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"disqusTitle": "Where's the Rain? North Bay Sees Deluge",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 12:55 p.m.:\u003c/strong> Developments on Thursday's mostly North Bay storm:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The National Weather Service has issued \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=flash%20flood%20warning\" target=\"_blank\">a flash flood warning\u003c/a> for areas along Willow Brook and Lichau Creeks, in southern Sonoma County between Petaluma and Rohnert Park.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The California-Nevada River Forecast Center says the Russian River \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/graphicalRVF.php?id=GUEC1\" target=\"_blank\">will reach flood stage\u003c/a> late Friday night and crest nearly 3 feet above flood stage late Saturday morning.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Rainfall totals reflect the dramatic disparity in precipitation, with locations in the North Bay getting steady rain with occasional downpours since just after 3 a.m. and areas south of San Francisco and throughout the East Bay getting virtually nothing. Here's what rain gauges showed through 1 p.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003cth>Rain Location\u003c/th>\n\u003cth>Rain total (in.)\u003c/th>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Venado (Sonoma County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.56\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Whispering Pines (Lake County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.12\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Santa Rosa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.89\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Mount Tamalpais Middle Peak\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.8\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Boggs Mountain (Lake County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.77\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Mount Saint Helena\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.69\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Lake Sonoma Rec. Area\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.67\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Cloverdale\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.52\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Dillon Beach\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.50\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Santa Rosa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.35\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>St. Helena\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.24\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Point Reyes Station\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.18\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Angwin (Napa County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.16\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Petaluma - D St.\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.83\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Mill Valley\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.74\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Petaluma Airport\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.67\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Yountville\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.66\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Novato Library\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.59\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Lake Hennessey (Napa County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.55\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Napa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.44\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Richmond\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.28\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Francisco\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.08\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Rodeo\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.05\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Mount Diablo Peak\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.01\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Vacaville\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.01\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> We've been hearing for several days about how the Bay Area is about to be walloped with another round of heavy rain on the last two days of our workweek. The storm would be fed by an atmospheric river of moisture flowing from Hawaii and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday dawned bright and beautiful in most of the region south of the Golden Gate. Where's the rain?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in northern Sonoma County, you know the answer: The atmospheric river is in place, and rain began falling in the predawn hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venado, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5092497-181/sonoma-county-community-of-venado?artslide=0\" target=\"_blank\">the superwet location\u003c/a> in the Russian River watershed west of Healdsburg, recorded 2.48 inches of rain in the seven hours that ended at 8 a.m. Santa Rosa is seeing heavy rain, too, with 1.20 inches falling by 8 a.m. at Charles M. Schulz-Sonoma County Airport just north of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Bay downpours will feed a rapid rise on the Russian River, which is forecast to reach flood stage at Guerneville late Friday night and crest about 3 feet above flood stage late Saturday morning. Inundation is forecast for some areas of Guerneville and nearby Rio Nido.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther south, very little rain has been recorded from the Thursday storm -- yet. The Middle Peak weather station atop Mount Tamalpais, generally a fabulously wet spot, has gotten just a hundredth of an inch -- .01 -- as of 8 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And from San Francisco south -- nada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather models are showing that steady rain could be falling in San Francisco by 9 a.m. -- with a rather showery pattern for the rest of the day and into the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of San Francisco NOAA's High-Resolution Rapid Response models suggest a big disparity in rainfall from Marin and Sonoma counties, where most locations are forecast to receive 1 to 2 inches by this evening, to San Francisco, Contra Costa and northern Alameda County -- .25 to .50 of an inch -- to the South Bay, where San Jose is forecast to get a few hundredths of an inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More abundant rain is forecast for the entire Bay Area, including the Santa Cruz Mountains, before the storm system exits Friday evening.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Storm fed by an atmospheric river of subtropical moisture dumps rain on the North Bay, fueling a surge on the Russian River. But the rest of the region is dry -- so far. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 12:55 p.m.:\u003c/strong> Developments on Thursday's mostly North Bay storm:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The National Weather Service has issued \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=flash%20flood%20warning\" target=\"_blank\">a flash flood warning\u003c/a> for areas along Willow Brook and Lichau Creeks, in southern Sonoma County between Petaluma and Rohnert Park.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The California-Nevada River Forecast Center says the Russian River \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/graphicalRVF.php?id=GUEC1\" target=\"_blank\">will reach flood stage\u003c/a> late Friday night and crest nearly 3 feet above flood stage late Saturday morning.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Rainfall totals reflect the dramatic disparity in precipitation, with locations in the North Bay getting steady rain with occasional downpours since just after 3 a.m. and areas south of San Francisco and throughout the East Bay getting virtually nothing. Here's what rain gauges showed through 1 p.m. Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003ctable>\n\u003ctbody>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003cth>Rain Location\u003c/th>\n\u003cth>Rain total (in.)\u003c/th>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Venado (Sonoma County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>3.56\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Whispering Pines (Lake County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>2.12\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Santa Rosa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.89\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Mount Tamalpais Middle Peak\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.8\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Boggs Mountain (Lake County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.77\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Mount Saint Helena\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.69\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Lake Sonoma Rec. Area\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.67\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Cloverdale\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.52\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Dillon Beach\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.50\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Santa Rosa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.35\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>St. Helena\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.24\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Point Reyes Station\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.18\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Angwin (Napa County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>1.16\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Petaluma - D St.\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.83\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Mill Valley\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.74\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Petaluma Airport\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.67\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Yountville\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.66\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Novato Library\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.59\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Lake Hennessey (Napa County)\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.55\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Napa\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.44\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Richmond\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.28\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>San Francisco\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.08\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Rodeo\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.05\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Mount Diablo Peak\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.01\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003ctr>\n\u003ctd>Vacaville\u003c/td>\n\u003ctd>0.01\u003c/td>\n\u003c/tr>\n\u003c/tbody>\n\u003c/table>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> We've been hearing for several days about how the Bay Area is about to be walloped with another round of heavy rain on the last two days of our workweek. The storm would be fed by an atmospheric river of moisture flowing from Hawaii and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday dawned bright and beautiful in most of the region south of the Golden Gate. Where's the rain?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you live in northern Sonoma County, you know the answer: The atmospheric river is in place, and rain began falling in the predawn hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Venado, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5092497-181/sonoma-county-community-of-venado?artslide=0\" target=\"_blank\">the superwet location\u003c/a> in the Russian River watershed west of Healdsburg, recorded 2.48 inches of rain in the seven hours that ended at 8 a.m. Santa Rosa is seeing heavy rain, too, with 1.20 inches falling by 8 a.m. at Charles M. Schulz-Sonoma County Airport just north of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The North Bay downpours will feed a rapid rise on the Russian River, which is forecast to reach flood stage at Guerneville late Friday night and crest about 3 feet above flood stage late Saturday morning. Inundation is forecast for some areas of Guerneville and nearby Rio Nido.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farther south, very little rain has been recorded from the Thursday storm -- yet. The Middle Peak weather station atop Mount Tamalpais, generally a fabulously wet spot, has gotten just a hundredth of an inch -- .01 -- as of 8 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And from San Francisco south -- nada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weather models are showing that steady rain could be falling in San Francisco by 9 a.m. -- with a rather showery pattern for the rest of the day and into the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of San Francisco NOAA's High-Resolution Rapid Response models suggest a big disparity in rainfall from Marin and Sonoma counties, where most locations are forecast to receive 1 to 2 inches by this evening, to San Francisco, Contra Costa and northern Alameda County -- .25 to .50 of an inch -- to the South Bay, where San Jose is forecast to get a few hundredths of an inch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More abundant rain is forecast for the entire Bay Area, including the Santa Cruz Mountains, before the storm system exits Friday evening.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Does Oakland Turn Food Scraps to Soil?",
"title": "How Does Oakland Turn Food Scraps to Soil?",
"headTitle": "Bay Curious | News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>As part of our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we are answering questions from KQED listeners and readers. This one comes from Maggie Glaize.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap] remember the first time I was confronted by an ominous set of black, blue and green bins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve all been there, looking down at our to-go salad container and realizing in horror that we have no idea which colorful bin is meant to receive the remains of our lunch. If you've been tempted to bypass the green bin for the landfill and recycling options, you're not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But composting is not just a suggested earth-friendly activity; it's actually \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/S-F-OKs-toughest-recycling-law-in-U-S-3295664.php\" target=\"_blank\">mandatory in some cities\u003c/a>. For good reason -- nobody wants to add to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/smm/advancing-sustainable-materials-management-facts-and-figures\" target=\"_blank\">167 million tons of garbage\u003c/a> Americans produce each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2015, Oakland \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2015/06/26/oaklands-new-recycling-program-offers-expanded-composting-bulky-pickup-services\" target=\"_blank\">began requiring all residences to have compost bins\u003c/a> and contracted Texas-based Waste Management to manage the compost program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In light of compost’s rising popularity, Bay Curious reader Maggie Glaize wanted to know, “Where does all of that compost end up?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I arrived at Waste Management’s East Oakland headquarters at 5 a.m. on a recent Wednesday, searching for an answer to Maggie’s question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of collection trucks line the parking lot surrounding the Waste Management building while boisterous truck operators, clutching coffee and energy drinks, crowd into the office to pick up their route assignments for the day. By 5:30 a.m., I’m riding shotgun in a collection truck with Amanuel Yemane, a seasoned truck operator and my guide for the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yemane quickly gives me a terminology lesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compost” is the final product in the process of composting. It’s the nutrient-rich soil you buy when you finally plant that urban garden on your fire escape you’ve been dreaming of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Green waste,” Yemane says, is the stuff in your compost bin (like food scraps, leaves and coffee grounds). Green waste may one day become compost, but only if it undergoes an important decomposition process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10889757 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01.jpg\" alt=\"Green waste includes branches, paper, food scraps and every other product that has been alive in your lifetime.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"940\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01-400x235.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01-800x470.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01-960x564.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Green waste includes branches, paper, food scraps and every other product that has been alive in your lifetime. \u003ccite>(Lucas Waldron/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The biggest problem with collecting green waste, Yemane explains, is that a lot of people don’t know what is compostable. People often put their green waste inside plastic bags, which cannot be broken down into compost. In fact, later in the process, plastic bags become a huge nuisance for composters -- but we’ll get to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge in the collection process: Some green waste is truly gnarly. Occasionally, Yemane will try to empty a green bin on his route, but the food scraps inside will be so congealed and tightly packed that they won’t shake out. Those bins, which often smell particularly foul, are left on the curb for their owner to face.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Quick tip\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you put a lot of mushy food scraps in your green bin, try mixing scrap paper in with your green waste. The contents of your shredder, old receipts and post-its all make for great odor and moisture absorption within your bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After a full morning of green waste collection, truck operators drive to the Davis Street Transfer Station in San Leandro and dump the day’s haul, anywhere from 2 to 6 tons of green waste, onto a huge concrete platform. All of the green waste is loaded into much larger trucks, called transfer trucks, and carted off to Redwood Landfill 45 miles away in Novato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magic (and chemistry!) really start at the landfill, which despite its name is primarily a composting facility. When the transfer trucks arrive, they dump all the green waste onto an asphalt pad that's larger than a football field. Asphalt doesn't absorb water, which is critical, because compost piles need a lot of water to effectively decompose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next the green waste is passed through a machine that grinds the materials into smaller bits. Now the green waste is starting to look more like dirt or soil, and less like a heaping pile of leaves, Christmas trees, melon rinds, coffee cups and mysterious lumps of someone's unfinished dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is where the plastic bags come back to haunt us. When a plastic bag is mixed with green waste, the grinder spits out tiny pieces of plastic that can pollute the air, be accidentally eaten by birds, and otherwise wreak havoc on the environment. So if you take one thing away from this article, remember: No plastic bags in the green bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The freshly ground materials are then arranged into compost piles, officially called \"Covered Aerated Static Piles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889755\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10889755 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03.jpg\" alt=\"Compost piles may sit for three to four months as microorganisms inside the piles decompose the green waste.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03-400x242.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03-800x484.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03-1180x713.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03-960x580.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compost piles may sit for three to four months, as microorganisms inside the piles decompose the green waste. \u003ccite>(Lucas Waldron/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A network of pipes pumps air through the pile, keeping alive the microorganisms that decompose the waste. As they eat, these microorganisms create heat, stimulating other thermophilic (heat-loving) microorganisms to come out to bask in the abundance of decomposing green waste. The ceaseless appetite of these microorganisms governs the entire composting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alisha McCutcheon, the technical manager at Redwood Landfill, monitors the temperature inside the piles with thermometers she can control from her office several hundred yards away. This phase of composting takes three to four weeks. and the pile's temperature must reach 131 degrees Fahrenheit for three of those days to ensure harmful pathogens, like fly larvae and weed seeds, are killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/05/what-happens-to-san-franciscos-recycling-once-it-leaves-the-curb\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Wall-of-aluminum_star.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\n\u003ch2>What Happens to San Francisco’s Recycling Once It Leaves the Curb?\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Good bacteria,\" like the microbes that break down fats and proteins, can survive in the warmer temperatures and will continue to help facilitate decomposition throughout the composting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, the compost pile spends two to three months \"curing,\" or cooling down. The curing phase allows fungus to start growing and other \"good bacteria\" to circulate within the pile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About four months after the green waste left your curb, the compost pile is ready for its final processing. The compost is sifted through a screening machine, which finely combs the material to 3/8 of an inch. Any remaining contaminants, like plastic bits, are removed during this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"c7jXhY8QNQaeIsTkhIZYivPu76eGHOQq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final output is perfectly cured, finely filtered compost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after all of that, I still didn't really answer Maggie's question: Where does the compost actually end up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, the compost ends up in more places than you might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone can go to the Redwood Landfill and purchase bags of compost. Landscaping centers, vineyards and farms all buy the nutrient-rich compost in bulk. Some compost is donated back to the community through community farming programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Jewell, the recycling program manager at one of Waste Management’s facilities, says the compost produced in the Bay Area largely stays here, circulating back into the economy through the agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In essence, the compost ends up in those vegetables you bought at the farmers market, the glass(es) of wine you drank when your grandmother came into town and wanted to \"experience Napa\" and, possibly, in the urban garden you eventually plant on your fire escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want KQED’s Bay Curious team to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">Ask!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>As part of our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we are answering questions from KQED listeners and readers. This one comes from Maggie Glaize.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp> remember the first time I was confronted by an ominous set of black, blue and green bins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve all been there, looking down at our to-go salad container and realizing in horror that we have no idea which colorful bin is meant to receive the remains of our lunch. If you've been tempted to bypass the green bin for the landfill and recycling options, you're not alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But composting is not just a suggested earth-friendly activity; it's actually \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/green/article/S-F-OKs-toughest-recycling-law-in-U-S-3295664.php\" target=\"_blank\">mandatory in some cities\u003c/a>. For good reason -- nobody wants to add to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/smm/advancing-sustainable-materials-management-facts-and-figures\" target=\"_blank\">167 million tons of garbage\u003c/a> Americans produce each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In July 2015, Oakland \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2015/06/26/oaklands-new-recycling-program-offers-expanded-composting-bulky-pickup-services\" target=\"_blank\">began requiring all residences to have compost bins\u003c/a> and contracted Texas-based Waste Management to manage the compost program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In light of compost’s rising popularity, Bay Curious reader Maggie Glaize wanted to know, “Where does all of that compost end up?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I arrived at Waste Management’s East Oakland headquarters at 5 a.m. on a recent Wednesday, searching for an answer to Maggie’s question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dozens of collection trucks line the parking lot surrounding the Waste Management building while boisterous truck operators, clutching coffee and energy drinks, crowd into the office to pick up their route assignments for the day. By 5:30 a.m., I’m riding shotgun in a collection truck with Amanuel Yemane, a seasoned truck operator and my guide for the morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yemane quickly gives me a terminology lesson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Compost” is the final product in the process of composting. It’s the nutrient-rich soil you buy when you finally plant that urban garden on your fire escape you’ve been dreaming of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Green waste,” Yemane says, is the stuff in your compost bin (like food scraps, leaves and coffee grounds). Green waste may one day become compost, but only if it undergoes an important decomposition process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889757\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10889757 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01.jpg\" alt=\"Green waste includes branches, paper, food scraps and every other product that has been alive in your lifetime.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"940\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01-400x235.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01-800x470.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01-1180x693.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-01-960x564.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Green waste includes branches, paper, food scraps and every other product that has been alive in your lifetime. \u003ccite>(Lucas Waldron/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The biggest problem with collecting green waste, Yemane explains, is that a lot of people don’t know what is compostable. People often put their green waste inside plastic bags, which cannot be broken down into compost. In fact, later in the process, plastic bags become a huge nuisance for composters -- but we’ll get to that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another challenge in the collection process: Some green waste is truly gnarly. Occasionally, Yemane will try to empty a green bin on his route, but the food scraps inside will be so congealed and tightly packed that they won’t shake out. Those bins, which often smell particularly foul, are left on the curb for their owner to face.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Quick tip\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>If you put a lot of mushy food scraps in your green bin, try mixing scrap paper in with your green waste. The contents of your shredder, old receipts and post-its all make for great odor and moisture absorption within your bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>After a full morning of green waste collection, truck operators drive to the Davis Street Transfer Station in San Leandro and dump the day’s haul, anywhere from 2 to 6 tons of green waste, onto a huge concrete platform. All of the green waste is loaded into much larger trucks, called transfer trucks, and carted off to Redwood Landfill 45 miles away in Novato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Magic (and chemistry!) really start at the landfill, which despite its name is primarily a composting facility. When the transfer trucks arrive, they dump all the green waste onto an asphalt pad that's larger than a football field. Asphalt doesn't absorb water, which is critical, because compost piles need a lot of water to effectively decompose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next the green waste is passed through a machine that grinds the materials into smaller bits. Now the green waste is starting to look more like dirt or soil, and less like a heaping pile of leaves, Christmas trees, melon rinds, coffee cups and mysterious lumps of someone's unfinished dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is where the plastic bags come back to haunt us. When a plastic bag is mixed with green waste, the grinder spits out tiny pieces of plastic that can pollute the air, be accidentally eaten by birds, and otherwise wreak havoc on the environment. So if you take one thing away from this article, remember: No plastic bags in the green bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The freshly ground materials are then arranged into compost piles, officially called \"Covered Aerated Static Piles.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889755\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10889755 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03.jpg\" alt=\"Compost piles may sit for three to four months as microorganisms inside the piles decompose the green waste.\" width=\"1600\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03-400x242.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03-800x484.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03-1180x713.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/compost-03-960x580.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compost piles may sit for three to four months, as microorganisms inside the piles decompose the green waste. \u003ccite>(Lucas Waldron/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A network of pipes pumps air through the pile, keeping alive the microorganisms that decompose the waste. As they eat, these microorganisms create heat, stimulating other thermophilic (heat-loving) microorganisms to come out to bask in the abundance of decomposing green waste. The ceaseless appetite of these microorganisms governs the entire composting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alisha McCutcheon, the technical manager at Redwood Landfill, monitors the temperature inside the piles with thermometers she can control from her office several hundred yards away. This phase of composting takes three to four weeks. and the pile's temperature must reach 131 degrees Fahrenheit for three of those days to ensure harmful pathogens, like fly larvae and weed seeds, are killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/05/what-happens-to-san-franciscos-recycling-once-it-leaves-the-curb\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/Wall-of-aluminum_star.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\n\u003ch2>What Happens to San Francisco’s Recycling Once It Leaves the Curb?\u003c/h2>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"Good bacteria,\" like the microbes that break down fats and proteins, can survive in the warmer temperatures and will continue to help facilitate decomposition throughout the composting process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next, the compost pile spends two to three months \"curing,\" or cooling down. The curing phase allows fungus to start growing and other \"good bacteria\" to circulate within the pile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About four months after the green waste left your curb, the compost pile is ready for its final processing. The compost is sifted through a screening machine, which finely combs the material to 3/8 of an inch. Any remaining contaminants, like plastic bits, are removed during this process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The final output is perfectly cured, finely filtered compost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after all of that, I still didn't really answer Maggie's question: Where does the compost actually end up?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turns out, the compost ends up in more places than you might think.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anyone can go to the Redwood Landfill and purchase bags of compost. Landscaping centers, vineyards and farms all buy the nutrient-rich compost in bulk. Some compost is donated back to the community through community farming programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rebecca Jewell, the recycling program manager at one of Waste Management’s facilities, says the compost produced in the Bay Area largely stays here, circulating back into the economy through the agriculture industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In essence, the compost ends up in those vegetables you bought at the farmers market, the glass(es) of wine you drank when your grandmother came into town and wanted to \"experience Napa\" and, possibly, in the urban garden you eventually plant on your fire escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want KQED’s Bay Curious team to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\">Ask!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "CPUC Head Suggests Agency Needs Fewer Responsibilities",
"title": "CPUC Head Suggests Agency Needs Fewer Responsibilities",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission oversees areas from energy to telecommunications. Commission President Michael Picker told the state Assembly Utilities and Commerce Committee on Tuesday that he has begun to question how much the CPUC should be in charge of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should things that are largely ministerial, like cable registration, should that be done by the Department of Consumer Affairs?\" he asks. \"Should TNC (transportation network companies) and limousine regulation be done by the Department of Motor Vehicles and the CHP?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picker was named president of the commission just over a year ago. He admitted to lawmakers his promise to change the agency’s culture has been slow going. And he acknowledged he was having a hard time keeping abreast of current legislation related to the CPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am so underwater on a daily basis,\" he said. Picker said he was focused on managing the commission during his first year as president. He says this coming year he'll work on engaging with the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He might have a lot of work to do. Several legislative attempts to reform the CPUC \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/17/questions-over-jerry-brown-commitment-to-CPUC-reform\" target=\"_blank\">have been blocked\u003c/a>. And lawmakers at the hearing at times appeared frustrated with Picker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Mike Gatto of Los Angeles chairs the utilities committee. He said events like the recent Porter Ranch gas leak create concern about the way the agency is run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the Legislature and the people of the state of California are a little bit disappointed with the way that safety has been approached,\" he said. \"We've had too many high-profile incidents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gatto has authored legislation that would \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201602090900\" target=\"_blank\">restructure the CPUC\u003c/a> and reassign some of its oversight to other state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission oversees areas from energy to telecommunications. Commission President Michael Picker told the state Assembly Utilities and Commerce Committee on Tuesday that he has begun to question how much the CPUC should be in charge of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Should things that are largely ministerial, like cable registration, should that be done by the Department of Consumer Affairs?\" he asks. \"Should TNC (transportation network companies) and limousine regulation be done by the Department of Motor Vehicles and the CHP?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Picker was named president of the commission just over a year ago. He admitted to lawmakers his promise to change the agency’s culture has been slow going. And he acknowledged he was having a hard time keeping abreast of current legislation related to the CPUC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am so underwater on a daily basis,\" he said. Picker said he was focused on managing the commission during his first year as president. He says this coming year he'll work on engaging with the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He might have a lot of work to do. Several legislative attempts to reform the CPUC \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/17/questions-over-jerry-brown-commitment-to-CPUC-reform\" target=\"_blank\">have been blocked\u003c/a>. And lawmakers at the hearing at times appeared frustrated with Picker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Assemblyman Mike Gatto of Los Angeles chairs the utilities committee. He said events like the recent Porter Ranch gas leak create concern about the way the agency is run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think the Legislature and the people of the state of California are a little bit disappointed with the way that safety has been approached,\" he said. \"We've had too many high-profile incidents.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gatto has authored legislation that would \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201602090900\" target=\"_blank\">restructure the CPUC\u003c/a> and reassign some of its oversight to other state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "National Parks Have a Long To-Do List But Can't Cover the Repair Costs",
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"content": "\u003cp>Driving through the gold-brown savanna of Joshua Tree National Park, past its Dr. Seuss-like trees and water-carved rocks, it's easy to see why the national parks have been called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/americasbestidea/\" target=\"_blank\">America's Best Idea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend a few hours with some of the park's employees, like Cultural Resources Branch Chief Jason Theuer, and you'll see that national parks are also another thing: expensive. There is a nearly $12 billion maintenance backlog of work that needs be done but isn't because of limited money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theuer's job is to preserve and maintain some of the historical structures here -- sites like Keys Ranch, the sprawling high-desert homestead deep in Joshua Tree's interior. The ranch's schoolhouse, which is about 80 years old, looks like it was cobbled together with salvaged materials. There are no studs keeping the walls straight and upright, so now there's as much light pouring in through the warped wooden-plank walls as there is through the windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We came in and added all of these supports here,\" Theuer says, pointing to a beefy frame built up against the building's interior. Without it, it's hard to imagine the building standing up to a good sneeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10889498\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"There are more than 150 historical structures at Joshua Tree National Park, like this schoolhouse at Keys Ranch. Jason Theuer's job is to decide which ones to protect and preserve, based on the available resources, and then do just that. He says it feels like being an ambulance driver.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are more than 150 historical structures at Joshua Tree National Park, like this schoolhouse at Keys Ranch. Jason Theuer's job is to decide which ones to protect and preserve, based on the available resources, and then do just that. He says it feels like being an ambulance driver. \u003ccite>(Nathan Rott/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The wooden frame and the expertise to install it were expensive, Theuer says. To keep buildings like this standing and to keep them as historically accurate as possible requires structural and architectural analyses, historical preservationists and period experts as well as raw materials and construction crews. In total, Theuer estimates the annual cost of keeping this schoolhouse standing is $35,000 to $40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The schoolhouse is one of a number of structures at Keys Ranch. There's a two-story house, a guesthouse, a work shed, a windmill, tractors and wagons — all of which need upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much does it cost to maintain and preserve Keys Ranch for visitors? It's hard to say exactly — and it really doesn't matter, Theuer says, \"because that money doesn't exist in the National Park Service.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expanding Backlog\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Tree National Park is so expensive to maintain that for years the park's management has had to put off big projects because it hasn't had the money to take them on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here at Joshua Tree, we have about $60 million in backlog maintenance,\" says David Smith, the park's superintendent. \"And to put that in perspective, our annual operating budget at this park is a little over $6 million.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I need about twice as much money as I currently get to address our maintenance backlog.'\u003ccite>Jon Jarvis, National Park Service director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Entrance fees and donations from local groups bring in millions of dollars more, but Smith says it's nowhere near what's needed to start chipping away at that backlog. And the longer it takes to address some of those issues, the more expensive they're going to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roads are a big part of that backlog. Many of the park's roads were built almost a century ago when the area was still being drilled and mined for gold. \"Now we have bus-size RVs and SUVs driving on them. It tears them up,\" Smith says. Given time, a crack in a road can become a pothole, and potholes can lead to washed-out roads during the next flash flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a homeowner, you take care of your house,\" Smith says. You clean out the gutters and maintain the pipes. \"If you don't take care of your house, it falls apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the visitor center at the south end of the park, which sees tens of thousands of tourists a year. It's a double-wide trailer, which sits on top of a fault line and isn't properly fitted. \"The fault goes right under my office,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the fact that despite having a record 2 million visitors last year, Joshua Tree didn't have the money to hire more rangers, janitors or emergency rescuers to help them out. \"I was just listening to the radio, and we have volunteers responding to an incident at a high point in the park because we don't have staff to respond to that incident,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The net result, Smith says, is that \"we don't have enough money to provide the level of service the public expects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Need About Twice As Much Money'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Tree National Park, like most of the 409 areas managed by the National Park Service, gets the bulk of its money from Congress. It's appropriated year by year, and in recent years usually comes to about $3 billion annually. Entrance fees, philanthropy and concession sales bring in more money to the park system, but National Park Service Director Jon Jarvis says it's not enough. That much money may have covered the tab for the park system years ago, but not anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/466461595/469606459\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the money's tight, some jobs don't get done — and those jobs start to pile up. Today, the total backlog of needed maintenance at U.S. national parks is $11.9 billion. That backlog includes $500 million in needed repairs at Yosemite National Park, $100 million of which is considered critical. Grand Canyon National Park needs $330 million, due largely to outstanding wastewater and water system upgrades. The Blue Ridge Parkway, which saw a record 15 million visitors last year, needs $478 million to help address the wear and tear from all of those drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I need about twice as much money as I currently get to address our maintenance backlog,\" Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's hopeful that Congress will hear his plight and appropriate more money to the National Park Service, pointing out that the new five-year highway transportation bill includes $1.4 billion for roads and bridges in national parks and that President Obama is asking Congress to appropriate more money, using the Park Service's centennial as a reason. That highway money won't come close to addressing the need, though, and Obama's proposals have been met with resistance, leading people like Holly Fretwell, a research fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center and an economics professor at Montana State University, to say that people need to be realistic about the funding situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889510\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10889510\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The office of Joshua Tree National Park Superintendent David Smith sits on an active fault line. The building hasn't been retrofitted for seismic activity, though, because there's no money for it. "There are higher priorities," Smith says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The office of Joshua Tree National Park Superintendent David Smith sits on an active fault line. The building hasn't been retrofitted for seismic activity, though, because there's no money for it. \"There are higher priorities,\" Smith says. \u003ccite>(Nathan Rott/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There's no way that Congress is going to appropriate enough funding to make up this total deferred maintenance backlog,\" she says. They don't have an additional $3 billion to give, she says, and the national parks aren't that big of a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says the current and traditional system of funding the national parks is broken. \"We have to do something different,\" Fretwell says. \"There's no question, because we are losing the quality of our national parks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Funding For The Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell has a few ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is to limit the expansion of the National Park Service. It's not popular with those who want to see more areas protected and preserved, but Fretwell says it doesn't make sense for the Park Service to bring in more sites and areas when it can't maintain what it already has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expansions are \"thinning the blood\" of the park system, says James Ridenour, a former director of the National Park Service, because they take needed funds away from some parks and distribute them to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says another idea is to look more seriously at \u003ca href=\"http://www.leadingwithconservation.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/CLC_III-Gilroy_Kenny_Morris_1.3.13.pdf\">public-private partnerships\u003c/a>, where the Park Service still owns the land and sets the rules but a private company or entrepreneur runs the day-to-day operations. \"They are a firm, they are a business, they generate profits, and their goal is to manage for a good-quality product like a firm somewhere else,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Arizona's state parks are managed by a private company called Recreation Resource Management. Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in Kansas is owned by the National Park Service but jointly managed and funded by the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Fretwell says she knows that people are uncomfortable with the idea of a private company running the national parks. She hears it from her own friends: \u003cem>It's going to turn into Disneyland.\u003c/em> \u003cem>They're going to charge us $1,000 a day.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says that wouldn't be the case, because the National Park Service would still set the rules and because putting a roller coaster in Yellowstone National Park wouldn't be good business. That's not why millions of people visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a perfect solution to the funding issue, Fretwell says, but it's unlikely that a cure-all solution exists. It'll likely be a mix of appropriations, fees, endowments, sponsorships and public-private partnerships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Driving through the gold-brown savanna of Joshua Tree National Park, past its Dr. Seuss-like trees and water-carved rocks, it's easy to see why the national parks have been called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/americasbestidea/\" target=\"_blank\">America's Best Idea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend a few hours with some of the park's employees, like Cultural Resources Branch Chief Jason Theuer, and you'll see that national parks are also another thing: expensive. There is a nearly $12 billion maintenance backlog of work that needs be done but isn't because of limited money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theuer's job is to preserve and maintain some of the historical structures here -- sites like Keys Ranch, the sprawling high-desert homestead deep in Joshua Tree's interior. The ranch's schoolhouse, which is about 80 years old, looks like it was cobbled together with salvaged materials. There are no studs keeping the walls straight and upright, so now there's as much light pouring in through the warped wooden-plank walls as there is through the windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We came in and added all of these supports here,\" Theuer says, pointing to a beefy frame built up against the building's interior. Without it, it's hard to imagine the building standing up to a good sneeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10889498\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"There are more than 150 historical structures at Joshua Tree National Park, like this schoolhouse at Keys Ranch. Jason Theuer's job is to decide which ones to protect and preserve, based on the available resources, and then do just that. He says it feels like being an ambulance driver.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are more than 150 historical structures at Joshua Tree National Park, like this schoolhouse at Keys Ranch. Jason Theuer's job is to decide which ones to protect and preserve, based on the available resources, and then do just that. He says it feels like being an ambulance driver. \u003ccite>(Nathan Rott/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The wooden frame and the expertise to install it were expensive, Theuer says. To keep buildings like this standing and to keep them as historically accurate as possible requires structural and architectural analyses, historical preservationists and period experts as well as raw materials and construction crews. In total, Theuer estimates the annual cost of keeping this schoolhouse standing is $35,000 to $40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The schoolhouse is one of a number of structures at Keys Ranch. There's a two-story house, a guesthouse, a work shed, a windmill, tractors and wagons — all of which need upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much does it cost to maintain and preserve Keys Ranch for visitors? It's hard to say exactly — and it really doesn't matter, Theuer says, \"because that money doesn't exist in the National Park Service.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expanding Backlog\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Tree National Park is so expensive to maintain that for years the park's management has had to put off big projects because it hasn't had the money to take them on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here at Joshua Tree, we have about $60 million in backlog maintenance,\" says David Smith, the park's superintendent. \"And to put that in perspective, our annual operating budget at this park is a little over $6 million.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I need about twice as much money as I currently get to address our maintenance backlog.'\u003ccite>Jon Jarvis, National Park Service director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Entrance fees and donations from local groups bring in millions of dollars more, but Smith says it's nowhere near what's needed to start chipping away at that backlog. And the longer it takes to address some of those issues, the more expensive they're going to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roads are a big part of that backlog. Many of the park's roads were built almost a century ago when the area was still being drilled and mined for gold. \"Now we have bus-size RVs and SUVs driving on them. It tears them up,\" Smith says. Given time, a crack in a road can become a pothole, and potholes can lead to washed-out roads during the next flash flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a homeowner, you take care of your house,\" Smith says. You clean out the gutters and maintain the pipes. \"If you don't take care of your house, it falls apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the visitor center at the south end of the park, which sees tens of thousands of tourists a year. It's a double-wide trailer, which sits on top of a fault line and isn't properly fitted. \"The fault goes right under my office,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the fact that despite having a record 2 million visitors last year, Joshua Tree didn't have the money to hire more rangers, janitors or emergency rescuers to help them out. \"I was just listening to the radio, and we have volunteers responding to an incident at a high point in the park because we don't have staff to respond to that incident,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The net result, Smith says, is that \"we don't have enough money to provide the level of service the public expects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Need About Twice As Much Money'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Tree National Park, like most of the 409 areas managed by the National Park Service, gets the bulk of its money from Congress. It's appropriated year by year, and in recent years usually comes to about $3 billion annually. Entrance fees, philanthropy and concession sales bring in more money to the park system, but National Park Service Director Jon Jarvis says it's not enough. That much money may have covered the tab for the park system years ago, but not anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/466461595/469606459\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the money's tight, some jobs don't get done — and those jobs start to pile up. Today, the total backlog of needed maintenance at U.S. national parks is $11.9 billion. That backlog includes $500 million in needed repairs at Yosemite National Park, $100 million of which is considered critical. Grand Canyon National Park needs $330 million, due largely to outstanding wastewater and water system upgrades. The Blue Ridge Parkway, which saw a record 15 million visitors last year, needs $478 million to help address the wear and tear from all of those drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I need about twice as much money as I currently get to address our maintenance backlog,\" Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's hopeful that Congress will hear his plight and appropriate more money to the National Park Service, pointing out that the new five-year highway transportation bill includes $1.4 billion for roads and bridges in national parks and that President Obama is asking Congress to appropriate more money, using the Park Service's centennial as a reason. That highway money won't come close to addressing the need, though, and Obama's proposals have been met with resistance, leading people like Holly Fretwell, a research fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center and an economics professor at Montana State University, to say that people need to be realistic about the funding situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889510\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10889510\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The office of Joshua Tree National Park Superintendent David Smith sits on an active fault line. The building hasn't been retrofitted for seismic activity, though, because there's no money for it. "There are higher priorities," Smith says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The office of Joshua Tree National Park Superintendent David Smith sits on an active fault line. The building hasn't been retrofitted for seismic activity, though, because there's no money for it. \"There are higher priorities,\" Smith says. \u003ccite>(Nathan Rott/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There's no way that Congress is going to appropriate enough funding to make up this total deferred maintenance backlog,\" she says. They don't have an additional $3 billion to give, she says, and the national parks aren't that big of a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says the current and traditional system of funding the national parks is broken. \"We have to do something different,\" Fretwell says. \"There's no question, because we are losing the quality of our national parks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Funding For The Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell has a few ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is to limit the expansion of the National Park Service. It's not popular with those who want to see more areas protected and preserved, but Fretwell says it doesn't make sense for the Park Service to bring in more sites and areas when it can't maintain what it already has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expansions are \"thinning the blood\" of the park system, says James Ridenour, a former director of the National Park Service, because they take needed funds away from some parks and distribute them to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says another idea is to look more seriously at \u003ca href=\"http://www.leadingwithconservation.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/CLC_III-Gilroy_Kenny_Morris_1.3.13.pdf\">public-private partnerships\u003c/a>, where the Park Service still owns the land and sets the rules but a private company or entrepreneur runs the day-to-day operations. \"They are a firm, they are a business, they generate profits, and their goal is to manage for a good-quality product like a firm somewhere else,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Arizona's state parks are managed by a private company called Recreation Resource Management. Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in Kansas is owned by the National Park Service but jointly managed and funded by the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Fretwell says she knows that people are uncomfortable with the idea of a private company running the national parks. She hears it from her own friends: \u003cem>It's going to turn into Disneyland.\u003c/em> \u003cem>They're going to charge us $1,000 a day.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says that wouldn't be the case, because the National Park Service would still set the rules and because putting a roller coaster in Yellowstone National Park wouldn't be good business. That's not why millions of people visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a perfect solution to the funding issue, Fretwell says, but it's unlikely that a cure-all solution exists. It'll likely be a mix of appropriations, fees, endowments, sponsorships and public-private partnerships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If rainfall were a competition, a place that few of us can pronounce would be the winner in the Bay Area Weekend-Plus Precipitation Sweepstakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Umunhum, a peak variously reported at 3,486 and 3,488 feet in the Santa Cruz Mountains south of San Jose, got 10.89 inches of rain between 6 a.m. Thursday and 6 a.m. Monday. It's pronounced UM-un-um, by the way. Though if you want to explore the matter a little more deeply, see Gudde's \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=M-22djGNuhwC&lpg=PR6&ots=-MNG0FVKIP&dq=california%20place%20names%20a%20geographical%20dictionary%20%22umunhum%22&pg=SL3-PA350#v=onepage&q=umunhum&f=false\" target=\"_blank\">California Place Names\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, rain data compiled by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California-Nevada River Forecast Center\u003c/a> show that only one location throughout the state got more for the past four wet, wet days than Mount Umunhum. That would be Bucks Lake, in the Feather River watershed in Plumas County, which the CNRFC says got 11.59 inches over 96 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That deluge in the Feather River watershed unleashed torrents that dumped 65 billion gallons of water into \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=ORO&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">Lake Oroville\u003c/a>, the state's second-largest reservoir. Oroville storage grew by 200,000 acre-feet over the weekend, enough water for about 400,000 \"average\" California households for a year (or enough to submerge an acre of almonds, or a football field, to a depth of about 38 miles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storage in \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=SHA&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">Shasta Lake\u003c/a>, California's biggest reservoir, increased by 203,000 acre-feet in the four-day period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Below:\u003c/strong> Total rainfall for 66 locations in the region from northern Sonoma County through Santa Cruz County and east to Sacramento. Scroll down for entire list and click on column headings to rearrange by location or rainfall total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;min-height: 400px\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding-bottom: 50%;padding-top: 0px;height: 0\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//danbrekke.silk.co/s/embed/gCxd9Pr\" style=\"border:1;position: absolute; left:100px; width: 60%;\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-top: -33px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 12px;color: gray;text-align: left;width: 50%;overflow: hidden\">Data from \u003ca target=\"_blank\">California-Nevada River Forecast Center\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Highest totals in our wet, wet weekend were in the Santa Cruz Mountains and in coastal hills north of the Golden Gate. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If rainfall were a competition, a place that few of us can pronounce would be the winner in the Bay Area Weekend-Plus Precipitation Sweepstakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount Umunhum, a peak variously reported at 3,486 and 3,488 feet in the Santa Cruz Mountains south of San Jose, got 10.89 inches of rain between 6 a.m. Thursday and 6 a.m. Monday. It's pronounced UM-un-um, by the way. Though if you want to explore the matter a little more deeply, see Gudde's \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=M-22djGNuhwC&lpg=PR6&ots=-MNG0FVKIP&dq=california%20place%20names%20a%20geographical%20dictionary%20%22umunhum%22&pg=SL3-PA350#v=onepage&q=umunhum&f=false\" target=\"_blank\">California Place Names\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, rain data compiled by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">California-Nevada River Forecast Center\u003c/a> show that only one location throughout the state got more for the past four wet, wet days than Mount Umunhum. That would be Bucks Lake, in the Feather River watershed in Plumas County, which the CNRFC says got 11.59 inches over 96 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That deluge in the Feather River watershed unleashed torrents that dumped 65 billion gallons of water into \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=ORO&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">Lake Oroville\u003c/a>, the state's second-largest reservoir. Oroville storage grew by 200,000 acre-feet over the weekend, enough water for about 400,000 \"average\" California households for a year (or enough to submerge an acre of almonds, or a football field, to a depth of about 38 miles).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Storage in \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=SHA&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">Shasta Lake\u003c/a>, California's biggest reservoir, increased by 203,000 acre-feet in the four-day period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Below:\u003c/strong> Total rainfall for 66 locations in the region from northern Sonoma County through Santa Cruz County and east to Sacramento. Scroll down for entire list and click on column headings to rearrange by location or rainfall total.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;min-height: 400px\">\n\u003cdiv style=\"padding-bottom: 50%;padding-top: 0px;height: 0\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//danbrekke.silk.co/s/embed/gCxd9Pr\" style=\"border:1;position: absolute; left:100px; width: 60%;\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv style=\"margin-top: -33px;margin-bottom: 10px;font-size: 12px;color: gray;text-align: left;width: 50%;overflow: hidden\">Data from \u003ca target=\"_blank\">California-Nevada River Forecast Center\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Reservoirs Are Dumping Water in a Drought, But Science Could Change That",
"headTitle": "California Reservoirs Are Dumping Water in a Drought, But Science Could Change That | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>There’s a rule in California that may seem bizarre in a drought-stricken state: in the winter, reservoirs aren’t allowed to fill up completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, even as this post goes up, a handful of reservoirs are releasing water to maintain empty space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice, which has long inflamed combatants in California’s water wars, is due to a decades-old rule designed to protect public safety. If a major winter storm comes in, reservoirs need space to catch the runoff and prevent floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with advances in weather forecasting, some say this preemptive strategy is outdated. A new, “smart” flood control system could save water in years when Californians need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hitting the ‘Magic’ Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one of the state’s major reservoirs — Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento — the volume of water spilling from the dam has swollen eight-fold in the past few weeks, sending billions of gallons downstream, much of it into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in February the reservoir reached a key threshold: 60 percent full, which is the highest water level allowed during the winter months, according to rules from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, most of the reservoir was a dry, dusty lakebed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What reservoir was left was confined to the old river channels before we built the dam,” says Drew Lessard of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the federal agency that manages the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just an average-size winter storm can send huge volumes of water down the American River \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Water-starved-Folsom-Lake-is-finally-starting-to-6738359.php\">into Folsom Reservoir\u003c/a>, boosting the lake by 10 percent or more. A major storm can produce dramatically more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The watershed is pretty flashy and it responds pretty quickly to storm events,” says Lessard. “That’s why we need to reserve a space during those winter months in case that happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting 40 percent empty allows the reservoir to act as a buffer against floods, gulping the runoff without overflowing. In years where the upstream reservoirs are fuller, Folsom Reservoir is required to remain 60 percent empty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-549363 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web.jpg\" alt=\"Reservoir_V08_160225-web\" width=\"1191\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web.jpg 1191w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-400x363.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-800x725.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-768x696.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-1180x1070.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-960x871.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1191px) 100vw, 1191px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing water downstream does produce benefits, supporting wildlife and endangered fish. It also prevents salt water from San Francisco Bay from backing up into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is a drinking water supply for many in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But preemptively releasing water has its own risks, especially if it doesn’t rain again, as happened in 1997. The reservoir was lowered and, “it was dry the rest of the year and we never really rebounded,” recalls Lessard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The rules that govern water in the West were created in the 19th century.’\u003ccite>Marty Ralph, UCSD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As California enters a fifth year of drought, seeing operators deliberately dumping water can be disconcerting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, Shauna Lorance of the San Juan Water District near Sacramento went to state regulators with a message: when water is disappearing downriver, it’s hard for water consumers to take the conservation message seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything they conserve right now is not held,” said Lorance. “For me to explain to customers, after everything they’ve done, that they need to continue to conserve so it can be spilled is going to be a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Smart’ Reservoirs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rules that govern water in the West were created in the 19th century,” says Marty Ralph, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://mavensnotebook.com/2014/02/10/marty-ralph-atmospheric-rivers-drought-and-the-new-center-for-western-weather-and-water-extremes/\">Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes\u003c/a> at UC San Diego. “And yet here we live in the 21st century with its special and new needs: greater population and a changing climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph is piloting a more dynamic method of flood management at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5143750-181/lake-mendocino-nears-winter-capacity?artslide=0\">Lake Mendocino\u003c/a> with the Sonoma County Water Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a maintaining firm limits on reservoir levels dictated by the calendar, managers would use cutting-edge weather forecasts to gauge how much flood space they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Weather predictions have been improving over the last decades, “ said Ralph. “Particularly on the West Coast, we’ve learned about the phenomenon that produces most flood-producing storms. We call them \u003ca href=\"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/atmrivers/questions/\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of emptying out a reservoir preemptively, managers would allow the reservoir to stay fuller, keeping an eye on the weather forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a big storm appears, “they’d have three, four, five days lead time, enough to release that extra water and get it out of the way safely,” said Ralph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If storms don’t appear, the water would be saved for later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph says “forecast-informed” operations are becoming possible thanks to major advances in weather research. New weather satellites and more precise forecast models are making predictions more accurate. Researchers are even \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/flying-into-the-heart-of-the-wests-biggest-storms/\">flying planes into atmospheric rivers\u003c/a> to gather information about how they behave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph says even with the improvements, there’s more fine tuning to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get down to three days’ lead time and we’re down to plus or minus 300 kilometers (186 mi.) in terms of the location of the storm’s landfall,” he explains. “That’s the difference between San Francisco and the Oregon border. That’s a big difference if you’re operating a reservoir on a much smaller scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says potential is clear in a drought-prone state like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine we have the option to keep, say, ten percent extra water behind each dam in the winter,” he muses. At Folsom Reservoir alone, that amount would supply 200,000 households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changing the Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see potential,” agrees Greg Kukas of the Army Corps of Engineers, the federal agency that sets flood rules for reservoirs. “What we’re not clear on is what the risks associated with that potential might be. What are the trade offs?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps is considering using the new weather-based operations at Folsom as part of a major update to the reservoir operations plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is whether weather forecasts are precise enough — not just as to when a storm is coming, but how big it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to forecasting the size of events that we’re most concerned about, they are about 20 percent off,” says Kukas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting it wrong is not an option. If the dam overflows, it could flood Sacramento and hundreds of thousands of people downstream, and potentially put the dam itself at risk of failing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The consequences, you don’t even want to imagine them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with reservoir operators around the state, the Corps says it currently takes weather forecasts into consideration in making water release decisions, though in a minimal way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t make our reservoir releases in a vacuum,” says Christy Jones, also with the Corps of Engineers. “We always are looking at the balance. We know water supply is incredibly important but we also know public safety is incredibly important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps plans to decide whether to manage Folsom Reservoir using weather forecasts next year. Changing current flood rules for how much the reservoir can hold in the winter would require an act of Congress. But if it works at Folsom, Jones agrees that it would be a model for reservoirs across the Western U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could have a huge impact on the West.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Advanced weather models could remove some of the guesswork and leave more water behind dams.",
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"title": "California Reservoirs Are Dumping Water in a Drought, But Science Could Change That | KQED",
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"headline": "California Reservoirs Are Dumping Water in a Drought, But Science Could Change That",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There’s a rule in California that may seem bizarre in a drought-stricken state: in the winter, reservoirs aren’t allowed to fill up completely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, even as this post goes up, a handful of reservoirs are releasing water to maintain empty space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The practice, which has long inflamed combatants in California’s water wars, is due to a decades-old rule designed to protect public safety. If a major winter storm comes in, reservoirs need space to catch the runoff and prevent floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with advances in weather forecasting, some say this preemptive strategy is outdated. A new, “smart” flood control system could save water in years when Californians need it most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hitting the ‘Magic’ Line\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one of the state’s major reservoirs — Folsom Lake, east of Sacramento — the volume of water spilling from the dam has swollen eight-fold in the past few weeks, sending billions of gallons downstream, much of it into San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early in February the reservoir reached a key threshold: 60 percent full, which is the highest water level allowed during the winter months, according to rules from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and the Sacramento Area Flood Control Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, most of the reservoir was a dry, dusty lakebed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What reservoir was left was confined to the old river channels before we built the dam,” says Drew Lessard of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the federal agency that manages the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just an average-size winter storm can send huge volumes of water down the American River \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Water-starved-Folsom-Lake-is-finally-starting-to-6738359.php\">into Folsom Reservoir\u003c/a>, boosting the lake by 10 percent or more. A major storm can produce dramatically more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The watershed is pretty flashy and it responds pretty quickly to storm events,” says Lessard. “That’s why we need to reserve a space during those winter months in case that happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting 40 percent empty allows the reservoir to act as a buffer against floods, gulping the runoff without overflowing. In years where the upstream reservoirs are fuller, Folsom Reservoir is required to remain 60 percent empty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-549363 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web.jpg\" alt=\"Reservoir_V08_160225-web\" width=\"1191\" height=\"1080\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web.jpg 1191w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-400x363.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-800x725.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-768x696.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-1180x1070.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/02/Reservoir_V08_160225-web-960x871.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1191px) 100vw, 1191px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Releasing water downstream does produce benefits, supporting wildlife and endangered fish. It also prevents salt water from San Francisco Bay from backing up into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, which is a drinking water supply for many in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But preemptively releasing water has its own risks, especially if it doesn’t rain again, as happened in 1997. The reservoir was lowered and, “it was dry the rest of the year and we never really rebounded,” recalls Lessard.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The rules that govern water in the West were created in the 19th century.’\u003ccite>Marty Ralph, UCSD\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As California enters a fifth year of drought, seeing operators deliberately dumping water can be disconcerting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks ago, Shauna Lorance of the San Juan Water District near Sacramento went to state regulators with a message: when water is disappearing downriver, it’s hard for water consumers to take the conservation message seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything they conserve right now is not held,” said Lorance. “For me to explain to customers, after everything they’ve done, that they need to continue to conserve so it can be spilled is going to be a nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘Smart’ Reservoirs\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rules that govern water in the West were created in the 19th century,” says Marty Ralph, who directs the \u003ca href=\"http://mavensnotebook.com/2014/02/10/marty-ralph-atmospheric-rivers-drought-and-the-new-center-for-western-weather-and-water-extremes/\">Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes\u003c/a> at UC San Diego. “And yet here we live in the 21st century with its special and new needs: greater population and a changing climate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph is piloting a more dynamic method of flood management at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pressdemocrat.com/news/5143750-181/lake-mendocino-nears-winter-capacity?artslide=0\">Lake Mendocino\u003c/a> with the Sonoma County Water Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of a maintaining firm limits on reservoir levels dictated by the calendar, managers would use cutting-edge weather forecasts to gauge how much flood space they need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Weather predictions have been improving over the last decades, “ said Ralph. “Particularly on the West Coast, we’ve learned about the phenomenon that produces most flood-producing storms. We call them \u003ca href=\"http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/atmrivers/questions/\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of emptying out a reservoir preemptively, managers would allow the reservoir to stay fuller, keeping an eye on the weather forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a big storm appears, “they’d have three, four, five days lead time, enough to release that extra water and get it out of the way safely,” said Ralph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If storms don’t appear, the water would be saved for later in the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph says “forecast-informed” operations are becoming possible thanks to major advances in weather research. New weather satellites and more precise forecast models are making predictions more accurate. Researchers are even \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/flying-into-the-heart-of-the-wests-biggest-storms/\">flying planes into atmospheric rivers\u003c/a> to gather information about how they behave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ralph says even with the improvements, there’s more fine tuning to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get down to three days’ lead time and we’re down to plus or minus 300 kilometers (186 mi.) in terms of the location of the storm’s landfall,” he explains. “That’s the difference between San Francisco and the Oregon border. That’s a big difference if you’re operating a reservoir on a much smaller scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says potential is clear in a drought-prone state like California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine we have the option to keep, say, ten percent extra water behind each dam in the winter,” he muses. At Folsom Reservoir alone, that amount would supply 200,000 households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Changing the Rules\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We see potential,” agrees Greg Kukas of the Army Corps of Engineers, the federal agency that sets flood rules for reservoirs. “What we’re not clear on is what the risks associated with that potential might be. What are the trade offs?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps is considering using the new weather-based operations at Folsom as part of a major update to the reservoir operations plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question is whether weather forecasts are precise enough — not just as to when a storm is coming, but how big it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to forecasting the size of events that we’re most concerned about, they are about 20 percent off,” says Kukas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting it wrong is not an option. If the dam overflows, it could flood Sacramento and hundreds of thousands of people downstream, and potentially put the dam itself at risk of failing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The consequences, you don’t even want to imagine them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Working with reservoir operators around the state, the Corps says it currently takes weather forecasts into consideration in making water release decisions, though in a minimal way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t make our reservoir releases in a vacuum,” says Christy Jones, also with the Corps of Engineers. “We always are looking at the balance. We know water supply is incredibly important but we also know public safety is incredibly important.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Corps plans to decide whether to manage Folsom Reservoir using weather forecasts next year. Changing current flood rules for how much the reservoir can hold in the winter would require an act of Congress. But if it works at Folsom, Jones agrees that it would be a model for reservoirs across the Western U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This could have a huge impact on the West.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "March Miracle? El Niño Kicks Back in With Soaking Storms on the Way",
"headTitle": "March Miracle? El Niño Kicks Back in With Soaking Storms on the Way | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>February was an extremely warm month (once again) across California, with temperature records falling on a daily basis. February was also quite dry across the state, with the only precipitation event of any note occurring around the middle of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack — which had been hovering slightly above average through the end of January — started to fall behind by mid-month, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/01/sierra-snow-survey-offers-no-boost-for-drought-busting/\">March 1 snow survey\u003c/a> showed statewide snowpack slightly above 80 percent of average for the date. This number is decidedly better than \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/52265-california-snowpack-shrinking.html\">during recent winters\u003c/a>, but that’s really only a testament to the abysmal snowpack accumulations during the reign of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/01/23/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought/\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a> (of high pressure along the coast).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Change in the Wind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An abrupt change in the prevailing weather pattern is now at California’s doorstep, however. The persistent ridging of the past month or so is rapidly being displaced by a series of powerful storm systems, driven by a remarkable enhancement and consolidation of the Pacific jet stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_560640\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-560640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3.png\" alt=\"The jet stream will be in a favorable position for active weather across California this weekend.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3.png 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3-400x279.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3-800x559.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3-768x536.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3-960x670.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The jet stream will be in a favorable position for active weather across California this weekend. \u003ccite>(NCEP via tropicaltidbits.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rain has already begun across the northernmost portion of California, and will continue more or less continuously through Monday. Precipitation will gradually spread farther south on Friday and intensify on Saturday as a very strong cold front approaches the California coast. A robust \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/flying-into-the-heart-of-the-wests-biggest-storms/\">atmospheric river\u003c/a> (arguably of the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineapple_Express\">Pineapple Express\u003c/a> variety, given its subtropical origins near Hawaii) will be in place in advance of the front itself, providing plenty of moisture for the impressive larger-scale dynamics to act upon. The nose of a strong jet streak will move inland over Central California before sagging southward over time, adding lift as this storm system sweeps across the state from northwest to southeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thar She Blows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very moist atmosphere combined with a fairly impressive frontal structure will likely lead to a period of very heavy rainfall across much of California. This setup would likely be cause for significant concern if conditions had been very wet, or if the front was expected to hang up over a given location. Right now, the whole system appears to be fast-moving enough to prevent severe flood concerns — especially given our dry February. But given the high intensity of the expected precipitation, it will be worth watching closely to see if a frontal wave develops on Saturday and stalls the front more than expected. Should that occur, flood concerns would increase considerably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_560645\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 909px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-560645\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4.png\" alt=\"Water vapor fluxes associated with this weekend’s atmospheric river will be impressive.\" width=\"909\" height=\"984\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4.png 909w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4-400x433.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4-800x866.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4-768x831.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 909px) 100vw, 909px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water vapor fluxes associated with this weekend’s atmospheric river will be impressive. \u003ccite>(NCEP via Scripps)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to impressive upper-level dynamics for this part of the world, a substantial reservoir of cold air behind the cold front will provide quite a bit of instability during and after frontal passage — leading to a decent chance of at least isolated thunderstorms across much of the state beginning later on Saturday. Strong and gusty winds — potentially 40 to 50 mph in some places — will also occur as surface pressure gradients strengthen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A secondary system will develop rapidly late Saturday and early Sunday over the Pacific just west of California as the jet stream remains situated in an unusually favorable low-latitude position. While this surface low won’t have much time to develop before hitting the coast, it could still pack a substantial punch, particularly in Southern California. In fact, this second system could bring at least a brief burst of widespread heavy precipitation and perhaps thunderstorms to much of Southern California (focused from the Bay Area southward). There are some early indications that stronger surface-based instability could develop later Sunday or Monday across portions of Southern California, which could lead to the development of some severe thunderstorm activity near the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_560646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-560646\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5.png\" alt=\"The GFS is suggesting widespread heavy precipitation though Monday evening.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5.png 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5-400x279.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5-800x559.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5-768x536.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5-960x670.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This forecast model suggests widespread heavy precipitation though Monday evening. \u003ccite>(NCEP via tropicaltidbits.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rainfall totals through Monday across Northern California will be in the 2-4 inch range in most places (including San Francisco and Sacramento), possibly more than double that (5-8+ inches) in the coastal hills and the northern Sierra Nevada foothills. Most of Southern California will probably see rainfall more on the order of 1-2 inches, with double that in the coastal mountains. Notably, however, this precipitation will fall rather quickly, and may cause more problems that would typically be the case with precipitation of this magnitude. In the Sierra Nevada, snow levels will start out quite high as the warm atmospheric river moves ashore but will plummet later in the weekend as much colder air arrives. Several (2-4) feet of new snowfall is likely above 7000 feet, and lesser accumulations down to 4000 feet or so are likely by Monday as the secondary system moves inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Models Waffle\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California weather (model) watchers got quite the show a couple of days ago when simulations started pointing toward an extreme precipitation event to develop next week, following this weekend’s still very heavy rainfall. The setup was one strongly reminiscent of that which makes California water wonks nervous: the occurrence of a very persistent and strong atmospheric river event focused upon a narrow stretch of the West Coast. Several model cycles were hinting at the potential for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/704897495432884224\">truly incredible amounts of rain\u003c/a> and high-elevation snow between March 4 and March 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, however, it now seems that those really extreme numbers are unlikely to come to pass. While a very impressive atmospheric river is still expected to develop across the eastern Pacific next week and eventually make it to California, it is not presently expected to be nearly as persistent as had been simulated a few days ago. Present models still suggest a storm that would be quite impressive by the low standards set during recent drought winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘March Miracle:’ a Relative Term\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the longer run, it seems likely that a fairly active weather pattern will continue across California for much of March. It’s hard to say at this point whether precipitation this month might approach the remarkable late-season levels of the “Miracle March” in 1991, but it does at least appear likely that California’s snowpack will recover, possibly back to above-average levels in the coming weeks. It’s less clear whether Southern California will be able to make up the seasonal precipitation deficit that has accumulated this year despite the near record-strength El Niño event in the tropical Pacific. Still, it appears increasingly likely that March will at least be able to make a dent — even though it’s quite clear that California’s multi-year drought will persist through the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is an atmospheric scientist at Stanford’s School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. A version of this post also appears on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\">California Weather blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A major shift in weather patterns should bring some serious rain and a boost to the Sierra snowpack.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://earth.stanford.edu/daniel-swain\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, Stanford University\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>February was an extremely warm month (once again) across California, with temperature records falling on a daily basis. February was also quite dry across the state, with the only precipitation event of any note occurring around the middle of the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Nevada snowpack — which had been hovering slightly above average through the end of January — started to fall behind by mid-month, and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/01/sierra-snow-survey-offers-no-boost-for-drought-busting/\">March 1 snow survey\u003c/a> showed statewide snowpack slightly above 80 percent of average for the date. This number is decidedly better than \u003ca href=\"http://www.livescience.com/52265-california-snowpack-shrinking.html\">during recent winters\u003c/a>, but that’s really only a testament to the abysmal snowpack accumulations during the reign of the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/01/23/ridiculous-ridge-may-be-back-to-prolong-california-drought/\">Ridiculously Resilient Ridge\u003c/a> (of high pressure along the coast).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Change in the Wind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An abrupt change in the prevailing weather pattern is now at California’s doorstep, however. The persistent ridging of the past month or so is rapidly being displaced by a series of powerful storm systems, driven by a remarkable enhancement and consolidation of the Pacific jet stream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_560640\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-560640\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3.png\" alt=\"The jet stream will be in a favorable position for active weather across California this weekend.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3.png 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3-400x279.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3-800x559.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3-768x536.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f3-960x670.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The jet stream will be in a favorable position for active weather across California this weekend. \u003ccite>(NCEP via tropicaltidbits.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rain has already begun across the northernmost portion of California, and will continue more or less continuously through Monday. Precipitation will gradually spread farther south on Friday and intensify on Saturday as a very strong cold front approaches the California coast. A robust \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/23/flying-into-the-heart-of-the-wests-biggest-storms/\">atmospheric river\u003c/a> (arguably of the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pineapple_Express\">Pineapple Express\u003c/a> variety, given its subtropical origins near Hawaii) will be in place in advance of the front itself, providing plenty of moisture for the impressive larger-scale dynamics to act upon. The nose of a strong jet streak will move inland over Central California before sagging southward over time, adding lift as this storm system sweeps across the state from northwest to southeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thar She Blows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The very moist atmosphere combined with a fairly impressive frontal structure will likely lead to a period of very heavy rainfall across much of California. This setup would likely be cause for significant concern if conditions had been very wet, or if the front was expected to hang up over a given location. Right now, the whole system appears to be fast-moving enough to prevent severe flood concerns — especially given our dry February. But given the high intensity of the expected precipitation, it will be worth watching closely to see if a frontal wave develops on Saturday and stalls the front more than expected. Should that occur, flood concerns would increase considerably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_560645\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 909px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-560645\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4.png\" alt=\"Water vapor fluxes associated with this weekend’s atmospheric river will be impressive.\" width=\"909\" height=\"984\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4.png 909w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4-400x433.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4-800x866.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f4-768x831.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 909px) 100vw, 909px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water vapor fluxes associated with this weekend’s atmospheric river will be impressive. \u003ccite>(NCEP via Scripps)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to impressive upper-level dynamics for this part of the world, a substantial reservoir of cold air behind the cold front will provide quite a bit of instability during and after frontal passage — leading to a decent chance of at least isolated thunderstorms across much of the state beginning later on Saturday. Strong and gusty winds — potentially 40 to 50 mph in some places — will also occur as surface pressure gradients strengthen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A secondary system will develop rapidly late Saturday and early Sunday over the Pacific just west of California as the jet stream remains situated in an unusually favorable low-latitude position. While this surface low won’t have much time to develop before hitting the coast, it could still pack a substantial punch, particularly in Southern California. In fact, this second system could bring at least a brief burst of widespread heavy precipitation and perhaps thunderstorms to much of Southern California (focused from the Bay Area southward). There are some early indications that stronger surface-based instability could develop later Sunday or Monday across portions of Southern California, which could lead to the development of some severe thunderstorm activity near the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_560646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-560646\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5.png\" alt=\"The GFS is suggesting widespread heavy precipitation though Monday evening.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5.png 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5-400x279.png 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5-800x559.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5-768x536.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/03/f5-960x670.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This forecast model suggests widespread heavy precipitation though Monday evening. \u003ccite>(NCEP via tropicaltidbits.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rainfall totals through Monday across Northern California will be in the 2-4 inch range in most places (including San Francisco and Sacramento), possibly more than double that (5-8+ inches) in the coastal hills and the northern Sierra Nevada foothills. Most of Southern California will probably see rainfall more on the order of 1-2 inches, with double that in the coastal mountains. Notably, however, this precipitation will fall rather quickly, and may cause more problems that would typically be the case with precipitation of this magnitude. In the Sierra Nevada, snow levels will start out quite high as the warm atmospheric river moves ashore but will plummet later in the weekend as much colder air arrives. Several (2-4) feet of new snowfall is likely above 7000 feet, and lesser accumulations down to 4000 feet or so are likely by Monday as the secondary system moves inland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Models Waffle\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California weather (model) watchers got quite the show a couple of days ago when simulations started pointing toward an extreme precipitation event to develop next week, following this weekend’s still very heavy rainfall. The setup was one strongly reminiscent of that which makes California water wonks nervous: the occurrence of a very persistent and strong atmospheric river event focused upon a narrow stretch of the West Coast. Several model cycles were hinting at the potential for \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Weather_West/status/704897495432884224\">truly incredible amounts of rain\u003c/a> and high-elevation snow between March 4 and March 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, however, it now seems that those really extreme numbers are unlikely to come to pass. While a very impressive atmospheric river is still expected to develop across the eastern Pacific next week and eventually make it to California, it is not presently expected to be nearly as persistent as had been simulated a few days ago. Present models still suggest a storm that would be quite impressive by the low standards set during recent drought winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘March Miracle:’ a Relative Term\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the longer run, it seems likely that a fairly active weather pattern will continue across California for much of March. It’s hard to say at this point whether precipitation this month might approach the remarkable late-season levels of the “Miracle March” in 1991, but it does at least appear likely that California’s snowpack will recover, possibly back to above-average levels in the coming weeks. It’s less clear whether Southern California will be able to make up the seasonal precipitation deficit that has accumulated this year despite the near record-strength El Niño event in the tropical Pacific. Still, it appears increasingly likely that March will at least be able to make a dent — even though it’s quite clear that California’s multi-year drought will persist through the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Daniel Swain is an atmospheric scientist at Stanford’s School of Earth, Energy & Environmental Sciences. A version of this post also appears on his \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/\">California Weather blog\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Court Gives Residents 30 Days, Not 8, to Return Home After Porter Ranch Leak",
"title": "Court Gives Residents 30 Days, Not 8, to Return Home After Porter Ranch Leak",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Backing a lower court's decision that extends a grace period for people displaced by a huge natural gas leak, an appeals court says Southern California Gas Co. should pay for temporary housing for an additional 30 days, rather than the eight-day period the company had planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue centers on the time frame for residents to return to the Porter Ranch community after state officials declared the area safe to inhabit again. Last month, SoCalGas announced it had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/17/as-crews-seal-aliso-canyon-gas-leak-public-officials-mull-how-to-prevent-another\">finally succeeded in plugging a leak\u003c/a> that had spewed some 5 billion cubic feet of natural gas into the air over several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/03/02/58164/porter-ranch-court-agrees-residents-get-more-time/\">KPCC\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The LA County lawyers argued that some of those who have already returned home to Porter Ranch are reporting health issues, so the gas company should be forced to continue paying to house them elsewhere while officials conduct additional air monitoring to confirm there is no health threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SoCalGas argued that the eight-day timeframe was sufficient because it was based on data showing that the air in and around Porter Ranch 'has returned to the typical air-quality conditions that existed prior to the leak.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's ruling means that residents can remain in temporary housing until March 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"wDrpFczHziCEvwWjfcdGRX7pANNqYpvK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to seeking a longer period to resettle in their homes, Porter Ranch residents have been pressing state legislators to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/23/aliso-canyon-gas-operations-wont-resume-anytime-soon\" target=\"_blank\">shut down the Aliso Canyon Storage Facility\u003c/a> that was the source of the leaked gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents are also asking officials to ensure that SoCal Gas pays for cleanup costs in the area. As \u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2016/03/01/oily-residue-from-gas-leak-coats-porter-ranch-homes/\">CBS Los Angeles recently reported\u003c/a>, some people who returned to their homes in Porter Ranch have found \"goopy residue coating their homes inside and out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bulletin to residents, the Los Angeles County public health department says the oily residue isn't the result of methane and other leaked gases, but comes from recent drilling near the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Residents should avoid contact with fruits, vegetables, and any surfaces that appear to be coated with an oily residue,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/docs/AlisoReturning.pdf\">the department says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Backing a lower court's decision that extends a grace period for people displaced by a huge natural gas leak, an appeals court says Southern California Gas Co. should pay for temporary housing for an additional 30 days, rather than the eight-day period the company had planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue centers on the time frame for residents to return to the Porter Ranch community after state officials declared the area safe to inhabit again. Last month, SoCalGas announced it had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/17/as-crews-seal-aliso-canyon-gas-leak-public-officials-mull-how-to-prevent-another\">finally succeeded in plugging a leak\u003c/a> that had spewed some 5 billion cubic feet of natural gas into the air over several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/03/02/58164/porter-ranch-court-agrees-residents-get-more-time/\">KPCC\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The LA County lawyers argued that some of those who have already returned home to Porter Ranch are reporting health issues, so the gas company should be forced to continue paying to house them elsewhere while officials conduct additional air monitoring to confirm there is no health threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SoCalGas argued that the eight-day timeframe was sufficient because it was based on data showing that the air in and around Porter Ranch 'has returned to the typical air-quality conditions that existed prior to the leak.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's ruling means that residents can remain in temporary housing until March 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to seeking a longer period to resettle in their homes, Porter Ranch residents have been pressing state legislators to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/23/aliso-canyon-gas-operations-wont-resume-anytime-soon\" target=\"_blank\">shut down the Aliso Canyon Storage Facility\u003c/a> that was the source of the leaked gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents are also asking officials to ensure that SoCal Gas pays for cleanup costs in the area. As \u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2016/03/01/oily-residue-from-gas-leak-coats-porter-ranch-homes/\">CBS Los Angeles recently reported\u003c/a>, some people who returned to their homes in Porter Ranch have found \"goopy residue coating their homes inside and out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bulletin to residents, the Los Angeles County public health department says the oily residue isn't the result of methane and other leaked gases, but comes from recent drilling near the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Residents should avoid contact with fruits, vegetables, and any surfaces that appear to be coated with an oily residue,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/docs/AlisoReturning.pdf\">the department says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 7 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> Citing concerns over lead contamination, the East Bay Regional Parks board has voted to shut down the Chabot Gun Club. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unanimous vote came after a marathon meeting that saw hundreds of club backers and critics cram a meeting room at the Redwood Canyon Golf Course. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the club, which has operated a shooting range in Chabot Regional Park since 1963, called on the board to give the organization a chance to implement a plan to deal with lead that has accumulated at the site. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But district officials say the contamination poses a health hazard to park users and wildlife. Lead, a potent toxin at high levels, can also pollute groundwater and stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park district General Manager Robert Doyle said it's time to take on the costly task of cleaning up the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We now know more about lead than we did 50 years ago, 20 years ago, 10 years ago,\" Doyle said. \"And it's just something that to continue to add more lead without a plan to clean it up, it just has to be addressed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> The fate of the \u003ca href=\"http://chabotgunclub.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Chabot Gun Club\u003c/a>, located in Anthony Chabot Regional Park in Castro Valley, could be decided Tuesday by the board of the East Bay Regional Park District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park officials want to close the popular shooting range due to years of lead accumulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park district spokeswoman Carolyn Jones says the amount of lead from ammunition shells is now becoming a health risk for park users and wildlife. Lead poisoning can cause significant neurological damage in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our priority is to protect these open spaces as much as possible for people who want some peace and quiet and want to be with nature,” says Jones. “We want to save these open spaces for wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also says the noise level from the shooting range has been a problem for years for people who live in nearby neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chabot Gun Club has operated in the park for more than 50 years and gets close to 50,000 users a year. The majority are recreational shooters, according to a park report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot Gun Club president Dennis Staats does not deny the presence of lead in the area, but he says the park's figures are overblown. Staats says the range is currently in compliance with federal lead standards. And he says it provides useful firearm training, practice and safety education for the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The park district exists to provide a service to the public,” says Staats. “And that service is, of course, preservation of lands and keeping things in their natural state, but there's also the service of recreation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The club has proposed an environmental stewardship plan, but park officials say cleanup efforts are unaffordable. The park estimates lead cleanup could cost anywhere from $6.5 million to $20 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Bay Area gun clubs have run into similar problems. Last year, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/S-F-gun-club-closure-triggers-22-million-cleanup-6097372.php\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Rod and Gun Club in San Francisco shuttered\u003c/a> to clean up 80 years’ worth of shotgun pellets and clay pigeons at Lake Merced. The cost for the cleanup, paid for with public funds, was more than $22 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staats says the Chabot Gun Club is one of 20 remaining in the Bay Area. But he says closing the range would be a big blow to the shooting community since it provides nearly a quarter of shooting positions in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBRPD's Jones says the call to close down the gun club is not a judgment on shooting as a recreational activity. She says the club has a perfect safety record, and its relationship with the park district has been good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there was a cheap and easy way to deal with these issues, I think everyone would,” says Jones. “Unfortunately, there doesn’t seem to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the board votes to shut the range, the park would give the gun club six months to wind down operations.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 7 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> Citing concerns over lead contamination, the East Bay Regional Parks board has voted to shut down the Chabot Gun Club. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unanimous vote came after a marathon meeting that saw hundreds of club backers and critics cram a meeting room at the Redwood Canyon Golf Course. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the club, which has operated a shooting range in Chabot Regional Park since 1963, called on the board to give the organization a chance to implement a plan to deal with lead that has accumulated at the site. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But district officials say the contamination poses a health hazard to park users and wildlife. Lead, a potent toxin at high levels, can also pollute groundwater and stormwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park district General Manager Robert Doyle said it's time to take on the costly task of cleaning up the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We now know more about lead than we did 50 years ago, 20 years ago, 10 years ago,\" Doyle said. \"And it's just something that to continue to add more lead without a plan to clean it up, it just has to be addressed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> The fate of the \u003ca href=\"http://chabotgunclub.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Chabot Gun Club\u003c/a>, located in Anthony Chabot Regional Park in Castro Valley, could be decided Tuesday by the board of the East Bay Regional Park District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park officials want to close the popular shooting range due to years of lead accumulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park district spokeswoman Carolyn Jones says the amount of lead from ammunition shells is now becoming a health risk for park users and wildlife. Lead poisoning can cause significant neurological damage in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our priority is to protect these open spaces as much as possible for people who want some peace and quiet and want to be with nature,” says Jones. “We want to save these open spaces for wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She also says the noise level from the shooting range has been a problem for years for people who live in nearby neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Chabot Gun Club has operated in the park for more than 50 years and gets close to 50,000 users a year. The majority are recreational shooters, according to a park report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chabot Gun Club president Dennis Staats does not deny the presence of lead in the area, but he says the park's figures are overblown. Staats says the range is currently in compliance with federal lead standards. And he says it provides useful firearm training, practice and safety education for the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The park district exists to provide a service to the public,” says Staats. “And that service is, of course, preservation of lands and keeping things in their natural state, but there's also the service of recreation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The club has proposed an environmental stewardship plan, but park officials say cleanup efforts are unaffordable. The park estimates lead cleanup could cost anywhere from $6.5 million to $20 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Bay Area gun clubs have run into similar problems. Last year, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/S-F-gun-club-closure-triggers-22-million-cleanup-6097372.php\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Rod and Gun Club in San Francisco shuttered\u003c/a> to clean up 80 years’ worth of shotgun pellets and clay pigeons at Lake Merced. The cost for the cleanup, paid for with public funds, was more than $22 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staats says the Chabot Gun Club is one of 20 remaining in the Bay Area. But he says closing the range would be a big blow to the shooting community since it provides nearly a quarter of shooting positions in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>EBRPD's Jones says the call to close down the gun club is not a judgment on shooting as a recreational activity. She says the club has a perfect safety record, and its relationship with the park district has been good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If there was a cheap and easy way to deal with these issues, I think everyone would,” says Jones. “Unfortunately, there doesn’t seem to be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the board votes to shut the range, the park would give the gun club six months to wind down operations.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Yosemite Name Changes Take Effect",
"title": "Yosemite Name Changes Take Effect",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The names of some of Yosemite National Park's most iconic attractions are changing Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/14/yosemite-to-change-historic-names-in-trademark-dispute\" target=\"_blank\">announced that it would change the names\u003c/a> of Curry Village, the Ahwahnee Hotel, Badger Pass Ski Resort and other attractions after failing to reach an agreement with the company that says it owns the trademarks to those attractions. The company -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.delawarenorth.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Delaware North\u003c/a> -- has served as the park's concessionaire since 1993, running numerous operations until losing the contract to Aramark, which takes over on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249672184\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These name changes took effect at midnight:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>● \u003cstrong>Yosemite Lodge\u003c/strong> at the Falls becomes: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Valley Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>The Ahwahnee\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>The Majestic Yosemite Hotel\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Curry Village\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Half Dome Village\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Wawona Hotel\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Big Trees Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Badger Pass Ski Area\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Ski & Snowboard Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Park Service employees will start placing temporary signs over road signs directing visitors to the attractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman said they're using the temporary signs in the hope that a settlement will be reached. Just before it was due to be covered up, a historic sign welcoming visitors to the park's Ahwahnee Hotel was stolen over the weekend, Gediman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of the park's historic fabric,\" Gediman said. \"And we are taking this seriously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/FresnoBee/status/704468156274728960\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North spokesman Glen White said Park Service officials turned down the company's offer to let the park continue using the trademark names until the legal dispute was resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gediman said the Park Service turned down the offer made Friday because that would \"acknowledge they own the names.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names of Yosemite attractions aren't the only iconic names to which Delaware North has staked a claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"b2suU5WJWlXK9rk40GuO9ha8EFmDuIss\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also runs concessions at the Kennedy Space Center, and has a trademark application for “Space Shuttle Atlantis,” government court papers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North “apparently embarked on a business model whereby it collects trademarks to the names of iconic property owned by the United States,” wrote Justice Department attorney John Robertson in the court papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yosemite Visitors Bemoan Name Changes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, changing the name of the Ahwahnee, that’s just absurd,” said Loren Haas, visiting from Napa. “And the name precedes the company that’s trying to maintain the rights to the name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" link=\"none\" ids=\"10882268,10882220\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill King from Tracy wasn’t crazy about the name changes either. But he doubted the transition from one concessionaire to another would have much overall impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My opinion is the current transition is very smooth from a customer’s perspective,\" King said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitor Robert Franco wonders what the company will do with the names if it doesn’t get the tens of millions of dollars it’s asking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What are they gonna do with those names? Are they gonna try and profit from those names? I don't think it's the right thing to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court filings show the National Park Service values the trademark names at $3.5 million. Delaware North puts their worth at $51 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The names of some of Yosemite National Park's most iconic attractions are changing Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/14/yosemite-to-change-historic-names-in-trademark-dispute\" target=\"_blank\">announced that it would change the names\u003c/a> of Curry Village, the Ahwahnee Hotel, Badger Pass Ski Resort and other attractions after failing to reach an agreement with the company that says it owns the trademarks to those attractions. The company -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.delawarenorth.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Delaware North\u003c/a> -- has served as the park's concessionaire since 1993, running numerous operations until losing the contract to Aramark, which takes over on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249672184&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249672184'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These name changes took effect at midnight:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>● \u003cstrong>Yosemite Lodge\u003c/strong> at the Falls becomes: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Valley Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>The Ahwahnee\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>The Majestic Yosemite Hotel\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Curry Village\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Half Dome Village\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Wawona Hotel\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Big Trees Lodge\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n● \u003cstrong>Badger Pass Ski Area\u003c/strong> becomes: \u003cstrong>Yosemite Ski & Snowboard Area\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Park Service employees will start placing temporary signs over road signs directing visitors to the attractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman said they're using the temporary signs in the hope that a settlement will be reached. Just before it was due to be covered up, a historic sign welcoming visitors to the park's Ahwahnee Hotel was stolen over the weekend, Gediman said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of the park's historic fabric,\" Gediman said. \"And we are taking this seriously.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Delaware North spokesman Glen White said Park Service officials turned down the company's offer to let the park continue using the trademark names until the legal dispute was resolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gediman said the Park Service turned down the offer made Friday because that would \"acknowledge they own the names.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names of Yosemite attractions aren't the only iconic names to which Delaware North has staked a claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also runs concessions at the Kennedy Space Center, and has a trademark application for “Space Shuttle Atlantis,” government court papers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Delaware North “apparently embarked on a business model whereby it collects trademarks to the names of iconic property owned by the United States,” wrote Justice Department attorney John Robertson in the court papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yosemite Visitors Bemoan Name Changes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, changing the name of the Ahwahnee, that’s just absurd,” said Loren Haas, visiting from Napa. “And the name precedes the company that’s trying to maintain the rights to the name.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill King from Tracy wasn’t crazy about the name changes either. But he doubted the transition from one concessionaire to another would have much overall impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My opinion is the current transition is very smooth from a customer’s perspective,\" King said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Visitor Robert Franco wonders what the company will do with the names if it doesn’t get the tens of millions of dollars it’s asking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What are they gonna do with those names? Are they gonna try and profit from those names? I don't think it's the right thing to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court filings show the National Park Service values the trademark names at $3.5 million. Delaware North puts their worth at $51 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Acid Flashback: Santa Cruz Bird Frenzy, Hitchcock and a Biological Whodunit",
"title": "Acid Flashback: Santa Cruz Bird Frenzy, Hitchcock and a Biological Whodunit",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Long before \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/hab/habs_toxins/marine_biotoxins/da/\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid\u003c/a> ruined Northern California's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/05/why-is-an-algae-bloom-closing-crab-season-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">2015-16 Dungeness crab season\u003c/a>, it was responsible for a panic along the Santa Cruz County seashore, which in turn informed a classic piece of creepy California cinema.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flashback to August 1961: In Germany, an enduring symbol of the Cold War -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/places/berlin_wall\" target=\"_blank\">the Berlin Wall\u003c/a> -- is under construction. Barack Obama is born in Honolulu. No one but a handful of Japanese researchers has ever heard of domoic acid. And in beachside communities near Santa Cruz, birds are going nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102907\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Bird Frenzy took place early the morning of Friday, Aug. 18, 1961. Here's how longtime \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/zz/20120115/NEWS/120117661\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Cruz Sentinel reporter and columnist Wally Trabing\u003c/a> described the scene that unfolded along the shoreline just east of Santa Cruz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A massive flight of \u003ca href=\"http://currents.ucsc.edu/06-07/08-14/shearwaters.asp\" target=\"_blank\">sooty shearwaters\u003c/a>, fresh from a feast of anchovies, collided with shoreside structures from Pleasure Point to Rio del Mar during the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents, especially in the Pleasure Point and Capitola area, were awakened about 3 a.m. today by the rain of birds slamming against their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dead and stunned seabirds littered the streets and roads in the foggy, early dawn. Startled by the invasion, residents rushed out on their lawns with flashlights, then rushed back inside, as the birds flew toward their light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Television aerial supports were severed, and one power line was shorted out about 4 a.m. on Merrill Avenue when the birds hitting the lines slapped them together.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10871218\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10871218\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10871218\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds-400x1042.jpg\" alt=\"Item from the Aug. 21, 1961, edition of the Santa Cruz Sentinel reporting Alfred Hitchcock's interest in the local bird 'invasion.'\" width=\"300\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds-400x1042.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds.jpg 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Item from the Aug. 21, 1961, edition of the Santa Cruz Sentinel reporting Alfred Hitchcock's interest in the local bird 'invasion.' \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the following days, the Sentinel reported crews picking up truckloads of dead birds from streets and lawns in the area. For an explanation of the avian behavior, the paper turned to \u003ca href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c84b332g/\" target=\"_blank\">Ward Russell\u003c/a>, a specimen collector and preparator at UC Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. (Russell's \u003ca href=\"http://blogrr.blogspot.com/2009/06/meet-beetles.html\" target=\"_blank\">claim to fame\u003c/a>, it appears, is that he promoted the use of \u003ca href=\"http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/17/flesh-eating-beetles-explained/\" target=\"_blank\">flesh-eating beetles\u003c/a> -- or dermestid beetles -- to clean skeletons.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell opined that the sooty shearwaters, which fly tens of thousands of miles around the Pacific basin each year, became confused by a thick fog and flapped in a blind panic toward lights onshore. Others thought the sound of gunfire from the Army's Fort Ord might have spooked the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those who took note of the sooty shearwater episode was movie director Alfred Hitchcock, who owned \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/299/\" target=\"_blank\">a 200-acre estate\u003c/a> at the end of a narrow, winding road in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Three days after the invasion, the Sentinel buried an item on page 4: Hitchcock had read the paper's account of the invasion and planned to use it in his adaptation of the Daphne Du Maurier \u003ca href=\"https://northviewulrich.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/the-birds-full-text.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">short story\u003c/a> \"The Birds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in fact, the Santa Cruz incident and Ward Russell's theory both made it into Hitchcock's \u003ca href=\"http://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Scripts:_The_Birds_(final_draft,_2nd_rev,_02/Mar/1962)\" target=\"_blank\">final script\u003c/a>, set in Bodega Bay. In the film version of \"The Birds,\" Mitch Brenner, the character played by Rod Taylor, is trying to think of a way to drive away flocks of crows and gulls that have begun terrorizing the locals. Brenner has the following exchange with several other characters and a bird sympathizer identified only as Mrs. Bundy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> Mrs. Bundy, you said something about Santa Cruz. About seagulls getting lost in the fog, and heading in for the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deke:\u003c/strong> We don't have any fog this time of year, Mitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> We'll make our own fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sholes:\u003c/strong> How do you plan to do that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch\u003c/strong>: With smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Malone:\u003c/strong> There's an ordinance against burning anything in this town, unless it's...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> We'll use smoke pots. Like the Army uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deke:\u003c/strong> What good'll that do? Smoke's as bad as birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mrs. Bundy:\u003c/strong> Birds are not bad!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sholes:\u003c/strong> How can we go on living here if we blanket the town with smoke?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> Can we go on living here otherwise?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For decades, there was no better explanation for the the 1961 Santa Cruz bird mystery than they'd gotten lost in the fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1991, a clue appeared. Hundreds of brown pelicans and cormorants were found sick or dead along the Monterey Bay shoreline. \u003ca href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/20460314?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" target=\"_blank\">Veterinary researchers\u003c/a> eliminated viruses, bacteria or heavy-metal poisoning as the cause, then determined the birds had suffered acute poisoning by domoic acid. The toxin was found both in anchovies the birds had fed on and in plankton the fish had consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Cruz marine biologist David Garrison studied the 1991 incident and speculated several years later that domoic acid might have been responsible for the 1961 bird invasion. It wasn't until 2012, more than half a century after the episode, that researchers from UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography found direct evidence that the sooty shearwaters had indeed suffered domoic acid poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Scripps scientists used an archive of biological samples from California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, a marine monitoring program in operation since 1949, to try to investigate the conditions the birds would have encountered in Monterey Bay in the summer of 1961. Specifically, the team was looking for samples that might show the presence of Pseudo-nitzschia, a genus of diatoms that includes species known to produce domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a summary of the research published in Nature Geoscience, the Scripps oceanographers reported that Monterey Bay zooplankton collected in 1961 showed high levels of the toxin-producing diatoms. Here's the mildly worded conclusion to the Scripps team's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Given the similarities between events in 1961 and the domoic acid-induced poisoning of 1991, we suggest that toxic Pseudo-nitzschia were probably responsible for the odd behaviour and death of Sooty shearwaters in August 1961. This brief study therefore supports the contention that domoic acid caused the seabird frenzy ... and strongly suggests that domoic-acid-producing phytoplankton have been an agent of marine animal mortality in the California Current system for at least the past fifty years.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK -- maybe not quite \u003ca href=\"http://www.metv.com/shows/perry-mason\" target=\"_blank\">Perry Mason\u003c/a> stuff. But case closed.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Long before \u003ca href=\"http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/hab/habs_toxins/marine_biotoxins/da/\" target=\"_blank\">domoic acid\u003c/a> ruined Northern California's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/05/why-is-an-algae-bloom-closing-crab-season-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">2015-16 Dungeness crab season\u003c/a>, it was responsible for a panic along the Santa Cruz County seashore, which in turn informed a classic piece of creepy California cinema.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Flashback to August 1961: In Germany, an enduring symbol of the Cold War -- \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/places/berlin_wall\" target=\"_blank\">the Berlin Wall\u003c/a> -- is under construction. Barack Obama is born in Honolulu. No one but a handful of Japanese researchers has ever heard of domoic acid. And in beachside communities near Santa Cruz, birds are going nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102907&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/249102907'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Great Bird Frenzy took place early the morning of Friday, Aug. 18, 1961. Here's how longtime \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzsentinel.com/article/zz/20120115/NEWS/120117661\" target=\"_blank\">Santa Cruz Sentinel reporter and columnist Wally Trabing\u003c/a> described the scene that unfolded along the shoreline just east of Santa Cruz:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A massive flight of \u003ca href=\"http://currents.ucsc.edu/06-07/08-14/shearwaters.asp\" target=\"_blank\">sooty shearwaters\u003c/a>, fresh from a feast of anchovies, collided with shoreside structures from Pleasure Point to Rio del Mar during the night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents, especially in the Pleasure Point and Capitola area, were awakened about 3 a.m. today by the rain of birds slamming against their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dead and stunned seabirds littered the streets and roads in the foggy, early dawn. Startled by the invasion, residents rushed out on their lawns with flashlights, then rushed back inside, as the birds flew toward their light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Television aerial supports were severed, and one power line was shorted out about 4 a.m. on Merrill Avenue when the birds hitting the lines slapped them together.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10871218\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds.jpg\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-10871218\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10871218\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds-400x1042.jpg\" alt=\"Item from the Aug. 21, 1961, edition of the Santa Cruz Sentinel reporting Alfred Hitchcock's interest in the local bird 'invasion.'\" width=\"300\" height=\"781\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds-400x1042.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/hitchcockbirds.jpg 546w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Item from the Aug. 21, 1961, edition of the Santa Cruz Sentinel reporting Alfred Hitchcock's interest in the local bird 'invasion.' \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the following days, the Sentinel reported crews picking up truckloads of dead birds from streets and lawns in the area. For an explanation of the avian behavior, the paper turned to \u003ca href=\"http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c84b332g/\" target=\"_blank\">Ward Russell\u003c/a>, a specimen collector and preparator at UC Berkeley's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. (Russell's \u003ca href=\"http://blogrr.blogspot.com/2009/06/meet-beetles.html\" target=\"_blank\">claim to fame\u003c/a>, it appears, is that he promoted the use of \u003ca href=\"http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/01/17/flesh-eating-beetles-explained/\" target=\"_blank\">flesh-eating beetles\u003c/a> -- or dermestid beetles -- to clean skeletons.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russell opined that the sooty shearwaters, which fly tens of thousands of miles around the Pacific basin each year, became confused by a thick fog and flapped in a blind panic toward lights onshore. Others thought the sound of gunfire from the Army's Fort Ord might have spooked the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those who took note of the sooty shearwater episode was movie director Alfred Hitchcock, who owned \u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzpl.org/history/articles/299/\" target=\"_blank\">a 200-acre estate\u003c/a> at the end of a narrow, winding road in the Santa Cruz Mountains. Three days after the invasion, the Sentinel buried an item on page 4: Hitchcock had read the paper's account of the invasion and planned to use it in his adaptation of the Daphne Du Maurier \u003ca href=\"https://northviewulrich.files.wordpress.com/2014/11/the-birds-full-text.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">short story\u003c/a> \"The Birds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in fact, the Santa Cruz incident and Ward Russell's theory both made it into Hitchcock's \u003ca href=\"http://the.hitchcock.zone/wiki/Scripts:_The_Birds_(final_draft,_2nd_rev,_02/Mar/1962)\" target=\"_blank\">final script\u003c/a>, set in Bodega Bay. In the film version of \"The Birds,\" Mitch Brenner, the character played by Rod Taylor, is trying to think of a way to drive away flocks of crows and gulls that have begun terrorizing the locals. Brenner has the following exchange with several other characters and a bird sympathizer identified only as Mrs. Bundy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> Mrs. Bundy, you said something about Santa Cruz. About seagulls getting lost in the fog, and heading in for the lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deke:\u003c/strong> We don't have any fog this time of year, Mitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> We'll make our own fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sholes:\u003c/strong> How do you plan to do that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch\u003c/strong>: With smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Malone:\u003c/strong> There's an ordinance against burning anything in this town, unless it's...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> We'll use smoke pots. Like the Army uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Deke:\u003c/strong> What good'll that do? Smoke's as bad as birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mrs. Bundy:\u003c/strong> Birds are not bad!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sholes:\u003c/strong> How can we go on living here if we blanket the town with smoke?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mitch:\u003c/strong> Can we go on living here otherwise?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For decades, there was no better explanation for the the 1961 Santa Cruz bird mystery than they'd gotten lost in the fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 1991, a clue appeared. Hundreds of brown pelicans and cormorants were found sick or dead along the Monterey Bay shoreline. \u003ca href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/20460314?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents\" target=\"_blank\">Veterinary researchers\u003c/a> eliminated viruses, bacteria or heavy-metal poisoning as the cause, then determined the birds had suffered acute poisoning by domoic acid. The toxin was found both in anchovies the birds had fed on and in plankton the fish had consumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Santa Cruz marine biologist David Garrison studied the 1991 incident and speculated several years later that domoic acid might have been responsible for the 1961 bird invasion. It wasn't until 2012, more than half a century after the episode, that researchers from UC San Diego's Scripps Institution of Oceanography found direct evidence that the sooty shearwaters had indeed suffered domoic acid poisoning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Scripps scientists used an archive of biological samples from California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, a marine monitoring program in operation since 1949, to try to investigate the conditions the birds would have encountered in Monterey Bay in the summer of 1961. Specifically, the team was looking for samples that might show the presence of Pseudo-nitzschia, a genus of diatoms that includes species known to produce domoic acid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a summary of the research published in Nature Geoscience, the Scripps oceanographers reported that Monterey Bay zooplankton collected in 1961 showed high levels of the toxin-producing diatoms. Here's the mildly worded conclusion to the Scripps team's findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Given the similarities between events in 1961 and the domoic acid-induced poisoning of 1991, we suggest that toxic Pseudo-nitzschia were probably responsible for the odd behaviour and death of Sooty shearwaters in August 1961. This brief study therefore supports the contention that domoic acid caused the seabird frenzy ... and strongly suggests that domoic-acid-producing phytoplankton have been an agent of marine animal mortality in the California Current system for at least the past fifty years.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>OK -- maybe not quite \u003ca href=\"http://www.metv.com/shows/perry-mason\" target=\"_blank\">Perry Mason\u003c/a> stuff. But case closed.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Martinez Refinery Incident Triggered When Someone Hit the Wrong Button",
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"content": "\u003cp>A large part of Tesoro's Martinez refinery shut down last December because someone accidentally pressed the wrong button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company spent the last few months working to ensure that its workers don't inadvertently cause the facility's main units to break down like they did Dec. 15 -- an incident that will lead local air regulators to penalize the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro's brief shutdown caused flaring and sent a large \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/15/martinez-refinery-flare-prompts-health-advisory\" target=\"_blank\">plume of black smoke\u003c/a> into the air, prompting Contra Costa County officials to issue a health alert for several communities near the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials later disclosed that Tesoro \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/21/tesoro-mistakenly-issued-test-alert-during-martinez-refinery-problem\" target=\"_blank\">mistakenly issued a test alert\u003c/a> in the middle of the real emergency, leading to a delay of a public warning about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has now released the results of its investigation into why the refinery lost fuel gas used to power a boiler unit, halting the facility's operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A button used for testing an electrical switch was accidentally pressed, cutting off fuel to the boiler unit, according to the root-cause analysis Tesoro filed with the county's hazardous materials program earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear who pressed the button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were staging and electrical crews working in the area during the time of the incident,\" said James Jeter, an environmental health and safety manager at Tesoro, in the report. \"In addition the area is congested and the button is at elbow height.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro may not have known the button could disrupt operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they didn't realize if that button was pressed that it would shut down the whole system,\" said Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa County's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer. \"Someone could have been working around it, and they could have hit it with their elbow and not even realize they did it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A boiler that produces steam is located inside the refinery's power plant. That plant connects to equipment throughout the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the button was pressed, power was shut off to a valve that controls how much gas is brought into the boiler unit. The boiler shut down, stopping steam from driving some of the refinery's compressors and pumps, causing them to turn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high pressure gas in those units then went to the facility's vent system. Because the refinery wasn't able to produce steam, instead of just flaring, Tesoro sent a large plume of smoke into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a vulnerable point,\" said Eric Smith, associate director of the Tulane Energy Institute, who read the company's report and specializes in oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Tesoro put a physical covering around the test button to make it harder for it to be accidentally pressed. In January, it removed the button entirely, said company spokeswoman Patty Deutsche in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No more possibility of human factors for that issue,\" she said. \"We took it one step further.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is investigating the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency issued a notice of violation for excessive smoke, according to district spokeswoman Kristine Roselius. When the district's probe ends, it's expected to decide what kind of fine Tesoro will face, Roselius said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A large part of Tesoro's Martinez refinery shut down last December because someone accidentally pressed the wrong button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company spent the last few months working to ensure that its workers don't inadvertently cause the facility's main units to break down like they did Dec. 15 -- an incident that will lead local air regulators to penalize the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro's brief shutdown caused flaring and sent a large \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/15/martinez-refinery-flare-prompts-health-advisory\" target=\"_blank\">plume of black smoke\u003c/a> into the air, prompting Contra Costa County officials to issue a health alert for several communities near the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials later disclosed that Tesoro \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/21/tesoro-mistakenly-issued-test-alert-during-martinez-refinery-problem\" target=\"_blank\">mistakenly issued a test alert\u003c/a> in the middle of the real emergency, leading to a delay of a public warning about the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has now released the results of its investigation into why the refinery lost fuel gas used to power a boiler unit, halting the facility's operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A button used for testing an electrical switch was accidentally pressed, cutting off fuel to the boiler unit, according to the root-cause analysis Tesoro filed with the county's hazardous materials program earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear who pressed the button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There were staging and electrical crews working in the area during the time of the incident,\" said James Jeter, an environmental health and safety manager at Tesoro, in the report. \"In addition the area is congested and the button is at elbow height.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesoro may not have known the button could disrupt operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they didn't realize if that button was pressed that it would shut down the whole system,\" said Randy Sawyer, Contra Costa County's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer. \"Someone could have been working around it, and they could have hit it with their elbow and not even realize they did it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A boiler that produces steam is located inside the refinery's power plant. That plant connects to equipment throughout the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the button was pressed, power was shut off to a valve that controls how much gas is brought into the boiler unit. The boiler shut down, stopping steam from driving some of the refinery's compressors and pumps, causing them to turn off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high pressure gas in those units then went to the facility's vent system. Because the refinery wasn't able to produce steam, instead of just flaring, Tesoro sent a large plume of smoke into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a vulnerable point,\" said Eric Smith, associate director of the Tulane Energy Institute, who read the company's report and specializes in oil and gas production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Tesoro put a physical covering around the test button to make it harder for it to be accidentally pressed. In January, it removed the button entirely, said company spokeswoman Patty Deutsche in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No more possibility of human factors for that issue,\" she said. \"We took it one step further.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District is investigating the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency issued a notice of violation for excessive smoke, according to district spokeswoman Kristine Roselius. When the district's probe ends, it's expected to decide what kind of fine Tesoro will face, Roselius said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
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