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"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>On June 20, 2014, a bail bond agent named Dino Garcia received a phone call from an inmate in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sheriff/pages/mainjail-visiting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Clara County Main Jail\u003c/a>. The inmate, known as Riley in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html\" target=\"_blank\">court documents\u003c/a>, wasn’t calling to bail himself out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was calling about bail for another inmate who had just arrived at the jail. Riley told Garcia the new inmate was trustworthy and willing to use his homes or vehicles as collateral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia spoke to the man and then got back on the line with Riley, urging him to find more clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get me some good ones, dude, some Asians, some fucking Hindus, some good domestic violence ones,” said Garcia, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p12\" target=\"_blank\">transcript\u003c/a> of the call.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Listen to KQED's Bail Investigation Series\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/04/LewisBailBondspt1.mp3\" title=\"Bail Bonds Schemes Exposed: Part One\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/JailMirror.jpg\"]\u003cbr>\n[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/04/BailBondsPart2FixedwithLede.mp3\" title=\"Bail Bonds Schemes Exposed: Part Two\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut.jpg\"]\u003cbr>\n[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2017/04/LewisBailBondspt3.mp3\" title=\"Bail Bonds Schemes Exposed: Part Three\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/RS17524_Judge-addresses-holloway-qut.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Garcia wasn’t alone. For years, bail bond agents had been compensating inmates to drum up business in the county’s jails, according to an investigation by the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say the illegal activity, known as “bail capping,” gave agents an unfair competitive advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also put inmates and the public at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has learned that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sheriff/Pages/overview.aspx\">Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department \u003c/a>knew that bail capping was occurring in its jails, but failed to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through interviews and court records, KQED has found that at least 30 inmates in Santa Clara County jails were involved in bail-capping schemes. Those recruiters controlled access to the phones, threatened other inmates or promised cheap bail to pressure inmates to sign contracts with certain bail agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department’s lack of oversight -- and lax policies -- made it easier for agents and inmates to continue working together, in violation of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Gatekeepers of bail'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime inmates in the Santa Clara County Main Jail acted as the “gatekeepers of bail,” according to Alison Filo, the deputy district attorney tasked with prosecuting dozens of bail agents for illegal business practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Culp told KQED he started working for agents from inside the main jail about three months after he was arrested for armed robbery in 2013. He said he worked as a recruiter until he was transferred to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Facilities_Locator/PVSP.html\" target=\"_blank\">Pleasant Valley State Prison\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp said new inmates had “no choice” but to use the bail bond agents he called.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to make a phone call, inmates needed a special code. Culp said in the unit where he was serving time, new inmates weren’t given instructions on how to use the phone codes. He would “help” them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395507\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Culp says he worked as a recruiter for bail agents for three years while in Santa Clara County Main Jail on armed robbery charges. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-1020x1276.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-1180x1476.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-960x1201.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-520x650.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp.jpg 1313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Culp says he worked as a recruiter for bail agents for three years while in Santa Clara County Main Jail on armed robbery charges. \u003ccite>(From Scott Culp's case file)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I take their code,” explained Culp. “I use their code, so they’re not able to call their family to have their family bail them out. They have to go through me and through these bail agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under state law, only defendants, their family members or their attorneys can contact a bail agent to arrange bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say that bail capping creates a predatory environment in the jail. First-time inmates are especially vulnerable, because often they’re afraid and have little information. They don’t know, for example, that they may be \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/pretrial/Pages/Office-of-Pretrial-Services.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">eligible to get out of jail\u003c/a> without paying bail or to have their bail reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their instant reaction is what they see on television or what they read in the newspapers,” Filo said, “Which is, ‘I've got to get bail,’ and that sort of desperation is preyed upon by the inmates who are in custody seeking to get some benefit for themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmate-recruiters also angled to maintain that benefit by limiting their competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Garcia complained to an inmate named Alberto Solorio about another inmate who was “pushing people to Luna,” a rival bail agency, Solorio assured him that he would take care of the problem, according to an\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html\" target=\"_blank\"> investigator’s summary\u003c/a> of a phone call between the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia told Solorio to get the other inmate “rolled out (kicked out of the dorm).” Solorio responded: “That’s not even a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Visitation irregularities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp told KQED that guards were also involved in the illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said guards allowed some bail agents to visit him multiple times a week, even though he was not eligible for bail. During those visits, Culp said, agents would train him to recruit new clients, explaining what kinds of questions to ask inmates to find out their suitability for bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED submitted a public records request for the log of Culp’s visitors. In its response, the sheriff’s department said Culp had no visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia, now a former bail agent, told KQED that he saw correctional officers giving other agents special treatment, allowing them access to the jail outside of visiting hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail agents are supposed to follow the same rules as other jail visitors, according to the sheriff's department, including writing down the names of the inmates they are visiting in a log book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least one bail agent, Fernando Casillas of Aladdin Bail Bonds, was permitted to bypass visiting procedures. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533677-Casillas1.html\" target=\"_blank\">district attorney’s investigation\u003c/a>, when Casillas came into the jail to interview an inmate, he wrote “inmate” on the log book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395508\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"Fernando Casillas was one of 31 bail agents arrested by law enforcement on charges of illegal business practices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-520x650.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fernando Casillas was one of 31 bail agents arrested by law enforcement on charges of illegal business practices. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20958950626/in/album-72157657509991139/\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The inmate who Casillas interviewed was named Lakhbir Singh. Singh told investigators that a jail staff member referred him to Casillas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Singh said he was then interviewed by someone inside the jail from Aladdin Bail Bonds soon after speaking with this person working at the jail,” the investigator's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh said that neither he nor his wife called Casillas or \u003ca href=\"https://www.aladdinbailbonds.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Aladdin Bail Bonds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators were unable to identify the jail staff member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department did not respond to questions about its visitation procedures or whether it had investigated jail staff in connection with bail capping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney’s office said it did not have evidence to file charges against any guards or jail administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amy Le, president of the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Santa Clara County Correctional Peace Officers Association, said she is not aware of any officer involvement in bail capping schemes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have over 750 employees here,” she said. “We are all professional people. We do what is right even when no one is watching.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le said to her knowledge none of the employees she represents have been investigated or disciplined for bail-related misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If officers are involved in such misconduct, Le said, “They [the officers] don’t need to wear a uniform. They don’t need to work here.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11395513 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Aladdin Bail Bonds was one of seven companies whose agents were arrested for illegal business practices including \"bail capping.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aladdin Bail Bonds was one of seven companies whose agents were arrested for alleged illegal business practices, including bail capping. \u003ccite>(Jayne Lucas/\u003ca href=\"%E2%80%9Chhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20798065700/in/album-72157657509991139/%22\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department has been under \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/25/inmates-brutal-beating-death-spurs-scrutiny-and-reform-in-santa-clara-county-jails/\" target=\"_blank\">scrutiny\u003c/a> since the in-custody death of Michael Tyree on Aug. 26, 2015. Three guards are on \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/04/04/michael-tyree/\" target=\"_blank\">trial\u003c/a> for allegedly beating the mentally ill inmate to death. The guards -- Matthew Farris, Rafael Rodriguez and Jereh Lubrin -- have pleaded not guilty to second-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/scc/pages/brc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">commission\u003c/a> formed to assess operations in Santa Clara County’s jails in the wake of Tyree’s death did not address illegal activity between bail agents and inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/sanfrancisco\" target=\"_blank\">Federal Bureau of Investigation\u003c/a> would not comment on whether it is investigating the sheriff’s department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>$100 deposits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p16\" target=\"_blank\">Court records\u003c/a> show that jail administrators knew since at least 2012 that illegal bail activity was going on in the jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 6, 2012, Kevin Heilman, who was then the captain of the main jail, received an email from Sgt. Eric Liddle. A bail agent had complained to Liddle that inmates in the Main Jail were working as paid recruiters for another bail firm. Liddle recommended an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another jail sergeant wrote to Heilman in a follow-up report dated July 31, 2012, that guards had searched the cell of two inmates suspected of being involved in the scheme. They found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account. The two inmates were moved to other areas of the jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents do not indicate whether the sheriff’s department took any action against bail agents, including restricting their access to inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later, Lt. April McHugh at the Main Jail \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p34\" target=\"_blank\">emailed \u003c/a>sheriff’s department administrators about a call she received from a bail agent named Robert Silva of Amigo Bail Bonds, alleging that bail agents and inmates were still working together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395493\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395493\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"When guards searched the cell of two inmate suspected of involvement in bail capping they found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When guards searched the cell of two inmate suspected of involvement in bail capping, they found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The inmates allegedly question the new inmates as to whether they have bail and when they say they do they intimidate them to go to the other company,” McHugh wrote. “The other company sends commissary packages online anonymously to the inmate who refers the new inmate to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds like this inquiry has gone nowhere, but Mr. Silva says he has one or two ‘victims’ who are very afraid to talk, because the bail company has all of their information. I am not sure what he hopes to gain by contacting Main Jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department declined to answer questions about whether it investigated Silva’s complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the district attorney’s office launched its own bail-capping investigation and found widespread illegal activity between bail agents and jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jail accounting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jail practices made it easy for bail agents to pay recruiters with deposits into their inmate commissary accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp, the former Santa Clara County inmate, claims agents paid him $15,000 in one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED couldn’t confirm the payments to Culp. Prosecutors couldn’t either. The jail did not track deposits to commissary accounts, allowing agents to give inmates money without the jail having any record of the source of those funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would think that you would have to show some identification or something in order to provide an inmate with commissary credit or phone credit or actual cash,” Filo said. “And you don't. So they were able to freely give those sorts of benefits with no accountability or no paper trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmates leaving the Main Jail would often pass the “business” on to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff's department did not answer questions about whether it has taken measures to track commissary account deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three-way calling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail agents also compensated inmates with free phone calls. Such calls can cost \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/exploiting-inmates/Content?oid=4185319\" target=\"_blank\">$3 just to establish a connection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Clara County Main Jail records inmates’ phone calls, and jail staff are supposed to monitor them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do random monitoring,” said Le, the correctional officers’ association president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But court records show bail agents regularly used three-way calling to allow their inmate-recruiters to contact friends and family. An inmate would call an agent, who would then forward the call to a phone number that inmate provided. Jail phone records would show only that the inmate called the agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By hiding the ultimate targets of their calls, inmates could use the free calls to intimidate witnesses or run other criminal activities from behind bars, putting the public at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395222\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"For years bail bonds agents used inmates inside Santa Clara County Main Jail to drum up new business.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For years bail bonds agents used inmates inside the Santa Clara County Main Jail to drum up new business. \u003ccite>(Lisa Pickoff White/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If the bail agent then uses his or her cellphone or office phone and makes a three-way call to, for instance, that inmate’s domestic violence victim, who is protected by a restraining order, we would have no way to prove that phone call was made,” prosecutor Filo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le said if inmates are caught making three-way calls, they can have their calling privileges suspended. But, she added, the volume of jailhouse calls makes monitoring them difficult. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department declined to answer questions about whether jail staff monitored those calls or whether it has taken steps to block three-way calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said he never paid inmates with cash. But he acknowledged giving them free phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records show that during a five-month period in 2014, Garcia received 934 calls from the jail to his personal cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The bust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in the district attorney’s office started combing through thousands of recorded phone calls between bail agents and inmates in September 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late August 2015, Garcia peered through the blinds in his living room. He found his house surrounded by law enforcement officers with their guns drawn. They were pointing at him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said, ‘Holy smokes!’ ” Garcia said. “I thought I was dreaming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police arrested Garcia and booked him into the Santa Clara County Main Jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's funny, because I couldn't get through to anyone,” he said. “Everybody was in jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Garcia, law enforcement officers arrested 30 other bail bond agents. It was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2015/release083-15.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">largest bust\u003c/a> of its kind in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Filo said when the district attorney’s office first began looking into bail-capping allegations, it didn’t expect to uncover evidence against so many bail agents. She said at some point investigators had to limit the scope of their work to get through the evidence they already had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia worked for a small firm, but many of those agents were employed by some of the nation’s biggest bail providers, including Aladdin, All-Pro Bail Bonds and Bail Hotline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia will serve three months in jail for his involvement in bail capping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"The Santa Clara County District Attorney's office busted 31 bail bond agents in 2015 for illegal business practices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office busted 31 bail bond agents in 2015 for illegal business practices. \u003ccite>(Jayne Lucas/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20958801736/in/album-72157657509991139/\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of the agents who were arrested have accepted plea deals, with sentences ranging from community service to four months in jail. Seven of the cases have yet to be adjudicated. One agent, Garcia’s boss, went to trial and was found not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No charges were filed against any bail firms or inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Clayton, director of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbailcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> American Bail Coalition\u003c/a>, insisted the agents who were arrested do not represent the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t agree with people doing the alleged conduct, and if it is happening it does need to be stopped,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton said bail agents who don’t follow the rules should have their licenses revoked, but doesn’t think they should face felony charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Charity bonds'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlawful bail practices aren’t unique to Santa Clara County. In the past few years, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-former-lapd-jailer-accused-taking-bribes-20160506-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanbag.ca.gov/news/publications/2012-13GrandJuryFinalReportonlineposting.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">San Bernardino\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.orangecounty-bailbonds.com/dui-blog/394-inmate-capping-the-dirty-little-secret-inside-our-jails\" target=\"_blank\">Orange\u003c/a> counties have reported bail-capping cases. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/multimedia/0030VideoHearings/bailhearingvideo.cfm\" target=\"_blank\"> California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>, which regulates the bail industry, estimated that since 2012, complaints about illegal activity by bail agents have tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these have come from other bail agents. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/Pages/DA-office-site-home-page.aspx\">Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office\u003c/a> launched its 2014 investigation after receiving complaints from agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surge in complaints may be a result of increased competition within the industry, which generates $2 billion in revenue nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to testimony from Sylvia Herrera, a former Aladdin employee and a witness in the bail-capping cases, agents had to bring in $50,000 and write 20-30 bonds a month. Herrera said the quota was nearly impossible to meet without bending the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described several occasions when she posted bonds for defendants for as little as $10 down. She said she would set up a payment plan for a defendant, knowing the person would probably never pay it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said agents don’t make a commission on these “charity bonds,” but the deals boost their monthly numbers, and the bail agency is satisfied because the competition for those bonds is eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aladdin didn’t respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payment plans are common in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/05/03/how-bail-works/\" target=\"_blank\">bail industry\u003c/a>. But they can put the public at risk. A defendant facing felony charges for a violent crime can get out of jail while paying a fraction of the standard bail amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533676-Alvarez.html#document/p7\" target=\"_blank\">Court records\u003c/a> show that a Santa Clara County defendant charged with a felony -- battery with serious bodily injury -- bargained with a bail agent to get out of jail for a $150 down payment. A judge had set his bail at $25,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final terms of this deal, like all bail bond deals, aren’t known to the public, the courts or regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton, the bail industry spokesman, acknowledged that payment plans are a problem. Other states have a set “floor” on how much money a defendant has to put up, but California does not. He said in an effort to get business, bail agents here offer defendants smaller and smaller down payments as part of a “race to the bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Balloon payments\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terms of these payment plans can also hurt defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some payment plans are structured like payday loans, with debt payments ballooning over time, according to Cherise Burdeen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pretrial.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pretrial Justice Institute\u003c/a>, an organization working to end for-profit bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will be paying long after they've satisfied whatever conditions they agreed to for the court,” Burdeen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who sign bail contracts with payment plans can lose their cars or even their homes. Often it’s not the defendant who pays, but a family member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a> said it does not regulate contracts between agents and individuals. Teresa Campbell, assistant chief counsel for the department, said it often receives calls from people who say that a bail agent has taken possession of a car used for collateral, even though the defendant has not missed a court date. Campbell said the department can’t make the agent return the car, but it can apply pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those situations, we will try and resolve it by getting that consumer, making that consumer whole,” she said. “They just want that car back, so we can work something out where they pay a fine or they have a restriction, and then they give the car back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell said the department doesn’t have the resources or the authority to adequately police bail agents. But she said that many bail agents are trying to keep their industry clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bail agents will often make complaints about other bail agents, if they know that they're going into jails or things like that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Alternative to Bail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state lawmakers are considering moving the state away from a money-based bail system to what is called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/12/contra-costa-pretrial-program-offers-relief-for-those-who-cant-afford-bail/\" target=\"_blank\">“risk-based” pretrial release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB42\" target=\"_blank\">legislation\u003c/a> sponsored by \u003ca href=\"http://www.robbonta.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Assemblyman Rob Bonta\u003c/a> (D-Alameda) and \u003ca href=\"http://sd18.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Sen. Robert Hertzberg\u003c/a> (D-Van Nuys), defendants would be assessed for release based on a range of risk factors, including employment, criminal history and community ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals who are considered lower risk will be released on their own recognizance, without having to pay bail. Higher-risk defendants could be released if they comply with certain conditions, such as ankle monitoring or check-ins with a pretrial services officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants charged with violent crimes such as murder would not qualify for the pretrial release program. Judges would retain their authority to set bail in cases they deem appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s proponents say that it would reduce the number of people in jail awaiting trial and create a more equitable system. But bail agents say the legislation threatens public safety and undermines defendants’ civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s basically putting people on parole before they’ve been accused of a crime,” said Corrin Rankin of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbaa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Bail Agents Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rankin said money bail works because bail agents are neutral third parties. They don’t have any stake in what the defendant did or didn’t do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s beside the point,\" Rankin said. \"Our job is to make sure people go to court and we do it well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County is also considering moving away from money bail. It’s studying the feasibility of a nonprofit alternative to commercial bail bonds and looking at expanding pretrial supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our objective is making Santa Clara County safe and making sure that our justice system is truly just,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d2/Pages/d2-supervisor-cindy-chavez.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">county Supervisor Cindy Chavez\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was updated to include comments from Amy Le, president of the Santa Clara County Correctional Peace Officers Association. An earlier version of this post included comments from correctional officer Sean Allen.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project was completed as part of a John Jay College of Criminal Justice reporting fellowship.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Bail bond agents paid inmates to drum up business behind bars, giving them money or free phone calls. KQED has learned that the Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department knew this illegal activity was occurring -- but failed to stop it.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On June 20, 2014, a bail bond agent named Dino Garcia received a phone call from an inmate in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sheriff/pages/mainjail-visiting.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Clara County Main Jail\u003c/a>. The inmate, known as Riley in \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html\" target=\"_blank\">court documents\u003c/a>, wasn’t calling to bail himself out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was calling about bail for another inmate who had just arrived at the jail. Riley told Garcia the new inmate was trustworthy and willing to use his homes or vehicles as collateral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia spoke to the man and then got back on the line with Riley, urging him to find more clients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Get me some good ones, dude, some Asians, some fucking Hindus, some good domestic violence ones,” said Garcia, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p12\" target=\"_blank\">transcript\u003c/a> of the call.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Listen to KQED's Bail Investigation Series\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Garcia wasn’t alone. For years, bail bond agents had been compensating inmates to drum up business in the county’s jails, according to an investigation by the Santa Clara County District Attorney’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say the illegal activity, known as “bail capping,” gave agents an unfair competitive advantage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also put inmates and the public at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED has learned that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/sheriff/Pages/overview.aspx\">Santa Clara County Sheriff's Department \u003c/a>knew that bail capping was occurring in its jails, but failed to stop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through interviews and court records, KQED has found that at least 30 inmates in Santa Clara County jails were involved in bail-capping schemes. Those recruiters controlled access to the phones, threatened other inmates or promised cheap bail to pressure inmates to sign contracts with certain bail agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department’s lack of oversight -- and lax policies -- made it easier for agents and inmates to continue working together, in violation of the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Gatekeepers of bail'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Longtime inmates in the Santa Clara County Main Jail acted as the “gatekeepers of bail,” according to Alison Filo, the deputy district attorney tasked with prosecuting dozens of bail agents for illegal business practices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Culp told KQED he started working for agents from inside the main jail about three months after he was arrested for armed robbery in 2013. He said he worked as a recruiter until he was transferred to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdcr.ca.gov/Facilities_Locator/PVSP.html\" target=\"_blank\">Pleasant Valley State Prison\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp said new inmates had “no choice” but to use the bail bond agents he called.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to make a phone call, inmates needed a special code. Culp said in the unit where he was serving time, new inmates weren’t given instructions on how to use the phone codes. He would “help” them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395507\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395507\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Culp says he worked as a recruiter for bail agents for three years while in Santa Clara County Main Jail on armed robbery charges. \" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-1020x1276.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-1180x1476.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-960x1201.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp-520x650.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Culp.jpg 1313w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Culp says he worked as a recruiter for bail agents for three years while in Santa Clara County Main Jail on armed robbery charges. \u003ccite>(From Scott Culp's case file)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I take their code,” explained Culp. “I use their code, so they’re not able to call their family to have their family bail them out. They have to go through me and through these bail agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under state law, only defendants, their family members or their attorneys can contact a bail agent to arrange bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors say that bail capping creates a predatory environment in the jail. First-time inmates are especially vulnerable, because often they’re afraid and have little information. They don’t know, for example, that they may be \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/pretrial/Pages/Office-of-Pretrial-Services.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">eligible to get out of jail\u003c/a> without paying bail or to have their bail reduced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their instant reaction is what they see on television or what they read in the newspapers,” Filo said, “Which is, ‘I've got to get bail,’ and that sort of desperation is preyed upon by the inmates who are in custody seeking to get some benefit for themselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmate-recruiters also angled to maintain that benefit by limiting their competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Garcia complained to an inmate named Alberto Solorio about another inmate who was “pushing people to Luna,” a rival bail agency, Solorio assured him that he would take care of the problem, according to an\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html\" target=\"_blank\"> investigator’s summary\u003c/a> of a phone call between the two men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia told Solorio to get the other inmate “rolled out (kicked out of the dorm).” Solorio responded: “That’s not even a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Visitation irregularities\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp told KQED that guards were also involved in the illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said guards allowed some bail agents to visit him multiple times a week, even though he was not eligible for bail. During those visits, Culp said, agents would train him to recruit new clients, explaining what kinds of questions to ask inmates to find out their suitability for bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED submitted a public records request for the log of Culp’s visitors. In its response, the sheriff’s department said Culp had no visitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia, now a former bail agent, told KQED that he saw correctional officers giving other agents special treatment, allowing them access to the jail outside of visiting hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail agents are supposed to follow the same rules as other jail visitors, according to the sheriff's department, including writing down the names of the inmates they are visiting in a log book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least one bail agent, Fernando Casillas of Aladdin Bail Bonds, was permitted to bypass visiting procedures. According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533677-Casillas1.html\" target=\"_blank\">district attorney’s investigation\u003c/a>, when Casillas came into the jail to interview an inmate, he wrote “inmate” on the log book.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395508\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395508\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"Fernando Casillas was one of 31 bail agents arrested by law enforcement on charges of illegal business practices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-375x469.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/20958950626_74ce1cbd1f_o-520x650.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fernando Casillas was one of 31 bail agents arrested by law enforcement on charges of illegal business practices. \u003ccite>(\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20958950626/in/album-72157657509991139/\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The inmate who Casillas interviewed was named Lakhbir Singh. Singh told investigators that a jail staff member referred him to Casillas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Singh said he was then interviewed by someone inside the jail from Aladdin Bail Bonds soon after speaking with this person working at the jail,” the investigator's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Singh said that neither he nor his wife called Casillas or \u003ca href=\"https://www.aladdinbailbonds.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Aladdin Bail Bonds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators were unable to identify the jail staff member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department did not respond to questions about its visitation procedures or whether it had investigated jail staff in connection with bail capping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district attorney’s office said it did not have evidence to file charges against any guards or jail administrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Amy Le, president of the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Santa Clara County Correctional Peace Officers Association, said she is not aware of any officer involvement in bail capping schemes.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have over 750 employees here,” she said. “We are all professional people. We do what is right even when no one is watching.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le said to her knowledge none of the employees she represents have been investigated or disciplined for bail-related misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If officers are involved in such misconduct, Le said, “They [the officers] don’t need to wear a uniform. They don’t need to work here.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395513\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11395513 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Aladdin Bail Bonds was one of seven companies whose agents were arrested for illegal business practices including \"bail capping.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24880_20798065700_f74eefc32b_o-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aladdin Bail Bonds was one of seven companies whose agents were arrested for alleged illegal business practices, including bail capping. \u003ccite>(Jayne Lucas/\u003ca href=\"%E2%80%9Chhttps://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20798065700/in/album-72157657509991139/%22\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department has been under \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/25/inmates-brutal-beating-death-spurs-scrutiny-and-reform-in-santa-clara-county-jails/\" target=\"_blank\">scrutiny\u003c/a> since the in-custody death of Michael Tyree on Aug. 26, 2015. Three guards are on \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/04/04/michael-tyree/\" target=\"_blank\">trial\u003c/a> for allegedly beating the mentally ill inmate to death. The guards -- Matthew Farris, Rafael Rodriguez and Jereh Lubrin -- have pleaded not guilty to second-degree murder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/scc/pages/brc.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">commission\u003c/a> formed to assess operations in Santa Clara County’s jails in the wake of Tyree’s death did not address illegal activity between bail agents and inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.fbi.gov/contact-us/field-offices/sanfrancisco\" target=\"_blank\">Federal Bureau of Investigation\u003c/a> would not comment on whether it is investigating the sheriff’s department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>$100 deposits\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p16\" target=\"_blank\">Court records\u003c/a> show that jail administrators knew since at least 2012 that illegal bail activity was going on in the jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On July 6, 2012, Kevin Heilman, who was then the captain of the main jail, received an email from Sgt. Eric Liddle. A bail agent had complained to Liddle that inmates in the Main Jail were working as paid recruiters for another bail firm. Liddle recommended an investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another jail sergeant wrote to Heilman in a follow-up report dated July 31, 2012, that guards had searched the cell of two inmates suspected of being involved in the scheme. They found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account. The two inmates were moved to other areas of the jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court documents do not indicate whether the sheriff’s department took any action against bail agents, including restricting their access to inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A year later, Lt. April McHugh at the Main Jail \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533679-Garcia1.html#document/p34\" target=\"_blank\">emailed \u003c/a>sheriff’s department administrators about a call she received from a bail agent named Robert Silva of Amigo Bail Bonds, alleging that bail agents and inmates were still working together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395493\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395493\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-800x600.jpeg\" alt=\"When guards searched the cell of two inmate suspected of involvement in bail capping they found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-800x600.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-160x120.jpeg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1020x765.jpeg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1920x1440.jpeg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-1180x885.jpeg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-960x720.jpeg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-240x180.jpeg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-375x281.jpeg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/File_008-520x390.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When guards searched the cell of two inmate suspected of involvement in bail capping, they found a list of inmate ID numbers, bail bond agent phone numbers and a pay/owe sheet that showed a series of $100 deposits into an account.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The inmates allegedly question the new inmates as to whether they have bail and when they say they do they intimidate them to go to the other company,” McHugh wrote. “The other company sends commissary packages online anonymously to the inmate who refers the new inmate to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It sounds like this inquiry has gone nowhere, but Mr. Silva says he has one or two ‘victims’ who are very afraid to talk, because the bail company has all of their information. I am not sure what he hopes to gain by contacting Main Jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department declined to answer questions about whether it investigated Silva’s complaint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, the district attorney’s office launched its own bail-capping investigation and found widespread illegal activity between bail agents and jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jail accounting\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jail practices made it easy for bail agents to pay recruiters with deposits into their inmate commissary accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Culp, the former Santa Clara County inmate, claims agents paid him $15,000 in one year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED couldn’t confirm the payments to Culp. Prosecutors couldn’t either. The jail did not track deposits to commissary accounts, allowing agents to give inmates money without the jail having any record of the source of those funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You would think that you would have to show some identification or something in order to provide an inmate with commissary credit or phone credit or actual cash,” Filo said. “And you don't. So they were able to freely give those sorts of benefits with no accountability or no paper trail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inmates leaving the Main Jail would often pass the “business” on to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff's department did not answer questions about whether it has taken measures to track commissary account deposits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Three-way calling\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bail agents also compensated inmates with free phone calls. Such calls can cost \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/exploiting-inmates/Content?oid=4185319\" target=\"_blank\">$3 just to establish a connection\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Clara County Main Jail records inmates’ phone calls, and jail staff are supposed to monitor them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do random monitoring,” said Le, the correctional officers’ association president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But court records show bail agents regularly used three-way calling to allow their inmate-recruiters to contact friends and family. An inmate would call an agent, who would then forward the call to a phone number that inmate provided. Jail phone records would show only that the inmate called the agent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By hiding the ultimate targets of their calls, inmates could use the free calls to intimidate witnesses or run other criminal activities from behind bars, putting the public at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395222\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"For years bail bonds agents used inmates inside Santa Clara County Main Jail to drum up new business.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS18881_main-jail-sc-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For years bail bonds agents used inmates inside the Santa Clara County Main Jail to drum up new business. \u003ccite>(Lisa Pickoff White/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If the bail agent then uses his or her cellphone or office phone and makes a three-way call to, for instance, that inmate’s domestic violence victim, who is protected by a restraining order, we would have no way to prove that phone call was made,” prosecutor Filo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le said if inmates are caught making three-way calls, they can have their calling privileges suspended. But, she added, the volume of jailhouse calls makes monitoring them difficult. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sheriff’s department declined to answer questions about whether jail staff monitored those calls or whether it has taken steps to block three-way calling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said he never paid inmates with cash. But he acknowledged giving them free phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records show that during a five-month period in 2014, Garcia received 934 calls from the jail to his personal cellphone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The bust\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators in the district attorney’s office started combing through thousands of recorded phone calls between bail agents and inmates in September 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late August 2015, Garcia peered through the blinds in his living room. He found his house surrounded by law enforcement officers with their guns drawn. They were pointing at him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I said, ‘Holy smokes!’ ” Garcia said. “I thought I was dreaming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police arrested Garcia and booked him into the Santa Clara County Main Jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It's funny, because I couldn't get through to anyone,” he said. “Everybody was in jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Garcia, law enforcement officers arrested 30 other bail bond agents. It was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/0100-press-releases/2015/release083-15.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">largest bust\u003c/a> of its kind in state history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutor Filo said when the district attorney’s office first began looking into bail-capping allegations, it didn’t expect to uncover evidence against so many bail agents. She said at some point investigators had to limit the scope of their work to get through the evidence they already had.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia worked for a small firm, but many of those agents were employed by some of the nation’s biggest bail providers, including Aladdin, All-Pro Bail Bonds and Bail Hotline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia will serve three months in jail for his involvement in bail capping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395509\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395509\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"The Santa Clara County District Attorney's office busted 31 bail bond agents in 2015 for illegal business practices.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-160x240.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-240x360.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-375x563.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/24881_transform-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office busted 31 bail bond agents in 2015 for illegal business practices. \u003ccite>(Jayne Lucas/\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/ca_dept_insurance/20958801736/in/album-72157657509991139/\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most of the agents who were arrested have accepted plea deals, with sentences ranging from community service to four months in jail. Seven of the cases have yet to be adjudicated. One agent, Garcia’s boss, went to trial and was found not guilty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No charges were filed against any bail firms or inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Clayton, director of the\u003ca href=\"http://www.americanbailcoalition.org/\" target=\"_blank\"> American Bail Coalition\u003c/a>, insisted the agents who were arrested do not represent the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t agree with people doing the alleged conduct, and if it is happening it does need to be stopped,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton said bail agents who don’t follow the rules should have their licenses revoked, but doesn’t think they should face felony charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Charity bonds'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlawful bail practices aren’t unique to Santa Clara County. In the past few years, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-former-lapd-jailer-accused-taking-bribes-20160506-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.sanbag.ca.gov/news/publications/2012-13GrandJuryFinalReportonlineposting.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">San Bernardino\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.orangecounty-bailbonds.com/dui-blog/394-inmate-capping-the-dirty-little-secret-inside-our-jails\" target=\"_blank\">Orange\u003c/a> counties have reported bail-capping cases. The\u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/0400-news/multimedia/0030VideoHearings/bailhearingvideo.cfm\" target=\"_blank\"> California Department of Insurance\u003c/a>, which regulates the bail industry, estimated that since 2012, complaints about illegal activity by bail agents have tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these have come from other bail agents. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/Pages/DA-office-site-home-page.aspx\">Santa Clara County District Attorney's Office\u003c/a> launched its 2014 investigation after receiving complaints from agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The surge in complaints may be a result of increased competition within the industry, which generates $2 billion in revenue nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to testimony from Sylvia Herrera, a former Aladdin employee and a witness in the bail-capping cases, agents had to bring in $50,000 and write 20-30 bonds a month. Herrera said the quota was nearly impossible to meet without bending the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described several occasions when she posted bonds for defendants for as little as $10 down. She said she would set up a payment plan for a defendant, knowing the person would probably never pay it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Herrera said agents don’t make a commission on these “charity bonds,” but the deals boost their monthly numbers, and the bail agency is satisfied because the competition for those bonds is eliminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aladdin didn’t respond to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payment plans are common in the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/2016/05/03/how-bail-works/\" target=\"_blank\">bail industry\u003c/a>. But they can put the public at risk. A defendant facing felony charges for a violent crime can get out of jail while paying a fraction of the standard bail amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3533676-Alvarez.html#document/p7\" target=\"_blank\">Court records\u003c/a> show that a Santa Clara County defendant charged with a felony -- battery with serious bodily injury -- bargained with a bail agent to get out of jail for a $150 down payment. A judge had set his bail at $25,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final terms of this deal, like all bail bond deals, aren’t known to the public, the courts or regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clayton, the bail industry spokesman, acknowledged that payment plans are a problem. Other states have a set “floor” on how much money a defendant has to put up, but California does not. He said in an effort to get business, bail agents here offer defendants smaller and smaller down payments as part of a “race to the bottom.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Balloon payments\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The terms of these payment plans can also hurt defendants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some payment plans are structured like payday loans, with debt payments ballooning over time, according to Cherise Burdeen of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pretrial.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pretrial Justice Institute\u003c/a>, an organization working to end for-profit bail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People will be paying long after they've satisfied whatever conditions they agreed to for the court,” Burdeen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those who sign bail contracts with payment plans can lose their cars or even their homes. Often it’s not the defendant who pays, but a family member.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.insurance.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California Department of Insurance\u003c/a> said it does not regulate contracts between agents and individuals. Teresa Campbell, assistant chief counsel for the department, said it often receives calls from people who say that a bail agent has taken possession of a car used for collateral, even though the defendant has not missed a court date. Campbell said the department can’t make the agent return the car, but it can apply pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In those situations, we will try and resolve it by getting that consumer, making that consumer whole,” she said. “They just want that car back, so we can work something out where they pay a fine or they have a restriction, and then they give the car back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campbell said the department doesn’t have the resources or the authority to adequately police bail agents. But she said that many bail agents are trying to keep their industry clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Bail agents will often make complaints about other bail agents, if they know that they're going into jails or things like that,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Alternative to Bail\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California state lawmakers are considering moving the state away from a money-based bail system to what is called \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/12/contra-costa-pretrial-program-offers-relief-for-those-who-cant-afford-bail/\" target=\"_blank\">“risk-based” pretrial release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB42\" target=\"_blank\">legislation\u003c/a> sponsored by \u003ca href=\"http://www.robbonta.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Assemblyman Rob Bonta\u003c/a> (D-Alameda) and \u003ca href=\"http://sd18.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">Sen. Robert Hertzberg\u003c/a> (D-Van Nuys), defendants would be assessed for release based on a range of risk factors, including employment, criminal history and community ties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Individuals who are considered lower risk will be released on their own recognizance, without having to pay bail. Higher-risk defendants could be released if they comply with certain conditions, such as ankle monitoring or check-ins with a pretrial services officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Defendants charged with violent crimes such as murder would not qualify for the pretrial release program. Judges would retain their authority to set bail in cases they deem appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s proponents say that it would reduce the number of people in jail awaiting trial and create a more equitable system. But bail agents say the legislation threatens public safety and undermines defendants’ civil liberties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s basically putting people on parole before they’ve been accused of a crime,” said Corrin Rankin of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbaa.com/\" target=\"_blank\">California Bail Agents Association\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rankin said money bail works because bail agents are neutral third parties. They don’t have any stake in what the defendant did or didn’t do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s beside the point,\" Rankin said. \"Our job is to make sure people go to court and we do it well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County is also considering moving away from money bail. It’s studying the feasibility of a nonprofit alternative to commercial bail bonds and looking at expanding pretrial supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our objective is making Santa Clara County safe and making sure that our justice system is truly just,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d2/Pages/d2-supervisor-cindy-chavez.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">county Supervisor Cindy Chavez\u003c/a> said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was updated to include comments from Amy Le, president of the Santa Clara County Correctional Peace Officers Association. An earlier version of this post included comments from correctional officer Sean Allen.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:47 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Neil Gorsuch was confirmed Friday as the 113th justice to serve on the nation's highest court. The final vote was 54-45, mostly along party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch will be sworn in Monday. Chief Justice John Roberts will administer the \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/oath/textoftheoathsofoffice2009.aspx\">constitutional oath\u003c/a> in a private ceremony at the Supreme Court. Later in the day, Justice Anthony Kennedy, for whom Gorsuch once clerked, will administer the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/453\">judicial oath\u003c/a> in a ceremony at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rumors among conservative activists have been swirling around Washington this year that Kennedy will retire at the end of this term of the high court, but the 80-year-old conservative justice, who sometimes votes with the court's liberals, has remained mum on his plans. Were he to be replaced by a Trump-nominated conservative justice, the balance of the court would almost certainly be tipped in a dramatically more conservative direction, and even Kennedy's own legacy on equality for gays and lesbians could be in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, though, the focus is on the court's newest justice, the 49-year-old Gorsuch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WneH8NwTW8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His path to confirmation was relatively short by modern standards — just 65 days. But it was accomplished with a historic vote Thursday to end the U.S. Senate's filibuster rule for Supreme Court nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch takes the place of the late Justice Antonin Scalia, a conservative icon who died unexpectedly more than a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new justice is also a conservative who adheres to many of the same positions that Scalia did. Indeed, some believe that Gorsuch will be more conservative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Scalia was enormously well-liked and admired by fellow justices, his harsh written rhetoric sometimes diminished his influence internally on the court. Gorsuch, in contrast, is known for his clear writing, but not for a harsh or dismissive writing style, and that could make him an influential justice on a court that is often closely divided on some major issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he obfuscated and evaded on many questions put to him during his confirmation hearing, all indications are that he will vote most often with the court's conservative bloc of justices, providing a fifth vote for a conservative majority in 5-4 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court so far this year has punted on controversial issues, seemingly to avoid an indecisive 4-4 tie. But it has cases pending before it for next term that, if granted for review, could expand gun rights to include carrying concealed firearms in public; uphold state voting restrictions that critics contend are aimed at suppressing minority voter turnout; and allow business owners to refuse to serve gay couples, based on religious objections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days of his swearing-in, Gorsuch is likely to face an issue that is particularly difficult for new justices — casting life or death votes on last-minute appeals in capital cases. The number of these cases right now is unusually large. Arkansas has scheduled \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/06/522883947/federal-judge-blocks-1-of-8-upcoming-executions-in-arkansas\">eight executions\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/31/521967661/arkansas-readies-for-8-executions-despite-outcry-over-pace-method\">for the 11 days after Easter\u003c/a>, and it is all but certain that some of those cases will reach the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justices past and present have said that regardless of a new justice's experience on the lower courts, it is something very different to have the last word, and that it typically takes several years to get used to the breadth of the caseload and that responsibility. But for a new justice who joins the court mid-term, that task and the fire hose of decisions faced with little time to prepare, is even greater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 10 days, the justices will begin hearing their last round of arguments for this term. Among the cases to be heard is a closely watched case testing whether a Missouri church school was wrongly denied state funding for a program to make playgrounds safer. The state maintains that it cannot provide the funding without violating the constitutional requirement of separation of church and state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Republicans change the rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prodded Thursday by Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell, the Senate voted 52-48, along party lines, to trigger the so-called \"nuclear option,\" eliminating the Senate filibuster for Supreme Court confirmations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a series of choreographed parliamentary maneuvers, Republicans were able, by majority vote, to abolish the longstanding rule that required 60 votes to cut off debate on a Supreme Court nomination. The victory prompted high-fives between Majority Leader Sen. Mitch McConnell and the majority whip, Sen. John Cornyn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senators from both parties have warned that the move will have profound consequences for the Supreme Court, predicting that more ideologically extreme judges on the right and left will be nominated to the court if only a majority is needed for confirmation. Likewise, senators have predicted that the Supreme Court will itself be injected more and more as a central issue in Senate elections, further eroding the once prized bipartisanship that made the Senate \"the world's most deliberative body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Escalating tit-for-tat in the Senate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans sought to blame Democrats for the shift in the Senate's rules, noting that it was the Democrats who first abandoned the filibuster rule with a majority vote maneuver in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats replied that they were left no choice after Republicans' systematic abuse of the filibuster during the first four years of the Obama presidency, making it extraordinarily difficult to confirm lower court and executive branch nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, during President Barack Obama's first term, Republicans blocked or delayed executive branch and lower court nominations 79 times. That's more than half of all the 149 filibusters used against presidential nominees in the nation's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats noted that even as they abolished the filibuster for executive and lower court nominations in 2013, they left it in place for Supreme Court nominations, believing that lifetime appointments to the nation's highest court are different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republicans, like Sen. Ted Cruz, maintained on Thursday that the Democrats had bowed to demands from the \"radical left\" in demanding that Democratic senators \"obstruct everything.\" And indeed, liberal activists have pressed Democratic senators hard on the Gorsuch nomination, threatening some with primary opponents if they voted to allow a quick vote for Gorsuch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats cited a variety of reasons for their votes to bar a cutoff of debate on Gorsuch. Among them: his conservative judicial philosophy as expressed in his 10 years on the bench, his evasive answers during the confirmation hearing and a burning resentment at the Republicans' unprecedented refusal for nearly a year to even hold a hearing on Obama's nomination of Judge Merrick Garland to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's vote means that from now on, all nominations, including those to the Supreme Court, can be quickly approved by a majority vote in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remaining question is whether Republicans will seek, by majority vote, to abolish the filibuster as it applies to legislation. On Thursday, Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch of Utah poured cold water on that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oh no, we'll never do that,\" he said in response to a question. \"If we do that, then the Senate will become like the House. The Senate is a place of deliberation. It's not supposed to be a place where you just move things quickly through, and the filibuster rule is a very great protection for the minority.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Tom Udall of New Mexico said there are plans afoot among a bipartisan group of senators to organize a private meeting in the Old Supreme Court Chamber, located in the Capitol, later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, he said, is to see if senators can figure out a way to promote more bipartisanship in a body where the two parties barely work together at all anymore. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Confirms+Gorsuch+To+Supreme+Court&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 2:47 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Judge Neil Gorsuch was confirmed Friday as the 113th justice to serve on the nation's highest court. The final vote was 54-45, mostly along party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch will be sworn in Monday. Chief Justice John Roberts will administer the \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/oath/textoftheoathsofoffice2009.aspx\">constitutional oath\u003c/a> in a private ceremony at the Supreme Court. Later in the day, Justice Anthony Kennedy, for whom Gorsuch once clerked, will administer the \u003ca href=\"https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/28/453\">judicial oath\u003c/a> in a ceremony at the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rumors among conservative activists have been swirling around Washington this year that Kennedy will retire at the end of this term of the high court, but the 80-year-old conservative justice, who sometimes votes with the court's liberals, has remained mum on his plans. Were he to be replaced by a Trump-nominated conservative justice, the balance of the court would almost certainly be tipped in a dramatically more conservative direction, and even Kennedy's own legacy on equality for gays and lesbians could be in jeopardy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, though, the focus is on the court's newest justice, the 49-year-old Gorsuch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/1WneH8NwTW8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/1WneH8NwTW8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>His path to confirmation was relatively short by modern standards — just 65 days. But it was accomplished with a historic vote Thursday to end the U.S. Senate's filibuster rule for Supreme Court nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch takes the place of the late Justice Antonin Scalia, a conservative icon who died unexpectedly more than a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new justice is also a conservative who adheres to many of the same positions that Scalia did. Indeed, some believe that Gorsuch will be more conservative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Scalia was enormously well-liked and admired by fellow justices, his harsh written rhetoric sometimes diminished his influence internally on the court. Gorsuch, in contrast, is known for his clear writing, but not for a harsh or dismissive writing style, and that could make him an influential justice on a court that is often closely divided on some major issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he obfuscated and evaded on many questions put to him during his confirmation hearing, all indications are that he will vote most often with the court's conservative bloc of justices, providing a fifth vote for a conservative majority in 5-4 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court so far this year has punted on controversial issues, seemingly to avoid an indecisive 4-4 tie. But it has cases pending before it for next term that, if granted for review, could expand gun rights to include carrying concealed firearms in public; uphold state voting restrictions that critics contend are aimed at suppressing minority voter turnout; and allow business owners to refuse to serve gay couples, based on religious objections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within days of his swearing-in, Gorsuch is likely to face an issue that is particularly difficult for new justices — casting life or death votes on last-minute appeals in capital cases. The number of these cases right now is unusually large. Arkansas has scheduled \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/06/522883947/federal-judge-blocks-1-of-8-upcoming-executions-in-arkansas\">eight executions\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/31/521967661/arkansas-readies-for-8-executions-despite-outcry-over-pace-method\">for the 11 days after Easter\u003c/a>, and it is all but certain that some of those cases will reach the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justices past and present have said that regardless of a new justice's experience on the lower courts, it is something very different to have the last word, and that it typically takes several years to get used to the breadth of the caseload and that responsibility. But for a new justice who joins the court mid-term, that task and the fire hose of decisions faced with little time to prepare, is even greater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 10 days, the justices will begin hearing their last round of arguments for this term. Among the cases to be heard is a closely watched case testing whether a Missouri church school was wrongly denied state funding for a program to make playgrounds safer. The state maintains that it cannot provide the funding without violating the constitutional requirement of separation of church and state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Republicans change the rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prodded Thursday by Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell, the Senate voted 52-48, along party lines, to trigger the so-called \"nuclear option,\" eliminating the Senate filibuster for Supreme Court confirmations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a series of choreographed parliamentary maneuvers, Republicans were able, by majority vote, to abolish the longstanding rule that required 60 votes to cut off debate on a Supreme Court nomination. The victory prompted high-fives between Majority Leader Sen. Mitch McConnell and the majority whip, Sen. John Cornyn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senators from both parties have warned that the move will have profound consequences for the Supreme Court, predicting that more ideologically extreme judges on the right and left will be nominated to the court if only a majority is needed for confirmation. Likewise, senators have predicted that the Supreme Court will itself be injected more and more as a central issue in Senate elections, further eroding the once prized bipartisanship that made the Senate \"the world's most deliberative body.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Escalating tit-for-tat in the Senate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans sought to blame Democrats for the shift in the Senate's rules, noting that it was the Democrats who first abandoned the filibuster rule with a majority vote maneuver in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats replied that they were left no choice after Republicans' systematic abuse of the filibuster during the first four years of the Obama presidency, making it extraordinarily difficult to confirm lower court and executive branch nominees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, during President Barack Obama's first term, Republicans blocked or delayed executive branch and lower court nominations 79 times. That's more than half of all the 149 filibusters used against presidential nominees in the nation's history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democrats noted that even as they abolished the filibuster for executive and lower court nominations in 2013, they left it in place for Supreme Court nominations, believing that lifetime appointments to the nation's highest court are different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republicans, like Sen. Ted Cruz, maintained on Thursday that the Democrats had bowed to demands from the \"radical left\" in demanding that Democratic senators \"obstruct everything.\" And indeed, liberal activists have pressed Democratic senators hard on the Gorsuch nomination, threatening some with primary opponents if they voted to allow a quick vote for Gorsuch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats cited a variety of reasons for their votes to bar a cutoff of debate on Gorsuch. Among them: his conservative judicial philosophy as expressed in his 10 years on the bench, his evasive answers during the confirmation hearing and a burning resentment at the Republicans' unprecedented refusal for nearly a year to even hold a hearing on Obama's nomination of Judge Merrick Garland to the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's vote means that from now on, all nominations, including those to the Supreme Court, can be quickly approved by a majority vote in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remaining question is whether Republicans will seek, by majority vote, to abolish the filibuster as it applies to legislation. On Thursday, Republican Sen. Orrin Hatch of Utah poured cold water on that idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Oh no, we'll never do that,\" he said in response to a question. \"If we do that, then the Senate will become like the House. The Senate is a place of deliberation. It's not supposed to be a place where you just move things quickly through, and the filibuster rule is a very great protection for the minority.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Sen. Tom Udall of New Mexico said there are plans afoot among a bipartisan group of senators to organize a private meeting in the Old Supreme Court Chamber, located in the Capitol, later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The goal, he said, is to see if senators can figure out a way to promote more bipartisanship in a body where the two parties barely work together at all anymore. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Senate+Confirms+Gorsuch+To+Supreme+Court&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Long History of Sanctuary Laws, Debate in San Francisco",
"title": "Long History of Sanctuary Laws, Debate in San Francisco",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Donald Trump put a national spotlight on so-called sanctuary cities, but in San Francisco the conversation has raged on and off for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate began in the 1980s, as civil wars raged in Central America and churches began providing refuge to fleeing immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Reagan administration refused to recognize these refugees as asylum seekers. So cities stepped up: First Berkeley, then dozens of others, including San Francisco, began \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=blrlj\" target=\"_blank\">adopting policies\u003c/a> prohibiting local officials from cooperating with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy was working as a deputy in the county jail back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until that time, ICE agents, or at the time immigration agents, were allowed to come into our jails and check at all the booking cards and see who and question anybody they wanted to question,\" she said during a recent talk to the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s early sanctuary policies stopped those visits. But in 1989, they didn’t stop immigration officials and San Francisco police from conducting a joint raid on a Latin dance club in San Francisco, Club Elegante. Dozens of people were handcuffed and detained for hours — including many U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It wasn't even as much that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve.\" \u003ccite>Sanctuary law author Robert Rubin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Former state Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, a longtime San Francisco activist and then politician, lived near Club Elegante. He said the raid \"ignited a sleeping giant\" in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was obvious that this was a big snafu that should never have happened,\" he said. \"That was it, boom, that was a benchmark. And then there were demands made on the mayor, 'What are you going to do, what is the solution?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were scared and city leaders were troubled, agreed civil rights attorney Robert Rubin. He helped write what would become the city’s sanctuary law later that year. The goal was to ensure the immigrant community didn’t fear minor encounters with police. Rubin said even then-Police Chief Frank Jordan was on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't even as much that he that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubin and others working in the city at the time say the federal government pushed back against these policies, even threatening to jail city leaders or strip federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as time passed, the city’s law remained. So did outside pressure to change it. Now it is under perhaps its most serious threat: President Trump issued an executive order within days of taking office in January directing his administration to strip federal funding from jurisdictions deemed to be \"sanctuary\" cities and counties. The threat already has sparked lawsuits, including from the city of San Francisco, and is helping drive state legislation that could make California, in the eyes of Trump, a sanctuary state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This shouldn’t happen to any family ... We did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do.\" \u003ccite>Danielle Bologna, wife and mother of murder victims\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But even before this political firestorm, there's always been a robust debate within San Francisco about the sanctuary law and how far it should go to protect undocumented immigrants who are accused or convicted of a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bologna murders \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2008, the slaying of a San Francisco man and his two sons by a gang member who was an undocumented immigrant shook San Francisco to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna lost her husband, Tony, and two of her four kids in a heart-wrenching case of mistaken identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks, conservative pundits came calling. Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lauraingraham.com/agnosticchart?charttype=minichart&chartID=21&formatID=1&useMiniChartID=true&position=8&destinationpage=/pg/jsp/general/eblasttext.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Bologna on the talk show of conservative commentator Laura Ingraham \u003c/a>a month after the murders, talking through sobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't happen to any family. Any family should not have to go through what I am going through right now. I can't even tell you guys, we were such a close family. We did everything — we did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do,\" Bologna said tearfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy was immediately blamed. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Slaying-suspect-once-found-sanctuary-in-S-F-3276361.php\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> that the accused shooter, Edwin Ramos, was convicted of two violent felonies as a juvenile but wasn’t deported because of the city’s policy not to hand over minors to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in any circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations fanned the flames of anger among critics, including Laura Ingraham, who vowed to help the Bolognas end sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three good people, innocent people gunned down, add them to the list of all the other people who have been gunned down, knifed, raped or brutalized by illegal aliens in this country,\" she told Bologna.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone. But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\" \u003ccite>Bologna family friend Marti McKee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s politically ambitious mayor, Gavin Newsom, defended the sanctuary law but also rushed to change how the city handled juvenile offenders. Under the changes, any undocumented kid merely \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">accused\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a felony was given to immigration officials, even though adult suspects were still protected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, the city turned over more than 100 juveniles to ICE. A year later, the Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances09/o0228-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amended city law \u003c/a>to clarify that only juveniles convicted of a felony should be reported to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in those early months, said Ammiano, a key fact was lost in the flurry of outrage: \"It was the feds that dropped the ball.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bologna family friend Marti McKee agreed. She said the federal government, including ICE, knew exactly who and where the Bologna shooter was. Ramos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-family-s-murderer-killed-before-FBI-was-told-3676718.php\">had applied for legal status\u003c/a> multiple times, and was the subject of a larger federal investigation into gang activity that eventually led to more than two dozen indictments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were communicating with him because he was trying to get his status changed. They knew where he worked, they knew where he lived, they knew where he hung out, they knew where he committed criminal activities. They were following him around,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those details arose in the weeks after the killing, but didn’t attract the same attention as San Francisco’s role. Others didn't come out publicly for years, as the court cases against Ramos and other gang members moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna declined to be interviewed for this story. But McKee, who sat with the family through Ramos’ trial, believes federal authorities didn’t deport Ramos\u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/no-sanctuary-danielle-bologna\" target=\"_blank\"> because they were working to build a bigger case\u003c/a>. She said in the beginning, it wasn't fully clear to anyone on the family's side of things what exactly happened or how the sanctuary law played into the case — and that opponents of the sanctuary law took advantage of that confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of sanctuary laws say it’s not unusual for critics to attack those policies even if there’s blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone,\" McKee said. \"But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obama administration crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bologna case roiled San Francisco, the Obama administration started rolling out a new, controversial deportation enforcement program in 2008, known as Secure Communities. It automatically sent the fingerprints of every person booked into a U.S. jail to immigration officials so they could check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially, it also let ICE send requests to jails to hold on to undocumented immigrants after they’d otherwise be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secure Communities rolled out nationally in 2011. But by then, some counties had already begun ignoring the requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, those counties opting out of the program were buoyed by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/docs/immigration/ag_info_bulletin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">memo issued by then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris\u003c/a> advising them that the detainer requests were indeed voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, a federal appeals court judge ruled that the jails could be sued for unlawfully holding someone because the detainer requests were not warrants, issued by a judge, but simply requests from an ICE agent. More and more counties around the nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/us/politics/fearing-lawsuits-sheriffs-balk-at-us-request-to-detain-noncitizens-for-extra-time.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">started ignoring the detainer requests after the court ruling.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco again took a strong stand against federal immigration authorities, passing legislation in 2013 limiting its cooperation to violent felons. At the same time, San Francisco Assemblyman Tom Ammiano was pushing statewide legislation to limit all California jails’ cooperation. After two years — and a veto of a measure that went even further by Gov. Jerry Brown — Ammiano's state bill, a milder version of the San Francisco measure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/trust-act-signed_n_4050168.html\" target=\"_blank\">became law in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kate Steinle murder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, again in 2015, a horrific murder roiled San Francisco and made national headlines. Kate Steinle, 32, was shot and killed while walking along the San Francisco waterfront. Her accused killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, is an undocumented immigrant who’d been deported five times and had just been released from jail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case sparked national outrage, with even some Democrats pointing the finger at San Francisco's sanctuary city policy. But again, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">blame to go around\u003c/a>: The gun used in the shooting was stolen from a federal park ranger. And questions remain about why federal officials sent him to San Francisco, knowing the city wouldn’t cooperate with immigration detainer requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Sanchez had just finished a four-year term in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally when the federal government transferred him to San Francisco jail based on a 20-year-old marijuana charge. Shortly after prosecutors declined to file charges, he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of San Francisco's more moderate politicians sought to narrow the city's sanctuary ordinance after the Steinle killing, it was another case — in which San Francisco police apparently \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Car-theft-victim-handed-over-to-immigrations-10864148.php\" target=\"_blank\">called ICE on an undocumented immigrant reporting a stolen car\u003c/a> — that most informed a 2016 tweak to the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change altered the circumstances under which city officials can cooperate with ICE. It allows the sheriff to notify immigration officials about an inmate who is accused of a violent felony if that person was convicted of a violent or serious felony in the past seven years and if a judge decides there's probable cause for the current charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Hennessy said no one has met this criteria since she became sheriff in January 2016. But requests to detain local inmates have increased under Trump: In the last six months of 2016, the Sheriff's Department received 41 ICE requests, Hennessy said; this year, it has already received 45 requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a high standard,\" Hennessy said, adding that she personally reviews each request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there have been 10 amendments to San Francisco’s sanctuary law since 1989. Most were made in response to aggressive deportation policies implemented by the Obama administration — and most of them made it even harder for local officials to cooperate with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the policies remain unpopular among conservatives outside San Francisco’s borders, a recent poll found that 79 percent of San Franciscans approve of the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sanctuary state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state lawmakers are considering a bill that could make California a sanctuary state in the view of the Trump administration, by prohibiting state and local governments from using any local resources to assist in deportation actions. Senate President Kevin de León, a Los Angeles Democrat, says the bill will keep communities safe. It \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/california-senate-oks-sanctuary-state-bill-critics-fear-losing-federal-money/\" target=\"_blank\">passed the state Senate on Monday\u003c/a> and now heads to the Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we need is for crime to increase in neighborhoods because police officers have left their beats, their duties to help set up a perimeter around a church, a shelter, or an elementary school, and serving as an extension of ICE agents. Local police departments protect and serve, they don’t enforce federal immigration law,\" de León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriffs and others are fighting the bill. But de León and his supporters reject the \"sanctuary\" label as a misnomer. He said it’s important to note what so-called sanctuary laws don’t do. They don’t prevent local jails from sharing fingerprints with ICE: every county in the nation does that. They don’t prevent ICE from conducting raids on their own, or from coming into prisons or jails if they secure a warrant from a judge to take custody of an undocumented prisoner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People needed to understand, that nothing in the city-of-refuge ordinance could do anything to stop the federal government from enforcing its own immigration laws,\" said Robert Rubin, the author of San Francisco’s original law. \"It simply said we are not going to help you, we are not going to be a part of it. We think this is the wrong way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still unclear what the fiscal consequence for California or San Francisco may be. The city receives about $2 billion a year from the federal government, but many legal observers believe most of that money is legally untouchable by the Trump administration because it has no connection to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city isn’t waiting to see what the president does, however: In January, San Francisco sued over Trump’s funding threat, saying it is unconstitutional. De León agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'You just can’t , with a signature, with a pen say I am going to punish San Francisco, Los Angeles or any other city,\" he said. \"The reality is this: It’s illegal, and it’s unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donald Trump put a national spotlight on so-called sanctuary cities, but in San Francisco the conversation has raged on and off for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate began in the 1980s, as civil wars raged in Central America and churches began providing refuge to fleeing immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Reagan administration refused to recognize these refugees as asylum seekers. So cities stepped up: First Berkeley, then dozens of others, including San Francisco, began \u003ca href=\"http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1031&context=blrlj\" target=\"_blank\">adopting policies\u003c/a> prohibiting local officials from cooperating with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Sheriff Vicki Hennessy was working as a deputy in the county jail back then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Up until that time, ICE agents, or at the time immigration agents, were allowed to come into our jails and check at all the booking cards and see who and question anybody they wanted to question,\" she said during a recent talk to the San Francisco Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city’s early sanctuary policies stopped those visits. But in 1989, they didn’t stop immigration officials and San Francisco police from conducting a joint raid on a Latin dance club in San Francisco, Club Elegante. Dozens of people were handcuffed and detained for hours — including many U.S. citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It wasn't even as much that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve.\" \u003ccite>Sanctuary law author Robert Rubin\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Former state Assemblyman Tom Ammiano, a longtime San Francisco activist and then politician, lived near Club Elegante. He said the raid \"ignited a sleeping giant\" in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was obvious that this was a big snafu that should never have happened,\" he said. \"That was it, boom, that was a benchmark. And then there were demands made on the mayor, 'What are you going to do, what is the solution?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants were scared and city leaders were troubled, agreed civil rights attorney Robert Rubin. He helped write what would become the city’s sanctuary law later that year. The goal was to ensure the immigrant community didn’t fear minor encounters with police. Rubin said even then-Police Chief Frank Jordan was on board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It wasn't even as much that he that he loved immigrants, it was I think more a sense of, we need this type of policy because without it, we lose the trust and cooperation of the immigrant community that we are devoted to serve,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rubin and others working in the city at the time say the federal government pushed back against these policies, even threatening to jail city leaders or strip federal funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as time passed, the city’s law remained. So did outside pressure to change it. Now it is under perhaps its most serious threat: President Trump issued an executive order within days of taking office in January directing his administration to strip federal funding from jurisdictions deemed to be \"sanctuary\" cities and counties. The threat already has sparked lawsuits, including from the city of San Francisco, and is helping drive state legislation that could make California, in the eyes of Trump, a sanctuary state.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“This shouldn’t happen to any family ... We did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do.\" \u003ccite>Danielle Bologna, wife and mother of murder victims\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But even before this political firestorm, there's always been a robust debate within San Francisco about the sanctuary law and how far it should go to protect undocumented immigrants who are accused or convicted of a crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Bologna murders \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June 2008, the slaying of a San Francisco man and his two sons by a gang member who was an undocumented immigrant shook San Francisco to the core.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna lost her husband, Tony, and two of her four kids in a heart-wrenching case of mistaken identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Within weeks, conservative pundits came calling. Here’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.lauraingraham.com/agnosticchart?charttype=minichart&chartID=21&formatID=1&useMiniChartID=true&position=8&destinationpage=/pg/jsp/general/eblasttext.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">Danielle Bologna on the talk show of conservative commentator Laura Ingraham \u003c/a>a month after the murders, talking through sobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shouldn't happen to any family. Any family should not have to go through what I am going through right now. I can't even tell you guys, we were such a close family. We did everything — we did everything right. But yet these immigrants have more rights than we do,\" Bologna said tearfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s sanctuary city policy was immediately blamed. The San Francisco Chronicle \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Slaying-suspect-once-found-sanctuary-in-S-F-3276361.php\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> that the accused shooter, Edwin Ramos, was convicted of two violent felonies as a juvenile but wasn’t deported because of the city’s policy not to hand over minors to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) in any circumstance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations fanned the flames of anger among critics, including Laura Ingraham, who vowed to help the Bolognas end sanctuary policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Three good people, innocent people gunned down, add them to the list of all the other people who have been gunned down, knifed, raped or brutalized by illegal aliens in this country,\" she told Bologna.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone. But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\" \u003ccite>Bologna family friend Marti McKee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s politically ambitious mayor, Gavin Newsom, defended the sanctuary law but also rushed to change how the city handled juvenile offenders. Under the changes, any undocumented kid merely \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">accused\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> of a felony was given to immigration officials, even though adult suspects were still protected. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year, the city turned over more than 100 juveniles to ICE. A year later, the Board of Supervisors \u003ca href=\"http://sfbos.org/ftp/uploadedfiles/bdsupvrs/ordinances09/o0228-09.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">amended city law \u003c/a>to clarify that only juveniles convicted of a felony should be reported to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in those early months, said Ammiano, a key fact was lost in the flurry of outrage: \"It was the feds that dropped the ball.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bologna family friend Marti McKee agreed. She said the federal government, including ICE, knew exactly who and where the Bologna shooter was. Ramos \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-family-s-murderer-killed-before-FBI-was-told-3676718.php\">had applied for legal status\u003c/a> multiple times, and was the subject of a larger federal investigation into gang activity that eventually led to more than two dozen indictments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were communicating with him because he was trying to get his status changed. They knew where he worked, they knew where he lived, they knew where he hung out, they knew where he committed criminal activities. They were following him around,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those details arose in the weeks after the killing, but didn’t attract the same attention as San Francisco’s role. Others didn't come out publicly for years, as the court cases against Ramos and other gang members moved forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danielle Bologna declined to be interviewed for this story. But McKee, who sat with the family through Ramos’ trial, believes federal authorities didn’t deport Ramos\u003ca href=\"http://www.modernluxury.com/san-francisco/story/no-sanctuary-danielle-bologna\" target=\"_blank\"> because they were working to build a bigger case\u003c/a>. She said in the beginning, it wasn't fully clear to anyone on the family's side of things what exactly happened or how the sanctuary law played into the case — and that opponents of the sanctuary law took advantage of that confusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of sanctuary laws say it’s not unusual for critics to attack those policies even if there’s blame to go around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can imagine the level of grief when you’ve lost your husband, two of your children, your home, your livelihood, everything is gone,\" McKee said. \"But I believe Danielle was completely used as a poster child to rail against the sanctuary city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Obama administration crackdown\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the Bologna case roiled San Francisco, the Obama administration started rolling out a new, controversial deportation enforcement program in 2008, known as Secure Communities. It automatically sent the fingerprints of every person booked into a U.S. jail to immigration officials so they could check their legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversially, it also let ICE send requests to jails to hold on to undocumented immigrants after they’d otherwise be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secure Communities rolled out nationally in 2011. But by then, some counties had already begun ignoring the requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2012, those counties opting out of the program were buoyed by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/docs/immigration/ag_info_bulletin.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">memo issued by then-California Attorney General Kamala Harris\u003c/a> advising them that the detainer requests were indeed voluntary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2014, a federal appeals court judge ruled that the jails could be sued for unlawfully holding someone because the detainer requests were not warrants, issued by a judge, but simply requests from an ICE agent. More and more counties around the nation \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/06/us/politics/fearing-lawsuits-sheriffs-balk-at-us-request-to-detain-noncitizens-for-extra-time.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">started ignoring the detainer requests after the court ruling.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco again took a strong stand against federal immigration authorities, passing legislation in 2013 limiting its cooperation to violent felons. At the same time, San Francisco Assemblyman Tom Ammiano was pushing statewide legislation to limit all California jails’ cooperation. After two years — and a veto of a measure that went even further by Gov. Jerry Brown — Ammiano's state bill, a milder version of the San Francisco measure, \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/05/trust-act-signed_n_4050168.html\" target=\"_blank\">became law in 2014\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Kate Steinle murder\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, again in 2015, a horrific murder roiled San Francisco and made national headlines. Kate Steinle, 32, was shot and killed while walking along the San Francisco waterfront. Her accused killer, Juan Francisco Lopez-Sanchez, is an undocumented immigrant who’d been deported five times and had just been released from jail in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case sparked national outrage, with even some Democrats pointing the finger at San Francisco's sanctuary city policy. But again, there was \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/07/08/us/san-francisco-murder-case-exposes-lapses-in-immigration-enforcement.html?_r=2\" target=\"_blank\">blame to go around\u003c/a>: The gun used in the shooting was stolen from a federal park ranger. And questions remain about why federal officials sent him to San Francisco, knowing the city wouldn’t cooperate with immigration detainer requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lopez-Sanchez had just finished a four-year term in a federal prison for crossing the border illegally when the federal government transferred him to San Francisco jail based on a 20-year-old marijuana charge. Shortly after prosecutors declined to file charges, he was released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of San Francisco's more moderate politicians sought to narrow the city's sanctuary ordinance after the Steinle killing, it was another case — in which San Francisco police apparently \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Car-theft-victim-handed-over-to-immigrations-10864148.php\" target=\"_blank\">called ICE on an undocumented immigrant reporting a stolen car\u003c/a> — that most informed a 2016 tweak to the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change altered the circumstances under which city officials can cooperate with ICE. It allows the sheriff to notify immigration officials about an inmate who is accused of a violent felony if that person was convicted of a violent or serious felony in the past seven years and if a judge decides there's probable cause for the current charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Hennessy said no one has met this criteria since she became sheriff in January 2016. But requests to detain local inmates have increased under Trump: In the last six months of 2016, the Sheriff's Department received 41 ICE requests, Hennessy said; this year, it has already received 45 requests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a high standard,\" Hennessy said, adding that she personally reviews each request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, there have been 10 amendments to San Francisco’s sanctuary law since 1989. Most were made in response to aggressive deportation policies implemented by the Obama administration — and most of them made it even harder for local officials to cooperate with ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the policies remain unpopular among conservatives outside San Francisco’s borders, a recent poll found that 79 percent of San Franciscans approve of the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A sanctuary state?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, state lawmakers are considering a bill that could make California a sanctuary state in the view of the Trump administration, by prohibiting state and local governments from using any local resources to assist in deportation actions. Senate President Kevin de León, a Los Angeles Democrat, says the bill will keep communities safe. It \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/03/california-senate-oks-sanctuary-state-bill-critics-fear-losing-federal-money/\" target=\"_blank\">passed the state Senate on Monday\u003c/a> and now heads to the Assembly for consideration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last thing we need is for crime to increase in neighborhoods because police officers have left their beats, their duties to help set up a perimeter around a church, a shelter, or an elementary school, and serving as an extension of ICE agents. Local police departments protect and serve, they don’t enforce federal immigration law,\" de León said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriffs and others are fighting the bill. But de León and his supporters reject the \"sanctuary\" label as a misnomer. He said it’s important to note what so-called sanctuary laws don’t do. They don’t prevent local jails from sharing fingerprints with ICE: every county in the nation does that. They don’t prevent ICE from conducting raids on their own, or from coming into prisons or jails if they secure a warrant from a judge to take custody of an undocumented prisoner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People needed to understand, that nothing in the city-of-refuge ordinance could do anything to stop the federal government from enforcing its own immigration laws,\" said Robert Rubin, the author of San Francisco’s original law. \"It simply said we are not going to help you, we are not going to be a part of it. We think this is the wrong way to go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s still unclear what the fiscal consequence for California or San Francisco may be. The city receives about $2 billion a year from the federal government, but many legal observers believe most of that money is legally untouchable by the Trump administration because it has no connection to law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city isn’t waiting to see what the president does, however: In January, San Francisco sued over Trump’s funding threat, saying it is unconstitutional. De León agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'You just can’t , with a signature, with a pen say I am going to punish San Francisco, Los Angeles or any other city,\" he said. \"The reality is this: It’s illegal, and it’s unconstitutional.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — California is one step closer to resolving tricky legal conflicts on its path to becoming the nation's largest marijuana economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown's administration has released documents outlining proposed changes to square the state's new recreational pot law with its long-standing law on medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two laws took different approaches in many areas, including the potential size of marijuana grows and how many licenses businesses could hold in cultivation, distribution and manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's administration has stressed that one regulatory framework is needed to avoid duplicating costs and confusing businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's attempt to reconcile the two laws hasn't met any formal opposition, though the proposal is lengthy and complicated and groups such as the Los Angeles Cannabis Task Force are still reviewing the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This takes us another step closer to a uniform industry and puts this state in a position to set the national standard,\" Avis Bulbulyan, president of the group, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hezekiah Allen, president of the California Growers Association, had a similar reaction, but said the marijuana farmers' organization had a few concerns with the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Mr3uD25j3x0sgvoINC3WpLkuN6ThYKaK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiefly, Allen said the association is concerned with Brown's proposal to allow a single entity to hold licenses to grow and sell marijuana. A medical marijuana provider can't hold both licenses, but Brown proposes to lift that restriction after it becomes legal to sell recreational pot in California on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could lead to mega-manufactures and mega-chain stores,\" Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he said Brown's plan includes temporarily barring one entity from owning more than three retail stores and a farm larger than four acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/09/smoking-pot-in-california-is-now-legal-but-be-careful-where-you-light-up/\" target=\"_blank\">joined a growing number of states\u003c/a> in legalizing recreational marijuana use for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2018, when the law kicks in, state officials must have crafted regulations and rules governing the emerging legal marijuana market with an estimated value of $7 billion, from where and how plants can be grown to setting guidelines to track the buds from fields to stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, the state will treat cannabis like alcohol, allowing people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of marijuana and grow six marijuana plants at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proposed legislation helps build an effective statewide regulatory system for cannabis to achieve our goals of protecting public safety with clear and consistent rules that are not overly burdensome,\" said Lori Ajax, head of the state's marijuana agency. \"It harmonizes the many elements of the two main statutes governing medicinal and adult-use cannabis, while preserving the integrity and separation of those industries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those changes must be approved by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Brown proposed spending more than $50 million to establish programs to collect taxes and issue licenses while hiring dozens of workers to regulate the industry.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — California is one step closer to resolving tricky legal conflicts on its path to becoming the nation's largest marijuana economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown's administration has released documents outlining proposed changes to square the state's new recreational pot law with its long-standing law on medical marijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two laws took different approaches in many areas, including the potential size of marijuana grows and how many licenses businesses could hold in cultivation, distribution and manufacturing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's administration has stressed that one regulatory framework is needed to avoid duplicating costs and confusing businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor's attempt to reconcile the two laws hasn't met any formal opposition, though the proposal is lengthy and complicated and groups such as the Los Angeles Cannabis Task Force are still reviewing the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This takes us another step closer to a uniform industry and puts this state in a position to set the national standard,\" Avis Bulbulyan, president of the group, said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hezekiah Allen, president of the California Growers Association, had a similar reaction, but said the marijuana farmers' organization had a few concerns with the proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiefly, Allen said the association is concerned with Brown's proposal to allow a single entity to hold licenses to grow and sell marijuana. A medical marijuana provider can't hold both licenses, but Brown proposes to lift that restriction after it becomes legal to sell recreational pot in California on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could lead to mega-manufactures and mega-chain stores,\" Allen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, he said Brown's plan includes temporarily barring one entity from owning more than three retail stores and a farm larger than four acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/11/09/smoking-pot-in-california-is-now-legal-but-be-careful-where-you-light-up/\" target=\"_blank\">joined a growing number of states\u003c/a> in legalizing recreational marijuana use for adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By 2018, when the law kicks in, state officials must have crafted regulations and rules governing the emerging legal marijuana market with an estimated value of $7 billion, from where and how plants can be grown to setting guidelines to track the buds from fields to stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In general, the state will treat cannabis like alcohol, allowing people 21 and older to legally possess up to an ounce of marijuana and grow six marijuana plants at home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This proposed legislation helps build an effective statewide regulatory system for cannabis to achieve our goals of protecting public safety with clear and consistent rules that are not overly burdensome,\" said Lori Ajax, head of the state's marijuana agency. \"It harmonizes the many elements of the two main statutes governing medicinal and adult-use cannabis, while preserving the integrity and separation of those industries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those changes must be approved by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Brown proposed spending more than $50 million to establish programs to collect taxes and issue licenses while hiring dozens of workers to regulate the industry.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "No DOJ, No Problem: Commission President Says SFPD Will Reform With or Without Feds",
"title": "No DOJ, No Problem: Commission President Says SFPD Will Reform With or Without Feds",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Wednesday, 12:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president of San Francisco's Police Commission says that if the U.S. Justice Department ends its oversight of the SFPD, the city will move forward on its own to implement hundreds of reforms prompted by a series of fatal officer-involved shootings and racist text message scandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-orders-justice-department-to-review-all-police-reform-agreements/2017/04/03/ba934058-18bd-11e7-9887-1a5314b56a08_story.html?utm_term=.2b518e8b5f18\" target=\"_blank\">recently called\u003c/a> for the Justice Department to review federal oversight programs at play in local law enforcement agencies across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reaction has focused on the Justice Department's strongest form of intervention -- consent decrees enforced by federal courts, like in Baltimore and Ferguson, Missouri. But \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3535148/Consentdecreebaltimore.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Sessions' memo\u003c/a> also mentions review of \"technical assistance\" -- part of the DOJ's Collaborative Reform Initiative that is underway in San Francisco, among other major cities.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"RcBFxcoHqV7v5THIzw8DeoU6egOf6dJh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that review leads Justice Department officials to pull out of their work aimed at reforming the SFPD, local officials can do it alone, Police Commission President Julius Turman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The agreement between the San Francisco Police Department and the Justice Department may be done away with, but the reforms and measures, we're committed to,\" Turman said in an interview Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD is in the midst of implementing 272 federal recommendations aimed at reducing bias, improving accountability and changing the culture of the department through revamped hiring and training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work is overseen by the Justice Department's \u003ca href=\"https://cops.usdoj.gov/technicalassistance\" target=\"_blank\">Office of Community Oriented Policing Services\u003c/a>, or COPS office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That office unveiled a \u003ca href=\"https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0817-pub.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> in October following an eight-month review that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/12/federal-review-of-sfpd-finds-major-faults-in-every-area-assessed/\" target=\"_blank\">found\u003c/a> San Francisco's Police Department had \"concerning deficiencies in every operational area assessed,\" including use of force, bias and community policing, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report came during the last months of the Obama administration, which in recent years aggressively pursued federal intervention into police departments with alleged patterns or practices of civil rights abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's attorney general, Sessions, appears to be moving in a different direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Local control and local accountability are necessary for effective local policing,\" Sessions wrote in his recent memo. \"It is not the responsibility of the federal government to manage non-federal law enforcement agencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observers say the move is a sign that Trump's Justice Department \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/03/522309537/justice-department-to-review-all-civil-rights-agreements-on-police-conduct\" target=\"_blank\">will scale back scrutiny of unconstitutional policing\u003c/a>, excessive force and other misconduct allegations.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"jpcWjjmq4dUXXuvUpmWn8DGckDWjeCOA\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' memo is troubling, according to a former top DOJ official who expects the department to pull back from local police accountability work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Justice is retreating from its obligation to enforce the Constitution,\" said Jonathan Smith, the former head of the DOJ's Civil Rights Division, Special Litigation Section which conducts \"pattern-or-practice\" investigations and consent decrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think all the technical assistance and grant programs are on the table,\" said Smith, who is currently the executive director for the Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It does not bode well,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turman, though, says there is already strong local support for police reform in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is expected by the citizenry of San Francisco,” Turman said. “We are still going to push through with these measures, regardless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the job is not done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In certain areas we still need to bring the work,\" Turman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Police Chief William Scott is leading the effort. He brings experience enacting federally mandated police reform in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mayor Ed Lee and San Francisco Police Chief William Scott remain fully committed to implementing all of the reforms outlined in the CRI report, regardless of any changes with the Department of Justice,\" SFPD spokesman Officer Robert Rueca said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott recently asked for -- and received -- an extra 90 days before a federal assessment of the Police Department's progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/23/san-franciscos-new-police-chief-to-head-department-in-troubled-times/\" target=\"_blank\">took over the department in January\u003c/a>, and said last month that the extra three months were needed because of the recent change in leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in March, the Police Commission fired an officer in a bias-related case after Scott recommended he be let go. While details of the case are confidential, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/spfd-officer-fired-anti-muslim-text-message-example-departments-zero-tolerance-policy/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Examiner reported\u003c/a> Monday that it involved alleged anti-Muslim texting by the officer.\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=\"NXhcWMb1w3AenChtZKOfyLStivx9FJ14\"]\u003cbr>\nIn March 2015 the department was shaken by the release of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">batch of racist, homophobic and sexist text messages\u003c/a> traded by officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that year, five SFPD officers shot and killed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods/\" target=\"_blank\">Mario Woods\u003c/a>, an African-American man holding a knife. The shooting was caught on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing/\" target=\"_blank\">video\u003c/a> by several bystanders and elevated criticism of the Police Department. Shortly after, then-Police Chief Greg Suhr called for the federal review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/suhr-resigns-after-series-of-fatal-officer-involved-shootings/\" target=\"_blank\">Suhr resigned\u003c/a> last May after another \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/s-f-police-shoot-kill-woman-after-confrontation-in-bayview/\" target=\"_blank\">police shooting that killed Jessica Williams\u003c/a>, an African-American woman.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "'We are still going to push through with these measures, regardless,' San Francisco Police Commission President Julius Turman said.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Wednesday, 12:30 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president of San Francisco's Police Commission says that if the U.S. Justice Department ends its oversight of the SFPD, the city will move forward on its own to implement hundreds of reforms prompted by a series of fatal officer-involved shootings and racist text message scandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/sessions-orders-justice-department-to-review-all-police-reform-agreements/2017/04/03/ba934058-18bd-11e7-9887-1a5314b56a08_story.html?utm_term=.2b518e8b5f18\" target=\"_blank\">recently called\u003c/a> for the Justice Department to review federal oversight programs at play in local law enforcement agencies across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reaction has focused on the Justice Department's strongest form of intervention -- consent decrees enforced by federal courts, like in Baltimore and Ferguson, Missouri. But \u003ca href=\"https://assets.documentcloud.org/documents/3535148/Consentdecreebaltimore.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Sessions' memo\u003c/a> also mentions review of \"technical assistance\" -- part of the DOJ's Collaborative Reform Initiative that is underway in San Francisco, among other major cities.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that review leads Justice Department officials to pull out of their work aimed at reforming the SFPD, local officials can do it alone, Police Commission President Julius Turman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The agreement between the San Francisco Police Department and the Justice Department may be done away with, but the reforms and measures, we're committed to,\" Turman said in an interview Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD is in the midst of implementing 272 federal recommendations aimed at reducing bias, improving accountability and changing the culture of the department through revamped hiring and training.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The work is overseen by the Justice Department's \u003ca href=\"https://cops.usdoj.gov/technicalassistance\" target=\"_blank\">Office of Community Oriented Policing Services\u003c/a>, or COPS office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That office unveiled a \u003ca href=\"https://ric-zai-inc.com/Publications/cops-w0817-pub.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">report\u003c/a> in October following an eight-month review that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/12/federal-review-of-sfpd-finds-major-faults-in-every-area-assessed/\" target=\"_blank\">found\u003c/a> San Francisco's Police Department had \"concerning deficiencies in every operational area assessed,\" including use of force, bias and community policing, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report came during the last months of the Obama administration, which in recent years aggressively pursued federal intervention into police departments with alleged patterns or practices of civil rights abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump's attorney general, Sessions, appears to be moving in a different direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Local control and local accountability are necessary for effective local policing,\" Sessions wrote in his recent memo. \"It is not the responsibility of the federal government to manage non-federal law enforcement agencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Observers say the move is a sign that Trump's Justice Department \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/04/03/522309537/justice-department-to-review-all-civil-rights-agreements-on-police-conduct\" target=\"_blank\">will scale back scrutiny of unconstitutional policing\u003c/a>, excessive force and other misconduct allegations.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions' memo is troubling, according to a former top DOJ official who expects the department to pull back from local police accountability work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Department of Justice is retreating from its obligation to enforce the Constitution,\" said Jonathan Smith, the former head of the DOJ's Civil Rights Division, Special Litigation Section which conducts \"pattern-or-practice\" investigations and consent decrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think all the technical assistance and grant programs are on the table,\" said Smith, who is currently the executive director for the Washington Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Urban Affairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It does not bode well,\" Smith said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turman, though, says there is already strong local support for police reform in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is expected by the citizenry of San Francisco,” Turman said. “We are still going to push through with these measures, regardless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the job is not done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In certain areas we still need to bring the work,\" Turman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Police Chief William Scott is leading the effort. He brings experience enacting federally mandated police reform in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Mayor Ed Lee and San Francisco Police Chief William Scott remain fully committed to implementing all of the reforms outlined in the CRI report, regardless of any changes with the Department of Justice,\" SFPD spokesman Officer Robert Rueca said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott recently asked for -- and received -- an extra 90 days before a federal assessment of the Police Department's progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/23/san-franciscos-new-police-chief-to-head-department-in-troubled-times/\" target=\"_blank\">took over the department in January\u003c/a>, and said last month that the extra three months were needed because of the recent change in leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in March, the Police Commission fired an officer in a bias-related case after Scott recommended he be let go. While details of the case are confidential, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/spfd-officer-fired-anti-muslim-text-message-example-departments-zero-tolerance-policy/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Examiner reported\u003c/a> Monday that it involved alleged anti-Muslim texting by the officer.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nIn March 2015 the department was shaken by the release of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/sfpd-text-messaging-scandal/\" target=\"_blank\">batch of racist, homophobic and sexist text messages\u003c/a> traded by officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later that year, five SFPD officers shot and killed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/mario-woods/\" target=\"_blank\">Mario Woods\u003c/a>, an African-American man holding a knife. The shooting was caught on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/07/video-evidence-appears-to-contradict-sfpd-account-of-mario-woods-killing/\" target=\"_blank\">video\u003c/a> by several bystanders and elevated criticism of the Police Department. Shortly after, then-Police Chief Greg Suhr called for the federal review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/suhr-resigns-after-series-of-fatal-officer-involved-shootings/\" target=\"_blank\">Suhr resigned\u003c/a> last May after another \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/05/19/s-f-police-shoot-kill-woman-after-confrontation-in-bayview/\" target=\"_blank\">police shooting that killed Jessica Williams\u003c/a>, an African-American woman.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "as-sessions-reconsiders-police-reforms-l-a-county-sheriffs-watchdogs-get-nervous",
"title": "As Sessions Reconsiders Police Reforms, L.A. County Sheriff's Watchdogs Get Nervous",
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"headTitle": "As Sessions Reconsiders Police Reforms, L.A. County Sheriff’s Watchdogs Get Nervous | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions has ordered a review of the Justice Department’s police reform efforts across the country, with a possible eye toward rolling them back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has police watchdogs worried in the Antelope Valley, where a federal consent decree has forced changes at the L.A. County Sheriff’s Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years ago, the Justice Department found L.A. sheriff’s deputies in the Antelope Valley were engaged in “widespread” harassment of the mostly minority residents of low-income housing. It concluded that deputies “engaged in a pattern or practice of misconduct” that included “the use of unreasonable force” and unconstitutional pedestrian and vehicles stops, some of which “appeared motivated by racial bias.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-05a-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/JimMcDonnell-960x716.jpg\" Title=\"L.A. Sheriff's Antelope Valley Consent Decree in AG's Crosshairs\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the sheriff agreed to sweeping reforms that are now monitored by a federal judge. They include better training, a new policy on use of force and measures to prevent “biased or discriminatory conduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things have gotten a lot better,” said the Rev. V. Jesse Smith, who lobbied for federal intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deputies still sometimes harass minorities or treat them rudely, he said. “That still happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the consent decree should stay in place, said Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sheriff’s Department declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a federal consent decree in the wake of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/scandal/cron.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rampart scandal\u003c/a> that played a key role in transforming the LAPD, said attorney Gerald Chaleff, who oversaw implementation of the decree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It required the LAPD to do things it otherwise would not have done,” said Chaleff, who now consults with other police departments operating under federal consent decrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under its consent decree, the LAPD tightened its use-of-force policy, created strict protocols for use-of-force investigations and dramatically improved training. It also created a sophisticated computer program to provide an early warning about officers who may have problems with use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consent decrees provide “an outside view of what’s going on in a department,” said Chaleff. They also force cities and counties to spend money on reforms to avoid being in contempt of court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions has suggested the current decrees around the country amount to unnecessary federal meddling in local police departments. He’s argued that the bad behavior of a few cops should not force dramatic changes at otherwise solid agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions will not be able to end decrees on his own, said Chaleff. “This cannot be done unilaterally,” he said. “It’s now in the hands of the judge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only the judge overseeing a consent decree can decide that a law enforcement agency has met all of its obligations to reform.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In the Antelope Valley, a federal consent decree has forced changes at the L.A. County Sheriff's Department -- but the attorney general has suggested consent decrees amount to unnecessary federal meddling.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/frank-stoltze\">Frank Stoltze\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\">KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions has ordered a review of the Justice Department’s police reform efforts across the country, with a possible eye toward rolling them back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That has police watchdogs worried in the Antelope Valley, where a federal consent decree has forced changes at the L.A. County Sheriff’s Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Four years ago, the Justice Department found L.A. sheriff’s deputies in the Antelope Valley were engaged in “widespread” harassment of the mostly minority residents of low-income housing. It concluded that deputies “engaged in a pattern or practice of misconduct” that included “the use of unreasonable force” and unconstitutional pedestrian and vehicles stops, some of which “appeared motivated by racial bias.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the sheriff agreed to sweeping reforms that are now monitored by a federal judge. They include better training, a new policy on use of force and measures to prevent “biased or discriminatory conduct.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things have gotten a lot better,” said the Rev. V. Jesse Smith, who lobbied for federal intervention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But deputies still sometimes harass minorities or treat them rudely, he said. “That still happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the consent decree should stay in place, said Smith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sheriff’s Department declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a federal consent decree in the wake of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/lapd/scandal/cron.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rampart scandal\u003c/a> that played a key role in transforming the LAPD, said attorney Gerald Chaleff, who oversaw implementation of the decree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It required the LAPD to do things it otherwise would not have done,” said Chaleff, who now consults with other police departments operating under federal consent decrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under its consent decree, the LAPD tightened its use-of-force policy, created strict protocols for use-of-force investigations and dramatically improved training. It also created a sophisticated computer program to provide an early warning about officers who may have problems with use of force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consent decrees provide “an outside view of what’s going on in a department,” said Chaleff. They also force cities and counties to spend money on reforms to avoid being in contempt of court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions has suggested the current decrees around the country amount to unnecessary federal meddling in local police departments. He’s argued that the bad behavior of a few cops should not force dramatic changes at otherwise solid agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions will not be able to end decrees on his own, said Chaleff. “This cannot be done unilaterally,” he said. “It’s now in the hands of the judge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only the judge overseeing a consent decree can decide that a law enforcement agency has met all of its obligations to reform.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Marking Equal Pay Day on Tuesday, female lawmakers sounded the alarm about the status of working women in California: From inequality in wages to lack of family friendly workplaces, the \u003ca href=\"http://womenscaucus.legislature.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Legislative Women’s Caucus\u003c/a> says things have to change. And they have proposed legislation to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show that working women in California earn about 80 cents for every dollar men earn. The pay gap is larger for African-American and Hispanic women. To help combat that, Assemblywoman Susan Eggman has \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">introduced a bill\u003c/a> that would prohibit employers from asking job applicants about their salary history. Eggman said fields that women have historically worked in, like teaching or nursing, tend to pay less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only do we undervalue women in the workplace, but we undervalue the work that women do,” Eggman said. “So if somebody goes from a traditional women’s type of employment into, say, law enforcement, if they have to look at what you were paid before and then compare it to what a man is paid, you’re never going to be equal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-05b-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/RS24857_WLC-qut-800x450.jpg\" Title=\"Equal Pay Eludes California's Working Women, Lawmakers Say\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caucus also sent a letter to Gov. Jerry Brown asking him to continue increasing child care provider rates in the coming budget; Brown has proposed putting the increases on hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The deal that was made last year between both houses and the governor was a multiyear commitment to strengthen rates for child care providers,” said Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia chairs the caucus. “Governor Brown is not keeping his promise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson has introduced a measure she says will create more \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB63\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">family friendly workplaces\u003c/a>. It would require employers with 20 or more workers to allow eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of job-protected parental leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When women are forced out of the job market to care for a child, this impacts their wage and career growth for years to come and negatively impacts their family’s economic prospects,” she said. “We shouldn’t force women to have to choose between caring for a child or working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caucus is also backing several bills it says will protect vulnerable communities. They include bills aimed at \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preserving rape kits\u003c/a>, making \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB480\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diapers more affordable\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">encouraging cancer screenings\u003c/a> and cracking down on \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB500\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual exploitation.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Marking Equal Pay Day on Tuesday, female lawmakers sounded the alarm about the status of working women in California: From inequality in wages to lack of family friendly workplaces, the \u003ca href=\"http://womenscaucus.legislature.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Legislative Women’s Caucus\u003c/a> says things have to change. And they have proposed legislation to do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Studies show that working women in California earn about 80 cents for every dollar men earn. The pay gap is larger for African-American and Hispanic women. To help combat that, Assemblywoman Susan Eggman has \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">introduced a bill\u003c/a> that would prohibit employers from asking job applicants about their salary history. Eggman said fields that women have historically worked in, like teaching or nursing, tend to pay less.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only do we undervalue women in the workplace, but we undervalue the work that women do,” Eggman said. “So if somebody goes from a traditional women’s type of employment into, say, law enforcement, if they have to look at what you were paid before and then compare it to what a man is paid, you’re never going to be equal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The deal that was made last year between both houses and the governor was a multiyear commitment to strengthen rates for child care providers,” said Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia chairs the caucus. “Governor Brown is not keeping his promise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Hannah-Beth Jackson has introduced a measure she says will create more \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB63\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">family friendly workplaces\u003c/a>. It would require employers with 20 or more workers to allow eligible employees to take up to 12 weeks of job-protected parental leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When women are forced out of the job market to care for a child, this impacts their wage and career growth for years to come and negatively impacts their family’s economic prospects,” she said. “We shouldn’t force women to have to choose between caring for a child or working.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The caucus is also backing several bills it says will protect vulnerable communities. They include bills aimed at \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1312\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">preserving rape kits\u003c/a>, making \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB480\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">diapers more affordable\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB1386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">encouraging cancer screenings\u003c/a> and cracking down on \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB500\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sexual exploitation.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Offering Driver's Licenses to Undocumented Immigrants Makes Roads Safer",
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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers at Stanford University this week published a \u003ca href=\"https://iriss.stanford.edu/news/authorized-drive\" target=\"_blank\">study \u003c/a>that may bolster the argument that policies aimed at encouraging immigrants to come out of the shadows actually improve public safety. They found that a 2013 California law that granted driver's licenses to immigrants in the country illegally reduced hit-and-run accidents by 7 to 10 percent in 2015, meaning roughly 4,000 fewer hit-and-runs. In that same year, 600,000 people got driver's licenses under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time researchers had studied the effectiveness of such driver's license laws, which have generated significant controversy nationally. Opponents have argued that granting licenses to immigrants in the U.S. illegally is dangerous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a rhetorical cudgel often wielded by those opposed to offering protection or other forms of help to immigrants in the U.S. illegally, and it frequently relies on a notion that immigrants without legal status are more prone to violence and other forms of delinquency. President Trump has often argued that those opposed to a federal government crackdown on illegal immigration do so at the expense of public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This idea was central to Attorney General Jeff Sessions' announcement last month that the federal government intended to withhold federal funds from cities that adopt so-called sanctuary policies aimed at shielding immigrants in the U.S. illegally. \"These policies,\" he said, \"endanger the lives of every American.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"P0M31FodYYpkoIUFrdpyR0eNx8QmzL81\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, research has generally shown that cities that adopt sanctuary policies tend to be safer than those that don't, because immigrants not fearful that a routine interaction with their local police could end in their deportation are more likely to report crimes in their communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, claims that such policies endanger public safety are common, as they have been surrounding the debate about driver's licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many of the countries from which illegal aliens come, it is not uncommon for motorists involved in accidents to flee the scene,\" the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which advocates for immigration restrictions, says on its website, making it \"probable that if more illegal aliens were encouraged to drive by issuing them driver's licenses, it would lead to more accidents caused by uninsured motorists and more would be hit and run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the Stanford researchers said their findings find no evidence for those claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather, our results suggest that, if anything, providing unauthorized immigrants access to driver's licenses reduced their incentives to flee the scene of an accident,\" authors Hans Lueders, Jens Hainmueller and Duncan Lawrence wrote, adding that their findings may help inform the debate over whether other states should grant driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants. Twelve states and the District of Columbia already do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the licenses are available to immigrants who cannot prove they are legal residents of the U.S. Though markings on the ID card indicate to police that it is one of these special licenses, the 2013 law that approved them also prohibits police from reporting license holders to immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers suggest that, \"consequently, unauthorized immigrants with a valid form of in-state driving authorization have weaker incentives to flee the scene after an accident, because they are less likely to fear deportation.\" Their study also found that the license law did not increase the number of traffic accidents overall, as opponents had claimed it would. It did not decrease the number either. But the decline in hit-and-run accidents was a positive sign, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the findings suggest that providing driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants led to improved traffic safety,\" they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, claims that such policies endanger public safety are common, as they have been surrounding the debate about driver's licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In many of the countries from which illegal aliens come, it is not uncommon for motorists involved in accidents to flee the scene,\" the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which advocates for immigration restrictions, says on its website, making it \"probable that if more illegal aliens were encouraged to drive by issuing them driver's licenses, it would lead to more accidents caused by uninsured motorists and more would be hit and run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet the Stanford researchers said their findings find no evidence for those claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather, our results suggest that, if anything, providing unauthorized immigrants access to driver's licenses reduced their incentives to flee the scene of an accident,\" authors Hans Lueders, Jens Hainmueller and Duncan Lawrence wrote, adding that their findings may help inform the debate over whether other states should grant driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants. Twelve states and the District of Columbia already do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the licenses are available to immigrants who cannot prove they are legal residents of the U.S. Though markings on the ID card indicate to police that it is one of these special licenses, the 2013 law that approved them also prohibits police from reporting license holders to immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers suggest that, \"consequently, unauthorized immigrants with a valid form of in-state driving authorization have weaker incentives to flee the scene after an accident, because they are less likely to fear deportation.\" Their study also found that the license law did not increase the number of traffic accidents overall, as opponents had claimed it would. It did not decrease the number either. But the decline in hit-and-run accidents was a positive sign, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Overall, the findings suggest that providing driver's licenses to unauthorized immigrants led to improved traffic safety,\" they said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Berkeley City Council plans to vote Tuesday night to hire interim Police Chief Andrew Greenwood to fill the role permanently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Oakland and San Francisco — which also recently hired new chiefs — Berkeley did not undergo a national search to find Greenwood, who has more than 30 years experience at Berkeley Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood has engaged with a wide range of community members and groups over the last six months, said City Manager Dee Williams-Ridley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His skills, experience and sense of commitment have demonstrated an ability to serve Berkeley according to its progressive, community-focused values,\" Williams-Ridley said in an email through a city spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood would replace Michael Meehan, who served as chief for about seven years before he retired abruptly last fall. While Meehan did not give a specific reason for his departure, there was a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/21/berkeley-mayor-bad-time-for-police-chiefs-in-the-bay-area/\">series of controversies\u003c/a> during his leadership. A police staff survey also found low morale among police employees, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/08/31/officers-question-leadership-of-berkeley-police-chief/\">according to Berkeleyside\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the City Council prepares to vote on Greenwood's hire, some have been critical about the lack of oversight and public input leading up to the hiring decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea Prichett, a member of Berkeley Copwatch, said in an email to KQED that she sent a letter to the city asking for a more \"democratic process\" in hiring the next police chief. Prichett said she's not criticizing Greenwood, but she's concerned that a hiring committee was not established and public input was not sought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Especially at this time in our nation’s history, it is important to take a serious look at where the people of this city want to go. Then the city should hire people and direct resources that can support the democratically chosen course. Public participation and transparency is essential throughout this entire process,\" Prichett said in her letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others feel that a national search or more public input would be unnecessary and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because we have someone who understands Berkeley and has good relationships with a wide range of people, we'd end up with the same result,\" said City Councilman Kriss Worthington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood began his law enforcement career with Berkeley PD in 1986 as a trainee. He's held several roles in the department, including being promoted to police captain in 2012 before \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/09/22/berkeley-police-department-to-focus-on-staffing-will-take-a-collective-deep-breath-under-new-chief/\">he was tapped as interim police chief.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worthington hopes that Greenwood will work with the city and the new City Council to reform its police accountability system, which he believes is outdated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think he will work with us and help us craft Berkeley-type policies that work,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood's salary would be $19,192 a month, according to a \u003ca href=\"/Users/tgoldberg/Downloads/2017-04-04%20Item%2002%20Appointment%20of%20Police%20Chief%20(1).pdf\">memo \u003c/a>that Williams-Ridley wrote to the City Council. That comes to more than $230,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood could not be reached for comment. Officials with the Berkeley Police Association also could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Berkeley City Council plans to vote Tuesday night to hire interim Police Chief Andrew Greenwood to fill the role permanently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Oakland and San Francisco — which also recently hired new chiefs — Berkeley did not undergo a national search to find Greenwood, who has more than 30 years experience at Berkeley Police Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood has engaged with a wide range of community members and groups over the last six months, said City Manager Dee Williams-Ridley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His skills, experience and sense of commitment have demonstrated an ability to serve Berkeley according to its progressive, community-focused values,\" Williams-Ridley said in an email through a city spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood would replace Michael Meehan, who served as chief for about seven years before he retired abruptly last fall. While Meehan did not give a specific reason for his departure, there was a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/21/berkeley-mayor-bad-time-for-police-chiefs-in-the-bay-area/\">series of controversies\u003c/a> during his leadership. A police staff survey also found low morale among police employees, \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/08/31/officers-question-leadership-of-berkeley-police-chief/\">according to Berkeleyside\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the City Council prepares to vote on Greenwood's hire, some have been critical about the lack of oversight and public input leading up to the hiring decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea Prichett, a member of Berkeley Copwatch, said in an email to KQED that she sent a letter to the city asking for a more \"democratic process\" in hiring the next police chief. Prichett said she's not criticizing Greenwood, but she's concerned that a hiring committee was not established and public input was not sought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Especially at this time in our nation’s history, it is important to take a serious look at where the people of this city want to go. Then the city should hire people and direct resources that can support the democratically chosen course. Public participation and transparency is essential throughout this entire process,\" Prichett said in her letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others feel that a national search or more public input would be unnecessary and costly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because we have someone who understands Berkeley and has good relationships with a wide range of people, we'd end up with the same result,\" said City Councilman Kriss Worthington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood began his law enforcement career with Berkeley PD in 1986 as a trainee. He's held several roles in the department, including being promoted to police captain in 2012 before \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/09/22/berkeley-police-department-to-focus-on-staffing-will-take-a-collective-deep-breath-under-new-chief/\">he was tapped as interim police chief.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worthington hopes that Greenwood will work with the city and the new City Council to reform its police accountability system, which he believes is outdated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think he will work with us and help us craft Berkeley-type policies that work,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood's salary would be $19,192 a month, according to a \u003ca href=\"/Users/tgoldberg/Downloads/2017-04-04%20Item%2002%20Appointment%20of%20Police%20Chief%20(1).pdf\">memo \u003c/a>that Williams-Ridley wrote to the City Council. That comes to more than $230,000 a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Greenwood could not be reached for comment. Officials with the Berkeley Police Association also could not be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California's Senate passed a bill late Monday that would make the state a \"sanctuary state,\" under which local and state law enforcement agencies would be prohibited from using their resources to help federal immigration officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB54\" target=\"_blank\">Senate Bill 54\u003c/a>, passed despite last week's announcement by U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions that sanctuary jurisdictions \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/27/521680263/attorney-general-orders-crackdown-on-sanctuary-cities-threatens-holding-funds\">risk losing federal money\u003c/a>. During the Senate debate, the bill's author said he wasn't deterred by Sessions' remarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re the great state of California. We don’t grovel and put our hand out so we can get a little budget money, so we can buy a police car,\" said Kevin de León, a Democrat. \"That’s not who we are as a great state. Our role and responsibility is to protect all individuals and make sure our communities are safer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But critics like Republican Sen. John Moorlach said California can’t afford to anger the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has a very precarious budget,\" he said. \"It has major unfunded liabilities. It has major retiree medical expenses. It has severe infrastructure concerns. We just don’t need to jeopardize a funding source from the federal government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill, which now heads to the Assembly for approval, has been amended to allow for some communication between state and local law enforcement agencies and federal immigration authorities. But law enforcement groups say it’s still too restrictive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An additional amendment would allow people who have previously been deported for violent felonies to be turned over to immigration officials. But Republican Sen. Pat Bates said that amendment doesn't go far enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remain concerned about the criminals charged with crimes such as stalking, human trafficking, felony child abuse, domestic violence, Bates said. \"And I can't believe any of us really want to allow these individuals to remain in our communities and stay in our country after committing such heinous crimes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But de León countered that his bill would make the state safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Undocumented residents commit crimes and are incarcerated at a lower rate than native-born residents,\" he said. \"Counties with sanctuary policies are safer and economically better off than comparable non-sanctuary counties.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill now moves to the Assembly. Gov. Jerry Brown has not publicly said whether he'll sign the legislation should it reach his desk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several other states have recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/30/522091676/several-states-work-to-prevent-data-sharing-about-immigration-status\" target=\"_blank\">taken steps similar\u003c/a> to de Leon's bill, with the governors of Oregon and Washington recently signing executive orders declaring their states as \"sanctuary\" states.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Senate Democrats now have enough votes to block the Supreme Court nomination under current Senate rules, which require 60 votes to proceed on a nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sets up a showdown later this week that will likely lead to a reinterpretation of Senate rules, so that the nominations of Supreme Court justices can be advanced with 51-vote majorities, rather than the preliminary 60-vote threshold that has long applied to high court nominations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we have to, we will change the rules,\" Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina said during Monday's Judiciary Committee meeting. \"It looks like we're going to have to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham's comment came after two senior Democrats on the committee, Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California and Sen. Patrick Leahy of Vermont, said they'd vote no on cloture for Gorsuch. They were seen as Senate traditionalists who may have voted yes, at least for the preliminary vote, in order to avoid what's long been known as \"the nuclear option.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner of Virginia also announced Monday he'd oppose Gorsuch in a cloture vote. Sen. Chris Coons of Delaware was the 41st Democrat to announce a \"no\" vote on cloture, doing so during the Judiciary Committee meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that a \"nuclear\" showdown appears inevitable, here's how the rest of the week will likely play out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Judiciary Committee is expected to approve Gorsuch on a party line vote, which will send his nomination to the full Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a two-step process on the Senate floor. The key is a procedural vote expected Thursday to end debate on the nomination. That's known as a \"cloture vote,\" and with at least 41 Democrats voting no, the motion to proceed to a final vote will fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at that point, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell would be expected to change the rules that govern the Senate through a series of procedural votes. In the past, enough senators in the majority party have been leery of this rules change to avoid it. But it's clear McConnell would have the votes he needs to invoke the \"nuclear option.\" And while he has not specifically said he will do so, his declarative comments about getting Gorsuch confirmed this week make it clear that McConnell is prepared to make this move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If McConnell were to do so, a second cloture vote would then happen, but at this point, only 51 votes would be needed to end debate and move to a final vote. These are the rules that governed President Trump's Cabinet confirmations, since Democrats changed cloture rules in 2013 for everything \u003cem>but\u003c/em> the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate would then proceed to 30 hours of debate, which is expected to go overnight Thursday into Friday. There will then be a final vote to confirm Gorsuch on Friday, which — after the rules change — would require only a simple majority of 51 senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch is assured confirmation at that point, as he is expected to earn support from all 52 Republicans, as well as at least three Democrats: Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia; Sen. Heidi Heitkamp of North Dakota; and Sen. Joe Donnelly of Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democrats+Have+The+Votes+To+Filibuster+Gorsuch+And+Force+%27Nuclear%27+Senate+Showdown&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Senate Democrats now have enough votes to block the Supreme Court nomination under current Senate rules, which require 60 votes to proceed on a nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sets up a showdown later this week that will likely lead to a reinterpretation of Senate rules, so that the nominations of Supreme Court justices can be advanced with 51-vote majorities, rather than the preliminary 60-vote threshold that has long applied to high court nominations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If we have to, we will change the rules,\" Republican Sen. Lindsey Graham of South Carolina said during Monday's Judiciary Committee meeting. \"It looks like we're going to have to.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham's comment came after two senior Democrats on the committee, Sen. Dianne Feinstein of California and Sen. Patrick Leahy of Vermont, said they'd vote no on cloture for Gorsuch. They were seen as Senate traditionalists who may have voted yes, at least for the preliminary vote, in order to avoid what's long been known as \"the nuclear option.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Mark Warner of Virginia also announced Monday he'd oppose Gorsuch in a cloture vote. Sen. Chris Coons of Delaware was the 41st Democrat to announce a \"no\" vote on cloture, doing so during the Judiciary Committee meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that a \"nuclear\" showdown appears inevitable, here's how the rest of the week will likely play out:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the Judiciary Committee is expected to approve Gorsuch on a party line vote, which will send his nomination to the full Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a two-step process on the Senate floor. The key is a procedural vote expected Thursday to end debate on the nomination. That's known as a \"cloture vote,\" and with at least 41 Democrats voting no, the motion to proceed to a final vote will fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at that point, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell would be expected to change the rules that govern the Senate through a series of procedural votes. In the past, enough senators in the majority party have been leery of this rules change to avoid it. But it's clear McConnell would have the votes he needs to invoke the \"nuclear option.\" And while he has not specifically said he will do so, his declarative comments about getting Gorsuch confirmed this week make it clear that McConnell is prepared to make this move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If McConnell were to do so, a second cloture vote would then happen, but at this point, only 51 votes would be needed to end debate and move to a final vote. These are the rules that governed President Trump's Cabinet confirmations, since Democrats changed cloture rules in 2013 for everything \u003cem>but\u003c/em> the Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate would then proceed to 30 hours of debate, which is expected to go overnight Thursday into Friday. There will then be a final vote to confirm Gorsuch on Friday, which — after the rules change — would require only a simple majority of 51 senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gorsuch is assured confirmation at that point, as he is expected to earn support from all 52 Republicans, as well as at least three Democrats: Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia; Sen. Heidi Heitkamp of North Dakota; and Sen. Joe Donnelly of Indiana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democrats+Have+The+Votes+To+Filibuster+Gorsuch+And+Force+%27Nuclear%27+Senate+Showdown&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "State’s Chief Justice Doubles Down on Criticism of Immigration Enforcement in Courthouses",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye is standing by her criticism of federal immigration enforcement in state courthouses after a strong rebuke from the U.S. attorney general and secretary of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two Trump cabinet members took issue with Cantil-Sakauye's characterization in her \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/california-chief-justice-slams-stalking-of-undocumented-immigrants-at-courts/\" target=\"_blank\">March 16 letter\u003c/a> that \"immigration agents appear to be stalking undocumented immigrants in our courthouses to make arrests\" and implied that courthouse arrests may not be necessary if not for state and local laws in some areas that inhibit police and sheriff cooperation with federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those laws are generally known by the name \"sanctuary policies,\" although there is no formal definition and so-called \"sanctuary cities\" vary widely in their policies and levels of cooperation with immigration authorities. Stripping federal funding from such cities, including San Francisco, Oakland and Los Angeles, has been a priority of the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"AK7PusNH5lfmF60mg5pmfoiQTYtdLWvG\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly's \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3534116-DOJ-DHS-Joint-Letter-to-CA-Chief-Justice-Cantil.html\" target=\"_blank\">response\u003c/a> made public Friday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As the chief judicial officer of the State of California, your characterization of federal law enforcement officers is particularly troubling. As you are aware, stalking has a specific legal meaning in American law, which describes criminal activity involving repetitive following or harassment of the victim with the intent to produce fear of harm.\u003cbr>\n...\u003cbr>\nSome jurisdictions, including the State of California and many of its largest counties and cities, have enacted statues and ordinances designed to specifically prohibit or hinder ICE from enforcing immigration law by prohibiting communication with ICE, and denying requests by ICE officers and agents to enter prisons and jails to make arrests. Such policies threaten public safety, rather than enhance it. As a result, ICE officers and agents are required to locate and arrest these aliens in public places, rather than in secure jail facilities where the risk of injury to the public, the alien, and the officer is significantly increased because the alien can more readily access a weapon, resist arrest, or flee. Because courthouse visitors are typically screened upon entry to search for weapons and other contraband, the safety risks for arresting officers and persons being arrests are substantially decreased.\u003cbr>\n...\u003cbr>\nTherefore, we would encourage you to express your concerns to the Governor of California and local officials who have enacted policies that occasionally necessitate ICE officers and agents to make arrests at courthouses and other public places.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cantil-Sakauye doubled down on her previous comments in a written statement, arguing that immigration arrests inside courthouses will discourage victims and witnesses from coming to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Making arrests at courthouses, in my view, undermines public safety because victims and witnesses will fear coming to courthouses to help enforce the law,\" she said. \"I am disappointed that despite local and state public safety issues at stake, courthouses are not on ICE's 'sensitive areas' list that includes schools, churches, and hospitals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designating courthouses as \"sensitive locations\" wouldn't prohibit immigration arrests there, but they \"should generally be avoided, and require either prior approval from an appropriate supervisory official or exigent circumstances necessitating immediate action,\" according to U.S. Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/ero/enforcement/sensitive-loc\" target=\"_blank\">guidelines\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ByI9qBC6uSZb7uIEsDY71UYxdQQ69vh3\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration agents already avoid making arrests at courthouses, according to a written statement from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While ICE does arrest targets at courthouses, generally it's only after investigating officers have exhausted other options,\" the statement says. \"It’s important to note that many of the arrest targets ICE has sought out at or near courthouses are foreign nationals who have prior criminal convictions in the U.S. ... In such instances where deportation officers seek to conduct an arrest at a courthouse, every effort is made to take the person into custody in a secure area, out of public view, but this is not always possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency \"doesn't specifically track arrests by location,\" according to ICE spokeswoman Virginia Kice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of courthouse immigration arrests are also unsure how often they occur, but Stanford Professor Jayashri Srikantiah says she's heard from immigration attorneys around the state about ICE agents \"essentially following and tracking an individual inside the courthouse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When others see that happening and even for that person themselves, it can absolutely feel like what we all would commonly call stalking,\" she said. \"If you’re undocumented and you’re the victim of domestic violence, it may make you very reluctant to go to the courthouse at all, even if you have a very valid need for the legal system.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Chief Justice Tani Cantil-Sakauye is standing by her criticism of federal immigration enforcement in state courthouses after a strong rebuke from the U.S. attorney general and secretary of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two Trump cabinet members took issue with Cantil-Sakauye's characterization in her \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/16/california-chief-justice-slams-stalking-of-undocumented-immigrants-at-courts/\" target=\"_blank\">March 16 letter\u003c/a> that \"immigration agents appear to be stalking undocumented immigrants in our courthouses to make arrests\" and implied that courthouse arrests may not be necessary if not for state and local laws in some areas that inhibit police and sheriff cooperation with federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those laws are generally known by the name \"sanctuary policies,\" although there is no formal definition and so-called \"sanctuary cities\" vary widely in their policies and levels of cooperation with immigration authorities. Stripping federal funding from such cities, including San Francisco, Oakland and Los Angeles, has been a priority of the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Attorney General Jeff Sessions and Homeland Security Secretary John Kelly's \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3534116-DOJ-DHS-Joint-Letter-to-CA-Chief-Justice-Cantil.html\" target=\"_blank\">response\u003c/a> made public Friday:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As the chief judicial officer of the State of California, your characterization of federal law enforcement officers is particularly troubling. As you are aware, stalking has a specific legal meaning in American law, which describes criminal activity involving repetitive following or harassment of the victim with the intent to produce fear of harm.\u003cbr>\n...\u003cbr>\nSome jurisdictions, including the State of California and many of its largest counties and cities, have enacted statues and ordinances designed to specifically prohibit or hinder ICE from enforcing immigration law by prohibiting communication with ICE, and denying requests by ICE officers and agents to enter prisons and jails to make arrests. Such policies threaten public safety, rather than enhance it. As a result, ICE officers and agents are required to locate and arrest these aliens in public places, rather than in secure jail facilities where the risk of injury to the public, the alien, and the officer is significantly increased because the alien can more readily access a weapon, resist arrest, or flee. Because courthouse visitors are typically screened upon entry to search for weapons and other contraband, the safety risks for arresting officers and persons being arrests are substantially decreased.\u003cbr>\n...\u003cbr>\nTherefore, we would encourage you to express your concerns to the Governor of California and local officials who have enacted policies that occasionally necessitate ICE officers and agents to make arrests at courthouses and other public places.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cantil-Sakauye doubled down on her previous comments in a written statement, arguing that immigration arrests inside courthouses will discourage victims and witnesses from coming to court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Making arrests at courthouses, in my view, undermines public safety because victims and witnesses will fear coming to courthouses to help enforce the law,\" she said. \"I am disappointed that despite local and state public safety issues at stake, courthouses are not on ICE's 'sensitive areas' list that includes schools, churches, and hospitals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designating courthouses as \"sensitive locations\" wouldn't prohibit immigration arrests there, but they \"should generally be avoided, and require either prior approval from an appropriate supervisory official or exigent circumstances necessitating immediate action,\" according to U.S. Department of Homeland Security \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/ero/enforcement/sensitive-loc\" target=\"_blank\">guidelines\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration agents already avoid making arrests at courthouses, according to a written statement from U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While ICE does arrest targets at courthouses, generally it's only after investigating officers have exhausted other options,\" the statement says. \"It’s important to note that many of the arrest targets ICE has sought out at or near courthouses are foreign nationals who have prior criminal convictions in the U.S. ... In such instances where deportation officers seek to conduct an arrest at a courthouse, every effort is made to take the person into custody in a secure area, out of public view, but this is not always possible.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency \"doesn't specifically track arrests by location,\" according to ICE spokeswoman Virginia Kice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of courthouse immigration arrests are also unsure how often they occur, but Stanford Professor Jayashri Srikantiah says she's heard from immigration attorneys around the state about ICE agents \"essentially following and tracking an individual inside the courthouse.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When others see that happening and even for that person themselves, it can absolutely feel like what we all would commonly call stalking,\" she said. \"If you’re undocumented and you’re the victim of domestic violence, it may make you very reluctant to go to the courthouse at all, even if you have a very valid need for the legal system.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
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},
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"hidden-brain": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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