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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: 10:50 a.m. Monday, Oct. 17:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Office of the Chief Medical Examiner has identified the man fatally wounded in an officer-involved shooting Friday night as Nicholas McWherter, 26, from Pacifica. McWherter died at San Francisco General Hospital Sunday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post: Sunday, Oct. 16:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A man who allegedly shot a police officer in the head Friday night in San Francisco's Lakeshore neighborhood has died, according to the San Francisco Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deadly incident began around 8:15 p.m. Friday, when officers responded to the Lakeshore Shopping Center after receiving a call about a man causing a disturbance and making threats, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When officers encountered the man in the first block of Everglade Drive, police say he fired several shots toward the officers, striking one of them in the head. The suspect then ran toward Sigmund Stern Grove, according to police. The injured officer's partner provided first aid and requested backup, and officers established a perimeter around Stern Grove Park, police said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suspect came out of the bushes at and tried to run away. Officers, however, chased and shot the suspect, who fell to the ground while holding his gun to his chest and refusing to surrender, according to police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tactical officers used flash-bang devices to distract the man, and were able to arrest him. The suspect was taken to San Francisco General Hospital for treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deceased suspect's name has not been released. Interim Police Chief Toney Chaplin said his officers are still looking into his background.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/OfficerManfredi/status/787198139253923840\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police have not identified the injured officer, who is in critical but stable condition at San Francisco General Hospital. Multiple news outlets report that the injured officer is Kevin Downs, a two-year member of the Police Department and co-founder of a nonprofit that aims to \"assist in the reintegration of veterans,\" according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ranchinvets.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">organization's website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin said earlier Saturday that the officer is partially paralyzed on one side of his body. He said the officer is assigned to Taraval Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin said information had been circulating that the officer's injury was a graze wound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a lot more than that,\" he said. \"One centimeter down and this may have been a fatality for the officer. He underwent surgery to remove fragments from his brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee issued a statement Saturday saying, \"Last night I received one of those calls that as a mayor you never want to receive. The phone call that tells you a police officer has been shot in the line of duty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee said the officer was alert when he visited him at San Francisco General Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was able to communicate with me and I had a chance to thank him for his service,\" Lee said. \"I have a good feeling that this officer will recover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin said a town hall meeting will be held this week to give residents information about the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from Bay City News and the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Police have not identified the injured officer, who is in critical but stable condition at San Francisco General Hospital. Multiple news outlets report that the injured officer is Kevin Downs, a two-year member of the Police Department and co-founder of a nonprofit that aims to \"assist in the reintegration of veterans,\" according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ranchinvets.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">organization's website\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin said earlier Saturday that the officer is partially paralyzed on one side of his body. He said the officer is assigned to Taraval Station.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin said information had been circulating that the officer's injury was a graze wound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a lot more than that,\" he said. \"One centimeter down and this may have been a fatality for the officer. He underwent surgery to remove fragments from his brain.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee issued a statement Saturday saying, \"Last night I received one of those calls that as a mayor you never want to receive. The phone call that tells you a police officer has been shot in the line of duty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee said the officer was alert when he visited him at San Francisco General Hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was able to communicate with me and I had a chance to thank him for his service,\" Lee said. \"I have a good feeling that this officer will recover.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin said a town hall meeting will be held this week to give residents information about the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post contains reporting from Bay City News and the Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Chicago disability rights group sued Uber Thursday over wheelchair accessibility, arguing the San Francisco-based mobile ride-hailing company's adherence to federal disability laws \"ranges from token to non-existent\" despite its expanding role in the nation's transportation system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 19-page lawsuit, filed in U.S. District Court in Chicago on behalf of Access Living of Metropolitan Chicago and several individuals, seeks an order requiring that Uber comply with the 1990 Americans With Disabilities Act, or ADA, by making far more wheelchair-accessible vehicles available.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That position threatens a return to the isolation and segregation that the disability rights movement has fought to overcome,\" the filing says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Chicago spokeswoman for Uber Technologies Inc. didn't have an immediate comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ADA was considered a landmark in bids for equal rights for the disabled. But both Uber and rival Lyft, which allow customers to use a cellphone app to pay drivers who use their own cars, have argued previously that they are technology, rather than transportation, firms and so aren't subject to ADA mandates. The new suit also seeks a definitive ruling that the ADA does apply to Uber and similar companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber does offer a service called UberWAV, which allows would-be customers to locate vehicles with ramps or lifts. But Thursday's suit says Uber's mobile map frequently indicates that no such vehicles are available anywhere in or near Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit also alleges that Uber's success in the Chicago market is threatening to reduce the fleet sizes of traditional cab companies, which are subject to stricter accessibility requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=AwrTcdI6YwFYQocAUe0nnIlQ;_ylu=X3oDMTEyNHZ2djU5BGNvbG8DZ3ExBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjI3OTVfMQRzZWMDc3I-/RV=2/RE=1476514746/RO=10/RU=https%3a%2f%2fwww.accessliving.org%2f/RK=0/RS=6z8zuqmXiU_7J1GGFgoSqbL3DuY-\">Access Living's\u003c/a> president, Marca Bristo, says the legal action is \"a fight to avoid losing ground, as Uber pushes out existing accessible transportation services, further limiting options for people with disabilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to demonstrate how hard it is for disabled people to utilize Uber, the suit cites data that Uber provided nearly 2 million rides in Chicago in June of last year alone. But it says Uber gave just 14 rides to motorized wheelchair users over a four-year period starting in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahnee Patrick, a plaintiff in the case who uses a wheelchair, says the lack of suitable Uber vehicles shouldn't force a couple to travel separately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Going to dinner with my husband should be the same for me as it is for everyone else,\" she said in a statement released by Access Living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Uber and advocates for the blind reached a lawsuit settlement in San Francisco in which Uber agreed to require that drivers confirm they understand their legal obligations to transport riders with guide dogs or other service animals. Uber didn't admit any liability and it denied violating any laws.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber does offer a service called UberWAV, which allows would-be customers to locate vehicles with ramps or lifts. But Thursday's suit says Uber's mobile map frequently indicates that no such vehicles are available anywhere in or near Chicago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The suit also alleges that Uber's success in the Chicago market is threatening to reduce the fleet sizes of traditional cab companies, which are subject to stricter accessibility requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://r.search.yahoo.com/_ylt=AwrTcdI6YwFYQocAUe0nnIlQ;_ylu=X3oDMTEyNHZ2djU5BGNvbG8DZ3ExBHBvcwMxBHZ0aWQDQjI3OTVfMQRzZWMDc3I-/RV=2/RE=1476514746/RO=10/RU=https%3a%2f%2fwww.accessliving.org%2f/RK=0/RS=6z8zuqmXiU_7J1GGFgoSqbL3DuY-\">Access Living's\u003c/a> president, Marca Bristo, says the legal action is \"a fight to avoid losing ground, as Uber pushes out existing accessible transportation services, further limiting options for people with disabilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an attempt to demonstrate how hard it is for disabled people to utilize Uber, the suit cites data that Uber provided nearly 2 million rides in Chicago in June of last year alone. But it says Uber gave just 14 rides to motorized wheelchair users over a four-year period starting in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahnee Patrick, a plaintiff in the case who uses a wheelchair, says the lack of suitable Uber vehicles shouldn't force a couple to travel separately.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Going to dinner with my husband should be the same for me as it is for everyone else,\" she said in a statement released by Access Living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Uber and advocates for the blind reached a lawsuit settlement in San Francisco in which Uber agreed to require that drivers confirm they understand their legal obligations to transport riders with guide dogs or other service animals. Uber didn't admit any liability and it denied violating any laws.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Landmark S.F. Case on Police Force and Mental Illness Settles for $1 Million",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. District Court Judge Charles Breyer approved a $1 million settlement Friday in a case that went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court and set a precedent for the rights of mentally ill people during contacts with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case stems from a 2008 officer-involved shooting. San Francisco police Sgt. Kimberly Reynolds and Officer Katherine Holder responded to Teresa Sheehan's apartment after she allegedly threatened a social worker with a knife. She was living in a supportive housing building, but her condition had been slipping. She was apparently off her medication for schizoaffective disorder and wanted to be left alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the officers forced their way into her room, Sheehan came at them with a serrated bread knife and was pepper-sprayed, shot in head, torso, arms and pelvis. She survived, and after successfully fending off a criminal charges for threatening the social worker and assaulting the police, her civil case began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer initially dismissed Sheehan's claims that the officers used excessive force and violated Fourth Amendment protections. But civil rights attorneys John Burris and Ben Nisenbaum appealed, and in 2014 the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/02/21/11-16401.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ruled\u003c/a> that the Americans with Disabilities Act applies to police encounters with mentally ill suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really says to police departments, if you have an opportunity to make reasonable accommodations, you must do it,\" Burris said after the settlement was approved. \"Don’t force a confrontation. Don’t yell and scream at them, and if possible make accommodations so that another person can come in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco and elsewhere, as many as \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/30/half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill/\" target=\"_blank\">half of fatal police shootings\u003c/a> kill a person in psychiatric crisis. The ruling requiring police to keep mental disabilities in mind applies to the entire West Coast plus Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Alaska and Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a milestone for people who have disabilities and for officers who now really must think about their actions and think about the consequences of what they do,\" Nisenbaum said. \"We have so many cases where officers simply rush in and they give no thought to what’s happening with the person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Disability advocates \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/09/disability-advocates-appeal-over-s-f-police-shooting-puts-ada-at-risk/\" target=\"_blank\">worried the appeal\u003c/a> would endanger the 9th Circuit's application of the ADA to police encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in what former Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/23/u-s-supreme-court-to-hear-case-on-sfpd-shooting-of-mentally-ill-woman/\" target=\"_blank\">called\u003c/a> a \"bait-and-switch,\" San Francisco dropped its opposition to the ADA's application by the time its attorneys argued the case before the High Court, so the 9th Circuit's ruling \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/18/supreme-court-rules-in-favor-of-s-f-cops-in-shooting-of-mentally-ill-woman/\" target=\"_blank\">remained in place\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year and a half later, the parties again stood in Judge Breyer's courtroom to present their settlement. From the audience, Teresa Sheehan spoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Objection your honor,\" she said arguing that she didn't need a guardian. Breyer invited her to join her sister, Frances Sheehan, before the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is apparent to the court, which has lived with this case for some time -- not the same as you have -- but from a humanitarian point of view, it cries out for resolution,\" Breyer said. \"I'm going to approve the settlement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained that he was simply appointing Sheehan's sister guardian over the settlement and not other parts of her Sheehan's life. All parties agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teresa had her day in court, just what she wanted,\" Frances Sheehan said after the hearing, adding that she was thankful for Breyer's compassion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she's hopeful the settlement will allow her sister to move out of the single-resident-occupancy room where she's been living and into a more supportive environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her goal was to be able to have a better living situation,\" Frances Sheehan said. \"She can look forward to a life that has been cut short for the last eight years while we’ve been in litigation with the city, so I think it was a win-win for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city doesn't plan to pay the settlement; the insurance provider for the supportive housing company Sheehan was living in when she was shot is footing the bill while it heads into its own dispute with San Francisco over that liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's been a lot of changes to how SFPD officers handle these kinds of encounters since Sheehan's shooting. The department has implemented Crisis Intervention Training -- a program to teach officers how to avoid violent outcomes with people in psychiatric crisis. A new program is pairing social workers with officers on some calls, and the department was recently recognized for developing a training video on de-escalating encounters with autistic people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Teresa Sheehan, she's not totally aware of her impact on the law and policing policy, according to her sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She did see in the papers here in San Francisco that she did go to the Supreme Court, the case, and she bought two newspapers and asked my sister Patricia to hold on to them for historical purposes,\" Frances Sheehan said. \"We later would like to show Teresa a summary of what this has impacted. She’s a brilliant woman. She’s bright and smart. But I think it’s at the right time when this has kind of settled down, and she’s in a better place to live and she can have some of those services that we feel she so badly needs -- get her on track with some things and then we can show her a little history of what’s happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. District Court Judge Charles Breyer approved a $1 million settlement Friday in a case that went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court and set a precedent for the rights of mentally ill people during contacts with police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case stems from a 2008 officer-involved shooting. San Francisco police Sgt. Kimberly Reynolds and Officer Katherine Holder responded to Teresa Sheehan's apartment after she allegedly threatened a social worker with a knife. She was living in a supportive housing building, but her condition had been slipping. She was apparently off her medication for schizoaffective disorder and wanted to be left alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the officers forced their way into her room, Sheehan came at them with a serrated bread knife and was pepper-sprayed, shot in head, torso, arms and pelvis. She survived, and after successfully fending off a criminal charges for threatening the social worker and assaulting the police, her civil case began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breyer initially dismissed Sheehan's claims that the officers used excessive force and violated Fourth Amendment protections. But civil rights attorneys John Burris and Ben Nisenbaum appealed, and in 2014 the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2014/02/21/11-16401.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">ruled\u003c/a> that the Americans with Disabilities Act applies to police encounters with mentally ill suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really says to police departments, if you have an opportunity to make reasonable accommodations, you must do it,\" Burris said after the settlement was approved. \"Don’t force a confrontation. Don’t yell and scream at them, and if possible make accommodations so that another person can come in.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco and elsewhere, as many as \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/09/30/half-of-those-killed-by-san-francisco-police-are-mentally-ill/\" target=\"_blank\">half of fatal police shootings\u003c/a> kill a person in psychiatric crisis. The ruling requiring police to keep mental disabilities in mind applies to the entire West Coast plus Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Montana, Alaska and Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a milestone for people who have disabilities and for officers who now really must think about their actions and think about the consequences of what they do,\" Nisenbaum said. \"We have so many cases where officers simply rush in and they give no thought to what’s happening with the person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But San Francisco appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court. Disability advocates \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/01/09/disability-advocates-appeal-over-s-f-police-shooting-puts-ada-at-risk/\" target=\"_blank\">worried the appeal\u003c/a> would endanger the 9th Circuit's application of the ADA to police encounters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in what former Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/23/u-s-supreme-court-to-hear-case-on-sfpd-shooting-of-mentally-ill-woman/\" target=\"_blank\">called\u003c/a> a \"bait-and-switch,\" San Francisco dropped its opposition to the ADA's application by the time its attorneys argued the case before the High Court, so the 9th Circuit's ruling \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/05/18/supreme-court-rules-in-favor-of-s-f-cops-in-shooting-of-mentally-ill-woman/\" target=\"_blank\">remained in place\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a year and a half later, the parties again stood in Judge Breyer's courtroom to present their settlement. From the audience, Teresa Sheehan spoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Objection your honor,\" she said arguing that she didn't need a guardian. Breyer invited her to join her sister, Frances Sheehan, before the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is apparent to the court, which has lived with this case for some time -- not the same as you have -- but from a humanitarian point of view, it cries out for resolution,\" Breyer said. \"I'm going to approve the settlement.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explained that he was simply appointing Sheehan's sister guardian over the settlement and not other parts of her Sheehan's life. All parties agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Teresa had her day in court, just what she wanted,\" Frances Sheehan said after the hearing, adding that she was thankful for Breyer's compassion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she's hopeful the settlement will allow her sister to move out of the single-resident-occupancy room where she's been living and into a more supportive environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Her goal was to be able to have a better living situation,\" Frances Sheehan said. \"She can look forward to a life that has been cut short for the last eight years while we’ve been in litigation with the city, so I think it was a win-win for everyone.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city doesn't plan to pay the settlement; the insurance provider for the supportive housing company Sheehan was living in when she was shot is footing the bill while it heads into its own dispute with San Francisco over that liability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's been a lot of changes to how SFPD officers handle these kinds of encounters since Sheehan's shooting. The department has implemented Crisis Intervention Training -- a program to teach officers how to avoid violent outcomes with people in psychiatric crisis. A new program is pairing social workers with officers on some calls, and the department was recently recognized for developing a training video on de-escalating encounters with autistic people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Teresa Sheehan, she's not totally aware of her impact on the law and policing policy, according to her sister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She did see in the papers here in San Francisco that she did go to the Supreme Court, the case, and she bought two newspapers and asked my sister Patricia to hold on to them for historical purposes,\" Frances Sheehan said. \"We later would like to show Teresa a summary of what this has impacted. She’s a brilliant woman. She’s bright and smart. But I think it’s at the right time when this has kind of settled down, and she’s in a better place to live and she can have some of those services that we feel she so badly needs -- get her on track with some things and then we can show her a little history of what’s happened.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Report: Some California Guards See Inmates as 'Wild Animals'",
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"content": "\u003cp>Employees at a remote Northern California prison largely view inmates as \"little more than wild animals\" incapable of being rehabilitated, according to the latest in a long series of critical reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California corrections officials sought the external review after the state inspector general reported last year that High Desert State Prison guards had created a \"culture of racism\" and engaged in alarmingly frequent use of force against inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Association of State Correctional Administrators found little evidence of overt racism, but plenty of other problems at the maximum security prison housing about 3,800 inmates near Susanville, nearly 200 miles from Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees view themselves as united in a two-front battle against some of the state's toughest inmates on one side and a distant, disconnected state bureaucracy on the other, according to the report provided to The Associated Press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report blames a lack of communication and leadership at the prison, which has had 15 wardens in its 21 years of existence -- five in the last 18 months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That \"has left the staff without a clear sense of direction, and in particular, unaware of the change toward rehabilitation in the department's mission,\" the report says. \"In their view, efforts to rehabilitate inmates of the type housed at HDSP, who they view as little more than wild animals, are both futile and dangerous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards rarely interact with inmates unless violence erupts, tacitly allowing illegal activities like gambling among inmates as a way of keeping the peace, the review team found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was as if the officers and the inmates had reached an agreement. 'You can do your thing, and we'll do ours, so long as you don't get violent,'\" the reviewers wrote. \"Viewing inmates as dangerous animals, the officers do little to prevent violence, but rather keep their distance waiting for it to occur. When it does occur, which it does almost daily, they react quickly en masse to suppress it with force.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichol Gomez, a spokeswoman for the California Correctional Peace Officers Association, which represents most prison guards, said Friday that the union was reviewing the report and she could not immediately comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees of all races denied the institutionalized racism described by the inspector general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minority inmates denied being addressed with racist language, though they believed they were victims of discrimination. Reviewers found white inmates were disproportionately assigned to skilled jobs, while Latinos were underrepresented. Black inmates were disproportionately likely to face discipline and use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They found all the same statistical disparities that we did,\" said Shaun Spillane, a spokesman for the inspector general's office. He said his agency examined different things than did the latest review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Specter, director of the nonprofit Prison Law Office that represents inmates, said his law firm's investigation last year found that inmates were often subjected to racist comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's incredibly difficult for the Department of Corrections to rehabilitate prisoners when at least some of the staff have those kind of comments -- suggesting that the prisoners are not human or, even milder, not fit for rehabilitation,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Secretary Scott Kernan ordered the nearly $188,000 report in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department \"recognizes there is good work being done by our staff at High Desert State Prison under difficult circumstances, and will continue to strive for improvements,\" he said in a statement, adding that, \"Our overarching goal is to ensure safety for everyone and to promote rehabilitation in support of public safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That \"has left the staff without a clear sense of direction, and in particular, unaware of the change toward rehabilitation in the department's mission,\" the report says. \"In their view, efforts to rehabilitate inmates of the type housed at HDSP, who they view as little more than wild animals, are both futile and dangerous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards rarely interact with inmates unless violence erupts, tacitly allowing illegal activities like gambling among inmates as a way of keeping the peace, the review team found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was as if the officers and the inmates had reached an agreement. 'You can do your thing, and we'll do ours, so long as you don't get violent,'\" the reviewers wrote. \"Viewing inmates as dangerous animals, the officers do little to prevent violence, but rather keep their distance waiting for it to occur. When it does occur, which it does almost daily, they react quickly en masse to suppress it with force.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nichol Gomez, a spokeswoman for the California Correctional Peace Officers Association, which represents most prison guards, said Friday that the union was reviewing the report and she could not immediately comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees of all races denied the institutionalized racism described by the inspector general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minority inmates denied being addressed with racist language, though they believed they were victims of discrimination. Reviewers found white inmates were disproportionately assigned to skilled jobs, while Latinos were underrepresented. Black inmates were disproportionately likely to face discipline and use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They found all the same statistical disparities that we did,\" said Shaun Spillane, a spokesman for the inspector general's office. He said his agency examined different things than did the latest review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Don Specter, director of the nonprofit Prison Law Office that represents inmates, said his law firm's investigation last year found that inmates were often subjected to racist comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's incredibly difficult for the Department of Corrections to rehabilitate prisoners when at least some of the staff have those kind of comments -- suggesting that the prisoners are not human or, even milder, not fit for rehabilitation,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation Secretary Scott Kernan ordered the nearly $188,000 report in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department \"recognizes there is good work being done by our staff at High Desert State Prison under difficult circumstances, and will continue to strive for improvements,\" he said in a statement, adding that, \"Our overarching goal is to ensure safety for everyone and to promote rehabilitation in support of public safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "in-secretive-marijuana-industry-whispers-of-abuse-and-trafficking",
"title": "In Secretive Marijuana Industry, Whispers of Abuse and Trafficking",
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"headTitle": "In Secretive Marijuana Industry, Whispers of Abuse and Trafficking | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was part of a special edition of KQED’s The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, a nonprofit news organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Learn more at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/\">\u003cem>revealnews.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and subscribe to the Reveal podcast, produced with PRX, at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/podcast\">\u003cem>revealnews.org/podcast\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he trees towered above them, limbs etched in black against the night sky. He steered his pickup down a narrow path of mud and rocks and parked in front of a trailer. He tried to kiss her. She froze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are you doing?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to get up early,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began groping her body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t you have a wife?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woods seemed to crawl with creatures; the ground was slick with rain. As wilderness pulsed around them, she ran through the possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she fled, would she find her way out? If she fought back, would he hurt her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would anyone hear her if she screamed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the special edition of The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigation Reporting:\u003c/em>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287778617″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”400″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Emerald Triangle, trees are ever present. They peek over small towns and dip into valleys, sheathing this cluster of remote Northern California counties in silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, the ancient forests here have provided cover for the nation’s largest marijuana-growing industry, shielding pot farmers from convention, outsiders and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the forests also hide secrets, among them young women with stories of sexual abuse and exploitation. Some have spoken out; a handful have pressed charges. Most have confided only in private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students from the nearest college, Humboldt State University, return from a summer of trimming marijuana buds with tales of being forced to give their boss a blow job to get paid. Other “trimmigrants,” who typically work during the June-to-November harvest, recount offers of higher wages to trim topless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During one harvest season, two growers began having sex with their teenage trimmer. When they feared she would run away, they locked her inside an oversized toolbox with breathing holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact with law enforcement is rare and, female trimmigrants say, rarely satisfying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Emily Rothman of Florida throws her pack into a truck that will take her to a friend’s pot farm in Garberville. She said all the women she knows have been warned of things to watch out for when coming to the area for work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Rothman of Florida throws her pack into a truck that will take her to a friend’s pot farm in Garberville. She said all the women she knows have been warned of things to watch out for when coming to the area for work. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Verifying their stories is as difficult as finding your way through the forest at night, down twisty dirt roads, to one of the backwoods marijuana farms. During months of reporting in the region, Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting unearthed dozens of accounts of sexual exploitation, abuse and trafficking. Victims’ advocates say the problem is far larger and, with every harvest, continues to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women believe they are getting hired for trimming work, and then they’re drugged and raped,” said Maryann Hayes Mariani, a coordinator for the North Coast Rape Crisis Team. “Everybody looks at (the region) like it’s the Land of Oz. I’m just so tired of pretending like it’s not happening here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet law enforcement repeatedly has failed to investigate abuse and sexual violence in the industry. Instead, officers mostly focus on what they view as the root cause of the problem: the drug trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rural counties of Northern California, marijuana is still a largely underground industry, worth billions. Last year, legal California sales alone were valued at $2.7 billion, according to \u003ca href=\"https://frontierfinancials.com/product/california/?ref=AMR\">The ArcView Group\u003c/a>, a marijuana market research firm. Sales are projected to balloon to $6.4 billion by 2020 if marijuana is legalized for recreational use. It’s big business, drawing busloads of job seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130068\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Ads for trimmers are tacked to a bulletin board in Garberville, Calif. Female trimmers often pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ads for trimmers are tacked to a bulletin board in Garberville, Calif. Female trimmers often pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of trimmigrants who go missing alone is overwhelming for law enforcement, fueling an epidemic of the lost. In 2015, Humboldt County reported 352 missing people, more per capita than any other county in \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/missing/stats\">the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an artist from San Francisco disappeared in the Humboldt County town of Garberville last harvest season, her mother and roommate filed a missing persons report. Months later, she resurfaced to tell her family she had been held against her will on a marijuana farm, drugged and sexually abused. She never formally reported her abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the time of her disappearance, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.humboldtgov.org/187/Sheriffs-Office\">Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office\u003c/a>had labeled her a “voluntary missing adult.” They flagged the case as a low priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people come to Humboldt each year to work on the marijuana farms,” the deputy who took the report told her roommate \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3035995-Screen-Shot-2016-08-29-at-3-47-56-PM.html\">in an email\u003c/a>. “So far she is falling into the same category as many others have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to women and girls who come of their own volition to trim, others are brought in specifically to provide sex services. Come harvest season, escorts flood these rural areas, drawn to the large population of male growers and laborers who spend months at a time alone on isolated mountain farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Prose, an investigator for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.eureka.ca.gov/depts/police/\">Eureka Police Departmen\u003c/a>t, said sex traffickers know law enforcement agencies have little interest in cracking down on them. None of the county agencies surveyed by Reveal have investigators assigned to human trafficking. Prose himself is semi-retired; he investigates trafficking cases when he has time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130072\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working, blindfolding workers before driving to remote plots deep in the mountains.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working, blindfolding workers before driving to remote plots deep in the mountains. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For women, the dangers are due in part to the gender dynamics in the industry. Growing is a male-dominated field, and many growers prefer to hire female trimmers. Several told Reveal that they believe women are more dexterous, making them more efficient workers. Others are looking for company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of these younger guys don’t have regular relationships because they’re out in the hills growing weed, but they still want a girl,” Prose said. “It sounds kind of crude, but they seek female companionship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, many marijuana farms are responsible operations. Most workers describe good experiences, including excellent pay, food and shelter. Many also welcome the unusual working conditions of an industry long at odds with mainstream culture and the law. Drug use on the job, for instance, is common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters will decide whether to fully \u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2016/general/en/pdf/complete-vig.pdf\">legalize recreational marijuana\u003c/a>. But such use remains illegal under federal and most state laws, and the culture of silence is so embedded in the state’s industry – the nation’s top black market supplier – it seems unlikely that legalization alone will dramatically alter the landscape for women toiling deep in the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of wilderness here, and dirt roads and acres of forest,” said Amy Benitez, a victims’ advocate in Humboldt County. “There’s a lot of nooks and crannies you can hide in. You add this criminal element to it, where there’s money, and there’s just more ways that you can abuse power and control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Saturday, Oct. 18, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hat power imbalance is what ensnared a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician who arrived in one of the mountain towns in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. In Petrolia, Terri – not her real name – found a world apart from her hometown in the Los Angeles Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County, hidden behind a curtain of redwoods and Douglas fir trees. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. It’s about two hours down crumbling cliffside roads to the nearest highway. Most locals live in the surrounding mountains, overlooking the forested valley and black sand beaches of the last undeveloped stretch of California known as the Lost Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The town of Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The town of Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like to think of Petrolia as this little town hanging off the edge of the world,” said Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a former resident who became Terri’s therapist. “At night, you’ve never seen so many stars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly everyone in Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. But like other small towns dotting the Emerald Triangle, in the past decade, more and more people have moved in. Greenhouses have sprung up, enabling industrial-scale marijuana growing. Larger farms have drawn more workers from outside the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Terri did not have a job. An acquaintance introduced her to Cedar McCulloch-Clow and Emily Herman, a married couple with two children, a horde of chickens and goats, and a bicycle-strewn junkyard. Terri set up a tent in the couple’s yard, plunked down her violin and camping gear and began looking for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130079\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Cedar McCulloch-Clow, a goat farmer and volunteer firefighter, owns the property where Terri pitched her tent while doing trim work in Petrolia.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cedar McCulloch-Clow, a goat farmer and volunteer firefighter, owns the property where Terri pitched her tent while doing trim work in Petrolia. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She also set about working her way into the community. She went to the weekly farmers market at the community center and ran and biked in the annual Rye and Tide, a 7 1/2-mile race that begins with a swig of whiskey outside the town bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri found a couple of trimming jobs, including for Sam Epperson and his partner, Rachel Adair. Their operation was far smaller than the region’s newer marijuana fields – known as grows – and had a vegetable garden and turkey coop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri and three other trimmers sat in a row of swivel office chairs in a wood-paneled trimming shack. They wore aprons to keep from tracking loose leaves into the house and carefully tallied the weight of their work – they would be paid $200 a pound – with pencil and paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Terri sat in an office chair in this cramped shack, trimming marijuana buds. She and three other trimmers were paid $200 for every pound. They wore aprons and tracked their work with paper and pencil.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terri sat in an office chair in this cramped shack, trimming marijuana buds. She and three other trimmers were paid $200 for every pound. They wore aprons and tracked their work with paper and pencil. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Epperson, quiet and bespectacled with a mop of graying curls, prepared fresh food and drinks for the workers. Every day, he offered them an organic chocolate bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night, on the concrete patio of the town bar – \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/yellowrosepetrolia/\">the Yellow Rose\u003c/a> – Terri met a grower named Kailan Meserve. He was twice her age, tan and muscular, with a swagger and salt-and-pepper hair. Meserve mentioned he needed trimmers and bought her a beer. A friend of Terri’s, Katie Finnegan, went inside to buy another drink. When Finnegan returned, Terri had disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Marijuana trimmer Terri met local grower Kailan Meserve one night at the Yellow Rose bar in Petrolia, Calif., in 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marijuana trimmer Terri met local grower Kailan Meserve one night at the Yellow Rose bar in Petrolia, Calif., in 2014. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inside, the bar is a bright, airy space with pristine off-white walls and a polished beige floor – a contrast with its often grungy clientele. One side of the bar is lined with light metal cafe tables, the other with pool tables and arcade games. The darkest part of the bar is to the left of the dartboard, a long dim hallway to the single-stall women’s restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 45 minutes after Finnegan lost track of Terri, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036002-Yellow-Rose-excerpt.html\">court records show\u003c/a> she found her unconscious in that bathroom, her pants around her ankles. Terri appeared to have fallen and hit the sink on her way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri remembered almost nothing about the night. She was concerned something had happened with Meserve. But back on the grow, Epperson and Adair put her at ease: Meserve was \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036003-Humboldt-County-Supervisorial-District-1-PDF.html\">a captain\u003c/a> of the volunteer fire department, the son of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.northcoastjournal.com/091803/cover0918.html\">prominent\u003c/a> local environmental activist and politician. Meserve, they said, was married with toddler twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a good guy,” Epperson recalled telling her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple still had work for Terri, but on their small-scale grow, the harvest wouldn’t last long. They encouraged her to take up Meserve on his offer of a trimming job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was advice Epperson now says he deeply regrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">C\u003c/span>onservative ranchers and loggers dominated the small population of the Emerald Triangle when hippies began arriving en masse in the late 1960s. They were a diverse bunch, from tree-sitting activists to disillusioned Vietnam veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kailan Meserve’s father came to Humboldt County as part of the “back to the land” movement. His first home was a teepee on the Mattole River. Later, he built a house in Petrolia, where he, his wife and children lived on wind and solar power, grew produce and raised their own goats, cows and chickens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, marijuana was a recreational drug, grown mostly for personal use. It didn’t stay that way for long. Growers realized they could better support themselves and their families by selling pot on the black market. The climate was ideal, the woods and mountains isolated enough to conceal the illicit crop. The American-grown marijuana industry was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130085\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Sunshine Johnston tends to cannabis plants at her farm in Redcrest, Calif., in the Emerald Triangle.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunshine Johnston tends to cannabis plants at her farm in Redcrest, Calif., in the Emerald Triangle. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the outset, the children of these growers had more difficulties than their parents. The Summer of Love was over. Across the community, alcohol and drug abuse was rampant. So was law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat of raids constantly loomed over the Meserve household, threatening to pull the family apart. According to Meserve’s sister, Amy, their parents began using cocaine and alcohol and exploded into constant fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just got really crazy,” she recalled. “Kailan pretty much raised us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/10/us/military-takes-part-in-drug-sweep-and-reaps-criticism-and-a-lawsuit.html?pagewanted=all\">Operation Green Sweep\u003c/a> touched down in Petrolia in 1990, soldiers flew helicopters overhead and officers confronted families in their homes with M16 rifles. Children learned to lie about the reality of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still have PTSD,” said Sam Epperson, who grew up on a marijuana farm in eastern Humboldt County. “I can hear choppers flying from miles away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With law enforcement crackdowns came higher black market prices and greater risks. To protect their crops from theft, many farmers began to carry guns and booby-trap their properties. Residents dealt with crime themselves, avoiding law enforcement whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, California became the first state in the country to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/MMP/Pages/CompassionateUseact.aspx\">legalize medical marijuana\u003c/a>. But the law failed to limit the amount of marijuana that could be grown, and law enforcement had no way to determine which plants were cultivated for medical purposes or for profit. Crime and black market growing in the Emerald Triangle soared, including by growers with connections to organized crime, vastly eclipsing local law enforcement’s efforts to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Wayne Hanson of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office put it simply: “We lost the drug war many years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turmoil prompted some of the children to leave. Kailan Meserve was among the many who stayed. He became a stonemason, specializing in fireplaces, and grew pot on the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “green rush” hit Petrolia in 2010. With California voters \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2010/19_11_2010.pdf\">considering full legalization\u003c/a>, new growers poured into town hoping to get rich. The hippie haven was about to go mainstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law did not pass, but according to friends, Meserve decided that if anyone was going to make money peddling pot, it was going to be him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He viewed himself as having that hometown advantage,” Cedar McCulloch-Clow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locals noticed the change. At a party a few years ago, therapist Jenoa Briar-Bonpane recalls looking over the edge of a mountain ridge and spotting two new grow operations below. “Where did those come from?” she wondered. Someone said they belonged to Meserve, and he became the talk of the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a sense of, ‘Wow, he’s really blowing things up,’ ” Briar-Bonpane said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a big employer in town, and a local, Meserve enjoyed a trust not afforded to outsiders, including a freedom from consequences, according to friends. He’d always had a brash demeanor and a reputation for hitting on women – even after he married in 2001. Over time, those who knew him said he seemed to sink deeper into drugs and alcohol. He was convicted three times for driving under the influence, according to court records, and got into a car crash that \u003ca href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/general-news/20080921/two-injured-in-petrolia-crash\">seriously injured\u003c/a> him and his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He “got a little big for his britches,” Amy Meserve said, “and lost his filter completely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of it seemed to slow down Meserve. His business expanded, and the trimmigrants who showed up in Petrolia looking for work were thankful for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sunday, Nov. 9, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>erri saw Kailan Meserve again at a pingpong tournament. He was one of the few entrusted with a key to the community center and had set up the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meserve offered to buy Terri drinks several times, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">according to investigators\u003c/a> – and each time, she declined. Around 10 p.m., he asked if she had to time to talk, she recalled, “to clear things up.” He offered to give her a ride home. It was rainy, and without sidewalks and streetlights, a walk home in Petrolia could be treacherous. She agreed. She figured she might also ask him about a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"One night after a pingpong tournament at the Mattole Valley Community Center in Petrolia, Calif., 22-year-old trimmer Terri got a ride home from local grower Kailan Meserve. But home isn’t where he took her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One night after a pingpong tournament at the Mattole Valley Community Center in Petrolia, Calif., 22-year-old trimmer Terri got a ride home from local grower Kailan Meserve. But home isn’t where he took her. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Terri was staying about 2 miles from the community center. But Meserve went the opposite direction, turning right toward a dark mass of trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where are we going?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to show you where my property is,” she remembers him saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri started to get a “weird feeling,” according to court records. She told him she had to get up early. He ignored her and continued down the road, turning right again at a metal gate and entering a narrow dirt path into a thicket of towering eucalyptus. Finally, they came to a trailer and stopped. He tried to kiss her. She froze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130092\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"This is the entrance to the isolated property in Petrolia where local grower Kailan Meserve took Terri after a pingpong tournament.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the entrance to the isolated property in Petrolia where local grower Kailan Meserve took Terri after a pingpong tournament. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What are you doing?” she asked. “Don’t you have a wife?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mind spun through the possibilities. Could she find her way back if she ran? Would he chase her? Hurt her? Would anyone hear her if she screamed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was happening so fast and she could hardly see. Everything outside the beam of the headlights was flooded in black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri declined to be interviewed for this story, but she encouraged friends and community members to open up and gave permission for her therapist, Briar-Bonpane, to speak as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking her to a place that was dark, forested, unknown to her,” Briar-Bonpane said, “it’s the most terrifying situation for a woman who’s with a scary man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meserve asked her to go inside. Terri climbed out of the truck and walked into the trailer. She remembers a small kitchen and a bedroom with a bare mattress. Over the next few hours, according to records, Meserve repeatedly penetrated her and forced her to perform oral sex until she gagged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He held down her arms and at one point throttled her neck. When she began gasping for air, he told her she was “weak and couldn’t take it.” She didn’t scream. The more violent he was, she’d later tell the investigators, the more excited he seemed to become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to make you my bitch,” she recalls him saying, according to court records. He threatened to kill her, freeze her body and throw her to the animals if he ever found out she had slept with anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">M\u003c/span>any trimmigrants begin their journey about two hours southeast of Petrolia, in a small strip of a town at the hub of California’s outdoor growing economy. Garberville is surrounded on all sides by mountains of towering redwoods and lined with the kinds of businesses sustained by disposable income, including a \u003ca href=\"http://www.humboldt-hunnies-eminence-day-spa.com/\">spa\u003c/a> and a motorcycle \u003ca href=\"http://www.dazeysmotorsports.com/\">dealership\u003c/a>. Next door, in Redway, there’s even a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thegroomroompetsalon.com/\">pet salon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come harvest season, trimmigrants arrive from all over the country and world – college students and artists, working professionals and tourists, homeless hippies and other wanderers. Without connections, they crowd the sidewalks as though on the floor of an auction house, jockeying for jobs with homemade signs. Others camp along the river or in the woods until they find work or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars or volunteering at one of the area’s many marijuana-funded nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Carsten (L) and girlfriend Maya (R), both of Germany, and Beaver (back) of London head out after a free lunch at the Mateel Community Center in Redway, Calif. They were looking for trimming jobs to fund their travels but hadn’t gotten any work yet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-400x266.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carsten (L) and girlfriend Maya (R), both of Germany, and Beaver (back) of London head out after a free lunch at the Mateel Community Center in Redway, Calif. They were looking for trimming jobs to fund their travels but hadn’t gotten any work yet. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With marijuana fetching black market prices, they expect wages far higher than typical migrant farmworkers – as much as $300 a day, depending on how fast they work. A successful season can fund months of travel, and the experience itself can be an adventure, harkening back to the drug-infused journeys of Grateful Dead fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of cocaine, a lot of Ecstasy, a lot of meth, a lot of heroin,” said Terri’s former employer Rachel Adair. “It’s like a big party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But trimmigrants also stumble into a treacherous landscape, both on and off the job. Many locals despise their presence, the trash, the carousing on sidewalks – and the negative impact on tourism. Members of a Garberville group called Locals on Patrol take photographs, check identification and tell people to move on. Anti-trimmigrant bumper stickers have proliferated. “No Work Here, Keep Moving,” they read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmigrants also serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market – ranging from robberies to law enforcement stings. As a result, some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working. Workers and advocates say growers sometimes blindfold trimmers before driving to plots deep in the mountains, locations so remote that they often lack cell service and public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. Even those who complete the job might never get paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130094\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130094\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1-800x1422.jpg\" alt=\"In Craigslist ads, aspiring female trimmers sometimes include photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, exploiting the demand for female workers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1422\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1-400x711.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Craigslist ads, aspiring female trimmers sometimes include photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, exploiting the demand for female workers. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 38 years old, Amy Jarose is among the most experienced trimmigrants. One time, she was working on a farm in the mountains when, she said, the grower began to pressure her for blow jobs and sex. She immediately left on foot, without pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You hitchhike,” Jarose said. “You pack up your bags and hit the road and hope to God a really good person will pick you up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers often target women for trimming jobs; male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some women exploit the demand. On \u003ca href=\"https://humboldt.craigslist.org/search/fgs\">Craigslist\u003c/a> during the last harvest season, aspiring trimmers posted photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, accompanied by winking emoticons. One advertisement, offering “Oriental female trimmers,” included the phone number of a sensual massage parlor in Los Angeles. On a community bulletin board in downtown Garberville, a pink lace garter belt adorned one ad, while another read, “We love to cook … and much more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deanna Hirschi once worked as a trimmer but said she soon realized she could earn more by offering sex for pay. She met growers at motels in Garberville or sometimes hours into the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The guys on the hills pay $500 an hour,” she said, three or four times the amount she might get in a city. “They’re stuck up on a hill and they come down from the hill for one day, and they’ve got hundreds of thousands of dollars in their pocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand for female companionship has contributed to sex trafficking in these rural areas from all over the country and world, including from Mexico and Eastern Europe, according to social service providers and victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One local trafficking survivor, who goes by the name Elle Snow, started a nonprofit organization to spread awareness in Humboldt County called\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/itsgameover101/\">Game Over\u003c/a>. To measure the demand, she posted fake escort advertisements on the classified ad website \u003ca href=\"http://humboldt.backpage.com/FemaleEscorts/classifieds/Disclaimer?category=517483\">Backpage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"A Backpage ad offers escort services in Humboldt County. To measure demand for such services, local trafficking survivor Elle Snow, who now runs a nonprofit, posted a fake Backpage ad. Within two months, she said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-800x443.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-400x221.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-1180x653.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-960x532.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-672x372.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-1038x576.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Backpage ad offers escort services in Humboldt County. To measure demand for such services, local trafficking survivor Elle Snow, who now runs a nonprofit, posted a fake Backpage ad. Within two months, she said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Within two months, Snow said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. Many came from southern Humboldt – where Garberville and Petrolia are located – an indication to Snow that many of the potential clients were involved in the marijuana industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffickers call Humboldt County not just green for the weed, but green for the bitches,” she said, referring to the money traffickers can make selling women and sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many trimmers welcome the attention, but others do not. Women pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers-800x1223.jpg\" alt=\"A Craigslist ad offers “Oriental female trimmers” in Humboldt County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers-400x612.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Craigslist ad offers “Oriental female trimmers” in Humboldt County. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Paige Radcliff and Emma Less came last season for trimming work, hoping to make enough to fund their own future harvest. During nearly 14-hour days, the two listened to Israeli folk music and bent over plastic tubs in their laps, rotating the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clipped off the stems and curly bits of leaf. “Give it a little haircut,” Radcliff said again and again, until they had piled up 6 pounds of smooth round nuggets and their fingers were coated in potent, sticky brown resin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a girl comes here on her own, I wouldn’t recommend it,” Less said. Prior to finding this job, they encountered growers who hit on them – and they simply walked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radcliff agreed. “Unless you can super defend yourself, or you just give off a super-intimidating vibe where dudes are scared of you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like a truck driver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or a pirate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly, just come across as, like, super peg leg.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about it,” Less said, over the steady snip of her scissors. “None of this is monitored. No one knows you’re here, not here. It’s easy for people to go missing. It’s easy for people to take advantage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monday, Nov. 10, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>erri showed up for work in a daze the morning after she was assaulted in the forest. Bruises covered her chest and the back of her head. As she picked up her clippers, her boss remembers, she began to cry. She told Rachel Adair that “something inappropriate” had happened with Kailan Meserve and that she was scared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adair – an emergency room nurse and midwife – sent Terri to Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a therapist and friend. Terri told the therapist the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a predator,” Briar-Bonpane recalls thinking. She had treated child sex abuse and rape victims for years, but she was especially struck by how calculating Meserve sounded. “He must be stopped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, some of Terri’s former employers called for a meeting, inviting town elders, the local doctor and friends. On a crisp November morning, about a dozen people joined Terri in the home near where she had pitched her tent. They gathered in a somber circle around a heavy oak dining table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedar McCulloch-Clow, 38, with perpetual dirt under his fingernails and a baseball cap on his head, recalls feeling conflicted about the meeting. He had become friends with Terri during her many nights camping on their property. But he also had known Meserve since he was 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The room was tense and quiet, except for the sounds of children playing down the hall. Adair remembers wanting to ensure, first and foremost, that Terri was safe. Dr. Dick Scheinman was adamant that they call the police. Most others wanted to find an alternate solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130098\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A week after Terri’s rape, community members gathered around this table in Cedar McCulloch-Clow’s home, trying to decide what should be done about her assault.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A week after Terri’s rape, community members gathered around this table in Cedar McCulloch-Clow’s home, trying to decide what should be done about her assault. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Greg Smith, whose family has long grown marijuana, was among the town elders there. “There’s a lot of people who grow pot, and they have a resistance to calling the law,” he said later. “It’s kind of the Wild West in some ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ideas came in quick succession and were rejected just as quickly. Bring Meserve before a community tribunal. Send a large contingent of men to his doorstep. Gather Petrolia’s population of elderly women and have them chase after him with their shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith decided to pay Meserve a visit at home. He urged him to admit he had a problem, show remorse and enroll in therapy and drug and alcohol treatment. Meserve refused, he said, describing the night in the trailer as consensual. Next, Smith approached Fire Chief Travis Howe about kicking Meserve out of the volunteer fire department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the group learned this wasn’t the first time Meserve had been accused of rape. A year earlier, a young woman was visiting a friend of Meserve’s. After a night of partying at the Yellow Rose bar, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">31-year-old woman said\u003c/a>, Meserve came into her room while she was sleeping and forced himself on her. When he couldn’t maintain an erection, he left, but soon came back and tried again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman never filed a police report, and only a few people in town knew. Howe was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howe said he had confronted Meserve, who told him it was consensual. “He messed up terribly, cheating on his wife,” Howe said. “He needed to get spanked.” When Meserve promised to do better, Howe kept him on as a fire captain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the group realized Terri’s experience was not an isolated incident. It was a pattern of behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One week had passed since Terri’s assault. She had expressed little interest in contacting law enforcement. But the group thought something had to be done for the safety of other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked her to take a step many rape victims dread: Would she call the police?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>or victims of sexual assault, the answer often lies beneath layers of fear and shame. Rape\u003ca href=\"http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/rape-sexual-violence/pages/rape-notification.aspx\"> usually goes unreported\u003c/a>, but trimmigrants face particular pressure to avoid law enforcement. Calling police may rule out future jobs in the industry, especially if that contact alerts police to an illegal grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hell no, you don’t call the cops on anybody for anything if you want to work in Humboldt,” said Karen Bejcek, a trimmigrant who usually lives in a teepee in Siskiyou County when she’s not trimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other conditions in pot country prevent victims from seeking any kind of help. Trimmigrants often lack the local connections or even the know-how to successfully navigate their way out of the wild, wooded terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because many work on illegal grows, they suspect law enforcement won’t do anything anyway. And because the industry attracts a young and transient workforce, victims – who may come with their own troubled histories – do not always recognize they are being abused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130099\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-800x536.jpg\" alt=\"Khaled Mourra (L) of Mexico and Mayssan Charafeddine of Montreal try to hitch a ride in Garberville, Calif. During harvest season, “trimmigrants” crowd the town’s sidewalks jockeying for jobs with homemade signs or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khaled Mourra (L) of Mexico and Mayssan Charafeddine of Montreal try to hitch a ride in Garberville, Calif. During harvest season, “trimmigrants” crowd the town’s sidewalks jockeying for jobs with homemade signs or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One teen from Humboldt County said she started working for a local grower when she was 12. He gave her methamphetamine to speed up her trimming work, she said, and passed her around to pay off his debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re tweaking, you’re good,” she said, touting her trimming prowess. “I did, like, a couple pounds in like one night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The girl eventually ran away, reaching a youth homeless shelter in the county seat of Eureka, only to discover that pimps were using it as a hunting ground. At 14, she said, she became their recruiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wasn’t the only one. At least two other shelter residents said men used them to recruit other teens, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036021-AC-Disclosure-101414-1.html\">according to a report\u003c/a> later submitted to the state Department of Social Services. The shelter’s executive director, Patt Sweeney, said he was aware teens in the program had been trafficked for sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made reports to law enforcement,” he said. “It’s just very hard to prosecute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange for alcohol and marijuana, the girl brought other teens to parties at local motels, where they were given drugs and alcohol and had sex, sometimes by force. She said the parties drew growers and gang members involved in marijuana distribution. Because she brought girls, she said she was never assaulted – and the music and dancing could be fun. But she doesn’t remember much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always drunk,” she said with a shrug. “And then we’d just go buy more drugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the girls she met at the shelter and parties also traveled south to trim on marijuana farms. Once there, she said, some found they were expected to do more than trim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sales pitch to young girls is common in pot country, according to Leah Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka that housed the girl. “They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"“They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim,” Leah Gee says of the sales pitch to underage girls looking for work on pot farms. But Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka, Calif., says they sometimes find they’re expected to do more than trim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim,” Leah Gee says of the sales pitch to underage girls looking for work on pot farms. But Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka, Calif., says they sometimes find they’re expected to do more than trim. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2013, federal prosecutors said two growers picked up a 15-year-old runaway in Hollywood and took her to their farm in Lake County, near Humboldt. They directed her to trim marijuana and have sex with them, sometimes while chained to a metal rack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with police after a raid of the farm, the girl described the sex with one of the men as consensual. Sex with the other grower was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3035371-Balletto-Complaint.html\">not as consensual\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was not free to leave: To keep her from fleeing\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>the men put her inside an oversized metal toolbox with breathing holes for several days, according to court records, using a garden hose to clean out her waste. The men also shocked the girl with a cattle prod and told her she would be shot by neighbors if she attempted to leave, an employee later told police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local prosecutors charged the men with human trafficking, the first case of its kind in the county. But when federal authorities took over the case, the trafficking charge was dropped. The men are expected to plead guilty later this year on charges of illegal marijuana cultivation and employing a minor in a drug operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sunday, Nov. 23, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> deputy sheriff from Humboldt County, Michael Hass, had Terri recount the entire story of her assault over the phone before telling her she had to come in person to make a report – a nearly two-hour drive. The community group that had encouraged her to report made the arrangements. Jenoa Briar-Bonpane went along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived at the county sheriff’s office in Eureka, they walked through the metal detector, down a beige cinder-block hallway to a dimly lit window in the waiting room, Briar-Bonpane recalls. They told the receptionist they were there to see Hass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After several minutes passed, Hass swung open the door, barely making eye contact with Terri. He told her to follow him, but barred Briar-Bonpane from joining her. She told him it was common practice for an advocate to accompany a sexual assault victim to make a report. According to Briar-Bonpane, Hass refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the account, Hass said he did not know that Briar-Bonpane was an advocate and he objected to the many complaints the sheriff’s office later received about his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were the same complaints that we weren’t taking it seriously and the investigation wasn’t up to the people of Petrolia’s standards,” he said. “From my standpoint, it got handled very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri agreed to make the report anyway. Hass took her into an empty room and pushed a typed statement based on her telephone account in front of her, Briar-Bonpane said. Terri signed it, and five minutes later, they returned to the waiting room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you tell us when you’re going to pick him up?” Briar-Bonpane remembers asking, referring to Kailan Meserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To file her report, Terri was told she had to come in person. It turned out the same trip was not required of Meserve, Briar-Bonpane said. To her surprise, Hass told her deputies already had interviewed Meserve in Petrolia. Meserve had told them the same story he had told others: The night in the trailer was consensual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reveal could not find any record that the deputies ever searched the trailer, and Meserve’s sister, Amy, confirmed that they never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one in town seems concerned about him,” Hass said, according to Briar-Bonpane. “We’re not going to arrest him. There’s no evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news left the group back in Petrolia shocked – and Terri terrified. While she moved from home to home and finally to a motel outside of town, the group began to deluge the sheriff’s office with emails and phone calls. Terri’s friend Katie Finnegan took a day off work to file a complaint with the office about its handling of the case. Residents sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036023-Petrolia-DA-Emails.html\">letters to the district attorney\u003c/a>, complaining about Hass and urging that Meserve be prosecuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please do not let this go without a thorough investigation and arrest,” Dick Scheinman, the town doctor, wrote to then-District Attorney Paul Gallegos in December 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month passed, and he emailed again: “i am not a legal beagle and am not trying to tell you how to do your job, but i feel it is most important for you to try your hardest to find out what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Meserve remained in Petrolia. “I am very concerned about the safety of women in the Mattole Valley while he is present there,” Briar-Bonpane wrote to newly elected District Attorney Maggie Fleming in March 2015. “Young boys/men in the valley are watching and learning about whether or not you can sexually assault women without consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Terri’s allegations reached the woman who had said Meserve raped her the year before. She felt nauseous, then angry. She blamed herself for not reporting it, “because maybe she could have prevented it from happening to the other girl,” an investigator later wrote. About a month after Terri visited Hass, the second victim decided to report her rape. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">Records show\u003c/a> Hass told her to call the district attorney’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case landed on the desk of Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s investigator responsible for child abuse and sexual assault cases. She has a reputation for being thorough, going beyond the case information filed by local law enforcement. In 2014, Baxley gathered evidence that allowed the district attorney’s office to prosecute its first human trafficking case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, Baxley had seen victims in Humboldt County “not met with the respect they deserve,” she told Reveal. In the Petrolia case, she said, both victims felt blown off by the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was already a big step for her to take, for her to report it,” she said of Terri. “I was really frustrated, honestly. I felt awful for the poor thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxley immediately launched her investigation, making plans to meet Terri in person. She brought in community advocates to support Terri as she shared her story yet again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tried to show her there were a lot of people who supported her and wanted to hear her truth,” Baxley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 14, 2015, prosecutors filed charges against Meserve for raping both women. Two weeks later, he surrendered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>s the marijuana industry has grown and the trimmigrant population with it, service providers have encountered increasing numbers of human trafficking victims. Humboldt Domestic Violence Services answered more than 2,000 crisis calls last year, an increase of about 80 percent in four years. Executive Director Brenda Bishop attributed the increase to a surge in sexual abuse and trafficking on marijuana grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130103\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130103\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Trimmed marijuana buds dry at a farm. Trimmers serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market. When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trimmed marijuana buds dry at a farm. Trimmers serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market. When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other organizations have noticed a problem, too, including the Eureka Police Department. In a survey of about 200 local homeless people, Police Chief Andrew Mills said his department discovered many were former trimmigrants who had been forced to work on marijuana farms without pay, including women who reported being required to perform sex acts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite evidence of a growing problem, law enforcement has put few resources into investigations of trafficking and sexual exploitation. Instead, police have conducted stings targeting prostitutes and sometimes their pimps. And the Eureka police chief recently posed as a grower online to attract trimmers, only to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036273-Trimmigrant-EPD-letter.html\">warn them\u003c/a> not to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason is that, in this spread-out rural region, there are not enough detectives to go around. In Humboldt County, the sheriff’s office is so overtaxed that many deputies are responsible for investigating crimes – a job typically left to detectives – in addition to responding to 911 calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a detective bureau to handle the bad of the bad crimes, and they can’t even keep up with that. So our deputies are more like detectives,” Lt. Wayne Hanson said. “It’s triage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Humboldt native with a bushy gray mustache, Hanson has raided marijuana farms for more than two decades. On the walls of his office are framed photographs and news clips, including one from the day after voters legalized medical marijuana in 1996. In the photograph, Hanson – with a dark brown mustache – stands next to towering piles of marijuana plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a warehouse in downtown Eureka, where people were growing marijuana for money. That’s why marijuana is grown – for money, not for medical reasons,” Hanson said. “People are greedy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson and other local law enforcement officials see the greed that has amplified California’s marijuana industry as a common denominator in violent and organized crimes. Hanson said many grows also cause environmental damage. As a result, marijuana has remained a high priority for them, even as federal and state authorities have pulled back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130104\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130104\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Mansfield trims cannabis on his daughter’s farm in Redcrest, Calif. Workers rotate the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clip off the stems and curly bits of leaf.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Mansfield trims cannabis on his daughter’s farm in Redcrest, Calif. Workers rotate the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clip off the stems and curly bits of leaf. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marijuana raids also have become a large source of revenue for local law enforcement agencies. During raids, officers have confiscated not just harvests, but also money, guns and even farming equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt County law enforcement agencies made 100 seizures of property and funds last year, including from farmers who had legal permission to grow. The value of the assets totaled more than $2 million – more per capita than was pulled from the state’s 15 most populous counties combined, \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/asset_forf/2015-af/2015-af.pdf?\">state data shows\u003c/a>. Mendocino County’s marijuana eradication team receives a finder’s fee from a pool of seized funds for every case it initiates, in addition to a nearly 50 percent cut of any \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036024-Mendocino-Asset-Forfeiture-MOU.html\">confiscated funds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is tantamount to tunnel vision, said Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s office investigator. “They’re going in to eradicate marijuana, and they would probably tell you nothing else is happening but the drugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That perspective seems to pervade law enforcement agencies across the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the year Terri arrived in Petrolia, a young Mexican woman arrived in nearby Mendocino County, ready to start the restaurant job she was promised. Instead, a grower – Baldemar Alvarez – put her to work on several marijuana farms, she said, and forced her to cook, clean his house and have sex with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman said Alvarez, twice her age, called her a prostitute and said she belonged to him until she reimbursed him for hiring a coyote to bring her into the country illegally. He stoked her fear, telling her she’d get lost in the woods and a bear would feast on her body if she fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the time, I had fear,” said Carmen (not her real name). “Fear, thinking, ‘If the police catch me, they’re going to arrest me. They’re not going to let me explain, they’re not going to believe me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Carmen persuaded Alvarez to take her to the doctor for stomach pains, she said. Once there, a nurse-midwife told her she was pregnant, and Carmen shared her story of abuse. When she returned to Alvarez, she left her address behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendocino County sheriff’s deputies \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036030-Redacted-Report.html\">picked up Carmen and the grower\u003c/a> a few days later. Carmen was relieved. But at the station, things changed. A detective asked her whether she had made the claims just to get immigration documents, she said. Victims of sexual assault are eligible for a special kind of visa, known as a U-visa. Trafficking victims are eligible for a T-visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen’s abuse allegations are documented in police \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036027-Incident-Report-2014-00023144-Redacted-2.html\">dispatch records\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036275-20160830103623931.html\">a restraining order\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036276-20160830103613365.html\">other documents\u003c/a>, but the full extent of the investigation is unclear. The detective involved did not respond to interview requests, and the sheriff’s office declined to provide a copy of its investigation, saying it was not yet complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underscoring the he-said, she-said obstacles for law enforcement, Alvarez told Reveal that Carmen fabricated the story to get immigration papers. He told detectives he had planned to marry her. Even though she hasn’t paid him back for her illegal border crossing, he said, he has sent her money on a couple of occasions for the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a big misunderstanding; she’s a backstabber is what I call it,” he said, denying he had abused her or anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But another woman who had a relationship with the grower and gave birth to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036291-20160830111656824.html\">one of his children\u003c/a> said he repeatedly has brought women, including herself, into the United States from Mexico and abused them. Investigators never contacted her, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun began to rise the morning after deputies took Carmen into custody, she said the detective told her that he had one last request. He put her in a room with Alvarez and had her confront him, to get him to confess. It didn’t work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, at this time, we do not have any evidence to detain him,” she recalled the detective saying. “Everything you say, he denies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies charged Alvarez with \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036030-Redacted-Report.html\">felony marijuana cultivation\u003c/a> in August 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036026-Docs-Produced-1.html\">his third\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036025-Reveal-Media-14-15437.html\">arrest\u003c/a> for the offense in three years. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036274-20160830103632255.html\">Jail records\u003c/a> show he bailed out within 20 minutes. The prosecutor never took the case to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Thursday, April 30, 2015\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he case against Kailan Meserve was unprecedented – the first time a marijuana grower in Humboldt County had been charged with raping a trimmigrant. In Petrolia, it had created a rift, causing many to question the trust they had placed in the community. Yet outside Petrolia, it captured little attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from a local blog, no media outlets covered Meserve’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remained in jail briefly while the prosecutor’s office argued against allowing him to post his \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036032-Bail-Motion.html\">$2 million bail\u003c/a>. Investigator Kyla Baxley had seen large greenhouses on several of Meserve’s properties and argued that his income had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">derived illegally\u003c/a> from the cultivation of marijuana. In the end, Meserve’s family and friends pooled funds, and he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130105\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11130105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot.jpg\" alt=\"Kailan Meserve of Petrolia, shown in his mugshot. He was sentenced to 23 years in prison.\" width=\"500\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot.jpg 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot-400x474.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kailan Meserve of Petrolia, shown in his mugshot. He was sentenced to 23 years in prison. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, he enrolled in treatment for alcohol abuse, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036032-Bail-Motion.html\">court records\u003c/a>. Facebook photos show he and his family also enjoyed a Disney vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Epperson fell into a deep depression. He couldn’t shake the feeling that he was responsible for Terri climbing into Meserve’s truck that night. With harvest season over, Terri had left Petrolia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, on April 4, 2016, the trial date arrived. Meserve sat next to his lawyer in a courtroom in downtown Eureka, dressed in a button-down shirt and slacks. Terri had returned to take the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this your first time testifying in court? How do you feel about being here?” prosecutor Brie Bennett asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” Terri replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described the night in detail. The feeling of panic, the sexual acts, the violence. She answered questions from the defense attorney about her sex life in Petrolia and a shoplifting conviction from years ago. At one point, her voice began to crack, and she wiped tears from behind her black-framed glasses. Her voice grew faint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge leaned over. “Please speak up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other victim described waking up the morning after the assault, crying and sore. She told her friend she had to go, according to court records, and began the long drive back to San Francisco, making stops to throw up along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the stand, Meserve denied having a drug problem and called his encounters with Terri and the other woman consensual. Everyone was drunk, he said. No one ever told him to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did she say she wanted to go to the trailer?” the prosecutor asked about Terri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She never said she didn’t,” Meserve responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From her seat in the courtroom, Meserve’s sister, Amy, remembers watching an image take shape that she did not recognize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s being portrayed like some monster,” she said later. “Obviously, he did not think he was raping anyone. I just don’t think he did. That’s not who he is, that’s not what he’s capable of. I just know if they would have said no or stop or anything, he would have stopped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Meserve’s family attended the trial, most of the group that had supported Terri remained behind in Petrolia. It was a far distance to travel, but it also was painful to watch. Many believed it had been a mistake to contact law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am friends with his sister and his dad and his mom,” said longtime local grower Greg Smith. “It feels like we’re carrying a big weight on our chest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130106\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Nearly everyone in the tiny town of Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. It’s where Terri, a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician, arrived in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nearly everyone in the tiny town of Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. It’s where Terri, a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician, arrived in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The community of Petrolia was changing, but residents weren’t sure it was for the better. California Gov. Jerry Brown had signed a package of laws that would further regulate the medical marijuana industry, beginning with state-issued licenses in 2018. Many Humboldt County growers have refused to participate. They would not sign up for county permits, the first step toward legal compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To complicate matters, under the new regulations, counties can ban growing altogether, and many have, preserving a highly profitable black market. Competition is increasing, and prices are likely to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this new future, it seemed, small farmers would struggle financially. Success would mean going big or continuing to sell on the black market. Before his arrest, Meserve had found that success growing marijuana, accruing land, money and power. But some wondered, at what cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 19, a jury found Meserve guilty of 15 felony counts, including rape and false imprisonment. His wife began to cry as deputies handcuffed him and took him into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the news reached Petrolia, many in the group that had supported Terri felt deflated instead of relieved. They knew the conviction meant Meserve could end up spending the rest of his life in prison. Smith and Epperson agreed to write letters to the judge urging a lenient sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would rather have rehabilitation than punishment,” Smith said. “Some people think it’s impossible with him, but I don’t know. I just have hope that people can change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 28, the Meserve family and their supporters filed into the courtroom. Meserve’s mother, sister and wife cried as he stood motionless, awaiting the judge’s sentence. Each read from a prepared statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These charges are extreme and overboard,” said his father, David. “These charges are from an enthusiasm for prosecuting people in the marijuana industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kailan wants to start an AA group in Petrolia,” said Monica, his wife. “He wants to give back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri was not there. An advocate read a statement from the second victim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every morsel of self-confidence has left me,” she read. “Humboldt is my home, and I cannot bring myself to visit my friends or family there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge sentenced Meserve to 23 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130107\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A handwritten ad solicits work in downtown Garberville. Male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A handwritten ad solicits work in downtown Garberville. Male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He did not make a statement in court that day. Through his family, he declined to comment for this story. Terri has since moved out of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as the harvest season swings into full gear, a new crop of trimmigrants is streaming north, thumbs out, pointing toward the thickly forested mountains of the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> An earlier version of this story incorrectly characterized the pingpong tournament held at Petrolia’s community center. Only Meserve was involved with the setup.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "For decades, the Emerald Triangle has provided cover for the nation’s largest marijuana-growing industry. But its forests also hide secrets, among them young women with stories of sexual abuse and exploitation.",
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"title": "In Secretive Marijuana Industry, Whispers of Abuse and Trafficking | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was part of a special edition of KQED’s The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, a nonprofit news organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Learn more at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/\">\u003cem>revealnews.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and subscribe to the Reveal podcast, produced with PRX, at\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/podcast\">\u003cem>revealnews.org/podcast\u003c/em>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he trees towered above them, limbs etched in black against the night sky. He steered his pickup down a narrow path of mud and rocks and parked in front of a trailer. He tried to kiss her. She froze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What are you doing?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have to get up early,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He began groping her body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t you have a wife?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woods seemed to crawl with creatures; the ground was slick with rain. As wilderness pulsed around them, she ran through the possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If she fled, would she find her way out? If she fought back, would he hurt her?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Would anyone hear her if she screamed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Listen to the special edition of The California Report Magazine, produced in collaboration with Reveal from The Center for Investigation Reporting:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”400″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287778617″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287778617″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Emerald Triangle, trees are ever present. They peek over small towns and dip into valleys, sheathing this cluster of remote Northern California counties in silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For decades, the ancient forests here have provided cover for the nation’s largest marijuana-growing industry, shielding pot farmers from convention, outsiders and law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the forests also hide secrets, among them young women with stories of sexual abuse and exploitation. Some have spoken out; a handful have pressed charges. Most have confided only in private.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students from the nearest college, Humboldt State University, return from a summer of trimming marijuana buds with tales of being forced to give their boss a blow job to get paid. Other “trimmigrants,” who typically work during the June-to-November harvest, recount offers of higher wages to trim topless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During one harvest season, two growers began having sex with their teenage trimmer. When they feared she would run away, they locked her inside an oversized toolbox with breathing holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contact with law enforcement is rare and, female trimmigrants say, rarely satisfying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130062\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130062\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Emily Rothman of Florida throws her pack into a truck that will take her to a friend’s pot farm in Garberville. She said all the women she knows have been warned of things to watch out for when coming to the area for work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/EmilyRothmanTrimmigrant-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Rothman of Florida throws her pack into a truck that will take her to a friend’s pot farm in Garberville. She said all the women she knows have been warned of things to watch out for when coming to the area for work. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Verifying their stories is as difficult as finding your way through the forest at night, down twisty dirt roads, to one of the backwoods marijuana farms. During months of reporting in the region, Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting unearthed dozens of accounts of sexual exploitation, abuse and trafficking. Victims’ advocates say the problem is far larger and, with every harvest, continues to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Women believe they are getting hired for trimming work, and then they’re drugged and raped,” said Maryann Hayes Mariani, a coordinator for the North Coast Rape Crisis Team. “Everybody looks at (the region) like it’s the Land of Oz. I’m just so tired of pretending like it’s not happening here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet law enforcement repeatedly has failed to investigate abuse and sexual violence in the industry. Instead, officers mostly focus on what they view as the root cause of the problem: the drug trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the rural counties of Northern California, marijuana is still a largely underground industry, worth billions. Last year, legal California sales alone were valued at $2.7 billion, according to \u003ca href=\"https://frontierfinancials.com/product/california/?ref=AMR\">The ArcView Group\u003c/a>, a marijuana market research firm. Sales are projected to balloon to $6.4 billion by 2020 if marijuana is legalized for recreational use. It’s big business, drawing busloads of job seekers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130068\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130068\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Ads for trimmers are tacked to a bulletin board in Garberville, Calif. Female trimmers often pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmigrantScissorPost-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ads for trimmers are tacked to a bulletin board in Garberville, Calif. Female trimmers often pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of trimmigrants who go missing alone is overwhelming for law enforcement, fueling an epidemic of the lost. In 2015, Humboldt County reported 352 missing people, more per capita than any other county in \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/missing/stats\">the state\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When an artist from San Francisco disappeared in the Humboldt County town of Garberville last harvest season, her mother and roommate filed a missing persons report. Months later, she resurfaced to tell her family she had been held against her will on a marijuana farm, drugged and sexually abused. She never formally reported her abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at the time of her disappearance, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.humboldtgov.org/187/Sheriffs-Office\">Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office\u003c/a>had labeled her a “voluntary missing adult.” They flagged the case as a low priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many people come to Humboldt each year to work on the marijuana farms,” the deputy who took the report told her roommate \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3035995-Screen-Shot-2016-08-29-at-3-47-56-PM.html\">in an email\u003c/a>. “So far she is falling into the same category as many others have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to women and girls who come of their own volition to trim, others are brought in specifically to provide sex services. Come harvest season, escorts flood these rural areas, drawn to the large population of male growers and laborers who spend months at a time alone on isolated mountain farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Prose, an investigator for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ci.eureka.ca.gov/depts/police/\">Eureka Police Departmen\u003c/a>t, said sex traffickers know law enforcement agencies have little interest in cracking down on them. None of the county agencies surveyed by Reveal have investigators assigned to human trafficking. Prose himself is semi-retired; he investigates trafficking cases when he has time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130072\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130072\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working, blindfolding workers before driving to remote plots deep in the mountains.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmedLeaves-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working, blindfolding workers before driving to remote plots deep in the mountains. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For women, the dangers are due in part to the gender dynamics in the industry. Growing is a male-dominated field, and many growers prefer to hire female trimmers. Several told Reveal that they believe women are more dexterous, making them more efficient workers. Others are looking for company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of these younger guys don’t have regular relationships because they’re out in the hills growing weed, but they still want a girl,” Prose said. “It sounds kind of crude, but they seek female companionship.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, many marijuana farms are responsible operations. Most workers describe good experiences, including excellent pay, food and shelter. Many also welcome the unusual working conditions of an industry long at odds with mainstream culture and the law. Drug use on the job, for instance, is common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California voters will decide whether to fully \u003ca href=\"http://vig.cdn.sos.ca.gov/2016/general/en/pdf/complete-vig.pdf\">legalize recreational marijuana\u003c/a>. But such use remains illegal under federal and most state laws, and the culture of silence is so embedded in the state’s industry – the nation’s top black market supplier – it seems unlikely that legalization alone will dramatically alter the landscape for women toiling deep in the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of wilderness here, and dirt roads and acres of forest,” said Amy Benitez, a victims’ advocate in Humboldt County. “There’s a lot of nooks and crannies you can hide in. You add this criminal element to it, where there’s money, and there’s just more ways that you can abuse power and control.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Saturday, Oct. 18, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>hat power imbalance is what ensnared a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician who arrived in one of the mountain towns in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. In Petrolia, Terri – not her real name – found a world apart from her hometown in the Los Angeles Basin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County, hidden behind a curtain of redwoods and Douglas fir trees. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. It’s about two hours down crumbling cliffside roads to the nearest highway. Most locals live in the surrounding mountains, overlooking the forested valley and black sand beaches of the last undeveloped stretch of California known as the Lost Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130076\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130076\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The town of Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaCA-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The town of Petrolia sits beneath the King Range mountains at the edge of Humboldt County. With a population of about 400, it has one general store, one bar, no cellphone service and no police. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I like to think of Petrolia as this little town hanging off the edge of the world,” said Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a former resident who became Terri’s therapist. “At night, you’ve never seen so many stars.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly everyone in Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. But like other small towns dotting the Emerald Triangle, in the past decade, more and more people have moved in. Greenhouses have sprung up, enabling industrial-scale marijuana growing. Larger farms have drawn more workers from outside the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, Terri did not have a job. An acquaintance introduced her to Cedar McCulloch-Clow and Emily Herman, a married couple with two children, a horde of chickens and goats, and a bicycle-strewn junkyard. Terri set up a tent in the couple’s yard, plunked down her violin and camping gear and began looking for work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130079\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130079\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Cedar McCulloch-Clow, a goat farmer and volunteer firefighter, owns the property where Terri pitched her tent while doing trim work in Petrolia.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Cedar-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cedar McCulloch-Clow, a goat farmer and volunteer firefighter, owns the property where Terri pitched her tent while doing trim work in Petrolia. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She also set about working her way into the community. She went to the weekly farmers market at the community center and ran and biked in the annual Rye and Tide, a 7 1/2-mile race that begins with a swig of whiskey outside the town bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri found a couple of trimming jobs, including for Sam Epperson and his partner, Rachel Adair. Their operation was far smaller than the region’s newer marijuana fields – known as grows – and had a vegetable garden and turkey coop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri and three other trimmers sat in a row of swivel office chairs in a wood-paneled trimming shack. They wore aprons to keep from tracking loose leaves into the house and carefully tallied the weight of their work – they would be paid $200 a pound – with pencil and paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130081\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130081\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Terri sat in an office chair in this cramped shack, trimming marijuana buds. She and three other trimmers were paid $200 for every pound. They wore aprons and tracked their work with paper and pencil.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/TrimmingStation-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Terri sat in an office chair in this cramped shack, trimming marijuana buds. She and three other trimmers were paid $200 for every pound. They wore aprons and tracked their work with paper and pencil. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Epperson, quiet and bespectacled with a mop of graying curls, prepared fresh food and drinks for the workers. Every day, he offered them an organic chocolate bar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night, on the concrete patio of the town bar – \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/yellowrosepetrolia/\">the Yellow Rose\u003c/a> – Terri met a grower named Kailan Meserve. He was twice her age, tan and muscular, with a swagger and salt-and-pepper hair. Meserve mentioned he needed trimmers and bought her a beer. A friend of Terri’s, Katie Finnegan, went inside to buy another drink. When Finnegan returned, Terri had disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130082\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130082\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Marijuana trimmer Terri met local grower Kailan Meserve one night at the Yellow Rose bar in Petrolia, Calif., in 2014.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/YellowRoseBar-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marijuana trimmer Terri met local grower Kailan Meserve one night at the Yellow Rose bar in Petrolia, Calif., in 2014. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Inside, the bar is a bright, airy space with pristine off-white walls and a polished beige floor – a contrast with its often grungy clientele. One side of the bar is lined with light metal cafe tables, the other with pool tables and arcade games. The darkest part of the bar is to the left of the dartboard, a long dim hallway to the single-stall women’s restroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 45 minutes after Finnegan lost track of Terri, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036002-Yellow-Rose-excerpt.html\">court records show\u003c/a> she found her unconscious in that bathroom, her pants around her ankles. Terri appeared to have fallen and hit the sink on her way down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri remembered almost nothing about the night. She was concerned something had happened with Meserve. But back on the grow, Epperson and Adair put her at ease: Meserve was \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036003-Humboldt-County-Supervisorial-District-1-PDF.html\">a captain\u003c/a> of the volunteer fire department, the son of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.northcoastjournal.com/091803/cover0918.html\">prominent\u003c/a> local environmental activist and politician. Meserve, they said, was married with toddler twins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s a good guy,” Epperson recalled telling her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The couple still had work for Terri, but on their small-scale grow, the harvest wouldn’t last long. They encouraged her to take up Meserve on his offer of a trimming job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was advice Epperson now says he deeply regrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">C\u003c/span>onservative ranchers and loggers dominated the small population of the Emerald Triangle when hippies began arriving en masse in the late 1960s. They were a diverse bunch, from tree-sitting activists to disillusioned Vietnam veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kailan Meserve’s father came to Humboldt County as part of the “back to the land” movement. His first home was a teepee on the Mattole River. Later, he built a house in Petrolia, where he, his wife and children lived on wind and solar power, grew produce and raised their own goats, cows and chickens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first, marijuana was a recreational drug, grown mostly for personal use. It didn’t stay that way for long. Growers realized they could better support themselves and their families by selling pot on the black market. The climate was ideal, the woods and mountains isolated enough to conceal the illicit crop. The American-grown marijuana industry was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130085\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130085\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Sunshine Johnston tends to cannabis plants at her farm in Redcrest, Calif., in the Emerald Triangle.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/SunshineTends-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunshine Johnston tends to cannabis plants at her farm in Redcrest, Calif., in the Emerald Triangle. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From the outset, the children of these growers had more difficulties than their parents. The Summer of Love was over. Across the community, alcohol and drug abuse was rampant. So was law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat of raids constantly loomed over the Meserve household, threatening to pull the family apart. According to Meserve’s sister, Amy, their parents began using cocaine and alcohol and exploded into constant fights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just got really crazy,” she recalled. “Kailan pretty much raised us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/10/us/military-takes-part-in-drug-sweep-and-reaps-criticism-and-a-lawsuit.html?pagewanted=all\">Operation Green Sweep\u003c/a> touched down in Petrolia in 1990, soldiers flew helicopters overhead and officers confronted families in their homes with M16 rifles. Children learned to lie about the reality of their lives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I still have PTSD,” said Sam Epperson, who grew up on a marijuana farm in eastern Humboldt County. “I can hear choppers flying from miles away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With law enforcement crackdowns came higher black market prices and greater risks. To protect their crops from theft, many farmers began to carry guns and booby-trap their properties. Residents dealt with crime themselves, avoiding law enforcement whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1996, California became the first state in the country to \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/programs/MMP/Pages/CompassionateUseact.aspx\">legalize medical marijuana\u003c/a>. But the law failed to limit the amount of marijuana that could be grown, and law enforcement had no way to determine which plants were cultivated for medical purposes or for profit. Crime and black market growing in the Emerald Triangle soared, including by growers with connections to organized crime, vastly eclipsing local law enforcement’s efforts to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Wayne Hanson of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office put it simply: “We lost the drug war many years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turmoil prompted some of the children to leave. Kailan Meserve was among the many who stayed. He became a stonemason, specializing in fireplaces, and grew pot on the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “green rush” hit Petrolia in 2010. With California voters \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2010/19_11_2010.pdf\">considering full legalization\u003c/a>, new growers poured into town hoping to get rich. The hippie haven was about to go mainstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law did not pass, but according to friends, Meserve decided that if anyone was going to make money peddling pot, it was going to be him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He viewed himself as having that hometown advantage,” Cedar McCulloch-Clow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Locals noticed the change. At a party a few years ago, therapist Jenoa Briar-Bonpane recalls looking over the edge of a mountain ridge and spotting two new grow operations below. “Where did those come from?” she wondered. Someone said they belonged to Meserve, and he became the talk of the party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a sense of, ‘Wow, he’s really blowing things up,’ ” Briar-Bonpane said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a big employer in town, and a local, Meserve enjoyed a trust not afforded to outsiders, including a freedom from consequences, according to friends. He’d always had a brash demeanor and a reputation for hitting on women – even after he married in 2001. Over time, those who knew him said he seemed to sink deeper into drugs and alcohol. He was convicted three times for driving under the influence, according to court records, and got into a car crash that \u003ca href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/general-news/20080921/two-injured-in-petrolia-crash\">seriously injured\u003c/a> him and his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He “got a little big for his britches,” Amy Meserve said, “and lost his filter completely.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of it seemed to slow down Meserve. His business expanded, and the trimmigrants who showed up in Petrolia looking for work were thankful for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sunday, Nov. 9, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>erri saw Kailan Meserve again at a pingpong tournament. He was one of the few entrusted with a key to the community center and had set up the tables.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meserve offered to buy Terri drinks several times, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">according to investigators\u003c/a> – and each time, she declined. Around 10 p.m., he asked if she had to time to talk, she recalled, “to clear things up.” He offered to give her a ride home. It was rainy, and without sidewalks and streetlights, a walk home in Petrolia could be treacherous. She agreed. She figured she might also ask him about a job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130089\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130089\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"One night after a pingpong tournament at the Mattole Valley Community Center in Petrolia, Calif., 22-year-old trimmer Terri got a ride home from local grower Kailan Meserve. But home isn’t where he took her.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MattoleCommunityCenter-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One night after a pingpong tournament at the Mattole Valley Community Center in Petrolia, Calif., 22-year-old trimmer Terri got a ride home from local grower Kailan Meserve. But home isn’t where he took her. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Terri was staying about 2 miles from the community center. But Meserve went the opposite direction, turning right toward a dark mass of trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where are we going?” she asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just want to show you where my property is,” she remembers him saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri started to get a “weird feeling,” according to court records. She told him she had to get up early. He ignored her and continued down the road, turning right again at a metal gate and entering a narrow dirt path into a thicket of towering eucalyptus. Finally, they came to a trailer and stopped. He tried to kiss her. She froze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130092\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"This is the entrance to the isolated property in Petrolia where local grower Kailan Meserve took Terri after a pingpong tournament.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/WoodedPath-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is the entrance to the isolated property in Petrolia where local grower Kailan Meserve took Terri after a pingpong tournament. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“What are you doing?” she asked. “Don’t you have a wife?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her mind spun through the possibilities. Could she find her way back if she ran? Would he chase her? Hurt her? Would anyone hear her if she screamed?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was happening so fast and she could hardly see. Everything outside the beam of the headlights was flooded in black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri declined to be interviewed for this story, but she encouraged friends and community members to open up and gave permission for her therapist, Briar-Bonpane, to speak as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking her to a place that was dark, forested, unknown to her,” Briar-Bonpane said, “it’s the most terrifying situation for a woman who’s with a scary man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meserve asked her to go inside. Terri climbed out of the truck and walked into the trailer. She remembers a small kitchen and a bedroom with a bare mattress. Over the next few hours, according to records, Meserve repeatedly penetrated her and forced her to perform oral sex until she gagged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He held down her arms and at one point throttled her neck. When she began gasping for air, he told her she was “weak and couldn’t take it.” She didn’t scream. The more violent he was, she’d later tell the investigators, the more excited he seemed to become.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to make you my bitch,” she recalls him saying, according to court records. He threatened to kill her, freeze her body and throw her to the animals if he ever found out she had slept with anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">M\u003c/span>any trimmigrants begin their journey about two hours southeast of Petrolia, in a small strip of a town at the hub of California’s outdoor growing economy. Garberville is surrounded on all sides by mountains of towering redwoods and lined with the kinds of businesses sustained by disposable income, including a \u003ca href=\"http://www.humboldt-hunnies-eminence-day-spa.com/\">spa\u003c/a> and a motorcycle \u003ca href=\"http://www.dazeysmotorsports.com/\">dealership\u003c/a>. Next door, in Redway, there’s even a \u003ca href=\"http://www.thegroomroompetsalon.com/\">pet salon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Come harvest season, trimmigrants arrive from all over the country and world – college students and artists, working professionals and tourists, homeless hippies and other wanderers. Without connections, they crowd the sidewalks as though on the floor of an auction house, jockeying for jobs with homemade signs. Others camp along the river or in the woods until they find work or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars or volunteering at one of the area’s many marijuana-funded nonprofits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130093\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130093\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Carsten (L) and girlfriend Maya (R), both of Germany, and Beaver (back) of London head out after a free lunch at the Mateel Community Center in Redway, Calif. They were looking for trimming jobs to fund their travels but hadn’t gotten any work yet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-400x266.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CarstenMaya-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Carsten (L) and girlfriend Maya (R), both of Germany, and Beaver (back) of London head out after a free lunch at the Mateel Community Center in Redway, Calif. They were looking for trimming jobs to fund their travels but hadn’t gotten any work yet. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With marijuana fetching black market prices, they expect wages far higher than typical migrant farmworkers – as much as $300 a day, depending on how fast they work. A successful season can fund months of travel, and the experience itself can be an adventure, harkening back to the drug-infused journeys of Grateful Dead fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of cocaine, a lot of Ecstasy, a lot of meth, a lot of heroin,” said Terri’s former employer Rachel Adair. “It’s like a big party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But trimmigrants also stumble into a treacherous landscape, both on and off the job. Many locals despise their presence, the trash, the carousing on sidewalks – and the negative impact on tourism. Members of a Garberville group called Locals on Patrol take photographs, check identification and tell people to move on. Anti-trimmigrant bumper stickers have proliferated. “No Work Here, Keep Moving,” they read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmigrants also serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market – ranging from robberies to law enforcement stings. As a result, some growers prefer to keep trimmers in the dark about where they are working. Workers and advocates say growers sometimes blindfold trimmers before driving to plots deep in the mountains, locations so remote that they often lack cell service and public transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. Even those who complete the job might never get paid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130094\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130094\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1-800x1422.jpg\" alt=\"In Craigslist ads, aspiring female trimmers sometimes include photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, exploiting the demand for female workers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1422\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CraigslistTrimmers1-400x711.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Craigslist ads, aspiring female trimmers sometimes include photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, exploiting the demand for female workers. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At 38 years old, Amy Jarose is among the most experienced trimmigrants. One time, she was working on a farm in the mountains when, she said, the grower began to pressure her for blow jobs and sex. She immediately left on foot, without pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You hitchhike,” Jarose said. “You pack up your bags and hit the road and hope to God a really good person will pick you up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growers often target women for trimming jobs; male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some women exploit the demand. On \u003ca href=\"https://humboldt.craigslist.org/search/fgs\">Craigslist\u003c/a> during the last harvest season, aspiring trimmers posted photos of themselves in bikinis or low-cut tops, accompanied by winking emoticons. One advertisement, offering “Oriental female trimmers,” included the phone number of a sensual massage parlor in Los Angeles. On a community bulletin board in downtown Garberville, a pink lace garter belt adorned one ad, while another read, “We love to cook … and much more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deanna Hirschi once worked as a trimmer but said she soon realized she could earn more by offering sex for pay. She met growers at motels in Garberville or sometimes hours into the mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The guys on the hills pay $500 an hour,” she said, three or four times the amount she might get in a city. “They’re stuck up on a hill and they come down from the hill for one day, and they’ve got hundreds of thousands of dollars in their pocket.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The demand for female companionship has contributed to sex trafficking in these rural areas from all over the country and world, including from Mexico and Eastern Europe, according to social service providers and victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One local trafficking survivor, who goes by the name Elle Snow, started a nonprofit organization to spread awareness in Humboldt County called\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/itsgameover101/\">Game Over\u003c/a>. To measure the demand, she posted fake escort advertisements on the classified ad website \u003ca href=\"http://humboldt.backpage.com/FemaleEscorts/classifieds/Disclaimer?category=517483\">Backpage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-800x443.jpg\" alt=\"A Backpage ad offers escort services in Humboldt County. To measure demand for such services, local trafficking survivor Elle Snow, who now runs a nonprofit, posted a fake Backpage ad. Within two months, she said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-800x443.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-400x221.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-1180x653.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-960x532.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-672x372.jpg 672w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/BackpageAd-1038x576.jpg 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Backpage ad offers escort services in Humboldt County. To measure demand for such services, local trafficking survivor Elle Snow, who now runs a nonprofit, posted a fake Backpage ad. Within two months, she said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Within two months, Snow said, she had accumulated calls and text messages from 437 phone numbers. Many came from southern Humboldt – where Garberville and Petrolia are located – an indication to Snow that many of the potential clients were involved in the marijuana industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Traffickers call Humboldt County not just green for the weed, but green for the bitches,” she said, referring to the money traffickers can make selling women and sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many trimmers welcome the attention, but others do not. Women pair up, even form trimming collectives, counting on safety in numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130097\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130097\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers-800x1223.jpg\" alt=\"A Craigslist ad offers “Oriental female trimmers” in Humboldt County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1223\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CListOrientalTrimmers-400x612.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Craigslist ad offers “Oriental female trimmers” in Humboldt County. \u003ccite>(Shoshana Walter/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Paige Radcliff and Emma Less came last season for trimming work, hoping to make enough to fund their own future harvest. During nearly 14-hour days, the two listened to Israeli folk music and bent over plastic tubs in their laps, rotating the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clipped off the stems and curly bits of leaf. “Give it a little haircut,” Radcliff said again and again, until they had piled up 6 pounds of smooth round nuggets and their fingers were coated in potent, sticky brown resin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If a girl comes here on her own, I wouldn’t recommend it,” Less said. Prior to finding this job, they encountered growers who hit on them – and they simply walked away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Radcliff agreed. “Unless you can super defend yourself, or you just give off a super-intimidating vibe where dudes are scared of you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like a truck driver.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or a pirate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Exactly, just come across as, like, super peg leg.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about it,” Less said, over the steady snip of her scissors. “None of this is monitored. No one knows you’re here, not here. It’s easy for people to go missing. It’s easy for people to take advantage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Monday, Nov. 10, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>erri showed up for work in a daze the morning after she was assaulted in the forest. Bruises covered her chest and the back of her head. As she picked up her clippers, her boss remembers, she began to cry. She told Rachel Adair that “something inappropriate” had happened with Kailan Meserve and that she was scared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adair – an emergency room nurse and midwife – sent Terri to Jenoa Briar-Bonpane, a therapist and friend. Terri told the therapist the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a predator,” Briar-Bonpane recalls thinking. She had treated child sex abuse and rape victims for years, but she was especially struck by how calculating Meserve sounded. “He must be stopped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week later, some of Terri’s former employers called for a meeting, inviting town elders, the local doctor and friends. On a crisp November morning, about a dozen people joined Terri in the home near where she had pitched her tent. They gathered in a somber circle around a heavy oak dining table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cedar McCulloch-Clow, 38, with perpetual dirt under his fingernails and a baseball cap on his head, recalls feeling conflicted about the meeting. He had become friends with Terri during her many nights camping on their property. But he also had known Meserve since he was 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The room was tense and quiet, except for the sounds of children playing down the hall. Adair remembers wanting to ensure, first and foremost, that Terri was safe. Dr. Dick Scheinman was adamant that they call the police. Most others wanted to find an alternate solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130098\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130098\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A week after Terri’s rape, community members gathered around this table in Cedar McCulloch-Clow’s home, trying to decide what should be done about her assault.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LivingRoom-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A week after Terri’s rape, community members gathered around this table in Cedar McCulloch-Clow’s home, trying to decide what should be done about her assault. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Greg Smith, whose family has long grown marijuana, was among the town elders there. “There’s a lot of people who grow pot, and they have a resistance to calling the law,” he said later. “It’s kind of the Wild West in some ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ideas came in quick succession and were rejected just as quickly. Bring Meserve before a community tribunal. Send a large contingent of men to his doorstep. Gather Petrolia’s population of elderly women and have them chase after him with their shoes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith decided to pay Meserve a visit at home. He urged him to admit he had a problem, show remorse and enroll in therapy and drug and alcohol treatment. Meserve refused, he said, describing the night in the trailer as consensual. Next, Smith approached Fire Chief Travis Howe about kicking Meserve out of the volunteer fire department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when the group learned this wasn’t the first time Meserve had been accused of rape. A year earlier, a young woman was visiting a friend of Meserve’s. After a night of partying at the Yellow Rose bar, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">31-year-old woman said\u003c/a>, Meserve came into her room while she was sleeping and forced himself on her. When he couldn’t maintain an erection, he left, but soon came back and tried again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman never filed a police report, and only a few people in town knew. Howe was one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Howe said he had confronted Meserve, who told him it was consensual. “He messed up terribly, cheating on his wife,” Howe said. “He needed to get spanked.” When Meserve promised to do better, Howe kept him on as a fire captain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the group realized Terri’s experience was not an isolated incident. It was a pattern of behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One week had passed since Terri’s assault. She had expressed little interest in contacting law enforcement. But the group thought something had to be done for the safety of other women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They asked her to take a step many rape victims dread: Would she call the police?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>or victims of sexual assault, the answer often lies beneath layers of fear and shame. Rape\u003ca href=\"http://www.nij.gov/topics/crime/rape-sexual-violence/pages/rape-notification.aspx\"> usually goes unreported\u003c/a>, but trimmigrants face particular pressure to avoid law enforcement. Calling police may rule out future jobs in the industry, especially if that contact alerts police to an illegal grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hell no, you don’t call the cops on anybody for anything if you want to work in Humboldt,” said Karen Bejcek, a trimmigrant who usually lives in a teepee in Siskiyou County when she’s not trimming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other conditions in pot country prevent victims from seeking any kind of help. Trimmigrants often lack the local connections or even the know-how to successfully navigate their way out of the wild, wooded terrain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because many work on illegal grows, they suspect law enforcement won’t do anything anyway. And because the industry attracts a young and transient workforce, victims – who may come with their own troubled histories – do not always recognize they are being abused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130099\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130099\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-800x536.jpg\" alt=\"Khaled Mourra (L) of Mexico and Mayssan Charafeddine of Montreal try to hitch a ride in Garberville, Calif. During harvest season, “trimmigrants” crowd the town’s sidewalks jockeying for jobs with homemade signs or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-800x536.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-400x268.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/Khaled-960x643.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Khaled Mourra (L) of Mexico and Mayssan Charafeddine of Montreal try to hitch a ride in Garberville, Calif. During harvest season, “trimmigrants” crowd the town’s sidewalks jockeying for jobs with homemade signs or try to meet potential employers by frequenting local bars. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One teen from Humboldt County said she started working for a local grower when she was 12. He gave her methamphetamine to speed up her trimming work, she said, and passed her around to pay off his debts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re tweaking, you’re good,” she said, touting her trimming prowess. “I did, like, a couple pounds in like one night.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The girl eventually ran away, reaching a youth homeless shelter in the county seat of Eureka, only to discover that pimps were using it as a hunting ground. At 14, she said, she became their recruiter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wasn’t the only one. At least two other shelter residents said men used them to recruit other teens, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036021-AC-Disclosure-101414-1.html\">according to a report\u003c/a> later submitted to the state Department of Social Services. The shelter’s executive director, Patt Sweeney, said he was aware teens in the program had been trafficked for sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve made reports to law enforcement,” he said. “It’s just very hard to prosecute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In exchange for alcohol and marijuana, the girl brought other teens to parties at local motels, where they were given drugs and alcohol and had sex, sometimes by force. She said the parties drew growers and gang members involved in marijuana distribution. Because she brought girls, she said she was never assaulted – and the music and dancing could be fun. But she doesn’t remember much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was always drunk,” she said with a shrug. “And then we’d just go buy more drugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the girls she met at the shelter and parties also traveled south to trim on marijuana farms. Once there, she said, some found they were expected to do more than trim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sales pitch to young girls is common in pot country, according to Leah Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka that housed the girl. “They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"“They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim,” Leah Gee says of the sales pitch to underage girls looking for work on pot farms. But Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka, Calif., says they sometimes find they’re expected to do more than trim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/LeahGee-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“They’ll give you weed, alcohol and food, and all you have to do is trim,” Leah Gee says of the sales pitch to underage girls looking for work on pot farms. But Gee, the director of a group home in Eureka, Calif., says they sometimes find they’re expected to do more than trim. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2013, federal prosecutors said two growers picked up a 15-year-old runaway in Hollywood and took her to their farm in Lake County, near Humboldt. They directed her to trim marijuana and have sex with them, sometimes while chained to a metal rack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews with police after a raid of the farm, the girl described the sex with one of the men as consensual. Sex with the other grower was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3035371-Balletto-Complaint.html\">not as consensual\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was not free to leave: To keep her from fleeing\u003cstrong>, \u003c/strong>the men put her inside an oversized metal toolbox with breathing holes for several days, according to court records, using a garden hose to clean out her waste. The men also shocked the girl with a cattle prod and told her she would be shot by neighbors if she attempted to leave, an employee later told police.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local prosecutors charged the men with human trafficking, the first case of its kind in the county. But when federal authorities took over the case, the trafficking charge was dropped. The men are expected to plead guilty later this year on charges of illegal marijuana cultivation and employing a minor in a drug operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sunday, Nov. 23, 2014\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> deputy sheriff from Humboldt County, Michael Hass, had Terri recount the entire story of her assault over the phone before telling her she had to come in person to make a report – a nearly two-hour drive. The community group that had encouraged her to report made the arrangements. Jenoa Briar-Bonpane went along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they arrived at the county sheriff’s office in Eureka, they walked through the metal detector, down a beige cinder-block hallway to a dimly lit window in the waiting room, Briar-Bonpane recalls. They told the receptionist they were there to see Hass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After several minutes passed, Hass swung open the door, barely making eye contact with Terri. He told her to follow him, but barred Briar-Bonpane from joining her. She told him it was common practice for an advocate to accompany a sexual assault victim to make a report. According to Briar-Bonpane, Hass refused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about the account, Hass said he did not know that Briar-Bonpane was an advocate and he objected to the many complaints the sheriff’s office later received about his work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were the same complaints that we weren’t taking it seriously and the investigation wasn’t up to the people of Petrolia’s standards,” he said. “From my standpoint, it got handled very seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri agreed to make the report anyway. Hass took her into an empty room and pushed a typed statement based on her telephone account in front of her, Briar-Bonpane said. Terri signed it, and five minutes later, they returned to the waiting room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Can you tell us when you’re going to pick him up?” Briar-Bonpane remembers asking, referring to Kailan Meserve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To file her report, Terri was told she had to come in person. It turned out the same trip was not required of Meserve, Briar-Bonpane said. To her surprise, Hass told her deputies already had interviewed Meserve in Petrolia. Meserve had told them the same story he had told others: The night in the trailer was consensual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reveal could not find any record that the deputies ever searched the trailer, and Meserve’s sister, Amy, confirmed that they never did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one in town seems concerned about him,” Hass said, according to Briar-Bonpane. “We’re not going to arrest him. There’s no evidence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news left the group back in Petrolia shocked – and Terri terrified. While she moved from home to home and finally to a motel outside of town, the group began to deluge the sheriff’s office with emails and phone calls. Terri’s friend Katie Finnegan took a day off work to file a complaint with the office about its handling of the case. Residents sent \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036023-Petrolia-DA-Emails.html\">letters to the district attorney\u003c/a>, complaining about Hass and urging that Meserve be prosecuted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please do not let this go without a thorough investigation and arrest,” Dick Scheinman, the town doctor, wrote to then-District Attorney Paul Gallegos in December 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month passed, and he emailed again: “i am not a legal beagle and am not trying to tell you how to do your job, but i feel it is most important for you to try your hardest to find out what happened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Meserve remained in Petrolia. “I am very concerned about the safety of women in the Mattole Valley while he is present there,” Briar-Bonpane wrote to newly elected District Attorney Maggie Fleming in March 2015. “Young boys/men in the valley are watching and learning about whether or not you can sexually assault women without consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Terri’s allegations reached the woman who had said Meserve raped her the year before. She felt nauseous, then angry. She blamed herself for not reporting it, “because maybe she could have prevented it from happening to the other girl,” an investigator later wrote. About a month after Terri visited Hass, the second victim decided to report her rape. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">Records show\u003c/a> Hass told her to call the district attorney’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case landed on the desk of Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s investigator responsible for child abuse and sexual assault cases. She has a reputation for being thorough, going beyond the case information filed by local law enforcement. In 2014, Baxley gathered evidence that allowed the district attorney’s office to prosecute its first human trafficking case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Time and again, Baxley had seen victims in Humboldt County “not met with the respect they deserve,” she told Reveal. In the Petrolia case, she said, both victims felt blown off by the sheriff’s office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was already a big step for her to take, for her to report it,” she said of Terri. “I was really frustrated, honestly. I felt awful for the poor thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baxley immediately launched her investigation, making plans to meet Terri in person. She brought in community advocates to support Terri as she shared her story yet again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I tried to show her there were a lot of people who supported her and wanted to hear her truth,” Baxley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 14, 2015, prosecutors filed charges against Meserve for raping both women. Two weeks later, he surrendered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span>s the marijuana industry has grown and the trimmigrant population with it, service providers have encountered increasing numbers of human trafficking victims. Humboldt Domestic Violence Services answered more than 2,000 crisis calls last year, an increase of about 80 percent in four years. Executive Director Brenda Bishop attributed the increase to a surge in sexual abuse and trafficking on marijuana grows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130103\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130103\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Trimmed marijuana buds dry at a farm. Trimmers serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market. When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/DryingBuds-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trimmed marijuana buds dry at a farm. Trimmers serve at the mercy of their bosses, who are themselves vulnerable to the risks of operating in the black market. When conflicts arise, trimmigrants may find themselves fired without pay. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other organizations have noticed a problem, too, including the Eureka Police Department. In a survey of about 200 local homeless people, Police Chief Andrew Mills said his department discovered many were former trimmigrants who had been forced to work on marijuana farms without pay, including women who reported being required to perform sex acts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite evidence of a growing problem, law enforcement has put few resources into investigations of trafficking and sexual exploitation. Instead, police have conducted stings targeting prostitutes and sometimes their pimps. And the Eureka police chief recently posed as a grower online to attract trimmers, only to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036273-Trimmigrant-EPD-letter.html\">warn them\u003c/a> not to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason is that, in this spread-out rural region, there are not enough detectives to go around. In Humboldt County, the sheriff’s office is so overtaxed that many deputies are responsible for investigating crimes – a job typically left to detectives – in addition to responding to 911 calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a detective bureau to handle the bad of the bad crimes, and they can’t even keep up with that. So our deputies are more like detectives,” Lt. Wayne Hanson said. “It’s triage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Humboldt native with a bushy gray mustache, Hanson has raided marijuana farms for more than two decades. On the walls of his office are framed photographs and news clips, including one from the day after voters legalized medical marijuana in 1996. In the photograph, Hanson – with a dark brown mustache – stands next to towering piles of marijuana plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a warehouse in downtown Eureka, where people were growing marijuana for money. That’s why marijuana is grown – for money, not for medical reasons,” Hanson said. “People are greedy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanson and other local law enforcement officials see the greed that has amplified California’s marijuana industry as a common denominator in violent and organized crimes. Hanson said many grows also cause environmental damage. As a result, marijuana has remained a high priority for them, even as federal and state authorities have pulled back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130104\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130104\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Richard Mansfield trims cannabis on his daughter’s farm in Redcrest, Calif. Workers rotate the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clip off the stems and curly bits of leaf.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/CannaTrimming-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Mansfield trims cannabis on his daughter’s farm in Redcrest, Calif. Workers rotate the buds with the tips of their fingers as they clip off the stems and curly bits of leaf. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Marijuana raids also have become a large source of revenue for local law enforcement agencies. During raids, officers have confiscated not just harvests, but also money, guns and even farming equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humboldt County law enforcement agencies made 100 seizures of property and funds last year, including from farmers who had legal permission to grow. The value of the assets totaled more than $2 million – more per capita than was pulled from the state’s 15 most populous counties combined, \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/asset_forf/2015-af/2015-af.pdf?\">state data shows\u003c/a>. Mendocino County’s marijuana eradication team receives a finder’s fee from a pool of seized funds for every case it initiates, in addition to a nearly 50 percent cut of any \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036024-Mendocino-Asset-Forfeiture-MOU.html\">confiscated funds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is tantamount to tunnel vision, said Kyla Baxley, the district attorney’s office investigator. “They’re going in to eradicate marijuana, and they would probably tell you nothing else is happening but the drugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That perspective seems to pervade law enforcement agencies across the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the year Terri arrived in Petrolia, a young Mexican woman arrived in nearby Mendocino County, ready to start the restaurant job she was promised. Instead, a grower – Baldemar Alvarez – put her to work on several marijuana farms, she said, and forced her to cook, clean his house and have sex with him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman said Alvarez, twice her age, called her a prostitute and said she belonged to him until she reimbursed him for hiring a coyote to bring her into the country illegally. He stoked her fear, telling her she’d get lost in the woods and a bear would feast on her body if she fled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the time, I had fear,” said Carmen (not her real name). “Fear, thinking, ‘If the police catch me, they’re going to arrest me. They’re not going to let me explain, they’re not going to believe me.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, Carmen persuaded Alvarez to take her to the doctor for stomach pains, she said. Once there, a nurse-midwife told her she was pregnant, and Carmen shared her story of abuse. When she returned to Alvarez, she left her address behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendocino County sheriff’s deputies \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036030-Redacted-Report.html\">picked up Carmen and the grower\u003c/a> a few days later. Carmen was relieved. But at the station, things changed. A detective asked her whether she had made the claims just to get immigration documents, she said. Victims of sexual assault are eligible for a special kind of visa, known as a U-visa. Trafficking victims are eligible for a T-visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carmen’s abuse allegations are documented in police \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036027-Incident-Report-2014-00023144-Redacted-2.html\">dispatch records\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036275-20160830103623931.html\">a restraining order\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036276-20160830103613365.html\">other documents\u003c/a>, but the full extent of the investigation is unclear. The detective involved did not respond to interview requests, and the sheriff’s office declined to provide a copy of its investigation, saying it was not yet complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Underscoring the he-said, she-said obstacles for law enforcement, Alvarez told Reveal that Carmen fabricated the story to get immigration papers. He told detectives he had planned to marry her. Even though she hasn’t paid him back for her illegal border crossing, he said, he has sent her money on a couple of occasions for the baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was a big misunderstanding; she’s a backstabber is what I call it,” he said, denying he had abused her or anyone else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But another woman who had a relationship with the grower and gave birth to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036291-20160830111656824.html\">one of his children\u003c/a> said he repeatedly has brought women, including herself, into the United States from Mexico and abused them. Investigators never contacted her, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the sun began to rise the morning after deputies took Carmen into custody, she said the detective told her that he had one last request. He put her in a room with Alvarez and had her confront him, to get him to confess. It didn’t work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, at this time, we do not have any evidence to detain him,” she recalled the detective saying. “Everything you say, he denies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deputies charged Alvarez with \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036030-Redacted-Report.html\">felony marijuana cultivation\u003c/a> in August 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036026-Docs-Produced-1.html\">his third\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036025-Reveal-Media-14-15437.html\">arrest\u003c/a> for the offense in three years. \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036274-20160830103632255.html\">Jail records\u003c/a> show he bailed out within 20 minutes. The prosecutor never took the case to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Thursday, April 30, 2015\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he case against Kailan Meserve was unprecedented – the first time a marijuana grower in Humboldt County had been charged with raping a trimmigrant. In Petrolia, it had created a rift, causing many to question the trust they had placed in the community. Yet outside Petrolia, it captured little attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aside from a local blog, no media outlets covered Meserve’s arrest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He remained in jail briefly while the prosecutor’s office argued against allowing him to post his \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036032-Bail-Motion.html\">$2 million bail\u003c/a>. Investigator Kyla Baxley had seen large greenhouses on several of Meserve’s properties and argued that his income had been \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036005-Meserve-Warrant.html\">derived illegally\u003c/a> from the cultivation of marijuana. In the end, Meserve’s family and friends pooled funds, and he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130105\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11130105\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot.jpg\" alt=\"Kailan Meserve of Petrolia, shown in his mugshot. He was sentenced to 23 years in prison.\" width=\"500\" height=\"593\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot.jpg 500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/KailanMugshot-400x474.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kailan Meserve of Petrolia, shown in his mugshot. He was sentenced to 23 years in prison. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Humboldt County Sheriff’s Office)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, he enrolled in treatment for alcohol abuse, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3036032-Bail-Motion.html\">court records\u003c/a>. Facebook photos show he and his family also enjoyed a Disney vacation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Epperson fell into a deep depression. He couldn’t shake the feeling that he was responsible for Terri climbing into Meserve’s truck that night. With harvest season over, Terri had left Petrolia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, on April 4, 2016, the trial date arrived. Meserve sat next to his lawyer in a courtroom in downtown Eureka, dressed in a button-down shirt and slacks. Terri had returned to take the stand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is this your first time testifying in court? How do you feel about being here?” prosecutor Brie Bennett asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“OK,” Terri replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described the night in detail. The feeling of panic, the sexual acts, the violence. She answered questions from the defense attorney about her sex life in Petrolia and a shoplifting conviction from years ago. At one point, her voice began to crack, and she wiped tears from behind her black-framed glasses. Her voice grew faint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge leaned over. “Please speak up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other victim described waking up the morning after the assault, crying and sore. She told her friend she had to go, according to court records, and began the long drive back to San Francisco, making stops to throw up along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the stand, Meserve denied having a drug problem and called his encounters with Terri and the other woman consensual. Everyone was drunk, he said. No one ever told him to stop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Did she say she wanted to go to the trailer?” the prosecutor asked about Terri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She never said she didn’t,” Meserve responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From her seat in the courtroom, Meserve’s sister, Amy, remembers watching an image take shape that she did not recognize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s being portrayed like some monster,” she said later. “Obviously, he did not think he was raping anyone. I just don’t think he did. That’s not who he is, that’s not what he’s capable of. I just know if they would have said no or stop or anything, he would have stopped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Meserve’s family attended the trial, most of the group that had supported Terri remained behind in Petrolia. It was a far distance to travel, but it also was painful to watch. Many believed it had been a mistake to contact law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am friends with his sister and his dad and his mom,” said longtime local grower Greg Smith. “It feels like we’re carrying a big weight on our chest.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130106\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130106\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"Nearly everyone in the tiny town of Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. It’s where Terri, a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician, arrived in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PetroliaSunset-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nearly everyone in the tiny town of Petrolia knows each other. Most are involved in marijuana growing to some degree. It’s where Terri, a 22-year-old environmentalist and musician, arrived in the middle of the 2014 harvest season looking for trimming work. \u003ccite>(Andrew Burton/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The community of Petrolia was changing, but residents weren’t sure it was for the better. California Gov. Jerry Brown had signed a package of laws that would further regulate the medical marijuana industry, beginning with state-issued licenses in 2018. Many Humboldt County growers have refused to participate. They would not sign up for county permits, the first step toward legal compliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To complicate matters, under the new regulations, counties can ban growing altogether, and many have, preserving a highly profitable black market. Competition is increasing, and prices are likely to drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this new future, it seemed, small farmers would struggle financially. Success would mean going big or continuing to sell on the black market. Before his arrest, Meserve had found that success growing marijuana, accruing land, money and power. But some wondered, at what cost?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 19, a jury found Meserve guilty of 15 felony counts, including rape and false imprisonment. His wife began to cry as deputies handcuffed him and took him into custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the news reached Petrolia, many in the group that had supported Terri felt deflated instead of relieved. They knew the conviction meant Meserve could end up spending the rest of his life in prison. Smith and Epperson agreed to write letters to the judge urging a lenient sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would rather have rehabilitation than punishment,” Smith said. “Some people think it’s impossible with him, but I don’t know. I just have hope that people can change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 28, the Meserve family and their supporters filed into the courtroom. Meserve’s mother, sister and wife cried as he stood motionless, awaiting the judge’s sentence. Each read from a prepared statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These charges are extreme and overboard,” said his father, David. “These charges are from an enthusiasm for prosecuting people in the marijuana industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Kailan wants to start an AA group in Petrolia,” said Monica, his wife. “He wants to give back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terri was not there. An advocate read a statement from the second victim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every morsel of self-confidence has left me,” she read. “Humboldt is my home, and I cannot bring myself to visit my friends or family there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judge sentenced Meserve to 23 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11130107\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11130107\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"A handwritten ad solicits work in downtown Garberville. Male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-400x267.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/AdSolicitsWork-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A handwritten ad solicits work in downtown Garberville. Male trimmers told Reveal they repeatedly were passed up or let go to make room for female workers. \u003ccite>(Sarah Rice/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He did not make a statement in court that day. Through his family, he declined to comment for this story. Terri has since moved out of state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, as the harvest season swings into full gear, a new crop of trimmigrants is streaming north, thumbs out, pointing toward the thickly forested mountains of the Emerald Triangle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction:\u003c/strong> An earlier version of this story incorrectly characterized the pingpong tournament held at Petrolia’s community center. Only Meserve was involved with the setup.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Hate Crime Charges Filed in Attack on Sikh Man in Richmond",
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"content": "\u003cp>Contra Costa County prosecutors have charged two men in connection with the brutal attack in Richmond last month of a member of the East Bay’s large Sikh community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney’s office filed felony assault charges with hate crime enhancements against Chase Little of Beaumont, Texas, and Colton Leblanc of Winnie, Texas, on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11125483\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 491px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11125483\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1.jpg\" alt=\"Two men have been charged with felony assault with hate crime enhancements in the attack on Richmond resident Maan Singh Khalsa.\" width=\"491\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1.jpg 491w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1-400x482.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two men have been charged with felony assault with hate crime enhancements in the attack on Richmond resident Maan Singh Khalsa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Sikh Coalition)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Authorities say the two men attacked Maan Singh Khalsa near Hilltop Mall on Sept. 25. They allegedly threw beer at Khalsa’s car and assaulted him through his open car window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men allegedly knocked off Khalsa’s turban and cut a fistful of his hair from his head. He sustained a swollen black eye, damaged teeth and knife wounds to his left hand, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors add that one knife wound caused nerve damage and required stitches. Because of an infection from that wound, one of his fingers will be amputated at the first knuckle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The District Attorney’s Office has concluded that Mr. Khalsa’s actual or perceived race/ethnicity, religion and nationality was a substantial factor in the vicious assault,” said Contra Costa County Deputy District Attorney Simon O’Connell in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The savage cutting of Mr. Khalsa’s unshorn hair, a sacred article of his faith, constitutes a hate crime under the law,” O’Connell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another man who was previously named in the attack, Dustin Albarado, has been cleared of criminal liability and will not be charged, O’Connell said. Prosecutors do not believe he was involved in the physical assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the heels of the assault, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/11/two-suspects-in-richmond-attack-on-sikh-man-fired-from-refinery-jobs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Little and Albarado were fired\u003c/a> from their jobs as contract refinery employees at a company tied to Koch Industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for Koch Communications revealed Friday that Leblanc was also an employee of Koch Specialty Plant Services and has been fired as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men were in the area working on a project for the Chevron refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Albarado not being charged in the incident, he is still out of a job, said Koch Communications spokesman Rob Carlton in an email. Carlton, though, would not comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators say Khalsa was alone in his car stopped at a red light on Hilltop Road when a pickup truck pulled up next to him. There were five people in the truck and beer cans were thrown at Khalsa’s car, the district attorney’s office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A driver in another car then called 911 to report the conduct of the men in the truck. The light turned green and both Khalsa’s car and the truck drove forward. At that point, Khalsa was concerned about the harassment and called 911 from his cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the next intersection two men in the truck ran toward Khalsa’s car and then repeatedly punched him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. Khalsa’s turban was displaced during the barrage of punches and the assailants proceeded to pull Mr. Khalsa by the hair. While yelling obscenities, the assailants forced Mr. Khalsa’s head down and cut a significant portion of his unshorn hair,” O’Connell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say portions of the attack were overheard and recorded by a California Highway Patrol dispatcher who was trying to find Khalsa’s location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to O’Connell, Albarado and two other men drove away. Moments later Albarado decided to go back toward the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around the same time, a Contra Costa sheriff’s deputy found Little with blood on his body. After Albarado showed up by Little’s side, the two men were arrested, O’Connell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little is out on bail and has a court date scheduled for Nov. 21. A bench warrant will be issued for Leblanc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney’s actions prompted praise from the Sikh Coalition, an advocacy organization that has been calling for hate crime charges to be filed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was clear that bias was a motivating factor in the brutal assault against Mr. Khalsa so we are thrilled that these charges were filed,” said Harsimran Kaur, the organization’s legal director, in an interview Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group will follow the case aggressively, Kaur said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll absolutely be watching as the prosecution occurs,” she said. “This is the start. We want to make sure that these men are not only charged with a hate crime, but ultimately are convicted or take a guilty plea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaur emphasizes that the purpose of filing hate crime enhancements is not to impose a harsher penalty, but to acknowledge that Sikh people are still being targeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t combat the problem of hatred in our society if we don’t recognize it for what it is,” Kaur said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Rep. Mark DeSaulnier said: “I join the people of Richmond and the Sikh community in expressing my deep concern over the attack on Mr. Khalsa. Acts of discrimination and hatred have no place in our society, and no member of our community should ever fear for their safety because of their religion or culture. I am pleased the District Attorney’s office has filed hate crime charges and is seeking justice for Mr. Khalsa, and upholding the values of the people of Richmond.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the charges below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=327605843 key=key-pGzpyZAq41i0VJqtWk0s mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Contra Costa County prosecutors have charged two men in connection with the brutal attack in Richmond last month of a member of the East Bay’s large Sikh community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney’s office filed felony assault charges with hate crime enhancements against Chase Little of Beaumont, Texas, and Colton Leblanc of Winnie, Texas, on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11125483\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 491px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11125483\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1.jpg\" alt=\"Two men have been charged with felony assault with hate crime enhancements in the attack on Richmond resident Maan Singh Khalsa.\" width=\"491\" height=\"592\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1.jpg 491w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1-400x482.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 491px) 100vw, 491px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two men have been charged with felony assault with hate crime enhancements in the attack on Richmond resident Maan Singh Khalsa. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Sikh Coalition)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Authorities say the two men attacked Maan Singh Khalsa near Hilltop Mall on Sept. 25. They allegedly threw beer at Khalsa’s car and assaulted him through his open car window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men allegedly knocked off Khalsa’s turban and cut a fistful of his hair from his head. He sustained a swollen black eye, damaged teeth and knife wounds to his left hand, authorities said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors add that one knife wound caused nerve damage and required stitches. Because of an infection from that wound, one of his fingers will be amputated at the first knuckle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The District Attorney’s Office has concluded that Mr. Khalsa’s actual or perceived race/ethnicity, religion and nationality was a substantial factor in the vicious assault,” said Contra Costa County Deputy District Attorney Simon O’Connell in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The savage cutting of Mr. Khalsa’s unshorn hair, a sacred article of his faith, constitutes a hate crime under the law,” O’Connell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another man who was previously named in the attack, Dustin Albarado, has been cleared of criminal liability and will not be charged, O’Connell said. Prosecutors do not believe he was involved in the physical assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the heels of the assault, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/11/two-suspects-in-richmond-attack-on-sikh-man-fired-from-refinery-jobs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Little and Albarado were fired\u003c/a> from their jobs as contract refinery employees at a company tied to Koch Industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for Koch Communications revealed Friday that Leblanc was also an employee of Koch Specialty Plant Services and has been fired as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men were in the area working on a project for the Chevron refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite Albarado not being charged in the incident, he is still out of a job, said Koch Communications spokesman Rob Carlton in an email. Carlton, though, would not comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators say Khalsa was alone in his car stopped at a red light on Hilltop Road when a pickup truck pulled up next to him. There were five people in the truck and beer cans were thrown at Khalsa’s car, the district attorney’s office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A driver in another car then called 911 to report the conduct of the men in the truck. The light turned green and both Khalsa’s car and the truck drove forward. At that point, Khalsa was concerned about the harassment and called 911 from his cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the next intersection two men in the truck ran toward Khalsa’s car and then repeatedly punched him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mr. Khalsa’s turban was displaced during the barrage of punches and the assailants proceeded to pull Mr. Khalsa by the hair. While yelling obscenities, the assailants forced Mr. Khalsa’s head down and cut a significant portion of his unshorn hair,” O’Connell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say portions of the attack were overheard and recorded by a California Highway Patrol dispatcher who was trying to find Khalsa’s location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to O’Connell, Albarado and two other men drove away. Moments later Albarado decided to go back toward the scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At around the same time, a Contra Costa sheriff’s deputy found Little with blood on his body. After Albarado showed up by Little’s side, the two men were arrested, O’Connell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little is out on bail and has a court date scheduled for Nov. 21. A bench warrant will be issued for Leblanc.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney’s actions prompted praise from the Sikh Coalition, an advocacy organization that has been calling for hate crime charges to be filed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was clear that bias was a motivating factor in the brutal assault against Mr. Khalsa so we are thrilled that these charges were filed,” said Harsimran Kaur, the organization’s legal director, in an interview Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group will follow the case aggressively, Kaur said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ll absolutely be watching as the prosecution occurs,” she said. “This is the start. We want to make sure that these men are not only charged with a hate crime, but ultimately are convicted or take a guilty plea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaur emphasizes that the purpose of filing hate crime enhancements is not to impose a harsher penalty, but to acknowledge that Sikh people are still being targeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t combat the problem of hatred in our society if we don’t recognize it for what it is,” Kaur said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Rep. Mark DeSaulnier said: “I join the people of Richmond and the Sikh community in expressing my deep concern over the attack on Mr. Khalsa. Acts of discrimination and hatred have no place in our society, and no member of our community should ever fear for their safety because of their religion or culture. I am pleased the District Attorney’s office has filed hate crime charges and is seeking justice for Mr. Khalsa, and upholding the values of the people of Richmond.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read the charges below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\"\n src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/327605843/content?start_page=1&view_mode=&access_key=key-pGzpyZAq41i0VJqtWk0s\"\n title=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/327605843\"\n data-auto-height=\"true\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"scribd_327605843\"\n width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n \u003ca class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__scribdShortcode__scribd_footer\"\n href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/327605843\"\n target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View this document on Scribd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf Resigns Amid Scandal",
"title": "Wells Fargo CEO John Stumpf Resigns Amid Scandal",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 3:15pm PT with Wells Fargo statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe chairman and chief executive of Wells Fargo & Co., John Stumpf, has resigned effective immediately in the aftermath of a scandal over the bank's past practice of secretly selling services to unsuspecting customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf will be replaced by President and Chief Operating Officer Timothy Sloan, long considered to be Stumpf's eventual successor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo has been hammered in recent weeks by critics who say the bank unfairly took advantage of customers to meet sales targets. In September, the bank agreed to pay $185 million to settle charges that it had opened as many as 2 million accounts without the knowledge or approval of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank's board already had sought to discipline Stumpf by requiring him to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495649072/report-wells-fargo-considers-clawing-back-executive-pay-over-fake-account-scanda\">forfeit $41 million\u003c/a> in unvested equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161012006336/en/\">statement\u003c/a>, Wells Fargo Lead Director Stephen Sanger said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"John Stumpf has dedicated his professional life to banking, successfully leading Wells Fargo through the financial crisis and the largest merger in banking history, and helping to create one of the strongest and most well-known financial services companies in the world. However, he believes new leadership at this time is appropriate to guide Wells Fargo through its current challenges and take the Company forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf joined Wells Fargo in 1982 and became the bank's CEO in June 2007 and its chairman in January 2010, according to the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no mention of the scandal that led to Stumpf's two \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/09/20/warren-slams-gutless-leadership-wells-fargo-during-senate-hearing/kHSvtvES0Uskjbg8QVf6gP/story.html\">appearances before Congress,\u003c/a> where he faced \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2016/09/29/investing/wells-fargo-john-stumpf-hearing-congress/index.html\">bipartisan wrath\u003c/a> over the bank's sales practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wells+Fargo+CEO+John+Stumpf+Resigns+Amid+Scandal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated at 3:15pm PT with Wells Fargo statement.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nThe chairman and chief executive of Wells Fargo & Co., John Stumpf, has resigned effective immediately in the aftermath of a scandal over the bank's past practice of secretly selling services to unsuspecting customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf will be replaced by President and Chief Operating Officer Timothy Sloan, long considered to be Stumpf's eventual successor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wells Fargo has been hammered in recent weeks by critics who say the bank unfairly took advantage of customers to meet sales targets. In September, the bank agreed to pay $185 million to settle charges that it had opened as many as 2 million accounts without the knowledge or approval of customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bank's board already had sought to discipline Stumpf by requiring him to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/27/495649072/report-wells-fargo-considers-clawing-back-executive-pay-over-fake-account-scanda\">forfeit $41 million\u003c/a> in unvested equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20161012006336/en/\">statement\u003c/a>, Wells Fargo Lead Director Stephen Sanger said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"John Stumpf has dedicated his professional life to banking, successfully leading Wells Fargo through the financial crisis and the largest merger in banking history, and helping to create one of the strongest and most well-known financial services companies in the world. However, he believes new leadership at this time is appropriate to guide Wells Fargo through its current challenges and take the Company forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stumpf joined Wells Fargo in 1982 and became the bank's CEO in June 2007 and its chairman in January 2010, according to the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no mention of the scandal that led to Stumpf's two \u003ca href=\"https://www.bostonglobe.com/news/politics/2016/09/20/warren-slams-gutless-leadership-wells-fargo-during-senate-hearing/kHSvtvES0Uskjbg8QVf6gP/story.html\">appearances before Congress,\u003c/a> where he faced \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2016/09/29/investing/wells-fargo-john-stumpf-hearing-congress/index.html\">bipartisan wrath\u003c/a> over the bank's sales practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wells+Fargo+CEO+John+Stumpf+Resigns+Amid+Scandal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/10/explainer-why-and-how-kids-end-up-in-adult-court/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Direct file\u003c/a> is a practice by which a district attorney — not a judge — can decide if a minor as young as 14 will go to adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice is used differently across California’s 58 counties. But whether direct file will continue to be used in the state is up for a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s on the ballot this November under \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/measure/2020/info/proposition-57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 57\u003c/a>, a broader criminal justice reform initiative backed by Gov. Jerry Brown. If it passes, young people would be required to have a hearing in front of a judge to determine whether their trial would go to adult court or stay in the juvenile system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates believe ending direct file would reduce the number of youth cases that end up in adult court, making the whole state more like counties such as San Francisco, a place that rarely uses direct file.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287149849″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have 58 counties, 58 different systems, you have 58 different approaches,” says Dan Macallair, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His organization recently released a report called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/do_politics_influence_the_prosecution_of_youth_as_adults.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Justice by Geography.\u003c/a>” According to the report, kids arrested for a felony are 2.4 times more likely to be direct-filed in counties with a Republican as the chief district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“District attorneys are elected,” Macallair says. “A lot of people get elected based upon how tough they are on crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, like UC Berkeley criminologist Barry Krisberg, say direct file is increasingly used in rural and Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from politics, others say the uneven use of direct file depends on demographics. “By and large it’s African-American and Hispanic,” says Arthur Bowie, supervisor of the Juvenile Division in the Sacramento County Public Defender’s Office. Of the district attorneys, he says, “It’s not so much that they purposefully look at this and say, ‘Oh I got this black kid I have to direct-file on.’ I think there’s just this indifference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”tSseH4028e87svIvjGfOxrtQoAgtyj3F”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County’s rate of direct file is\u003ca href=\"http://casi.cjcj.org/Juvenile/2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> roughly double that of California’s as a whole\u003c/a>. The team of Sacramento prosecutors who make decisions about direct file say they don’t believe race is what’s at play. And just like the district attorney, a judge — who would be making the decisions about sending a juvenile’s case to adult court if Proposition 57 passes — is also elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Grippi, Sacramento’s chief deputy district attorney, says one reason for Sacramento’s high rate of direct file is resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have as many options as the other counties,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes counties like San Francisco. The direct-file rate in San Francisco is consistently at the bottom of these charts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can be in part attributed to a focus on preventative education programs like the one that happened on a recent Tuesday night at the \u003ca href=\"http://3rdstyouth.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic\u003c/a> in San Francisco’s Bayview neighborhood, a historically black community in southeast San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This workshop has 10 students who sit around white circular tables in a room with brightly colored walls. They range in age from 12 to 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facilitator Lisa Thurau divides the students into two teams and prompts them to choose their representative avatars. Minutes later team Marilyn Monroe faces off against team Abraham Lincoln in a game of “Juvenile Justice Jeopardy,” the San Francisco version. Thurau developed this game through her nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://strategiesforyouth.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Strategies for Youth\u003c/a>, and has traveled from her home of Cambridge, Massachusetts, to bring the game to San Francisco and train future facilitators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11125399\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11125399 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of "Juvenile Justice Jeopardy," a game youth at the 3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic in San Francisco's Bayview neighborhood are playing while learning about the justice system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-800x504.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-400x252.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-1180x743.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-960x605.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screen shot of ‘Juvenile Justice Jeopardy,’ a game that youth at the 3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic in San Francisco’s Bayview neighborhood are playing while learning about the justice system. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thurau reads a recently selected question out loud: “At what age can you legally buy cigarettes and smoke? Not that you should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students call out answers, getting points for the right ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This workshop is happening in large part due to yet another organization — this one’s called BMAGIC. It was created in 2004 by the San Francisco Public Defender’s Office in collaboration with community-based organizations. It represents one of the city’s efforts to address justice and crime at a local neighborhood level before young offenders end up in the juvenile justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some counties write off San Francisco as too different. It’s a place with tech money, and unlike most counties, which include many cities, San Francisco has just one. That means it has one school district and one police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But prosecutor Jean Roland says the real magic starts with the mentality of the district attorney’s office. They report using direct file three times a year on the high end, and some years they haven’t used it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we all share a common thought process of trying to cut off that prison pipeline,” Roland says. “If we don’t do it when they’re younger, when they have a chance, it becomes harder and harder to do that as they reach adulthood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roland points to\u003ca href=\"http://hrweb.mit.edu/worklife/youngadult/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> studies\u003c/a> that say a young person’s brain is still developing until their mid-20s. That research is not something all counties value, but in San Francisco the staff repeat it again and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patricia Lee, managing attorney of the San Francisco Public Defender’s Juvenile Division, started working at her office over 30 years ago, a time when she says San Francisco didn’t have many good options to rehabilitate youth. She says she gets how people from other counties may feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11127016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"Patricia Lee, managing attorney of the San Francisco Public Defender’s Juvenile Division, holds artwork that she feels demonstrates the challenges many of her clients face. \" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11127016\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-800x543.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-400x271.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-1180x801.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-960x652.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Lee, managing attorney of the San Francisco Public Defender’s Juvenile Division, holds artwork that she feels demonstrates the challenges many of her clients face.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-five years ago we were in that position, too,” Lee says. But she and her colleagues have gotten creative, she says, and other counties, no matter how different, can do the same. She recommends applying for federal grants, collaborating with other departments across the cities, and even partnering with nearby counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee says these approaches contribute to the declining number of youth involved in San Francisco’s juvenile justice system — 1,500 kids in 2005 and around 600 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates say that if Proposition 57 passes, it will be symbolic of a shift in attitudes toward kids in the justice system. And, they believe, it will lead to fewer young people in adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the 3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic, Thurau raises another question: “How old do you have to be to be sent to adult court?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody gets that one right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/10/explainer-why-and-how-kids-end-up-in-adult-court/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Direct file\u003c/a> is a practice by which a district attorney — not a judge — can decide if a minor as young as 14 will go to adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice is used differently across California’s 58 counties. But whether direct file will continue to be used in the state is up for a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s on the ballot this November under \u003ca href=\"http://elections.kqed.org/measure/2020/info/proposition-57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 57\u003c/a>, a broader criminal justice reform initiative backed by Gov. Jerry Brown. If it passes, young people would be required to have a hearing in front of a judge to determine whether their trial would go to adult court or stay in the juvenile system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates believe ending direct file would reduce the number of youth cases that end up in adult court, making the whole state more like counties such as San Francisco, a place that rarely uses direct file.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287149849″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287149849″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have 58 counties, 58 different systems, you have 58 different approaches,” says Dan Macallair, executive director of the Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His organization recently released a report called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/do_politics_influence_the_prosecution_of_youth_as_adults.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Justice by Geography.\u003c/a>” According to the report, kids arrested for a felony are 2.4 times more likely to be direct-filed in counties with a Republican as the chief district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“District attorneys are elected,” Macallair says. “A lot of people get elected based upon how tough they are on crime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other experts, like UC Berkeley criminologist Barry Krisberg, say direct file is increasingly used in rural and Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apart from politics, others say the uneven use of direct file depends on demographics. “By and large it’s African-American and Hispanic,” says Arthur Bowie, supervisor of the Juvenile Division in the Sacramento County Public Defender’s Office. Of the district attorneys, he says, “It’s not so much that they purposefully look at this and say, ‘Oh I got this black kid I have to direct-file on.’ I think there’s just this indifference.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento County’s rate of direct file is\u003ca href=\"http://casi.cjcj.org/Juvenile/2014\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> roughly double that of California’s as a whole\u003c/a>. The team of Sacramento prosecutors who make decisions about direct file say they don’t believe race is what’s at play. And just like the district attorney, a judge — who would be making the decisions about sending a juvenile’s case to adult court if Proposition 57 passes — is also elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Grippi, Sacramento’s chief deputy district attorney, says one reason for Sacramento’s high rate of direct file is resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have as many options as the other counties,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes counties like San Francisco. The direct-file rate in San Francisco is consistently at the bottom of these charts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This can be in part attributed to a focus on preventative education programs like the one that happened on a recent Tuesday night at the \u003ca href=\"http://3rdstyouth.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic\u003c/a> in San Francisco’s Bayview neighborhood, a historically black community in southeast San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This workshop has 10 students who sit around white circular tables in a room with brightly colored walls. They range in age from 12 to 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facilitator Lisa Thurau divides the students into two teams and prompts them to choose their representative avatars. Minutes later team Marilyn Monroe faces off against team Abraham Lincoln in a game of “Juvenile Justice Jeopardy,” the San Francisco version. Thurau developed this game through her nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://strategiesforyouth.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Strategies for Youth\u003c/a>, and has traveled from her home of Cambridge, Massachusetts, to bring the game to San Francisco and train future facilitators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11125399\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11125399 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-800x504.jpg\" alt=\"A screenshot of "Juvenile Justice Jeopardy," a game youth at the 3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic in San Francisco's Bayview neighborhood are playing while learning about the justice system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"504\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-800x504.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-400x252.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-1180x743.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21394_RS21393_alt_510-qut-960x605.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A screen shot of ‘Juvenile Justice Jeopardy,’ a game that youth at the 3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic in San Francisco’s Bayview neighborhood are playing while learning about the justice system. \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Thurau reads a recently selected question out loud: “At what age can you legally buy cigarettes and smoke? Not that you should.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students call out answers, getting points for the right ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This workshop is happening in large part due to yet another organization — this one’s called BMAGIC. It was created in 2004 by the San Francisco Public Defender’s Office in collaboration with community-based organizations. It represents one of the city’s efforts to address justice and crime at a local neighborhood level before young offenders end up in the juvenile justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some counties write off San Francisco as too different. It’s a place with tech money, and unlike most counties, which include many cities, San Francisco has just one. That means it has one school district and one police department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But prosecutor Jean Roland says the real magic starts with the mentality of the district attorney’s office. They report using direct file three times a year on the high end, and some years they haven’t used it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we all share a common thought process of trying to cut off that prison pipeline,” Roland says. “If we don’t do it when they’re younger, when they have a chance, it becomes harder and harder to do that as they reach adulthood.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roland points to\u003ca href=\"http://hrweb.mit.edu/worklife/youngadult/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> studies\u003c/a> that say a young person’s brain is still developing until their mid-20s. That research is not something all counties value, but in San Francisco the staff repeat it again and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patricia Lee, managing attorney of the San Francisco Public Defender’s Juvenile Division, started working at her office over 30 years ago, a time when she says San Francisco didn’t have many good options to rehabilitate youth. She says she gets how people from other counties may feel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11127016\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-800x543.jpg\" alt=\"Patricia Lee, managing attorney of the San Francisco Public Defender’s Juvenile Division, holds artwork that she feels demonstrates the challenges many of her clients face. \" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11127016\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-800x543.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-400x271.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-1180x801.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/PatriciaLee-960x652.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Patricia Lee, managing attorney of the San Francisco Public Defender’s Juvenile Division, holds artwork that she feels demonstrates the challenges many of her clients face.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Laura Klivans/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Twenty-five years ago we were in that position, too,” Lee says. But she and her colleagues have gotten creative, she says, and other counties, no matter how different, can do the same. She recommends applying for federal grants, collaborating with other departments across the cities, and even partnering with nearby counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee says these approaches contribute to the declining number of youth involved in San Francisco’s juvenile justice system — 1,500 kids in 2005 and around 600 today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates say that if Proposition 57 passes, it will be symbolic of a shift in attitudes toward kids in the justice system. And, they believe, it will lead to fewer young people in adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back at the 3rd Street Youth Center & Clinic, Thurau raises another question: “How old do you have to be to be sent to adult court?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nobody gets that one right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Federal Review of SFPD Finds Major Faults in Every Area Assessed",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 6:30 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 12\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vast federal report more than nine months in the making found San Francisco's Police Department has \"concerning deficiencies in every operational area assessed,\" including use of force, bias, community policing, accountability, recruitment, hiring and promotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice report comes after at least 18 months of tumult in the approximately 2,000-officer police force, beginning in March 2015 with the release of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">batch of racist, homophobic and sexist text messages\u003c/a> swapped by a group of officers. The city reeled and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/18/court-ruling-san-francisco-police-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">unsuccessfully\u003c/a> moved to fire or otherwise discipline 14 officers involved, but a court challenge funded by the officers' union has kept them on the SFPD payroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287404508\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in December 2015, a black man suspected of stabbing someone earlier in the day was confronted by more than a dozen SFPD officers as a bus full of onlookers watched, many recording with their cellphones. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods/\" target=\"_blank\">Mario Woods\u003c/a> was holding a knife, but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing/\" target=\"_blank\">video analysis\u003c/a> of his fatal shooting by five SFPD officers shows he was not threatening anyone with it when the first in a barrage of gunshots erupted. Shortly after, then-Police Chief Greg Suhr \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/07/s-f-mayor-pushes-police-to-fast-track-use-of-force-reform-chief-calls-in-feds/\" target=\"_blank\">called for the review\u003c/a> that would produce the report issued Wednesday, while others in the city requested a stronger Department of Justice civil rights investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not a civil rights-lite investigation,\" said Jonathan Smith, a Washington, D.C.-based attorney who headed the section of the DOJ that conducted those investigations from 2010 to 2015. \"It's not an alternative. It's something very different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because the \u003ca href=\"https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0817-pub.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">432-page review\u003c/a> conducted by the DOJ's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) -- which includes 94 findings and 272 recommendations -- lacks any kind of enforcement mechanism that the Civil Rights Division carries out through federal courts. Smith said the COPS office has been very successful at instigating reform of individual issues in other police departments around the country since the creation of its \"Collaborative Reform\" initiative in 2011, but findings as comprehensive as those about the San Francisco Police Department represent an expansion of the office's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11127414\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"COPS office Director Ron Davis shares findings and recommendations for the SFPD during a press conference where he was joined by U.S. Attorney Brian Stretch, San Francisco Mayor Ed lee, and Interim Police Chief Toney Chaplin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11127414\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">COPS office Director Ron Davis shares findings and recommendations for the SFPD during a press conference where he was joined by U.S. Attorney Brian Stretch, San Francisco Mayor Ed lee, and Interim Police Chief Toney Chaplin. \u003ccite>(Nicole Reinert/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I think the record on badly broken departments being able to fix themselves is not good,\" he said. \"The findings suggest a very serious problem with the culture in the department. It appears there has been a lack of meaningful accountability for a long time and that race bias is part of that culture. ... Without a detailed, enforceable agreement, I am skeptical of the ability of any chief to sustain the reform process over the years that it will take. This is a long, arduous process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the office stressed at the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/department-of-justice-to-conduct-review-of-san-francisco-police-department/\" target=\"_blank\">announcement\u003c/a> of their review in February that its findings and recommendations are \"absolutely enforceable in the court of public opinion,\" and that it would be up to city leadership, the Police Department and San Francisco residents to make sure they're implemented. Suhr and his acting replacement, Toney Chaplin, have committed to treating the recommendations as binding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The San Francisco Police Department will accept and implement every single recommendation,\" city Mayor Ed Lee said at a Wednesday press conference announcing the findings. \"We must restore trust and these measures are important steps forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s going to be painful up front but rewarding in the back end,\" Chaplin said. \"This past year has not been easy for any of us, not this department or this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's introduction commends the SFPD's \"courage and leadership to open [the] department to scrutiny,\" and \"[n]otwithstanding the deficiencies noted ... also found a police department wanting to provide fair and unbiased policing while protecting the community.\"\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"xvYuhpLv9iIKMq0wMcwv0B1dP3sseouF\"]\u003cbr>\nBut in its findings, institutional foot-dragging is apparent. For example, the department committed early on to audit officers' text and email communications for evidence of bias, like that exposed by bigoted text messages exposed through criminal investigations. But the department never followed through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SFPD members who were tasked with advancing the audit did not display appropriate understanding of the importance of such an audit. Members were more focused on explaining why such an audit was not a good idea,\" the report says. \"This type of disconnect between policy and action is unacceptable. The SFPD must be willing to become more transparent and accountable to the public it serves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin said the audit had since been launched, and its results would eventually be made public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use of Force\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The COPS office found that nine out of the 11 people killed by SFPD officers since May 2013 were people of color, and years later all but one of those cases remain open, long after the involved officers have returned to duty. The report commends a redrafting of SFPD's rules governing use of force, but expresses concern that the new rules have not been implemented as they languish in closed-door negotiations between the city and the police officers' union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department does not adequately document or investigate use of force, according to its own current policies, the report says. That's true for relatively minor incidents all the way up to officer-involved shootings.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"xLXvjUl0OJ7IcVTJ5YxxbqacjL0QaJKs\"]\u003cbr>\nThe department's officer-involved shooting investigation files \"are incomplete with no consistent report structure.\" The way the Police Department tracks use-of-force incidents defies scientific analysis, and the race or ethnicity of the people on the receiving end of force is not associated with the incident. In sum, it's difficult to tell whether SFPD officers use greater force on people of color, because the department doesn't track it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report encourages the city to again consider deploying electronic control weapons, commonly known by the brand name Taser, but does not categorically state that SFPD should deploy the weapons. It does recommend banning use of the carotid restraint (sleeper hold) and shooting at moving vehicles, both of which are points of contention in the city's negotiations with the police officers' union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re now starting to debate about things that are just bad practices,\" COPS office Director Ron Davis said. \"The Department of Justice will not waiver in its position on the carotid restraint: It should be prohibited. We will not waiver about shooting at moving vehicles: It should not occur.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, San Francisco Police Officers' Association President Martin Halloran said \"tremendous progress\" had been made in the closed-door negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe there are some good recommendations, and others that we don't entirely agree with,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The COPS office found that SFPD has several policies that aim to root out bias and promote fair and impartial policing, but they are outdated and far from institutionalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Community perceptions that biased behaviors exist in the SFPD were exacerbated by the explicit bias demonstrated by SFPD officers in the texting scandals and the subsequent failure to take appropriate action,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It notes a dearth of official findings that any SFPD officer has engaged in biased policing in the past three years, while at the same time noting disproportionate stops, searches and arrests of African-Americans and Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report found 37 percent of the department's nearly 550 use-of-force incidents over three years starting in May 2013 involved African Americans. Thirty-five percent involved whites and 18 percent Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black drivers were also disproportionately pulled over in relation to their overall numbers in the driving population, according to the report. Nearly 15 percent of 330,000 traffic stops involved African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Community Policing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's in its name, so you can bet the idea that police officers are dedicated to tenets of community policing is important to the COPS office. The report found SFPD's policies on the subject to be \"out of date and no longer relevant,\" and that if community policing exists in San Francisco, it is an exception rather than an institutionalized practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How law enforcement and individual officers conduct their affairs matters,\" said Brian Stretch, U.S. Attorney for California's Northern District. \"How officers speak to members of the community matters. How officers treat members of the community matters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And like almost everything else the COPS office examined, community policing efforts in San Francisco are not adequately tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accountability\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report is sprinkled with damning anecdotes of things the federal reviewers encountered during their nine-month probe. In one example, an officer was tasked with reviewing his own use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It discusses internal affairs investigators being blocked by supervisors from interviewing officers suspected of misconduct, and a lack of collaboration with external oversight, like the city's Office of Citizen Complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At present, the culture of the SFPD is not directed toward building an environment of accountability,\" the report says. \"Policies are disregarded, and the investigations are not robust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recruitment, Hiring and Promotions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report found \"disjointed\" recruitment and hiring procedures in the Police Department, and some background investigators may be able to derail a potential police recruit because he or she \" 'does not fit the image' or 'does not look like' what the investigator believes a police officer should look like.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the COPS office found a high level of diversity in SFPD candidates entering the police academy. But that diversity is not represented in the department's higher ranks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On one hand, San Francisco does have more diversity than most departments around the country,\" Davis said. \"We don’t see the same diversity once you start looking at specialized assignments or promotional opportunities, and that’s significant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conclusions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The COPS report provides an extensive evaluation of the SFPD, but experts not affiliated with the city, its Police Department or COPS itself question its feasibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former DOJ Civil Rights Division attorney Jonathan Smith questioned whether the SFPD, even if its leadership wanted to, could really implement such sweeping reforms without federal court oversight. He said the COPS office has proved itself extremely capable at \"finding the problems and even identifying solutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But it worries me, what a chief does when they receive a report like that,\" he said. \"There's a tremendous benefit to having a [court-enforceable] comprehensive agreement because it gives you something to rely on when you go to the City Council and when you're negotiating with the police officers' union. ... Unless you've got an extraordinary environment of political will, it's going to be very hard to make that kind of comprehensive reform.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This report was updated with comments from U.S. Attorney Brian Stretch, COPS office Director Ron Davis, San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee, Interim Police Chief Toney Chaplin, and additional comments from former DOJ Civil Rights Division attorney Jonathan Smith.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 6:30 p.m. Wednesday, Oct. 12\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A vast federal report more than nine months in the making found San Francisco's Police Department has \"concerning deficiencies in every operational area assessed,\" including use of force, bias, community policing, accountability, recruitment, hiring and promotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Justice report comes after at least 18 months of tumult in the approximately 2,000-officer police force, beginning in March 2015 with the release of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">batch of racist, homophobic and sexist text messages\u003c/a> swapped by a group of officers. The city reeled and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/18/court-ruling-san-francisco-police-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">unsuccessfully\u003c/a> moved to fire or otherwise discipline 14 officers involved, but a court challenge funded by the officers' union has kept them on the SFPD payroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287404508&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287404508'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in December 2015, a black man suspected of stabbing someone earlier in the day was confronted by more than a dozen SFPD officers as a bus full of onlookers watched, many recording with their cellphones. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods/\" target=\"_blank\">Mario Woods\u003c/a> was holding a knife, but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing/\" target=\"_blank\">video analysis\u003c/a> of his fatal shooting by five SFPD officers shows he was not threatening anyone with it when the first in a barrage of gunshots erupted. Shortly after, then-Police Chief Greg Suhr \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/07/s-f-mayor-pushes-police-to-fast-track-use-of-force-reform-chief-calls-in-feds/\" target=\"_blank\">called for the review\u003c/a> that would produce the report issued Wednesday, while others in the city requested a stronger Department of Justice civil rights investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not a civil rights-lite investigation,\" said Jonathan Smith, a Washington, D.C.-based attorney who headed the section of the DOJ that conducted those investigations from 2010 to 2015. \"It's not an alternative. It's something very different.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because the \u003ca href=\"https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0817-pub.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">432-page review\u003c/a> conducted by the DOJ's Office of Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) -- which includes 94 findings and 272 recommendations -- lacks any kind of enforcement mechanism that the Civil Rights Division carries out through federal courts. Smith said the COPS office has been very successful at instigating reform of individual issues in other police departments around the country since the creation of its \"Collaborative Reform\" initiative in 2011, but findings as comprehensive as those about the San Francisco Police Department represent an expansion of the office's work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11127414\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"COPS office Director Ron Davis shares findings and recommendations for the SFPD during a press conference where he was joined by U.S. Attorney Brian Stretch, San Francisco Mayor Ed lee, and Interim Police Chief Toney Chaplin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11127414\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21449_IMG_6828-qut-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">COPS office Director Ron Davis shares findings and recommendations for the SFPD during a press conference where he was joined by U.S. Attorney Brian Stretch, San Francisco Mayor Ed lee, and Interim Police Chief Toney Chaplin. \u003ccite>(Nicole Reinert/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I think the record on badly broken departments being able to fix themselves is not good,\" he said. \"The findings suggest a very serious problem with the culture in the department. It appears there has been a lack of meaningful accountability for a long time and that race bias is part of that culture. ... Without a detailed, enforceable agreement, I am skeptical of the ability of any chief to sustain the reform process over the years that it will take. This is a long, arduous process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the office stressed at the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/department-of-justice-to-conduct-review-of-san-francisco-police-department/\" target=\"_blank\">announcement\u003c/a> of their review in February that its findings and recommendations are \"absolutely enforceable in the court of public opinion,\" and that it would be up to city leadership, the Police Department and San Francisco residents to make sure they're implemented. Suhr and his acting replacement, Toney Chaplin, have committed to treating the recommendations as binding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The San Francisco Police Department will accept and implement every single recommendation,\" city Mayor Ed Lee said at a Wednesday press conference announcing the findings. \"We must restore trust and these measures are important steps forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s going to be painful up front but rewarding in the back end,\" Chaplin said. \"This past year has not been easy for any of us, not this department or this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's introduction commends the SFPD's \"courage and leadership to open [the] department to scrutiny,\" and \"[n]otwithstanding the deficiencies noted ... also found a police department wanting to provide fair and unbiased policing while protecting the community.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nBut in its findings, institutional foot-dragging is apparent. For example, the department committed early on to audit officers' text and email communications for evidence of bias, like that exposed by bigoted text messages exposed through criminal investigations. But the department never followed through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SFPD members who were tasked with advancing the audit did not display appropriate understanding of the importance of such an audit. Members were more focused on explaining why such an audit was not a good idea,\" the report says. \"This type of disconnect between policy and action is unacceptable. The SFPD must be willing to become more transparent and accountable to the public it serves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chaplin said the audit had since been launched, and its results would eventually be made public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use of Force\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The COPS office found that nine out of the 11 people killed by SFPD officers since May 2013 were people of color, and years later all but one of those cases remain open, long after the involved officers have returned to duty. The report commends a redrafting of SFPD's rules governing use of force, but expresses concern that the new rules have not been implemented as they languish in closed-door negotiations between the city and the police officers' union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department does not adequately document or investigate use of force, according to its own current policies, the report says. That's true for relatively minor incidents all the way up to officer-involved shootings.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThe department's officer-involved shooting investigation files \"are incomplete with no consistent report structure.\" The way the Police Department tracks use-of-force incidents defies scientific analysis, and the race or ethnicity of the people on the receiving end of force is not associated with the incident. In sum, it's difficult to tell whether SFPD officers use greater force on people of color, because the department doesn't track it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report encourages the city to again consider deploying electronic control weapons, commonly known by the brand name Taser, but does not categorically state that SFPD should deploy the weapons. It does recommend banning use of the carotid restraint (sleeper hold) and shooting at moving vehicles, both of which are points of contention in the city's negotiations with the police officers' union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re now starting to debate about things that are just bad practices,\" COPS office Director Ron Davis said. \"The Department of Justice will not waiver in its position on the carotid restraint: It should be prohibited. We will not waiver about shooting at moving vehicles: It should not occur.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, San Francisco Police Officers' Association President Martin Halloran said \"tremendous progress\" had been made in the closed-door negotiations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe there are some good recommendations, and others that we don't entirely agree with,\" he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bias\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The COPS office found that SFPD has several policies that aim to root out bias and promote fair and impartial policing, but they are outdated and far from institutionalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Community perceptions that biased behaviors exist in the SFPD were exacerbated by the explicit bias demonstrated by SFPD officers in the texting scandals and the subsequent failure to take appropriate action,\" the report says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It notes a dearth of official findings that any SFPD officer has engaged in biased policing in the past three years, while at the same time noting disproportionate stops, searches and arrests of African-Americans and Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report found 37 percent of the department's nearly 550 use-of-force incidents over three years starting in May 2013 involved African Americans. Thirty-five percent involved whites and 18 percent Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Black drivers were also disproportionately pulled over in relation to their overall numbers in the driving population, according to the report. Nearly 15 percent of 330,000 traffic stops involved African Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Community Policing\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's in its name, so you can bet the idea that police officers are dedicated to tenets of community policing is important to the COPS office. The report found SFPD's policies on the subject to be \"out of date and no longer relevant,\" and that if community policing exists in San Francisco, it is an exception rather than an institutionalized practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How law enforcement and individual officers conduct their affairs matters,\" said Brian Stretch, U.S. Attorney for California's Northern District. \"How officers speak to members of the community matters. How officers treat members of the community matters.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And like almost everything else the COPS office examined, community policing efforts in San Francisco are not adequately tracked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accountability\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report is sprinkled with damning anecdotes of things the federal reviewers encountered during their nine-month probe. In one example, an officer was tasked with reviewing his own use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It discusses internal affairs investigators being blocked by supervisors from interviewing officers suspected of misconduct, and a lack of collaboration with external oversight, like the city's Office of Citizen Complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At present, the culture of the SFPD is not directed toward building an environment of accountability,\" the report says. \"Policies are disregarded, and the investigations are not robust.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Recruitment, Hiring and Promotions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report found \"disjointed\" recruitment and hiring procedures in the Police Department, and some background investigators may be able to derail a potential police recruit because he or she \" 'does not fit the image' or 'does not look like' what the investigator believes a police officer should look like.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nevertheless, the COPS office found a high level of diversity in SFPD candidates entering the police academy. But that diversity is not represented in the department's higher ranks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"On one hand, San Francisco does have more diversity than most departments around the country,\" Davis said. \"We don’t see the same diversity once you start looking at specialized assignments or promotional opportunities, and that’s significant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Conclusions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The COPS report provides an extensive evaluation of the SFPD, but experts not affiliated with the city, its Police Department or COPS itself question its feasibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former DOJ Civil Rights Division attorney Jonathan Smith questioned whether the SFPD, even if its leadership wanted to, could really implement such sweeping reforms without federal court oversight. He said the COPS office has proved itself extremely capable at \"finding the problems and even identifying solutions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But it worries me, what a chief does when they receive a report like that,\" he said. \"There's a tremendous benefit to having a [court-enforceable] comprehensive agreement because it gives you something to rely on when you go to the City Council and when you're negotiating with the police officers' union. ... Unless you've got an extraordinary environment of political will, it's going to be very hard to make that kind of comprehensive reform.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This report was updated with comments from U.S. Attorney Brian Stretch, COPS office Director Ron Davis, San Francisco Mayor Ed Lee, Interim Police Chief Toney Chaplin, and additional comments from former DOJ Civil Rights Division attorney Jonathan Smith.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, October 24, 10:15 a.m. to include more information on the initial crime.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night in 2009, in his hometown of Watsonville, California, Daniel Mendoza and his friends got into a fight with an older man. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/ZZ/20090804/NEWS/908049870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Cruz Sentinel\u003c/a>, the group was accused of “chasing, then beating and stabbing” the victim. The victim ultimately died in what the publication called a “brutal gang killing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was only after the fact that I sat down in my room and just kind of couldn’t believe what I had done,” Mendoza says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened next was hard for the 14-year-old to understand. Instead of being tried in juvenile court, his case was sent to adult court by Santa Cruz County’s district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is called direct file, and in November Californians are voting on whether to reform it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287019539″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 17 measures on this year’s ballot is Proposition 57, consisting of two main sections:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One section allows eligible nonviolent inmates to be considered for early release if they participate in educational programs and exercise good behavior while in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other half of the proposition is aimed at reforming the practice of direct file — when a minor between the ages of 14 and 17 is transferred to adult court without a hearing in front of a judge, meaning the prosecutor is the one making the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates argue that direct file hinders due process. The decision to send a young person’s case to adult court is made privately by the county district attorney’s office. Those supporting reform say it would be more just to have a hearing in front of a judge where both the prosecution and defense can present their sides, and the judge would make the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of hearing is used in some circumstances, and if Proposition 57 passes, it would be required for all juvenile cases transferred to adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of Proposition 57 also say the impacts of sending a young person to adult court, rather than remaining in juvenile court, are huge: The youth will likely get a longer sentence, be more likely to commit another crime when released, and more likely to experience violence while incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District attorneys say direct file is reserved for only the most serious cases, which they believe would end up in adult court regardless. It can be a helpful tool that can save time and resources in an already bogged-down legal system. And in counties with limited rehabilitative options, district attorneys may feel direct file is the best way to keep the larger community safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”RG5bEvcEOeFcAjodBOwpUK4RGErmajQw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza was a 14-year-old when his case was sent to adult court. There, the prosecutor proposed a sentence of 50 years to life in prison. But Mendoza’s lawyer fought it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Mendoza was in Santa Cruz’s juvenile hall. There, slowly, he changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly, I was investing in my education,” he says. “I started not only to show up but do the work. One of the lead teachers got me to take college courses. Where I come from we don’t think about graduating high school, let alone going to college.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He graduated from high school while in juvenile hall, and took more college courses. He built positive relationships with mentors and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four and a half years in, while Mendoza’s trial was still going on, the teenager got a surprise: His case was bumped back to juvenile court, where he was convicted of first-degree murder as a juvenile. This meant his sentence would be a lot shorter than the 50 years he could have gotten in adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, in part because he had changed so much while in juvenile hall, he was released a few months later, spending less than five years incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw the trees, I saw grass,” he recalls. “Inside the institution there was no grass at all. My feet forgot what it was like to step on grass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Mendoza is 21 years old and a junior at University of California, Davis. He wants to work on policy reform in the juvenile justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what helped my situation is I was given rehabilitative services,” he says. “I was given school, programs, mentors. And that changed the whole picture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Monday, October 24, 10:15 a.m. to include more information on the initial crime.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One night in 2009, in his hometown of Watsonville, California, Daniel Mendoza and his friends got into a fight with an older man. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/ZZ/20090804/NEWS/908049870\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Cruz Sentinel\u003c/a>, the group was accused of “chasing, then beating and stabbing” the victim. The victim ultimately died in what the publication called a “brutal gang killing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was only after the fact that I sat down in my room and just kind of couldn’t believe what I had done,” Mendoza says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happened next was hard for the 14-year-old to understand. Instead of being tried in juvenile court, his case was sent to adult court by Santa Cruz County’s district attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is called direct file, and in November Californians are voting on whether to reform it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287019539″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/287019539″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the 17 measures on this year’s ballot is Proposition 57, consisting of two main sections:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One section allows eligible nonviolent inmates to be considered for early release if they participate in educational programs and exercise good behavior while in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other half of the proposition is aimed at reforming the practice of direct file — when a minor between the ages of 14 and 17 is transferred to adult court without a hearing in front of a judge, meaning the prosecutor is the one making the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Youth advocates argue that direct file hinders due process. The decision to send a young person’s case to adult court is made privately by the county district attorney’s office. Those supporting reform say it would be more just to have a hearing in front of a judge where both the prosecution and defense can present their sides, and the judge would make the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of hearing is used in some circumstances, and if Proposition 57 passes, it would be required for all juvenile cases transferred to adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of Proposition 57 also say the impacts of sending a young person to adult court, rather than remaining in juvenile court, are huge: The youth will likely get a longer sentence, be more likely to commit another crime when released, and more likely to experience violence while incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District attorneys say direct file is reserved for only the most serious cases, which they believe would end up in adult court regardless. It can be a helpful tool that can save time and resources in an already bogged-down legal system. And in counties with limited rehabilitative options, district attorneys may feel direct file is the best way to keep the larger community safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mendoza was a 14-year-old when his case was sent to adult court. There, the prosecutor proposed a sentence of 50 years to life in prison. But Mendoza’s lawyer fought it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Mendoza was in Santa Cruz’s juvenile hall. There, slowly, he changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slowly, I was investing in my education,” he says. “I started not only to show up but do the work. One of the lead teachers got me to take college courses. Where I come from we don’t think about graduating high school, let alone going to college.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He graduated from high school while in juvenile hall, and took more college courses. He built positive relationships with mentors and staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four and a half years in, while Mendoza’s trial was still going on, the teenager got a surprise: His case was bumped back to juvenile court, where he was convicted of first-degree murder as a juvenile. This meant his sentence would be a lot shorter than the 50 years he could have gotten in adult court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, in part because he had changed so much while in juvenile hall, he was released a few months later, spending less than five years incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I saw the trees, I saw grass,” he recalls. “Inside the institution there was no grass at all. My feet forgot what it was like to step on grass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today Mendoza is 21 years old and a junior at University of California, Davis. He wants to work on policy reform in the juvenile justice system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what helped my situation is I was given rehabilitative services,” he says. “I was given school, programs, mentors. And that changed the whole picture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Additional support for this reporting comes from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/human-rights-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Human Rights Center\u003c/a> at the UC Berkeley School of Law and the\u003ca href=\"http://investigativereportingprogram.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Investigative Reporting Program\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Two Suspects in Richmond Attack on Sikh Man Fired From Refinery Jobs",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: October 14, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County prosecutors have just filed hate crime charges against two men in connection with the brutal attack in Richmond last month against a member of the East Bay's Sikh community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say Chase Little and Colton Leblanc beat Maan Singh Khalsa near the Hilltop Mall on Sept. 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/14/hate-crime-charges-filed-in-attack-on-sikh-man-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nOriginal Post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two men arrested in connection with a brutal attack against a 41-year-old member of the East Bay's large Sikh community have lost their jobs as contract refinery employees at a company tied to Koch Industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say Chase Little, 31, and Dustin Albarado, 25, beat Maan Singh Khalsa repeatedly, knocked off his turban and cut a fistful of hair from his head near Hilltop Mall on Sept. 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sikh Coalition, a civil rights group, is calling on the Contra Costa District Attorney's Office to prosecute the attack as a hate crime. Prosecutors are expected to make a charging decision in the case as early as Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11125561\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11125561\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303.jpg\" alt=\"Maan Singh Khalsa, Richmond resident, was attacked by three men in Richmond on Sept. 25.\" width=\"400\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1.jpg 491w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maan Singh Khalsa, Richmond resident, was attacked by three men in Richmond on Sept. 25. \u003ccite>(The Sikh Coalition)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Efforts to reach the suspects and lawyers who have represented them in the past were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for Chevron confirmed that the two men had been in the region, doing contract work for the oil company's Richmond refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron regrets this very unfortunate incident and does not tolerate this type of behavior of its employees or contractors,\" said company spokeswoman Leah Casey. \"Chevron will ensure the individuals committing these alleged acts are suspended from entering the refinery under any other employer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little and Albarado worked for Koch Specialty Plant Services, a firm that specializes in the repair and maintenance of distillation towers in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries. The company is affiliated with Koch Industries, the multinational company run by Charles and David Koch, the billionaire libertarian brothers who helped create a number of nonprofit groups that have spent hundreds of millions of dollars on political causes in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Koch Communications said the men have been fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Koch Specialty Plant Services does not tolerate this type of behavior and is appalled by the reported actions,\" said Rob Carlton. \"Although this incident took place outside of the workplace, the employees involved have been terminated and we are cooperating with the investigation of this matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlton would not comment on what specific work the men were doing in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two men were arrested\u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2016/10/07/civil-rights-group-calls-for-hate-crime-charges-in-richmond-sikh-attack/\"> on suspicion of felony assault\u003c/a> and were released on bail. Little is from Beaumont, Texas, and Albarado is from Ponchatoula, Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday Richmond Mayor Tom Butt said the city was shocked by the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We understand the pain, anger and fear this crime has caused for the victim and the Sikh community,\" Butt said in a statement. \"No one should have to experience the fear of being targeted or attacked based on their identity or for practicing their religion. I regret that this violence has penetrated our community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalsa, an IT worker and father, was driving on Hilltop Mall Drive when a man in a truck threw a beer can at his car, according to the Sikh Coalition. At a nearby intersection, three men got out of the truck and assaulted Khalsa through his open car window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After knocking off his Sikh turban and hitting his face repeatedly, they allegedly shouted \"cut his hair,\" pulled his head out of the window and cut a fistful of his hair with a knife. He sustained injuries to his fingers, hands, eye and teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An article of the Sikh faith is to keep unshorn hair. When a Sikh person's hair is cut, it denies that person the right to practice their faith, according to Harsimran Kaur, legal director for the Sikh Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The attackers caused physical injuries and deep harm when they targeted my Sikh faith,\" Khalsa said in a statement issued by the coalition. \"I urge a thorough investigation so we can address the tide of violence and bigotry in this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization sent a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sikhcoalition.org/documents/pdf/maan-singh-khalsa-10-7-2016.pdf\">letter \u003c/a>to Richmond Police Chief Allwyn Brown and Contra Costa County District Attorney Mark Peterson, urging that they investigate and prosecute the incident as a hate crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mr. Khalsa was attacked and it was completely unprovoked,\" said Kaur in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it's the latest in a series of attacks against Sikh-Americans in the last several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For a lot of people the only association they have with a turban is Osama Bin Laden or seeing pictures of al-Qaida, so there's this association of a turban with terrorism ... with being other,\" Kaur said. \"But sometimes Sikhs are simply targeted because of xenophobia ... or just a lack of understanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People just perceive them to not be a part of the fabric of this country, which is extremely sad given that Sikhs have been in the United States for over 125 years,\" Kaur said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update: October 14, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County prosecutors have just filed hate crime charges against two men in connection with the brutal attack in Richmond last month against a member of the East Bay's Sikh community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say Chase Little and Colton Leblanc beat Maan Singh Khalsa near the Hilltop Mall on Sept. 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/14/hate-crime-charges-filed-in-attack-on-sikh-man-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full report.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\nOriginal Post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two men arrested in connection with a brutal attack against a 41-year-old member of the East Bay's large Sikh community have lost their jobs as contract refinery employees at a company tied to Koch Industries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say Chase Little, 31, and Dustin Albarado, 25, beat Maan Singh Khalsa repeatedly, knocked off his turban and cut a fistful of hair from his head near Hilltop Mall on Sept. 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sikh Coalition, a civil rights group, is calling on the Contra Costa District Attorney's Office to prosecute the attack as a hate crime. Prosecutors are expected to make a charging decision in the case as early as Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11125561\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-11125561\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303.jpg\" alt=\"Maan Singh Khalsa, Richmond resident, was attacked by three men in Richmond on Sept. 25.\" width=\"400\" height=\"303\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1-400x303.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/MaanSinghKhalsa1-491x372-1.jpg 491w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Maan Singh Khalsa, Richmond resident, was attacked by three men in Richmond on Sept. 25. \u003ccite>(The Sikh Coalition)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Efforts to reach the suspects and lawyers who have represented them in the past were unsuccessful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A representative for Chevron confirmed that the two men had been in the region, doing contract work for the oil company's Richmond refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Chevron regrets this very unfortunate incident and does not tolerate this type of behavior of its employees or contractors,\" said company spokeswoman Leah Casey. \"Chevron will ensure the individuals committing these alleged acts are suspended from entering the refinery under any other employer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Little and Albarado worked for Koch Specialty Plant Services, a firm that specializes in the repair and maintenance of distillation towers in the oil, gas and petrochemical industries. The company is affiliated with Koch Industries, the multinational company run by Charles and David Koch, the billionaire libertarian brothers who helped create a number of nonprofit groups that have spent hundreds of millions of dollars on political causes in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Koch Communications said the men have been fired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Koch Specialty Plant Services does not tolerate this type of behavior and is appalled by the reported actions,\" said Rob Carlton. \"Although this incident took place outside of the workplace, the employees involved have been terminated and we are cooperating with the investigation of this matter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlton would not comment on what specific work the men were doing in Richmond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two men were arrested\u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2016/10/07/civil-rights-group-calls-for-hate-crime-charges-in-richmond-sikh-attack/\"> on suspicion of felony assault\u003c/a> and were released on bail. Little is from Beaumont, Texas, and Albarado is from Ponchatoula, Louisiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday Richmond Mayor Tom Butt said the city was shocked by the attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We understand the pain, anger and fear this crime has caused for the victim and the Sikh community,\" Butt said in a statement. \"No one should have to experience the fear of being targeted or attacked based on their identity or for practicing their religion. I regret that this violence has penetrated our community.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khalsa, an IT worker and father, was driving on Hilltop Mall Drive when a man in a truck threw a beer can at his car, according to the Sikh Coalition. At a nearby intersection, three men got out of the truck and assaulted Khalsa through his open car window.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After knocking off his Sikh turban and hitting his face repeatedly, they allegedly shouted \"cut his hair,\" pulled his head out of the window and cut a fistful of his hair with a knife. He sustained injuries to his fingers, hands, eye and teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An article of the Sikh faith is to keep unshorn hair. When a Sikh person's hair is cut, it denies that person the right to practice their faith, according to Harsimran Kaur, legal director for the Sikh Coalition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The attackers caused physical injuries and deep harm when they targeted my Sikh faith,\" Khalsa said in a statement issued by the coalition. \"I urge a thorough investigation so we can address the tide of violence and bigotry in this country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization sent a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sikhcoalition.org/documents/pdf/maan-singh-khalsa-10-7-2016.pdf\">letter \u003c/a>to Richmond Police Chief Allwyn Brown and Contra Costa County District Attorney Mark Peterson, urging that they investigate and prosecute the incident as a hate crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mr. Khalsa was attacked and it was completely unprovoked,\" said Kaur in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said it's the latest in a series of attacks against Sikh-Americans in the last several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For a lot of people the only association they have with a turban is Osama Bin Laden or seeing pictures of al-Qaida, so there's this association of a turban with terrorism ... with being other,\" Kaur said. \"But sometimes Sikhs are simply targeted because of xenophobia ... or just a lack of understanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People just perceive them to not be a part of the fabric of this country, which is extremely sad given that Sikhs have been in the United States for over 125 years,\" Kaur said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Peter Jon Shuler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
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"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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