecutors don’t think the sentencing system \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">needs\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> an overhaul but they’re open to the conversation, said Patrick McGrath, president of the California District Attorneys Association.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you’re not at the table, you are on the menu,\" McGrath said in explaining the position of prosecutors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DAs may not like all the criminal justice changes of recent years, but McGrath said they have to follow the law, and need to listen to what the public -- their client -- is saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Things go back and forth like a pendulum, and right now our client seems to be saying what they want to do is they want to emphasize rehabilitation, and they want to move away from punishment,\" he said. \"I don't think I can really classify it as good or bad. It is what it is.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exactly what any reform would look like is still up for debate. Even if there’s support in the Legislature, many sentencing enhancements would need to be changed by voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krisberg said the best way to ensure a fair, smart sentencing structure would be to create a sentencing commission -- something that, in the past, prosecutors have fought bitterly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The more likely scenario, Krisberg says, is incremental changes like the ones we’ve already seen at the Capitol and ballot box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the most important thing for me is moving back towards a system of sentencing people, not penal code numbers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera is appealing a recent Superior Court decision preventing the city from firing or otherwise disciplining nine police officers who swapped bigoted text messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superior Court Judge Ernest Goldsmith \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/18/court-ruling-san-francisco-police-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">ruled Dec. 21\u003c/a> that the Police Department had allowed a one-year statute of limitations for disciplining peace officers to expire long before it began a personnel investigation into the racist, sexist, homophobic and \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/258662847/Government-Opposition-to-Furminger-Motion-for-Bail-Pending-Appeal\" target=\"_blank\">sometimes violent messages\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Herrera said in a prepared statement Tuesday that the court misread a provision of \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=gov&group=03001-04000&file=3300-3313\" target=\"_blank\">the law\u003c/a> allowing the time limit to pause while a criminal prosecution is pending. In this case, that's the federal criminal probe that led to convictions of former SFPD plainclothes Sgt. Ian Furminger and two of his subordinates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If affirmed, this decision would seriously jeopardize the ability of local and federal agencies to cooperate on future investigations into police misconduct in California,\" Herrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feds shared evidence from the Furminger investigation, including text messages seized from his personal cellphone, with a group of SFPD internal affairs investigators by late 2012, attorneys for the officers successfully argued in Superior Court. The SFPD did not pursue discipline until early 2015, a few months before a federal court filing in the Furminger case made a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/13/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\" target=\"_blank\">sampling of the offensive texts public\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldsmith ruled last month that the texts were unrelated to Furminger's crimes, and therefore were not exempt from the statute of limitations. In announcing the city's appeal, Herrera said Goldsmith ignored testimony from two former federal prosecutors who worked on the Furminger investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The decision held that a San Francisco police lieutenant was actually obliged to stop assisting with the Furminger investigation, turn over text messages obtained by search warrant from Furminger’s phone, and initiate an administrative investigation into other officers’ misconduct -- even in the face of sworn testimony by the U.S. Attorney’s Office that such an illegal use of confidential grand jury material would subject that lieutenant to criminal prosecution,\" Herrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some San Francisco criminal justice leaders have criticized the Police Department's agreement with federal prosecutors to keep the evidence secret and delay disciplining officers for the vulgar text messages. District Attorney George Gascón said the officers avoided discipline \"due to a massive breakdown in SFPD’s process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón's office is reviewing close to 4,000 cases in which the officers participated for potential bias that could overturn convictions. A spokesman said in late December that the office dismissed 13 pending cases in the wake of the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would like to see those officers not come back to the Police Department,\" Gascón told KQED Tuesday, adding that he supports the city attorney's appeal. \"The concern is we probably shouldn’t be here in the first place, but that is water under the bridge now, so I think that we need to move forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police Department leadership, including Police Chief Greg Suhr, have said the department followed protocol and rightly waited to pursue discipline to protect the Furminger criminal prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of the nine officers in the case face termination, although it's difficult to know exactly how many due to protections in the Peace Officers Bill of Rights that keep police personnel information secret and an expansive protective order issued in the Superior Court case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldsmith ordered all the officers placed on paid, rather than unpaid, leave last summer, where they remain according to one of the officer's attorneys. Alison Berry Wilkinson said the Superior Court case isn't over -- the officers will likely seek up to $25,000 each in civil penalties against the city, and so the appeal is premature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The city can’t figure out what the laws of California are,\" she told KQED Tuesday. \"They didn’t follow the statute of limitations, and they don’t follow the appeal rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkinson noted that the California Court of Appeal has already twice denied the city's requests to intervene in the Superior Court case.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco City Attorney Dennis Herrera is appealing a recent Superior Court decision preventing the city from firing or otherwise disciplining nine police officers who swapped bigoted text messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superior Court Judge Ernest Goldsmith \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/18/court-ruling-san-francisco-police-text-messaging-scandal\" target=\"_blank\">ruled Dec. 21\u003c/a> that the Police Department had allowed a one-year statute of limitations for disciplining peace officers to expire long before it began a personnel investigation into the racist, sexist, homophobic and \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/doc/258662847/Government-Opposition-to-Furminger-Motion-for-Bail-Pending-Appeal\" target=\"_blank\">sometimes violent messages\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Herrera said in a prepared statement Tuesday that the court misread a provision of \u003ca href=\"http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/cgi-bin/displaycode?section=gov&group=03001-04000&file=3300-3313\" target=\"_blank\">the law\u003c/a> allowing the time limit to pause while a criminal prosecution is pending. In this case, that's the federal criminal probe that led to convictions of former SFPD plainclothes Sgt. Ian Furminger and two of his subordinates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If affirmed, this decision would seriously jeopardize the ability of local and federal agencies to cooperate on future investigations into police misconduct in California,\" Herrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feds shared evidence from the Furminger investigation, including text messages seized from his personal cellphone, with a group of SFPD internal affairs investigators by late 2012, attorneys for the officers successfully argued in Superior Court. The SFPD did not pursue discipline until early 2015, a few months before a federal court filing in the Furminger case made a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/13/racist-texts-prompt-sfpd-internal-investigation\" target=\"_blank\">sampling of the offensive texts public\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldsmith ruled last month that the texts were unrelated to Furminger's crimes, and therefore were not exempt from the statute of limitations. In announcing the city's appeal, Herrera said Goldsmith ignored testimony from two former federal prosecutors who worked on the Furminger investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The decision held that a San Francisco police lieutenant was actually obliged to stop assisting with the Furminger investigation, turn over text messages obtained by search warrant from Furminger’s phone, and initiate an administrative investigation into other officers’ misconduct -- even in the face of sworn testimony by the U.S. Attorney’s Office that such an illegal use of confidential grand jury material would subject that lieutenant to criminal prosecution,\" Herrera said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some San Francisco criminal justice leaders have criticized the Police Department's agreement with federal prosecutors to keep the evidence secret and delay disciplining officers for the vulgar text messages. District Attorney George Gascón said the officers avoided discipline \"due to a massive breakdown in SFPD’s process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gascón's office is reviewing close to 4,000 cases in which the officers participated for potential bias that could overturn convictions. A spokesman said in late December that the office dismissed 13 pending cases in the wake of the scandal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would like to see those officers not come back to the Police Department,\" Gascón told KQED Tuesday, adding that he supports the city attorney's appeal. \"The concern is we probably shouldn’t be here in the first place, but that is water under the bridge now, so I think that we need to move forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police Department leadership, including Police Chief Greg Suhr, have said the department followed protocol and rightly waited to pursue discipline to protect the Furminger criminal prosecution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several of the nine officers in the case face termination, although it's difficult to know exactly how many due to protections in the Peace Officers Bill of Rights that keep police personnel information secret and an expansive protective order issued in the Superior Court case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldsmith ordered all the officers placed on paid, rather than unpaid, leave last summer, where they remain according to one of the officer's attorneys. Alison Berry Wilkinson said the Superior Court case isn't over -- the officers will likely seek up to $25,000 each in civil penalties against the city, and so the appeal is premature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The city can’t figure out what the laws of California are,\" she told KQED Tuesday. \"They didn’t follow the statute of limitations, and they don’t follow the appeal rules.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkinson noted that the California Court of Appeal has already twice denied the city's requests to intervene in the Superior Court case.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Authorities investigating the attack that killed 14 people last month in San Bernardino asked for the public's help Tuesday in filling out the timeline of the assailants' moves that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bowdich, the assistant director in charge of the FBI's Los Angeles office, said investigators have found no evidence that there were any targets other than the Inland Regional Center, where Syed Rizwan Farook, 28, and his wife, Tashfeen Malik, 29, opened fire Dec. 2 on a holiday luncheon gathering of Farook's co-workers in the county health agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators specifically need information about an 18-minute gap in the timeline between the deadly attack at the center and the pursuit and shootout in which both attackers were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pa5vGlb4UEk86Qts9NLvu1JMOgHs3ELl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowdich said investigators hope to find out if the assailants contacted anyone or stopped anywhere between 12:59 p.m. and 1:17 p.m. that day. The rest of their movements through the adjacent cities of San Bernardino and Redlands have been tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooters-movements-after-massacre-center-of-fbi-probe-20160105-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">According to the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>, investigators are still trying to understand the suspects' travels after the attack:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Bowdich said that investigators had been able to show that the couple drove back and forth within a large L-shape area after the shooting, stopping at a parking lot near the Inland Regional Center, where the shooting occurred, and at a nearby lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowdich said agents hadn't been able to determine why the couple drove around after the attack, but hope that filling in the 18 minutes could help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of zig-zagging around, going back and forth on the highway,\" he said of Farook and Malik. \"There is no rhyme or reason to it that we can find yet.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Bowdich urged anyone with information that could be relevant to the investigation, including video, to come forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting by the Associated Press. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Authorities investigating the attack that killed 14 people last month in San Bernardino asked for the public's help Tuesday in filling out the timeline of the assailants' moves that day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Bowdich, the assistant director in charge of the FBI's Los Angeles office, said investigators have found no evidence that there were any targets other than the Inland Regional Center, where Syed Rizwan Farook, 28, and his wife, Tashfeen Malik, 29, opened fire Dec. 2 on a holiday luncheon gathering of Farook's co-workers in the county health agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators specifically need information about an 18-minute gap in the timeline between the deadly attack at the center and the pursuit and shootout in which both attackers were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowdich said investigators hope to find out if the assailants contacted anyone or stopped anywhere between 12:59 p.m. and 1:17 p.m. that day. The rest of their movements through the adjacent cities of San Bernardino and Redlands have been tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooters-movements-after-massacre-center-of-fbi-probe-20160105-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">According to the Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>, investigators are still trying to understand the suspects' travels after the attack:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Bowdich said that investigators had been able to show that the couple drove back and forth within a large L-shape area after the shooting, stopping at a parking lot near the Inland Regional Center, where the shooting occurred, and at a nearby lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bowdich said agents hadn't been able to determine why the couple drove around after the attack, but hope that filling in the 18 minutes could help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of zig-zagging around, going back and forth on the highway,\" he said of Farook and Malik. \"There is no rhyme or reason to it that we can find yet.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Bowdich urged anyone with information that could be relevant to the investigation, including video, to come forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting by the Associated Press. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Court Greenlights Citizens United Ballot Question",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a 6-1 \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140711131432/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_1251-1300/sb_1272_bill_20140626_amended_asm_v94.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ruling\u003c/a>, the California Supreme Court on Monday said the state Legislature does have the authority to put advisory questions on the ballot. The ruling stems from a case involving \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_49,_Amendment_to_Overturn_Citizens_United_Ruling_Question_(2014)#cite_note-text-1\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 49\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2014 advisory measure would have asked California voters whether Congress should overturn the U.S. Supreme Court's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_v._FEC\" target=\"_blank\">Citizens United decision\u003c/a> on political spending. The court blocked the measure from that year's ballot while it decided whether advisory questions were legal. Monday's ruling clears the way for the Legislature to put the question on a future ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240536136\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Loyola Law School professor Jessica Levinson says the decision is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is the majority treading the middle ground, saying the Legislature can put nonbinding questions, advisory measures, on the ballot if there’s some connection between the question and legislative activity,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing for the majority, Justice Kathryn Werdegar said the Legislature can conduct investigations \"to inform the exercise of its other powers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in his dissent, Justice Ming Chin argued that lawmakers should not be permitted to “hijack the ballot to serve its own agenda.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levinson says voters should expect to see more advisory questions in the future. She points out they can be politically beneficial for legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lawmakers can go back to their constituents and say, 'I really care about what you think. In fact I even asked you a question on the ballot and I want to hear from you,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers would have to pass a new bill to put the question on the 2016 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California voters could be seeing more advisory questions on the ballot, thanks to a new state Supreme Court ruling.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a 6-1 \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20140711131432/http://www.leginfo.ca.gov/pub/13-14/bill/sen/sb_1251-1300/sb_1272_bill_20140626_amended_asm_v94.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ruling\u003c/a>, the California Supreme Court on Monday said the state Legislature does have the authority to put advisory questions on the ballot. The ruling stems from a case involving \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_49,_Amendment_to_Overturn_Citizens_United_Ruling_Question_(2014)#cite_note-text-1\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 49\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2014 advisory measure would have asked California voters whether Congress should overturn the U.S. Supreme Court's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizens_United_v._FEC\" target=\"_blank\">Citizens United decision\u003c/a> on political spending. The court blocked the measure from that year's ballot while it decided whether advisory questions were legal. Monday's ruling clears the way for the Legislature to put the question on a future ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240536136&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/240536136'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Loyola Law School professor Jessica Levinson says the decision is limited.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we have here is the majority treading the middle ground, saying the Legislature can put nonbinding questions, advisory measures, on the ballot if there’s some connection between the question and legislative activity,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Writing for the majority, Justice Kathryn Werdegar said the Legislature can conduct investigations \"to inform the exercise of its other powers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in his dissent, Justice Ming Chin argued that lawmakers should not be permitted to “hijack the ballot to serve its own agenda.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levinson says voters should expect to see more advisory questions in the future. She points out they can be politically beneficial for legislators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lawmakers can go back to their constituents and say, 'I really care about what you think. In fact I even asked you a question on the ballot and I want to hear from you,' \" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers would have to pass a new bill to put the question on the 2016 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Accusations of Deception Dominate 'Shrimp Boy' Trial Closing",
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"content": "\u003cp>Federal prosecutors looking to convict alleged San Francisco Chinatown crime boss Raymond \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/shrimp-boy\" target=\"_blank\">Shrimp Boy\u003c/a>\" Chow of murder and racketeering charges urged the jury to reject Chow's presentation as a reformed ex-con during the trial's closing arguments Monday, while his defense challenged deception employed by federal agents in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assistant U.S. Attorney Susan Badger argued that Chow applied lessons in duplicity that he learned from a previous federal racketeering conviction to distance himself from a wide-ranging criminal conspiracy as he rose to control organized crime in Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Raymond Chow would have you believe that he is the most misunderstood criminal in the world,\" Badger told the jury. \"Raymond Chow's been preparing for this defense since he was released from prison [in 2003].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chow's defense \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/27/motion-denied-court-drama-continues-in-shrimp-boy-case\" target=\"_blank\">argued\u003c/a> throughout the trial that their client was a victim of a relentless, several-year FBI investigation in which an undercover agent repeatedly offered to involve members of the Chinatown organization Chow headed -- the Chee Kung Tong -- in fabricated stolen goods and money-laundering deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Talking about this undercover officer, holy God,\" defense attorney Tony Serra told the jury. \"He can lie. He can misrepresent. He can say I love you over and over, I respect you over and over. Then he can turn around and bite you like a snake, bite you and coil you up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serra urged the jury to reject the FBI's tactics, prompting Judge Charles Breyer to interrupt his closing argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You cannot pass judgment as to the propriety of the undercover agent's tactics with respect to this case if they are legal,\" Breyer told the jury. \"The court has instructed you that an undercover agent may engage in illegal activities. That is deception.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/10/fbi-shrimp-boy-behind-s-f-chinatown-unrest-as-he-rose-to-power\" target=\"_blank\">argued throughout\u003c/a> the trial that Chow began plotting to take over the tongs in the early 2000s, and he cemented his power grab with the Feb. 27, 2006, assassination of another tong leader, Allen Leung.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was Raymond Chow who benefited the most from Allen Leung's murder,\" Badger said, noting that Chow then rose to dragon head of the Chee Kung Tong in August 2006. \"Six months later, Raymond Chow had the power, the position and the respect. He established himself in Chinatown. Allen Leung was out of the way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of Chow's former associates testified during the trial that he ordered Leung killed. Chow is also charged with conspiring to kill Chinatown rival Jim Tat Kong in 2011 and 2012, and other alleged former associates testified to the rivalry and Chow's order to \"take care of Jimmy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense attorney Serra urged the jury to discount the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/12/shrimp-boy-defense-tries-to-discredit-testimony-linking-chow-to-murders\" target=\"_blank\">testimony\u003c/a> of all the government's witnesses hoping for a lighter sentence in exchange for their cooperation, noting that both murder counts were added to Chow's indictment shortly before the trial's start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They knew they were going to lose, and they invested all of this money in a case where their trophy was going to walk,\" Serra said of the prosecution. \"They went to the toilet and they scraped the bowl and they came up with five or six or seven scumbags, and then it turned into a murder case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Badger said among the lessons Chow learned from his previous conviction was to feign ignorance of the crimes carried out by his associates, but he took kickbacks from his crew, she said, and dozens of thousand-dollar payments from the undercover agent using the name David Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Raymond Chow did what any high-ranking member of a gangster racketeering organization does,\" Badger said. \"He connected David Jordan ... gave his blessing. His associates started working, engaging in a wide range of crimes with David Jordan, and Chow was the shot caller.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors have over the course of the two-month trial sought to prove Chow's \"deliberate ignorance\" of hundreds of money-laundering and illicit liquor and cigarette transactions, mostly initiated by the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chow's defense attorneys argue that while Chow took money from the agent, he never knew where it came from and consistently denied any interest in crimes on FBI phone and wire recordings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Raymond Chow is a man who says one thing but means another,\" Badger said. \"He says, 'No, no, no. No I can’t take that money,' but he took it every time. This is the man who asks you to believe him. He is not the victim here. He is not the world's most misunderstood criminal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense closing arguments are expected to conclude Tuesday. Then jury deliberations begin.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Prosecution urges jury to reject arguments that Raymond Chow swore off a life of crime. Defense attacks undercover FBI tactics in the case.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Federal prosecutors looking to convict alleged San Francisco Chinatown crime boss Raymond \"\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/shrimp-boy\" target=\"_blank\">Shrimp Boy\u003c/a>\" Chow of murder and racketeering charges urged the jury to reject Chow's presentation as a reformed ex-con during the trial's closing arguments Monday, while his defense challenged deception employed by federal agents in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assistant U.S. Attorney Susan Badger argued that Chow applied lessons in duplicity that he learned from a previous federal racketeering conviction to distance himself from a wide-ranging criminal conspiracy as he rose to control organized crime in Chinatown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Raymond Chow would have you believe that he is the most misunderstood criminal in the world,\" Badger told the jury. \"Raymond Chow's been preparing for this defense since he was released from prison [in 2003].\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chow's defense \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/27/motion-denied-court-drama-continues-in-shrimp-boy-case\" target=\"_blank\">argued\u003c/a> throughout the trial that their client was a victim of a relentless, several-year FBI investigation in which an undercover agent repeatedly offered to involve members of the Chinatown organization Chow headed -- the Chee Kung Tong -- in fabricated stolen goods and money-laundering deals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Talking about this undercover officer, holy God,\" defense attorney Tony Serra told the jury. \"He can lie. He can misrepresent. He can say I love you over and over, I respect you over and over. Then he can turn around and bite you like a snake, bite you and coil you up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serra urged the jury to reject the FBI's tactics, prompting Judge Charles Breyer to interrupt his closing argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You cannot pass judgment as to the propriety of the undercover agent's tactics with respect to this case if they are legal,\" Breyer told the jury. \"The court has instructed you that an undercover agent may engage in illegal activities. That is deception.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/10/fbi-shrimp-boy-behind-s-f-chinatown-unrest-as-he-rose-to-power\" target=\"_blank\">argued throughout\u003c/a> the trial that Chow began plotting to take over the tongs in the early 2000s, and he cemented his power grab with the Feb. 27, 2006, assassination of another tong leader, Allen Leung.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was Raymond Chow who benefited the most from Allen Leung's murder,\" Badger said, noting that Chow then rose to dragon head of the Chee Kung Tong in August 2006. \"Six months later, Raymond Chow had the power, the position and the respect. He established himself in Chinatown. Allen Leung was out of the way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of Chow's former associates testified during the trial that he ordered Leung killed. Chow is also charged with conspiring to kill Chinatown rival Jim Tat Kong in 2011 and 2012, and other alleged former associates testified to the rivalry and Chow's order to \"take care of Jimmy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense attorney Serra urged the jury to discount the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/11/12/shrimp-boy-defense-tries-to-discredit-testimony-linking-chow-to-murders\" target=\"_blank\">testimony\u003c/a> of all the government's witnesses hoping for a lighter sentence in exchange for their cooperation, noting that both murder counts were added to Chow's indictment shortly before the trial's start.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They knew they were going to lose, and they invested all of this money in a case where their trophy was going to walk,\" Serra said of the prosecution. \"They went to the toilet and they scraped the bowl and they came up with five or six or seven scumbags, and then it turned into a murder case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Badger said among the lessons Chow learned from his previous conviction was to feign ignorance of the crimes carried out by his associates, but he took kickbacks from his crew, she said, and dozens of thousand-dollar payments from the undercover agent using the name David Jordan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Raymond Chow did what any high-ranking member of a gangster racketeering organization does,\" Badger said. \"He connected David Jordan ... gave his blessing. His associates started working, engaging in a wide range of crimes with David Jordan, and Chow was the shot caller.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors have over the course of the two-month trial sought to prove Chow's \"deliberate ignorance\" of hundreds of money-laundering and illicit liquor and cigarette transactions, mostly initiated by the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chow's defense attorneys argue that while Chow took money from the agent, he never knew where it came from and consistently denied any interest in crimes on FBI phone and wire recordings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Raymond Chow is a man who says one thing but means another,\" Badger said. \"He says, 'No, no, no. No I can’t take that money,' but he took it every time. This is the man who asks you to believe him. He is not the victim here. He is not the world's most misunderstood criminal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defense closing arguments are expected to conclude Tuesday. Then jury deliberations begin.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon",
"title": "Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A self-styled militia in eastern Oregon grabbed national headlines Saturday when members \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">broke into the headquarters\u003c/a> of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. There the armed group remained on Sunday, occupying the federal building in protest of what it sees as government overreach on rangelands throughout the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XcIaAmFxDkwflyDRsRypGh8WuShMTkJe\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand in defense,\" Ammon Bundy, the group's apparent leader and spokesman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">told Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>. \"And when the time is right, we will begin to defend the people of Harney County, [Oregon], in using the land and the resources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon's brother, Ryan, has reportedly used harsher rhetoric, saying members of the militia are willing to kill or be killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/IanKullgren/status/683524884484390912\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their last name may ring a bell. Ammon and Ryan Bundy are sons of rancher Cliven Bundy, who notably \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">took part in an armed standoff\u003c/a> with the federal Bureau of Land Management, or BLM, in Nevada in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon Bundy now is part of a group of 15 to 150 people — \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militiamen-break-into-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge-building/\">depending on which source you believe\u003c/a> — who are protesting the arson convictions of two Oregon ranchers, Dwight Hammond Jr. and his son, Steven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>why \u003c/em>exactly are a Nevada rancher's son and his supporters taking up the cause of two guys from Oregon? What is the source of the continued friction between many ranchers and the federal government? What does a 20-year-old terrorist attack in Oklahoma City have to do with all of it?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Background\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The situation began, in some ways, in the decades following the Civil War. The 1862 Homestead Act granted 160 acres of land to the people willing to settle it. Ranchers in some regions needed far more land than that to be profitable. They eventually began to pay grazing fees for the right to lease federal land — if they agreed to federal oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/461831737/461841372\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you are using somebody else's land for your livelihood, that puts you in a very dependent relationship,\" Paul Starrs, a geography professor at the University of Nevada, Reno, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/30/307960343/ranchers-conflict-with-grazing-fees-began-decades-ago\">told NPR's Ted Robbins\u003c/a> in 2014. \"And livestock ranchers are, in my experience, pretty savvy people. And they don't like that uncertainty. Nobody really likes uncertainty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some ranchers have strongly objected to the government's management of federal lands, especially over issues of water or environmental conservation, and to the terms of their leases. Cliven Bundy, for his part, grazed his cattle on federal lands and refused to pay grazing fees. The government \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">still hasn't collected the more than $1 million he owes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tension is heightened by how much land the federal government continues to own in the Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YYiqiugnaq6ydNcKqZyfXmTKNTC5Vm8y\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf\">the Congressional Research Service\u003c/a>, in Nevada the U.S. owned more than 81 percent of the land in the state in 2010. In Oregon, that number hovered right around half — 53 percent of the land, more than 30 million acres of which were administered by either the BLM or the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact is, it's a paradox being a rugged individualist dependent on the government — unless you're John Wayne,\" Robbins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a paradox that Dwight and Steven Hammond chafed at for decades — and one that drew them off the ranch and into the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Hammonds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The animus harbored by the two Hammond men for federal land agencies dates back decades. Both reportedly were arrested for obstructing federal officials in 1994 — in protest of which \"nearly 500 incensed ranchers showed up at a rally in Burns,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcn.org/issues/20/582\">according to High Country News\u003c/a>. But even before that, the Hammonds bristled at the authority of managers of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Dwight] Hammond allegedly made death threats against previous managers in 1986 and 1988 and against [Forrest] Cameron, the current manager, in 1991 and again this year,\" High Country News reported in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeds of the current situation were sown in 2001 and 2006. In both those years, the U.S. government said the Hammonds set fires that spread onto land managed by the BLM. The 2001 blaze burned 139 acres of public land, according to court documents; the 2006 fire — for which only Steven was convicted — burned an additional acre of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arson convictions for both father and son were handed down in 2012. Much of the dispute in the years afterward — including, eventually, this weekend's armed occupation — revolves around the sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ132/html/PLAW-104publ132.htm\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996\u003c/a>, which increased the penalties for arson committed against federal property, the mandatory minimum punishment for such crimes was upped to five years in federal prison. The law, which was passed in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, struck the judge presiding over the sentencing as too harsh — and off-base in this instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just would not be — would not meet any idea I have of justice, proportionality,\" U.S. District Judge Michael R. Hogan \u003ca href=\"http://landrights.org/or/Hammond/Transcript%20of%20Judges%20ruling.pdf\">said at the sentencing\u003c/a>. \"I am not supposed to use the word 'fairness' in criminal law. I know that I had a criminal law professor a long time ago yell at me for doing that. And I don't do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But this — it would be a sentence which would shock the conscience to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Hogan sentenced Dwight Hammond Jr. to three months of prison, and Steven Hammond to a year and one day. The federal government wanted the full five years, appealing the shorter sentences and eventually \u003ca href=\"http://www.landrights.org/or/Hammond/Hammonds%20Appeal%209th%20district%20court.pdf\">winning that appeal\u003c/a> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even a fire in a remote area has the potential to spread to more populated areas, threaten local property and residents, or endanger the firefighters called to battle the blaze,\" District Judge Stephen J. Murphy wrote in the appellate court's opinion. \"Given the seriousness of arson, a five-year sentence is not grossly disproportionate to the offense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original sentences were remanded, and the Hammonds were sentenced to five years in prison. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ff-militia-oregon-20160103-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hammonds surrendered\u003c/a> to prison authorities on Monday in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's Next?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whatever their continued friction with federal officials, the Hammonds have not publicly condoned the self-styled militia members who claim to be interceding on their behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Hammonds' attorney has previously stated the militiamen showing up in Burns do not represent the ranchers,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/burns-oregon-standoff-militia/\">Oregon Public Broadcasting reports\u003c/a>, noting that many locals in Burns have also received the out-of-towners warily — with several \"Militia Go Home\" fliers posted throughout the town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/amandapeacher/status/683741037207007232\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Cliven Bundy, Ammon's father, expressed his hesitation over the protests. \"I don't quite understand how much they're going to accomplish,\" Bundy told OPB. \"I think of it this way: What business does the Bundy family have in Harney County, Oregon?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, that has not dissuaded Ammon Bundy or the group with which he's holed up in the Malheur refuge headquarters. At a press conference there, Bundy said his plan may take \"several months at the shortest to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday, law enforcement \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">had not attempted\u003c/a> to remove the armed group from the federal building, OPB reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Here's a primer on the 'paradox' behind the situation, the court case that gave it a spark -- and how the Oklahoma City bombing is involved.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A self-styled militia in eastern Oregon grabbed national headlines Saturday when members \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">broke into the headquarters\u003c/a> of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. There the armed group remained on Sunday, occupying the federal building in protest of what it sees as government overreach on rangelands throughout the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand in defense,\" Ammon Bundy, the group's apparent leader and spokesman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">told Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>. \"And when the time is right, we will begin to defend the people of Harney County, [Oregon], in using the land and the resources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon's brother, Ryan, has reportedly used harsher rhetoric, saying members of the militia are willing to kill or be killed.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their last name may ring a bell. Ammon and Ryan Bundy are sons of rancher Cliven Bundy, who notably \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">took part in an armed standoff\u003c/a> with the federal Bureau of Land Management, or BLM, in Nevada in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon Bundy now is part of a group of 15 to 150 people — \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militiamen-break-into-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge-building/\">depending on which source you believe\u003c/a> — who are protesting the arson convictions of two Oregon ranchers, Dwight Hammond Jr. and his son, Steven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>why \u003c/em>exactly are a Nevada rancher's son and his supporters taking up the cause of two guys from Oregon? What is the source of the continued friction between many ranchers and the federal government? What does a 20-year-old terrorist attack in Oklahoma City have to do with all of it?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Background\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The situation began, in some ways, in the decades following the Civil War. The 1862 Homestead Act granted 160 acres of land to the people willing to settle it. Ranchers in some regions needed far more land than that to be profitable. They eventually began to pay grazing fees for the right to lease federal land — if they agreed to federal oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/461831737/461841372\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you are using somebody else's land for your livelihood, that puts you in a very dependent relationship,\" Paul Starrs, a geography professor at the University of Nevada, Reno, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/30/307960343/ranchers-conflict-with-grazing-fees-began-decades-ago\">told NPR's Ted Robbins\u003c/a> in 2014. \"And livestock ranchers are, in my experience, pretty savvy people. And they don't like that uncertainty. Nobody really likes uncertainty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some ranchers have strongly objected to the government's management of federal lands, especially over issues of water or environmental conservation, and to the terms of their leases. Cliven Bundy, for his part, grazed his cattle on federal lands and refused to pay grazing fees. The government \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">still hasn't collected the more than $1 million he owes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tension is heightened by how much land the federal government continues to own in the Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf\">the Congressional Research Service\u003c/a>, in Nevada the U.S. owned more than 81 percent of the land in the state in 2010. In Oregon, that number hovered right around half — 53 percent of the land, more than 30 million acres of which were administered by either the BLM or the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact is, it's a paradox being a rugged individualist dependent on the government — unless you're John Wayne,\" Robbins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a paradox that Dwight and Steven Hammond chafed at for decades — and one that drew them off the ranch and into the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Hammonds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The animus harbored by the two Hammond men for federal land agencies dates back decades. Both reportedly were arrested for obstructing federal officials in 1994 — in protest of which \"nearly 500 incensed ranchers showed up at a rally in Burns,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcn.org/issues/20/582\">according to High Country News\u003c/a>. But even before that, the Hammonds bristled at the authority of managers of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Dwight] Hammond allegedly made death threats against previous managers in 1986 and 1988 and against [Forrest] Cameron, the current manager, in 1991 and again this year,\" High Country News reported in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeds of the current situation were sown in 2001 and 2006. In both those years, the U.S. government said the Hammonds set fires that spread onto land managed by the BLM. The 2001 blaze burned 139 acres of public land, according to court documents; the 2006 fire — for which only Steven was convicted — burned an additional acre of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arson convictions for both father and son were handed down in 2012. Much of the dispute in the years afterward — including, eventually, this weekend's armed occupation — revolves around the sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ132/html/PLAW-104publ132.htm\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996\u003c/a>, which increased the penalties for arson committed against federal property, the mandatory minimum punishment for such crimes was upped to five years in federal prison. The law, which was passed in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, struck the judge presiding over the sentencing as too harsh — and off-base in this instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just would not be — would not meet any idea I have of justice, proportionality,\" U.S. District Judge Michael R. Hogan \u003ca href=\"http://landrights.org/or/Hammond/Transcript%20of%20Judges%20ruling.pdf\">said at the sentencing\u003c/a>. \"I am not supposed to use the word 'fairness' in criminal law. I know that I had a criminal law professor a long time ago yell at me for doing that. And I don't do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But this — it would be a sentence which would shock the conscience to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Hogan sentenced Dwight Hammond Jr. to three months of prison, and Steven Hammond to a year and one day. The federal government wanted the full five years, appealing the shorter sentences and eventually \u003ca href=\"http://www.landrights.org/or/Hammond/Hammonds%20Appeal%209th%20district%20court.pdf\">winning that appeal\u003c/a> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even a fire in a remote area has the potential to spread to more populated areas, threaten local property and residents, or endanger the firefighters called to battle the blaze,\" District Judge Stephen J. Murphy wrote in the appellate court's opinion. \"Given the seriousness of arson, a five-year sentence is not grossly disproportionate to the offense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original sentences were remanded, and the Hammonds were sentenced to five years in prison. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ff-militia-oregon-20160103-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hammonds surrendered\u003c/a> to prison authorities on Monday in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's Next?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whatever their continued friction with federal officials, the Hammonds have not publicly condoned the self-styled militia members who claim to be interceding on their behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Hammonds' attorney has previously stated the militiamen showing up in Burns do not represent the ranchers,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/burns-oregon-standoff-militia/\">Oregon Public Broadcasting reports\u003c/a>, noting that many locals in Burns have also received the out-of-towners warily — with several \"Militia Go Home\" fliers posted throughout the town.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Even Cliven Bundy, Ammon's father, expressed his hesitation over the protests. \"I don't quite understand how much they're going to accomplish,\" Bundy told OPB. \"I think of it this way: What business does the Bundy family have in Harney County, Oregon?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, that has not dissuaded Ammon Bundy or the group with which he's holed up in the Malheur refuge headquarters. At a press conference there, Bundy said his plan may take \"several months at the shortest to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday, law enforcement \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">had not attempted\u003c/a> to remove the armed group from the federal building, OPB reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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