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"content": "\u003cp>California's fire marshal has launched an investigation into an oil pipeline rupture that spilled at least 20,000 gallons of crude near Tracy over the weekend -- eight months after the same pipeline had a break in a similar location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell Pipeline crews are still cleaning up from the most recent spill near Interstate 580 and the border between Alameda and San Joaquin counties four days after the 24-inch diameter line broke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews with the oil giant were able to complete repairs on the pipe on Monday, according to a Shell official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pipeline stretches from Coalinga in Fresno County to Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rupture on the line was first reported at 3 a.m. on Friday, said Lisa Medina, an environmental specialist at the San Joaquin County Environmental Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell discovered a loss of pressure in the pipeline, filed a \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/f97b373baa37342988257fba007715b5?OpenDocument\">report \u003c/a>with the Governor's Office of Emergency Services and then shut the line down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County officials believe the spill covered an area 250 feet long by 40 feet wide, Medina said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preliminary test of the pipeline found a split of approximately 18 to 20 inches in length, said company spokesman Ray Fisher in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher also confirmed that the same pipeline ruptured and caused an oil spill in the same vicinity, near West Patterson Pass Road, last Sept. 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a link to \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/a16ff4324628295e88257ec3005dab60?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,15-5478\" target=\"_blank\">Shell's report\u003c/a> on that incident that found the rupture spilled 21,000 gallons of oil, about the same amount as Friday's break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher said Shell inspects its pipelines every three years, and the company conducted an inspection of the line after the September incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the line has no history of corrosion problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what caused the most recent spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, state fire officials confirmed that the Office of the State Fire Marshal had opened a probe into the pipeline rupture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators are not investigating the break, but are providing technical support to the state, said an official with the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill prompted concerns from environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Club representatives pointed out that the spill near the Altamont Pass came weeks after Shell spilled about 90,000 gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico and a year after a major spill involving another company's pipeline on the Santa Barbara County coast. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sadly, it's become undeniable that oil spills will remain the status quo if we continue our dependence on dirty fuels,\" said the Sierra Club's Lena Moffitt in a statement. \"This is just Shell's latest disaster and the company has done nothing to assuage fears that it can stop its reckless actions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The environmental impacts could be very serious,\" Patrick Sullivan, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity, said in an interview. Sullivan said the spill could hurt birds and other animals in the area and could contaminate nearby groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water regulators, though, say they're not concerned the spill could affect water in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the location and the relatively limited extent of the spill, it is highly unlikely that the spill would affect underlying groundwater and even more unlikely that it would impact any drinking water supplies,\" said Miryam Baras, a spokeswoman for the State Water Resources Control Board, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan also questioned whether Shell's statements on the size of the oil spill were correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know how much oil has been spilled,\" Sullivan said. \"With previous pipeline spills the initial estimates have sometimes turned out to be wrong. They've turned out to be under-estimates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher, the Shell spokesman, said the company had not revised its estimates.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "Conservationists say environmental impacts from spill east of Altamont Pass could be serious. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's fire marshal has launched an investigation into an oil pipeline rupture that spilled at least 20,000 gallons of crude near Tracy over the weekend -- eight months after the same pipeline had a break in a similar location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell Pipeline crews are still cleaning up from the most recent spill near Interstate 580 and the border between Alameda and San Joaquin counties four days after the 24-inch diameter line broke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews with the oil giant were able to complete repairs on the pipe on Monday, according to a Shell official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pipeline stretches from Coalinga in Fresno County to Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rupture on the line was first reported at 3 a.m. on Friday, said Lisa Medina, an environmental specialist at the San Joaquin County Environmental Health Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell discovered a loss of pressure in the pipeline, filed a \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/f97b373baa37342988257fba007715b5?OpenDocument\">report \u003c/a>with the Governor's Office of Emergency Services and then shut the line down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Joaquin County officials believe the spill covered an area 250 feet long by 40 feet wide, Medina said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A preliminary test of the pipeline found a split of approximately 18 to 20 inches in length, said company spokesman Ray Fisher in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher also confirmed that the same pipeline ruptured and caused an oil spill in the same vicinity, near West Patterson Pass Road, last Sept. 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's a link to \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/a16ff4324628295e88257ec3005dab60?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,15-5478\" target=\"_blank\">Shell's report\u003c/a> on that incident that found the rupture spilled 21,000 gallons of oil, about the same amount as Friday's break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher said Shell inspects its pipelines every three years, and the company conducted an inspection of the line after the September incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that the line has no history of corrosion problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what caused the most recent spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, state fire officials confirmed that the Office of the State Fire Marshal had opened a probe into the pipeline rupture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal regulators are not investigating the break, but are providing technical support to the state, said an official with the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill prompted concerns from environmentalists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierra Club representatives pointed out that the spill near the Altamont Pass came weeks after Shell spilled about 90,000 gallons of oil into the Gulf of Mexico and a year after a major spill involving another company's pipeline on the Santa Barbara County coast. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sadly, it's become undeniable that oil spills will remain the status quo if we continue our dependence on dirty fuels,\" said the Sierra Club's Lena Moffitt in a statement. \"This is just Shell's latest disaster and the company has done nothing to assuage fears that it can stop its reckless actions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The environmental impacts could be very serious,\" Patrick Sullivan, a spokesman for the Center for Biological Diversity, said in an interview. Sullivan said the spill could hurt birds and other animals in the area and could contaminate nearby groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State water regulators, though, say they're not concerned the spill could affect water in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given the location and the relatively limited extent of the spill, it is highly unlikely that the spill would affect underlying groundwater and even more unlikely that it would impact any drinking water supplies,\" said Miryam Baras, a spokeswoman for the State Water Resources Control Board, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan also questioned whether Shell's statements on the size of the oil spill were correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know how much oil has been spilled,\" Sullivan said. \"With previous pipeline spills the initial estimates have sometimes turned out to be wrong. They've turned out to be under-estimates.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fisher, the Shell spokesman, said the company had not revised its estimates.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "A Warming World Means Less Water, With Economic Consequences",
"headTitle": "A Warming World Means Less Water, With Economic Consequences | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>We often associate climate change with too much water — the melting ice caps triggering a rise in sea levels. Now a new World Bank report says we also need to think about too little water — the potable sort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/publication/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy\">High and Dry: Climate Change, Water, and the Economy\u003c/a> examines the future effects of diminishing water supplies on the world. “Water-related climate risks cascade through food, energy, urban, and environmental systems,” researchers write. “Growing populations, rising incomes, and expanding cities will converge upon a world where the demand for water rises exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”UfkPBH7ceMQyx4UIV3DYzmPZwo3IUd0W”]The World Bank says that in areas where water is readily available, like Central Africa and East Asia, it could become harder to find. And in areas like the Middle East, already facing water problems, “scarcity will greatly worsen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also note the spikes in food prices a water shortage would cause, which in turn would likely lead to conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all fairly evident consequences of global warming. The report treads new ground, however, in evaluating the economic impacts of this water scarcity. Researchers say water shortages could cause certain areas to lose as much as 6 percent of their gross domestic product “as a result of water-related losses in agriculture, health, income, and property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report emphasizes three ways to mitigate the problems. The first is “better planning and incentives.” This involves things like using water prices and permits wisely to ensure water is used for “higher-value” purposes. The authors say that paradoxically, in societies where water is considered free, the poor end up paying more for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, they advise expanding “water supply and availability,” through more dams, water recycling and even sometimes desalination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They finally advise ” ‘water proofing’ economies” to economic shocks. They advocate crop insurance for farmers and building walls and levees to protect cities from floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Damania led the team that wrote the report. He joined NPR’s Michel Martin from Colombo in Sri Lanka, a country that has recently experienced water problems of its own, in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/19/478679396/photos-rain-hampers-search-for-families-missing-after-sri-lankan-landslides\">torrential rain\u003c/a> and flooding. He talked more about what the report shows, why economies need water and why pricing water may be better for the world’s poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Interview highlights contain some extended, Web-only answers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Interview Highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what the report shows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there are two important things that this report highlights. The first is that … the major impacts of climate change are felt through water — through the hydrological cycle. Through things like more intense rainfall, droughts, cyclones. Indeed, I’m here in Colombo and it’s pouring with rain and there’s a threat of floods. There’s intense bouts of rainfall which are unseasonal and unexpected. That’s one impact of climate change and that’s one of the things that the report highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also highlights that if you happen to have, in some senses, the misfortune of living in an area that’s dry, most likely you’re going to get even drier because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important point: We all know that we need water to live. But seldom do we recognize that the economy also needs water. So when you have insufficient water, this also acts as a drag on economic performance and therefore a drag on growth as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how they determined that climate change could cost some regions up to 6 percent of GDP\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We combined a model of climate change with a hydrological cycle and fed the results of that model into a very standard economic model — the sorts of economic models that are used routinely by economists. And we had water in that economic model. In most economic models water is actually ignored — we introduced water into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then we fed through what would be the likely consequences of climate change shrinking, shriveling supplies of water on economic growth. If you don’t have the water and your business needs water, of course this is going to increase your costs. Costs go up, therefore growth tends to be affected by it. So it’s quite logical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why many researchers haven’t studied water access economics before\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that’s partly because we tend to take water for granted, because we assume that it’s so abundant. Once upon a time water was very abundant. Today the world in which we live in, water is no longer terribly abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So all over the world, you have growing populations, growing demand for water. Combine that with more heat, more evaporation of the water, climate change changing the cycle, and we really are set for a somewhat different world to what we’ve been experiencing in the past and today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On transferring water from places that have too much to places with too little\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the report tries to emphasize is the following: That, if you have a shortage of water, there’s really only three things that you can do. You can try to increase the supply of water, but that’s dreadfully expensive, because all of the easy locations for water storage have been used up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or you could go to really expensive solutions like desalination or water reuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot more effort needs to be spent on managing demand. And we need to manage the demand for water in two ways. One, to be more efficient in how we use water — in other words, not to waste water. And secondly and related to that, we need to find ways of trying to allocate water from low-value-added wasteful uses to more higher-value-added uses that generate more growth and generate more employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put this into context, let me try to give you a list. There’s a couple of examples. Today in a lot of countries that are water-scarce, more water is lost through leaking pipes than is actually delivered to people in their taps and in their faucets. I mean, it’s quite obvious we need to fix those leaks, though they’re quite expensive to fix, but it clearly pays for itself in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also observe that in a lot of countries that are awfully dry, we provide them with, say, irrigation, and they tend to grow rice and water-thirsty crops — where really in deserts and arid regions one really shouldn’t be growing those water-thirsty crops. And one reason why that happens is because of the allocation of water. So rather than, say, allocating that water to a higher-value crop or a higher-valued industrial use or the city, it goes to something of lower value with lower yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these are the kinds of shifts that need to actually happen. Some are easier to make than others, but they are long-term shifts and we need to start preparing and making them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the report’s finding that “free water” actually costs the poor money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s step back a little. Water is a human right and there’s a United Nations resolution about it which declares water is a human right, and requires that water is provided at an affordable price for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a lot of countries where water is provided free, when water is free it tends to be served to those that have the political clout. And as a consequence … usually the people that have the political clout are the ones that are rich. So the poor are unserved, and they have to go to water vendors. And they typically pay three to four times the price per drop of water than would the person who’s either getting the water free or getting the water subsidized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we get these perverse effects that occur when no price is attached — at least to water that’s delivered to rich homes or to industrial users. It’s quite reasonable I think to suggest that as you pay for all inputs when you produce something and make a profit, it’s reasonable to also pay for water if you use that as an input into production and make a profit out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, we need to be extremely cautious and ensure that everyone gets adequate supplies of water, and there’s adequate flows for the environment as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some examples of countries where this happens?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can literally pick your country on the map where we have informal settlements — for example, where we have slums. And typically, there are no pipes to the slums — in most cases, nine times out of 10 I don’t have to name any country. And you will find that those people in the poor quarters of the city don’t have pipes and are unserved or underserved. Even if they have pipes, there’s no water being delivered into those pipes. What do they have to do? They have to go to vendors and they have to buy the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some countries, in addition, actually selling water is illegal. So this is all done on the black market, which could raise the price even further. So it’s not an uncommon phenomenon; it’s very, very widely observed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Warming+World+Means+Less+Water%2C+With+Economic+Consequences&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>We often associate climate change with too much water — the melting ice caps triggering a rise in sea levels. Now a new World Bank report says we also need to think about too little water — the potable sort.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/water/publication/high-and-dry-climate-change-water-and-the-economy\">High and Dry: Climate Change, Water, and the Economy\u003c/a> examines the future effects of diminishing water supplies on the world. “Water-related climate risks cascade through food, energy, urban, and environmental systems,” researchers write. “Growing populations, rising incomes, and expanding cities will converge upon a world where the demand for water rises exponentially, while supply becomes more erratic and uncertain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The World Bank says that in areas where water is readily available, like Central Africa and East Asia, it could become harder to find. And in areas like the Middle East, already facing water problems, “scarcity will greatly worsen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also note the spikes in food prices a water shortage would cause, which in turn would likely lead to conflict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are all fairly evident consequences of global warming. The report treads new ground, however, in evaluating the economic impacts of this water scarcity. Researchers say water shortages could cause certain areas to lose as much as 6 percent of their gross domestic product “as a result of water-related losses in agriculture, health, income, and property.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report emphasizes three ways to mitigate the problems. The first is “better planning and incentives.” This involves things like using water prices and permits wisely to ensure water is used for “higher-value” purposes. The authors say that paradoxically, in societies where water is considered free, the poor end up paying more for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, they advise expanding “water supply and availability,” through more dams, water recycling and even sometimes desalination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They finally advise ” ‘water proofing’ economies” to economic shocks. They advocate crop insurance for farmers and building walls and levees to protect cities from floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Damania led the team that wrote the report. He joined NPR’s Michel Martin from Colombo in Sri Lanka, a country that has recently experienced water problems of its own, in the form of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/05/19/478679396/photos-rain-hampers-search-for-families-missing-after-sri-lankan-landslides\">torrential rain\u003c/a> and flooding. He talked more about what the report shows, why economies need water and why pricing water may be better for the world’s poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Interview highlights contain some extended, Web-only answers.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>Interview Highlights\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what the report shows\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think there are two important things that this report highlights. The first is that … the major impacts of climate change are felt through water — through the hydrological cycle. Through things like more intense rainfall, droughts, cyclones. Indeed, I’m here in Colombo and it’s pouring with rain and there’s a threat of floods. There’s intense bouts of rainfall which are unseasonal and unexpected. That’s one impact of climate change and that’s one of the things that the report highlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also highlights that if you happen to have, in some senses, the misfortune of living in an area that’s dry, most likely you’re going to get even drier because of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important point: We all know that we need water to live. But seldom do we recognize that the economy also needs water. So when you have insufficient water, this also acts as a drag on economic performance and therefore a drag on growth as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On how they determined that climate change could cost some regions up to 6 percent of GDP\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We combined a model of climate change with a hydrological cycle and fed the results of that model into a very standard economic model — the sorts of economic models that are used routinely by economists. And we had water in that economic model. In most economic models water is actually ignored — we introduced water into it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then we fed through what would be the likely consequences of climate change shrinking, shriveling supplies of water on economic growth. If you don’t have the water and your business needs water, of course this is going to increase your costs. Costs go up, therefore growth tends to be affected by it. So it’s quite logical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why many researchers haven’t studied water access economics before\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think that’s partly because we tend to take water for granted, because we assume that it’s so abundant. Once upon a time water was very abundant. Today the world in which we live in, water is no longer terribly abundant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So all over the world, you have growing populations, growing demand for water. Combine that with more heat, more evaporation of the water, climate change changing the cycle, and we really are set for a somewhat different world to what we’ve been experiencing in the past and today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On transferring water from places that have too much to places with too little\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the report tries to emphasize is the following: That, if you have a shortage of water, there’s really only three things that you can do. You can try to increase the supply of water, but that’s dreadfully expensive, because all of the easy locations for water storage have been used up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or you could go to really expensive solutions like desalination or water reuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot more effort needs to be spent on managing demand. And we need to manage the demand for water in two ways. One, to be more efficient in how we use water — in other words, not to waste water. And secondly and related to that, we need to find ways of trying to allocate water from low-value-added wasteful uses to more higher-value-added uses that generate more growth and generate more employment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put this into context, let me try to give you a list. There’s a couple of examples. Today in a lot of countries that are water-scarce, more water is lost through leaking pipes than is actually delivered to people in their taps and in their faucets. I mean, it’s quite obvious we need to fix those leaks, though they’re quite expensive to fix, but it clearly pays for itself in the long run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We also observe that in a lot of countries that are awfully dry, we provide them with, say, irrigation, and they tend to grow rice and water-thirsty crops — where really in deserts and arid regions one really shouldn’t be growing those water-thirsty crops. And one reason why that happens is because of the allocation of water. So rather than, say, allocating that water to a higher-value crop or a higher-valued industrial use or the city, it goes to something of lower value with lower yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So these are the kinds of shifts that need to actually happen. Some are easier to make than others, but they are long-term shifts and we need to start preparing and making them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On the report’s finding that “free water” actually costs the poor money\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s step back a little. Water is a human right and there’s a United Nations resolution about it which declares water is a human right, and requires that water is provided at an affordable price for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a lot of countries where water is provided free, when water is free it tends to be served to those that have the political clout. And as a consequence … usually the people that have the political clout are the ones that are rich. So the poor are unserved, and they have to go to water vendors. And they typically pay three to four times the price per drop of water than would the person who’s either getting the water free or getting the water subsidized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we get these perverse effects that occur when no price is attached — at least to water that’s delivered to rich homes or to industrial users. It’s quite reasonable I think to suggest that as you pay for all inputs when you produce something and make a profit, it’s reasonable to also pay for water if you use that as an input into production and make a profit out of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, we need to be extremely cautious and ensure that everyone gets adequate supplies of water, and there’s adequate flows for the environment as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are some examples of countries where this happens?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can literally pick your country on the map where we have informal settlements — for example, where we have slums. And typically, there are no pipes to the slums — in most cases, nine times out of 10 I don’t have to name any country. And you will find that those people in the poor quarters of the city don’t have pipes and are unserved or underserved. Even if they have pipes, there’s no water being delivered into those pipes. What do they have to do? They have to go to vendors and they have to buy the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Wednesday California will likely revise its drought rules, ending a year of local conservation quotas handed down by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board will abandon its formula — decried by some local agencies as a “one-size-fits-all” model — which required each water district to curb water use by a certain state-mandated percentage and instead, let districts determine how much they should save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won't be a free-for-all. Under the staff proposal being considered today by the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>, local suppliers would need to apply hypothetical “stress tests.” Their savings targets would then be based on anticipated water shortfalls over the next three years — assuming the next three mimic the last three in terms of water demand and drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>‘You don't like to fine people but unfortunately that's how you get people's attention.'\u003ccite>Greg OlzackCity of Atwater water cop\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We're making a shift that recognizes the supply conditions have improved,” said the water board's Max Gomberg. “We're setting up something that is going to be in place, really, for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water board says it's partially reacting to more than \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/comments120215/index.shtml\">150 disgruntled letters \u003c/a>it received. But however maligned, the emergency system of state-imposed quotas largely worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over Governor Jerry Brown's declared nine-month drought emergency, from June 2015 to February 2016, urban consumers saved 1.19 million acre-feet of water, compared to 2013. That's enough to supply nearly 6 million people for a year, and fell just short of the governor's 25 percent goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the state's 411 largest water districts, 199 or just under half, met or exceeded their cumulative goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standouts included Cambria Community Services District, Menlo Park, Dublin San Ramon Services, Soquel Creek Water District and Santa Barbara — each saved 20 percent more water than state water officials required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.3.0 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr><iframe src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/fPRoR/3/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/18/some-water-suppliers-resisted-drought-measures-but-data-shows-they-worked/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More ...\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/18/some-water-suppliers-resisted-drought-measures-but-data-shows-they-worked/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Some Water Suppliers Resisted Drought Measures, But Data Shows They Worked\" rel=\"nofollow\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Wednesday California will likely revise its drought rules, ending a year of local conservation quotas handed down by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board will abandon its formula — decried by some local agencies as a “one-size-fits-all” model — which required each water district to curb water use by a certain state-mandated percentage and instead, let districts determine how much they should save.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It won't be a free-for-all. Under the staff proposal being considered today by the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Control Board\u003c/a>, local suppliers would need to apply hypothetical “stress tests.” Their savings targets would then be based on anticipated water shortfalls over the next three years — assuming the next three mimic the last three in terms of water demand and drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>‘You don't like to fine people but unfortunately that's how you get people's attention.'\u003ccite>Greg OlzackCity of Atwater water cop\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We're making a shift that recognizes the supply conditions have improved,” said the water board's Max Gomberg. “We're setting up something that is going to be in place, really, for the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state water board says it's partially reacting to more than \u003ca target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/waterrights/water_issues/programs/drought/comments120215/index.shtml\">150 disgruntled letters \u003c/a>it received. But however maligned, the emergency system of state-imposed quotas largely worked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over Governor Jerry Brown's declared nine-month drought emergency, from June 2015 to February 2016, urban consumers saved 1.19 million acre-feet of water, compared to 2013. That's enough to supply nearly 6 million people for a year, and fell just short of the governor's 25 percent goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the state's 411 largest water districts, 199 or just under half, met or exceeded their cumulative goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standouts included Cambria Community Services District, Menlo Park, Dublin San Ramon Services, Soquel Creek Water District and Santa Barbara — each saved 20 percent more water than state water officials required.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.3.0 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr><iframe src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/fPRoR/3/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/18/some-water-suppliers-resisted-drought-measures-but-data-shows-they-worked/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow\" id=\"rssmi_more\">Read More ...\u003c/a> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/18/some-water-suppliers-resisted-drought-measures-but-data-shows-they-worked/\" target=\"_blank\" title=\"Some Water Suppliers Resisted Drought Measures, But Data Shows They Worked\" rel=\"nofollow\">Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Criminal Charges in 2015 Santa Barbara County Oil Spill",
"title": "Criminal Charges in 2015 Santa Barbara County Oil Spill",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — A Texas pipeline company that spilled more than 140,000 gallons of crude oil on the California coast last year was indicted on dozens of criminal charges in the disaster that closed popular beaches and killed sea lions and birds, prosecutors said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains All American Pipeline and one of its employees face 46 counts of state law violations in the May 19, 2015, spill that initially went undetected when a severely corroded 2-foot-wide pipe ruptured and oil began pouring onto a pristine beach on the Santa Barbara coastline and flowing out to sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains was charged in Santa Barbara Superior Court with four felony counts of spilling oil in state waters and could face fines of up to $2.8 million if convicted of all the charges, prosecutors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264760658\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The carelessness of Plains All American harmed hundreds of species and marine life off Refugio Beach,\" California Attorney General Kamala Harris said in a statement. \"This conduct is criminal, and today's charges serve as a powerful reminder of the consequences that flow from jeopardizing the well-being of our ecosystems and public health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill two weeks before Memorial Day weekend last year forced the state to close popular beaches as an oil plume spread nine miles into the Pacific Ocean. Tar balls from the oil washed up more than 100 miles away on Los Angeles County beaches and more than 220 birds, such as pelicans, and nearly 140 marine mammals, mostly sea lions, were found dead in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Houston-based company faces three dozen misdemeanor counts of harming wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vRIRevVSJAMUA4xKMOrBkpPLUnlgCth9\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains said in a statement that the spill was an accident and believes no criminal behavior occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will demonstrate that the charges have no merit and represent an inappropriate attempt to criminalize an unfortunate accident,\" the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill was a grim reminder of a much larger disaster in 1969 when an offshore oil rig blowout blackened Santa Barbara beaches, killed wildlife and created a backlash that helped give birth to the environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Plains rupture was the largest coastal oil spill in the U.S. since the BP's Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico six years ago killed 11 rig workers and spewed millions of gallons of crude. BP settled federal criminal charges by pleading guilty to 12 felony counts and two misdemeanors and reached a $20 billion settlement with the Justice Department for environmental damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains could still face federal criminal charges for last year's spill. The Department of Transportation's pipeline enforcement agency is expected to release results this spring of its year-long investigation into the disaster's cause and could issue fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial investigation results have pointed to a badly corroded pipeline that had undergone strength tests just weeks before the spill, but the results had not been analyzed before it broke. Preliminary reports also show it took hours for Plains to recognize what happened before notifying officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Plains employee and the company were charged in the indictment with misdemeanor counts of failing to report the spill quickly enough to state emergency officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Buchanan, 41, the company's environmental and regulatory compliance specialist, faces up to three years if convicted of three counts, prosecutors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company and Buchanan are scheduled for arraignment June 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains said it had cooperated fully in the investigation, but Harris said at a news conference the company had been \"far less than cooperative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges were welcomed by environmental groups, who said it would hold the company accountable and send a strong message to other companies in the petroleum industry to eliminate the risk of spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many local residents didn't think Plains took the spill seriously even as a representative apologized at regular press conferences and the company sent postcards across the county to apologize \"for the inconvenience,\" said Linda Krop, chief counsel for the Environmental Defense Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That really insulted everybody,\" Krop said. \"It showed that they did not understand the magnitude of this and that they weren't taking responsibility the way they should.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pipeline remains shutdown while the company makes repairs and federal regulators other actions necessary. In the meantime, seven offshore platforms, including three owned by Exxon Mobil, are idle because the pipeline delivered crude they produced to refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill is expected to cost the company $269 million, not counting lost revenue, according to the company's annual report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple class-action lawsuits from landowners, fishermen and business owners who say the spill crippled a thriving tourism industry are still pending. Some investors have filed suit alleging they were misled about the integrity of company pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated and corrected to reflect that the arraignment is scheduled June 2, not June 6.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Garske contributed to this story from Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — A Texas pipeline company that spilled more than 140,000 gallons of crude oil on the California coast last year was indicted on dozens of criminal charges in the disaster that closed popular beaches and killed sea lions and birds, prosecutors said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains All American Pipeline and one of its employees face 46 counts of state law violations in the May 19, 2015, spill that initially went undetected when a severely corroded 2-foot-wide pipe ruptured and oil began pouring onto a pristine beach on the Santa Barbara coastline and flowing out to sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains was charged in Santa Barbara Superior Court with four felony counts of spilling oil in state waters and could face fines of up to $2.8 million if convicted of all the charges, prosecutors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264760658&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264760658'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The carelessness of Plains All American harmed hundreds of species and marine life off Refugio Beach,\" California Attorney General Kamala Harris said in a statement. \"This conduct is criminal, and today's charges serve as a powerful reminder of the consequences that flow from jeopardizing the well-being of our ecosystems and public health.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill two weeks before Memorial Day weekend last year forced the state to close popular beaches as an oil plume spread nine miles into the Pacific Ocean. Tar balls from the oil washed up more than 100 miles away on Los Angeles County beaches and more than 220 birds, such as pelicans, and nearly 140 marine mammals, mostly sea lions, were found dead in the aftermath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Houston-based company faces three dozen misdemeanor counts of harming wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains said in a statement that the spill was an accident and believes no criminal behavior occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We will demonstrate that the charges have no merit and represent an inappropriate attempt to criminalize an unfortunate accident,\" the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill was a grim reminder of a much larger disaster in 1969 when an offshore oil rig blowout blackened Santa Barbara beaches, killed wildlife and created a backlash that helped give birth to the environmental movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Plains rupture was the largest coastal oil spill in the U.S. since the BP's Deepwater Horizon explosion in the Gulf of Mexico six years ago killed 11 rig workers and spewed millions of gallons of crude. BP settled federal criminal charges by pleading guilty to 12 felony counts and two misdemeanors and reached a $20 billion settlement with the Justice Department for environmental damages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains could still face federal criminal charges for last year's spill. The Department of Transportation's pipeline enforcement agency is expected to release results this spring of its year-long investigation into the disaster's cause and could issue fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial investigation results have pointed to a badly corroded pipeline that had undergone strength tests just weeks before the spill, but the results had not been analyzed before it broke. Preliminary reports also show it took hours for Plains to recognize what happened before notifying officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Plains employee and the company were charged in the indictment with misdemeanor counts of failing to report the spill quickly enough to state emergency officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Buchanan, 41, the company's environmental and regulatory compliance specialist, faces up to three years if convicted of three counts, prosecutors said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company and Buchanan are scheduled for arraignment June 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plains said it had cooperated fully in the investigation, but Harris said at a news conference the company had been \"far less than cooperative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The charges were welcomed by environmental groups, who said it would hold the company accountable and send a strong message to other companies in the petroleum industry to eliminate the risk of spills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many local residents didn't think Plains took the spill seriously even as a representative apologized at regular press conferences and the company sent postcards across the county to apologize \"for the inconvenience,\" said Linda Krop, chief counsel for the Environmental Defense Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That really insulted everybody,\" Krop said. \"It showed that they did not understand the magnitude of this and that they weren't taking responsibility the way they should.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pipeline remains shutdown while the company makes repairs and federal regulators other actions necessary. In the meantime, seven offshore platforms, including three owned by Exxon Mobil, are idle because the pipeline delivered crude they produced to refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spill is expected to cost the company $269 million, not counting lost revenue, according to the company's annual report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple class-action lawsuits from landowners, fishermen and business owners who say the spill crippled a thriving tourism industry are still pending. Some investors have filed suit alleging they were misled about the integrity of company pipelines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated and corrected to reflect that the arraignment is scheduled June 2, not June 6.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jennifer Garske contributed to this story from Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A story that started off as viral catnip highlighting the thoughtlessness of tourists took a dark turn on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/news/16024.htm\">The National Park Service announced\u003c/a> that a bison calf, which was put in the back of a van by tourists at Yellowstone National Park who thought it looked cold, had to be euthanized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of the tourists went viral over the weekend after a picture of the baby bison in the van was posted online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eastidahonews.com/2016/05/yellowstone-tourists-worried-bison-calf-is-cold-so-they-put-it-in-their-car/\">East Idaho News reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"[Karen Richardson of Victor, who posted the picture,] says on Monday, as students were being taught at Lamar Buffalo Ranch, a father and son pulled up at the ranger station with a bison calf in their SUV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'They were demanding to speak with a ranger,' Richardson tells EastIdahoNews.com. 'They were seriously worried that the calf was freezing and dying.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rob Heusevelet, a father of a student, told the men to remove the bison from their car and warned they could be in trouble for having the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'They didn't care,' Heusevelet says. 'They sincerely thought they were doing a service and helping that calf by trying to save it from the cold.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The tourists were ticketed, but today the Park Service said that following the incident, the baby bison was rejected by its family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Interference by people can cause mothers to reject their offspring,\" the Park Service wrote in a statement. \"In this case, park rangers tried repeatedly to reunite the newborn bison calf with the herd. These efforts failed. The bison calf was later euthanized because it was abandoned and causing a dangerous situation by continually approaching people and cars along the roadway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bison, by the way, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/29/476192259/the-bison-is-poised-to-become-the-u-s-national-mammal\">just became the U.S. national mammal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Baby+Bison+That+Was+Placed+In+A+Van+By+Tourists+In+Yellowstone+Is+Euthanized+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A story that started off as viral catnip highlighting the thoughtlessness of tourists took a dark turn on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/news/16024.htm\">The National Park Service announced\u003c/a> that a bison calf, which was put in the back of a van by tourists at Yellowstone National Park who thought it looked cold, had to be euthanized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of the tourists went viral over the weekend after a picture of the baby bison in the van was posted online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.eastidahonews.com/2016/05/yellowstone-tourists-worried-bison-calf-is-cold-so-they-put-it-in-their-car/\">East Idaho News reported\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"[Karen Richardson of Victor, who posted the picture,] says on Monday, as students were being taught at Lamar Buffalo Ranch, a father and son pulled up at the ranger station with a bison calf in their SUV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'They were demanding to speak with a ranger,' Richardson tells EastIdahoNews.com. 'They were seriously worried that the calf was freezing and dying.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rob Heusevelet, a father of a student, told the men to remove the bison from their car and warned they could be in trouble for having the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'They didn't care,' Heusevelet says. 'They sincerely thought they were doing a service and helping that calf by trying to save it from the cold.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The tourists were ticketed, but today the Park Service said that following the incident, the baby bison was rejected by its family.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Interference by people can cause mothers to reject their offspring,\" the Park Service wrote in a statement. \"In this case, park rangers tried repeatedly to reunite the newborn bison calf with the herd. These efforts failed. The bison calf was later euthanized because it was abandoned and causing a dangerous situation by continually approaching people and cars along the roadway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bison, by the way, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/29/476192259/the-bison-is-poised-to-become-the-u-s-national-mammal\">just became the U.S. national mammal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Baby+Bison+That+Was+Placed+In+A+Van+By+Tourists+In+Yellowstone+Is+Euthanized+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Answering a reporter's call on Sunday, Contra Costa County beekeeper Norman Lott was asked if he was the man who had come face to face with an angry swarm of honeybees in Concord over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Butt to face is more like it,\" Lott said, referring to the fact the bees stung him repeatedly on Saturday as he tried to help contain the swarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insects, which Lott and others say they believe to be hybridized \"killer\" bees known for their ferocious defensive behavior, were mostly eradicated by Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The killer bee episode began Friday, when a man living on the 3800 block of Hitchcock Drive tried to move a hive in his backyard. The bees responded aggressively to defend the hive -- a hallmark of the hybridized bees that are believed to have descended from \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/repositoryfiles/ca4601p18-69587.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a 1956 effort in Brazil\u003c/a> to cross European honeybees with honeybees from southern Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bees fanned out from the backyard after the hive was disturbed, killing two small dogs in an adjacent yard and stinging people in the area. The resident of the Hitchcock Drive home reportedly responded by removing the hive from which the aggressive bees had emerged. Lott said that only made matters worse because, \"without a queen to cluster to,\" the angry bees were left roaming in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday, bee attacks in the neighborhood were widespread enough that Concord police told residents to stay indoors and advised motorists driving through the area to keep their windows rolled up. Saturday night, most of the remaining hybridized bees were doused with soapy water, killing them, after they returned to the site of their former hive. By Sunday, the bee attacks were pretty much over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott kept several of the dead bees for DNA analysis, the only sure way of distinguishing the hybridized bees from their closely related domestic cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible appearance of the hybridized bees in Concord isn't a complete surprise. After emerging in Brazil in the late 1950s, the aggressive honeybees arrived in Texas in 1990 and reached Southern California in 1994. Last fall, researchers from UC San Diego who have been following the insects' northward progress through the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Killer-bees-found-in-the-Bay-Area-for-the-6535892.php\" target=\"_blank\">announced\u003c/a> they had found the hybrid bees outside Lafayette, near Briones Regional Park. The researchers also found hybridized bees at two places in eastern Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott said the aggressive bees pose a new challenge for beekeepers, who he said need to be vigilant in observing the behavior of their hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only way to control their spread would be recognizing these bees, eradicating them or thinning out that bad DNA\" by replacing the queens in an aggressive hive, Lott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott, who's in his mid-60s, said he's been raising bees in and near Concord since he was 10 years old. The hybridized bees, he said, are just the latest challenge for Bay Area beekeepers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Domestic honeybees have been beset by what \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0029639\" target=\"_blank\">a 2012 study\u003c/a> called \"numerous pathogens and parasites,\" leading to a phenomenon called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/News/docs.htm?docid=15572\" target=\"_blank\">colony collapse disorder\u003c/a> and leading to a widespread shortage of bees for pollinating crops in California and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was a kid growing up in Concord, being a beekeeper was easy, so easy,\" Lott said. \"No diseases to worry about. They requeened themselves. It's totally different now.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Answering a reporter's call on Sunday, Contra Costa County beekeeper Norman Lott was asked if he was the man who had come face to face with an angry swarm of honeybees in Concord over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Butt to face is more like it,\" Lott said, referring to the fact the bees stung him repeatedly on Saturday as he tried to help contain the swarm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The insects, which Lott and others say they believe to be hybridized \"killer\" bees known for their ferocious defensive behavior, were mostly eradicated by Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The killer bee episode began Friday, when a man living on the 3800 block of Hitchcock Drive tried to move a hive in his backyard. The bees responded aggressively to defend the hive -- a hallmark of the hybridized bees that are believed to have descended from \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/repositoryfiles/ca4601p18-69587.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a 1956 effort in Brazil\u003c/a> to cross European honeybees with honeybees from southern Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bees fanned out from the backyard after the hive was disturbed, killing two small dogs in an adjacent yard and stinging people in the area. The resident of the Hitchcock Drive home reportedly responded by removing the hive from which the aggressive bees had emerged. Lott said that only made matters worse because, \"without a queen to cluster to,\" the angry bees were left roaming in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday, bee attacks in the neighborhood were widespread enough that Concord police told residents to stay indoors and advised motorists driving through the area to keep their windows rolled up. Saturday night, most of the remaining hybridized bees were doused with soapy water, killing them, after they returned to the site of their former hive. By Sunday, the bee attacks were pretty much over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott kept several of the dead bees for DNA analysis, the only sure way of distinguishing the hybridized bees from their closely related domestic cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The possible appearance of the hybridized bees in Concord isn't a complete surprise. After emerging in Brazil in the late 1950s, the aggressive honeybees arrived in Texas in 1990 and reached Southern California in 1994. Last fall, researchers from UC San Diego who have been following the insects' northward progress through the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Killer-bees-found-in-the-Bay-Area-for-the-6535892.php\" target=\"_blank\">announced\u003c/a> they had found the hybrid bees outside Lafayette, near Briones Regional Park. The researchers also found hybridized bees at two places in eastern Solano County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott said the aggressive bees pose a new challenge for beekeepers, who he said need to be vigilant in observing the behavior of their hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The only way to control their spread would be recognizing these bees, eradicating them or thinning out that bad DNA\" by replacing the queens in an aggressive hive, Lott said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lott, who's in his mid-60s, said he's been raising bees in and near Concord since he was 10 years old. The hybridized bees, he said, are just the latest challenge for Bay Area beekeepers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Domestic honeybees have been beset by what \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0029639\" target=\"_blank\">a 2012 study\u003c/a> called \"numerous pathogens and parasites,\" leading to a phenomenon called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ars.usda.gov/News/docs.htm?docid=15572\" target=\"_blank\">colony collapse disorder\u003c/a> and leading to a widespread shortage of bees for pollinating crops in California and elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When I was a kid growing up in Concord, being a beekeeper was easy, so easy,\" Lott said. \"No diseases to worry about. They requeened themselves. It's totally different now.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The World According to Sound: Mud You'll Want to Listen To",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>All day we had been driving down streets lined with abandoned homes and undeveloped lots. We stopped to photograph the thousands and thousands of dead fish washed up onshore. It was hot and they were rotting. We met an old man sitting at a desk chair nailed to the end of a wooden dock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Salton Sea is drying up,” he said, “and no one cares.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we talked the wind picked up, blowing polluted, powdery soil off the exposed seabed and into our faces. On the way out of town we saw a brown sign advertising mud pots, a tourist attraction. So we went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264033749\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea is a perfect habitat for mud pots. The area has a \u003ca href=\"http://saltonseamuseum.org/salton_sea_history.html\">peculiar history\u003c/a>. It was once an inland sea, then the delta of the Colorado River. Since the turn of the 20th century it has been a man-made salt lake surrounded by farms. The sea had a brief moment in the 1950s as a resort spot. Real estate boomed, then busted. Today, people come to gawk at the post-apocalyptic landscape and a community of drifters that \u003ca href=\"http://www.salvationmountain.us/\">painted a mountain for Jesus\u003c/a>. Some, though, come to see mud pots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10953528\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 376px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-10953528\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/Sam-Harnett-interviewing-a-mud-pot.-Photo-by-Gundi-Vigfusson-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Mud pots have a lot to say.\" width=\"376\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/Sam-Harnett-interviewing-a-mud-pot.-Photo-by-Gundi-Vigfusson.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/Sam-Harnett-interviewing-a-mud-pot.-Photo-by-Gundi-Vigfusson-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mud pots have a lot to say. \u003ccite>(Gundi Vigfusson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mud pots, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/mudpots.htm\">like these in Yosemite\u003c/a>, form when there is the right combination of geothermal activity, particulate soil and lack of water. The Salton Sea has plenty of geothermal activity. Geothermal power plants circle the shore, marking the landscape with their giant plumes of steam. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of soil, the silty, toxic old seabed is so fine that gusts of wind turn into hazardous duststorms that now \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/11/the-airborne-toxic-lake-event/414888/\">pose a health crisis\u003c/a> for nearby towns. As for water, there’s not much around here besides the increasingly salty sea liquid that has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/us/salton-sea-is-blamed-for-southern-california-stench.html?_r=0\">killed countless tilapia\u003c/a>. It’s a bad place for fish, but a great one for mud pots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We followed the road sign toward the edge of the Salton Sea. The dirt road led to piles of hardened mud, some taller than a man. In the background, a large industrial plant let out a plume of steam, the only landmark on the flat landscape. It was quiet when we shut off the car. That was when we heard one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A burst of steam came up through a pool of silty slurry. We watched mud spurt into the air, shot from below by geothermal heat. There were mud pots all around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"slideshow\" size=\"full\" ids=\"10953549,10953548,10953551,10953550,10953553,10953554,10953527,10953555,10953552,10953556\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mud pots make a great range of noises -- pipping, plopping, plooping sounds. Some speak slowly, some fast. Each pot has its own particular personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recorded some two dozen of these mud pots and mixed together all their different songs. If you want to see a pretty rad short movie that features Salton Sea mud pot footage from the 1940s, check out “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1aL6iavv70\">On The Edge\u003c/a>.” For a more modern take, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9hUsVq9q7U\">here are mud pots\u003c/a> in Yosemite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes from our friends Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett at \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org\">The World According to Sound\u003c/a>. Check out their podcast for more unexpected and delightful audio treats.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos by the inimitable Icelandic photographer \u003ca href=\"http://www.vigfusson.com/#/\">Gundi Vigfusson\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Mud pots only form with the right combination of geothermal activity. These, near the Salton Sea, make a lovely little orchestra.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>All day we had been driving down streets lined with abandoned homes and undeveloped lots. We stopped to photograph the thousands and thousands of dead fish washed up onshore. It was hot and they were rotting. We met an old man sitting at a desk chair nailed to the end of a wooden dock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Salton Sea is drying up,” he said, “and no one cares.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we talked the wind picked up, blowing polluted, powdery soil off the exposed seabed and into our faces. On the way out of town we saw a brown sign advertising mud pots, a tourist attraction. So we went.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264033749&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264033749'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea is a perfect habitat for mud pots. The area has a \u003ca href=\"http://saltonseamuseum.org/salton_sea_history.html\">peculiar history\u003c/a>. It was once an inland sea, then the delta of the Colorado River. Since the turn of the 20th century it has been a man-made salt lake surrounded by farms. The sea had a brief moment in the 1950s as a resort spot. Real estate boomed, then busted. Today, people come to gawk at the post-apocalyptic landscape and a community of drifters that \u003ca href=\"http://www.salvationmountain.us/\">painted a mountain for Jesus\u003c/a>. Some, though, come to see mud pots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10953528\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 376px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-10953528\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/Sam-Harnett-interviewing-a-mud-pot.-Photo-by-Gundi-Vigfusson-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Mud pots have a lot to say.\" width=\"376\" height=\"564\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/Sam-Harnett-interviewing-a-mud-pot.-Photo-by-Gundi-Vigfusson.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/Sam-Harnett-interviewing-a-mud-pot.-Photo-by-Gundi-Vigfusson-400x600.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 376px) 100vw, 376px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mud pots have a lot to say. \u003ccite>(Gundi Vigfusson)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mud pots, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yell/learn/nature/mudpots.htm\">like these in Yosemite\u003c/a>, form when there is the right combination of geothermal activity, particulate soil and lack of water. The Salton Sea has plenty of geothermal activity. Geothermal power plants circle the shore, marking the landscape with their giant plumes of steam. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In terms of soil, the silty, toxic old seabed is so fine that gusts of wind turn into hazardous duststorms that now \u003ca href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2015/11/the-airborne-toxic-lake-event/414888/\">pose a health crisis\u003c/a> for nearby towns. As for water, there’s not much around here besides the increasingly salty sea liquid that has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/12/us/salton-sea-is-blamed-for-southern-california-stench.html?_r=0\">killed countless tilapia\u003c/a>. It’s a bad place for fish, but a great one for mud pots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We followed the road sign toward the edge of the Salton Sea. The dirt road led to piles of hardened mud, some taller than a man. In the background, a large industrial plant let out a plume of steam, the only landmark on the flat landscape. It was quiet when we shut off the car. That was when we heard one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A burst of steam came up through a pool of silty slurry. We watched mud spurt into the air, shot from below by geothermal heat. There were mud pots all around us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mud pots make a great range of noises -- pipping, plopping, plooping sounds. Some speak slowly, some fast. Each pot has its own particular personality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We recorded some two dozen of these mud pots and mixed together all their different songs. If you want to see a pretty rad short movie that features Salton Sea mud pot footage from the 1940s, check out “\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K1aL6iavv70\">On The Edge\u003c/a>.” For a more modern take, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9hUsVq9q7U\">here are mud pots\u003c/a> in Yosemite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story comes from our friends Chris Hoff and Sam Harnett at \u003ca href=\"http://www.theworldaccordingtosound.org\">The World According to Sound\u003c/a>. Check out their podcast for more unexpected and delightful audio treats.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos by the inimitable Icelandic photographer \u003ca href=\"http://www.vigfusson.com/#/\">Gundi Vigfusson\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "After Rough Fire, Millions of Giant Sequoia Seedlings Take Root",
"title": "After Rough Fire, Millions of Giant Sequoia Seedlings Take Root",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The lightning-sparked \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/x08/18/campgrounds-closed-as-fast-moving-sierra-fire-burns-20000-acres\" target=\"_blank\">Rough Fire\u003c/a> burned last year for more than five months, consuming over 150,000 acres of forest in the Sierra Nevada. Now, after a wet winter, the charred forest is slowly coming back to life -- and the first signs of growth are the tiniest of seedlings that may become the world’s largest trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015 the Rough Fire in the mountains east of Fresno grew so large that it threatened 12 different giant sequoia groves. Unlike the millions of pine and fir trees that were decimated by the blaze, giant sequoia trees weren’t taken out altogether. Instead, the Rough Fire actually helped them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of the sequoia groves that burned in the Rough Fire that had never seen fire,” says Tony Caprio, a fire ecologist with Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. \"So those trees have been accumulating cones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264033916\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Rough Fire crept through these groves, Caprio says the fire burned the cones, unleashing oatmeal-like seeds into the fertile soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you get a pulse of heat up into the crown, it dries those cones and then they will open up and release the seeds. Following the fire in the groves, the ground was littered with just millions and millions of seeds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10953941\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10953941\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The Rough Fire tore through 8,888 aces of giant sequoia groves.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rough Fire tore through 8,888 aces of giant sequoia groves. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Caprio, a few other scientists and I are hiking the 1½-mile North Grove Trail in Grant Grove. Caprio says many giant sequoias withstood the Rough Fire because the Park Service used prescribed burns to decrease the chance of high-intensity blazes. The other reason is the sequoia's fibrous bark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has a lot of air pockets in it,\" Caprio says. \"If you come over here and actually knock on it, it actually sounds hollow. So the heat from the fire doesn’t penetrate the tree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little farther down the trail there’s a clear delineation of how prescribed burns can help preserve the landscape. National Park Service Fire Information Officer Mike Theune points to an area west of the trail where everything is charred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fire was so hot,\" says Theune. \"It came up this hill. This is not a place you would want to be. So there was some tree mortality in this inner part.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This area not too far from the famous General Grant Tree was never intentionally burned to reduce the hazards of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YhmbUXMGwTeHNoJHo0pavuA75n2IHsiU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can really see how hot it got in there, up in the canopies, even the giant sequoias,” Theune says. “That’s the heat of the fire. Up to your left you’ll see green. This is an area where the fire literally hit one of our prescribed fire treatments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the fire approached this previously treated area the blaze slowed down, preventing damage to the core of Grant Grove. But despite how dead and scorched this area looks today, at our feet are signs of the forest ready to regenerate itself. All those seeds that the fire unlocked are beginning to sprout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>MIKE THEUNE: “They’re really tiny. Almost smaller than your pinky finger.”\u003cbr>\nEZRA ROMERO: “Do you see one down here?”\u003cbr>\nTHEUNE: “Oh, yeah. I can point them out. They’re little tiny, green... That’s a baby sequoia there. Eventually over 1,000 plus years, one of these baby sequoias will be one of our new giant sequoias.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>He also says so many seeds have germinated that clusters of seedlings are growing up together, which he says usually doesn’t happen. By next year Theune and Caprio expect the seedlings to be joined by ferns and other plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10953980\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10953980\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"Giant sequoia seeds are released from their cones when fire burns them -- and they look a little like oatmeal.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-960x635.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant sequoia seeds are released from their cones when fire burns them -- and they look a little like oatmeal. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It’ll look like there’s a green lawn out there with all the little sequoia seedlings,\" Caprio says. \"The thing we have to think about in the future is how we manage fire in that area, because we want some of those to survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says a prescribed burn a few years ago in another giant sequoia grove taught them how important fire is in thinning out young seedlings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imagine if none of these trees never got thinned out how dense of a forest it would be,\" Theune says. \"So this process takes generations of time. It’s slow, but this is the process of the forest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also hope to apply those lessons to this grove, so in 1,000 years these little seedlings could be some of the largest trees in the world.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/ezra-david-romero\">Ezra David Romero\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The lightning-sparked \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/x08/18/campgrounds-closed-as-fast-moving-sierra-fire-burns-20000-acres\" target=\"_blank\">Rough Fire\u003c/a> burned last year for more than five months, consuming over 150,000 acres of forest in the Sierra Nevada. Now, after a wet winter, the charred forest is slowly coming back to life -- and the first signs of growth are the tiniest of seedlings that may become the world’s largest trees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015 the Rough Fire in the mountains east of Fresno grew so large that it threatened 12 different giant sequoia groves. Unlike the millions of pine and fir trees that were decimated by the blaze, giant sequoia trees weren’t taken out altogether. Instead, the Rough Fire actually helped them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of the sequoia groves that burned in the Rough Fire that had never seen fire,” says Tony Caprio, a fire ecologist with Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks. \"So those trees have been accumulating cones.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264033916&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/264033916'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Rough Fire crept through these groves, Caprio says the fire burned the cones, unleashing oatmeal-like seeds into the fertile soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you get a pulse of heat up into the crown, it dries those cones and then they will open up and release the seeds. Following the fire in the groves, the ground was littered with just millions and millions of seeds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10953941\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10953941\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"The Rough Fire tore through 8,888 aces of giant sequoia groves.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/BurnedSequoia-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Rough Fire tore through 8,888 aces of giant sequoia groves. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Caprio, a few other scientists and I are hiking the 1½-mile North Grove Trail in Grant Grove. Caprio says many giant sequoias withstood the Rough Fire because the Park Service used prescribed burns to decrease the chance of high-intensity blazes. The other reason is the sequoia's fibrous bark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It has a lot of air pockets in it,\" Caprio says. \"If you come over here and actually knock on it, it actually sounds hollow. So the heat from the fire doesn’t penetrate the tree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little farther down the trail there’s a clear delineation of how prescribed burns can help preserve the landscape. National Park Service Fire Information Officer Mike Theune points to an area west of the trail where everything is charred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fire was so hot,\" says Theune. \"It came up this hill. This is not a place you would want to be. So there was some tree mortality in this inner part.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This area not too far from the famous General Grant Tree was never intentionally burned to reduce the hazards of wildfire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can really see how hot it got in there, up in the canopies, even the giant sequoias,” Theune says. “That’s the heat of the fire. Up to your left you’ll see green. This is an area where the fire literally hit one of our prescribed fire treatments.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the fire approached this previously treated area the blaze slowed down, preventing damage to the core of Grant Grove. But despite how dead and scorched this area looks today, at our feet are signs of the forest ready to regenerate itself. All those seeds that the fire unlocked are beginning to sprout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>MIKE THEUNE: “They’re really tiny. Almost smaller than your pinky finger.”\u003cbr>\nEZRA ROMERO: “Do you see one down here?”\u003cbr>\nTHEUNE: “Oh, yeah. I can point them out. They’re little tiny, green... That’s a baby sequoia there. Eventually over 1,000 plus years, one of these baby sequoias will be one of our new giant sequoias.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>He also says so many seeds have germinated that clusters of seedlings are growing up together, which he says usually doesn’t happen. By next year Theune and Caprio expect the seedlings to be joined by ferns and other plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10953980\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10953980\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"Giant sequoia seeds are released from their cones when fire burns them -- and they look a little like oatmeal.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/05/SequoiaSeeds-960x635.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Giant sequoia seeds are released from their cones when fire burns them -- and they look a little like oatmeal. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It’ll look like there’s a green lawn out there with all the little sequoia seedlings,\" Caprio says. \"The thing we have to think about in the future is how we manage fire in that area, because we want some of those to survive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says a prescribed burn a few years ago in another giant sequoia grove taught them how important fire is in thinning out young seedlings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Imagine if none of these trees never got thinned out how dense of a forest it would be,\" Theune says. \"So this process takes generations of time. It’s slow, but this is the process of the forest.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They also hope to apply those lessons to this grove, so in 1,000 years these little seedlings could be some of the largest trees in the world.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "By 2040 We'll Only See a Slight Fall in Fossil Fuels, Says Forecast",
"headTitle": "By 2040 We’ll Only See a Slight Fall in Fossil Fuels, Says Forecast | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Despite the urgency to cut greenhouse gas emissions as climate change bears down on the globe, fossil fuel use is not likely to change much in the coming decades. Though renewable energy will grow quickly though 2040, gasoline and diesel will still move most of the world’s vehicles, and coal will still be the largest single source of carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”C3eZwAnQafrt6zGQCUiaNR9W1uNgpYHX”]Those are the conclusions of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/exec_summ.cfm\">a forecast\u003c/a> released by the federal government on Wednesday for how the world will use energy and what its carbon dioxide emissions will be over the next 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five things to know about the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s World Energy Outlook 2016 and what it might mean for the climate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Carbon Emissions Will Continue Ballooning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global carbon emissions from energy consumption are expected to grow at an average rate of 1 percent per year between 2012 and 2040, growing a total 34 percent in that time as fossil fuels provide the world with more than three quarters of its energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With existing policies and regulations, worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will go from about 32 billion metric tons in 2012 to something like 43 billion metric tons out to the year 2040,” EIA administrator Adam Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed countries are expected see their carbon emissions increase about 9 percent through 2040, but in the developing world, those emissions will spike 51 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because developing countries, particularly China and India, are likely to continue to rely mainly on fossil fuels for their energy. Those countries alone account for 59 percent of the growth in global carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Coal Will Still Be King of Carbon in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless there are unexpected changes in global climate policy over the next 25 years, coal will still be the world’s king of carbon emissions in 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal is expected to account for 38 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2040, down from 43 percent in 2012. Annual growth of coal use by that time is expected to be about 0.6 percent. In 1990, coal was responsible for 39 percent of global carbon emissions. Natural gas, by comparison, will account for 26 percent of global carbon emissions in 2040, up from 20 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is the world’s leader in coal consumption. With \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/china-coal-use-continues-to-fall-20084\">recent announcements\u003c/a> that the country will reduce its use of coal by closing down power plants and shuttering mines, the EIA expects the country’s coal use to peak by 2025 thanks to the its economic slowdown and pledge to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>India is where coal will be used the most in the coming decades as its population, expected to surpass China’s by 2022, explodes and energy demand spikes. Coal produced 72 percent of India’s electricity in 2012, and that’s expected to grow 2.6 percent annually through 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Renewables Growth Soars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind, solar, hydropower and other renewables will be the globe’s fastest-growing electricity source in 2040, growing 2.9 percent annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That growth means that by 2040, renewables, coal and natural gas will each generate about 30 percent of the world’s electricity, with nuclear power and petroleum accounting for the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, electricity generation from renewables will equal that of coal in 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a catch, though: If you ignore hydropower and look mainly at wind, solar and geothermal, those will generate only about 14 percent of the world’s electricity, up from 5 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar power will see the most growth among all the renewables, growing by 8.3 percent each year. That doesn’t add up to much power production overall, though. Solar will account for 15 percent of newly-built renewables through 2040, with hydro and wind each accounting for 33 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Electric Vehicles: Still Not a Hit in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric vehicles may seem poised to be the next big thing to take over the highways in the U.S. today, but globally through the next 25 years, they’re likely to be tiny players. So small that only 1 percent of the global transportation sector is projected to run on electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector of the future is likely to slurp fossil fuels in 2040. About 80 percent of all global transportation will run on gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and 11 percent will run on natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electricity remains a minor fuel for the world’s transportation energy use, although its importance in passenger rail remains high: In 2040, electricity will account for 40 percent of total passenger rail energy consumption,” the forecast says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Paris, Technology Are Big Wild Cards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate policies, such as the Paris Climate Agreement, and advancements in technology are major wild cards when it comes to developing computer models meant to divine how the world will actually use energy in the coming decades and what that will mean for greenhouse gas emissions, Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What actually happens in the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement will be really important,” he said. “2040 is 25 years away. There’s plenty of time for things to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology is also likely to change, and it could bring about a revolution in how the world uses energy. Advancements in battery technology could allow for the storage of more electricity more affordably, while declining costs in renewable electricity could bring major changes in transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that is extremely difficult to model,” Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, previous forecasts missed the U.S. shale oil, gas and fracking boom that occurred over the last decade. No one guessed a decade ago that the U.S. would become the world’s chief crude oil producer as advancements in hydraulic fracturing technology flooded the U.S. market with oil and gas. That boom helped to drive down prices and encourage electric power utilities to move toward natural gas and away from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Fossil fuels will still be the dominate energy source on the planet in 2040, a U.S. government forecast shows.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite the urgency to cut greenhouse gas emissions as climate change bears down on the globe, fossil fuel use is not likely to change much in the coming decades. Though renewable energy will grow quickly though 2040, gasoline and diesel will still move most of the world’s vehicles, and coal will still be the largest single source of carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Those are the conclusions of \u003ca href=\"https://www.eia.gov/forecasts/ieo/exec_summ.cfm\">a forecast\u003c/a> released by the federal government on Wednesday for how the world will use energy and what its carbon dioxide emissions will be over the next 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are five things to know about the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s World Energy Outlook 2016 and what it might mean for the climate:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Carbon Emissions Will Continue Ballooning\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global carbon emissions from energy consumption are expected to grow at an average rate of 1 percent per year between 2012 and 2040, growing a total 34 percent in that time as fossil fuels provide the world with more than three quarters of its energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With existing policies and regulations, worldwide energy-related carbon dioxide emissions will go from about 32 billion metric tons in 2012 to something like 43 billion metric tons out to the year 2040,” EIA administrator Adam Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developed countries are expected see their carbon emissions increase about 9 percent through 2040, but in the developing world, those emissions will spike 51 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because developing countries, particularly China and India, are likely to continue to rely mainly on fossil fuels for their energy. Those countries alone account for 59 percent of the growth in global carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Coal Will Still Be King of Carbon in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless there are unexpected changes in global climate policy over the next 25 years, coal will still be the world’s king of carbon emissions in 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal is expected to account for 38 percent of global carbon dioxide emissions in 2040, down from 43 percent in 2012. Annual growth of coal use by that time is expected to be about 0.6 percent. In 1990, coal was responsible for 39 percent of global carbon emissions. Natural gas, by comparison, will account for 26 percent of global carbon emissions in 2040, up from 20 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>China is the world’s leader in coal consumption. With \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/china-coal-use-continues-to-fall-20084\">recent announcements\u003c/a> that the country will reduce its use of coal by closing down power plants and shuttering mines, the EIA expects the country’s coal use to peak by 2025 thanks to the its economic slowdown and pledge to cut emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>India is where coal will be used the most in the coming decades as its population, expected to surpass China’s by 2022, explodes and energy demand spikes. Coal produced 72 percent of India’s electricity in 2012, and that’s expected to grow 2.6 percent annually through 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Renewables Growth Soars\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wind, solar, hydropower and other renewables will be the globe’s fastest-growing electricity source in 2040, growing 2.9 percent annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That growth means that by 2040, renewables, coal and natural gas will each generate about 30 percent of the world’s electricity, with nuclear power and petroleum accounting for the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, electricity generation from renewables will equal that of coal in 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a catch, though: If you ignore hydropower and look mainly at wind, solar and geothermal, those will generate only about 14 percent of the world’s electricity, up from 5 percent in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar power will see the most growth among all the renewables, growing by 8.3 percent each year. That doesn’t add up to much power production overall, though. Solar will account for 15 percent of newly-built renewables through 2040, with hydro and wind each accounting for 33 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Electric Vehicles: Still Not a Hit in 2040\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Electric vehicles may seem poised to be the next big thing to take over the highways in the U.S. today, but globally through the next 25 years, they’re likely to be tiny players. So small that only 1 percent of the global transportation sector is projected to run on electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The transportation sector of the future is likely to slurp fossil fuels in 2040. About 80 percent of all global transportation will run on gasoline, diesel and jet fuel, and 11 percent will run on natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electricity remains a minor fuel for the world’s transportation energy use, although its importance in passenger rail remains high: In 2040, electricity will account for 40 percent of total passenger rail energy consumption,” the forecast says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Paris, Technology Are Big Wild Cards\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate policies, such as the Paris Climate Agreement, and advancements in technology are major wild cards when it comes to developing computer models meant to divine how the world will actually use energy in the coming decades and what that will mean for greenhouse gas emissions, Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What actually happens in the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement will be really important,” he said. “2040 is 25 years away. There’s plenty of time for things to change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology is also likely to change, and it could bring about a revolution in how the world uses energy. Advancements in battery technology could allow for the storage of more electricity more affordably, while declining costs in renewable electricity could bring major changes in transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All of that is extremely difficult to model,” Sieminski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, previous forecasts missed the U.S. shale oil, gas and fracking boom that occurred over the last decade. No one guessed a decade ago that the U.S. would become the world’s chief crude oil producer as advancements in hydraulic fracturing technology flooded the U.S. market with oil and gas. That boom helped to drive down prices and encourage electric power utilities to move toward natural gas and away from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Front-Runner Harris the Target in U.S. Senate Debate",
"title": "Front-Runner Harris the Target in U.S. Senate Debate",
"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Senate candidate Kamala Harris, the front-runner in the race, fought off attacks from four challengers during a debate Tuesday night at KPBS in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic attorney general for California had the lead in a Field Poll last month, with 27 percent of the vote. The poll also showed 48 percent of likely voters in the race to replace retiring Sen. Barbara Boxer remain undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in opening statements, Republican Duf Sundheim attacked Harris for being a career politician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris later was attacked by her opponents for allowing nuclear waste from the shuttered San Onofre power plant to be buried near the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general said she could not address the question specifically because the California Coastal Commission is involved and that's her client. She said there's an active criminal investigation into the 2013 closure of the nuclear power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to go where the facts lead us,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/263608028\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California Counts — Race for the Senate,\" the second debate of the campaign, was hosted by KPBS in partnership with KPCC in Pasadena, KQED in San Francisco and Capital Public Radio in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On other questions, the two Democrats and three Republican candidates fell along party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris and Democratic Rep. Loretta Sanchez of Orange County both support California's new plan to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour over the next six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans Sundheim and Tom Del Beccaro oppose it. Both are lawyers and both are former heads of the California Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Ron Unz said he feels California's $15 an hour wage is too high, but supports a national minimum wage of $12 an hour. Unz is an entrepreneur, writer and publisher who ran for governor in 1994 against Pete Wilson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Iy1V3YuS84QUJKK9MZy706J7mn5abvZl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To a question on whether California should allow more refugees, Harris and Sanchez said the state should be more welcoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to be a beacon to bring and help those people,\" Sanchez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris said she worries that rhetoric against refugees is anti-Muslim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to embrace our Muslim brothers and sisters,\" she said. \"We have to live true to our values as a country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Beccaro and Sundheim said the state should not allow in refugees until the FBI can be certain the people coming in are not terrorists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been lucky that for 200 years we've had two oceans and two kind neighbors protecting us,\" Del Beccaro said. \"We need to wake up and realize the world has changed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sundheim said while the United States should keep refugees out, it should provide resources to Europe to help care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a responsibility to look after these people, but we can't let them into our country,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez and Harris also said the country needs to pass comprehensive immigration reform. Del Beccaro said it's time for the country to give up on immigration reform and focus instead on national security. Unz said he'd be in favor of some immigration reform but also wants \"a drastic cut in legal immigration levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In answer to an audience question from a San Diego State University student on how each candidate would make college more affordable, Unz called out both rising tuition and textbook costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Beccaro said the country should not have pushed students away from trade schools in past years, and said it was a mistake to allow the government to take control of the student loan program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said she wants to make community college free and create a program that allows students to refinance their college loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top two vote-getters in the June 7 primary, regardless of party, will advance to the November election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of California Counts, a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what’s important to the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/cacounts\">Read more in this series\u003c/a> and let us know your thoughts on Twitter using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23iamsouthla&src=typd\">#\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23CACounts&src=typd\">CACounts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Senate candidate Kamala Harris, the front-runner in the race, fought off attacks from four challengers during a debate Tuesday night at KPBS in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic attorney general for California had the lead in a Field Poll last month, with 27 percent of the vote. The poll also showed 48 percent of likely voters in the race to replace retiring Sen. Barbara Boxer remain undecided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in opening statements, Republican Duf Sundheim attacked Harris for being a career politician.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris later was attacked by her opponents for allowing nuclear waste from the shuttered San Onofre power plant to be buried near the shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attorney general said she could not address the question specifically because the California Coastal Commission is involved and that's her client. She said there's an active criminal investigation into the 2013 closure of the nuclear power plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to go where the facts lead us,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/263608028&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/263608028'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"California Counts — Race for the Senate,\" the second debate of the campaign, was hosted by KPBS in partnership with KPCC in Pasadena, KQED in San Francisco and Capital Public Radio in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On other questions, the two Democrats and three Republican candidates fell along party lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris and Democratic Rep. Loretta Sanchez of Orange County both support California's new plan to raise the minimum wage to $15 an hour over the next six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans Sundheim and Tom Del Beccaro oppose it. Both are lawyers and both are former heads of the California Republican Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican Ron Unz said he feels California's $15 an hour wage is too high, but supports a national minimum wage of $12 an hour. Unz is an entrepreneur, writer and publisher who ran for governor in 1994 against Pete Wilson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To a question on whether California should allow more refugees, Harris and Sanchez said the state should be more welcoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to be a beacon to bring and help those people,\" Sanchez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harris said she worries that rhetoric against refugees is anti-Muslim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to embrace our Muslim brothers and sisters,\" she said. \"We have to live true to our values as a country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Beccaro and Sundheim said the state should not allow in refugees until the FBI can be certain the people coming in are not terrorists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've been lucky that for 200 years we've had two oceans and two kind neighbors protecting us,\" Del Beccaro said. \"We need to wake up and realize the world has changed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sundheim said while the United States should keep refugees out, it should provide resources to Europe to help care for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a responsibility to look after these people, but we can't let them into our country,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez and Harris also said the country needs to pass comprehensive immigration reform. Del Beccaro said it's time for the country to give up on immigration reform and focus instead on national security. Unz said he'd be in favor of some immigration reform but also wants \"a drastic cut in legal immigration levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In answer to an audience question from a San Diego State University student on how each candidate would make college more affordable, Unz called out both rising tuition and textbook costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Del Beccaro said the country should not have pushed students away from trade schools in past years, and said it was a mistake to allow the government to take control of the student loan program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said she wants to make community college free and create a program that allows students to refinance their college loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top two vote-getters in the June 7 primary, regardless of party, will advance to the November election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of California Counts, a collaboration of KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio to report on the 2016 election. The coverage focuses on major issues and solicits diverse voices on what’s important to the future of California.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/cacounts\">Read more in this series\u003c/a> and let us know your thoughts on Twitter using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23iamsouthla&src=typd\">#\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23CACounts&src=typd\">CACounts\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Work to fully extend the bike and pedestrian path along the eastern span of the Bay Bridge from Oakland to Yerba Buena Island is back underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a set of delays, the project is now slated to be completed this September, Caltrans spokeswoman Leah Robinson-Leach says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The public has been patient,\" said Robinson-Leach. \"They have waited for this. And there's so many cyclists looking forward to have that entire bike path for a full experience to get to the island, as well as come back to Oakland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delays came during Caltrans crews' ongoing demolition of the old eastern span and as the agency changed its design plan for the bike path extension to Yerba Buena Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baybridgeinfo.org/path\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Bridge Trail\u003c/a>, the official name of the bike path, starts in Oakland but stops adjacent to the eastern span's suspension tower. Initially, Caltrans said it would complete the path by the fall of 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of its new completion date was \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Bay-Bridge-Bike-Path-Will-Be-Completed-by-September-Officials-378493395.html\">first reported by NBC Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bicycling advocates say that despite the delays, they're optimistic about the project's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really important to get this right, and that's what is happening here,\" said Chris Cassidy, spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbike.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Bicycle Coalition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.baybridgeinfo.org/tbpoc\" target=\"_blank\">Toll Bridge Program Oversight Committee\u003c/a>, which oversees seismic retrofit work on the Bay Area's seven major state-owned bridges, approved the overall change from a truss to a cantilever design. On Thursday, Caltrans plans to ask the committee to back the specific contract adjustments to move the project forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans on Monday began measuring and fitting a set of beams that will be used to support an observation deck on the path near Yerba Buena Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bike-pedestrian path currently stops about 1,200 feet short of Yerba Buena Island. The agency expects the extension to cost $8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassidy, the SFBC spokesman, noted in an email that the eastern span bike path is on track to be completed as new residential developments emerge on both Yerba Buena and Treasure islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current path opened to the public in September 2013 just after the new eastern span opened to motor-vehicle traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The path is open now, but \u003ca href=\"http://sf.streetsblog.org/2016/03/07/bay-bridge-bike-path-closed-for-a-month/\">it's been closed from time to time\u003c/a> for safety reasons as the old bridge is taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, transportation officials and bike advocates acknowledged it could take \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/bay-bridge-western-span-bike-path-design\">another decade\u003c/a> for a bicycle path to be built along the Bay Bridge's western span into San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the entire project is completed, engineers expect as many as 10,000 people to use the path daily, Cassidy said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Work to fully extend the bike and pedestrian path along the eastern span of the Bay Bridge from Oakland to Yerba Buena Island is back underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a set of delays, the project is now slated to be completed this September, Caltrans spokeswoman Leah Robinson-Leach says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The public has been patient,\" said Robinson-Leach. \"They have waited for this. And there's so many cyclists looking forward to have that entire bike path for a full experience to get to the island, as well as come back to Oakland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The delays came during Caltrans crews' ongoing demolition of the old eastern span and as the agency changed its design plan for the bike path extension to Yerba Buena Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.baybridgeinfo.org/path\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Bridge Trail\u003c/a>, the official name of the bike path, starts in Oakland but stops adjacent to the eastern span's suspension tower. Initially, Caltrans said it would complete the path by the fall of 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of its new completion date was \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Bay-Bridge-Bike-Path-Will-Be-Completed-by-September-Officials-378493395.html\">first reported by NBC Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bicycling advocates say that despite the delays, they're optimistic about the project's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's really important to get this right, and that's what is happening here,\" said Chris Cassidy, spokesman for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfbike.org/\" target=\"_blank\">San Francisco Bicycle Coalition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.baybridgeinfo.org/tbpoc\" target=\"_blank\">Toll Bridge Program Oversight Committee\u003c/a>, which oversees seismic retrofit work on the Bay Area's seven major state-owned bridges, approved the overall change from a truss to a cantilever design. On Thursday, Caltrans plans to ask the committee to back the specific contract adjustments to move the project forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans on Monday began measuring and fitting a set of beams that will be used to support an observation deck on the path near Yerba Buena Island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bike-pedestrian path currently stops about 1,200 feet short of Yerba Buena Island. The agency expects the extension to cost $8 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cassidy, the SFBC spokesman, noted in an email that the eastern span bike path is on track to be completed as new residential developments emerge on both Yerba Buena and Treasure islands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current path opened to the public in September 2013 just after the new eastern span opened to motor-vehicle traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The path is open now, but \u003ca href=\"http://sf.streetsblog.org/2016/03/07/bay-bridge-bike-path-closed-for-a-month/\">it's been closed from time to time\u003c/a> for safety reasons as the old bridge is taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, transportation officials and bike advocates acknowledged it could take \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/01/bay-bridge-western-span-bike-path-design\">another decade\u003c/a> for a bicycle path to be built along the Bay Bridge's western span into San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the entire project is completed, engineers expect as many as 10,000 people to use the path daily, Cassidy said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More natural gas in the U.S. is coming from wells that have been hydraulically fractured than ever before, and fracking’s share of the country’s gas supply is continuing to rise, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=26112\">new data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the fracking boom in the U.S. has led to a major boost in natural gas consumption, and for the first time last year, natural gas contributed about the same level of greenhouse gas emissions as coal, the globe’s largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty-seven percent of natural gas produced in the U.S. came from fractured wells in 2015, according to the data. That represented a total of 53 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day, up from 50 billion cubic feet in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, only 3.6 billion cubic feet of gas came from fractured wells — roughly 7 percent of total U.S. natural gas production that year. About a third of the gas produced in the U.S. is used to generate electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The natural gas and crude oil production boom over the last decade was enabled by fracking — the process of injecting large amounts of water, sand and chemicals into wells at high pressure to release crude oil and natural gas locked within solid rock, usually shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boom led to the U.S. becoming the world’s largest producer of oil and flooded the market with natural gas, driving down prices. That encouraged utilities to build more electric power plants that run on natural gas instead of coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_687259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-687259\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking.png\" alt=\"U.S. Energy Information Administration\" width=\"550\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking.png 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking-400x209.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Energy Information Administration\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shale gas boom is one of the main reasons that more electricity was generated with natural gas than coal for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/natural-gas-to-surpass-coal-for-electricity-20154\">first time\u003c/a> last year, and 2016 is poised to be the first full calendar year that natural gas is expected to eclipse coal as the nation’s chief source of electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though natural gas emits about half the carbon dioxide emissions as coal, EIA \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/mer.pdf\">data\u003c/a> show that carbon dioxide emissions from the two energy sources have begun to nearly match each other in the U.S. as natural gas use spikes and coal consumption falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal consumption in the U.S. emitted about 1.5 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2015 while at the same time natural gas use emitted 1.48 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though emissions are now about the same, natural gas contains more energy and can power more homes than coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You almost get twice as much energy for the same amount of emissions,” EIA analyst Perry Lindstrom said. “For the amount of energy consumed, natural gas produces fewer CO2 emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shale gas and oil production is also susceptible to methane leaks and possible groundwater contamination, concerns that led New York state to ban fracking last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is about 86 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a climate change-driving greenhouse gas over a period of 20 years. A Harvard University \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-60-percent-of-global-methane-growth-20037\">study\u003c/a> published in February showed that the U.S. may be responsible for up to 60 percent of the growth in global atmospheric methane concentrations, possibly because of the nation’s shale gas boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If (methane) leak rates are any greater than tiny, there is probably not a climate benefit” to using natural gas, said Duke University atmospheric scientist \u003ca href=\"https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/shindell\">Drew Shindell\u003c/a>. “Fracking can be worse in some cases as sometimes small companies don’t pay much attention to leaks, but the leak issue applied to all sources, storage, and transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reining in methane leaks from oil and gas wells is a top priority of the Environmental Protection Agency, which is expected to announce a \u003ca href=\"http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060030955\">new regulation\u003c/a> aiming to control leaks from new oil and gas wells this month.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More natural gas is coming from fracking than ever before, and much of it is being used for electricity.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More natural gas in the U.S. is coming from wells that have been hydraulically fractured than ever before, and fracking’s share of the country’s gas supply is continuing to rise, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.cfm?id=26112\">new data\u003c/a> from the U.S. Energy Information Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the fracking boom in the U.S. has led to a major boost in natural gas consumption, and for the first time last year, natural gas contributed about the same level of greenhouse gas emissions as coal, the globe’s largest single source of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty-seven percent of natural gas produced in the U.S. came from fractured wells in 2015, according to the data. That represented a total of 53 billion cubic feet of natural gas per day, up from 50 billion cubic feet in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2000, only 3.6 billion cubic feet of gas came from fractured wells — roughly 7 percent of total U.S. natural gas production that year. About a third of the gas produced in the U.S. is used to generate electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The natural gas and crude oil production boom over the last decade was enabled by fracking — the process of injecting large amounts of water, sand and chemicals into wells at high pressure to release crude oil and natural gas locked within solid rock, usually shale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boom led to the U.S. becoming the world’s largest producer of oil and flooded the market with natural gas, driving down prices. That encouraged utilities to build more electric power plants that run on natural gas instead of coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_687259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 550px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-687259\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking.png\" alt=\"U.S. Energy Information Administration\" width=\"550\" height=\"287\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking.png 550w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/05/EIA_fracking-400x209.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Energy Information Administration\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The shale gas boom is one of the main reasons that more electricity was generated with natural gas than coal for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/natural-gas-to-surpass-coal-for-electricity-20154\">first time\u003c/a> last year, and 2016 is poised to be the first full calendar year that natural gas is expected to eclipse coal as the nation’s chief source of electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though natural gas emits about half the carbon dioxide emissions as coal, EIA \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/totalenergy/data/monthly/pdf/mer.pdf\">data\u003c/a> show that carbon dioxide emissions from the two energy sources have begun to nearly match each other in the U.S. as natural gas use spikes and coal consumption falls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coal consumption in the U.S. emitted about 1.5 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent in 2015 while at the same time natural gas use emitted 1.48 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though emissions are now about the same, natural gas contains more energy and can power more homes than coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You almost get twice as much energy for the same amount of emissions,” EIA analyst Perry Lindstrom said. “For the amount of energy consumed, natural gas produces fewer CO2 emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shale gas and oil production is also susceptible to methane leaks and possible groundwater contamination, concerns that led New York state to ban fracking last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is about 86 times more potent than carbon dioxide as a climate change-driving greenhouse gas over a period of 20 years. A Harvard University \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/us-60-percent-of-global-methane-growth-20037\">study\u003c/a> published in February showed that the U.S. may be responsible for up to 60 percent of the growth in global atmospheric methane concentrations, possibly because of the nation’s shale gas boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If (methane) leak rates are any greater than tiny, there is probably not a climate benefit” to using natural gas, said Duke University atmospheric scientist \u003ca href=\"https://nicholas.duke.edu/people/faculty/shindell\">Drew Shindell\u003c/a>. “Fracking can be worse in some cases as sometimes small companies don’t pay much attention to leaks, but the leak issue applied to all sources, storage, and transmission.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reining in methane leaks from oil and gas wells is a top priority of the Environmental Protection Agency, which is expected to announce a \u003ca href=\"http://www.eenews.net/stories/1060030955\">new regulation\u003c/a> aiming to control leaks from new oil and gas wells this month.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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},
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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