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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The air district thoroughly investigated this incident and determined the Phillips 66 refinery and the Yamuna Spirit oil tanker operator played a role in this event and both parties will be held accountable,\" said Jack Broadbent, the agency's executive officer, in a statement Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public nuisance violations issued Friday carry monetary penalties. The fines will likely be the subject of settlement talks involving the district, the refinery and the shipping company, air regulators said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the air district told KQED it had completed its probe, though its staff had not produced a report or even written anything down concerning the incident. That disclosure prompted questions from state legislators, Vallejo residents and environmental advocates who had been seeking answers about the episode. The agency later \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/09/bay-area-air-district-baaqmd-says-it-is-still-investigating-vallejo-fumes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">backtracked\u003c/a> and said its investigation was continuing.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Something You Probably Didn't Expect From the Huge Sierra Snowpack: Earthquakes",
"headTitle": "Something You Probably Didn’t Expect From the Huge Sierra Snowpack: Earthquakes | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The importance of the mountain snowpack to California’s water supply is legendary. But according to \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6343/1161\">a new study\u003c/a>, its impact reaches far below the Earth’s surface to the state’s tectonic foundations. And that impact can be measured and to some degree, even predicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley Seismological Laboratory\u003c/a> have made some new revelations about the link between snowfall and earthquakes in California. But it’s not the snow itself that triggers earthquakes, it’s what happens \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/05/01/epic-norcal-snowpack-melting-in-warm-spring-temperatures/\">when that snow melts away.\u003c/a> The result is a bit like compressing a spring and then letting it go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Weight of Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The redistribution of water on the Earth’s surface in the form of snow, groundwater, surface water ultimately adds stresses to the Earth,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> geophysicist Roland Bürgmann. “It flexes the Earth ever so slightly. And that flexing changes stresses everywhere on the Earth, including on faults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-BwPwj9QYc&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Animation shows how stress on California’s seismic faults changes as the mass of mountain snow and surface water is redistributed by season.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To measure these stresses, Bürgmann and graduate student Chris Johnson used GPS and other data to track tiny movements (we’re talking fractions of an inch) in the state’s topography, then mapped them against nine years of seismic activity throughout California. What they found, among other things, was not one general effect but a whole panoply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It depends on the fault,” says Bürgmann. For example, on California’s most infamous fault, the San Andreas, the snow load in the Sierra “adds compression” to the fault, in effect squeezing together the tectonic plates on either side, so the fault is “slightly less likely to go.” But in the spring, when that snow melts and its weight is redistributed into rivers, reservoirs and soils below, that loading is reversed and the fault is somewhat more likely to slip before the snow returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The emphasis is always on the ‘little bit,” cautions Bürgmann. “We’re not saying that the San Andreas only has earthquakes in the fall.” A little event in 1906 that you might’ve heard of would seem to confirm that, though Bürgmann says over time, the San Andreas has been a bit more active during the autumn months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No ‘Quake Season’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor are the researchers declaring an “earthquake season” for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not necessarily that every fault is experiencing the same stress that would encourage it to slip at the same time,” says Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every fault has its own orientation,” adds Bürgmann. “It’s at a different stage in its earthquake cycle, and so one really has to consider all those details to make the connection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists’ study period did not include the effects of this year’s record-setting snow volume, but did include the large snowpack from 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bürgmann and Johnson say the data from their work illustrates how stressed California’s faults are, so that very small changes in stress can pull the trigger on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Johnson puts it, “It is advancing the clock on these different faults.” The authors say the work could eventually be factored into forecasting models, to make attempts at earthquake prediction less vague. But connecting single events to shifts in water weight is not in their sights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1975, barely six years after Oroville Dam was finished and its huge reservoir flooded with water, a series of quakes culminating with a magnitude 5.7 temblor shook the area. Did the weight of more than 4 million acre-feet of water and its subsequent rapid release from the reservoir tip the tectonic scale enough to cause the quake? It’s been on the list of suspects for years, but the answer is still a definite “maybe.” The same goes for the 2014 South Napa earthquake, according to Bürgmann, which struck in late summer, as one might expect from the stress model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For any individual earthquake, we never know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bürgmann and Johnson’s study was \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6343/1161\">published on Thursday\u003c/a> in the journal Science.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The importance of the mountain snowpack to California’s water supply is legendary. But according to \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6343/1161\">a new study\u003c/a>, its impact reaches far below the Earth’s surface to the state’s tectonic foundations. And that impact can be measured and to some degree, even predicted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists at the \u003ca href=\"http://seismo.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley Seismological Laboratory\u003c/a> have made some new revelations about the link between snowfall and earthquakes in California. But it’s not the snow itself that triggers earthquakes, it’s what happens \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/05/01/epic-norcal-snowpack-melting-in-warm-spring-temperatures/\">when that snow melts away.\u003c/a> The result is a bit like compressing a spring and then letting it go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Weight of Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The redistribution of water on the Earth’s surface in the form of snow, groundwater, surface water ultimately adds stresses to the Earth,” explains \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UC Berkeley\u003c/a> geophysicist Roland Bürgmann. “It flexes the Earth ever so slightly. And that flexing changes stresses everywhere on the Earth, including on faults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/s-BwPwj9QYc'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/s-BwPwj9QYc'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Animation shows how stress on California’s seismic faults changes as the mass of mountain snow and surface water is redistributed by season.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To measure these stresses, Bürgmann and graduate student Chris Johnson used GPS and other data to track tiny movements (we’re talking fractions of an inch) in the state’s topography, then mapped them against nine years of seismic activity throughout California. What they found, among other things, was not one general effect but a whole panoply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It depends on the fault,” says Bürgmann. For example, on California’s most infamous fault, the San Andreas, the snow load in the Sierra “adds compression” to the fault, in effect squeezing together the tectonic plates on either side, so the fault is “slightly less likely to go.” But in the spring, when that snow melts and its weight is redistributed into rivers, reservoirs and soils below, that loading is reversed and the fault is somewhat more likely to slip before the snow returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The emphasis is always on the ‘little bit,” cautions Bürgmann. “We’re not saying that the San Andreas only has earthquakes in the fall.” A little event in 1906 that you might’ve heard of would seem to confirm that, though Bürgmann says over time, the San Andreas has been a bit more active during the autumn months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>No ‘Quake Season’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor are the researchers declaring an “earthquake season” for California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not necessarily that every fault is experiencing the same stress that would encourage it to slip at the same time,” says Johnson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every fault has its own orientation,” adds Bürgmann. “It’s at a different stage in its earthquake cycle, and so one really has to consider all those details to make the connection.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists’ study period did not include the effects of this year’s record-setting snow volume, but did include the large snowpack from 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bürgmann and Johnson say the data from their work illustrates how stressed California’s faults are, so that very small changes in stress can pull the trigger on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Johnson puts it, “It is advancing the clock on these different faults.” The authors say the work could eventually be factored into forecasting models, to make attempts at earthquake prediction less vague. But connecting single events to shifts in water weight is not in their sights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1975, barely six years after Oroville Dam was finished and its huge reservoir flooded with water, a series of quakes culminating with a magnitude 5.7 temblor shook the area. Did the weight of more than 4 million acre-feet of water and its subsequent rapid release from the reservoir tip the tectonic scale enough to cause the quake? It’s been on the list of suspects for years, but the answer is still a definite “maybe.” The same goes for the 2014 South Napa earthquake, according to Bürgmann, which struck in late summer, as one might expect from the stress model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For any individual earthquake, we never know.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bürgmann and Johnson’s study was \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/356/6343/1161\">published on Thursday\u003c/a> in the journal Science.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "historic-shipwreck-found-a-century-after-sinking-off-california-coast",
"title": "Historic Shipwreck Found a Century After Sinking Off California Coast",
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"content": "\u003cp>One hundred years ago this week, the Coast Guard cutter McCulloch, a world-traveled vessel stationed in San Francisco, collided with a passenger ship in the fog and sank to the ocean floor off the coast of Southern California. For almost a century, the ship was lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that the \u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/shipwrecks/mcculloch/\">McCulloch had been found\u003c/a>, four miles off Pt. Conception, west of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Searching in the Deep\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been decades in the works,” says Robert Schwemmer, the West Coast Regional Maritime Heritage Coordinator for NOAA. “To put the first eyes on the ship on the eve of its 100-year anniversary was very moving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historian and archeologist, Schwemmer has been studying the McCulloch for three decades and always hoped to find the remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The coast of California is a graveyard of the Pacific, a maritime history museum.’\u003ccite>Robert Schwemmer, NOAA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2013, maritime historian and shipwreck researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.bathymetricresearch.com/about/\">Gary Fabian\u003c/a> located a mass on the ocean floor using sonar. Suspecting that it might be the lost wreck, Fabian contacted Schwemmer with his hunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Schwemmer took the research vessel Shearwater over the potential wreck site. Using sonar, he saw high-relief images of the sea floor and a mass that could potentially be a wreck — but more importantly, he saw lots of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish are an indicator of habitat, and shipwrecks are great habitat,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now, Schwemmer felt confident that there was indeed a wreck. But with its strong currents and heavy winds, Pt. Conception had always been a common place for shipwrecks. There was still a chance that the murky image was a wreck, but not the one Schwemmer was looking for. Optimistically, he contacted the Coast Guard and told them that he suspected he had found the cutter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1718660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718660 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg\" alt=\"The wreck provides habitat for various species of marine life, including vermillion rockfish. Here, they swim around the steam engine, a 2400 horsepower engine, indicating McCulloch’s cruising speed was 17 knots.\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-768x436.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1020x579.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1920x1090.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1180x670.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-960x545.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-240x136.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-375x213.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-520x295.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wreck provides habitat for various species of marine life, including vermillion rockfish. Here, they swim around the steam engine, a 2400 horsepower engine, indicating McCulloch’s cruising speed was 17 knots. \u003ccite>(NOAA/USCG/VideoRay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finally, in October 2016, Schwemmer, along with a NOAA research team and a local branch of the Coast Guard, devoted an annual reconnaissance cruise to looking for the McCulloch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They teamed up with \u003ca href=\"http://www.videoray.com/\">Video Ray\u003c/a>, a technology firm that provided a small and robust underwater ROV to inspect the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the ROV footage revealed a 14-foot bronze torpedo launcher mounted on the bow of the vessel — a feature unique to the McCulloch — Schwemmer was sure that the long-lost cutter was found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Storied Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch spent its short life traversing the world and watching history unfold. Commissioned in 1897, the cutter traveled from its original location in Philadelphia to its home port in San Francisco via the Suez Canal and East Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”o4A5sjiEIhled0uXrvibem3YPrJDWoIL”]After stopping in Singapore in 1898, McCulloch did service in the Spanish-American war as part of Commodore George Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron in the Battle of Manila Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulloch passed its later years patrolling the Pacific coast from Mexico up to the Arctic. It spent time in remote regions of Alaska enforcing regulations on fur seal hunters, and briefly served as a floating courtroom as part of the Bering Sea Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>McCulloch’s Watery Grave\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulloch had a promising future as a military vessel, and in 1917, plans were made to re-fit the ship with increased armaments for the first world war. However, these plans were cut short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its way up the coast of California on a foggy morning in June, the McCulloch was struck by the passenger steamship SS Governor off Pt. Conception. Within 30 minutes, its crew had abandoned ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the boats were clear of the ship, Chief Engineer Glover in charge of the gig, came alongside and advised me to leave the ship as she was sinking faster every minute and nothing more could be done to save her,” the McCulloch’s captain recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His crew stood at attention on lifeboats and wept as they watched the cutter disappear beneath the waves. One crewman died of injuries sustained in the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1718663\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718663 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg\" alt=\"When NOAA historian Robert Schwemmer saw this 15-inch torpedo tube molded into the bow stem, he felt sure he'd located the USCG Cutter McCulloch. Metridium anemones drape the bow stem and are found on other sections of the wreck where there is exposure to prevailing currents.\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-768x436.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1020x579.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1920x1091.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1180x670.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-960x545.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-240x136.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-375x213.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-520x295.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When NOAA historian Robert Schwemmer saw this 15-inch torpedo tube molded into the bow stem, he felt sure he’d located the USCG Cutter McCulloch. Metridium anemones drape the bow stem and are found on other sections of the wreck where there is exposure to prevailing currents. \u003ccite>(NOAA/USCG/VideoRay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch rests on its port side in 300 feet of water, and now serves as habitat to a great diversity of marine life. The ROV exploration footage shows that the exposed bow of the cutter is covered in bright white Metridium anemones, filter feeders that thrive where the current is strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wreck is also home to species such as wolf eels, ling cod, vermillion and copper rockfish. This diverse ecosystem is what Schwemmer saw on the sonar images in 2015, that first clue to the wreck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch is federally protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.navy.mil/research/underwater-archaeology/policy-and-resource-management/sunken-military-craft-act.html\">Sunken Military Craft Act\u003c/a>. That and its fragile state prevent Schwemmer or other researchers from disrupting the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shipwrecks like this one connect Californians to the rich history of their waters. The Pacific coast is a particular hotspot, and each sunken wreck tells its own story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are millions of shipwrecks in the world and likely thousands off the Pacific coast,” Schwemmer reflects. “The coast of California is a graveyard of the Pacific –a maritime history museum.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "After decades of searching, a lost Coast Guard cutter finally re-appears in the deep ocean murk off Santa Barbara.",
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"title": "Historic Shipwreck Found a Century After Sinking Off California Coast | KQED",
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"headline": "Historic Shipwreck Found a Century After Sinking Off California Coast",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One hundred years ago this week, the Coast Guard cutter McCulloch, a world-traveled vessel stationed in San Francisco, collided with a passenger ship in the fog and sank to the ocean floor off the coast of Southern California. For almost a century, the ship was lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the U.S. Coast Guard and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) announced that the \u003ca href=\"http://sanctuaries.noaa.gov/shipwrecks/mcculloch/\">McCulloch had been found\u003c/a>, four miles off Pt. Conception, west of Santa Barbara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Searching in the Deep\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been decades in the works,” says Robert Schwemmer, the West Coast Regional Maritime Heritage Coordinator for NOAA. “To put the first eyes on the ship on the eve of its 100-year anniversary was very moving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historian and archeologist, Schwemmer has been studying the McCulloch for three decades and always hoped to find the remains.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The coast of California is a graveyard of the Pacific, a maritime history museum.’\u003ccite>Robert Schwemmer, NOAA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2013, maritime historian and shipwreck researcher \u003ca href=\"http://www.bathymetricresearch.com/about/\">Gary Fabian\u003c/a> located a mass on the ocean floor using sonar. Suspecting that it might be the lost wreck, Fabian contacted Schwemmer with his hunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Years later, Schwemmer took the research vessel Shearwater over the potential wreck site. Using sonar, he saw high-relief images of the sea floor and a mass that could potentially be a wreck — but more importantly, he saw lots of fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fish are an indicator of habitat, and shipwrecks are great habitat,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now, Schwemmer felt confident that there was indeed a wreck. But with its strong currents and heavy winds, Pt. Conception had always been a common place for shipwrecks. There was still a chance that the murky image was a wreck, but not the one Schwemmer was looking for. Optimistically, he contacted the Coast Guard and told them that he suspected he had found the cutter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1718660\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718660 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg\" alt=\"The wreck provides habitat for various species of marine life, including vermillion rockfish. Here, they swim around the steam engine, a 2400 horsepower engine, indicating McCulloch’s cruising speed was 17 knots.\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-768x436.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1020x579.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1920x1090.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-1180x670.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-960x545.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-240x136.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-375x213.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/triple-expansion-engine-top-cylinder_noaa-uscg-videoray-520x295.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wreck provides habitat for various species of marine life, including vermillion rockfish. Here, they swim around the steam engine, a 2400 horsepower engine, indicating McCulloch’s cruising speed was 17 knots. \u003ccite>(NOAA/USCG/VideoRay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Finally, in October 2016, Schwemmer, along with a NOAA research team and a local branch of the Coast Guard, devoted an annual reconnaissance cruise to looking for the McCulloch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They teamed up with \u003ca href=\"http://www.videoray.com/\">Video Ray\u003c/a>, a technology firm that provided a small and robust underwater ROV to inspect the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the ROV footage revealed a 14-foot bronze torpedo launcher mounted on the bow of the vessel — a feature unique to the McCulloch — Schwemmer was sure that the long-lost cutter was found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Storied Past\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch spent its short life traversing the world and watching history unfold. Commissioned in 1897, the cutter traveled from its original location in Philadelphia to its home port in San Francisco via the Suez Canal and East Asia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>After stopping in Singapore in 1898, McCulloch did service in the Spanish-American war as part of Commodore George Dewey’s Asiatic Squadron in the Battle of Manila Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulloch passed its later years patrolling the Pacific coast from Mexico up to the Arctic. It spent time in remote regions of Alaska enforcing regulations on fur seal hunters, and briefly served as a floating courtroom as part of the Bering Sea Patrol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>McCulloch’s Watery Grave\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCulloch had a promising future as a military vessel, and in 1917, plans were made to re-fit the ship with increased armaments for the first world war. However, these plans were cut short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On its way up the coast of California on a foggy morning in June, the McCulloch was struck by the passenger steamship SS Governor off Pt. Conception. Within 30 minutes, its crew had abandoned ship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the boats were clear of the ship, Chief Engineer Glover in charge of the gig, came alongside and advised me to leave the ship as she was sinking faster every minute and nothing more could be done to save her,” the McCulloch’s captain recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His crew stood at attention on lifeboats and wept as they watched the cutter disappear beneath the waves. One crewman died of injuries sustained in the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1718663\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1718663 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg\" alt=\"When NOAA historian Robert Schwemmer saw this 15-inch torpedo tube molded into the bow stem, he felt sure he'd located the USCG Cutter McCulloch. Metridium anemones drape the bow stem and are found on other sections of the wreck where there is exposure to prevailing currents.\" width=\"800\" height=\"454\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-800x454.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-160x91.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-768x436.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1020x579.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1920x1091.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-1180x670.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-960x545.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-240x136.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-375x213.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/torpedo-tube-bow_noaa-uscg-videoray-520x295.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When NOAA historian Robert Schwemmer saw this 15-inch torpedo tube molded into the bow stem, he felt sure he’d located the USCG Cutter McCulloch. Metridium anemones drape the bow stem and are found on other sections of the wreck where there is exposure to prevailing currents. \u003ccite>(NOAA/USCG/VideoRay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch rests on its port side in 300 feet of water, and now serves as habitat to a great diversity of marine life. The ROV exploration footage shows that the exposed bow of the cutter is covered in bright white Metridium anemones, filter feeders that thrive where the current is strong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wreck is also home to species such as wolf eels, ling cod, vermillion and copper rockfish. This diverse ecosystem is what Schwemmer saw on the sonar images in 2015, that first clue to the wreck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The McCulloch is federally protected by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.history.navy.mil/research/underwater-archaeology/policy-and-resource-management/sunken-military-craft-act.html\">Sunken Military Craft Act\u003c/a>. That and its fragile state prevent Schwemmer or other researchers from disrupting the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shipwrecks like this one connect Californians to the rich history of their waters. The Pacific coast is a particular hotspot, and each sunken wreck tells its own story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are millions of shipwrecks in the world and likely thousands off the Pacific coast,” Schwemmer reflects. “The coast of California is a graveyard of the Pacific –a maritime history museum.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "4-things-you-should-know-about-californias-biggest-reservoir",
"title": "4 Things You Should Know About California's Biggest Reservoir",
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"headTitle": "4 Things You Should Know About California’s Biggest Reservoir | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It’s Probably Not the One You’re Thinking Of\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nope, not Shasta Lake. That’s California’s largest \u003cem>surface\u003c/em> reservoir, which is \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\">currently bulging\u003c/a> with more than 4 million acre-feet of water (Californians use about 40 million acre-feet in a year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re not likely to find the biggest “reservoir” on a map—but you might be standing on it. It’s underground, in the vast aquifers that lie beneath sections of the state, the Central Valley in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody’s tried to calculate the complete volume,” says Claudia Faunt, a hydrologist with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a> in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we know it’s big.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s huge. But that doesn’t mean that we can extract everything that’s down there.’\u003ccite>Thomas Harter, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>People sometimes refer to the Sierra snowpack as the state’s largest reservoir. Even though it supplies about a third of the water that Californians use annually, it’s a “drop in the bucket” compared to the state’s mother lode of groundwater. If you imagine a single bucket of water representing all the water contained in Sierra snowpack in a typical year (granted, this year is hardly typical), you would need 60-to-70 buckets to visualize all the water beneath our feet, contained in various groundwater basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1715565 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1260\" height=\"1260\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB.jpg 1260w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1260px) 100vw, 1260px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1715564\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. It’s Big, But There’s a Catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s huge,” says Thomas Harter, a hydrologist and groundwater specialist at UC Davis. “But that doesn’t mean that we can extract everything that’s down there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor would that be an especially fruitful exercise, since much of the water that’s down there is not fit for drinking or even irrigation of crops in some cases. And the deeper the aquifer, the more expensive it is to pump it—hundreds or even thousands of feet—to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of it is so deep that it just gets more and more expensive to extract the water,” says Faunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Stressed Aquifers \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nZoom in and click on individual wells to see how far the water table has receded in that area between Fall 2011 to Fall 2016.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/0f18beb9-c1c3-4008-9af2-f00101f0a047/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>SOURCE: CA Dept. of Water Resources\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. It’s in Trouble\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of researchers at UCLA \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/groundwater-loss-in-central-valley\">recently estimated \u003c/a>that during the recent five-year drought, groundwater was pumped out of the Central Valley at twice the rate of the previous drought (2007-09), eventually taking out enough to fill Lake Mead, the nation’s largest man-made reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”lOkDoHOujmmm1YDvj3RAh3PRMADuecpc”]But even in “normal” years, scientists say many farmers and water agencies around the state have been pumping groundwater at an unsustainable rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically we’re taxing the system beyond what it can take,” warns Faunt. “We’ve been using water at a rate much higher than water’s being recharged to these areas, so you’ve got a loss of storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of the drought, at least 3,500 wells went dry and Harter reckons that most of those remain dry, despite the record-setting precipitation over the winter. According to state regulators, there are still communities receiving emergency supplies of bottled water after local wells dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. It’s Not a Lost Cause\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists and water planners think the state’s aquifers can be made sustainable, but it will take time and commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">N\u003c/span>ew strategies are taking hold\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to recharge groundwater basins. Since we reported on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/29/how-flooding-fields-could-alleviate-water-supply-stress/\">one of the earliest pilot projects\u003c/a> in 2013, farm recharge programs have \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/01/13/as-rains-soak-california-farmers-test-how-to-store-water-underground/\">gained substantial momentum\u003c/a>, flooding fields with some of the high river flows in years like this, and using those fields as recharge basins, allowing the water to sink in and replenish aquifers below. In Orange County, water managers recycle urban water to recharge local aquifers.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, state legislators passed the landmark \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/17/what-to-know-about-californias-new-groundwater-law/\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a>, which will, for the first time, require users of groundwater to track and report how much they’re using, and devise plans to do so in a way that doesn’t further deplete supplies. Prior to SGMA, it was essentially open season on groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NASA scientist Jay Famiglietti\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>has put it, “It’s not unlike your having several straws in a glass and everyone drinking at the same time and no one really watching the level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first management plans are due in 2020, and full implementation of the law — which could ultimately place some restrictions on pumping — won’t happen for another decade at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the law’s sponsor, Sen. Lois Wolk (D-Davis) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/tough-going-for-new-groundwater-regulations/\">told Water Deeply\u003c/a>, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">“When you’re digging yourself into a hole, the first solution is to stop digging.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. It’s Probably Not the One You’re Thinking Of\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nope, not Shasta Lake. That’s California’s largest \u003cem>surface\u003c/em> reservoir, which is \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/resapp/getResGraphsMain.action\">currently bulging\u003c/a> with more than 4 million acre-feet of water (Californians use about 40 million acre-feet in a year).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’re not likely to find the biggest “reservoir” on a map—but you might be standing on it. It’s underground, in the vast aquifers that lie beneath sections of the state, the Central Valley in particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody’s tried to calculate the complete volume,” says Claudia Faunt, a hydrologist with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a> in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But we know it’s big.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s huge. But that doesn’t mean that we can extract everything that’s down there.’\u003ccite>Thomas Harter, UC Davis\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>People sometimes refer to the Sierra snowpack as the state’s largest reservoir. Even though it supplies about a third of the water that Californians use annually, it’s a “drop in the bucket” compared to the state’s mother lode of groundwater. If you imagine a single bucket of water representing all the water contained in Sierra snowpack in a typical year (granted, this year is hardly typical), you would need 60-to-70 buckets to visualize all the water beneath our feet, contained in various groundwater basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"sharedaddy show-for-medium-up\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1715565 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1260\" height=\"1260\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB.jpg 1260w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-160x160.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-800x800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-768x768.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-960x960.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-240x240.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-375x375.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-520x520.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-32x32.jpg 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-50x50.jpg 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-64x64.jpg 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-96x96.jpg 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-128x128.jpg 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_DesktopB-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1260px) 100vw, 1260px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv class=\"show-for-small-only\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1715564\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"750\" height=\"1335\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB.jpg 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB-160x285.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB-240x427.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB-375x668.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/GW_MobileB-520x926.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. It’s Big, But There’s a Catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s huge,” says Thomas Harter, a hydrologist and groundwater specialist at UC Davis. “But that doesn’t mean that we can extract everything that’s down there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor would that be an especially fruitful exercise, since much of the water that’s down there is not fit for drinking or even irrigation of crops in some cases. And the deeper the aquifer, the more expensive it is to pump it—hundreds or even thousands of feet—to the surface.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Part of it is so deep that it just gets more and more expensive to extract the water,” says Faunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s Stressed Aquifers \u003c/strong>\u003cem>\u003cbr>\nZoom in and click on individual wells to see how far the water table has receded in that area between Fall 2011 to Fall 2016.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/0f18beb9-c1c3-4008-9af2-f00101f0a047/embed\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>SOURCE: CA Dept. of Water Resources\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. It’s in Trouble\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A team of researchers at UCLA \u003ca href=\"http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/groundwater-loss-in-central-valley\">recently estimated \u003c/a>that during the recent five-year drought, groundwater was pumped out of the Central Valley at twice the rate of the previous drought (2007-09), eventually taking out enough to fill Lake Mead, the nation’s largest man-made reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>But even in “normal” years, scientists say many farmers and water agencies around the state have been pumping groundwater at an unsustainable rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically we’re taxing the system beyond what it can take,” warns Faunt. “We’ve been using water at a rate much higher than water’s being recharged to these areas, so you’ve got a loss of storage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the course of the drought, at least 3,500 wells went dry and Harter reckons that most of those remain dry, despite the record-setting precipitation over the winter. According to state regulators, there are still communities receiving emergency supplies of bottled water after local wells dried up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. It’s Not a Lost Cause\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists and water planners think the state’s aquifers can be made sustainable, but it will take time and commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">N\u003c/span>ew strategies are taking hold\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>to recharge groundwater basins. Since we reported on \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/29/how-flooding-fields-could-alleviate-water-supply-stress/\">one of the earliest pilot projects\u003c/a> in 2013, farm recharge programs have \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/2017/01/13/as-rains-soak-california-farmers-test-how-to-store-water-underground/\">gained substantial momentum\u003c/a>, flooding fields with some of the high river flows in years like this, and using those fields as recharge basins, allowing the water to sink in and replenish aquifers below. In Orange County, water managers recycle urban water to recharge local aquifers.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, state legislators passed the landmark \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/09/17/what-to-know-about-californias-new-groundwater-law/\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a>, which will, for the first time, require users of groundwater to track and report how much they’re using, and devise plans to do so in a way that doesn’t further deplete supplies. Prior to SGMA, it was essentially open season on groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NASA scientist Jay Famiglietti\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>has put it, “It’s not unlike your having several straws in a glass and everyone drinking at the same time and no one really watching the level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first management plans are due in 2020, and full implementation of the law — which could ultimately place some restrictions on pumping — won’t happen for another decade at least.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as the law’s sponsor, Sen. Lois Wolk (D-Davis) \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/05/06/tough-going-for-new-groundwater-regulations/\">told Water Deeply\u003c/a>, \u003cspan class=\"s1\">“When you’re digging yourself into a hole, the first solution is to stop digging.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "U.S. Cancels New Protection for Endangered West Coast Whales",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration on Monday threw out a new rule intended to limit the numbers of endangered whales and sea turtles getting caught in fishing nets off the West Coast, even though the fishing industry had proposed the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”EC7Y8TV9yUyqvyzFXVv3dwHYmEphrgAC”]The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> said it decided the new protection was not warranted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action is one of the first by the Trump administration targeting protections for threatened species off the Pacific coast, said Catherine Kilduff, an attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity conservation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation was designed to reduce the numbers of humpback whales, leatherback sea turtles and other large creatures that accidentally become tangled in mile-long nets set adrift by commercial fishermen overnight to catch swordfish off California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation allowed for shutting down swordfish fishing with the drift nets for up to two fishing seasons if too many of the endangered animals were getting caught in the nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule applied to endangered fin, humpback, and sperm whales, short-fin pilot whales and common bottlenose dolphins, as well as endangered leatherback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, olive-ridley sea turtles and green sea turtles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the communities of whales that would have been protected under the rule have dwindled to the low hundreds, Kilduff said.\u003cbr>\nThe fishing industry’s Pacific Fishery Management Council had proposed the new regulation in 2015. Federal officials began implementing it the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration on Monday threw out a new rule intended to limit the numbers of endangered whales and sea turtles getting caught in fishing nets off the West Coast, even though the fishing industry had proposed the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> said it decided the new protection was not warranted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action is one of the first by the Trump administration targeting protections for threatened species off the Pacific coast, said Catherine Kilduff, an attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity conservation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation was designed to reduce the numbers of humpback whales, leatherback sea turtles and other large creatures that accidentally become tangled in mile-long nets set adrift by commercial fishermen overnight to catch swordfish off California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation allowed for shutting down swordfish fishing with the drift nets for up to two fishing seasons if too many of the endangered animals were getting caught in the nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule applied to endangered fin, humpback, and sperm whales, short-fin pilot whales and common bottlenose dolphins, as well as endangered leatherback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, olive-ridley sea turtles and green sea turtles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the communities of whales that would have been protected under the rule have dwindled to the low hundreds, Kilduff said.\u003cbr>\nThe fishing industry’s Pacific Fishery Management Council had proposed the new regulation in 2015. Federal officials began implementing it the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Tahoe Kids Learn How to Grow Kale in the Snow",
"headTitle": "Tahoe Kids Learn How to Grow Kale in the Snow | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>It may have been a record snow year in the Sierra, but that hasn’t stopped locals from growing their own produce. In addition to the usual covered garden beds, some ambitious Tahoe gardeners have opted for a more engineered option: the Sierra Growing Dome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed in partnership with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefoodhub.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tahoe Food Hub\u003c/a> and manufactured by Colorado-based \u003ca href=\"http://geodesic-greenhouse-kits.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Growing Spaces\u003c/a>, the dome comes in a variety of sizes and has been engineered to withstand heavy snow loads. The geodesic greenhouses look a bit like glass golf balls and require no external heat source, which makes them fairly economical to operate. Instead of heating and cooling equipment, the domes’ temperatures are moderated via the sun, a large tank of water and some ingenious vents that keep things cool in the summer and warm in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most kids don’t know where food comes from.’\u003ccite>Denise Pillsbury, second-grade teacher at Sierra House Elementary\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At around $25,000, the domes run the risk of being a luxury that only wealthy foodies can afford for individual use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dome at the Tahoe Food Hub, however, also serves as the organization’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefoodhub.org/grow-local/sierra-agroecology-cen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agroecology center\u003c/a>, where experts share a variety of tips for growing food in alpine climates. The food hub connects local farmers with restaurants, schools and hospitals in the region in an effort to reduce food miles. Executive director Susie Sutphin said she hopes some local cities and organizations might consider taking on a dome. “It would make a lot of sense for some of the ski resorts up here. They’d be able to grow some of their own produce, which would reduce the amount of stuff they need to have trucked in and would also provide really fresh ingredients for their restaurants,” she said. “I could see one of the towns maybe putting one up, too, and they’re great for schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11502114\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11502114\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-240x135.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-375x211.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-520x293.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Produce can grow in the Tahoe Food Hub’s dome no matter what the weather outside is like. \u003ccite>(Amy Westervelt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, one local school, \u003ca href=\"http://sierrahouse.ltusd.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sierra House Elementary\u003c/a> in South Lake Tahoe, raised enough via donations and grants to buy not one but two domes, and start an ambitious gardening program that provides fresh produce twice per week to its students, two-thirds of whom are on the free and reduced lunch program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big reason for supporting the domes was we thought it would not only improve the kids’ diets, but would also provide a benefit to the broader community if they were going home and encouraging their parents to buy more vegetables,” said Ryan Galles, principal of Sierra House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was actually parent Michelle McLean who got the program off the ground after touring the Tahoe Food Hub’s dome in Truckee. She has now helped the school raise enough to add a pollinator garden, garden-pegged curricula, a garden mural in the cafeteria and even a job for herself coordinating it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”MFcneayQaXjvswI0AYSnahIN5quRwTlA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice each week, the kids go out to the domes and learn everything from basic gardening to more advanced biology and engineering. Once per week, they line up for a salad bar stocked by the domes, and you’ve never seen so many 6-year-olds this excited about salad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can really tell the difference between the students who have had the domes all along and the ones who were older when we got them,” said McLean. “The younger ones make much healthier choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teachers love the domes, too, and use them as a teaching aid for everything from science to vocabulary. Second-grade teacher Denise Pillsbury said the treks out to the domes help her kids get their wiggles out during the day, and that the program is improving their diets. “Most kids don’t know where food comes from, so they’re getting a much better understanding of it, helping to plant and weed, and then enjoy the food they grow,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And principal Galles’ goal of reaching the broader community has been achieved, too. Hector Ochoa, the\u003ca href=\"http://fsnep.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> UC CalFresh Nutrition\u003c/a> educator for Lake Tahoe, said he’s seen how kids are influencing their parents’ shopping and cooking decisions.Ochoa’s been fielding lots of requests at the Family Resource Center for tips on what to do with kale, and has been coordinating cooking classes filled with advice on how to make fresh produce stretch. “Sometimes it is more expensive, so we work with people to figure out how they can use every part of the vegetable, how they might be able to cook and freeze things,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kids, though, just think it’s fun. They love to visit the fish in the aquaponic pond that sits in a corner of one of the domes; they like to eat everything from strawberry to mint to kale salad; and they’re noticeably chilled out after getting a little dose of nature in the middle of their school day — even when it’s snowing out.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It could be snowing out, but a new kind of growing dome is letting people grow food year-round. And school kids love it.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It may have been a record snow year in the Sierra, but that hasn’t stopped locals from growing their own produce. In addition to the usual covered garden beds, some ambitious Tahoe gardeners have opted for a more engineered option: the Sierra Growing Dome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Designed in partnership with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefoodhub.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tahoe Food Hub\u003c/a> and manufactured by Colorado-based \u003ca href=\"http://geodesic-greenhouse-kits.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Growing Spaces\u003c/a>, the dome comes in a variety of sizes and has been engineered to withstand heavy snow loads. The geodesic greenhouses look a bit like glass golf balls and require no external heat source, which makes them fairly economical to operate. Instead of heating and cooling equipment, the domes’ temperatures are moderated via the sun, a large tank of water and some ingenious vents that keep things cool in the summer and warm in the winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Most kids don’t know where food comes from.’\u003ccite>Denise Pillsbury, second-grade teacher at Sierra House Elementary\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>At around $25,000, the domes run the risk of being a luxury that only wealthy foodies can afford for individual use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dome at the Tahoe Food Hub, however, also serves as the organization’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.tahoefoodhub.org/grow-local/sierra-agroecology-cen/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">agroecology center\u003c/a>, where experts share a variety of tips for growing food in alpine climates. The food hub connects local farmers with restaurants, schools and hospitals in the region in an effort to reduce food miles. Executive director Susie Sutphin said she hopes some local cities and organizations might consider taking on a dome. “It would make a lot of sense for some of the ski resorts up here. They’d be able to grow some of their own produce, which would reduce the amount of stuff they need to have trucked in and would also provide really fresh ingredients for their restaurants,” she said. “I could see one of the towns maybe putting one up, too, and they’re great for schools.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11502114\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11502114\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-800x450.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-800x450.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-160x90.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-240x135.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-375x211.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/TahoeFoodHub_SnowDome-520x293.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Produce can grow in the Tahoe Food Hub’s dome no matter what the weather outside is like. \u003ccite>(Amy Westervelt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In fact, one local school, \u003ca href=\"http://sierrahouse.ltusd.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Sierra House Elementary\u003c/a> in South Lake Tahoe, raised enough via donations and grants to buy not one but two domes, and start an ambitious gardening program that provides fresh produce twice per week to its students, two-thirds of whom are on the free and reduced lunch program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big reason for supporting the domes was we thought it would not only improve the kids’ diets, but would also provide a benefit to the broader community if they were going home and encouraging their parents to buy more vegetables,” said Ryan Galles, principal of Sierra House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was actually parent Michelle McLean who got the program off the ground after touring the Tahoe Food Hub’s dome in Truckee. She has now helped the school raise enough to add a pollinator garden, garden-pegged curricula, a garden mural in the cafeteria and even a job for herself coordinating it all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice each week, the kids go out to the domes and learn everything from basic gardening to more advanced biology and engineering. Once per week, they line up for a salad bar stocked by the domes, and you’ve never seen so many 6-year-olds this excited about salad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can really tell the difference between the students who have had the domes all along and the ones who were older when we got them,” said McLean. “The younger ones make much healthier choices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teachers love the domes, too, and use them as a teaching aid for everything from science to vocabulary. Second-grade teacher Denise Pillsbury said the treks out to the domes help her kids get their wiggles out during the day, and that the program is improving their diets. “Most kids don’t know where food comes from, so they’re getting a much better understanding of it, helping to plant and weed, and then enjoy the food they grow,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And principal Galles’ goal of reaching the broader community has been achieved, too. Hector Ochoa, the\u003ca href=\"http://fsnep.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> UC CalFresh Nutrition\u003c/a> educator for Lake Tahoe, said he’s seen how kids are influencing their parents’ shopping and cooking decisions.Ochoa’s been fielding lots of requests at the Family Resource Center for tips on what to do with kale, and has been coordinating cooking classes filled with advice on how to make fresh produce stretch. “Sometimes it is more expensive, so we work with people to figure out how they can use every part of the vegetable, how they might be able to cook and freeze things,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kids, though, just think it’s fun. They love to visit the fish in the aquaponic pond that sits in a corner of one of the domes; they like to eat everything from strawberry to mint to kale salad; and they’re noticeably chilled out after getting a little dose of nature in the middle of their school day — even when it’s snowing out.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Valero's Benicia Refinery Outage Triggered 'Huge' Release of Pollution",
"title": "Valero's Benicia Refinery Outage Triggered 'Huge' Release of Pollution",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Valero refinery in Benicia released more than 74,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide during 14 days of flaring after a power outage in May, according to a report the company has filed with state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A huge amount of sulfur dioxide was emitted,\" said Anthony Wexler, director of the Air Quality Research Center at UC Davis, who reviewed the Valero report KQED obtained through a California Public Records Act request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data were submitted to the California Office of Emergency Services last week. They will be a part of at least one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/10/after-valero-refinery-outage-three-probes-and-rising-gas-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three investigations\u003c/a> into the refinery malfunction that led to an increase in the state's gasoline prices and has prompted Benicia city leaders to consider increasing their \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/23/valero-outage-prompts-benicia-to-consider-industrial-safety-ordinance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oversight\u003c/a> of the refinery and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/09/benicia-mayor-calls-for-key-emergency-improvements-after-valero-refinery-outage-and-flaring/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improve how they communicate\u003c/a> with residents about emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of the sulfur dioxide the refinery released -- 31,000 pounds -- was emitted on May 5, the day the plant went offline and began flaring after the outage. That was also the day authorities imposed shelter-in-place and evacuation orders for parts of the city and at least a dozen people sought medical treatment for breathing difficulties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that it was emitted over a short period of time in some ways makes it worse,\" Wexler said on Thursday. \"That would have a much larger health impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Valero refinery released a total of nearly 25,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide on May 6 and 7, the company's report said. On May 14, it released close to 8,000 pounds of the gas, the company's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put those numbers in perspective, \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/flaring-so2-emissions-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">air district statistics\u003c/a> show that the Valero refinery released an estimated total of 13,800 pounds of sulfur dioxide in 2016 and 15,400 pounds in 2015 through flaring. From 2004 through 2016, flaring releases have ranged from a low of 13,400 in 2009 to a high of 277,000 pounds in 2008. The facility's average annual sulfur dioxide flaring release during the period was 76,000 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report, Valero said the refinery also emitted 350 pounds of carbonyl sulfide, a highly toxic and extremely flammable gas, between May 12 and May 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's report said its monitoring did not show an increase in ambient sulfur dioxide levels outside the refinery site, a sprawling facility at the northern end of the Benicia-Martinez Bridge. The company said exposure to the gas was limited to \"persons solely within the site or sites on which the facility is located.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document did not give details about the hour-to-hour release of sulfur dioxide or the concentration of the gas at the refinery during the episode. The report also did not indicate whether workers at the facility were treated for exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new details about the refinery releases prompted an angry response from one environmental group that has monitored the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's absolutely unacceptable that this dirty refinery spewed dangerous gases into the air we breathe for two full weeks,\" said Hollin Kretzmann, a staff attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity's Climate Law Institute, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These reckless air pollution releases are too frequent and too dangerous to continue,\" said Kretzmann, who also reviewed the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's report will be a part of the investigation into the outage by local air regulators, according to Tom Flannigan, a spokesman for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, he said, the agency needs to confirm the numbers are correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We review this data and information related to the flaring event for accuracy,\" Flannigan said in an email. \"Combined with other data from air monitors in and around the facility, we can create a comprehensive view of the incident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which has issued \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/benicia-refinery-power-outage-triggers-evacuations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notices of violation\u003c/a> to the refinery, also needs to look at data on wind speed and direction during the flaring episode, Flannigan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first three days of the incident, May 5-7, when sulfur dioxide releases were highest, the area experienced winds that veered from northwest to southwest. Sustained winds at two weather stations on the Martinez shoreline during the first day and a half of the episode ranged up to 30 mph, with gusts of up to 34 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report covers the refinery's releases through May 18, but the facility had trouble restarting even after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of May, local air regulators opened a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/30/air-district-investigating-latest-valero-refinery-release-weeks-after-power-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new investigation\u003c/a> into the facility after it sent another round of black smoke and toxic gas into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last releases took place on June 1, according to \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/8b2f2322f8d3ae12882581330075ad7c?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,valero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reports\u003c/a> posted on a hazardous materials database managed by the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a Valero official said the refinery had finally restarted and for the first time explained what was behind the weeks-long flaring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Due to the abrupt nature of the emergency shutdown, the refinery was unable to go through the systematic process we follow for planned shutdowns that allows the refinery to minimize emissions during shutdown and restart,\" company spokeswoman Lillian Riojas said in an email on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil company continues to blame PG&E for the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-based utility has said the electrical failure was triggered by an \"inadvertent operation\" to protect power circuits. PG&E has hired a third party engineering firm, Exponent, to review the cause.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Valero refinery in Benicia released more than 74,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide during 14 days of flaring after a power outage in May, according to a report the company has filed with state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A huge amount of sulfur dioxide was emitted,\" said Anthony Wexler, director of the Air Quality Research Center at UC Davis, who reviewed the Valero report KQED obtained through a California Public Records Act request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data were submitted to the California Office of Emergency Services last week. They will be a part of at least one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/10/after-valero-refinery-outage-three-probes-and-rising-gas-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">three investigations\u003c/a> into the refinery malfunction that led to an increase in the state's gasoline prices and has prompted Benicia city leaders to consider increasing their \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/23/valero-outage-prompts-benicia-to-consider-industrial-safety-ordinance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">oversight\u003c/a> of the refinery and \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/09/benicia-mayor-calls-for-key-emergency-improvements-after-valero-refinery-outage-and-flaring/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improve how they communicate\u003c/a> with residents about emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly half of the sulfur dioxide the refinery released -- 31,000 pounds -- was emitted on May 5, the day the plant went offline and began flaring after the outage. That was also the day authorities imposed shelter-in-place and evacuation orders for parts of the city and at least a dozen people sought medical treatment for breathing difficulties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact that it was emitted over a short period of time in some ways makes it worse,\" Wexler said on Thursday. \"That would have a much larger health impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Valero refinery released a total of nearly 25,000 pounds of sulfur dioxide on May 6 and 7, the company's report said. On May 14, it released close to 8,000 pounds of the gas, the company's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put those numbers in perspective, \u003ca href=\"http://www.baaqmd.gov/~/media/files/compliance-and-enforcement/flares/graphs/flare-emissions-charts/flaring-so2-emissions-pdf.pdf?la=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">air district statistics\u003c/a> show that the Valero refinery released an estimated total of 13,800 pounds of sulfur dioxide in 2016 and 15,400 pounds in 2015 through flaring. From 2004 through 2016, flaring releases have ranged from a low of 13,400 in 2009 to a high of 277,000 pounds in 2008. The facility's average annual sulfur dioxide flaring release during the period was 76,000 pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report, Valero said the refinery also emitted 350 pounds of carbonyl sulfide, a highly toxic and extremely flammable gas, between May 12 and May 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's report said its monitoring did not show an increase in ambient sulfur dioxide levels outside the refinery site, a sprawling facility at the northern end of the Benicia-Martinez Bridge. The company said exposure to the gas was limited to \"persons solely within the site or sites on which the facility is located.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The document did not give details about the hour-to-hour release of sulfur dioxide or the concentration of the gas at the refinery during the episode. The report also did not indicate whether workers at the facility were treated for exposure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new details about the refinery releases prompted an angry response from one environmental group that has monitored the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's absolutely unacceptable that this dirty refinery spewed dangerous gases into the air we breathe for two full weeks,\" said Hollin Kretzmann, a staff attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity's Climate Law Institute, in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These reckless air pollution releases are too frequent and too dangerous to continue,\" said Kretzmann, who also reviewed the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero's report will be a part of the investigation into the outage by local air regulators, according to Tom Flannigan, a spokesman for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But first, he said, the agency needs to confirm the numbers are correct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We review this data and information related to the flaring event for accuracy,\" Flannigan said in an email. \"Combined with other data from air monitors in and around the facility, we can create a comprehensive view of the incident.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which has issued \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/benicia-refinery-power-outage-triggers-evacuations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">notices of violation\u003c/a> to the refinery, also needs to look at data on wind speed and direction during the flaring episode, Flannigan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the first three days of the incident, May 5-7, when sulfur dioxide releases were highest, the area experienced winds that veered from northwest to southwest. Sustained winds at two weather stations on the Martinez shoreline during the first day and a half of the episode ranged up to 30 mph, with gusts of up to 34 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report covers the refinery's releases through May 18, but the facility had trouble restarting even after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the end of May, local air regulators opened a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/30/air-district-investigating-latest-valero-refinery-release-weeks-after-power-outage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new investigation\u003c/a> into the facility after it sent another round of black smoke and toxic gas into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last releases took place on June 1, according to \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/8b2f2322f8d3ae12882581330075ad7c?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,valero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reports\u003c/a> posted on a hazardous materials database managed by the California Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a Valero official said the refinery had finally restarted and for the first time explained what was behind the weeks-long flaring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Due to the abrupt nature of the emergency shutdown, the refinery was unable to go through the systematic process we follow for planned shutdowns that allows the refinery to minimize emissions during shutdown and restart,\" company spokeswoman Lillian Riojas said in an email on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oil company continues to blame PG&E for the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco-based utility has said the electrical failure was triggered by an \"inadvertent operation\" to protect power circuits. PG&E has hired a third party engineering firm, Exponent, to review the cause.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>City Attorney Dennis Herrera announced he is seeking a wide range of records to determine if Uber and Lyft have become a public nuisance in San Francisco. Herrera is trying to get records from the ride service companies ranging from hours and miles logged to tickets and zip codes served. Something tells me this one is headed for the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last year, on June 7, the nine counties of the Bay Area passed a ballot measure called Measure AA. The measure placed a $12 per year parcel tax on local landowners to be directed towards wetlands restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocacy nonprofit Save the Bay “realized in 2003 that the main limiting factor in getting these already acquired areas restored to tidal marsh was money,” said David Lewis, the organization’s executive director. Save the Bay came up with the idea of Measure AA and the regional authority that regulates it, the \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, the Bay had around 200,000 acres of marsh land. Salt harvesting and urban development, though, decimated the wetlands throughout the 19th and 20th Centuries, until restoration efforts began in the 1990s. A 1999 study called for the region to rebuild 100,000 acres of healthy wetlands — an attainable goal, since much of the former marshland is actually already under public ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA will raise $500 million over 20 years, providing a third of the total $1.5 billion needed to reach the restoration goal. But even with the help of an assortment of other grants, the project is currently less than 30 percent funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposed cuts to federal environmental funding will also place a higher burden on state and local government to finance the wetlands restoration before sea level rise rates are projected to begin accelerating around 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That Measure AA money hasn’t been used yet. The first year of tax collection ends this month and the regional San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority will review project proposals from various environmental organizations this fall, with the initial round of funds distributed to chosen projects in early 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slow influx of funds from Measure AA is better than nothing, say officials, but additional funding is needed if adequate restoration is to occur before the 2030 deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer you wait, the more expensive this is going to get,” said John Bourgeois, executive director of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project — one of the biggest players in bringing back local marshlands. The project was established in 2003 by the California Department of Fish and Game, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the California Coastal Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If natural wetlands are not rebuilt, Bay Area cities may ultimately need to construct more expensive seawalls or flood control levees to protect millions of residents from sea level rise. A recent state-commissioned report found that the San Francisco Bay could rise between 2.4 and 3.4 feet by the year 2100.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last year, on June 7, the nine counties of the Bay Area passed a ballot measure called Measure AA. The measure placed a $12 per year parcel tax on local landowners to be directed towards wetlands restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocacy nonprofit Save the Bay “realized in 2003 that the main limiting factor in getting these already acquired areas restored to tidal marsh was money,” said David Lewis, the organization’s executive director. Save the Bay came up with the idea of Measure AA and the regional authority that regulates it, the \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally, the Bay had around 200,000 acres of marsh land. Salt harvesting and urban development, though, decimated the wetlands throughout the 19th and 20th Centuries, until restoration efforts began in the 1990s. A 1999 study called for the region to rebuild 100,000 acres of healthy wetlands — an attainable goal, since much of the former marshland is actually already under public ownership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure AA will raise $500 million over 20 years, providing a third of the total $1.5 billion needed to reach the restoration goal. But even with the help of an assortment of other grants, the project is currently less than 30 percent funded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposed cuts to federal environmental funding will also place a higher burden on state and local government to finance the wetlands restoration before sea level rise rates are projected to begin accelerating around 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That Measure AA money hasn’t been used yet. The first year of tax collection ends this month and the regional San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority will review project proposals from various environmental organizations this fall, with the initial round of funds distributed to chosen projects in early 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slow influx of funds from Measure AA is better than nothing, say officials, but additional funding is needed if adequate restoration is to occur before the 2030 deadline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The longer you wait, the more expensive this is going to get,” said John Bourgeois, executive director of the South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project — one of the biggest players in bringing back local marshlands. The project was established in 2003 by the California Department of Fish and Game, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the California Coastal Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If natural wetlands are not rebuilt, Bay Area cities may ultimately need to construct more expensive seawalls or flood control levees to protect millions of residents from sea level rise. A recent state-commissioned report found that the San Francisco Bay could rise between 2.4 and 3.4 feet by the year 2100.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Can You Do With Used Clothing Not Suitable for Donation?",
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"headTitle": "Bay Curious | News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]S[/dropcap]an Francisco is known for its thrift store scene, popular among many of the hip, eco-minded residents of the Bay Area. This trend is gaining traction -- in 2009, \u003ca href=\"http://homeguides.sfgate.com/recycled-clothing-79332.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an estimated 3.8 billion pounds of fabric\u003c/a> were kept out of U.S. landfills through used-clothing operations, according to the Council for Textile Recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even clothing of the highest quality simply doesn’t last forever. Whether it’s a coffee spill that ruins your favorite sweater, or the duct tape finally falling off the sole of your boot, clothes reach the end of their lifespan. And once you’re past wearing them, it can be hard to imagine your worn-out garments on the rack of a thrift store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some stores will not accept worn-out items at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look for clean, like-new clothing that is in styles our customers are requesting,” says Emma Robinson, a communication and production assistant with popular vintage store Buffalo Exchange. “We do not buy items that are unclean or have condition issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area resident Ellen Shehadeh asked Bay Curious:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can we do with used clothing that isn’t suitable for donation sites? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like to throw things away if they have possible other uses,” Shehadeh says. “I just get appalled by all the waste that’s manufactured here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recycling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Clothing recycling bins do exist in the Bay Area. A company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.usagain.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USAgain\u003c/a> has been operating textile collection sites here since 2010, with \u003ca href=\"https://usagain.com/find-treemachine\">locations around the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More people are beginning to realize and understand the environmental benefits in seeking a convenient way to having their old clothes recycled and reused instead of throwing it in the garbage,” says USAgain CEO Mattias Wallander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this is an exciting prospect, textile recycling has a ways to go before it’s as commonplace as curbside paper and plastic recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Plot Twist – Recycling Through Donation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This may come as a surprise -- it did to me -- but it turns out one of the easiest ways to get old clothing into the greater textile recycling stream is donating it, no matter how worn you think it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-does-goodwill-do-with-your-clothes_n_57e06b96e4b0071a6e092352\">percentage of what gets donated to places like Goodwill\u003c/a> or the Salvation Army ends up being sold to textile recyclers, at 5 to 7 cents per pound, with the cash still benefiting the charities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these “recyclers” are actually used clothing exporters. A large portion of the items not sold in U.S. thrift shops wind up in foreign markets. In Uganda, 81 percent of all clothing purchases are made on secondhand clothes. (Although it may seem like a form of charity and eco-responsibility, the BBC explains how the used-clothing export market is something of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35706427\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">political mixed bag\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remaining recycled fabric goes into other production streams, and may end up as insulation, upholstery stuffing or ingredients in paper products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even high-end thrift stores like Buffalo Exchange participate in this process. Whatever clothes they’re unwilling to buy they will donate to local charities that pick up from their stores daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a service we offer to our sellers so they don’t need to make a second trip to a donation drop,” Emma Robinson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when you take your old clothes to the thrift store, they may not actually end up on the rack -- but perhaps they’ll continue their lives as garments halfway across the world, or find their way into a couch cushion.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to Donate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most thrift stores like Goodwill and the Salvation Army participate in textile recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find an ample list \u003ca href=\"https://satruck.org/DropOff/Index?zip=94105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> of Salvation Army donation sites around the Bay Area. Donations are even \u003ca href=\"https://satruck.org/Home/DonationValueGuide#mens-clothing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tax deductible\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11498380\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11498380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"There a number of organizations that will take used clothing, and recycle anything not fit for reuse.\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622.jpg 1732w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There a number of organizations that will take used clothing, and recycle anything not fit for reuse. \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But let’s take one step back. It’s possible, even when clothes wouldn’t make the cut at Buffalo Exchange or Goodwill, that someone in your own backyard might appreciate having them for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizations that serve the needy, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mnhc.org/community_programs/mission-neighborhood-resource-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mission Neighborhood Resource Center\u003c/a>, also accept clothing donations. It’s best to call in advance to see if the shelters are in need of items you have to offer, and swing by to drop them off during business hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.homelessshelterdirectory.org/cgi-bin/id/city.cgi?city=San%20Francisco&state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">number of shelters\u003c/a> and assistance programs for men, women, children and young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option to consider is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hssv.org/give/give-items/\">Humane Society of Silicon Valley\u003c/a>. They accept old towels, blankets and comforters, to keep their furry residents warm -- and my guess is that the pups wouldn’t much mind a stain here or a rip there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Repurposing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We’ve covered recycling, but another important way to cut down on textile waste is to reuse and reduce. In a nutshell, the less we buy, the less we waste. And there are tons of creative ways to reuse the worn items you do have, without ever leaving the house – even the gnarliest of old T-shirts makes a great rag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11498394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11498394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Unwanted textiles can be repurposed for pets.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unwanted textiles can be repurposed for pets. \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">S\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>an Francisco is known for its thrift store scene, popular among many of the hip, eco-minded residents of the Bay Area. This trend is gaining traction -- in 2009, \u003ca href=\"http://homeguides.sfgate.com/recycled-clothing-79332.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">an estimated 3.8 billion pounds of fabric\u003c/a> were kept out of U.S. landfills through used-clothing operations, according to the Council for Textile Recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, even clothing of the highest quality simply doesn’t last forever. Whether it’s a coffee spill that ruins your favorite sweater, or the duct tape finally falling off the sole of your boot, clothes reach the end of their lifespan. And once you’re past wearing them, it can be hard to imagine your worn-out garments on the rack of a thrift store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some stores will not accept worn-out items at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We look for clean, like-new clothing that is in styles our customers are requesting,” says Emma Robinson, a communication and production assistant with popular vintage store Buffalo Exchange. “We do not buy items that are unclean or have condition issues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Area resident Ellen Shehadeh asked Bay Curious:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What can we do with used clothing that isn’t suitable for donation sites? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like to throw things away if they have possible other uses,” Shehadeh says. “I just get appalled by all the waste that’s manufactured here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Recycling\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Clothing recycling bins do exist in the Bay Area. A company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.usagain.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">USAgain\u003c/a> has been operating textile collection sites here since 2010, with \u003ca href=\"https://usagain.com/find-treemachine\">locations around the Bay Area\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More people are beginning to realize and understand the environmental benefits in seeking a convenient way to having their old clothes recycled and reused instead of throwing it in the garbage,” says USAgain CEO Mattias Wallander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this is an exciting prospect, textile recycling has a ways to go before it’s as commonplace as curbside paper and plastic recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Plot Twist – Recycling Through Donation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This may come as a surprise -- it did to me -- but it turns out one of the easiest ways to get old clothing into the greater textile recycling stream is donating it, no matter how worn you think it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/what-does-goodwill-do-with-your-clothes_n_57e06b96e4b0071a6e092352\">percentage of what gets donated to places like Goodwill\u003c/a> or the Salvation Army ends up being sold to textile recyclers, at 5 to 7 cents per pound, with the cash still benefiting the charities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these “recyclers” are actually used clothing exporters. A large portion of the items not sold in U.S. thrift shops wind up in foreign markets. In Uganda, 81 percent of all clothing purchases are made on secondhand clothes. (Although it may seem like a form of charity and eco-responsibility, the BBC explains how the used-clothing export market is something of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-35706427\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">political mixed bag\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The remaining recycled fabric goes into other production streams, and may end up as insulation, upholstery stuffing or ingredients in paper products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even high-end thrift stores like Buffalo Exchange participate in this process. Whatever clothes they’re unwilling to buy they will donate to local charities that pick up from their stores daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a service we offer to our sellers so they don’t need to make a second trip to a donation drop,” Emma Robinson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when you take your old clothes to the thrift store, they may not actually end up on the rack -- but perhaps they’ll continue their lives as garments halfway across the world, or find their way into a couch cushion.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Where to Donate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Most thrift stores like Goodwill and the Salvation Army participate in textile recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Find an ample list \u003ca href=\"https://satruck.org/DropOff/Index?zip=94105\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a> of Salvation Army donation sites around the Bay Area. Donations are even \u003ca href=\"https://satruck.org/Home/DonationValueGuide#mens-clothing\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">tax deductible\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11498380\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-11498380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-1020x1020.jpg\" alt=\"There a number of organizations that will take used clothing, and recycle anything not fit for reuse.\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-1020x1020.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-800x800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-1180x1180.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-960x960.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622-150x150.jpg 150w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-520581622.jpg 1732w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There a number of organizations that will take used clothing, and recycle anything not fit for reuse. \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But let’s take one step back. It’s possible, even when clothes wouldn’t make the cut at Buffalo Exchange or Goodwill, that someone in your own backyard might appreciate having them for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizations that serve the needy, like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mnhc.org/community_programs/mission-neighborhood-resource-center/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mission Neighborhood Resource Center\u003c/a>, also accept clothing donations. It’s best to call in advance to see if the shelters are in need of items you have to offer, and swing by to drop them off during business hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.homelessshelterdirectory.org/cgi-bin/id/city.cgi?city=San%20Francisco&state=CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">number of shelters\u003c/a> and assistance programs for men, women, children and young people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another option to consider is the \u003ca href=\"https://www.hssv.org/give/give-items/\">Humane Society of Silicon Valley\u003c/a>. They accept old towels, blankets and comforters, to keep their furry residents warm -- and my guess is that the pups wouldn’t much mind a stain here or a rip there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Repurposing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We’ve covered recycling, but another important way to cut down on textile waste is to reuse and reduce. In a nutshell, the less we buy, the less we waste. And there are tons of creative ways to reuse the worn items you do have, without ever leaving the house – even the gnarliest of old T-shirts makes a great rag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11498394\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11498394\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Unwanted textiles can be repurposed for pets.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/iStock-527690604-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unwanted textiles can be repurposed for pets. \u003ccite>(Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Alex Honnold Scales El Capitan Without Ropes, and the Climbing World Reels",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Alex Honnold has shocked the sport of climbing by reaching the peak of El Capitan without using ropes, climbing one of the world's largest monoliths in less than four hours with little gear other than a bag of chalk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So stoked to realize a life dream today,\" Honnold wrote on Facebook on Saturday. He shared a photo of himself on the Yosemite National Park landmark taken by Jimmy Chin of \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/features/athletes/alex-honnold/most-dangerous-free-solo-climb-yosemite-national-park-el-capitan/\">National Geographic\u003c/a>, which is basing a new documentary on Saturday's climb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.instagram.com/p/BU443bgjWHz/\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Speechless,\" wrote the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/americanalpinejournal/posts/847401835399393\">American Alpine Journal\u003c/a> in its response to the news that Honnold had tackled the imposing 3,000-foot granite wall in a free-solo ascent, climbing alone and without safety gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honnold raced up the wall in 3 hours and 56 minutes, prompting \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Alpinist/posts/10153891347932706\">Alpinist \u003c/a>magazine to say, \"This is indisputably the greatest free solo of all time. Congratulations, Alex!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This man,\" Honnold's friend and fellow climbing star \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ConradAnkerOfficial/photos/a.161110693925766.23619.143199022383600/1315029598533864/?type=3&theater\">Conrad Anker\u003c/a> wrote on Facebook. \"Respect. Life goal realized.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his climb, Honnold \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/features/athletes/alex-honnold/interview-rope-free-solo-climb-yosemite-el-capitan/\">told National Geographic\u003c/a> that the first challenge was simply to walk up to the California monolith, sit next to the base and put his climbing shoes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because you look up and go, 'that's a f****** big wall,' \" he said. \"It's like, pretty crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lighter moment came later, Honnold said, when he passed some climbers who had spent the night on a ledge. He did his best not to wake them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I woke up one guy and he sort of said, 'Oh, hey.' Then when I went by, I think he discreetly woke up his buddies because when I looked down they were all three standing there like, 'What the f***?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By conquering El Capitan, Honnold fulfilled a goal he had worked toward for years. He first wrote about the potential record-setting climb in his journal in 2009 — but he repeatedly found reasons to set it aside, as he said last year on the \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/banff-centre-radio/ep-14-alex-honnold\">Basecamp podcast\u003c/a> with \u003cem>Gripped\u003c/em> editor Brandon Pullan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, that's like, the thing to do,\" Honnold said when discussing El Capitan with Pullan in 2016. \"It's always seemed really scary.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"Bdljz810yxUzvk1q0vTpkMasigQofKZs\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honnold, 31, has become famous for eye-popping ascents that rely on his unique blend of athleticism and mental focus, ascending Yosemite's Half Dome and Zion National Park's Moonlight Buttress. But \u003ca href=\"http://gripped.com/news/alex-honnold-makes-historic-first-free-solo-of-el-capitan/\">Gripped says\u003c/a> of Honnold's El Capitan free-solo climb, \"this is by far the most groundbreaking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Honnold said in the podcast that he found the idea of free-soloing the monolith \"out of the question,\" he also told Pullan that he'd been studying it for years and \"El Cap is definitely doable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, there are two routes that you could potentially do, like Freeride or Golden Gate — they're the two easiest free routes,\" Honnold said, in a statement that only makes sense coming from someone who's often called one of the greatest rock climbers the world has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges on El Capitan, he said, start early, no matter which route you take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They all start with Freeblast, which is like a 10-pitch slab,\" Honnold said, adding that large sections of the granite slab are \"basically like walking on a sheet of glass.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crux of one pitch, he said, is \"like this no-hands, foot traverse thing, where you're just like, shuffling across a blank wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honnold added, \"That's before the [main] wall even starts. That's just like getting up there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Alex+Honnold+Scales+El+Capitan+Without+Ropes%2C+And+The+Climbing+World+Reels&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The climber scaled the granite wall in under four hours, in what Alpinist magazine says \"is indisputably the greatest free solo of all time.\"",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This man,\" Honnold's friend and fellow climbing star \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ConradAnkerOfficial/photos/a.161110693925766.23619.143199022383600/1315029598533864/?type=3&theater\">Conrad Anker\u003c/a> wrote on Facebook. \"Respect. Life goal realized.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his climb, Honnold \u003ca href=\"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/adventure/features/athletes/alex-honnold/interview-rope-free-solo-climb-yosemite-el-capitan/\">told National Geographic\u003c/a> that the first challenge was simply to walk up to the California monolith, sit next to the base and put his climbing shoes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because you look up and go, 'that's a f****** big wall,' \" he said. \"It's like, pretty crazy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lighter moment came later, Honnold said, when he passed some climbers who had spent the night on a ledge. He did his best not to wake them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I woke up one guy and he sort of said, 'Oh, hey.' Then when I went by, I think he discreetly woke up his buddies because when I looked down they were all three standing there like, 'What the f***?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By conquering El Capitan, Honnold fulfilled a goal he had worked toward for years. He first wrote about the potential record-setting climb in his journal in 2009 — but he repeatedly found reasons to set it aside, as he said last year on the \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/banff-centre-radio/ep-14-alex-honnold\">Basecamp podcast\u003c/a> with \u003cem>Gripped\u003c/em> editor Brandon Pullan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, that's like, the thing to do,\" Honnold said when discussing El Capitan with Pullan in 2016. \"It's always seemed really scary.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honnold, 31, has become famous for eye-popping ascents that rely on his unique blend of athleticism and mental focus, ascending Yosemite's Half Dome and Zion National Park's Moonlight Buttress. But \u003ca href=\"http://gripped.com/news/alex-honnold-makes-historic-first-free-solo-of-el-capitan/\">Gripped says\u003c/a> of Honnold's El Capitan free-solo climb, \"this is by far the most groundbreaking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Honnold said in the podcast that he found the idea of free-soloing the monolith \"out of the question,\" he also told Pullan that he'd been studying it for years and \"El Cap is definitely doable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, there are two routes that you could potentially do, like Freeride or Golden Gate — they're the two easiest free routes,\" Honnold said, in a statement that only makes sense coming from someone who's often called one of the greatest rock climbers the world has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges on El Capitan, he said, start early, no matter which route you take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They all start with Freeblast, which is like a 10-pitch slab,\" Honnold said, adding that large sections of the granite slab are \"basically like walking on a sheet of glass.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The crux of one pitch, he said, is \"like this no-hands, foot traverse thing, where you're just like, shuffling across a blank wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Honnold added, \"That's before the [main] wall even starts. That's just like getting up there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Alex+Honnold+Scales+El+Capitan+Without+Ropes%2C+And+The+Climbing+World+Reels&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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