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"content": "\u003ch2>Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> I want to take you back to April 1961. It’s a Sunday, and copies of the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em> newspaper are hitting doorsteps all over the East Bay. A big article inside was getting a lot of attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice-over reading newspaper excerpt: \u003c/b>The San Francisco Bay — Big, briny and beautiful. The “meal ticket” that brought 4 million people here has been shrinking rapidly due to man. How much more will the next two decades diminish the waterway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Those were the opening lines of the article written by reporter Ed Salzman. He’d recently seen a map from the Army Corps of Engineers that showed all the projects being considered by local governments that would fill in the Bay — creating land where there was once water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice-over reading newspaper excerpt: \u003c/b>To lovers of the Bay, the prospect is anything but pretty. By 2020, the Bay could be little more than a wide river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>The story was picked up by other newspapers, and soon sparked an environmental revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>I said to Esther, “I don’t know what’s going to happen to the bay. Did you see the map in the \u003ci>Tribune\u003c/i>?” She said, “Yes. Wasn’t it awful?” I said, “Well, do you think you would have time to do something about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today on Bay Curious, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13911567/the-1960s-women-whose-environmental-activism-saved-the-bay\">we’re spotlighting three women who saw the future laid out in those newspaper articles and decided to do something about it\u003c/a>. Their efforts to \u003ci>Save the Bay\u003c/i> had a ripple effect that changed our landscape, \u003ci>and state politics\u003c/i>, forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This episode was adapted from a podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/berkeleyohc/sets/voices-for-the-environment\">\u003ci>Voices for the Environment: A Century of Bay Area Activism.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It features recordings from the UC Berkeley Oral history center — which are awesome because it means we get to hear \u003ci>firsthand\u003c/i> from historic change makers. But technology has come a long way since these were recorded, so you may need to listen a little closer than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stick around at the end of the episode for more \u003ca href=\"https://events.berkeley.edu/Library/event/210947-exhibit-voices-for-the-environment-a-century-of\">details about the Voices for the Environment exhibition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Olivia Allen-Price and this is Bay Curious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sponsor message\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>In the early 1960s, California was already the most populated state in the nation, and the Bay Area was becoming a crowded place. Developers needed land, and they were looking to fill in the Bay to create more of it. But as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiareportmagazine\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>’s Sasha Khokha tells us, some local residents were \u003ci>not \u003c/i>keen on this plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>The Army Corps map published in the newspaper sent shockwaves around the region. And it alarmed three Berkeley residents: Catherine “Kay” Kerr, Esther Gulick and Sylvia McLaughlin. They recalled that moment when they were interviewed together for an oral history project in 1985.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>When the Army Corps map appeared in the \u003ci>Oakland\u003c/i> \u003ci>Tribune\u003c/i> showing that the Bay would end up being a river by 2020 because of all the fill, it was clear to me that this was certainly a possible train of events, and it needed to be stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sylvia McLaughlin: \u003c/b>And I was totally appalled, reading in the [\u003ci>Berkeley\u003c/i>] \u003ci>Gazette\u003c/i>, of the city manager’s dream to fill over 2,000 acres in front of Berkeley. And this was one of the things that galvanized us into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>About two weeks later, Esther came over. We were sitting in the living room, and it was a beautiful day, and the Bay was very blue. I said to Esther, “I don’t know what’s going to happen to the bay. Did you see the map in the \u003ci>Tribune\u003c/i>?” She said, “Yes. Wasn’t it awful?” I said, “Well, do you think you would have time to do something about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>The three Berkeley women started having regular meetings in the spring of 1961. They fit squarely within a well-established Bay Area tradition of environmental activists. They were white. They were highly educated and they were well-connected in local and state political circles. You might recognize Catherine Kerr, as the wife of former UC President Clark Kerr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They read city council plans, consulted with academics on the Berkeley campus, and then called a meeting of the leading environmental organizations in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>The three of us had decided that we were not conservationists and this was a really terrible problem. We were going to tell them about the problem, and then we expected they would carry the ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Esther Gulick: \u003c/b>We weren’t going to form an organization at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>We didn’t have any of the expertise. We explained about the Army Corps map. there were maybe eighty square miles of fill already proposed by various cities around the Bay. And so we said, “This is the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> One by one the environmental leaders in the room agreed that saving the Bay was important. But they also said it was not something their groups could take on. Kay Kerr remembered Dave Brower from the Sierra Club saying:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>“Well, it’s just exceedingly important, but the Sierra Club is interested in wilderness and in trails.” Then the next guy, Newton Drury, said, “Well, this is very important, but we’re saving the redwoods, and we can’t save the Bay.” And then it went around the room to the point where there was dead silence. So we said, “Well, the Bay is going to go down the drain.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>But Kerr said there was one way the Sierra Club offered to help:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>Dave Brower said, “Now there’s only one thing to do: start a new organization, and we’ll give you all our mailing lists.” And they all wished us a great deal of luck when they went out the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sylvia McLaughlin: T\u003c/b>hey said, “Someone should really do something about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Esther Gulick: \u003c/b>It turned out that we were the somebodies.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>And that’s how these three Berkeley women found themselves starting the Save San Francisco Bay Association. And those other environmental groups they did follow through in one important way. They shared their mailing lists. Out of the first 700 mailers the three women sent out, they got about 600 pledges of support. Within a month, Save San Francisco Bay had secured a solid membership base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Esther Gulick: \u003c/b>They just couldn’t believe it, you know. They, like us, thought the Bay belonged to us, the Bay belonged to everybody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> One of the group’s first tasks was to push back against Berkeley’s plan to double the size of the city by filling in more than 2,000 acres of shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activists showed up in droves to Berkeley City Council meetings to object to the plan. And they flooded the mailboxes of elected officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>I would say that was one of our very first lessons, that if you were going to save the Bay, you had to have the support, and you had to educate the politicians. And the second thing was that you couldn’t educate them or get their support without facts. So we spent a great deal of time on collecting facts and then educating everybody that would listen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sylvia McLaughlin: \u003c/b>Our members were very responsive. We would suggest that they attend critical city council meetings and they would. Sometimes the following city council meeting would be wall to wall with chamber of commerce people. It went back and forth like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>In the end, members of the Save San Francisco Bay Association won. In 1963, the Berkeley city council rescinded its plan to fill in the Bay. It was a big victory for environmentalists and it would change Berkeley and the larger Bay forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music ends\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>But there was a problem. The victory in Berkeley only went so far. Other cities around the bay had dozens of other fill plans in the works. The three Berkeley activists knew something had to be done in \u003ci>Sacramento\u003c/i> if they were really going to save the \u003ci>whole\u003c/i> bay. Kay Kerr used her political connections to get a meeting with state Senator Eugene McAteer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAteer was born in San Francisco and was a powerhouse in Bay Area politics. He was a builder, and he had a track record of supporting development and infrastructure projects, like freeways, universities and dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he could tell that the issue of whether or not to fill in the Bay was a significant one. He’d seen the legislature stall over this debate before. So, he proposed a different tact: a study commission focused on regulating development of the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Joseph Bodovitz: \u003c/b>I think what people tend to forget now is how unusual it was to have anybody of McAteer’s stature interested in an environmental issue in the sixties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> This is Joseph Bodovitz. He was a regional planner, tapped to lead a study about what it would look like to regulate bay development. And he said it took the clout of a business-focused, pro-development leader like McAteer to force the legislature to take up the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Joseph Bodovitz: \u003c/b>I don’t know what would be a good example, like Ronald Reagan really being serious about protecting redwoods or something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>The study group ultimately created what became known as the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, or BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These were uncharted waters. There was no precedent for regional environmental regulation back in 1965. In fact, BCDC was the first regulatory agency of its kind in the nation. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency wouldn’t be established for another 5 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A guy named Melvin B. Lane became BCDC’s first chairman. He approached regulating bay development using a handful of basic policy concepts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Melvin Lane: \u003c/b>One of them was that, you don’t put something in the Bay that can just as well go on land. The next one was, you don’t put something next to the Bay that can just as well go inland. And that covered an awful lot of things. A house doesn’t have to be in the Bay, a yacht harbor does. [laughs]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> Mel Lane was a Republican and a successful businessman. And he could speak with authority to developers and real estate interests. At the same time, he was an environmentalist and publisher of \u003ci>Sunset Magazine\u003c/i>, which had long celebrated the beauty of California and the West, and the importance of preserving natural lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>Things that the general public can enjoy will get preference over things that just a limited group can enjoy. The things that a limited group of people can enjoy will get a preference over the something that only is for a single person, or a single owner. There are a lot of industries that need to be in the Bay, but if you fill it up with houses and warehouses, you don’t leave room for those things that really have to be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Lane thought BCDC should take a different perspective from how a city council or developer might approach the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>If somebody owns a piece of shoreline and some mud flats, and they go to the city council and they say, “Now I just want to fill in a little bit out here to help my building, but I’m going to put a little path around here, and there’s a picnic table. And I’ve got this architect that’s going to put ivy on my building, and I’m going to create fifty jobs, and I’m going to pay you twenty thousand a year in taxes, and on and on. And, I’ve only taken .0007 percent of the bay.” A city council can’t turn that down. But if you looked at all of the privately-owned shallow parts of San Francisco Bay and said, “Now if this happens to even a large part of it, was that a good idea?” We’d say, “No.” If you looked at that one slice, you’d say, “Yes.” So as planners, we should be looking at the total, but a developer looks at only his thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Operating a commission that actually rejected permits for multi-million-dollar developments wasn’t easy. Almost immediately, BCDC found itself squaring off against all kinds of Bay Area business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>At the time BCDC was created there were some firms who were fighting it extremely hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Leslie Salt Company was the largest landowner on the San Francisco Bay, operating 26,000 acres of salt ponds at the southern tip of the Bay. In the mid-1960s, the company was looking to turn large portions of their property into commercial and residential real estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel\u003c/b> \u003cb>Lane: \u003c/b>They had decided a couple of years before BCDC came into being, that they were going to start making money on their real estate, because they were never going to do it in the salt business. So, we did fight and scratch with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> BCDC rejected Leslie Salt’s proposal. The commission also battled other corporate giants, including two big ones: U.S. Steel, and Castle & Cooke, better known by its two subsidiaries, C&H Sugar and Dole. U.S. Steel wanted to build an office complex in the San Francisco harbor next to the Ferry Building that would have included a 550-foot skyscraper, more than twice the size of the Ferry Building’s clock tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>Well, they wanted to put some big office buildings out in the Bay. And we did fight them on that, and everybody else took credit for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> Castle & Cooke’s project was even more ambitious. They wanted to build a 42-acre plaza out into the Bay that would house a hotel and a bunch of restaurants and shops. The footprint of the plaza would have been 30% larger than Alcatraz Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCDC rejected both proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Another proposal called for filling in the east side of the peninsula — all the way from San Bruno to the San Mateo Bridge — with dirt from San Bruno Mountain. It would have created 27 square miles of infill land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>They would cut down the mountain, push it in the Bay. Pushing land into the Bay — developers just love that. God, they think that is so wonderful. Anyway, we finally wore them down, but they were tough and very able.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> In 1969, the California Legislature made BCDC a permanent commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becoming an \u003ci>official\u003c/i> state agency marked two milestones in the evolution of Bay Area environmentalism. First, it gave environmental considerations a permanent place in state government. Second, the agency tried to strike a balance between economic development and environmental conservation. Here’s what Joe Bodovitz, the planner, said about that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Joseph Bodovitz: \u003c/b>People sort of had to confront the legitimate interests of both conservation and development. The idea, again, that Mel felt very strongly about is that reasonable, fair-minded people, confronted with facts in a reasonably unemotional way, are going to come out largely agreeing to the same kinds of things. They may disagree on a particular permit or a particular issue, but no fair-minded person can say marshlands aren’t important. Similarly, no fair-minded person can say ports aren’t important to the Bay Area economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Mel Lane said BCDC’s greatest innovation was as a government mediator. It created and enforced rules across the Bay; and it occupied a middle ground between activists and developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>Environmentalists should be extremists. They represent an extreme, and the people who are going to make a buck represent the other one, and the decision-maker should sweat it out in the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music fades\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>The work of Kay Kerr, Esther Gulick, Sylvia McLaughlin and BCDC certainly saved San Francisco Bay from development. But it also became the model for other state regulatory agencies, like the California Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What began with the activism of three women in Berkeley, flourished into an environmental agency whose impact would be felt for decades to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music ends\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> That was Sasha Khokha, host of KQED’s The California Report Magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This episode was adapted from a podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/berkeleyohc/sets/voices-for-the-environment\">\u003ci>Voices for the Environment: A Century of Bay Area Activism.\u003c/i>\u003c/a> It was originally produced by Todd Holmes and Roger Eardley-Pryor, with help from Sasha Khokha. It featured historic interviews from the Oral History Center archives at the Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interviews include Esther Gulick, Catherine “Kay” Kerr, Sylvia McLaughlin, Joseph Bodovitz and Melvin B. Lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the Bay’s history of environmental activism — including how pollution has affected communities of color in the Bay — \u003ca href=\"https://events.berkeley.edu/Library/event/210947-exhibit-voices-for-the-environment-a-century-of\">check out the free exhibit at UC Berkeley in The Bancroft Library Gallery\u003c/a>. It runs through November 2024. We’ve got all the details in the show notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Beale, and myself, Olivia Allen-Price. Special thanks to Dan Brekke for his voice work in the show intro this week. As always, thanks to the KQED family for making this show possible, especially Jen Chien, Katie Sprenger, César Saldaña, Maha Sanad and Holly Kernan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Have a wonderful week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> I want to take you back to April 1961. It’s a Sunday, and copies of the \u003cem>Oakland Tribune\u003c/em> newspaper are hitting doorsteps all over the East Bay. A big article inside was getting a lot of attention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice-over reading newspaper excerpt: \u003c/b>The San Francisco Bay — Big, briny and beautiful. The “meal ticket” that brought 4 million people here has been shrinking rapidly due to man. How much more will the next two decades diminish the waterway?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Those were the opening lines of the article written by reporter Ed Salzman. He’d recently seen a map from the Army Corps of Engineers that showed all the projects being considered by local governments that would fill in the Bay — creating land where there was once water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Voice-over reading newspaper excerpt: \u003c/b>To lovers of the Bay, the prospect is anything but pretty. By 2020, the Bay could be little more than a wide river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>The story was picked up by other newspapers, and soon sparked an environmental revolution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>I said to Esther, “I don’t know what’s going to happen to the bay. Did you see the map in the \u003ci>Tribune\u003c/i>?” She said, “Yes. Wasn’t it awful?” I said, “Well, do you think you would have time to do something about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>Today on Bay Curious, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/arts/13911567/the-1960s-women-whose-environmental-activism-saved-the-bay\">we’re spotlighting three women who saw the future laid out in those newspaper articles and decided to do something about it\u003c/a>. Their efforts to \u003ci>Save the Bay\u003c/i> had a ripple effect that changed our landscape, \u003ci>and state politics\u003c/i>, forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This episode was adapted from a podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/berkeleyohc/sets/voices-for-the-environment\">\u003ci>Voices for the Environment: A Century of Bay Area Activism.\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It features recordings from the UC Berkeley Oral history center — which are awesome because it means we get to hear \u003ci>firsthand\u003c/i> from historic change makers. But technology has come a long way since these were recorded, so you may need to listen a little closer than usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stick around at the end of the episode for more \u003ca href=\"https://events.berkeley.edu/Library/event/210947-exhibit-voices-for-the-environment-a-century-of\">details about the Voices for the Environment exhibition.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Olivia Allen-Price and this is Bay Curious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Sponsor message\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>In the early 1960s, California was already the most populated state in the nation, and the Bay Area was becoming a crowded place. Developers needed land, and they were looking to fill in the Bay to create more of it. But as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/californiareportmagazine\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a>’s Sasha Khokha tells us, some local residents were \u003ci>not \u003c/i>keen on this plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>The Army Corps map published in the newspaper sent shockwaves around the region. And it alarmed three Berkeley residents: Catherine “Kay” Kerr, Esther Gulick and Sylvia McLaughlin. They recalled that moment when they were interviewed together for an oral history project in 1985.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>When the Army Corps map appeared in the \u003ci>Oakland\u003c/i> \u003ci>Tribune\u003c/i> showing that the Bay would end up being a river by 2020 because of all the fill, it was clear to me that this was certainly a possible train of events, and it needed to be stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sylvia McLaughlin: \u003c/b>And I was totally appalled, reading in the [\u003ci>Berkeley\u003c/i>] \u003ci>Gazette\u003c/i>, of the city manager’s dream to fill over 2,000 acres in front of Berkeley. And this was one of the things that galvanized us into action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>About two weeks later, Esther came over. We were sitting in the living room, and it was a beautiful day, and the Bay was very blue. I said to Esther, “I don’t know what’s going to happen to the bay. Did you see the map in the \u003ci>Tribune\u003c/i>?” She said, “Yes. Wasn’t it awful?” I said, “Well, do you think you would have time to do something about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>The three Berkeley women started having regular meetings in the spring of 1961. They fit squarely within a well-established Bay Area tradition of environmental activists. They were white. They were highly educated and they were well-connected in local and state political circles. You might recognize Catherine Kerr, as the wife of former UC President Clark Kerr.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They read city council plans, consulted with academics on the Berkeley campus, and then called a meeting of the leading environmental organizations in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>The three of us had decided that we were not conservationists and this was a really terrible problem. We were going to tell them about the problem, and then we expected they would carry the ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Esther Gulick: \u003c/b>We weren’t going to form an organization at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>We didn’t have any of the expertise. We explained about the Army Corps map. there were maybe eighty square miles of fill already proposed by various cities around the Bay. And so we said, “This is the problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> One by one the environmental leaders in the room agreed that saving the Bay was important. But they also said it was not something their groups could take on. Kay Kerr remembered Dave Brower from the Sierra Club saying:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>“Well, it’s just exceedingly important, but the Sierra Club is interested in wilderness and in trails.” Then the next guy, Newton Drury, said, “Well, this is very important, but we’re saving the redwoods, and we can’t save the Bay.” And then it went around the room to the point where there was dead silence. So we said, “Well, the Bay is going to go down the drain.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>But Kerr said there was one way the Sierra Club offered to help:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>Dave Brower said, “Now there’s only one thing to do: start a new organization, and we’ll give you all our mailing lists.” And they all wished us a great deal of luck when they went out the door.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sylvia McLaughlin: T\u003c/b>hey said, “Someone should really do something about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Esther Gulick: \u003c/b>It turned out that we were the somebodies.\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>And that’s how these three Berkeley women found themselves starting the Save San Francisco Bay Association. And those other environmental groups they did follow through in one important way. They shared their mailing lists. Out of the first 700 mailers the three women sent out, they got about 600 pledges of support. Within a month, Save San Francisco Bay had secured a solid membership base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Esther Gulick: \u003c/b>They just couldn’t believe it, you know. They, like us, thought the Bay belonged to us, the Bay belonged to everybody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> One of the group’s first tasks was to push back against Berkeley’s plan to double the size of the city by filling in more than 2,000 acres of shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The activists showed up in droves to Berkeley City Council meetings to object to the plan. And they flooded the mailboxes of elected officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Catherine Kerr: \u003c/b>I would say that was one of our very first lessons, that if you were going to save the Bay, you had to have the support, and you had to educate the politicians. And the second thing was that you couldn’t educate them or get their support without facts. So we spent a great deal of time on collecting facts and then educating everybody that would listen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sylvia McLaughlin: \u003c/b>Our members were very responsive. We would suggest that they attend critical city council meetings and they would. Sometimes the following city council meeting would be wall to wall with chamber of commerce people. It went back and forth like that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>In the end, members of the Save San Francisco Bay Association won. In 1963, the Berkeley city council rescinded its plan to fill in the Bay. It was a big victory for environmentalists and it would change Berkeley and the larger Bay forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music ends\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>But there was a problem. The victory in Berkeley only went so far. Other cities around the bay had dozens of other fill plans in the works. The three Berkeley activists knew something had to be done in \u003ci>Sacramento\u003c/i> if they were really going to save the \u003ci>whole\u003c/i> bay. Kay Kerr used her political connections to get a meeting with state Senator Eugene McAteer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAteer was born in San Francisco and was a powerhouse in Bay Area politics. He was a builder, and he had a track record of supporting development and infrastructure projects, like freeways, universities and dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he could tell that the issue of whether or not to fill in the Bay was a significant one. He’d seen the legislature stall over this debate before. So, he proposed a different tact: a study commission focused on regulating development of the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Joseph Bodovitz: \u003c/b>I think what people tend to forget now is how unusual it was to have anybody of McAteer’s stature interested in an environmental issue in the sixties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> This is Joseph Bodovitz. He was a regional planner, tapped to lead a study about what it would look like to regulate bay development. And he said it took the clout of a business-focused, pro-development leader like McAteer to force the legislature to take up the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Joseph Bodovitz: \u003c/b>I don’t know what would be a good example, like Ronald Reagan really being serious about protecting redwoods or something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>The study group ultimately created what became known as the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission, or BCDC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These were uncharted waters. There was no precedent for regional environmental regulation back in 1965. In fact, BCDC was the first regulatory agency of its kind in the nation. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency wouldn’t be established for another 5 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A guy named Melvin B. Lane became BCDC’s first chairman. He approached regulating bay development using a handful of basic policy concepts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Melvin Lane: \u003c/b>One of them was that, you don’t put something in the Bay that can just as well go on land. The next one was, you don’t put something next to the Bay that can just as well go inland. And that covered an awful lot of things. A house doesn’t have to be in the Bay, a yacht harbor does. [laughs]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> Mel Lane was a Republican and a successful businessman. And he could speak with authority to developers and real estate interests. At the same time, he was an environmentalist and publisher of \u003ci>Sunset Magazine\u003c/i>, which had long celebrated the beauty of California and the West, and the importance of preserving natural lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>Things that the general public can enjoy will get preference over things that just a limited group can enjoy. The things that a limited group of people can enjoy will get a preference over the something that only is for a single person, or a single owner. There are a lot of industries that need to be in the Bay, but if you fill it up with houses and warehouses, you don’t leave room for those things that really have to be there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Lane thought BCDC should take a different perspective from how a city council or developer might approach the Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>If somebody owns a piece of shoreline and some mud flats, and they go to the city council and they say, “Now I just want to fill in a little bit out here to help my building, but I’m going to put a little path around here, and there’s a picnic table. And I’ve got this architect that’s going to put ivy on my building, and I’m going to create fifty jobs, and I’m going to pay you twenty thousand a year in taxes, and on and on. And, I’ve only taken .0007 percent of the bay.” A city council can’t turn that down. But if you looked at all of the privately-owned shallow parts of San Francisco Bay and said, “Now if this happens to even a large part of it, was that a good idea?” We’d say, “No.” If you looked at that one slice, you’d say, “Yes.” So as planners, we should be looking at the total, but a developer looks at only his thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Operating a commission that actually rejected permits for multi-million-dollar developments wasn’t easy. Almost immediately, BCDC found itself squaring off against all kinds of Bay Area business interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>At the time BCDC was created there were some firms who were fighting it extremely hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Leslie Salt Company was the largest landowner on the San Francisco Bay, operating 26,000 acres of salt ponds at the southern tip of the Bay. In the mid-1960s, the company was looking to turn large portions of their property into commercial and residential real estate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel\u003c/b> \u003cb>Lane: \u003c/b>They had decided a couple of years before BCDC came into being, that they were going to start making money on their real estate, because they were never going to do it in the salt business. So, we did fight and scratch with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> BCDC rejected Leslie Salt’s proposal. The commission also battled other corporate giants, including two big ones: U.S. Steel, and Castle & Cooke, better known by its two subsidiaries, C&H Sugar and Dole. U.S. Steel wanted to build an office complex in the San Francisco harbor next to the Ferry Building that would have included a 550-foot skyscraper, more than twice the size of the Ferry Building’s clock tower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>Well, they wanted to put some big office buildings out in the Bay. And we did fight them on that, and everybody else took credit for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> Castle & Cooke’s project was even more ambitious. They wanted to build a 42-acre plaza out into the Bay that would house a hotel and a bunch of restaurants and shops. The footprint of the plaza would have been 30% larger than Alcatraz Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BCDC rejected both proposals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Another proposal called for filling in the east side of the peninsula — all the way from San Bruno to the San Mateo Bridge — with dirt from San Bruno Mountain. It would have created 27 square miles of infill land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>They would cut down the mountain, push it in the Bay. Pushing land into the Bay — developers just love that. God, they think that is so wonderful. Anyway, we finally wore them down, but they were tough and very able.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha:\u003c/b> In 1969, the California Legislature made BCDC a permanent commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becoming an \u003ci>official\u003c/i> state agency marked two milestones in the evolution of Bay Area environmentalism. First, it gave environmental considerations a permanent place in state government. Second, the agency tried to strike a balance between economic development and environmental conservation. Here’s what Joe Bodovitz, the planner, said about that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Joseph Bodovitz: \u003c/b>People sort of had to confront the legitimate interests of both conservation and development. The idea, again, that Mel felt very strongly about is that reasonable, fair-minded people, confronted with facts in a reasonably unemotional way, are going to come out largely agreeing to the same kinds of things. They may disagree on a particular permit or a particular issue, but no fair-minded person can say marshlands aren’t important. Similarly, no fair-minded person can say ports aren’t important to the Bay Area economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>Mel Lane said BCDC’s greatest innovation was as a government mediator. It created and enforced rules across the Bay; and it occupied a middle ground between activists and developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Mel Lane: \u003c/b>Environmentalists should be extremists. They represent an extreme, and the people who are going to make a buck represent the other one, and the decision-maker should sweat it out in the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music fades\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Sasha Khokha: \u003c/b>The work of Kay Kerr, Esther Gulick, Sylvia McLaughlin and BCDC certainly saved San Francisco Bay from development. But it also became the model for other state regulatory agencies, like the California Coastal Commission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What began with the activism of three women in Berkeley, flourished into an environmental agency whose impact would be felt for decades to come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music ends\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> That was Sasha Khokha, host of KQED’s The California Report Magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Music starts\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This episode was adapted from a podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/berkeleyohc/sets/voices-for-the-environment\">\u003ci>Voices for the Environment: A Century of Bay Area Activism.\u003c/i>\u003c/a> It was originally produced by Todd Holmes and Roger Eardley-Pryor, with help from Sasha Khokha. It featured historic interviews from the Oral History Center archives at the Bancroft Library at UC Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interviews include Esther Gulick, Catherine “Kay” Kerr, Sylvia McLaughlin, Joseph Bodovitz and Melvin B. Lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the Bay’s history of environmental activism — including how pollution has affected communities of color in the Bay — \u003ca href=\"https://events.berkeley.edu/Library/event/210947-exhibit-voices-for-the-environment-a-century-of\">check out the free exhibit at UC Berkeley in The Bancroft Library Gallery\u003c/a>. It runs through November 2024. We’ve got all the details in the show notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Beale, and myself, Olivia Allen-Price. Special thanks to Dan Brekke for his voice work in the show intro this week. As always, thanks to the KQED family for making this show possible, especially Jen Chien, Katie Sprenger, César Saldaña, Maha Sanad and Holly Kernan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Have a wonderful week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Intense Wildfires Burn Across California and New Mexico",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:15 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of wildfires in New Mexico and California have spawned evacuations, with intense blazes developing quickly and making damage assessments difficult for local officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Fork Fire, which was first reported Monday morning in southern New Mexico’s Village of Ruidoso, has now burned more than 15,000 acres and is 0% contained, \u003ca href=\"https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/usfs/map/#d:24hrs;@-105.5,33.9,8.0z\">according to the National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kunm.org/local-news/2024-06-18/south-fork-fire-burns-more-than-15-000-acres-and-still-not-contained\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a>, ordering evacuations for Ruidoso and nearby tribal lands. The emergency declaration will help the state allocate resources from the National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grisham commended first responders and residents who have helped others who were forced to evacuate.[ad fullwidth]“The number of New Mexicans who, on their own, are helping and are offering up their own homes for shelter shows me, once again, the generosity and compassion of the people in this state,” the governor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze has damaged or destroyed more than 500 structures, though Grisham said the intensity of the fire makes it such that a flyover will be necessary to map a more accurate damage assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will really allow us to see inside the fire in a way that we cannot do now because it is too dangerous to be in the heart of the fire,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11991182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11991182\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire-800x420.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire-1020x536.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire-160x84.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire-1536x806.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of a map showing the South Fork Fire in New Mexico on June 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Via Fire Information for Resource Management System US/Canada)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents of Ruidoso said what should have been a 15-minute drive out of town became a horrifying hours-long endeavor. The Associated Press reported that real estate agent Christie Hood said the evacuation order came so quickly that she and her husband had little time to gather up their children and dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked like the sky was on fire. It was bright orange,” Hood said. “Honestly, it looked like the apocalypse. It was terrifying and sparks were falling on us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second wildfire is burning in southern New Mexico about five miles southeast of the South Fork Fire. The Salt Fire has burned about 7,000 acres and was 1% contained as of Wednesday afternoon, according to the wildfire tracking app \u003ca href=\"https://app.watchduty.org/#/i/22195\">Watch Duty\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Northern California battles back its own set of new fires\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After California fire crews began battling wildfires over the weekend, new blazes have also broke out in the northern part of the state this week.[aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"california-wildfire\"]The Aero Fire, located in the small Calaveras County community of Copperopolis southwest of Sacramento, broke out Monday. The blaze has burned more than 5,000 acres and has forced evacuations, with CalFire officials reporting three structures destroyed and one damaged. Local officials have set up three evacuation centers, but the number of evacuees remains unknown. With winds decreasing and relative humidity increasing, firefighters have been able to get the Aero Fire 45% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another wildfire, the Sites Fire, also erupted Monday in Colusa County, just over 100 miles to the north of San Francisco. CalFire reports that the blaze, which has torched more than 15,000 acres, is 10% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But crews have reason to remain optimistic about conditions in California’s Central Valley. The National Weather Service says red flag warnings for fire conditions were set to expire by midday Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters have also been making progress on containing the more than 15,000 acre Post Fire, which began Saturday in Los Angeles and Ventura County. State fire officials say that the wildfire is 43% contained. And Sonoma County’s Point Fire, which has burned more than 1,200 acres since breaking out Sunday, is 60% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 6:15 p.m. Wednesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of wildfires in New Mexico and California have spawned evacuations, with intense blazes developing quickly and making damage assessments difficult for local officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Fork Fire, which was first reported Monday morning in southern New Mexico’s Village of Ruidoso, has now burned more than 15,000 acres and is 0% contained, \u003ca href=\"https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/usfs/map/#d:24hrs;@-105.5,33.9,8.0z\">according to the National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Michelle Lujan Grisham has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kunm.org/local-news/2024-06-18/south-fork-fire-burns-more-than-15-000-acres-and-still-not-contained\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a>, ordering evacuations for Ruidoso and nearby tribal lands. The emergency declaration will help the state allocate resources from the National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grisham commended first responders and residents who have helped others who were forced to evacuate.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“The number of New Mexicans who, on their own, are helping and are offering up their own homes for shelter shows me, once again, the generosity and compassion of the people in this state,” the governor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze has damaged or destroyed more than 500 structures, though Grisham said the intensity of the fire makes it such that a flyover will be necessary to map a more accurate damage assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It will really allow us to see inside the fire in a way that we cannot do now because it is too dangerous to be in the heart of the fire,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11991182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11991182\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1008\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire-800x420.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire-1020x536.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire-160x84.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/screencap-south-fork-fire-1536x806.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Screenshot of a map showing the South Fork Fire in New Mexico on June 19, 2024. \u003ccite>(Via Fire Information for Resource Management System US/Canada)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Residents of Ruidoso said what should have been a 15-minute drive out of town became a horrifying hours-long endeavor. The Associated Press reported that real estate agent Christie Hood said the evacuation order came so quickly that she and her husband had little time to gather up their children and dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It looked like the sky was on fire. It was bright orange,” Hood said. “Honestly, it looked like the apocalypse. It was terrifying and sparks were falling on us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second wildfire is burning in southern New Mexico about five miles southeast of the South Fork Fire. The Salt Fire has burned about 7,000 acres and was 1% contained as of Wednesday afternoon, according to the wildfire tracking app \u003ca href=\"https://app.watchduty.org/#/i/22195\">Watch Duty\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Northern California battles back its own set of new fires\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After California fire crews began battling wildfires over the weekend, new blazes have also broke out in the northern part of the state this week.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Aero Fire, located in the small Calaveras County community of Copperopolis southwest of Sacramento, broke out Monday. The blaze has burned more than 5,000 acres and has forced evacuations, with CalFire officials reporting three structures destroyed and one damaged. Local officials have set up three evacuation centers, but the number of evacuees remains unknown. With winds decreasing and relative humidity increasing, firefighters have been able to get the Aero Fire 45% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another wildfire, the Sites Fire, also erupted Monday in Colusa County, just over 100 miles to the north of San Francisco. CalFire reports that the blaze, which has torched more than 15,000 acres, is 10% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But crews have reason to remain optimistic about conditions in California’s Central Valley. The National Weather Service says red flag warnings for fire conditions were set to expire by midday Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters have also been making progress on containing the more than 15,000 acre Post Fire, which began Saturday in Los Angeles and Ventura County. State fire officials say that the wildfire is 43% contained. And Sonoma County’s Point Fire, which has burned more than 1,200 acres since breaking out Sunday, is 60% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What Does It Mean to 'Contain' a Wildfire? And More Answers to Your Questions",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. on January 9, 2025\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020872/la-fires-eaton-fire-palisades-pasadena-wildfire-resources-air-quality\"> a deadly wildfire\u003c/a> breaks out in California, causing people to lose their homes, security or even their lives, it can be a truly distressing and confusing time for those of us who live here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> team asked KQED audiences their most pressing questions about wildfires. Read on for the full answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘What does it mean when a fire is \u003cem>contained\u003c/em> or \u003cem>controlled\u003c/em>?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Once a fire starts, the goal is suppression, and the first step is containment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire updates often include a “% contained” figure, and it can take days for fire crews to get even 10% containment on certain fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does containment mean, and why is it so hard to achieve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Containment means that there’s some type of barrier between the area that has been burned, which we call ‘the black’ and an area that has not been burned, which we refer to as ‘the green,'” Cal Fire public information officer Jaime Williams says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “% contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two types of barriers: natural and artificial. A stream or lake can act as a natural barrier, and an artificial barrier is often a dirt path dug around the fire. Firefighters will use a bulldozer to create what is called a “dozer line” or manually carve out a path using picks and shovels, which is called a “hand line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically scrape the top layer of the grass off to leave bare mineral soil,” Williams says. “That way, the fire stops because there’s nothing to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or firefighters will employ a “hose lay,” where they’ll carry a synthetic hose around the fire, periodically spraying the area inside “the black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean fires can’t spread beyond a containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003cem>(Deleware.gov)\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winds can carry embers beyond containment lines, which spark new fires nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50% contained to 20% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hot spots that could flare up. After the hot spots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EzcA3KvEsY\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘How do wildfires get their names?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first fire crew on the scene typically names the fire. Usually, they’re inspired by a nearby landmark like a road, mountain, lake or town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tubbs Fire, which \u003c/a>destroyed parts of Santa Rosa in 2017, started near Tubbs Lane, just north of Calistoga. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> in Napa was named for Atlas Peak, a nearby mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the naming process isn’t always that simple — especially with the sheer number of fires in play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/08/26/434821450/how-do-wildfires-get-their-names-the-national-park-service-explains\">firefighters in Idaho faced their 57th fire of the season\u003c/a> and couldn’t come up with a creative name for the fire. So, they named it \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Not Creative Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire names also often include the word “complex,” like the CZU Lightning Complex fires that burned in San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties in 2020. That means there are two or more individual fires located in the same general area, and it has been assigned to a unified command.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘How can I prepare for a wildfire?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wildfires may now feel grimly inevitable in Northern California. But there is still a great deal you can do personally to prepare yourself, your family and your home for wildfire and its wide-reaching effects. Find our most-read guides to wildfire preparedness below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">How to Prepare Your Home For Wildfire\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if your home isn’t in the direct path of flames, wildfire can still reach you through flying embers. Find out how to do a self-assessment of the trees, brush and other vegetation on and around your property, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">learn the steps to protect your home\u003c/a> from wildfire by creating defensible space and “hardening” your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">What to Pack in Your Emergency Bag to Prepare For a Wildfire\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire moves incredibly fast, and if you live in an at-risk zone, you and your family may have to leave your home immediately. Read \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">our guide to what should be in your emergency bag\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11619961 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Inmate firefighters clear brush from a roadside in the Berkeley Hills in September. Fire officials say fuel reduction projects like this are critical to preventing major wildfires, but funding for fuel reduction on federal land has been squeezed to pay for increasing firefighting costs.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-960x636.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-375x248.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inmate firefighters clear brush from a roadside in the Berkeley Hills in September 2017. Fire officials say fuel reduction projects like this are critical to preventing major wildfires, but funding for fuel reduction on federal land has been squeezed to pay for increasing firefighting costs. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">Fire Evacuation: What Actually Happens? And How Can You Plan?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to evacuate your home due to the threat of wildfire is a scary prospect — especially if you’ve never had to do it before. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">Read our guide to safely and swiftly leaving your home\u003c/a>, from when you should leave to what you should bring (and what you should wear).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\">During a Wildfire, Your Phone Might Stop Working. How Can You Communicate?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a disaster situation, communication between you and those you care about is key. But what if the one device you rely on to communicate — your phone — isn’t working because of downed cell towers? Read these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\">steps you can take to maintain contact with others\u003c/a> and keep loved ones up-to-date on your safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">When Air Quality’s Bad, Which Mask Should I Wear for Wildfire Smoke?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians have become familiar with masks in recent years. And in a nutshell, that collection of N95 or KN95 masks you may still have in your home for COVID is the best choice for protecting yourself from wildfire smoke. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Read more about how these masks work\u003c/a>, and which ones just aren’t effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Why Wildfire Smoke is So Dangerous to Your Health\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even brief exposure to wildfire smoke can cause potentially serious health problems for everyone. And the most dangerous thing for your health in this smoke is the fine particulate matter: that is, the tiny pieces of soot and ash that are invisible to the naked eye. Read more about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">why protecting yourself against wildfire smoke is so crucial\u003c/a>, and how to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story was originally published in Oct. 2017.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 10 a.m. on January 9, 2025\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12020872/la-fires-eaton-fire-palisades-pasadena-wildfire-resources-air-quality\"> a deadly wildfire\u003c/a> breaks out in California, causing people to lose their homes, security or even their lives, it can be a truly distressing and confusing time for those of us who live here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/podcasts/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> team asked KQED audiences their most pressing questions about wildfires. Read on for the full answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘What does it mean when a fire is \u003cem>contained\u003c/em> or \u003cem>controlled\u003c/em>?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Once a fire starts, the goal is suppression, and the first step is containment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire updates often include a “% contained” figure, and it can take days for fire crews to get even 10% containment on certain fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does containment mean, and why is it so hard to achieve?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Containment means that there’s some type of barrier between the area that has been burned, which we call ‘the black’ and an area that has not been burned, which we refer to as ‘the green,'” Cal Fire public information officer Jaime Williams says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “% contained” indicates how much of the fire’s perimeter is surrounded by a barrier. So, for a fire whose perimeter is 10 miles around, if firefighters create a 5-mile-long dirt area around the fire, the fire is 50% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two types of barriers: natural and artificial. A stream or lake can act as a natural barrier, and an artificial barrier is often a dirt path dug around the fire. Firefighters will use a bulldozer to create what is called a “dozer line” or manually carve out a path using picks and shovels, which is called a “hand line.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They basically scrape the top layer of the grass off to leave bare mineral soil,” Williams says. “That way, the fire stops because there’s nothing to burn.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or firefighters will employ a “hose lay,” where they’ll carry a synthetic hose around the fire, periodically spraying the area inside “the black.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that doesn’t mean fires can’t spread beyond a containment line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1916742\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2404px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1916742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/10/Fork-Complex_Aug-5-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2404\" height=\"1412\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters use picks to create a barrier between unburned vegetation and the fire in a technique called a ‘hand line.’ \u003cem>(Deleware.gov)\u003c/em>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Winds can carry embers beyond containment lines, which spark new fires nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then a fire can go from 50% contained to 20% contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after a fire is contained, there’s still a lot of work to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A contained fire can still be flaming inside the perimeter and firefighters must burn out untouched vegetation inside the barrier and cool down hot spots that could flare up. After the hot spots and unburned vegetation are treated and the barrier is expected to hold, a fire is considered “controlled.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9EzcA3KvEsY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9EzcA3KvEsY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch2>‘How do wildfires get their names?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first fire crew on the scene typically names the fire. Usually, they’re inspired by a nearby landmark like a road, mountain, lake or town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tubbs Fire, which \u003c/a>destroyed parts of Santa Rosa in 2017, started near Tubbs Lane, just north of Calistoga. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents/incidentdetails/Index/1866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Atlas Fire\u003c/a> in Napa was named for Atlas Peak, a nearby mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the naming process isn’t always that simple — especially with the sheer number of fires in play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in 2015, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/08/26/434821450/how-do-wildfires-get-their-names-the-national-park-service-explains\">firefighters in Idaho faced their 57th fire of the season\u003c/a> and couldn’t come up with a creative name for the fire. So, they named it \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4523\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Not Creative Fire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire names also often include the word “complex,” like the CZU Lightning Complex fires that burned in San Mateo and Santa Cruz counties in 2020. That means there are two or more individual fires located in the same general area, and it has been assigned to a unified command.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘How can I prepare for a wildfire?’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wildfires may now feel grimly inevitable in Northern California. But there is still a great deal you can do personally to prepare yourself, your family and your home for wildfire and its wide-reaching effects. Find our most-read guides to wildfire preparedness below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">How to Prepare Your Home For Wildfire\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if your home isn’t in the direct path of flames, wildfire can still reach you through flying embers. Find out how to do a self-assessment of the trees, brush and other vegetation on and around your property, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">learn the steps to protect your home\u003c/a> from wildfire by creating defensible space and “hardening” your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">What to Pack in Your Emergency Bag to Prepare For a Wildfire\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire moves incredibly fast, and if you live in an at-risk zone, you and your family may have to leave your home immediately. Read \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">our guide to what should be in your emergency bag\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11619961\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11619961 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-800x530.jpg\" alt=\"Inmate firefighters clear brush from a roadside in the Berkeley Hills in September. Fire officials say fuel reduction projects like this are critical to preventing major wildfires, but funding for fuel reduction on federal land has been squeezed to pay for increasing firefighting costs.\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-800x530.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-1020x676.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-1180x782.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-960x636.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-375x248.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/RS27070_Inmate-Firefighters-1-qut-520x345.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inmate firefighters clear brush from a roadside in the Berkeley Hills in September 2017. Fire officials say fuel reduction projects like this are critical to preventing major wildfires, but funding for fuel reduction on federal land has been squeezed to pay for increasing firefighting costs. \u003ccite>(Ryan Levi/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">Fire Evacuation: What Actually Happens? And How Can You Plan?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to evacuate your home due to the threat of wildfire is a scary prospect — especially if you’ve never had to do it before. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">Read our guide to safely and swiftly leaving your home\u003c/a>, from when you should leave to what you should bring (and what you should wear).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\">During a Wildfire, Your Phone Might Stop Working. How Can You Communicate?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a disaster situation, communication between you and those you care about is key. But what if the one device you rely on to communicate — your phone — isn’t working because of downed cell towers? Read these \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11840047/during-a-disaster-your-phone-might-stop-working-how-can-you-communicate\">steps you can take to maintain contact with others\u003c/a> and keep loved ones up-to-date on your safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">When Air Quality’s Bad, Which Mask Should I Wear for Wildfire Smoke?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Californians have become familiar with masks in recent years. And in a nutshell, that collection of N95 or KN95 masks you may still have in your home for COVID is the best choice for protecting yourself from wildfire smoke. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Read more about how these masks work\u003c/a>, and which ones just aren’t effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Why Wildfire Smoke is So Dangerous to Your Health\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even brief exposure to wildfire smoke can cause potentially serious health problems for everyone. And the most dangerous thing for your health in this smoke is the fine particulate matter: that is, the tiny pieces of soot and ash that are invisible to the naked eye. Read more about \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">why protecting yourself against wildfire smoke is so crucial\u003c/a>, and how to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story was originally published in Oct. 2017.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Read in English\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los californianos se han habituado a las máscaras en los últimos años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primero descubrimos el \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706160/how-particulate-respirator-masks-work\">valor de las mascarillas N95 y N100 para protegernos del humo de los incendios forestales\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés). Y durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las mascarillas de todos los tipos pasaron a formar parte de nuestro vestuario diario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A medida que \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987343/covid-bay-area-wastewater-variant-symptoms-isolation-guidance\">los niveles de COVID-19 aumentan de nuevo en las corrientes de agua residuales del Área de la Bahía a principios del verano de 2024\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés), muchas personas están optando por volver a usar las mascarillas en espacios cerrados concurridos como los supermercados o el transporte público BART en hora pico. Pero a medida que los incendios forestales siguen amenazando California, ¿con qué debería cubrirse la boca y nariz si el humo de los incendios forestales y COVID-19 vuelven a coincidir?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En breve, la respuesta es: Esas mascarillas de N95 o KN95 que puede que aún tenga en casa son la mejor opción para protegerse tanto contra el COVID-19 como contra el humo de los incendios forestales. Siga leyendo para conocer lo que necesita acerca de las mascarillas para protegerse en 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con cientos de incendios forestales en diferentes partes de California, y grandes incendios afectando la calidad del aire cerca de casi cada condado del Área de la Bahía, los residentes se preguntan como sobrellevar múltiples crisis. Los incendios, el humo y la pandemia de covid-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En “los tiempos de antes”, antes de la pandemia, los residentes de áreas con humo tenían que evitar salir de sus hogares y se surtirían de cubrebocas N95 o N100, para protegerse de las pequeñas partículas en el aire que existen cuando hay incendios y que pueden tener efectos negativos en la salud.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Uso de mascarillas de tipo N95 para COVID-19 y el humo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“La mejor mascarilla para protegerse contra el humo de los incendios forestales es una de tipo N95. También es la mejor mascarilla para protegerse del coronavirus», afirmó el Dr. John Balmes, neumólogo y profesor de medicina de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de California en San Francisco (o UCSF, por sus siglas en ingés).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (o CDC, por sus siglas en inglés) afirman que las mascarillas de respiración bien ajustadas y aprobadas por el Instituto Nacional de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo (o NIOSH, por sus siglas en inglés), \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/publicppe/community-ppe.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprevent-getting-sick%2Ftypes-of-masks.html#anchor_5146932324\">como las de tipo N95, ofrecen el “mejor” nivel de protección frente a los peligros del aire, incluidas las gotitas que propagan el COVID-19\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés). (\u003ca href=\"https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2023/06/29/wildfire-smoke/\">Tenga en cuenta que, por lo general, los CDC utilizan oficialmente la palabra “respirador” para referirse a este tipo de protectores de rostro\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés) que son muy eficaces contra las partículas, y “mascarillas” para referirse a los tipos de protectores de rostro que son menos eficaces, como las mascarillas de tela y las mascarillas quirúrgicas, le daremos más información sobre ellas más adelante).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El “95” de N95 también indica que estas mascarillas “alcanzan una eficacia de filtración mínima del 95%” frente a partículas peligrosas, según los CDC. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706160/how-particulate-respirator-masks-work\">Lea más sobre cómo funcionan las mascarillas N95 y por qué son tan eficaces\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004846\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004846\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/WILDFIRE-SMOKE-IN-THE-AIR.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/WILDFIRE-SMOKE-IN-THE-AIR.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/WILDFIRE-SMOKE-IN-THE-AIR-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Humo de incendio forestal en el aire cerca de Pleasant Valley Road en Vacaville, condado de Solano, el 20 de agosto de 2020. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Una advertencia: algunos funcionarios de salud pública afirman que las mascarillas de tipo N95 no son para cualquier persona, debido a la posibilidad de que el usuario se equivoque en el ajuste y de que provoquen el tipo de incomodidad que hace que algunas personas sean menos propensas a llevarlas de manera constante,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veronica Vien, funcionaria de información pública del Departamento de Salud Pública de San Francisco, afirma que las mascarillas como las de tipo N95 pueden resultar incómodas de llevar durante largos periodos de tiempo y deben “proporcionar un sello hermético alrededor de la boca y la nariz del usuario” para funcionar de forma eficaz. “Si una mascarilla N95 le hace sentir mejor, póngasela. Si se siente aún peor, no lo lleve”, afirma Vien.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balmes, de la UCSF, también señaló que algunos tipos de mascarillas KN95, similares a las mascarillas N95, pero fabricadas en China, también son buenas. Los CDC denominan a este tipo de mascarillas “respirador facial filtrante internacional”, porque \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/publicppe/community-ppe.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprevent-getting-sick%2Ftypes-of-masks.html#anchor_5146932324\">se someten a pruebas según normas internacionales y no según las normas del NIOSH\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés), lo que significa que “pueden no tener los rigurosos requerimientos de garantía de calidad que satisfacen aquellas [mascarillas] que están aprobadas por el NIOSH.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿Y las mascarillas tipo N95 con válvulas de exhalación?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Este tipo de mascarillas funcionan bien contra el humo de los incendios forestales, pero son menos eficaces para detener la propagación de enfermedades como el virus del COVID-19, incluso con cinta aislante sobre la válvula. Por lo tanto, si tiene COVID-19, estará exhalando partículas infecciosas hacia los demás a través de esas válvulas como no lo permiten los N95 sin válvulas. Esto se debe a que, si bien estas válvulas impiden que las partículas lleguen a la boca, pueden permitirle respirar el aire que sale de la mascarilla sin filtrarlo.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Uso de una mascarilla quirúrgica contra el COVID-19 y el humo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Las mascarillas quirúrgicas «protegen de alguna manera contra el humo de los incendios forestales porque están estandarizadas», afirma Balmes. Balmes calcula que las mascarillas quirúrgicas pueden reducir la exposición al humo de los incendios en aproximadamente un 20%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En cuanto a COVID-19, los CDC afirman que las “mascarillas quirúrgicas desechables bien ajustadas” son sólo la segunda mejor mascarilla para protegerse del virus, junto con las de tipo KN95, por detrás de las mascarillas N95.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Uso de una mascarilla de tela para COVID-19 y el humo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>El uso de mascarillas de tela fue una de las principales medidas adoptadas para limitar la propagación del virus en los primeros días de la pandemia. Pero a estas alturas, los CDC han advertido de que, aunque este tipo de mascarillas “pueden bloquear las gotitas”, no protegen de las partículas pequeñas, por lo que no son una buena opción para protegerse contra el COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Además, las mascarillas de tela no filtran el humo de los incendios forestales. Como señalan los CDC, ni las mascarillas de tela ni las mascarillas quirúrgicas “tienen el tipo de material filtrante que eliminará las partículas de humo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿La mejor manera de protegerse del humo de los incendios forestales?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aunque las mascarillas son una buena opción, las autoridades sanitarias afirman que \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">la forma más eficaz de protegerse del humo de los incendios forestales es quedarse en casa lo más posible\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abajo encontrará un mapa interactivo de la calidad del aire realizado por la compañía privada PurpleAir. Para más información de la calidad del aire visite \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968622/mapa-reporte-actual-de-la-calidad-del-aire-en-el-area-de-la-bahia\">este enlace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?#9.33/37.7482/-122.4927\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estos consejos parecen no ser de tanta ayuda debido a la ola de calor y a las evacuaciones pendientes, pero los funcionarios de la Oficina de Servicios de Emergencia del estado continuan recomendando que las personas se mantengan en sus casa con las puertas y ventanas cerradas y con el aire acondicionado prendido, si es posible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AirDistrict/status/1704288547967218052\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El 17 de junio de 2024, el Distrito de Aire puso en marcha un sistema de notificación de incidentes relacionados con la calidad del aire. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/es-mx/contact-us/sign-up-for-information/air-quality-incident-notifications\">Ahora puede registrarse para recibir notificaciones sobre incidentes que afecten a la calidad del aire de cualquiera de los nueve condados del Área de la Bahía\u003c/a>. Podrá recibir notificaciones por correo electrónico, mensaje de texto o ambos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El \u003cem>California Air Resources Board \u003c/em> (o CARB, por sus siglas en inglés) también recomienda limpiadores de aire mecánicos con un filtro de eficiencia alta para particulas (HEPA) la cual recolecta partículas pequeñas del aire y no emite sustancias nocivas. Estos purificadores de aire pueden reducir sustancialmente los niveles de partículas dentro de su casa, en algunos casos en más del 90%. Puede ver cuales productos comprar en este \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/air-cleaners-ozone-products/california-certified-air-cleaning-devices\">enlace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si usted no tiene aire acondicionado, considere comprar ventiladores que usen baterías y reduzca las actividades que aumenten la contaminación del aire dentro de su casa, como prender velas, aspirar o usar estufas de gas. T\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976551/how-to-get-or-make-a-free-low-cost-air-purifier-for-your-home\">ambién en este enlace le decimos cómo fabricar su propio purificador de aire de bajo costo\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo se publicó originalmente el 24 de agosto de 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por la periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a> y actualizado por la periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/soytapatia\">María Peña\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834305/masks-for-smoke-and-covid-19-what-kind-is-best\">Read in English\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los californianos se han habituado a las máscaras en los últimos años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primero descubrimos el \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706160/how-particulate-respirator-masks-work\">valor de las mascarillas N95 y N100 para protegernos del humo de los incendios forestales\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés). Y durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las mascarillas de todos los tipos pasaron a formar parte de nuestro vestuario diario.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A medida que \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11987343/covid-bay-area-wastewater-variant-symptoms-isolation-guidance\">los niveles de COVID-19 aumentan de nuevo en las corrientes de agua residuales del Área de la Bahía a principios del verano de 2024\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés), muchas personas están optando por volver a usar las mascarillas en espacios cerrados concurridos como los supermercados o el transporte público BART en hora pico. Pero a medida que los incendios forestales siguen amenazando California, ¿con qué debería cubrirse la boca y nariz si el humo de los incendios forestales y COVID-19 vuelven a coincidir?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En breve, la respuesta es: Esas mascarillas de N95 o KN95 que puede que aún tenga en casa son la mejor opción para protegerse tanto contra el COVID-19 como contra el humo de los incendios forestales. Siga leyendo para conocer lo que necesita acerca de las mascarillas para protegerse en 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Con cientos de incendios forestales en diferentes partes de California, y grandes incendios afectando la calidad del aire cerca de casi cada condado del Área de la Bahía, los residentes se preguntan como sobrellevar múltiples crisis. Los incendios, el humo y la pandemia de covid-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En “los tiempos de antes”, antes de la pandemia, los residentes de áreas con humo tenían que evitar salir de sus hogares y se surtirían de cubrebocas N95 o N100, para protegerse de las pequeñas partículas en el aire que existen cuando hay incendios y que pueden tener efectos negativos en la salud.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Uso de mascarillas de tipo N95 para COVID-19 y el humo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>“La mejor mascarilla para protegerse contra el humo de los incendios forestales es una de tipo N95. También es la mejor mascarilla para protegerse del coronavirus», afirmó el Dr. John Balmes, neumólogo y profesor de medicina de la Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de California en San Francisco (o UCSF, por sus siglas en ingés).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades (o CDC, por sus siglas en inglés) afirman que las mascarillas de respiración bien ajustadas y aprobadas por el Instituto Nacional de Salud y Seguridad en el Trabajo (o NIOSH, por sus siglas en inglés), \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/publicppe/community-ppe.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprevent-getting-sick%2Ftypes-of-masks.html#anchor_5146932324\">como las de tipo N95, ofrecen el “mejor” nivel de protección frente a los peligros del aire, incluidas las gotitas que propagan el COVID-19\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés). (\u003ca href=\"https://blogs.cdc.gov/niosh-science-blog/2023/06/29/wildfire-smoke/\">Tenga en cuenta que, por lo general, los CDC utilizan oficialmente la palabra “respirador” para referirse a este tipo de protectores de rostro\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés) que son muy eficaces contra las partículas, y “mascarillas” para referirse a los tipos de protectores de rostro que son menos eficaces, como las mascarillas de tela y las mascarillas quirúrgicas, le daremos más información sobre ellas más adelante).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El “95” de N95 también indica que estas mascarillas “alcanzan una eficacia de filtración mínima del 95%” frente a partículas peligrosas, según los CDC. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11706160/how-particulate-respirator-masks-work\">Lea más sobre cómo funcionan las mascarillas N95 y por qué son tan eficaces\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12004846\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12004846\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/WILDFIRE-SMOKE-IN-THE-AIR.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/WILDFIRE-SMOKE-IN-THE-AIR.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/WILDFIRE-SMOKE-IN-THE-AIR-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Humo de incendio forestal en el aire cerca de Pleasant Valley Road en Vacaville, condado de Solano, el 20 de agosto de 2020. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Una advertencia: algunos funcionarios de salud pública afirman que las mascarillas de tipo N95 no son para cualquier persona, debido a la posibilidad de que el usuario se equivoque en el ajuste y de que provoquen el tipo de incomodidad que hace que algunas personas sean menos propensas a llevarlas de manera constante,\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veronica Vien, funcionaria de información pública del Departamento de Salud Pública de San Francisco, afirma que las mascarillas como las de tipo N95 pueden resultar incómodas de llevar durante largos periodos de tiempo y deben “proporcionar un sello hermético alrededor de la boca y la nariz del usuario” para funcionar de forma eficaz. “Si una mascarilla N95 le hace sentir mejor, póngasela. Si se siente aún peor, no lo lleve”, afirma Vien.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balmes, de la UCSF, también señaló que algunos tipos de mascarillas KN95, similares a las mascarillas N95, pero fabricadas en China, también son buenas. Los CDC denominan a este tipo de mascarillas “respirador facial filtrante internacional”, porque \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/publicppe/community-ppe.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fcoronavirus%2F2019-ncov%2Fprevent-getting-sick%2Ftypes-of-masks.html#anchor_5146932324\">se someten a pruebas según normas internacionales y no según las normas del NIOSH\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés), lo que significa que “pueden no tener los rigurosos requerimientos de garantía de calidad que satisfacen aquellas [mascarillas] que están aprobadas por el NIOSH.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿Y las mascarillas tipo N95 con válvulas de exhalación?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Este tipo de mascarillas funcionan bien contra el humo de los incendios forestales, pero son menos eficaces para detener la propagación de enfermedades como el virus del COVID-19, incluso con cinta aislante sobre la válvula. Por lo tanto, si tiene COVID-19, estará exhalando partículas infecciosas hacia los demás a través de esas válvulas como no lo permiten los N95 sin válvulas. Esto se debe a que, si bien estas válvulas impiden que las partículas lleguen a la boca, pueden permitirle respirar el aire que sale de la mascarilla sin filtrarlo.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Uso de una mascarilla quirúrgica contra el COVID-19 y el humo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Las mascarillas quirúrgicas «protegen de alguna manera contra el humo de los incendios forestales porque están estandarizadas», afirma Balmes. Balmes calcula que las mascarillas quirúrgicas pueden reducir la exposición al humo de los incendios en aproximadamente un 20%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En cuanto a COVID-19, los CDC afirman que las “mascarillas quirúrgicas desechables bien ajustadas” son sólo la segunda mejor mascarilla para protegerse del virus, junto con las de tipo KN95, por detrás de las mascarillas N95.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Uso de una mascarilla de tela para COVID-19 y el humo\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>El uso de mascarillas de tela fue una de las principales medidas adoptadas para limitar la propagación del virus en los primeros días de la pandemia. Pero a estas alturas, los CDC han advertido de que, aunque este tipo de mascarillas “pueden bloquear las gotitas”, no protegen de las partículas pequeñas, por lo que no son una buena opción para protegerse contra el COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Además, las mascarillas de tela no filtran el humo de los incendios forestales. Como señalan los CDC, ni las mascarillas de tela ni las mascarillas quirúrgicas “tienen el tipo de material filtrante que eliminará las partículas de humo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>¿La mejor manera de protegerse del humo de los incendios forestales?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Aunque las mascarillas son una buena opción, las autoridades sanitarias afirman que \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926793/protecting-your-health-from-toxic-wildfire-smoke\">la forma más eficaz de protegerse del humo de los incendios forestales es quedarse en casa lo más posible\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abajo encontrará un mapa interactivo de la calidad del aire realizado por la compañía privada PurpleAir. Para más información de la calidad del aire visite \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1968622/mapa-reporte-actual-de-la-calidad-del-aire-en-el-area-de-la-bahia\">este enlace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.purpleair.com/map?#9.33/37.7482/-122.4927\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estos consejos parecen no ser de tanta ayuda debido a la ola de calor y a las evacuaciones pendientes, pero los funcionarios de la Oficina de Servicios de Emergencia del estado continuan recomendando que las personas se mantengan en sus casa con las puertas y ventanas cerradas y con el aire acondicionado prendido, si es posible.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>El 17 de junio de 2024, el Distrito de Aire puso en marcha un sistema de notificación de incidentes relacionados con la calidad del aire. \u003ca href=\"https://www.baaqmd.gov/es-mx/contact-us/sign-up-for-information/air-quality-incident-notifications\">Ahora puede registrarse para recibir notificaciones sobre incidentes que afecten a la calidad del aire de cualquiera de los nueve condados del Área de la Bahía\u003c/a>. Podrá recibir notificaciones por correo electrónico, mensaje de texto o ambos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El \u003cem>California Air Resources Board \u003c/em> (o CARB, por sus siglas en inglés) también recomienda limpiadores de aire mecánicos con un filtro de eficiencia alta para particulas (HEPA) la cual recolecta partículas pequeñas del aire y no emite sustancias nocivas. Estos purificadores de aire pueden reducir sustancialmente los niveles de partículas dentro de su casa, en algunos casos en más del 90%. Puede ver cuales productos comprar en este \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/air-cleaners-ozone-products/california-certified-air-cleaning-devices\">enlace\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si usted no tiene aire acondicionado, considere comprar ventiladores que usen baterías y reduzca las actividades que aumenten la contaminación del aire dentro de su casa, como prender velas, aspirar o usar estufas de gas. T\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1976551/how-to-get-or-make-a-free-low-cost-air-purifier-for-your-home\">ambién en este enlace le decimos cómo fabricar su propio purificador de aire de bajo costo\u003c/a> (enlace sólo en inglés).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo se publicó originalmente el 24 de agosto de 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este artículo fue traducido por la periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a> y actualizado por la periodista, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/soytapatia\">María Peña\u003c/a> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Hundreds Battle Sonoma County Fire as Evacuation Orders Remain in Place",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 7:05 a.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters worked overnight with bulldozers and hand tools, constructing control lines around a fire in Sonoma County near the southeast end of Lake Sonoma. Three helicopters flew overhead, supporting that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze — named the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2024/6/16/point-fire\">Point Fire\u003c/a> — touched off early Sunday afternoon and spread rapidly, driven by strong gusts of wind and burning through grass and dry brush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11990653\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11990653\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People watch as the Point Fire burns over a vineyard in Healdsburg on June 16, 2024. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fire has since spread to at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2024/6/16/point-fire\">1,100 acres\u003c/a> and is 20% contained as of around 6:00 a.m. Monday. Firefighters worked through the night trying to keep the fire from burning homes and other buildings near Bradford Mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/sonomasherif\"> Sonoma County Sheriff’s Office\u003c/a> ordered people to \u003ca href=\"https://nixle.us/FNZN7\">evacuate the area of Fall Creek Road to Stewarts Point Skaggs Spring Road to West Dry Creek Road.\u003c/a> Nearby areas are currently under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">evacuation warnings.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11990655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11990655\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters battle the Point Fire burning along West Dry Creek Road in Healdsburg on June 16, 2024. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said Monday morning that around 400 firefighters were assigned to the fire. Smoke from the fire spread over Sonoma, Napa and Marin counties on Sunday, triggering a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sparetheair.org/\">Spare the Air warning\u003c/a> from the air district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SpareTheAir/status/1802525435307470960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service has also issued a Red Flag Warning for parts of the North Bay starting Monday at 11 a.m. and extending to 8 p.m. The warning is for high-elevation portions of Sonoma and Napa counties — as well as farther north and east — where wind gusts are forecasted to reach 30 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NWSBayArea/status/1802426617781965053\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The weather service issues Red Flag Warnings when hot temperatures and fast winds combine to create conditions that can easily and rapidly spread fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Brian Krans, Kevin Stark, Ki Sung and Attila Pelit contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Point Fire in Sonoma County has spread to at least 1,100 acres on Monday morning as some mandatory evacuation orders and a Red Flag Warning are in place for the North Bay.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 7:05 a.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighters worked overnight with bulldozers and hand tools, constructing control lines around a fire in Sonoma County near the southeast end of Lake Sonoma. Three helicopters flew overhead, supporting that effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The blaze — named the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2024/6/16/point-fire\">Point Fire\u003c/a> — touched off early Sunday afternoon and spread rapidly, driven by strong gusts of wind and burning through grass and dry brush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11990653\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11990653\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169208466590-KQED-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People watch as the Point Fire burns over a vineyard in Healdsburg on June 16, 2024. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The fire has since spread to at least \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2024/6/16/point-fire\">1,100 acres\u003c/a> and is 20% contained as of around 6:00 a.m. Monday. Firefighters worked through the night trying to keep the fire from burning homes and other buildings near Bradford Mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://x.com/sonomasherif\"> Sonoma County Sheriff’s Office\u003c/a> ordered people to \u003ca href=\"https://nixle.us/FNZN7\">evacuate the area of Fall Creek Road to Stewarts Point Skaggs Spring Road to West Dry Creek Road.\u003c/a> Nearby areas are currently under \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834901/fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan\">evacuation warnings.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11990655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11990655\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1331\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/06/AP24169211622898-KQED-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Firefighters battle the Point Fire burning along West Dry Creek Road in Healdsburg on June 16, 2024. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire said Monday morning that around 400 firefighters were assigned to the fire. Smoke from the fire spread over Sonoma, Napa and Marin counties on Sunday, triggering a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sparetheair.org/\">Spare the Air warning\u003c/a> from the air district.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service has also issued a Red Flag Warning for parts of the North Bay starting Monday at 11 a.m. and extending to 8 p.m. The warning is for high-elevation portions of Sonoma and Napa counties — as well as farther north and east — where wind gusts are forecasted to reach 30 miles per hour.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The weather service issues Red Flag Warnings when hot temperatures and fast winds combine to create conditions that can easily and rapidly spread fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Brian Krans, Kevin Stark, Ki Sung and Attila Pelit contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "fire-evacuation-what-actually-happens-and-how-can-you-plan",
"title": "Fire Evacuation: What Actually Happens? And How Can You Plan?",
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"headTitle": "Fire Evacuation: What Actually Happens? And How Can You Plan? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11884668/que-ocurre-realmente-en-una-evacuacion-de-incendios-y-como-se-puede-preparar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to evacuate your home due to threat of wildfire is a scary prospect — especially if you’ve never had to do it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking for fire information in your county?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#2\">\u003cstrong>County emergency alerts and evacuation updates\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Fires can move erratically, says Cal Fire spokesperson Heather Williams, and they can move into communities that would never have suspected themselves to be under threat of wildfires or evacuation. That’s why it’s important to know about the best procedures for safely leaving your home, and to be prepared ahead of time for the worst — even if the possibility seems unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know our audiences have questions about how evacuation works, from when you should leave to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">what you should bring\u003c/a>. Here are the answers to some common questions about evacuations in a wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#2\">How will I know if I have to evacuate? \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#3\">What do I bring with me?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#5\">What should I wear?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#6\">Where do I go once I’ve evacuated?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#9\">What if this all happens at night?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#10\">What if I or someone in my family has a medical or mobility issue?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#12\">What if I don’t have a car?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"1\">\u003c/a>What’s the difference between an evacuation warning and an evacuation order?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>An evacuation warning comes before an evacuation order, and is a warning that you might need to evacuate soon. The evacuation order is mandatory, i.e., “go time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your home is under an evacuation warning, that’s the time to make sure you and your family know your emergency plan, and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">prepare your emergency bag.\u003c/a> If you or anyone in your family has medical or mobility issues, consider evacuating when you get the warning, and not waiting until a possible evacuation order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evacuation warnings should always be taken seriously, says Heather Williams of Cal Fire — because a mandatory evacuation order could follow “at any minute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A warning doesn’t mean you have to stick around and wait for the order,” said Cal Fire Chief Thom Porter. “You can go during a warning. You can go if you’re sucking smoke and you have respiratory or other underlying issues, and you’re in the smoke for days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allow for firefighters to do what they need to do without having to rescue you,” stressed Porter. “We need people to leave and we need people to leave early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"2\">\u003c/a>How will I know? Will there be sirens?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire says that a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7q0hGr7iEU\">“hi-lo” siren\u003c/a> will be used to alert residents if it is time to leave, in the event of an evacuation order. If the area is remote, fire engines may also be sent to alert residents physically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do \u003cem>not\u003c/em> wait for someone to come to your door and order you to leave. The information on whether or not you have to evacuate your home will come from your county, and it’s really important to proactively stay up to date on the latest alerts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the wider Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alameda County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda County evacuation updates at \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/\">Cal Fire’s incident site\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acgov.org/emergencysite/\">Alameda County emergency website \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sign up for \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/alameda/\">Alameda County Nixle alerts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Amador County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIREAEU\">Cal Fire Amador/El Dorado unit on X\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/AmadorSheriff/\">Amador County sheriff’s Facebook page\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smart911.com/smart911/ref/login.action?pa=amadorgov\">Amador County emergency alerts \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smart911.com/smart911/ref/login.action?pa=amadorgov\">Sign up for Amador County emergency alerts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Contra Costa County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cwsalerts.com/\">Contra Costa Community Warning System\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sign up for \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/contra-costa/\">Contra Costa County Nixle alerts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Dorado County evacuation information \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIREAEU\">Cal Fire Amador/El Dorado unit on X\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://perimetermap.com/El-Dorado-CA\">El Dorado County evacuations map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/eldoradosheriff\">El Dorado sheriff’s X feed\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/eldoradosheriff\">El Dorado sheriff’s Facebook page\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/el-dorado/\">Sign up for El Dorado County Nixle alerts.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ready.edso.org/\">Sign up for El Dorado County emergency alerts \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Napa County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://protect.genasys.com/search?z=12&latlon=38.413251313925315%2C-122.29707229785225\">Napa County evacuation map \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CountyofNapa\">Napa County X feed\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For the most up-to-date information, Napa County officials recommend residents reach out to the Cal Fire public information line at (707) 967-4207.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/napa/\">Sign up for Napa County Nixle alerts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Joaquin County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://app.perimeterplatform.com/\">San Joaquin County evacuation map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://sjready.org/\">SJReady (San Joaquin County of Emergency Services)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://member.everbridge.net/397890065268824/login\">SJReady Alerts\u003c/a> for emergency events and public safety notices\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Santa Clara County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/scc/Documents/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santa Clara County website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The hotline for Santa Clara residents under evacuation orders is (408) 808-7778.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/santa-clara/\">Sign up for Santa Clara County Nixle alerts.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solano County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SolanoSheriff?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">Solano County sheriff’s X feed\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For Solano County evacuation questions, call (707) 784-1634 or (707) 784-1635.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sonoma County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://socoemergency.org/emergency/\">Sonoma County emergency information\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://socoemergency.org/get-ready/evacuation-map/\">Sonoma County evacuation map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/sonoma/\">Sign up for Sonoma County Nixle alerts.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Heather Williams of Cal Fire also recommends signing up for the state’s emergency alert system at \u003ca href=\"http://calalerts.org/\">calalerts.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"3\">\u003c/a>What do I bring with me if I’m evacuated?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11833686,news_11834103\" label=\"Emergency Bag Checklist\" hero=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/Hennessey-fire-1020x609.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having a “go bag” all ready to evacuate — and keeping it somewhere you can access it instantly — is incredibly important right now. Read our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">checklist of items to have in your emergency bag\u003c/a> (or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834103/que-debo-traer-en-mi-mochila-de-emergencia-para-los-incendios-durante-covid-19\">leer en español\u003c/a>). Don’t wait until you’re under an evacuation warning or order to make this kit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID safety measure you may also consider adding to your emergency bag:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Face masks or coverings (at least two per person)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sanitation supplies such as hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol, soap and disinfectant wipes\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Remember: You may have to walk to safety, so pack your emergency supplies in something that’s durable and easy to carry, such as a backpack or duffle bag. For heavier items, such as food and water, using a tub or chest on wheels may make it easier to transport — but make sure it’s still light enough to lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"4\">\u003c/a>How should I prepare to get moving?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Make sure your family’s plan takes into account the best route(s) for leaving your location. If one route were blocked, would you still be able to evacuate to safety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re anticipating evacuation, Cal Fire recommends that you:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Put your emergency bag and supplies in your car, if you have one.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Once your vehicle is loaded, back it into the driveway with all doors and windows closed but carry your car keys \u003cem>with\u003c/em> you.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Patrol your property and keep an eye on the fire situation online. Don’t wait for a mandatory evacuation order if you feel you’re in danger.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If it’s safe to do so, check on your neighbors and ensure they are planning to evacuate, too.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make sure your pets are nearby and ready to leave.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If you have more time to prepare your home for evacuation, Cal Fire has \u003ca href=\"#14\">more advice on how to give your property the best chance of surviving a wildfire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of being trapped in an evacuation emergency, you should call 911 and turn on lights to help rescuers find you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing you shouldn’t do when evacuating? Don’t leave the water on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have a home with hoses or sprinklers outside, you might be tempted to leave them running in the hopes that doing so may provide additional protection. But don’t do it. Leaving your water on decreases the volume of water flow available to firefighters — and that could actually keep them from saving your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Caldor Fire in September 2021, Tahoe fire officials \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIREAEU/status/1433129219861594113/photo/1\">implored residents not to leave water running when they evacuate\u003c/a>, saying water providers noticed significant drawdowns in capacity in areas that should have been completely evacuated of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only is [leaving the water on] not helpful in protecting homes from wildfire, but it can be detrimental for firefighters who rely on a water supply with adequate water flow to fight fire in extremely dangerous conditions,” said a press release from the Tahoe Fire and Fuels Team. “This misuse of water can leave water supplies dangerously low when firefighters need fast access to water from fire hydrants to protect homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"5\">\u003c/a>What should I wear to evacuate?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When the Bay Area experiences high temperatures, \u003ca href=\"https://www.readyforwildfire.org/prepare-for-wildfire/go-evacuation-guide/\">Cal Fire’s evacuation guide\u003c/a> recommends that you cover up to protect against heat and flying embers, and says 100% cotton is preferable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guide advises you to wear long pants, a long sleeve shirt, heavy shoes/boots, a cap, a dry bandana for a face cover and goggles or glasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"6\">\u003c/a>Where do I go once I’ve evacuated?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When you’re making an evacuation plan, first check to see whether you can stay in a hotel or with friends and family, which may be the safest options during the pandemic. \u003ca href=\"#7\">Here’s how to find an evacuation center\u003c/a> if you can’t make other arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stay with friends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have relatives or friends outside the evacuation area whom you think might have space to accommodate you, ask them ahead of time so they’re prepared for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic Cal Fire’s evacuation guide has advised that you ask anyone you’re contemplating staying with if they have symptoms of COVID-19 or have people in their home at higher risk for serious illness. If the answer to one or both of those questions is “yes,” you may consider making other arrangements for your health and theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stay in a hotel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check with hotels, motels or campgrounds outside your area to see whether they can accept you. Your county might also have a plan to free up available rooms. For example, in August 2020 Santa Cruz County officials\u003ca href=\"https://www.ksbw.com/article/santa-cruz-oes-asks-tourists-and-visitors-to-leave-town-immediately/33658712\"> requested that all visitors and tourists depart\u003c/a> to leave space for evacuees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"7\">\u003c/a>How do I find an evacuation center?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If staying with a friend or in a hotel isn’t an option, you can go to an evacuation center. It’s wise to research which center you’d be going to \u003cem>ahead\u003c/em> of time — because you don’t want to be researching your destination as you scramble to evacuate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Details of nearby evacuation centers will be provided by your county, \u003ca href=\"#2\">so find your nearest evacuation center\u003c/a>. Keep in mind that your evacuation center may be different from those in previous years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Red Cross also provides evacuation shelters across California. Check to see whether there’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/disaster-relief-and-recovery-services/find-an-open-shelter.html\">Red Cross evacuation shelter near you\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11835192\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11835192 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Man with blue bandana over lower half of face rests on cot in hangar-like building\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luke Piland, from Boulder Creek, takes a break from volunteering to set up cots at the Santa Cruz County Fairgrounds evacuation center on Aug. 20, 2020. He and his father left their home in Boulder Creek due to the CZU Lightning Complex fires. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"9\">\u003c/a>What if this all happens at night?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the event of an evacuation order, a “hi-lo” siren that should be loud enough to wake you will be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned your home is under threat, make sure you update yourself on the situation before going to bed. If you have alerts set up on your phone, take your phone off any nighttime mode settings and make sure your alert notification sounds have the volume turned all the way up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possibility of evacuation in the middle of the night is also why it’s important to have your plans made and your emergency bag ready ahead of time — and to keep your supplies somewhere that you can grab them quickly and easily, even if you’ve just woken up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"10\">\u003c/a>What if I or someone in my family has a medical or mobility issue?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ensure that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">your emergency bag\u003c/a> has any medicines, supplies or home-use medical devices you and your family might need — with a medications list that includes prescriptions and other important medical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned about medical supplies and facilities at an evacuation center, Heather Williams of Cal Fire recommends contacting your county and/or the Red Cross ahead of time, to find out about their plan for accommodating medical needs in evacuation centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11835193\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11835193 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Man sits on a cot petting a dog, beside a standing woman with purple hair and a red tent on a grassy field\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill and Sharon Fisk with their dog at a campsite on Thursday, Aug. 20, 2020, at the Santa Cruz Country Fairgrounds evacuation center. They evacuated from Ben Lomond, in the Santa Cruz mountains, due to the CZU Lightning Complex fires. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"11\">\u003c/a>What about my pets?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you have pets, consider their needs in your emergency bag preparations. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">Read our checklist for pets\u003c/a>, which includes enough food and water to last your pet two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make sure your pets have collars with identification and rabies and license tags. Check to make sure your contact information is up to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information on transporting pets, larger animals and livestock, \u003ca href=\"https://www.readyforwildfire.org/prepare-for-wildfire/go-evacuation-guide/animal-evacuation/\">check Cal Fire’s guide to animal evacuation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"12\">\u003c/a>What if I don’t have a car?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s important that your emergency bag is light enough to transport without a car, and be carried (or pulled, in a tub or a chest on wheels) easily. Even if you have a vehicle, you might find yourself in an evacuation situation that demands you leave it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"wildfires\" label=\"Latest news\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re worried about how you’ll leave your home area without a car, Cal Fire’s Heather Williams recommends that you work with your neighbors — or nearby friends and family, if you have them — to coordinate. If you’re relying on someone else’s car to evacuate, she recommends you leave your home “sooner rather than later” because your ride might not be able to physically get to you if you leave it too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"13\">\u003c/a>What if I or a family member doesn’t have a smartphone?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Counties increasingly rely on the WEA system — wireless emergency alerts — that by and large are delivered to cellphones through the IPAWS system, the federal integrated public alert and warning system. Those alerts also go to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather radios, which operate on emergency cranks or battery power. NOAA weather radios broadcast official warnings, watches, forecasts and other hazard information consistently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/register/\">sign up to get Nixle alerts\u003c/a>, which can come via texts, voice messages and emails. If you have a friend, family member or neighbor who \u003cem>does\u003c/em> have a smartphone, set up a system so they can send you important information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"14\">\u003c/a>What should I do for my house before I leave?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you’re anticipating an evacuation and have time to prepare your house, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/prepare\">Cal Fire has a guide to giving your home the best chance of surviving a wildfire\u003c/a>. Their checklist includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Shut off gas at the meter; turn off pilot lights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Shut off the air conditioning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Shut all windows and doors, leaving them \u003cem>unlocked.\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Remove flammable window shades, curtains and close metal shutters, and remove lightweight curtains.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Move flammable furniture to the center of the room, away from windows and doors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Leave your lights on so firefighters can see your house under smoky conditions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">more information about keeping your home prepared for wildfires all year round\u003c/a> — including how to create defensible space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[hearken id=\"6208\" src=\"https://modules.wearehearken.com/kqed/embed/6208.js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story originally published on Aug. 25, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11884668/que-ocurre-realmente-en-una-evacuacion-de-incendios-y-como-se-puede-preparar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to evacuate your home due to threat of wildfire is a scary prospect — especially if you’ve never had to do it before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Looking for fire information in your county?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"#2\">\u003cstrong>County emergency alerts and evacuation updates\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Fires can move erratically, says Cal Fire spokesperson Heather Williams, and they can move into communities that would never have suspected themselves to be under threat of wildfires or evacuation. That’s why it’s important to know about the best procedures for safely leaving your home, and to be prepared ahead of time for the worst — even if the possibility seems unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know our audiences have questions about how evacuation works, from when you should leave to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">what you should bring\u003c/a>. Here are the answers to some common questions about evacuations in a wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skip to:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#2\">How will I know if I have to evacuate? \u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#3\">What do I bring with me?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#5\">What should I wear?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#6\">Where do I go once I’ve evacuated?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#9\">What if this all happens at night?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#10\">What if I or someone in my family has a medical or mobility issue?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"#12\">What if I don’t have a car?\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"1\">\u003c/a>What’s the difference between an evacuation warning and an evacuation order?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>An evacuation warning comes before an evacuation order, and is a warning that you might need to evacuate soon. The evacuation order is mandatory, i.e., “go time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your home is under an evacuation warning, that’s the time to make sure you and your family know your emergency plan, and to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">prepare your emergency bag.\u003c/a> If you or anyone in your family has medical or mobility issues, consider evacuating when you get the warning, and not waiting until a possible evacuation order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evacuation warnings should always be taken seriously, says Heather Williams of Cal Fire — because a mandatory evacuation order could follow “at any minute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A warning doesn’t mean you have to stick around and wait for the order,” said Cal Fire Chief Thom Porter. “You can go during a warning. You can go if you’re sucking smoke and you have respiratory or other underlying issues, and you’re in the smoke for days.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Allow for firefighters to do what they need to do without having to rescue you,” stressed Porter. “We need people to leave and we need people to leave early.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"2\">\u003c/a>How will I know? Will there be sirens?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Cal Fire says that a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G7q0hGr7iEU\">“hi-lo” siren\u003c/a> will be used to alert residents if it is time to leave, in the event of an evacuation order. If the area is remote, fire engines may also be sent to alert residents physically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Do \u003cem>not\u003c/em> wait for someone to come to your door and order you to leave. The information on whether or not you have to evacuate your home will come from your county, and it’s really important to proactively stay up to date on the latest alerts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the wider Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Alameda County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Alameda County evacuation updates at \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/\">Cal Fire’s incident site\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.acgov.org/emergencysite/\">Alameda County emergency website \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sign up for \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/alameda/\">Alameda County Nixle alerts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Amador County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIREAEU\">Cal Fire Amador/El Dorado unit on X\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/AmadorSheriff/\">Amador County sheriff’s Facebook page\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smart911.com/smart911/ref/login.action?pa=amadorgov\">Amador County emergency alerts \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.smart911.com/smart911/ref/login.action?pa=amadorgov\">Sign up for Amador County emergency alerts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Contra Costa County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cwsalerts.com/\">Contra Costa Community Warning System\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sign up for \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/contra-costa/\">Contra Costa County Nixle alerts\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>El Dorado County evacuation information \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIREAEU\">Cal Fire Amador/El Dorado unit on X\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://perimetermap.com/El-Dorado-CA\">El Dorado County evacuations map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/eldoradosheriff\">El Dorado sheriff’s X feed\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/eldoradosheriff\">El Dorado sheriff’s Facebook page\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/el-dorado/\">Sign up for El Dorado County Nixle alerts.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://ready.edso.org/\">Sign up for El Dorado County emergency alerts \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Napa County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://protect.genasys.com/search?z=12&latlon=38.413251313925315%2C-122.29707229785225\">Napa County evacuation map \u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CountyofNapa\">Napa County X feed\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For the most up-to-date information, Napa County officials recommend residents reach out to the Cal Fire public information line at (707) 967-4207.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/napa/\">Sign up for Napa County Nixle alerts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>San Joaquin County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://app.perimeterplatform.com/\">San Joaquin County evacuation map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://sjready.org/\">SJReady (San Joaquin County of Emergency Services)\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://member.everbridge.net/397890065268824/login\">SJReady Alerts\u003c/a> for emergency events and public safety notices\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Santa Clara County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/scc/Documents/home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Santa Clara County website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The hotline for Santa Clara residents under evacuation orders is (408) 808-7778.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/santa-clara/\">Sign up for Santa Clara County Nixle alerts.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Solano County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SolanoSheriff?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor\">Solano County sheriff’s X feed\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>For Solano County evacuation questions, call (707) 784-1634 or (707) 784-1635.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sonoma County evacuation information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://socoemergency.org/emergency/\">Sonoma County emergency information\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://socoemergency.org/get-ready/evacuation-map/\">Sonoma County evacuation map\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/county/ca/sonoma/\">Sign up for Sonoma County Nixle alerts.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Heather Williams of Cal Fire also recommends signing up for the state’s emergency alert system at \u003ca href=\"http://calalerts.org/\">calalerts.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"3\">\u003c/a>What do I bring with me if I’m evacuated?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having a “go bag” all ready to evacuate — and keeping it somewhere you can access it instantly — is incredibly important right now. Read our \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">checklist of items to have in your emergency bag\u003c/a> (or \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11834103/que-debo-traer-en-mi-mochila-de-emergencia-para-los-incendios-durante-covid-19\">leer en español\u003c/a>). Don’t wait until you’re under an evacuation warning or order to make this kit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COVID safety measure you may also consider adding to your emergency bag:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Face masks or coverings (at least two per person)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Sanitation supplies such as hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol, soap and disinfectant wipes\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Remember: You may have to walk to safety, so pack your emergency supplies in something that’s durable and easy to carry, such as a backpack or duffle bag. For heavier items, such as food and water, using a tub or chest on wheels may make it easier to transport — but make sure it’s still light enough to lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"4\">\u003c/a>How should I prepare to get moving?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Make sure your family’s plan takes into account the best route(s) for leaving your location. If one route were blocked, would you still be able to evacuate to safety?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re anticipating evacuation, Cal Fire recommends that you:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Put your emergency bag and supplies in your car, if you have one.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Once your vehicle is loaded, back it into the driveway with all doors and windows closed but carry your car keys \u003cem>with\u003c/em> you.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Patrol your property and keep an eye on the fire situation online. Don’t wait for a mandatory evacuation order if you feel you’re in danger.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If it’s safe to do so, check on your neighbors and ensure they are planning to evacuate, too.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Make sure your pets are nearby and ready to leave.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>If you have more time to prepare your home for evacuation, Cal Fire has \u003ca href=\"#14\">more advice on how to give your property the best chance of surviving a wildfire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of being trapped in an evacuation emergency, you should call 911 and turn on lights to help rescuers find you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing you shouldn’t do when evacuating? Don’t leave the water on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have a home with hoses or sprinklers outside, you might be tempted to leave them running in the hopes that doing so may provide additional protection. But don’t do it. Leaving your water on decreases the volume of water flow available to firefighters — and that could actually keep them from saving your home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the Caldor Fire in September 2021, Tahoe fire officials \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/CALFIREAEU/status/1433129219861594113/photo/1\">implored residents not to leave water running when they evacuate\u003c/a>, saying water providers noticed significant drawdowns in capacity in areas that should have been completely evacuated of residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only is [leaving the water on] not helpful in protecting homes from wildfire, but it can be detrimental for firefighters who rely on a water supply with adequate water flow to fight fire in extremely dangerous conditions,” said a press release from the Tahoe Fire and Fuels Team. “This misuse of water can leave water supplies dangerously low when firefighters need fast access to water from fire hydrants to protect homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"5\">\u003c/a>What should I wear to evacuate?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When the Bay Area experiences high temperatures, \u003ca href=\"https://www.readyforwildfire.org/prepare-for-wildfire/go-evacuation-guide/\">Cal Fire’s evacuation guide\u003c/a> recommends that you cover up to protect against heat and flying embers, and says 100% cotton is preferable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guide advises you to wear long pants, a long sleeve shirt, heavy shoes/boots, a cap, a dry bandana for a face cover and goggles or glasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"6\">\u003c/a>Where do I go once I’ve evacuated?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When you’re making an evacuation plan, first check to see whether you can stay in a hotel or with friends and family, which may be the safest options during the pandemic. \u003ca href=\"#7\">Here’s how to find an evacuation center\u003c/a> if you can’t make other arrangements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stay with friends\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you have relatives or friends outside the evacuation area whom you think might have space to accommodate you, ask them ahead of time so they’re prepared for you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic Cal Fire’s evacuation guide has advised that you ask anyone you’re contemplating staying with if they have symptoms of COVID-19 or have people in their home at higher risk for serious illness. If the answer to one or both of those questions is “yes,” you may consider making other arrangements for your health and theirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Stay in a hotel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Check with hotels, motels or campgrounds outside your area to see whether they can accept you. Your county might also have a plan to free up available rooms. For example, in August 2020 Santa Cruz County officials\u003ca href=\"https://www.ksbw.com/article/santa-cruz-oes-asks-tourists-and-visitors-to-leave-town-immediately/33658712\"> requested that all visitors and tourists depart\u003c/a> to leave space for evacuees.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"7\">\u003c/a>How do I find an evacuation center?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If staying with a friend or in a hotel isn’t an option, you can go to an evacuation center. It’s wise to research which center you’d be going to \u003cem>ahead\u003c/em> of time — because you don’t want to be researching your destination as you scramble to evacuate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Details of nearby evacuation centers will be provided by your county, \u003ca href=\"#2\">so find your nearest evacuation center\u003c/a>. Keep in mind that your evacuation center may be different from those in previous years due to the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Red Cross also provides evacuation shelters across California. Check to see whether there’s a \u003ca href=\"https://www.redcross.org/get-help/disaster-relief-and-recovery-services/find-an-open-shelter.html\">Red Cross evacuation shelter near you\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11835192\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11835192 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Man with blue bandana over lower half of face rests on cot in hangar-like building\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44555_037_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luke Piland, from Boulder Creek, takes a break from volunteering to set up cots at the Santa Cruz County Fairgrounds evacuation center on Aug. 20, 2020. He and his father left their home in Boulder Creek due to the CZU Lightning Complex fires. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"9\">\u003c/a>What if this all happens at night?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the event of an evacuation order, a “hi-lo” siren that should be loud enough to wake you will be used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned your home is under threat, make sure you update yourself on the situation before going to bed. If you have alerts set up on your phone, take your phone off any nighttime mode settings and make sure your alert notification sounds have the volume turned all the way up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possibility of evacuation in the middle of the night is also why it’s important to have your plans made and your emergency bag ready ahead of time — and to keep your supplies somewhere that you can grab them quickly and easily, even if you’ve just woken up.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"10\">\u003c/a>What if I or someone in my family has a medical or mobility issue?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ensure that \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">your emergency bag\u003c/a> has any medicines, supplies or home-use medical devices you and your family might need — with a medications list that includes prescriptions and other important medical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re concerned about medical supplies and facilities at an evacuation center, Heather Williams of Cal Fire recommends contacting your county and/or the Red Cross ahead of time, to find out about their plan for accommodating medical needs in evacuation centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11835193\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11835193 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Man sits on a cot petting a dog, beside a standing woman with purple hair and a red tent on a grassy field\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/08/RS44549_031_KQED_SantaCruzCo_CZULightningComplex_08202020-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill and Sharon Fisk with their dog at a campsite on Thursday, Aug. 20, 2020, at the Santa Cruz Country Fairgrounds evacuation center. They evacuated from Ben Lomond, in the Santa Cruz mountains, due to the CZU Lightning Complex fires. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"11\">\u003c/a>What about my pets?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you have pets, consider their needs in your emergency bag preparations. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11833686/what-to-pack-in-your-emergency-bag-with-covid-19-in-mind\">Read our checklist for pets\u003c/a>, which includes enough food and water to last your pet two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Make sure your pets have collars with identification and rabies and license tags. Check to make sure your contact information is up to date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more information on transporting pets, larger animals and livestock, \u003ca href=\"https://www.readyforwildfire.org/prepare-for-wildfire/go-evacuation-guide/animal-evacuation/\">check Cal Fire’s guide to animal evacuation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"12\">\u003c/a>What if I don’t have a car?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s important that your emergency bag is light enough to transport without a car, and be carried (or pulled, in a tub or a chest on wheels) easily. Even if you have a vehicle, you might find yourself in an evacuation situation that demands you leave it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re worried about how you’ll leave your home area without a car, Cal Fire’s Heather Williams recommends that you work with your neighbors — or nearby friends and family, if you have them — to coordinate. If you’re relying on someone else’s car to evacuate, she recommends you leave your home “sooner rather than later” because your ride might not be able to physically get to you if you leave it too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"13\">\u003c/a>What if I or a family member doesn’t have a smartphone?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Counties increasingly rely on the WEA system — wireless emergency alerts — that by and large are delivered to cellphones through the IPAWS system, the federal integrated public alert and warning system. Those alerts also go to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather radios, which operate on emergency cranks or battery power. NOAA weather radios broadcast official warnings, watches, forecasts and other hazard information consistently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can also \u003ca href=\"https://local.nixle.com/register/\">sign up to get Nixle alerts\u003c/a>, which can come via texts, voice messages and emails. If you have a friend, family member or neighbor who \u003cem>does\u003c/em> have a smartphone, set up a system so they can send you important information.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003ca id=\"14\">\u003c/a>What should I do for my house before I leave?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you’re anticipating an evacuation and have time to prepare your house, \u003ca href=\"https://www.fire.ca.gov/prepare\">Cal Fire has a guide to giving your home the best chance of surviving a wildfire\u003c/a>. Their checklist includes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Shut off gas at the meter; turn off pilot lights.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Shut off the air conditioning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Shut all windows and doors, leaving them \u003cem>unlocked.\u003c/em>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Remove flammable window shades, curtains and close metal shutters, and remove lightweight curtains.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Move flammable furniture to the center of the room, away from windows and doors.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Leave your lights on so firefighters can see your house under smoky conditions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Find \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1965575/and-now-fire-season-heres-how-to-prepare\">more information about keeping your home prepared for wildfires all year round\u003c/a> — including how to create defensible space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story originally published on Aug. 25, 2020.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California workplace regulators have issued $188,000 in penalties against Marathon Petroleum’s Martinez refinery for a series of alleged safety violations they say contributed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11968786/recent-fires-at-marathons-martinez-refinery-spark-major-safety-concerns\">an explosion and fire\u003c/a> that severely burned a worker last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, or Cal/OSHA, cited Marathon for violating nine safety regulations in connection with the blaze that critically injured refinery worker Jerome Serrano on Nov. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months after the fire, \u003ca href=\"https://www.csb.gov/csb-issues-investigation-update-into-november-2023-fire-at-the-marathon-renewables-facility-in-martinez-california/\">the U.S. Chemical Safety Board concluded\u003c/a> that the blaze started after a refinery furnace overheated. CSB investigators said Serrano was sent to turn off part of the malfunctioning furnace when a steel tube carrying hydrogen and heated diesel ruptured and ignited the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The employer failed to immediately remove exposed employees from imminent hazards created by Furnace F-20 on the 2HDO unit,” states one of Cal/OSHA’s citations, which was categorized as “serious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue was a furnace in a hydrodeoxygenation unit, a component that’s part of the facility’s conversion from a petroleum refinery to one that produces renewable fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA said Marathon failed to compile enough safety information for refinery crews to respond appropriately when the unit overheated. In some cases, the agency said, workers were trained on refinery components that had yet to be installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Steelworkers Local 5, which represents Marathon workers, said training for refinery units involved in the facility’s transition has been deficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon has pushed back against that criticism and said it’s made changes to prevent a repeat of last fall’s fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As part of our comprehensive process for continuously improving person and process safety across our operations, we have been and continue implementing appropriate measures to prevent a recurrence of an incident like the one last November,” the company said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1992910,news_11981762,news_11975650,news_11968786 label='more coverage']“We are currently reviewing the citations issued by Cal-OSHA, and we have posted them in their entirety at the Martinez Renewables site for employees’ awareness. We continue to keep our colleague and his family in our thoughts as he recovers,” the statement reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serrano suffered third-degree burns to most of his body and has undergone a series of surgeries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is improving but faces a life full of challenges,” said Tracy Scott, president of USW Local 5, in a text message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serrano continues to undergo skin grafts and physical therapy six months after the fire, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His injuries have limited his ability to talk. Doctors recently installed a tracheostomy speaking valve that “has allowed him to be able to communicate his wishes about his medical care and treatment more directly with his care team,” Scott said. “He is a miracle and continues to amaze everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire that injured Serrano also forced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11968786/recent-fires-at-marathons-martinez-refinery-spark-major-safety-concerns\">more than a dozen workers to evacuate\u003c/a> part of the Marathon facility. The incident led to the release of more than 200,000 pounds of renewable diesel fuel, according to Marathon. Smoke from the fire drifted out of the refinery, leading to an hours-long public health advisory from Contra Costa County officials.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California workplace regulators have issued $188,000 in penalties against Marathon Petroleum’s Martinez refinery for a series of alleged safety violations they say contributed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11968786/recent-fires-at-marathons-martinez-refinery-spark-major-safety-concerns\">an explosion and fire\u003c/a> that severely burned a worker last fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Division of Occupational Safety and Health, or Cal/OSHA, cited Marathon for violating nine safety regulations in connection with the blaze that critically injured refinery worker Jerome Serrano on Nov. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three months after the fire, \u003ca href=\"https://www.csb.gov/csb-issues-investigation-update-into-november-2023-fire-at-the-marathon-renewables-facility-in-martinez-california/\">the U.S. Chemical Safety Board concluded\u003c/a> that the blaze started after a refinery furnace overheated. CSB investigators said Serrano was sent to turn off part of the malfunctioning furnace when a steel tube carrying hydrogen and heated diesel ruptured and ignited the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The employer failed to immediately remove exposed employees from imminent hazards created by Furnace F-20 on the 2HDO unit,” states one of Cal/OSHA’s citations, which was categorized as “serious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue was a furnace in a hydrodeoxygenation unit, a component that’s part of the facility’s conversion from a petroleum refinery to one that produces renewable fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cal/OSHA said Marathon failed to compile enough safety information for refinery crews to respond appropriately when the unit overheated. In some cases, the agency said, workers were trained on refinery components that had yet to be installed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>United Steelworkers Local 5, which represents Marathon workers, said training for refinery units involved in the facility’s transition has been deficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marathon has pushed back against that criticism and said it’s made changes to prevent a repeat of last fall’s fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As part of our comprehensive process for continuously improving person and process safety across our operations, we have been and continue implementing appropriate measures to prevent a recurrence of an incident like the one last November,” the company said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We are currently reviewing the citations issued by Cal-OSHA, and we have posted them in their entirety at the Martinez Renewables site for employees’ awareness. We continue to keep our colleague and his family in our thoughts as he recovers,” the statement reads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serrano suffered third-degree burns to most of his body and has undergone a series of surgeries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He is improving but faces a life full of challenges,” said Tracy Scott, president of USW Local 5, in a text message.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serrano continues to undergo skin grafts and physical therapy six months after the fire, Scott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His injuries have limited his ability to talk. Doctors recently installed a tracheostomy speaking valve that “has allowed him to be able to communicate his wishes about his medical care and treatment more directly with his care team,” Scott said. “He is a miracle and continues to amaze everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire that injured Serrano also forced \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11968786/recent-fires-at-marathons-martinez-refinery-spark-major-safety-concerns\">more than a dozen workers to evacuate\u003c/a> part of the Marathon facility. The incident led to the release of more than 200,000 pounds of renewable diesel fuel, according to Marathon. Smoke from the fire drifted out of the refinery, leading to an hours-long public health advisory from Contra Costa County officials.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "World's Largest Tree Passes Health Test, Even as California's Giant Sequoias Face Growing Climate Threats",
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"content": "\u003cp>High in the evergreen canopy of General Sherman, the world’s largest tree, researchers searched for evidence of an emerging threat to giant sequoias: bark beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climbers descended the towering 2,200-year-old tree with good news on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The General Sherman tree is doing fine right now,” said Anthony Ambrose, executive director of the Ancient Forest Society, who led the expedition. “It seems to be a very healthy tree that’s able to fend off any beetle attack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time climbers had scaled the iconic 275-foot sequoia tree, which draws tourists from around the world to Sequoia National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant sequoias, the Earth’s largest living things, have survived for thousands of years in California’s western Sierra Nevada range, the only place where the species is native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the climate grows hotter and drier, giant sequoias previously thought to be almost indestructible are increasingly threatened by extreme heat, drought and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020 and 2021, record-setting wildfires killed as much as 20% of the world’s 75,000 mature sequoias, according to park officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most significant threat to giant sequoias is climate-driven wildfires,” said Ben Blom, director of stewardship and restoration at Save the Redwoods League. “But we certainly don’t want to be caught by surprise by a new threat, which is why we’re studying these beetles now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, researchers are growing more worried about bark beetles, which didn’t pose a serious threat in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beetles are native to California and have co-existed with sequoias for thousands of years. But only recently have they been able to kill the trees. Scientists say they recently discovered about 40 sequoia trees that have died from beetle infestations, mostly within the national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987599\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987599\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"771\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533-1020x768.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A picture taken on March 9, 2014, shows a tourist posing for a photo next to the General Sherman Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) at Sequoia National Park. With an estimated volume of 52,513 cubic feet, General Sherman is the largest tree on Earth. \u003ccite>(Mladen Antonov/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re documenting some trees that are actually dying from kind of a combination of drought and fire that have weakened them to a point where they’re not able to defend themselves from the beetle attack,” Ambrose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beetles attack the trees from the canopy, boring into branches and working their way down the trunk. If left unchecked, the tiny beetles can kill a tree within six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why park officials allowed Ambrose and his colleagues to climb General Sherman. They conducted the tree health inspection as journalists and visitors watched them pull themselves up ropes dangling from the canopy. They examined the branches and trunk, looking for the tiny holes that indicate beetle activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"science_1991547,news_11958441,news_11959906\"]But it’s not possible to climb every sequoia tree to inspect the canopy in person directly. That’s why they’re also testing whether drones equipped with sensors and aided by satellite imagery can be used to monitor and detect beetle infestations on a larger scale within the forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s health inspection of General Sherman was organized by the Giant Sequoia Lands Coalition, a group of government agencies, Native tribes and environmental groups. They hope to establish a health monitoring program for the towering trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they discover beetle infestations, officials say, they could try to combat the attacks by spraying water, removing branches or using chemical treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bark beetles have ravaged pine and fir forests throughout the Western United States in recent years, but they previously didn’t pose a threat to giant sequoias, which can live 3,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have really withstood insect attacks for a lot of years. So why now? Why are we seeing this change?” said Clay Jordan, superintendent for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. “There’s a lot that we need to learn in order to ensure good stewardship of these trees for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Researchers this week climbed General Sherman in Sequoia National Park for the first time, and found it to be in relatively good shape. But giant sequoias, once thought to be nearly indestructible, are increasingly threatened by extreme heat, drought, wildfires and insects.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>High in the evergreen canopy of General Sherman, the world’s largest tree, researchers searched for evidence of an emerging threat to giant sequoias: bark beetles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climbers descended the towering 2,200-year-old tree with good news on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The General Sherman tree is doing fine right now,” said Anthony Ambrose, executive director of the Ancient Forest Society, who led the expedition. “It seems to be a very healthy tree that’s able to fend off any beetle attack.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was the first time climbers had scaled the iconic 275-foot sequoia tree, which draws tourists from around the world to Sequoia National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giant sequoias, the Earth’s largest living things, have survived for thousands of years in California’s western Sierra Nevada range, the only place where the species is native.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the climate grows hotter and drier, giant sequoias previously thought to be almost indestructible are increasingly threatened by extreme heat, drought and wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2020 and 2021, record-setting wildfires killed as much as 20% of the world’s 75,000 mature sequoias, according to park officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The most significant threat to giant sequoias is climate-driven wildfires,” said Ben Blom, director of stewardship and restoration at Save the Redwoods League. “But we certainly don’t want to be caught by surprise by a new threat, which is why we’re studying these beetles now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, researchers are growing more worried about bark beetles, which didn’t pose a serious threat in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beetles are native to California and have co-existed with sequoias for thousands of years. But only recently have they been able to kill the trees. Scientists say they recently discovered about 40 sequoia trees that have died from beetle infestations, mostly within the national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11987599\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11987599\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"771\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533-800x602.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533-1020x768.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-479161533-160x120.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A picture taken on March 9, 2014, shows a tourist posing for a photo next to the General Sherman Giant Sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) at Sequoia National Park. With an estimated volume of 52,513 cubic feet, General Sherman is the largest tree on Earth. \u003ccite>(Mladen Antonov/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re documenting some trees that are actually dying from kind of a combination of drought and fire that have weakened them to a point where they’re not able to defend themselves from the beetle attack,” Ambrose said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beetles attack the trees from the canopy, boring into branches and working their way down the trunk. If left unchecked, the tiny beetles can kill a tree within six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why park officials allowed Ambrose and his colleagues to climb General Sherman. They conducted the tree health inspection as journalists and visitors watched them pull themselves up ropes dangling from the canopy. They examined the branches and trunk, looking for the tiny holes that indicate beetle activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But it’s not possible to climb every sequoia tree to inspect the canopy in person directly. That’s why they’re also testing whether drones equipped with sensors and aided by satellite imagery can be used to monitor and detect beetle infestations on a larger scale within the forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s health inspection of General Sherman was organized by the Giant Sequoia Lands Coalition, a group of government agencies, Native tribes and environmental groups. They hope to establish a health monitoring program for the towering trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they discover beetle infestations, officials say, they could try to combat the attacks by spraying water, removing branches or using chemical treatments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bark beetles have ravaged pine and fir forests throughout the Western United States in recent years, but they previously didn’t pose a threat to giant sequoias, which can live 3,000 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have really withstood insect attacks for a lot of years. So why now? Why are we seeing this change?” said Clay Jordan, superintendent for Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. “There’s a lot that we need to learn in order to ensure good stewardship of these trees for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "newsom-says-california-water-tunnel-will-cost-20-billion-officials-and-experts-say-its-worth-it",
"title": "Newsom Says California Water Tunnel Will Cost $20 Billion. Officials and Experts Say It's Worth It",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration says Thursday it will now cost more than $20 billion to build a giant tunnel to catch more water when it rains and store it to better prepare for longer droughts caused by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators have been trying to build some version of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-water-tunnel-gavin-newsom-7948a83b9db5e6cdaebede07ca456316\">a water tunnel system\u003c/a> for decades. The latest form championed by the Democratic governor is \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-sacramento-jerry-brown-trending-news-82c1f2b378ef01793dc69fb3140cf294\">a single giant tunnel\u003c/a>, down from two tunnels proposed by his predecessor, Jerry Brown. Newsom’s administration says the state can capture more water from the Sacramento River during major storms and send it south for storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last cost estimate, from 2020, put the price tag for a single tunnel project at $16 billion. The new analysis says the tunnel will cost $20.1 billion, an increase they attribute almost entirely to inflation, which soared after the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project would be paid for by 29 local public water agencies, which get their money from customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis, conducted by the Berkeley Research Group but paid for by the state, says the tunnel would yield $38 billion in benefits, mostly because of an increased water supply that would be better protected from natural disasters like earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The benefits clearly justify the costs,” says David Sunding, emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley, who led the analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that rosy outlook, the tunnel remains one of the most controversial projects in recent memory. Environmental groups say its construction would have devastating impacts on the already vanishing ecosystem of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, the largest estuary on the West Coast that is home to endangered species of salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis released Thursday notes the environmental impacts, which include lost agricultural land, reduced water quality in the Delta, and impacts on air quality, transportation and noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of foisting the costs of this boondoggle project onto Californians, the state should invest in sustainable water solutions that promise to restore the Delta ecosystem, not destroy it,” says Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of the environmental advocacy group Restore the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials note the project now includes $200 million for grants to fund local projects in areas impacted by construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond environmental concerns, the project has become a political landmine throughout the Central Valley’s farming communities, where it is seen as yet another attempt by Southern California to steal their water. While most of California’s population lives in the southern part of the state, most of the state’s water comes from the north. In the state Legislature, lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-budget-delta-water-tunnel-newsom-bc1fb2a61ebb8b2bcb077312c69b3fd1\">blocked any effort\u003c/a> to benefit or speed up the tunnel’s construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new analysis acknowledges what we’ve known all along: the Delta Tunnel is meant to benefit Beverly Hills and leave Delta communities out to dry,” says U.S. Rep. Josh Harder, a Democrat whose district includes the Central Valley communities like Stockton, Lodi and Galt. “I’m sick and tired of politicians in Sacramento ignoring our Valley voices, and I will do everything in my power to stop them from stealing our water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tunnel would be part of the State Water Project — a complex system of reservoirs, dams and canals that provides water to 27 million people while irrigating 750,000 acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11969648,science_1992194,news_11981787\"]Climate change is threatening that supply. A recent drought saw the three driest years on record, which dropped reservoirs around the state to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-government-and-politics-science-business-76709d5854394905e0f46880ed6dab9c\">dangerously low levels\u003c/a> and prompted mandatory rationing and even caused some hydroelectric power plants to shut down. State officials predict that by 2070, State Water Project deliveries will decline by 22% because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed tunnel would be about 45 miles long and 36 feet wide or large enough to carry more than 161 million gallons of water per hour. State officials say this tunnel would let the state capture more water when hit by “atmospheric rivers” — large storms that can drench the state for weeks during the rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis released Thursday says the tunnel would increase water deliveries by about 17%, nearly accounting for the anticipated decline because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a very real cost to do nothing. It is vastly more efficient and economical to avoid declining supplies,” says Karla Nemeth, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “Water shortages, mandatory restrictions, land fallowing and job loss all impact our state and local economies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Gov. Gavin Newsom’s administration says Thursday it will now cost more than $20 billion to build a giant tunnel to catch more water when it rains and store it to better prepare for longer droughts caused by climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators have been trying to build some version of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-water-tunnel-gavin-newsom-7948a83b9db5e6cdaebede07ca456316\">a water tunnel system\u003c/a> for decades. The latest form championed by the Democratic governor is \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-sacramento-jerry-brown-trending-news-82c1f2b378ef01793dc69fb3140cf294\">a single giant tunnel\u003c/a>, down from two tunnels proposed by his predecessor, Jerry Brown. Newsom’s administration says the state can capture more water from the Sacramento River during major storms and send it south for storage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last cost estimate, from 2020, put the price tag for a single tunnel project at $16 billion. The new analysis says the tunnel will cost $20.1 billion, an increase they attribute almost entirely to inflation, which soared after the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project would be paid for by 29 local public water agencies, which get their money from customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis, conducted by the Berkeley Research Group but paid for by the state, says the tunnel would yield $38 billion in benefits, mostly because of an increased water supply that would be better protected from natural disasters like earthquakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The benefits clearly justify the costs,” says David Sunding, emeritus professor at the University of California, Berkeley, who led the analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite that rosy outlook, the tunnel remains one of the most controversial projects in recent memory. Environmental groups say its construction would have devastating impacts on the already vanishing ecosystem of the Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta, the largest estuary on the West Coast that is home to endangered species of salmon and other fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis released Thursday notes the environmental impacts, which include lost agricultural land, reduced water quality in the Delta, and impacts on air quality, transportation and noise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of foisting the costs of this boondoggle project onto Californians, the state should invest in sustainable water solutions that promise to restore the Delta ecosystem, not destroy it,” says Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of the environmental advocacy group Restore the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials note the project now includes $200 million for grants to fund local projects in areas impacted by construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beyond environmental concerns, the project has become a political landmine throughout the Central Valley’s farming communities, where it is seen as yet another attempt by Southern California to steal their water. While most of California’s population lives in the southern part of the state, most of the state’s water comes from the north. In the state Legislature, lawmakers have \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-budget-delta-water-tunnel-newsom-bc1fb2a61ebb8b2bcb077312c69b3fd1\">blocked any effort\u003c/a> to benefit or speed up the tunnel’s construction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new analysis acknowledges what we’ve known all along: the Delta Tunnel is meant to benefit Beverly Hills and leave Delta communities out to dry,” says U.S. Rep. Josh Harder, a Democrat whose district includes the Central Valley communities like Stockton, Lodi and Galt. “I’m sick and tired of politicians in Sacramento ignoring our Valley voices, and I will do everything in my power to stop them from stealing our water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tunnel would be part of the State Water Project — a complex system of reservoirs, dams and canals that provides water to 27 million people while irrigating 750,000 acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Climate change is threatening that supply. A recent drought saw the three driest years on record, which dropped reservoirs around the state to \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-government-and-politics-science-business-76709d5854394905e0f46880ed6dab9c\">dangerously low levels\u003c/a> and prompted mandatory rationing and even caused some hydroelectric power plants to shut down. State officials predict that by 2070, State Water Project deliveries will decline by 22% because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed tunnel would be about 45 miles long and 36 feet wide or large enough to carry more than 161 million gallons of water per hour. State officials say this tunnel would let the state capture more water when hit by “atmospheric rivers” — large storms that can drench the state for weeks during the rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The analysis released Thursday says the tunnel would increase water deliveries by about 17%, nearly accounting for the anticipated decline because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a very real cost to do nothing. It is vastly more efficient and economical to avoid declining supplies,” says Karla Nemeth, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “Water shortages, mandatory restrictions, land fallowing and job loss all impact our state and local economies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "when-will-highway-1-big-sur-reopen",
"title": "Highway 1 to Big Sur Has Reopened — What to Know About Visiting from the Bay Area",
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"headTitle": "Highway 1 to Big Sur Has Reopened — What to Know About Visiting from the Bay Area | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 8:40 a.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When will Highway 1 reopen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, that’s been the question for many Bay Area residents hoping to drive south to visit Big Sur — the remote coastal region cut off since March 30, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905691/the-uncertain-future-of-iconic-battered-highway-1\">a rockslide forced the closure of this iconic stretch of road\u003c/a>. Now, there’s an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The affected portion of Highway 1 at Rocky Creek Bridge, around 17 miles south of Monterey, reopened to traffic early on Friday, May 17 — \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/05/03/highway-1-targeted-to-reopen-by-may-25-as-governor-takes-action-to-support-repairs-in-topanga-canyon-and-other-communities-damaged-by-storms/\">eight days earlier than previously announced\u003c/a> — to allow 24/7 traffic south into Big Sur again. For the last two months, residents and visitors have only been allowed in and out of the region twice a day in convoys, using the still-intact northbound lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rocky Creek closure came on the heels of \u003cem>another \u003c/em>Highway 1 closure further south around the town of Lucia — a longer stretch of the coastal highway closed by a similar rockslide over a year ago. But while that Lucia closure remains in place, Friday’s reopening means Bay Area residents can once again access Big Sur from the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve been eagerly awaiting this Highway 1 reopening and want to plan a long-delayed trip to Big Sur this summer, there are several things that prospective visitors to the region should know. Keep reading for a number of updates about visiting Big Sur this year, even if you’ve been there before — and some advice on being the best tourist to Big Sur from the Bay you can possibly be.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You still can’t drive Highway 1 all the way to L.A. — yet\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Highway 1 closure at Paul’s Slide around the town of Lucia has been in effect since January 2023. And because it’s an entirely separate reopening operation to the Rocky Creek “slip-out” to the north, this southern stretch will remain closed after Friday even as that other part of Highway 1 reopens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this week, there’s still no firm date for the Lucia highway closure to reopen, although \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-14/highway-1-in-big-sur-to-reopen\">Caltrans said they hope to open this stretch of Highway 1 sometime this summer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986500\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986500\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur.png\" alt=\"A blue and green toned map of the California Central Coast showing the closures along Highway 1.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1409\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur-800x587.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur-1020x749.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur-160x117.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur-1536x1127.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What the closure along this stretch of Highway 1 through Big Sur has looked like since March 30 (as seen before Friday’s reopening at Rocky Creek.) \u003ccite>(Courtesy CalTrans)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That means until that reopening at Lucia occurs, there is simply no way to drive from the Bay Area on Highway 1 through Big Sur to the Central Coast and Southern California. And because no roads over the Santa Lucia mountains connect Highway 1 to Highway 101, anyone wanting to complete that journey from the Bay would have to double back at the Lucia closure and drive to at least Monterey to access those other routes to Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/road-trips/pacific-coast-highway-itinerary\">the San-Francisco-to-LA Pacific Coast Highway \u003c/a>road trip is a longstanding tradition not just for state residents but for countless visitors to the West Coast, the fact that it remains physically impossible to drive right now is still catching folks by surprise, said Ben Perlmutter, managing partner at the Big Sur River Inn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see it all the time,” he said — attributing it at least, in part, to “just the nature of the way people are when they’re on vacation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Prepare for an already-slow drive to get even slower\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just because Highway 1 is now reopened at Rocky Creek as of Friday doesn’t mean it’s \u003cem>fully \u003c/em>reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead,\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/05/14/governor-newsom-announces-the-reopening-of-highway-1-ahead-of-schedule/\"> drivers approaching this area are now met with a 24/7 timed signal \u003c/a>allowing one-way alternating traffic through in both directions, using only the northbound lane that wasn’t impacted by the rockslide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986441\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986441\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Road workers from Treichert Construction finish creating a temporary one-way roadway on the site of the U.S. Highway 1 road collapse, called the Rocky Creek Slip in Big Sur, California, on Saturday, April 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because the signal means one direction of traffic has to “wait its turn,” you should anticipate extra journey time traveling into Big Sur — added onto an already leisurely journey where the speed limit is 55 miles per hour maximum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(But hopefully, you already know that Big Sur is not the place to visit if you’re in a hurry.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Plan for an almost total lack of cellphone service\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even for people excited to enjoy Big Sur’s remoteness, the complete lack of cellphone coverage in much of this region — and the unavailability of high-speed Wi-Fi in the region’s businesses — can still come as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Sur River Inn’s Perlmutter, who was born and raised in Big Sur, said that the very first thing many visitors to his hotel and restaurant do after completing the winding drive south from Carmel is to “look for cell service: ‘I need to text mom … I need to tell my significant other that I’m still alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, of course, they don’t \u003cem>have\u003c/em> cell service — and a lot of them end up getting kind of frustrated,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, for many visitors, the lack of connectivity is a plus rather than a drawback. But for those who really need to find signal, Perlmutter recommends asking workers in Big Sur’s local businesses for their advice. They’ll likely know the spots, turnouts and parking lots where you might find spots of coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But also, you’re here in Big Sur,” he noted. “Maybe take a couple of breaths, relax a little bit, and soak it in — like, hey, guess what? You’re not going to get a work email when you’re down here, and that could be really awesome for the next 24–48 hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you use Google Maps for navigation, consider downloading an offline map of Big Sur before you leave, which you can use without cellphone service. \u003ca href=\"https://support.google.com/maps/answer/6291838?hl=en&co=GENIE.Platform%3DiOS&oco=0\">Read a guide to downloading offline Google Maps on your iPhone or Android\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t underestimate the challenging drive of Highway 1\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never driven Highway 1 through Big Sur before, the steep and winding nature of this road can come as a shock, especially if you’re more accustomed to city or freeway driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need to take it slower on Highway 1’s curves or simply don’t want to rush your way through the incredible ocean views, that’s OK — but remain mindful of any cars behind you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986444\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986444\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hole is visible where a section of southbound Highway 1 broke off and fell into the ocean at Rocky Creek Bridge on April 02, 2024, near Big Sur, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Highway 1 contains many turnouts for a reason, so just pull over to allow others to pass. Not only will you get to linger and enjoy the scenery from there — or as Perlmutter said, “any turnout would be a beautiful campsite if you were allowed to camp [there]” — but you’ll be avoiding an impatient driver behind you attempting to overtake you on Big Sur’s steep winding roads which might cause a potentially dangerous situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you just want to pull over to take a picture? Make sure you’re parked in a safe place that’s \u003cem>completely \u003c/em>off the highway, totally within the white road markings — especially if you’re parked near a bend, where oncoming traffic can’t necessarily see you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Double-check Highway 1 conditions \u003cem>before \u003c/em>you leave\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To stay up-to-date on the latest road conditions, and to be sure your route isn’t impacted by any new closures or delays you weren’t anticipating, consider using \u003ca href=\"https://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/\">Caltrans’ own QuickMap site\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/QM/app.htm\">the QuickMap app (available on the App Store and Google Play)\u003c/a>. This map uses Caltrans’ data to show you the latest road conditions and travel information so you can be prepared ahead of your journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When first using QuickMap, hit “Options” on either the website or the app, and select all the options you want to see on the map, including “Full closures” and “Highway information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you’ve done this, you can zoom into the Big Sur area on the map, just as you would using Google Maps. You can then tap on the icons you see on the map to learn more about what they mean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember: Given the lack of cellphone coverage that awaits you in Big Sur, you’ll want to do all of this \u003cem>before \u003c/em>you enter the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leave no trace; pick up your trash\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Big Sur draws people from all around the globe for its beauty, so do your part in keeping it that way. Perlmutter said that reminding visitors to Big Sur not to litter the landscape is “first and foremost the most important thing” for residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to pick up all your trash, and consider keeping a trash bag or two in your car to aid you in that.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Finally: Be prepared for the unpredictable\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Big Sur’s stunning coastal landscape is the very thing that makes it so vulnerable to events like these highway slip-outs.[aside postID=news_11984496 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/IMG_0768-3-1020x765.jpg']“We’re talking about the steepest mountain range along the coast in the lower 48,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905691/the-uncertain-future-of-iconic-battered-highway-1\">Jonathan Warrick, a research geologist based in Santa Cruz with the United States Geological Survey, told KQED Forum\u003c/a>. “Most of the range of Big Sur is about a thousand feet high, and it plummets straight down into the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big Sur, explained Warrick, gets a lot of rainfall — which, combined with its steepness, means the landscape “erodes quite quickly,” at a rate of “about a foot a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perched right along this coast is the only road in and out of the region: Highway 1. And it’s accordingly vulnerable to “all kinds of things, from simple rock falls to massive, deep-seated landslides that are undermining the roadway,” Warrick said — and “these types of landslides that cause road closures increase during the wet winters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you’re planning to visit Big Sur during or after a period of wet weather, remember that this kind of rainfall has historically increased the chances of a slip-out along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If another Highway 1 closure strikes before your trip:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s always frustrating when a much-anticipated vacation is affected by unforeseen circumstances. But don’t panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, be sure to check if any highway closures will actually affect your route using a resource like \u003ca href=\"https://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/\">Caltrans’ QuickMap site\u003c/a>. And if they do, and you have accommodation reserved that you’re unsure you’ll be able to physically reach, the Big Sur River Inn’s Perlmutter recommends giving that establishment a call straightaway to see what they know about access and what’s possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slip-outs that force Highway 1 closures have hit local businesses hard by cutting off most tourist access — and Perlmutter suggests that travelers who want a way to keep supporting these local businesses might consider \u003cem>rescheduling\u003c/em> a reservation to a later month if they’re able, rather than canceling it outright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amadrigal\">\u003cem>Alexis Madrigal\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/avignet\">\u003cem>Anna Vignet\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "A rockslide on March 30 closed U.S. Highway 1 into Big Sur, but the iconic highway has now reopened as of Friday. Here's what to know a making a Big Sur roadtrip again.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 8:40 a.m. Friday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When will Highway 1 reopen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For months, that’s been the question for many Bay Area residents hoping to drive south to visit Big Sur — the remote coastal region cut off since March 30, when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905691/the-uncertain-future-of-iconic-battered-highway-1\">a rockslide forced the closure of this iconic stretch of road\u003c/a>. Now, there’s an answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The affected portion of Highway 1 at Rocky Creek Bridge, around 17 miles south of Monterey, reopened to traffic early on Friday, May 17 — \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/05/03/highway-1-targeted-to-reopen-by-may-25-as-governor-takes-action-to-support-repairs-in-topanga-canyon-and-other-communities-damaged-by-storms/\">eight days earlier than previously announced\u003c/a> — to allow 24/7 traffic south into Big Sur again. For the last two months, residents and visitors have only been allowed in and out of the region twice a day in convoys, using the still-intact northbound lane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rocky Creek closure came on the heels of \u003cem>another \u003c/em>Highway 1 closure further south around the town of Lucia — a longer stretch of the coastal highway closed by a similar rockslide over a year ago. But while that Lucia closure remains in place, Friday’s reopening means Bay Area residents can once again access Big Sur from the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’ve been eagerly awaiting this Highway 1 reopening and want to plan a long-delayed trip to Big Sur this summer, there are several things that prospective visitors to the region should know. Keep reading for a number of updates about visiting Big Sur this year, even if you’ve been there before — and some advice on being the best tourist to Big Sur from the Bay you can possibly be.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>You still can’t drive Highway 1 all the way to L.A. — yet\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Highway 1 closure at Paul’s Slide around the town of Lucia has been in effect since January 2023. And because it’s an entirely separate reopening operation to the Rocky Creek “slip-out” to the north, this southern stretch will remain closed after Friday even as that other part of Highway 1 reopens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this week, there’s still no firm date for the Lucia highway closure to reopen, although \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2024-05-14/highway-1-in-big-sur-to-reopen\">Caltrans said they hope to open this stretch of Highway 1 sometime this summer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986500\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986500\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur.png\" alt=\"A blue and green toned map of the California Central Coast showing the closures along Highway 1.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1409\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur.png 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur-800x587.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur-1020x749.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur-160x117.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/big-sur-1536x1127.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">What the closure along this stretch of Highway 1 through Big Sur has looked like since March 30 (as seen before Friday’s reopening at Rocky Creek.) \u003ccite>(Courtesy CalTrans)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That means until that reopening at Lucia occurs, there is simply no way to drive from the Bay Area on Highway 1 through Big Sur to the Central Coast and Southern California. And because no roads over the Santa Lucia mountains connect Highway 1 to Highway 101, anyone wanting to complete that journey from the Bay would have to double back at the Lucia closure and drive to at least Monterey to access those other routes to Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since \u003ca href=\"https://www.travelandleisure.com/trip-ideas/road-trips/pacific-coast-highway-itinerary\">the San-Francisco-to-LA Pacific Coast Highway \u003c/a>road trip is a longstanding tradition not just for state residents but for countless visitors to the West Coast, the fact that it remains physically impossible to drive right now is still catching folks by surprise, said Ben Perlmutter, managing partner at the Big Sur River Inn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see it all the time,” he said — attributing it at least, in part, to “just the nature of the way people are when they’re on vacation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Prepare for an already-slow drive to get even slower\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just because Highway 1 is now reopened at Rocky Creek as of Friday doesn’t mean it’s \u003cem>fully \u003c/em>reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead,\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2024/05/14/governor-newsom-announces-the-reopening-of-highway-1-ahead-of-schedule/\"> drivers approaching this area are now met with a 24/7 timed signal \u003c/a>allowing one-way alternating traffic through in both directions, using only the northbound lane that wasn’t impacted by the rockslide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986441\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986441\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/BigSur02-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Road workers from Treichert Construction finish creating a temporary one-way roadway on the site of the U.S. Highway 1 road collapse, called the Rocky Creek Slip in Big Sur, California, on Saturday, April 6, 2024. \u003ccite>(Melina Mara/The Washington Post via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Because the signal means one direction of traffic has to “wait its turn,” you should anticipate extra journey time traveling into Big Sur — added onto an already leisurely journey where the speed limit is 55 miles per hour maximum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(But hopefully, you already know that Big Sur is not the place to visit if you’re in a hurry.)\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Plan for an almost total lack of cellphone service\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Even for people excited to enjoy Big Sur’s remoteness, the complete lack of cellphone coverage in much of this region — and the unavailability of high-speed Wi-Fi in the region’s businesses — can still come as a surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Big Sur River Inn’s Perlmutter, who was born and raised in Big Sur, said that the very first thing many visitors to his hotel and restaurant do after completing the winding drive south from Carmel is to “look for cell service: ‘I need to text mom … I need to tell my significant other that I’m still alive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And, of course, they don’t \u003cem>have\u003c/em> cell service — and a lot of them end up getting kind of frustrated,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, for many visitors, the lack of connectivity is a plus rather than a drawback. But for those who really need to find signal, Perlmutter recommends asking workers in Big Sur’s local businesses for their advice. They’ll likely know the spots, turnouts and parking lots where you might find spots of coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But also, you’re here in Big Sur,” he noted. “Maybe take a couple of breaths, relax a little bit, and soak it in — like, hey, guess what? You’re not going to get a work email when you’re down here, and that could be really awesome for the next 24–48 hours.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you use Google Maps for navigation, consider downloading an offline map of Big Sur before you leave, which you can use without cellphone service. \u003ca href=\"https://support.google.com/maps/answer/6291838?hl=en&co=GENIE.Platform%3DiOS&oco=0\">Read a guide to downloading offline Google Maps on your iPhone or Android\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Don’t underestimate the challenging drive of Highway 1\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>If you’ve never driven Highway 1 through Big Sur before, the steep and winding nature of this road can come as a shock, especially if you’re more accustomed to city or freeway driving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need to take it slower on Highway 1’s curves or simply don’t want to rush your way through the incredible ocean views, that’s OK — but remain mindful of any cars behind you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11986444\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11986444\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/GettyImages-2134103658-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A hole is visible where a section of southbound Highway 1 broke off and fell into the ocean at Rocky Creek Bridge on April 02, 2024, near Big Sur, California. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Highway 1 contains many turnouts for a reason, so just pull over to allow others to pass. Not only will you get to linger and enjoy the scenery from there — or as Perlmutter said, “any turnout would be a beautiful campsite if you were allowed to camp [there]” — but you’ll be avoiding an impatient driver behind you attempting to overtake you on Big Sur’s steep winding roads which might cause a potentially dangerous situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you just want to pull over to take a picture? Make sure you’re parked in a safe place that’s \u003cem>completely \u003c/em>off the highway, totally within the white road markings — especially if you’re parked near a bend, where oncoming traffic can’t necessarily see you.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Double-check Highway 1 conditions \u003cem>before \u003c/em>you leave\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To stay up-to-date on the latest road conditions, and to be sure your route isn’t impacted by any new closures or delays you weren’t anticipating, consider using \u003ca href=\"https://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/\">Caltrans’ own QuickMap site\u003c/a>, or \u003ca href=\"https://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/QM/app.htm\">the QuickMap app (available on the App Store and Google Play)\u003c/a>. This map uses Caltrans’ data to show you the latest road conditions and travel information so you can be prepared ahead of your journey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When first using QuickMap, hit “Options” on either the website or the app, and select all the options you want to see on the map, including “Full closures” and “Highway information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once you’ve done this, you can zoom into the Big Sur area on the map, just as you would using Google Maps. You can then tap on the icons you see on the map to learn more about what they mean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember: Given the lack of cellphone coverage that awaits you in Big Sur, you’ll want to do all of this \u003cem>before \u003c/em>you enter the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Leave no trace; pick up your trash\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Big Sur draws people from all around the globe for its beauty, so do your part in keeping it that way. Perlmutter said that reminding visitors to Big Sur not to litter the landscape is “first and foremost the most important thing” for residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to pick up all your trash, and consider keeping a trash bag or two in your car to aid you in that.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Finally: Be prepared for the unpredictable\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Big Sur’s stunning coastal landscape is the very thing that makes it so vulnerable to events like these highway slip-outs.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We’re talking about the steepest mountain range along the coast in the lower 48,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101905691/the-uncertain-future-of-iconic-battered-highway-1\">Jonathan Warrick, a research geologist based in Santa Cruz with the United States Geological Survey, told KQED Forum\u003c/a>. “Most of the range of Big Sur is about a thousand feet high, and it plummets straight down into the ocean.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big Sur, explained Warrick, gets a lot of rainfall — which, combined with its steepness, means the landscape “erodes quite quickly,” at a rate of “about a foot a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perched right along this coast is the only road in and out of the region: Highway 1. And it’s accordingly vulnerable to “all kinds of things, from simple rock falls to massive, deep-seated landslides that are undermining the roadway,” Warrick said — and “these types of landslides that cause road closures increase during the wet winters.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, if you’re planning to visit Big Sur during or after a period of wet weather, remember that this kind of rainfall has historically increased the chances of a slip-out along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>If another Highway 1 closure strikes before your trip:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s always frustrating when a much-anticipated vacation is affected by unforeseen circumstances. But don’t panic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, be sure to check if any highway closures will actually affect your route using a resource like \u003ca href=\"https://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/\">Caltrans’ QuickMap site\u003c/a>. And if they do, and you have accommodation reserved that you’re unsure you’ll be able to physically reach, the Big Sur River Inn’s Perlmutter recommends giving that establishment a call straightaway to see what they know about access and what’s possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Slip-outs that force Highway 1 closures have hit local businesses hard by cutting off most tourist access — and Perlmutter suggests that travelers who want a way to keep supporting these local businesses might consider \u003cem>rescheduling\u003c/em> a reservation to a later month if they’re able, rather than canceling it outright.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amadrigal\">\u003cem>Alexis Madrigal\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> and \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/avignet\">\u003cem>Anna Vignet\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "the-hidden-history-of-water-rights-in-owens-valley",
"title": "California's Nuumu People Claim LA Stole Their Water, Now They're Fighting for Its Return",
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"headTitle": "California’s Nuumu People Claim LA Stole Their Water, Now They’re Fighting for Its Return | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Noah Williams was about a year old, his parents took him on a fateful drive through the endless desert sagebrush of the Owens Valley — which the Nüümü call Payahuunadü — in California’s Eastern Sierra. Noah was strapped into his car seat behind his mother, Teri Red Owl, and his father, Harry Williams, a Nüümü tribal elder with a sharp sense of humor who loved a teachable moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hey, look — that’s our water!” he liked to tell Noah whenever they drove past the riffling cascades of the Los Angeles Aqueduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they sped toward their home on one of the Nüümü’s reservations in the valley, the family passed the dry lakebed of Patsiata, also known as Owens Lake. In the 19th century, Patsiata was a 110-square-mile behemoth more than twice the size of San Francisco, but in the decades since it’s been largely reduced to a brine pool ringed by a vast salt flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the family sped on, the wind picked up, spinning dust from the lakebed into a volcanic gray cloud that quickly engulfed the car. Williams and Red Owl rolled up the windows and closed the vents, but the toxic dust seeped in any way, slowly clouding up the car. They could taste it, fine and metallic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982597\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982597 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family photos of Noah Williams with his father, Harry Williams, at Teri Red Owl’s home in Bishop on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Years later, Harry told Noah about that harrowing drive. “How do people live here?” he remembered asking himself. Then he answered his own question: \u003cem>Oh, right. We live here.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are a people who have experienced a tremendous amount of grief,” said Noah, who now works as a water program coordinator for one of the Nüümü tribes. “You’ve got to learn the history — and if you really want to get down into the details, it’ll really make your bones sort of chill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a state shaped by water grabs, drought emergencies, and “pray for rain” billboards, Payahuunadü is the locus of California’s most infamous water war — the fight between Payahuunadü residents and the city of Los Angeles, about 270 miles away. In the early 1900s, Los Angeles was a small city that was running out of water, and Payahuunadü, which means “the land of flowing water,” had lots of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renamed the Owens Valley by white settlers — and nicknamed the “American Switzerland” — the valley was a snow-capped patchwork of pear farms and cattle ranches. Around 1904, Los Angeles city officials came up with a plan to take the valley’s water for themselves. Today, about a third of LA’s water supply comes from Payahuunadü and other parts of the Eastern Sierra, the city’s population has ballooned to nearly four million, and many of the valley’s streams and lakes — including Patsiata — have all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982603 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Wide shot of near empty lake with blue sky in the background. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owens Lake in Owens Valley on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The saga has been told scores of times, most famously in the Academy Award-winning movie Chinatown, but the Nüümü (also known as the Owens Valley Paiute) are often treated as a footnote to the story. The tribes have been fighting to get their water back for the better part of 170 years. And by the time Harry Williams died in 2021, he was convinced he’d discovered a way for them to do it. His strategy, he believed, would help the Nüümü win back their water in one clever move — and upend California’s arcane and inequitable water rights system along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: left\">‘Those Indians never got to be heard’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the Nüümü, the water war started in the 1800s, with the arrival of white people in their homeland. At the time, the valley was lush and green, its river banks lined with willows and cottonwoods. The occasional fur trapper and mountain man quickly gave way to a steady stream of sheep and cattle ranchers, and by the 1860s, a community of farmers and ranchers had seized tracts of Payahuunadü for themselves. The settlers used federal laws to consolidate control of the land and the state’s fledgling water laws, passed in the 1850s, to gain control of that vital resource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s water laws govern a landowner’s legal right to divert and use water from a river, lake, or stream, and they broadly operate under three basic principles. Under “first in time, first in right,” water went to the first landowner who filed a claim to use it. Under the law’s second principle, claimants were required to make continuous use of that water, otherwise known as “use it or lose it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, this system can still quietly determine who has power in California and who does not. “It may have made sense to the people in power at the time,” said Felicia Marcus, a visiting fellow at Stanford and the former chair of California’s State Water Board, which regulates water rights across the state. However, she argues that the system is fundamentally inequitable and long overdue for reform. “There’s a day of reckoning coming where we need to think about how we’re going to rectify this very obvious wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 19th century, a flurry of explicitly racist laws prevented many people of color from participating in California’s water rights system. While California was busy awarding water rights in the 1850s, it was also bankrolling a genocidal campaign against its Native communities; the legislature also legalized Native Californians’ enslavement and sanctioned the violent removal of tribes from their traditional lands. According to Noah’s mom, Red Owl — an expert in Nüümü history who has long served as executive director of the Owens Valley Indian Water Commission — it’s likely that the Nüümü were unaware of the finer points of state water law. And even if they had filed a water rights claim, many tribes would have run afoul of the law’s third principle, “beneficial use,” which held that a water rights owner had to use their water for something that California considered worthwhile. Diversions for agriculture were considered “beneficial,” but many California Native peoples did not farm. Before they knew it, the Nüümü had no legal right to the water they’d always relied on for basic survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982596\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982596 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits at a table with decorations behind her. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teri Red Owl, Executive Director of Owens Valley Indian Water Commission, at her home in Bishop on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tensions in the valley continued to intensify, and war broke out between the Nüümü and the white settlers in 1861. In 1863, the U.S. Cavalry and a group of settlers drove more than thirty Nüümü into Owens Lake, then shot them as they tried to swim to safety. Later that year, the military forcibly marched nearly 1,000 Nüümü out of Payahuunadü to Fort El Tejon, more than 200 miles to the south. Many tribal members died of thirst or starvation along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time many Nüümü returned to their valley, the settlers had turned it into a constellation of cattle ranches and orchards. Some Nüümü found jobs as farm laborers and ranch hands, and by the early 1900s, a small group of tribal members had used the federal government’s Indian allotment system to recover some of the land and water they’d lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by then, a new power player had entered the valley. Through a series of technically legal maneuvers, Los Angeles officials began buying up land in Payahuunadü, and along with that land came its associated water rights. Next, they built an aqueduct to carry that water to the city — a move that would effectively drain the valley dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the early 1930s, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ladwp.com/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1715802841175784&usg=AOvVaw0ZU-3FlpSxASlMh0X5Vt2a\">Los Angeles Department of Water and Power\u003c/a> (LADWP) owned nearly all of the valley’s farmland and water rights. It was during this period that the utility authored a report, the “Owens Valley Indian Problem,” which suggested removing the Nüümü from the valley — or, if that failed, containing them on reservations. According to both Red Owl and Sophia Borgias — an assistant professor at Boise State University and \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/share/IUTPXUXS6GNSMFNNTSPA?target=10.1080/24694452.2024.2332649\">expert in this\u003c/a> period of Payahuunadü history — the federal government stepped in on the city’s behalf, and in the late 1930s, Congress created several Nüümü reservations in Payahuunadü. Through this flurry of legislation and years of political maneuvering, LADWP further consolidated its control of the valley’s land and water, including the water that flowed through the Nüümü reservations. To this day, LADWP holds the rights to the drinking water on the Bishop Paiute Reservation, where Noah grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like to consider myself [part of] a resource colony of Los Angeles, but I’m afraid that is how they view us,” Red Owl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nüümü did not quietly accept this situation. They refused to leave Payahuunadü, even when LADWP and federal officials pressured them to relocate; at one point, LADWP even hired armed guards to prevent some Nüümü landowners from using the water they had rights to. In 1937, several Nüümü tribal members traveled to Washington to plead the tribes’ case, but Congress refused to let them speak before the legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those Indians never ever got to be heard,” Red Owl said. “When I think about it, it always hurts my heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘David and Goliath’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Harry Williams wasn’t a particularly patient person, and the Nüümü’s endless fights against LADWP infuriated him. So, sometime in the late 1990s, he started working on an ambitious new strategy. By the time Noah was in middle school, Harry was obsessed with a network of narrow channels that crisscross, according to one estimate, at least 60 square miles of the valley’s low, rocky hills. As a kid, Harry used to play in these channels, which looked like dry, overgrown creek beds 2-to-3 feet deep. “I don’t think that he quite realized what it was at the time,” Noah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To an untrained eye, the ditches don’t look like much, but Noah said they sometimes follow a pattern, branching off of the valley’s former creeks like veins from a leaf’s midrib. According to Harry, there’s a reason for that: the shallow ditches were part of a massive system the Nüümü had developed and maintained over hundreds of years to irrigate crops like tüpüs and nahavita, also known as yellow nutsedge and wild hyacinth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982601 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Rocks in the foreground with snow-capped mountains in the background.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The remains of a rock wall indicate the likely direction that water once flowed at the Bishop Creek diversion in Bishop on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other Nüümü knew about the tribes’ ditches, but it was Harry who obsessively researched and mapped them — and Harry who became convinced of their political implications. Under California’s water laws, many Native peoples were ineligible for water rights because they hadn’t put their water to “beneficial use” in the eyes of the state. But by diverting Payahuunadü’s water for irrigation, Harry theorized, the Nüümü had, in fact, demonstrated beneficial use, and they had done so long before white people arrived in the valley. This meant he argued that the Nüümü had been the rightful owners of the Payahuunadü’s water all along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, getting that water back would mean taking on LADWP. “It’s truly a David and Goliath sort of situation,” Noah said. “It’s going to be a huge, huge fight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4HUbbwYLH6k&t=1s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harry’s next step was to gather proof that the ditch system was as old and sophisticated as Nüümü traditional knowledge said it was. He enlisted researchers to help him pore over 100-year-old maps and dusty ethnographies, and he quickly realized that some government officials had known about the ditches in the 19th century. When whites first made contact with the Nüümü back in the 1800s, some were impressed enough by the tribes’ agricultural system to write about it in letters and newspapers. Academics had even published anthropological research on the Nüümü’s agricultural practices back in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least some of the white settlers who violently displaced the Nüümü had clearly known about the ditches, too. In an op-ed published by the Inyo Independent in 1870, the authors state that “many of the principle irrigating ditches now in use by the whites were originally constructed by the aborigines.” The op-ed was published not long after settlers forcibly removed the Nüümü from the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, that’s just the ultimate slap in the face,” said Greg Haverstock, an archeologist with the Bureau of Land Management who’s studied Nüümü agricultural ditches. The settlers “must have recognized that these were developed areas,” he said — even as they co-opted Nüümü irrigation systems and claimed the valley’s water for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haverstock started studying those systems because Harry contacted him in 2017; even with all of the historical documentation he’d collected, Harry still didn’t have scientific proof that the ditches predated the arrival of white settlers, which could make a Nüümü water rights claim all the more persuasive with the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Toxic dust from the lakebed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to Noah, Harry always had “a bit of a cough,” and as he hiked through agricultural ditches with Haverstock and pored over historical research, it was hard not to notice that his cough was getting worse. When Noah was fresh out of college, Harry was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and interstitial lung disease. No one can pinpoint the exact cause of Harry’s illnesses, but Noah believes the toxic dust storms that whipped off Patsiata’s dried lakebed were at least partly to blame: His father was far from the only community member who developed respiratory disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982604\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982604 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"White dust covering a lakebed with blue sky in the background. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owens Lake in Owens Valley on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s “putting two and two together,” Noah said. “Like, ‘Hey, they say that this is such bad dust pollution. We’re starting to see people that are sick.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust from the lakebed is laced with naturally occurring arsenic and other carcinogens, and the dust’s tiny particles have also been shown to harm human health. While there haven’t been any published studies on the long-term health impacts of Payahuunadü’s airborne dust, this kind of pollution has been studied in other places, where it was found to cause cancer, lung disease, and premature death. Since the late 1990s, LADWP said it has spent $2.5 billion on dust mitigation strategies, like putting gravel on the dried lakebed and using sprinklers to dampen the dust. The utility said it has reduced the lake’s dust emissions by more than 99 percent, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25658/effectiveness-and-impacts-of-dust-control-measures-for-owens-lake&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1715801655469723&usg=AOvVaw2G2J5EE_thb3KYF_g1Zc6H\">a 2020 National Academies of Sciences report\u003c/a> found the area still doesn’t meet air quality standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JOTI5gbq9gg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harry was deeply annoyed by his illness. He had archeologists to meet and county leaders to yell at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He definitely wanted to be here longer for sure,” Noah said. “That was really sad — realizing, ‘you know, it’s too late.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2021, his oxygen levels dropped, and Noah rushed him to the emergency room. “Are you ready?” Noah remembered asking him. “And he said, ‘Yeah — I’m ready to go.’” The doctors removed his oxygen, and Noah began singing ceremonial songs he’d learned from Harry. He held his father’s hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm clouds rolled in a few minutes after Harry’s last breath. As Noah gathered up Harry’s things, it began to rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really comforted by some information that someone shared with me,” he said. “It only rains when the great ones pass away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rain pooled in the valley’s parched ditches, its dry creek beds, and on the dusty lakebed. Some of it coursed into the aqueduct and was taken to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A fight for reform and reparations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2022, Haverstock and his team published their peer-reviewed paper in the Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. (Harry Williams is listed as a co-author and managed to review a draft before he died.) According to Haverstock’s radiocarbon dating, the Nüümü had been using the ditches to irrigate their valley for more than 400 years, long before their contact with white people. Williams had been right all along. “We tend to underestimate the ingenuity and the ecological knowledge of people before us,” Haverstock said. “That’s a big mistake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the paper’s publication, Noah said Nüümü tribal leaders have yet to file a water rights claim. The tribes don’t have the money to fight for Harry’s dream, Noah said, and are focusing on water fights against LADWP that are less of a legal moonshot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LADWP representatives declined interview requests, but in a \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XabakxpAiq2csC9BQ7PF7pkje_JJMOXj/view?usp=drive_link\">written statement\u003c/a>, the utility said it “recognizes tribal members’ traditional knowledge” and strives to respect Eastern Sierra communities. It also noted its attempts to reduce the amount of water Los Angeles imports. The city’s population has grown rapidly in the past 30 years, but LADWP said it has still managed to reduce its water imports from the Eastern Sierra by 50 percent since the 1990s; the utility is also investing in water recycling and treating stormwater for drinking. LADWP declined to answer any questions about the Nüümü agricultural ditch system or the validity of any tribal water-rights claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several water-law experts have found Harry Williams’ argument compelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes their water rights — \u003cem>in theory \u003c/em>— very senior,” said Felicia Marcus, the Stanford fellow. But the Nüümü’s claim would be vulnerable to a range of legal counterarguments. For example, the tribes didn’t file a claim within the statute of limitations, and they did not use their water “continuously,” as California water law requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the Nüümü likely didn’t know they needed to file a water claim in the 1800s, and the tribes stopped using the valley’s water in the 1860s because the U.S. military had forcibly driven them out of the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is clearly unjust, Marcus said, and an excellent example of why California should reform its water rights system to better include marginalized communities. The state could implement some kind of water reparations, she suggests, or the state legislature could pass a bill enabling tribes to file water rights claims retroactively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Noah Williams, the worst-case scenario isn’t just that the Nüümü never get their water back. It’s that all the history his dad fought to recover and devoted his life to preserving could be forgotten. “It’s frustrating,” he said. “I’d ask people [in Los Angeles] time and time again, ‘Where does your water come from?’ One of the most common answers that I would get would be, ‘From the tap.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we don’t tell people what actually happened here in the Owens Valley, he added — who lived here and who made use of the water — “it could just become a memory that’s lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Teresa Cotsirilos is a staff reporter with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthefern.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cchendler%40motherjones.com%7C060e0b2b9d5c4958f44408dc5989c2da%7C012f9e2f06f14827a96c9a54d367d83e%7C0%7C0%7C638483695425235926%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=8myntXoebNb%2FZUUlG0vig5kACl1xI0%2FqaTw3jjLVNCY%3D&reserved=0\">\u003cem>Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an independent, nonprofit news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "'You've got to learn the history — and if you really want to get down into the details, it'll really make your bones sort of chill,’ Noah Williams said, talking about the history of water rights in the Owens Valley.",
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"title": "California's Nuumu People Claim LA Stole Their Water, Now They're Fighting for Its Return | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Noah Williams was about a year old, his parents took him on a fateful drive through the endless desert sagebrush of the Owens Valley — which the Nüümü call Payahuunadü — in California’s Eastern Sierra. Noah was strapped into his car seat behind his mother, Teri Red Owl, and his father, Harry Williams, a Nüümü tribal elder with a sharp sense of humor who loved a teachable moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hey, look — that’s our water!” he liked to tell Noah whenever they drove past the riffling cascades of the Los Angeles Aqueduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they sped toward their home on one of the Nüümü’s reservations in the valley, the family passed the dry lakebed of Patsiata, also known as Owens Lake. In the 19th century, Patsiata was a 110-square-mile behemoth more than twice the size of San Francisco, but in the decades since it’s been largely reduced to a brine pool ringed by a vast salt flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the family sped on, the wind picked up, spinning dust from the lakebed into a volcanic gray cloud that quickly engulfed the car. Williams and Red Owl rolled up the windows and closed the vents, but the toxic dust seeped in any way, slowly clouding up the car. They could taste it, fine and metallic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982597\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982597 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-013-AR-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Family photos of Noah Williams with his father, Harry Williams, at Teri Red Owl’s home in Bishop on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Years later, Harry told Noah about that harrowing drive. “How do people live here?” he remembered asking himself. Then he answered his own question: \u003cem>Oh, right. We live here.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are a people who have experienced a tremendous amount of grief,” said Noah, who now works as a water program coordinator for one of the Nüümü tribes. “You’ve got to learn the history — and if you really want to get down into the details, it’ll really make your bones sort of chill.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a state shaped by water grabs, drought emergencies, and “pray for rain” billboards, Payahuunadü is the locus of California’s most infamous water war — the fight between Payahuunadü residents and the city of Los Angeles, about 270 miles away. In the early 1900s, Los Angeles was a small city that was running out of water, and Payahuunadü, which means “the land of flowing water,” had lots of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Renamed the Owens Valley by white settlers — and nicknamed the “American Switzerland” — the valley was a snow-capped patchwork of pear farms and cattle ranches. Around 1904, Los Angeles city officials came up with a plan to take the valley’s water for themselves. Today, about a third of LA’s water supply comes from Payahuunadü and other parts of the Eastern Sierra, the city’s population has ballooned to nearly four million, and many of the valley’s streams and lakes — including Patsiata — have all but disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982603\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982603 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Wide shot of near empty lake with blue sky in the background. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-040-AR-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owens Lake in Owens Valley on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The saga has been told scores of times, most famously in the Academy Award-winning movie Chinatown, but the Nüümü (also known as the Owens Valley Paiute) are often treated as a footnote to the story. The tribes have been fighting to get their water back for the better part of 170 years. And by the time Harry Williams died in 2021, he was convinced he’d discovered a way for them to do it. His strategy, he believed, would help the Nüümü win back their water in one clever move — and upend California’s arcane and inequitable water rights system along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 style=\"text-align: left\">‘Those Indians never got to be heard’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For the Nüümü, the water war started in the 1800s, with the arrival of white people in their homeland. At the time, the valley was lush and green, its river banks lined with willows and cottonwoods. The occasional fur trapper and mountain man quickly gave way to a steady stream of sheep and cattle ranchers, and by the 1860s, a community of farmers and ranchers had seized tracts of Payahuunadü for themselves. The settlers used federal laws to consolidate control of the land and the state’s fledgling water laws, passed in the 1850s, to gain control of that vital resource.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s water laws govern a landowner’s legal right to divert and use water from a river, lake, or stream, and they broadly operate under three basic principles. Under “first in time, first in right,” water went to the first landowner who filed a claim to use it. Under the law’s second principle, claimants were required to make continuous use of that water, otherwise known as “use it or lose it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, this system can still quietly determine who has power in California and who does not. “It may have made sense to the people in power at the time,” said Felicia Marcus, a visiting fellow at Stanford and the former chair of California’s State Water Board, which regulates water rights across the state. However, she argues that the system is fundamentally inequitable and long overdue for reform. “There’s a day of reckoning coming where we need to think about how we’re going to rectify this very obvious wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 19th century, a flurry of explicitly racist laws prevented many people of color from participating in California’s water rights system. While California was busy awarding water rights in the 1850s, it was also bankrolling a genocidal campaign against its Native communities; the legislature also legalized Native Californians’ enslavement and sanctioned the violent removal of tribes from their traditional lands. According to Noah’s mom, Red Owl — an expert in Nüümü history who has long served as executive director of the Owens Valley Indian Water Commission — it’s likely that the Nüümü were unaware of the finer points of state water law. And even if they had filed a water rights claim, many tribes would have run afoul of the law’s third principle, “beneficial use,” which held that a water rights owner had to use their water for something that California considered worthwhile. Diversions for agriculture were considered “beneficial,” but many California Native peoples did not farm. Before they knew it, the Nüümü had no legal right to the water they’d always relied on for basic survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982596\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982596 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"A woman sits at a table with decorations behind her. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-006-AR-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Teri Red Owl, Executive Director of Owens Valley Indian Water Commission, at her home in Bishop on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Tensions in the valley continued to intensify, and war broke out between the Nüümü and the white settlers in 1861. In 1863, the U.S. Cavalry and a group of settlers drove more than thirty Nüümü into Owens Lake, then shot them as they tried to swim to safety. Later that year, the military forcibly marched nearly 1,000 Nüümü out of Payahuunadü to Fort El Tejon, more than 200 miles to the south. Many tribal members died of thirst or starvation along the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time many Nüümü returned to their valley, the settlers had turned it into a constellation of cattle ranches and orchards. Some Nüümü found jobs as farm laborers and ranch hands, and by the early 1900s, a small group of tribal members had used the federal government’s Indian allotment system to recover some of the land and water they’d lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But by then, a new power player had entered the valley. Through a series of technically legal maneuvers, Los Angeles officials began buying up land in Payahuunadü, and along with that land came its associated water rights. Next, they built an aqueduct to carry that water to the city — a move that would effectively drain the valley dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the early 1930s, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.ladwp.com/&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1715802841175784&usg=AOvVaw0ZU-3FlpSxASlMh0X5Vt2a\">Los Angeles Department of Water and Power\u003c/a> (LADWP) owned nearly all of the valley’s farmland and water rights. It was during this period that the utility authored a report, the “Owens Valley Indian Problem,” which suggested removing the Nüümü from the valley — or, if that failed, containing them on reservations. According to both Red Owl and Sophia Borgias — an assistant professor at Boise State University and \u003ca href=\"https://www.tandfonline.com/share/IUTPXUXS6GNSMFNNTSPA?target=10.1080/24694452.2024.2332649\">expert in this\u003c/a> period of Payahuunadü history — the federal government stepped in on the city’s behalf, and in the late 1930s, Congress created several Nüümü reservations in Payahuunadü. Through this flurry of legislation and years of political maneuvering, LADWP further consolidated its control of the valley’s land and water, including the water that flowed through the Nüümü reservations. To this day, LADWP holds the rights to the drinking water on the Bishop Paiute Reservation, where Noah grew up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like to consider myself [part of] a resource colony of Los Angeles, but I’m afraid that is how they view us,” Red Owl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Nüümü did not quietly accept this situation. They refused to leave Payahuunadü, even when LADWP and federal officials pressured them to relocate; at one point, LADWP even hired armed guards to prevent some Nüümü landowners from using the water they had rights to. In 1937, several Nüümü tribal members traveled to Washington to plead the tribes’ case, but Congress refused to let them speak before the legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those Indians never ever got to be heard,” Red Owl said. “When I think about it, it always hurts my heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>‘David and Goliath’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Harry Williams wasn’t a particularly patient person, and the Nüümü’s endless fights against LADWP infuriated him. So, sometime in the late 1990s, he started working on an ambitious new strategy. By the time Noah was in middle school, Harry was obsessed with a network of narrow channels that crisscross, according to one estimate, at least 60 square miles of the valley’s low, rocky hills. As a kid, Harry used to play in these channels, which looked like dry, overgrown creek beds 2-to-3 feet deep. “I don’t think that he quite realized what it was at the time,” Noah said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To an untrained eye, the ditches don’t look like much, but Noah said they sometimes follow a pattern, branching off of the valley’s former creeks like veins from a leaf’s midrib. According to Harry, there’s a reason for that: the shallow ditches were part of a massive system the Nüümü had developed and maintained over hundreds of years to irrigate crops like tüpüs and nahavita, also known as yellow nutsedge and wild hyacinth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982601\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982601 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"Rocks in the foreground with snow-capped mountains in the background.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1334\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-031-AR-KQED-1920x1281.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The remains of a rock wall indicate the likely direction that water once flowed at the Bishop Creek diversion in Bishop on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Other Nüümü knew about the tribes’ ditches, but it was Harry who obsessively researched and mapped them — and Harry who became convinced of their political implications. Under California’s water laws, many Native peoples were ineligible for water rights because they hadn’t put their water to “beneficial use” in the eyes of the state. But by diverting Payahuunadü’s water for irrigation, Harry theorized, the Nüümü had, in fact, demonstrated beneficial use, and they had done so long before white people arrived in the valley. This meant he argued that the Nüümü had been the rightful owners of the Payahuunadü’s water all along.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, getting that water back would mean taking on LADWP. “It’s truly a David and Goliath sort of situation,” Noah said. “It’s going to be a huge, huge fight.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/4HUbbwYLH6k'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/4HUbbwYLH6k'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Harry’s next step was to gather proof that the ditch system was as old and sophisticated as Nüümü traditional knowledge said it was. He enlisted researchers to help him pore over 100-year-old maps and dusty ethnographies, and he quickly realized that some government officials had known about the ditches in the 19th century. When whites first made contact with the Nüümü back in the 1800s, some were impressed enough by the tribes’ agricultural system to write about it in letters and newspapers. Academics had even published anthropological research on the Nüümü’s agricultural practices back in the 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least some of the white settlers who violently displaced the Nüümü had clearly known about the ditches, too. In an op-ed published by the Inyo Independent in 1870, the authors state that “many of the principle irrigating ditches now in use by the whites were originally constructed by the aborigines.” The op-ed was published not long after settlers forcibly removed the Nüümü from the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, that’s just the ultimate slap in the face,” said Greg Haverstock, an archeologist with the Bureau of Land Management who’s studied Nüümü agricultural ditches. The settlers “must have recognized that these were developed areas,” he said — even as they co-opted Nüümü irrigation systems and claimed the valley’s water for themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Haverstock started studying those systems because Harry contacted him in 2017; even with all of the historical documentation he’d collected, Harry still didn’t have scientific proof that the ditches predated the arrival of white settlers, which could make a Nüümü water rights claim all the more persuasive with the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Toxic dust from the lakebed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>According to Noah, Harry always had “a bit of a cough,” and as he hiked through agricultural ditches with Haverstock and pored over historical research, it was hard not to notice that his cough was getting worse. When Noah was fresh out of college, Harry was diagnosed with cystic fibrosis and interstitial lung disease. No one can pinpoint the exact cause of Harry’s illnesses, but Noah believes the toxic dust storms that whipped off Patsiata’s dried lakebed were at least partly to blame: His father was far from the only community member who developed respiratory disorders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11982604\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11982604 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"White dust covering a lakebed with blue sky in the background. \" width=\"2000\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/04/Owens-Lake-044-AR-KQED-1920x1282.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Owens Lake in Owens Valley on April 3, 2024. \u003ccite>(Alejandra Rubio for KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s “putting two and two together,” Noah said. “Like, ‘Hey, they say that this is such bad dust pollution. We’re starting to see people that are sick.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dust from the lakebed is laced with naturally occurring arsenic and other carcinogens, and the dust’s tiny particles have also been shown to harm human health. While there haven’t been any published studies on the long-term health impacts of Payahuunadü’s airborne dust, this kind of pollution has been studied in other places, where it was found to cause cancer, lung disease, and premature death. Since the late 1990s, LADWP said it has spent $2.5 billion on dust mitigation strategies, like putting gravel on the dried lakebed and using sprinklers to dampen the dust. The utility said it has reduced the lake’s dust emissions by more than 99 percent, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?q=https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/25658/effectiveness-and-impacts-of-dust-control-measures-for-owens-lake&sa=D&source=docs&ust=1715801655469723&usg=AOvVaw2G2J5EE_thb3KYF_g1Zc6H\">a 2020 National Academies of Sciences report\u003c/a> found the area still doesn’t meet air quality standards.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/JOTI5gbq9gg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/JOTI5gbq9gg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Harry was deeply annoyed by his illness. He had archeologists to meet and county leaders to yell at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He definitely wanted to be here longer for sure,” Noah said. “That was really sad — realizing, ‘you know, it’s too late.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2021, his oxygen levels dropped, and Noah rushed him to the emergency room. “Are you ready?” Noah remembered asking him. “And he said, ‘Yeah — I’m ready to go.’” The doctors removed his oxygen, and Noah began singing ceremonial songs he’d learned from Harry. He held his father’s hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm clouds rolled in a few minutes after Harry’s last breath. As Noah gathered up Harry’s things, it began to rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was really comforted by some information that someone shared with me,” he said. “It only rains when the great ones pass away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rain pooled in the valley’s parched ditches, its dry creek beds, and on the dusty lakebed. Some of it coursed into the aqueduct and was taken to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A fight for reform and reparations\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In 2022, Haverstock and his team published their peer-reviewed paper in the Journal of California and Great Basin Anthropology. (Harry Williams is listed as a co-author and managed to review a draft before he died.) According to Haverstock’s radiocarbon dating, the Nüümü had been using the ditches to irrigate their valley for more than 400 years, long before their contact with white people. Williams had been right all along. “We tend to underestimate the ingenuity and the ecological knowledge of people before us,” Haverstock said. “That’s a big mistake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the paper’s publication, Noah said Nüümü tribal leaders have yet to file a water rights claim. The tribes don’t have the money to fight for Harry’s dream, Noah said, and are focusing on water fights against LADWP that are less of a legal moonshot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LADWP representatives declined interview requests, but in a \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XabakxpAiq2csC9BQ7PF7pkje_JJMOXj/view?usp=drive_link\">written statement\u003c/a>, the utility said it “recognizes tribal members’ traditional knowledge” and strives to respect Eastern Sierra communities. It also noted its attempts to reduce the amount of water Los Angeles imports. The city’s population has grown rapidly in the past 30 years, but LADWP said it has still managed to reduce its water imports from the Eastern Sierra by 50 percent since the 1990s; the utility is also investing in water recycling and treating stormwater for drinking. LADWP declined to answer any questions about the Nüümü agricultural ditch system or the validity of any tribal water-rights claims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several water-law experts have found Harry Williams’ argument compelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It makes their water rights — \u003cem>in theory \u003c/em>— very senior,” said Felicia Marcus, the Stanford fellow. But the Nüümü’s claim would be vulnerable to a range of legal counterarguments. For example, the tribes didn’t file a claim within the statute of limitations, and they did not use their water “continuously,” as California water law requires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the Nüümü likely didn’t know they needed to file a water claim in the 1800s, and the tribes stopped using the valley’s water in the 1860s because the U.S. military had forcibly driven them out of the valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is clearly unjust, Marcus said, and an excellent example of why California should reform its water rights system to better include marginalized communities. The state could implement some kind of water reparations, she suggests, or the state legislature could pass a bill enabling tribes to file water rights claims retroactively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Noah Williams, the worst-case scenario isn’t just that the Nüümü never get their water back. It’s that all the history his dad fought to recover and devoted his life to preserving could be forgotten. “It’s frustrating,” he said. “I’d ask people [in Los Angeles] time and time again, ‘Where does your water come from?’ One of the most common answers that I would get would be, ‘From the tap.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we don’t tell people what actually happened here in the Owens Valley, he added — who lived here and who made use of the water — “it could just become a memory that’s lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Teresa Cotsirilos is a staff reporter with the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://nam11.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fthefern.org%2F&data=05%7C02%7Cchendler%40motherjones.com%7C060e0b2b9d5c4958f44408dc5989c2da%7C012f9e2f06f14827a96c9a54d367d83e%7C0%7C0%7C638483695425235926%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C0%7C%7C%7C&sdata=8myntXoebNb%2FZUUlG0vig5kACl1xI0%2FqaTw3jjLVNCY%3D&reserved=0\">\u003cem>Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, an independent, nonprofit news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Electric vehicles are sometimes called “zero-emission vehicles.” But the batteries that go into them are not zero-emission at all. In fact, making those batteries takes \u003ca href=\"https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-much-co2-emitted-manufacturing-batteries\">a lot of (mostly-not-clean) energy \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/electric-car-batteries-geography/\">hurts the environment in other ways\u003c/a>, a fact that’s become common knowledge after \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/partner-content-audi-nl-the-cost-of-batteries\">widespread \u003c/a>media \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2021/jan/11/the-curse-of-white-oil-electric-vehicles-dirty-secret-podcast\">coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does that environmental damage cancel out the green benefits of giving up gasoline? Or, as Jennifer Sousie, who owns a Nissan Leaf, put it: “Does the manufacturing and ultimate disposal of the batteries completely negate all the good that the no-emission aspect of my car does?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is no. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Batteries do more harm upfront — then less year after year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With all that’s required to mine and process minerals — from giant diesel trucks to fossil-fuel-powered refineries — EV battery production has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/culture/shows/the-anti-dread-climate-podcast/whats-the-downside-of-going-electric\">a significant carbon footprint\u003c/a>. As a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/comparative-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-a-mid-size-bev-and-ice-vehicle\">building an electric vehicle\u003c/a> does more damage to the climate than building a gas car does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the gas car starts to catch up as soon as it goes its first mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you look at the climate impact of building \u003cem>and using \u003c/em>a vehicle — something called a “lifecycle analysis” — \u003ca href=\"https://theicct.org/publication/a-global-comparison-of-the-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-combustion-engine-and-electric-passenger-cars/\">study \u003c/a>after \u003ca href=\"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1875764/\">study\u003c/a> has found a clear benefit to EVs. The size of the benefit varies — by vehicle, the source of the electricity it runs on, and a host of other factors — but the overall trend is obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results were clearer than we thought, actually,” says Georg Bieker, with the International Council on Clean Transportation, who authored one of those reports. (This is the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/09/24/443053672/how-a-little-lab-in-west-virginia-caught-volkswagens-big-cheat\">that busted Volkswagen\u003c/a> for cheating on its emissions tests. Holding industries accountable for whether they’re actually reducing emissions is the ICCT’s whole \u003cem>thing.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building a battery is an environmental cost that’s paid once. Burning gasoline is a cost that’s paid again, and again, and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gasoline’s environmental cost is ongoing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Several listeners asked NPR about the negative impacts of mines, beyond carbon emissions. There are several: They disrupt habitats. They pollute with runoff or other waste. And people can suffer in other ways: \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/ev-mineral-manganese-south-africa/\">worker poisonings\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/02/01/1152893248/red-cobalt-congo-drc-mining-siddharth-kara\">child labor\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lithium-water-mining-indigenous-cb2f5b1580c12f8ba1b19223648069b7\">indigenous communities’ rights violated\u003c/a> and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thea Riofrancos is a political scientist who \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/29/1152387283/the-hidden-environmental-costs-of-the-transitioning-to-electric-vehicles\">has sounded the alarm\u003c/a> about these impacts. She’s glad people are asking these questions — which she’d like to see them do for more than just EVs. “The fact that mined products are in basically everything we use should give us pause,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, she says, anybody weighing an EV versus a gas-powered car needs to think just as carefully about the other side of the equation: the cost of relying on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A traditional car needs mining every day, needs mining every time it’s used. It needs the whole extraction complex of fossil fuels in order to power it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The carbon pollution from burning gasoline and diesel in vehicles is the \u003ca href=\"https://usafacts.org/articles/what-are-the-main-sources-of-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions/\">top contributor to climate change in the U.S\u003c/a>. And there are other costs: Oil spills; funding for corrupt oil-rich regimes; the illnesses and preventable deaths caused by pollution from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add it up, she says, and if you’re concerned about all the harms from mining, you’ll still want to choose an EV over a comparable gas car.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New technology and better practices can reduce EVs’ footprint\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are several ways that manufacturing EVs could become cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public pressure and a shift toward mining in regions with stronger regulations, like the U.S. instead of China, could reduce the harms done in mines. New technology, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2024/03/11/lithium-reserves-boom-mining-elements-energy\">a mining method called “direct lithium extraction,”\u003c/a> could produce minerals with much smaller footprints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are also changing. A group called Lead the Charge is \u003ca href=\"https://leadthecharge.org/scorecards/\">evaluating automakers\u003c/a> on their efforts to clean up supply chains and source materials ethically; there’s a wide range of ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, if you want to avoid cobalt in your battery because of the horrific mining conditions, you could seek out an LFP battery, which is made \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/ev-batteries-lithium-iron-phosphate-narrows-gap-with-nickel-cobalt-2023-06-22/\">without cobalt\u003c/a> – they’re used in vehicles like the Tesla Model 3 and Ford Mach-E. In the future, batteries based on sodium might be an alternative to lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last but not least, battery minerals \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhpr.org/environment/2022-01-26/mass-startup-transforms-old-electric-car-batteries-into-better-than-new-ones\">can be recycled\u003c/a>. This won’t meaningfully reduce the need for mining until huge numbers of EVs on the road have reached the end of their lifespan. But eventually, the same molecules of lithium and nickel could be used for many generations of cars – something that can’t be said for fossil fuels. (Recycling batteries is also important because it addresses environmental concerns about the risks of throwing them out.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985790\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985790\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A platform with four wheels sits parked on the side of the road.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"731\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A battery pack and a GMC Hummer EV stand outside an event in Lansing, Mich., in 2022. Thea Riofrancos says car shoppers concerned about the environmental impacts of mining for batteries can choose a smaller EV, instead of a behemoth like a Hummer, to minimize the harms. \u003ccite>(Jeff Kowalsky/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What’s best for the planet? Smaller batteries, fewer vehicles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, for people who want to minimize their impact on the environment today, Riofrancos has some advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11980088,science_1992222,science_1991185\"]First, ask whether you need a car at all. Riofrancos is a big advocate for bikes and public transit, which have much smaller footprints than an EV. But she also knows first-hand that many parts of the U.S. are not designed for car-free living — after years as a bike commuter, she now lives in Providence, Rhode Island, where that doesn’t work. (She tried.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband recently replaced their vehicle. “I was not going to buy another car that uses gasoline, knowing what I know about the climate,” she says. “But I also have a lot of question marks about EVs, knowing what I know about EV supply chains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So after careful consideration, she bought an EV. But not just any EV. A used Chevy Bolt, which is a \u003cem>small \u003c/em>EV — smaller batteries require less mining. And since it was used, it was both more affordable and already had more than made up for the impacts of its manufacturing through the gasoline it had saved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listeners worried about battery mining impacts are asking the right questions, Riofrancos says. And the answers are more complicated than “yes” or “no” to EVs — they might include what kind of EV, what size and type of battery, and whether to buy a car at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, there’s no perfect world out there, but there is better and worse and everything in between,” Riofrancos says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Electric vehicles are sometimes called “zero-emission vehicles.” But the batteries that go into them are not zero-emission at all. In fact, making those batteries takes \u003ca href=\"https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/how-much-co2-emitted-manufacturing-batteries\">a lot of (mostly-not-clean) energy \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/electric-car-batteries-geography/\">hurts the environment in other ways\u003c/a>, a fact that’s become common knowledge after \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/partner-content-audi-nl-the-cost-of-batteries\">widespread \u003c/a>media \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/news/audio/2021/jan/11/the-curse-of-white-oil-electric-vehicles-dirty-secret-podcast\">coverage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Does that environmental damage cancel out the green benefits of giving up gasoline? Or, as Jennifer Sousie, who owns a Nissan Leaf, put it: “Does the manufacturing and ultimate disposal of the batteries completely negate all the good that the no-emission aspect of my car does?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer is no. Here’s why.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Batteries do more harm upfront — then less year after year\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With all that’s required to mine and process minerals — from giant diesel trucks to fossil-fuel-powered refineries — EV battery production has \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcrw.com/culture/shows/the-anti-dread-climate-podcast/whats-the-downside-of-going-electric\">a significant carbon footprint\u003c/a>. As a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/comparative-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-a-mid-size-bev-and-ice-vehicle\">building an electric vehicle\u003c/a> does more damage to the climate than building a gas car does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the gas car starts to catch up as soon as it goes its first mile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you look at the climate impact of building \u003cem>and using \u003c/em>a vehicle — something called a “lifecycle analysis” — \u003ca href=\"https://theicct.org/publication/a-global-comparison-of-the-life-cycle-greenhouse-gas-emissions-of-combustion-engine-and-electric-passenger-cars/\">study \u003c/a>after \u003ca href=\"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1875764/\">study\u003c/a> has found a clear benefit to EVs. The size of the benefit varies — by vehicle, the source of the electricity it runs on, and a host of other factors — but the overall trend is obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The results were clearer than we thought, actually,” says Georg Bieker, with the International Council on Clean Transportation, who authored one of those reports. (This is the group \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/09/24/443053672/how-a-little-lab-in-west-virginia-caught-volkswagens-big-cheat\">that busted Volkswagen\u003c/a> for cheating on its emissions tests. Holding industries accountable for whether they’re actually reducing emissions is the ICCT’s whole \u003cem>thing.\u003c/em>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Building a battery is an environmental cost that’s paid once. Burning gasoline is a cost that’s paid again, and again, and again.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Gasoline’s environmental cost is ongoing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Several listeners asked NPR about the negative impacts of mines, beyond carbon emissions. There are several: They disrupt habitats. They pollute with runoff or other waste. And people can suffer in other ways: \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/ev-mineral-manganese-south-africa/\">worker poisonings\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/02/01/1152893248/red-cobalt-congo-drc-mining-siddharth-kara\">child labor\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/lithium-water-mining-indigenous-cb2f5b1580c12f8ba1b19223648069b7\">indigenous communities’ rights violated\u003c/a> and more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thea Riofrancos is a political scientist who \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2023/01/29/1152387283/the-hidden-environmental-costs-of-the-transitioning-to-electric-vehicles\">has sounded the alarm\u003c/a> about these impacts. She’s glad people are asking these questions — which she’d like to see them do for more than just EVs. “The fact that mined products are in basically everything we use should give us pause,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, she says, anybody weighing an EV versus a gas-powered car needs to think just as carefully about the other side of the equation: the cost of relying on fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A traditional car needs mining every day, needs mining every time it’s used. It needs the whole extraction complex of fossil fuels in order to power it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The carbon pollution from burning gasoline and diesel in vehicles is the \u003ca href=\"https://usafacts.org/articles/what-are-the-main-sources-of-us-greenhouse-gas-emissions/\">top contributor to climate change in the U.S\u003c/a>. And there are other costs: Oil spills; funding for corrupt oil-rich regimes; the illnesses and preventable deaths caused by pollution from fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Add it up, she says, and if you’re concerned about all the harms from mining, you’ll still want to choose an EV over a comparable gas car.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New technology and better practices can reduce EVs’ footprint\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are several ways that manufacturing EVs could become cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public pressure and a shift toward mining in regions with stronger regulations, like the U.S. instead of China, could reduce the harms done in mines. New technology, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2024/03/11/lithium-reserves-boom-mining-elements-energy\">a mining method called “direct lithium extraction,”\u003c/a> could produce minerals with much smaller footprints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Batteries are also changing. A group called Lead the Charge is \u003ca href=\"https://leadthecharge.org/scorecards/\">evaluating automakers\u003c/a> on their efforts to clean up supply chains and source materials ethically; there’s a wide range of ratings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, if you want to avoid cobalt in your battery because of the horrific mining conditions, you could seek out an LFP battery, which is made \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/business/autos-transportation/ev-batteries-lithium-iron-phosphate-narrows-gap-with-nickel-cobalt-2023-06-22/\">without cobalt\u003c/a> – they’re used in vehicles like the Tesla Model 3 and Ford Mach-E. In the future, batteries based on sodium might be an alternative to lithium.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And last but not least, battery minerals \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhpr.org/environment/2022-01-26/mass-startup-transforms-old-electric-car-batteries-into-better-than-new-ones\">can be recycled\u003c/a>. This won’t meaningfully reduce the need for mining until huge numbers of EVs on the road have reached the end of their lifespan. But eventually, the same molecules of lithium and nickel could be used for many generations of cars – something that can’t be said for fossil fuels. (Recycling batteries is also important because it addresses environmental concerns about the risks of throwing them out.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11985790\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11985790\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy.jpg\" alt=\"A platform with four wheels sits parked on the side of the road.\" width=\"1300\" height=\"731\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy.jpg 1300w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2024/05/gettyimages-1237977311_wide-fc4aa98bd1e7a13368e09d93ce0698d1c795b3ad-copy-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1300px) 100vw, 1300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A battery pack and a GMC Hummer EV stand outside an event in Lansing, Mich., in 2022. Thea Riofrancos says car shoppers concerned about the environmental impacts of mining for batteries can choose a smaller EV, instead of a behemoth like a Hummer, to minimize the harms. \u003ccite>(Jeff Kowalsky/AFP via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>What’s best for the planet? Smaller batteries, fewer vehicles\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, for people who want to minimize their impact on the environment today, Riofrancos has some advice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>First, ask whether you need a car at all. Riofrancos is a big advocate for bikes and public transit, which have much smaller footprints than an EV. But she also knows first-hand that many parts of the U.S. are not designed for car-free living — after years as a bike commuter, she now lives in Providence, Rhode Island, where that doesn’t work. (She tried.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband recently replaced their vehicle. “I was not going to buy another car that uses gasoline, knowing what I know about the climate,” she says. “But I also have a lot of question marks about EVs, knowing what I know about EV supply chains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So after careful consideration, she bought an EV. But not just any EV. A used Chevy Bolt, which is a \u003cem>small \u003c/em>EV — smaller batteries require less mining. And since it was used, it was both more affordable and already had more than made up for the impacts of its manufacturing through the gasoline it had saved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listeners worried about battery mining impacts are asking the right questions, Riofrancos says. And the answers are more complicated than “yes” or “no” to EVs — they might include what kind of EV, what size and type of battery, and whether to buy a car at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, there’s no perfect world out there, but there is better and worse and everything in between,” Riofrancos says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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